FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Duncan, MB Bramblett, RG Zale, AV AF Duncan, Michael B. Bramblett, Robert G. Zale, Alexander V. TI Distributions of Small Nongame Fishes in the Lower Yellowstone River SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE PALLID STURGEON; LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; HABITAT USE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FLOW REGULATION; SOUTH-DAKOTA; NORTH-DAKOTA; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; SICKLEFIN CHUB AB The Yellowstone River is the longest unimpounded river in the conterminous United States. It has a relatively natural flow regime, which helps maintain diverse habitats and fish assemblages uncommon in large rivers elsewhere. The lower Yellowstone River was thought to support a diverse nongame fish assemblage including several species of special concern. However, comprehensive data on the small nongame fish assemblage of the lower Yellowstone River is lacking. Therefore, we sampled the Yellowstone River downstream of its confluence with the Clark's Fork using fyke nets and otter trawls to assess distributions and abundances of small nongame fishes. We captured 42 species (24 native and 18 nonnative) in the lower Yellowstone River with fyke nets. Native species constituted over 99% of the catch. Emerald shiners Notropis atherinoides, western silvery minnows Hybognathus argyritis, flathead chubs Platygobio gracilis, sand shiners Notropis stramineus, and longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae composed nearly 94% of fyke net catch and were caught in every segment of the study area. We captured 24 species by otter trawling downstream of the Tongue River. Sturgeon chubs Macrhybopsis gelida, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, flathead chubs, stonecats Noturus flavus, and sicklefin chubs Macrhybopsis meeki composed 89% of the otter trawl catch. The upstream distributional limit of sturgeon chubs in the Yellowstone River was the Tongue River; few sicklefin chubs were captured above Intake Diversion Dam. This study not only provides biologists with baseline data for future monitoring efforts on the Yellowstone River but serves as a benchmark for management and conservation efforts in large rivers elsewhere as the Yellowstone River represents one of the best references for a naturally functioning Great Plains river. C1 [Duncan, Michael B.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bramblett, Robert G.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Duncan, MB (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mikeduncan406@gmail.com FU Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks through State Wildlife Grant Program; U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Montana State University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Support for this research was provided by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks through the State Wildlife Grant Program. The Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Montana State University, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank the many people who assisted with field sampling including Jennifer Flippin, Chris Naus, Rosa McIver, Dave Ritter, Drew Wentz, Max Wolter, and Matt Jaeger. We thank the Montana, Fish, Wildlife & Parks staffs in Regions 5 and 7 for much needed support during our sampling efforts. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of Montana State University institutional animal care and use protocol 88-04. We thank Caleb Bollman, Mark Pyron, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 112 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900001 ER PT J AU Stewart, TR Ogle, DH Gorman, OT Vinson, MR AF Stewart, Taylor R. Ogle, Derek H. Gorman, Owen T. Vinson, Mark R. TI Age, Growth, and Size of Lake Superior Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulterii) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FISH; RECOMMENDATIONS; OTOLITHS AB Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulterii) are a small, glacial relict species with a disjunct distribution in North America and Siberia. In 2013 we collected Pygmy Whitefish at 28 stations from throughout Lake Superior. Total length was recorded for all fish and weight and sex were recorded and scales and otoliths were collected from a subsample. We compared the precision of estimated ages between readers and between scales and otoliths, estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters for male and female Pygmy Whitefish, and reported the first weight-length relationship for Pygmy Whitefish. Age estimates between scales and otoliths differed significantly with otolith ages significantly greater for most ages after age-3. Maximum otolith age was nine for females and seven for males, which is older than previously reported for Pygmy Whitefish from Lake Superior. Growth was initially fast but slowed considerably after age-3 for males and age-4 for females, falling to 3-4 mm per year at maximum estimated ages. Females were longer than males after age-3. Our results suggest the size, age, and growth of Pygmy Whitefish in Lake Superior have not changed appreciably since 1953. C1 [Stewart, Taylor R.; Ogle, Derek H.] Northland Coll, Dept Nat Resources, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Gorman, Owen T.; Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Ogle, DH (reprint author), Northland Coll, Dept Nat Resources, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dogle@northland.edu NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 24 EP 36 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900002 ER PT J AU Chalupnicki, MA Johnson, JH AF Chalupnicki, Marc A. Johnson, James H. TI Diel Feeding Ecology of Slimy Sculpin in a Tributary to Skaneateles Lake, New York SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GASTRIC EVACUATION RATE; COTTUS-COGNATUS; MOTTLED SCULPIN; MICHIGAN; STREAM; PREDATION; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; ONTARIO; FISHES AB Interactions among the benthic community are typically overlooked but play an important role in fish community dynamics. We examined the diel feeding ecology of Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) from Grout Brook, a tributary to Skaneateles Lake. Of the six time periods examined, Slimy Sculpin consumed the least during the nighttime (2400 h and 0400 h). Chironomids were the major prey consumed during all time periods except for 2400 h when ephemeropterans were the major prey consumed. There was a moderate preference by Slimy Sculpin for food from the benthos (0.59 +/- 0.06) with Diptera (Chironomids), Ephemeroptera (Baetidae), and Trichoptera (Brachycentridae) representing the major taxa. Slimy Sculpin appear to be opportunistic feeders selecting what is most available in the brook. Index of fullness was variable and averaged 1.15% across the diel cycle. Daily ration was measured as a function of fish dry body weight and ranged from 0.12 to 0.22. Estimates of daily consumption ranged from 0.007% to 4.0% of body weight, which corresponds to reports for other species. These findings have application in gauging the relative importance of Slimy Sculpin in streams where highly valued salmonid species also occur. C1 [Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Johnson, James H.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY USA. RP Chalupnicki, MA (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY USA. EM mchalupnicki@usgs.gov; jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900003 ER PT J AU Becker, LJS Brooks, EM Gabor, CR Ostrand, KG AF Becker, L. J. Swanbrow Brooks, E. M. Gabor, C. R. Ostrand, K. G. TI Effects of Turbidity on Foraging Behavior in the Endangered Fountain Darter (Etheostoma fonticola) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; REACTIVE DISTANCE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; LARGEMOUTH BASS; WATER-QUALITY; STREAM FISHES; PREY DENSITY; SUCCESS; SELECTION; TROUT AB The fountain darter Etheostoma fonticola is a federally endangered species that is associated with primarily clear, spring-fed systems, suggesting even minor changes in turbidity have the potential to affect behavior. We examined the effects of turbidity [control: <1 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU), minimal turbidity: mean = 8.7 NTU, moderate turbidity: mean = 23.2 NTU, and high turbidity: mean = 74.6 NTU] on the total number of prey items consumed, time to initiate foraging, total prey consumed out of the time left to forage, and number of strikes made per prey items (prey capture success). Our results indicate elevated turbidity significantly affects the number of prey consumed, time to initiate foraging, and total prey consumed out of the time left to forage. Turbidity does not appear to affect prey capture success. These data suggest even a slight elevation in turbidity (>= 8.7 NTU) can significantly impair foraging behavior in E. fonticola. C1 [Becker, L. J. Swanbrow; Brooks, E. M.; Gabor, C. R.] SW Texas State Univ, Populat & Conservat Biol Program, Dept Biol, 610 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Ostrand, K. G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Aquat Resources Ctr, 500 East McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Gabor, CR (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Populat & Conservat Biol Program, Dept Biol, 610 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM gabor@txstate.edu FU Southwestern Association of Naturalists; Howard McCarley Student Research Award FX We thank T. Bonner for helpful advice and insight on experimental design, logistics, and statistical analysis. Additionally, we thank members of the Gabor/Aspbury (GASP) Lab for helpful commentary on this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Howard McCarley Student Research Award. This experiment was approved by Texas State University IACUC #1115_1101_150. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900005 ER PT J AU McLean, KI Stockwell, CA Mushet, DM AF McLean, K. I. Stockwell, C. A. Mushet, D. M. TI Cannibalistic-morph Tiger Salamanders in Unexpected Ecological Contexts SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM-NEBULOSUM; TROPHIC POLYMORPHISM; DAKOTA; GROWTH; LARVAE; POLYPHENISM; POPULATION; MAVORTIUM; WETLANDS; LAKES AB Barred tiger salamanders [Ambystoma mavortium (Baird, 1850)] exhibit two trophic morphologies; a typical and a cannibalistic morph. Cannibalistic morphs, distinguished by enlarged vomerine teeth, wide heads, slender bodies, and cannibalistic tendencies, are often found where conspecifics occur at high density. During 2012 and 2013, 162 North Dakota wetlands and lakes were sampled for salamanders. Fifty-one contained A. mavortium populations; four of these contained cannibalistic morph individuals. Two populations with cannibalistic morphs occurred at sites with high abundances of conspecifics. However, the other two populations occurred at sites with unexpectedly low conspecific but high fathead minnow [Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque, 1820)] abundances. Further, no typical morphs were observed in either of these later two populations, contrasting with earlier research suggesting cannibalistic morphs only occur at low frequencies in salamander populations. Another anomaly of all four populations was the occurrence of cannibalistic morphs in permanent water sites, suggesting their presence was due to factors other than faster growth allowing them to occupy ephemeral habitats. Therefore, our findings suggest environmental factors inducing the cannibalistic morphism may be more complex than previously thought. C1 [McLean, K. I.; Stockwell, C. A.] N Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Program, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [McLean, K. I.; Mushet, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP McLean, KI (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Program, Fargo, ND 58105 USA.; McLean, KI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM kmclean@usgs.gov; dmushet@usgs.gov OI McLean, Kyle/0000-0003-3803-0136 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land-use Change - Research and Development Program FX We thank Kennebarle and two anonymous reviewers for their reviews of earlier drafts of our manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land-use Change - Research and Development Program. Authors complied with all applicable NDSU Institutional Animal Care guidelines (IACUC Protocol #13033) while conducting this research, and all required state and federal permits were obtained. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900006 ER PT J AU Reddin, CJ Krementz, DG AF Reddin, Christopher J. Krementz, David G. TI Small Mammal Communities in Eastern Redcedar Forest SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; JUNIPERUS-VIRGINIANA; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; OCHROTOMYS-NUTTALLI; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GLAUCOMYS-VOLANS; VEGETATION; RANGE; MOUSE AB Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) is a fire-intolerant tree species that has encroached into grassland ecosystems throughout central and eastern North America. Many land managers are interested in removing eastern redcedar to restore native grasslands. We surveyed small mammals using mark-recapture methods in eastern redcedar forest, warm-season grassland, and oldfield habitats in the Ozark region of northwest Arkansas. We conducted over 3300 trap-nights and captured 176 individuals belonging to eight small mammal species, primarily Peromyscus spp. and Reithrodonotmys fulvescens. While species diversity did not vary among habitats, small mammal species composition in eastern redcedar forest differed from that of warm-season grassland and oldfield habitats. The small mammal community of eastern redcedar forest is as diverse as the warm-season grasslands and oldfields it succeeds but replaces grassland associated small mammal species with forest associated species. C1 [Reddin, Christopher J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Krementz, David G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Krementz, David G.] Imperial Natl Wildlife Refuge US Fish & Wildlife, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. RP Krementz, DG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.; Krementz, DG (reprint author), Imperial Natl Wildlife Refuge US Fish & Wildlife, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. EM krementz@uark.edu FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Service Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Arkansas FX We thank N. Moore, K. Eads, and D. Bowers for logistical help. We would also like to thank S. Stephenson, J. Han, A. Fournier, M. Ronke, C. Sebright, H. Pittman, D. Langdon, and R. Shiery for helping with data collection and analyses. D. Leslie, Jr., E. Finck, S. Stephenson, J. Han, and four anonymous reviewers made valuable comments on an early version of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Service Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the University of Arkansas. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900011 ER PT J AU Hayman, DTS Pulliam, JRC Marshall, JC Cryan, PM Webb, CT AF Hayman, David T. S. Pulliam, Juliet R. C. Marshall, Jonathan C. Cryan, Paul M. Webb, Colleen T. TI Environment, host, and fungal traits predict continental-scale white-nose syndrome in bats SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; BROWN BATS; GEOMYCES-DESTRUCTANS; HIBERNATING MAMMALS; MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; BODY-TEMPERATURE AB White-nose syndrome is a fungal disease killing bats in eastern North America, but disease is not seen in European bats and is less severe in some North American species. We show that how bats use energy during hibernation and fungal growth rates under different environmental conditions can explain how some bats are able to survive winter with infection and others are not. Our study shows how simple but nonlinear interactions between fungal growth and bat energetics result in decreased survival times at more humid hibernation sites; however, differences between species such as body size and metabolic rates determine the impact of fungal infection on bat survival, allowing European bat species to survive, whereas North American species can experience dramatic decline. C1 [Hayman, David T. S.; Marshall, Jonathan C.] Massey Univ, Hopkirk Res Inst, Mol Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Lab, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Pulliam, Juliet R. C.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pulliam, Juliet R. C.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pulliam, Juliet R. C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Marshall, Jonathan C.] Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Webb, Colleen T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hayman, DTS (reprint author), Massey Univ, Hopkirk Res Inst, Mol Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Lab, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. EM d.t.s.hayman@massey.ac.nz NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 14 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 2 IS 1 AR e1500831 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1500831 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN3OU UT WOS:000376972900005 PM 27152322 ER PT J AU Harris, TD Smith, VH Graham, JL Van de Waal, DB Tedesco, LP Clercin, N AF Harris, Ted D. Smith, Val H. Graham, Jennifer L. Van de Waal, Dedmer B. Tedesco, Lenore P. Clercin, Nicolas TI Combined effects of nitrogen to phosphorus and nitrate to ammonia ratios on cyanobacterial metabolite concentrations in eutrophic Midwestern USA reservoirs SO INLAND WATERS LA English DT Article DE 2-methylisoborneol (MIB); geosmin; microcystin; NO3:NH3 ratio; TN:TP ratio ID MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; FIXING CYANOBACTERIA; GEOSMIN PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; ALGAL BLOOMS; PHYTOPLANKTON; LAKES; GROWTH AB Recent studies have shown that the total nitrogen to total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratio and nitrogen oxidation state may have substantial effects on secondary metabolite (e.g., microcystins) production in cyanobacteria. We investigated the relationship between the water column TN:TP ratio and the cyanobacterial secondary metabolites geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), and microcystin using multiple years of data from 4 reservoirs located in the Midwestern United States. We also examined the relationship between water column concentrations of chemically oxidized (NO3) and reduced (NH3) nitrogen, the NO3:NH3 ratio, cyanobacterial biovolume, and associated secondary metabolites. We found that the cyanobacterial secondary metabolites geosmin, MIB, and microcystin primarily occurred when the TN:TP ratio was < 30:1 (by mass), likely due to higher cyanobacterial biovolumes at lower TN:TP ratios. We also found that relative cyanobacterial biovolume was inversely related to the NO3:NH3 ratio. Both N-2- and non-N-2-fixing cyanobacteria seemed to produce secondary metabolites and had higher concentrations per unit biovolume when NO3:NH3 ratios were relatively low. Our data thus are consistent with the hypothesis that lower TN:TP ratios favor cyanobacterial dominance and also suggest that relatively low NO3:NH3 ratios provide conditions that may favor the production of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites. Our data further suggest that increases in the absolute concentrations of TP or NH3 (or both), causing decreases in TN:TP and NO3:NH3 ratios, respectively, may stimulate cyanobacteria having the metabolic ability to produce geosmin, MIB, or microcystins. Future studies should address how the NO3:NH3 ratio affects phytoplankton community structure and occurrence and production of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites. C1 [Harris, Ted D.; Smith, Val H.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Harris, Ted D.; Graham, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. [Van de Waal, Dedmer B.] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Aquat Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Tedesco, Lenore P.] Wetlands Inst, Stone Harbor, NJ USA. [Clercin, Nicolas] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Ctr Earth & Environm Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Harris, TD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.; Harris, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. EM T992H557@ku.edu RI Van de Waal, Dedmer/B-8002-2012 OI Van de Waal, Dedmer/0000-0001-8803-1247 FU US Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program; City of Wichita, Veolia Water Indianapolis; University of Kansas Self Graduate Fellowship FX We thank the US Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program, the City of Wichita, Veolia Water Indianapolis, and the University of Kansas Self Graduate Fellowship for providing funding for this research. We also thank Trudy Bennett, Keith Loftin and the Analytical Organic Lab, and other US Geological Survey Kansas Water Science Center staff for sample collection; Michael Stouder, Robert E. Hall, and the interns at the Center for Earth and Environmental Science at IUPUI for field and laboratory assistance; Mark Gray for laboratory analyses of MIB, geosmin, and microcystin for the Indianapolis reservoirs dataset; Arin Peters, Drew Robinson, and Patrick Eslick of the US Geological Survey for graphical advice; several anonymous reviewers and Reed Green (USGS) for comments that improved the manuscript; and Hans Paerl for helping us formulate the cyanobacterial N2-fixation capability table. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 15 PU FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI AMBLESIDE PA THE FERRY HOUSE, FAR SAWREY, AMBLESIDE, CUMBRIA LA22 0LP, ENGLAND SN 2044-2041 EI 2044-205X J9 INLAND WATERS JI Inland Waters PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 BP 199 EP 210 DI 10.5268/IW-6.2.938 PG 12 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DM6TX UT WOS:000376486500010 ER PT J AU Jones, JR Obrecht, DV Graham, JL Balmer, MB Filstrup, CT Downing, JA AF Jones, John R. Obrecht, Daniel V. Graham, Jennifer L. Balmer, Michelle B. Filstrup, Christopher T. Downing, John A. TI Seasonal patterns in carbon dioxide in 15 mid-continent (USA) reservoirs SO INLAND WATERS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric flux; carbon cycling; carbon dioxide; reservoirs ID MISSOURI RESERVOIRS; TEMPERATE LAKES; SURFACE-WATER; CO2; SUPERSATURATION; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS; SUMMER; FLUX AB Evidence suggests that lakes are important sites for atmospheric CO2 exchange and so play a substantial role in the global carbon budget. Previous research has 2 weaknesses: (1) most data have been collected only during the open-water or summer seasons, and (2) data are concentrated principally on natural lakes in northern latitudes. Here, we report on the full annual cycle of atmospheric CO2 exchanges of 15 oligotrophic to eutrophic reservoirs in the Glacial Till Plains of the United States. With one exception, these reservoirs showed an overall loss of CO2 during the year, with most values within the lower range reported for temperate lakes. There was a strong cross-system seasonal pattern: an average of 70% of total annual CO2 efflux occurred by the end of spring mixis; some 20% of annual flux was reabsorbed during summer stratification; and the remaining 50% of efflux was lost during autumnal mixing. Net annual flux was negatively correlated with depth and positively correlated with both water residence time and DOC, with the smallest annual CO2 efflux measured in shallow fertile impoundments. Strong correlations yield relationships allowing regional up-scaling of CO2 evasion. Understanding lacustrine CO2 uptake and evasion requires seasonal analyses across the full range of lake trophic states and morphometric attributes. C1 [Jones, John R.; Obrecht, Daniel V.; Graham, Jennifer L.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO USA. [Graham, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. [Balmer, Michelle B.; Filstrup, Christopher T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Downing, John A.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Sea Grant & Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Jones, JR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO USA. EM jonesj@missouri.edu FU Missouri Department of Natural Resources; Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station; Food & Agriculture Policy Research Institute FX This paper is dedicated to our friend Val Smith in recognition of his many contributions to limnology. Data were acquired with the support of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station and Food & Agriculture Policy Research Institute, and others. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI AMBLESIDE PA THE FERRY HOUSE, FAR SAWREY, AMBLESIDE, CUMBRIA LA22 0LP, ENGLAND SN 2044-2041 EI 2044-205X J9 INLAND WATERS JI Inland Waters PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.5268/IW-6.2.982 PG 5 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DM6TX UT WOS:000376486500016 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Hamlet, AF Grossman, EE AF Lee, Se-Yeun Hamlet, Alan F. Grossman, Eric E. TI Impacts of Climate Change on Regulated Streamflow, Hydrologic Extremes, Hydropower Production, and Sediment Discharge in the Skagit River Basin SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Skagit River hydrology; reservoir operations; flooding; low flows; hydropower; sediment load ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHANGE SCENARIOS; WATER; MODEL; STATISTICS; WASHINGTON AB Previous studies have shown that the impacts of climate change on the hydrologic response of the Skagit River are likely to be substantial under natural (i.e. unregulated) conditions. To assess the combined effects of changing natural flow and dam operations that determine impacts to regulated flow, a new integrated daily-time-step reservoir operations model was constructed for the Skagit River Basin. The model was used to simulate current reservoir operating policies for historical flow conditions and for projected flows for the 2040s (2030-2059) and 2080s (2070-2099). The results show that climate change is likely to cause substantial seasonal changes in both natural and regulated flow, with more flow in the winter and spring, and less in summer. Hydropower generation in the basin follows these trends, increasing (+ 19%) in the winter/spring, and decreasing (-29%) in the summer by the 2080s. The regulated 100-year flood is projected to increase by 23% by the 2040s and 49% by the 2080s. Peak winter sediment loading in December is projected to increase by 335% by the 2080s in response to increasing winter flows, and average annual sediment loading increases from 2.3 to 5.8 teragrams (+ 149%) per year by the 2080s. Regulated extreme low flows (7Q10) are projected to decrease by about 30% by the 2080s, but remain well above natural low flows. Both current and proposed alternative flood control operations are shown to be largely ineffective in mitigating increasing flood risks in the lower Skagit due to the distribution of flow in the basin during floods. C1 [Lee, Se-Yeun] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Climate Impacts Grp, Box 355674, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hamlet, Alan F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 FitzPatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hamlet, AF (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 FitzPatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM hamlet.1@nd.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 90 IS 1 BP 23 EP 43 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM8NN UT WOS:000376621300003 ER PT J AU Hamman, JJ Hamlet, AF Lee, SY Fuller, R Grossman, EE AF Hamman, Joseph J. Hamlet, Alan F. Lee, Se-Yeun Fuller, Roger Grossman, Eric E. TI Combined Effects of Projected Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, and Peak River Flows on Water Levels in the Skagit Floodplain SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Skagit River hydrology; sea level rise; storm surge; flooding; coastal inundation; floodplain impacts ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; HYDROLOGY; EXTREMES AB Current understanding of the combined effects of sea level rise (SLR), storm surge, and changes in river flooding on near-coastal environments is very limited. This project uses a suite of numerical models to examine the combined effects of projected future climate change on flooding in the Skagit floodplain and estuary. Statistically and dynamically down-scaled global climate model scenarios from the ECHAM-5 GCM were used as the climate forcings. Unregulated daily river flows were simulated using the VIC hydrology model, and regulated river flows were simulated using the SkagitSim reservoir operations model. Daily tidal anomalies (TA) were calculated using a regression approach based on ENSO and atmospheric pressure forcing simulated by the WRF regional climate model. A 2-D hydrodynamic model was used to estimate water surface elevations in the Skagit floodplain using resampled hourly hydrographs keyed to regulated daily flood flows produced by the reservoir simulation model, and tide predictions adjusted for SLR and TA. Combining peak annual TA with projected sea level rise, the historical (1970-1999) 100-yr peak high water level is exceeded essentially every year by the 2050s. The combination of projected sea level rise and larger floods by the 2080s yields both increased flood inundation area (+ 74%), and increased average water depth (+ 25 cm) in the Skagit floodplain during a 100-year flood. Adding sea level rise to the historical FEMA 100-year flood resulted in a 35% increase in inundation area by the 2040's, compared to a 57% increase when both SLR and projected changes in river flow were combined. C1 [Hamman, Joseph J.] Univ Washington, Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hamlet, Alan F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 FitzPatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Lee, Se-Yeun] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fuller, Roger] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hamlet, AF (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 FitzPatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM hamlet.1@nd.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [00J30401-0] FX This study has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreement 00J30401-0 to The Nature Conservancy. Thanks to Ted Perkins at FEMA for assistance obtaining and running the hydrodynamic model for the Skagit. Thanks also to FLO-2D Software, Inc. who provided free access to the FLO-2D hydrodynamic modeling software. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 90 IS 1 BP 57 EP 78 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM8NN UT WOS:000376621300005 ER PT J AU Hood, WG Grossman, EE Veldhuisen, C AF Hood, W. Gregory Grossman, Eric E. Veldhuisen, Curt TI Assessing Tidal Marsh Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise in the Skagit Delta SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Marsh Erosion; Estuarine Sediment Routing ID RIVER DELTA; MACROALGAL BLOOMS; SALT MARSHES; SEDIMENT; WASHINGTON; VEGETATION; FLATS; PATTERNS; COLLAPSE; CHANNELS AB Historical aerial photographs, from 1937 to the present, show Skagit Delta tidal marshes prograding into Skagit Bay for most of the record, but the progradation rates have been steadily declining and the marshes have begun to erode in recent decades despite the large suspended sediment load provided by the Skagit River. In an area of the delta isolated from direct riverine sediment supply by anthropogenic blockage of historical distributaries, 0.5-m tall marsh cliffs along with concave marsh profiles indicate wave erosion is contributing to marsh retreat. This is further supported by a "natural experiment" provided by rocky outcrops that shelter high marsh in their lee, while being bounded by 0.5-m lower eroded marsh to windward and on either side. Coastal wetlands with high sediment supply are thought to be resilient to sea level rise, but the case of the Skagit Delta shows this is not necessarily true. A combination of sea level rise and wave-generated erosion may overwhelm sediment supply. Additionally, anthropogenic obstruction of historical distributaries and levee construction along the remaining distributaries likely increase the jet momentum of river discharge, forcing much suspended sediment to bypass the tidal marshes and be exported from Skagit Bay. Adaptive response to the threat of climate change related sea level rise and increased wave frequency or intensity should consider the efficacy of restoring historical distributaries and managed retreat of constrictive river levees to maximize sediment delivery to delta marshes. C1 [Hood, W. Gregory] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, POB 368, Laconner, WA 98257 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Veldhuisen, Curt] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, POB 368, Laconner, WA 98257 USA. RP Hood, WG (reprint author), Skagit River Syst Cooperat, POB 368, Laconner, WA 98257 USA. EM ghood@skagitcoop.org FU Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant [RD-83301401]; Office of Naval Research (Tidal Flat Dynamics Departmental Research Initiative) [N00014-08-1-1008]; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound Project FX Research supported by Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant # RD-83301401 and by the Office of Naval Research (Tidal Flat Dynamics Departmental Research Initiative, Grant # N00014-08-1-1008). We also acknowledge the support from the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound Project. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 90 IS 1 BP 79 EP 93 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM8NN UT WOS:000376621300006 ER PT S AU Mueller-Dombois, D Jacobi, JD AF Mueller-Dombois, Dieter Jacobi, James D. BE Box, EO TI Dynamics of the Hawaiian Rainforest at Multiple Scales SO VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AT MULTIPLE SPATIAL, TEMPORAL AND CONCEPTUAL SCALES SE Geobotany Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIEBACK AB This paper is a short version of a recently published book 'Ohi'a Lehua Rainforest, which resulted from studies of vegetation at multiple scales in space and time. The objective of this short version is not only to demonstrate some of these changes in scale, but also to show that different perspectives through scale changes were needed for synthesizing the subject matter into a coherent story. In other words, any vegetation study that aims at comprehensive explanations needs to view the subject matter from several different perspectives or scales. The five decadelong research on native Hawaiian rainforest is such a study. Following the introduction, this study is summarized under five subheadings: - A rainforest born among volcanoes - Turnover by auto-succession - From rainforest to bog and stream formation - Fragmentation into smaller units as islands age - Conclusion: the rainforest on Windward O'ahu C1 [Mueller-Dombois, Dieter] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jacobi, James D.] US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Mueller-Dombois, D (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM dieter@hawaii.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2198-2562 BN 978-3-319-21452-8; 978-3-319-21451-1 J9 GEOBOT STUD PY 2016 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-21452-8_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-21452-8 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE8IE UT WOS:000376509700009 ER PT J AU Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Dolan, AM Rowley, D Abe-Ouchi, A Otto-Bliesner, B Chandler, MA Hunter, SJ Lunt, DJ Pound, M Salzmann, U AF Haywood, Alan M. Dowsett, Harry J. Dolan, Aisling M. Rowley, David Abe-Ouchi, Ayako Otto-Bliesner, Bette Chandler, Mark A. Hunter, Stephen J. Lunt, Daniel J. Pound, Matthew Salzmann, Ulrich TI The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Phase 2: scientific objectives and experimental design SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MID-PLIOCENE; WARM PERIOD; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE; PLISMIP AB The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) is a co-ordinated international climate modelling initiative to study and understand climate and environments of the Late Pliocene, as well as their potential relevance in the context of future climate change. PlioMIP examines the consistency of model predictions in simulating Pliocene climate and their ability to reproduce climate signals preserved by geological climate archives. Here we provide a description of the aim and objectives of the next phase of the model intercomparison project (PlioMIP Phase 2), and we present the experimental design and boundary conditions that will be utilized for climate model experiments in Phase 2. Following on from PlioMIP Phase 1, Phase 2 will continue to be a mechanism for sampling structural uncertainty within climate models. However, Phase 1 demonstrated the requirement to better understand boundary condition uncertainties as well as uncertainty in the methodologies used for data-model comparison. Therefore, our strategy for Phase 2 is to utilize state-of-the-art boundary conditions that have emerged over the last 5 years. These include a new palaeogeographic reconstruction, detailing ocean bathymetry and land-ice surface topography. The ice surface topography is built upon the lessons learned from offline ice sheet modelling studies. Land surface cover has been enhanced by recent additions of Pliocene soils and lakes. Atmospheric reconstructions of palaeo-CO2 are emerging on orbital timescales, and these are also incorporated into PlioMIP Phase 2. New records of surface and sea surface temperature change are being produced that will be more temporally consistent with the boundary conditions and forcings used within models. Finally we have designed a suite of prioritized experiments that tackle issues surrounding the basic understanding of the Pliocene and its relevance in the context of future climate change in a discrete way. C1 [Haywood, Alan M.; Dolan, Aisling M.; Hunter, Stephen J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rowley, David] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Abe-Ouchi, Ayako] Univ Tokyo, CCSR, Tokyo, Japan. [Otto-Bliesner, Bette] CGD NCAR, CCR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chandler, Mark A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Pound, Matthew; Salzmann, Ulrich] Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Dept Geog, Ellison Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Dolan, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.m.dolan@leeds.ac.uk OI Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952; Pound, Matthew/0000-0001-8029-9548; Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Rowley, David/0000-0001-9767-9029; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU European Research Council under the European Union [278636]; EPSRC-supported Past Earth Network; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I016287/1, NE/G009112/1, NE/H006273/1]; US National Science Foundation; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA) [NNX14AB99A]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center FX A. M. Haywood, A. M. Dolan and S. J. Hunter acknowledge that the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636, as well as the EPSRC-supported Past Earth Network. U. Salzmann, A. M. Haywood and M. J. Pound acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC Grant NE/I016287/1). A. M. Haywood and D. J. Lunt acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC Grant NE/G009112/1). D. J. Lunt acknowledges NERC grant NE/H006273/1. H. J. Dowsett recognizes the continued support of the United States Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. B. L. Otto-Bliesner recognizes the continued support of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. M. A. Chandler is supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA Grant NNX14AB99A) and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 BP 663 EP 675 DI 10.5194/cp-12-663-2016 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM0YP UT WOS:000376072300005 ER PT J AU Eaves, SR Mackintosh, AN Anderson, BM Doughty, AM Townsend, DB Conway, CE Winckler, G Schaefer, JM Leonard, GS Calvert, AT AF Eaves, Shaun R. Mackintosh, Andrew N. Anderson, Brian M. Doughty, Alice M. Townsend, Dougal B. Conway, Chris E. Winckler, Gisela Schaefer, Joerg M. Leonard, Graham S. Calvert, Andrew T. TI The Last Glacial Maximum in the central North Island, New Zealand: palaeoclimate inferences from glacier modelling SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID TONGARIRO-VOLCANIC-CENTER; NZ-INTIMATE PROJECT; SOUTHERN ALPS; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; MT-RUAPEHU; TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTIONS; ENERGY-BALANCE; TARARUA RANGE; PARK VALLEY; ICE AB Quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions provide data for evaluating the mechanisms of past, natural climate variability. Geometries of former mountain glaciers, constrained by moraine mapping, afford the opportunity to reconstruct palaeoclimate, due to the close relationship between ice extent and local climate. In this study, we present results from a series of experiments using a 2-D coupled energy balance ice flow model that investigate the palaeoclimate significance of Last Glacial Maximum moraines within nine catchments in the central North Island, New Zealand. We find that the former ice limits can be simulated when present-day temperatures are reduced by between 4 and 7 degrees C, if precipitation remains unchanged from present. The spread in the results between the nine catchments is likely to represent the combination of chronological and model uncertainties The majority of catchments targeted require temperature decreases of 5.1 to 6.3 degrees C to simulate the former glaciers, which represents our best estimate of the temperature anomaly in the central North Island, New Zealand, during the Last Glacial Maximum. A decrease in precipitation of up to 25 % from present, as suggested by proxy evidence and climate models, increases the magnitude of the required temperature changes by up to 0.8 degrees C. Glacier model experiments using reconstructed topographies that exclude the volume of post-glacial (< 15 ka) volcanism generally increased the magnitude of cooling required to simulate the former ice limits by up to 0.5 degrees C. Our palaeo-temperature estimates expand the spatial coverage of proxy-based quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions in New Zealand. Our results are also consistent with independent, proximal temperature reconstructions from fossil groundwater and pollen assemblages, as well as similar glacier modelling reconstructions from the central Southern Alps, which suggest air temperatures were ca. 6 degrees C lower than present across New Zealand during the Last Glacial Maximum. C1 [Eaves, Shaun R.; Mackintosh, Andrew N.; Anderson, Brian M.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Eaves, Shaun R.; Mackintosh, Andrew N.; Conway, Chris E.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Doughty, Alice M.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Townsend, Dougal B.; Leonard, Graham S.] GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr,POB 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Winckler, Gisela; Schaefer, Joerg M.] Columbia Univ New York, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Calvert, Andrew T.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Eaves, SR (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.; Eaves, SR (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. EM shaun.eaves@vuw.ac.nz RI Leonard, Graham/B-5617-2012 OI Leonard, Graham/0000-0002-4859-0180 FU Victoria University; VUW Faculty Strategic Research Grant; Antarctic Research Centre Endowed Development Fund FX S. R. Eaves was supported by the Victoria University Doctoral Scholarship, a VUW Faculty Strategic Research Grant, and the Antarctic Research Centre Endowed Development Fund. NR 100 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 4 BP 943 EP 960 DI 10.5194/cp-12-943-2016 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM0YX UT WOS:000376073100009 ER PT J AU Iacovino, K Oppenheimer, C Scaillet, B Kyle, P AF Iacovino, Kayla Oppenheimer, Clive Scaillet, Bruno Kyle, Philip TI Storage and Evolution of Mafic and Intermediate Alkaline Magmas beneath Ross Island, Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkaline volcanism; basanite; CO2; phase equilibria; phonotephrite; Ross Island ID PHASE-EQUILIBRIUM CONSTRAINTS; EREBUS VOLCANO; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STROMBOLI VOLCANO; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; MELT INCLUSIONS; MANTLE; WATER; SOLUBILITY; LIQUIDS AB We present the results of phase equilibrium experiments carried out on basanite and phonotephrite lavas from Ross Island, Antarctica. Experiments were designed to reproduce the P-T-X-fO(2) conditions of deep and intermediate magma storage and to place constraints on the differentiation of each of the two predominant lava suites on the island, which are thought to be derived from a common parent melt. The Erebus Lineage (EL) consists of lava erupted from the Erebus summit and the Dry Valley Drilling Project (DVDP) lineage is represented by lavas sampled by drill core on Hut Point Peninsula. Experiments were performed in internally heated pressure vessels over a range of temperatures (1000-1150A degrees C) and pressures (200-400 MPa), under oxidized conditions (NNO to NNO + 3, where NNO is the nickel-nickel oxide buffer), with X-H2O of the H2O-CO2 mixture added to the experimental capsule varying between zero and unity. The overall mineralogy and mineral compositions of the natural lavas were reproduced, suggesting oxidizing conditions for the deep magma plumbing system, in marked contrast to the reducing conditions (QFM to QFM - 1, where QFM is the quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer) in the Erebus lava lake. In basanite, crystallization of spinel is followed by olivine and clinopyroxene; olivine is replaced by kaersutitic amphibole below similar to 1050A degrees C at intermediate water contents. In phonotephrite, the liquidus phase is kaersutite except in runs with low water content (XH2Ofluid < 0 center dot 2) where it is replaced by clinopyroxene. Experimental kaersutite compositions suggest that the amphibole-bearing DVDP lavas differentiated below 1050A degrees C at 200-400 MPa and NNO + 1 center dot 5 to NNO + 2. Olivine- and clinopyroxene-bearing EL lavas are consistent with experiments performed above 1050A degrees C and pressures around 200 MPa. The plagioclase liquidus at < 1-2 wt % H2O suggests extremely dry conditions for both lineages (XH2Ofluid approaching zero for EL, similar to 0 center dot 25 for DVDP), probably facilitated by dehydration induced by a CO2-rich fluid phase. Our results agree with previous studies that suggest a single plumbing system beneath Ross Island in which DVDP lavas (and probably other peripheral volcanic products) were erupted through radial fractures associated with the ascent of parental magma into the lower crust. The longer travel time of the DVDP lavas through the crust owing to lateral movement along fractures and the lack of a direct, sustained connection to the continuous CO2-rich gas flux that characterizes the main central Erebus conduit is probably responsible for the lower temperatures and slightly wetter conditions and hence the change in mineralogy observed. C1 [Iacovino, Kayla; Oppenheimer, Clive] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Downing Pl, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Scaillet, Bruno] Univ Orleans, Inst Sci Terre Orleans, CNRS, BRGM, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Kyle, Philip] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Iacovino, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kiacovino@usgs.gov RI Scaillet, Bruno/A-5846-2012 FU Environmental Research Council project 'DEMONS'; Labex Voltaire [ANR-10-LABX-100-10]; University of Cambridge Department of Geography FX Fieldwork in Antarctica was supported by the Office of Polar Programs (National Science Foundation) (ANT1142083). Experimental research was supported by the Environmental Research Council project 'DEMONS'; Labex Voltaire (ANR-10-LABX-100-10); and by the University of Cambridge Department of Geography Phillip Lake and William Vaughn Lewis grants. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 1 BP 93 EP 117 DI 10.1093/petrology/egv083 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DJ9ZR UT WOS:000374572600005 ER PT J AU Scheibel, NC Dembkowski, DJ Davis, JL Chipps, SR AF Scheibel, Natalie C. Dembkowski, Daniel J. Davis, Jacob L. Chipps, Steven R. TI Impacts of Northern Pike on Stocked Rainbow Trout in Pactola Reservoir, South Dakota SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ESOX-LUCIUS; FISH COMMUNITY; 3 ESOCIDS; LAKE; GROWTH; PREDATION; PREY; CONSUMPTION; SALMONIDS; BEHAVIOR AB Establishment of nonnative Northern Pike Esox lucius in Pactola Reservoir, South Dakota, has prompted concern among biologists about the influence of this species on the lake's intensively managed salmonid fisheries. Ancedotal information suggests that catch rates of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss have declined while mean size and abundance of Northern Pike has increased, although quantitative information on diet and growth of the Northern Pike population is lacking. To address potential interactions between Northern Pike and Rainbow Trout, we assessed size-dependent predation by Northern Pike on Rainbow Trout and determined the relative energetic contribution of stocked Rainbow Trout to Northern Pike growth using bioenergetics modeling. Stable isotopes combined with traditional diet analyses revealed that smaller Northern Pike (<600 mm TL) consumed primarily centrarchids and Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax, and Rainbow Trout contributed less than 10% to their annual energy consumption. In contrast, larger Northern Pike (>= 600 mm TL) consumed primarily Rainbow Trout, which accounted for 56% of their annual energy consumption. Combining estimates of Northern Pike predation with production costs of catchable-size Rainbow Trout revealed that annual economic losses ranged from US$15,259 to $24,801 per year. Over its lifespan, an age-10 Northern Pike was estimated to consume similar to 117 Rainbow Trout worth approximately $340. Thus, Northern Pike predation substantially influences salmonid management initiatives and is likely a primary factor contributing to reduced Rainbow Trout abundance and return to anglers in Pactola Reservoir. Strategies for reducing Northern Pike predation on Rainbow Trout include increasing the size of stocked fish or altering the timing and spatial distribution of stocking events. C1 [Scheibel, Natalie C.; Dembkowski, Daniel J.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, 100 Adm Lane, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Davis, Jacob L.] South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Parks, 4130 Adventure Trail, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Nat Resource Management, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 100 Adm Lane, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Scheibel, Natalie C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midcolumbia Fisheries Resource Off, Winthrop Field Stn, 453D Twin Lakes Rd, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Dembkowski, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin Stevens Point, Fish Propagat Sci Ctr, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Scheibel, NC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, 100 Adm Lane, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; Scheibel, NC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midcolumbia Fisheries Resource Off, Winthrop Field Stn, 453D Twin Lakes Rd, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. EM natalie_scheibel@fws.gov FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-15-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; South Dakota State University; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks FX Special thanks to the South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks personnel who supplied logistical support and valuable assistance; special thanks also to Gene Galinat, Greg Simpson, Michelle Bucholz, and Dylan Jones. We thank Zachary Jessee, Anna Robinson, Bailey Ketelsen, and Bill Brasky for their assistance in the field and laboratory. Funding for this study was provided by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, Project F-15-R, Study 1525, administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. The South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota State University, and South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 230 EP 240 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1116472 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ9WW UT WOS:000374565000002 ER PT J AU Lenker, MA Weidel, BC Jensen, OP Solomon, CT AF Lenker, Melissa A. Weidel, Brian C. Jensen, Olaf P. Solomon, Christopher T. TI Developing Recreational Harvest Regulations for an Unexploited Lake Trout Population SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; CHINOOK SALMON; GREAT-LAKES; FISHERIES; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; ONTARIO; MODEL; FISH AB Developing fishing regulations for previously unexploited populations presents numerous challenges, many of which stem from a scarcity of baseline information about abundance, population productivity, and expected angling pressure. We used simulation models to test the effect of six management strategies (catch and release; trophy, minimum, and maximum length limits; and protected and exploited slot length limits) on an unexploited population of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in Follensby Pond, a 393-ha lake located in New York State's Adirondack Park. We combined field and literature data and mark-recapture abundance estimates to parameterize an agestructured population model and used the model to assess the effects of each management strategy on abundance, catch per unit effort (CPUE), and harvest over a range of angler effort (0-2,000 angler-days/year). Lake Trout density (3.5 fish/ha for fish >= age 13, the estimated age at maturity) was similar to densities observed in other unexploited systems, but growth rate was relatively slow. Maximum harvest occurred at levels of effort <= 1,000 angler-days/year in all the scenarios considered. Regulations that permitted harvest of large postmaturation fish, such as New York's standard Lake Trout minimum size limit or a trophy size limit, resulted in low harvest and high angler CPUE. Regulations that permitted harvest of small and sometimes immature fish, such as a protected slot or maximum size limit, allowed high harvest but resulted in low angler CPUE and produced rapid declines in harvest with increases in effort beyond the effort consistent with maximum yield. Management agencies can use these results to match regulations to management goals and to assess the risks of different management options for unexploited Lake Trout populations and other fish species with similar life history traits. C1 [Lenker, Melissa A.; Solomon, Christopher T.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, 21 111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Lenker, MA (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, 21 111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM melissa.lenker@mail.mcgill.ca RI Solomon, Chris/E-6284-2014 OI Solomon, Chris/0000-0002-2850-4257 FU Adirondack Chapter of The Nature Conservancy FX We would like to thank Jacob Ziegler, Nicola Craig, Raphaelle Thomas, Curt Karboski, Matt Paufve, and Shannon Boyle for their support in the field. We would also like to thank the Adirondack Chapter of The Nature Conservancy for funding our study and Dirk Bryant, Mary Thill, Michael Carr, Michelle Brown, Rich Preall, Jon Fieroh, Daniel Josephson, and Clifford Kraft for their support and advice. And lastly, we would like to thank and acknowledge Tom Lake for always keeping one eye on the lake and the other on us. The mention of specific products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 1991 to the Great Lakes Science Center. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 385 EP 397 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1131780 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ9WW UT WOS:000374565000017 ER PT J AU Carlson, CM Schneider, JR Wiepz, JK Meyerett-Reid, CL Zabel, MD Pedersen, JA Heisey, DM Johnson, CJ AF Carlson, Christina M. Schneider, Jay R. Wiepz, Jamie K. Meyerett-Reid, Crystal L. Zabel, Mark D. Pedersen, Joel A. Heisey, Dennis M. Johnson, Christopher J. TI Phenotypic plasticity of chronic wasting disease prions SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carlson, Christina M.; Schneider, Jay R.; Wiepz, Jamie K.; Heisey, Dennis M.; Johnson, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Meyerett-Reid, Crystal L.; Zabel, Mark D.] Colorado State Univ, Prion Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PY 2016 VL 10 SU 1 MA P-151 BP S116 EP S116 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DK1EW UT WOS:000374656300164 ER PT J AU Tollner, EW Douglas-Mankin, KR AF Tollner, E. W. Douglas-Mankin, K. R. TI INTERNATIONAL WATERSHED TECHNOLOGY: IMPROVING WATER QUALITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Data processing; Modeling; Research; Water quality; Water quantity AB This article introduces a collection of papers from the fourth biennial ASABE 21st Century Watershed Technology Conference and Workshop: Improving Water Quality and the Environment, held in Hamilton, New Zealand, on November 3-6, 2014. This Special Collection consists of three articles selected from the 47 meeting papers. The technical presentations at the conference focused on solving spatial and temporal water quality and quantity problems and addressed topics such as watershed management in developing countries, water quality standards, agricultural best management practice (BMP) effectiveness, emerging problems, impact of extreme weather conditions, biological monitoring, increasing stakeholder involvement, political and economic implications, watershed implementation planning, forest and rangeland water quality issues, and water resources education. At first glance, these topics seem quite diverse. A more detailed look suggested that the "big data" and data mining themes of the last conference in Bari, Italy, continued to develop. C1 [Tollner, E. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Douglas-Mankin, K. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Everglades Program Team, Boynton Beach, FL USA. RP Tollner, EW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, 117 Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM btollner@engr.uga.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2016 VL 59 IS 2 BP 535 EP 536 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA DK2OU UT WOS:000374755100014 ER PT J AU Luehmann, MD Peter, BG Connallon, CB Schaetzl, RJ Smidt, SJ Liu, W Kincare, KA Walkowiak, TA Thorlund, E Holler, MS AF Luehmann, Michael D. Peter, Brad G. Connallon, Christopher B. Schaetzl, Randall J. Smidt, Samuel J. Liu, Wei Kincare, Kevin A. Walkowiak, Toni A. Thorlund, Elin Holler, Marie S. TI Loamy, Two-Storied Soils on the Outwash Plains of Southwestern Lower Michigan: Pedoturbation of Loess with the Underlying Sand SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE eolian systems; loess; outwash plains; pedoturbation; spatial analysis ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; SOUTH-CENTRAL MICHIGAN; GRAYLING-FINGERS REGION; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; PARENT MATERIALS; LITHOLOGIC DISCONTINUITIES; TRANSPORT DIRECTION; CENTRAL-EUROPE; CRITICAL ZONE; SAGINAW LOBE AB Soils on many of the outwash plains in southwestern Michigan have loamy upper profiles, despite being underlain by sand-textured outwash. The origin of this upper, loamy material has long been unknown. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatio-textural characteristics of these loamy-textured sediments to ascertain their origin(s). The textural curves of this material have distinct bimodality, with clear silt and sand peaks. Because the sand peaks align with those in the outwash below, we conclude that the upper material is a mixture of an initially silty material with the sand from below, forming loamy textures. By applying a textural filtering operation to the data, we determined its original characteristics; nearly all of the soils originally had silt loam upper profiles, typical for loess. Field data showed that the loamy material is thickest east of a broad, north-south trending valley (the Niles-Thornapple Spillway) that once carried glacial meltwater. The material becomes thinner, generally better sorted, and finer in texture eastward, away from this channel. We conclude that the loamy mantle on many of the adjacent outwash plains is silt-rich loess, derived from the Niles-Thornapple Spillway and its tributary channels and transported on mainly westerly winds. The spillway was active between ca. 17.3 and 16.8 k cal. years ago. At this time, a large network of tunnel channels existed beneath the stagnant Saginaw lobe ice. Meltwater from the lobe funneled silt-rich sediment into the spillway, rendering it a prodigious silt source. C1 [Luehmann, Michael D.] Atwell LLC, Southfield, MI 48076 USA. [Peter, Brad G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Connallon, Christopher B.; Schaetzl, Randall J.; Smidt, Samuel J.; Liu, Wei; Walkowiak, Toni A.; Thorlund, Elin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kincare, Kevin A.] US Geol Survey, Manistee, MI 49660 USA. [Holler, Marie S.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Urban Planning, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Luehmann, MD (reprint author), Atwell LLC, Southfield, MI 48076 USA.; Peter, BG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.; Connallon, CB; Schaetzl, RJ; Smidt, SJ; Liu, W; Walkowiak, TA; Thorlund, E (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.; Kincare, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Manistee, MI 49660 USA.; Holler, MS (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Urban Planning, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. EM mluehman@gmail.com; brad.peter@utexas.edu; connallon@gmail.com; soils@msu.edu; smidtsam@msu.edu; liuwei11@msu.edu; kkincare@usgs.gov; walkow14@msu.edu; elin.thorlund@gmail.com; mariesuzanneholler@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation (NSF), GSS Program [BCS-0850593] FX Alex Shackleton's work was supported by grant BCS-0850593 made to Randall Schaetzl by the National Science Foundation (NSF), GSS Program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are, however, those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 2469-4452 EI 2469-4460 J9 ANN AM ASSOC GEOGR JI Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr. PY 2016 VL 106 IS 3 BP 551 EP 571 DI 10.1080/00045608.2015.1115388 PG 21 WC Geography SC Geography GA DK9NC UT WOS:000375256200008 ER PT J AU Barreto, A Cuevas, E Granados-Munoz, MJ Alados-Arboledas, L Romero, PM Grobner, J Kouremeti, N Almansa, AF Stone, T Toledano, C Roman, R Sorokin, M Holben, B Canini, M Yela, M AF Barreto, Africa Cuevas, Emilio Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose Alados-Arboledas, Lucas Romero, Pedro M. Groebner, Julian Kouremeti, Natalia Almansa, Antonio F. Stone, Tom Toledano, Carlos Roman, Roberto Sorokin, Mikhail Holben, Brent Canini, Marius Yela, Margarita TI The new sun-sky-lunar Cimel CE318-T multiband photometer - a comprehensive performance evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; VAPOR COLUMN ABUNDANCE; WATER-VAPOR; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; STAR-PHOTOMETRY; SAHARAN DUST; RAMAN LIDAR; DESERT DUST; AERONET AB This paper presents the new photometer CE318-T, able to perform daytime and night-time photometric measurements using the sun and the moon as light source. Therefore, this new device permits a complete cycle of diurnal aerosol and water vapour measurements valuable to enhance atmospheric monitoring to be extracted. In this study we have found significantly higher precision of triplets when comparing the CE318-T master instrument and the Cimel AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) master (CE318-AERONET) triplets as a result of the new CE318-T tracking system. Regarding the instrument calibration, two new methodologies to transfer the calibration from a reference instrument using only daytime measurements (Sun Ratio and Sun-Moon gain factor techniques) are presented and discussed. These methods allow the reduction of the previous complexities inherent to nocturnal calibration. A quantitative estimation of CE318-T AOD uncertainty by means of error propagation theory during daytime revealed AOD uncertainties (u(AOD)(D)) for Langley-calibrated instruments similar to the expected values for other reference instruments (0.002-0.009). We have also found u(AOD)(D) values similar to the values reported in sun photometry for field instruments (similar to 0.015). In the case of the night-time period, the CE318-T-estimated standard combined uncertainty (u(AOD)(N)) is dependent not only on the calibration technique but also on illumination conditions and the instrumental noise. These values range from 0.011-0.018 for Lunar Langley-calibrated instruments to 0.012-0.021 for instruments calibrated using the Sun Ratio technique. In the case of moon-calibrated instruments using the Sun-Moon gain factor method and suncalibrated using the Langley technique, we found u(AOD)(N) ranging from 0.016 to 0.017 (up to 0.019 in 440 nm channel), not dependent on any lunar irradiance model. A subsequent performance evaluation including CE318-T and collocated measurements from independent reference instruments has served to assess the CE318-T performance as well as to confirm its estimated uncertainty. Daytime AOD evaluation, performed at Izana station from March to June 2014, encompassed measurements from a reference CE318-T, a CE318-AERONET master instrument, a Precision Filter Radiometer (PFR) and a Precision Spectroradiometer (PSR) prototype, reporting low AOD discrepancies between the four instruments (up to 0.006). The nocturnal AOD evaluation was performed using CE318-T- and starphotometer-collocated measurements and also by means of a day/night coherence transition test using the CE318-T master instrument and the CE318 daytime data from the CE318-AERONET master instrument. Results showed low discrepancies with the star photometer at 870 and 500 nm channels (<= 0.013) and differences with AERONET daytime data (1 h after and before sunset and sunrise) in agreement with the estimated u(AOD)(N) values at all illumination conditions in the case of channels within the visible spectral range, and only for high moon's illumination conditions in the case of near-infrared channels. Precipitable water vapour (PWV) validation showed a good agreement between CE318-T and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) PWV values for all illumination conditions, within the expected precision for sun photometry. Finally, two case studies have been included to highlight the ability of the new CE318-T to capture the diurnal cycle of aerosols and water vapour as well as short-term atmospheric variations, critical for climate studies. C1 [Barreto, Africa; Cuevas, Emilio; Romero, Pedro M.; Almansa, Antonio F.] Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Madrid, Spain. [Barreto, Africa; Almansa, Antonio F.; Canini, Marius] Cimel Elect, Paris, France. [Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, Granada, Spain. [Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, IISTA CEAMA, Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res, Junta Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Groebner, Julian; Kouremeti, Natalia] PMOD WRC, Davos, Switzerland. [Stone, Tom] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Toledano, Carlos; Roman, Roberto] Univ Valladolid, Grp Opt Atmosfer, Valladolid, Spain. [Sorokin, Mikhail; Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Yela, Margarita] Natl Inst Aerosp Technol INTA, Instrumentat & Atmospher Res Dept, Madrid, Spain. RP Barreto, A (reprint author), Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Madrid, Spain.; Barreto, A (reprint author), Cimel Elect, Paris, France. EM cimel1@aemet.es RI Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/P-5630-2014; Yela, Margarita/J-7346-2016 OI Toledano, Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Yela, Margarita/0000-0003-3775-3156 FU European Community [262254]; Andalusia regional government [P12-RNM-2409, P10-RNM-6299]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CGL2013-45410-R]; EU through ACTRIS project [EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254] FX This work has been developed within the framework of the activities of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations (CIMO) Izana Testbed for Aerosols and Water Vapor Remote Sensing Instruments. The Granada GNSS station belongs to the Instituto Andaluz de Geofisica. The AERONET sun photometers at Izana have been calibrated within the AERONET-Europe TNA, supported by the European Community-Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 ACTRIS grant agreement no. 262254. The GAW-PFR network for AOD at WMO-GAW global observatories has been implemented by the World Optical Depth Research and Calibration Center (WORCC). This work has also been supported by the Andalusia regional government through projects P12-RNM-2409 and P10-RNM-6299, by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through project CGL2013-45410-R; and finally by the EU through ACTRIS project (EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254). The authors wish to thank to Angel Gomez Pelaez and Alberto Redondas for assisting the authors with the instrument's uncertainty estimation. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 631 EP 654 DI 10.5194/amt-9-631-2016 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MS UT WOS:000375612000020 ER PT J AU Donnelly, JP Naugle, DE Hagen, CA Maestas, JD AF Donnelly, J. P. Naugle, D. E. Hagen, C. A. Maestas, J. D. TI Public lands and private waters: scarce mesic resources structure land tenure and sage-grouse distributions SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE California; Centrocercus urophasianus; Great Basin; greater sage-grouse; Landsat; late brood rearing; Nevada; Oregon; point pattern analysis; private land; proximity; remote sensing ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; SAGEBRUSH HABITATS; LEKS IMPLICATIONS; VEGETATION INDEX; POINT PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IRRIGATION; CONSERVATION AB Water scarcity in semiarid environments provides a model system to evaluate the role of mesic resources in structuring the distribution and abundance of wildlife. We used remote sensing and point process analyses to evaluate spatio-temporal variability in limited mesic resources in relation to greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) distributions in Oregon, California, and northwest Nevada, USA, 1984-2011. We then link population distribution to changes in resource availability over time, space, and land tenure. Despite encompassing only 2.4% of landscape area, mesic sites influenced sage-grouse breeding distributions as evidenced by significantly shorter lek to mesic resource distances in observed (5.3 km) vs. predicted (8.2 km) values. Population abundance increased with proximity to mesic sites. Lag effects evident in abundance and proximity trends of mesic resources suggest a level of drought tolerance that moderated climatic variability. Mesic abundance and proximity remained relatively stable during the study period in comparison to more dynamic climatic patterns. Drought effects were most pronounced during multiyear events as evidenced by the 1987-1992 period that decreased mesic abundance >25% and approximately doubled mean lek to mesic resource distances (4.8-8.3 km). In our study area, 75% of all mesic resources were in private ownership, where the predominant land use is livestock ranching. Results suggest a holistic conservation strategy inclusive of private and public lands is needed to ensure sage-grouse habitat requisites are met throughout the life cycle of this landscape species. C1 [Donnelly, J. P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Intermt West Joint Venture, 32 Campus Dr,Forestry Bldg 302, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Naugle, D. E.] Univ Montana, USDA, Sage Grouse Initiat, Wildlife Biol Program,Nat Resources Conservat Ser, 32 Campus Dr,Forestry Bldg 309, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hagen, C. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Maestas, J. D.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 625 SE Salmon Ave,Bldg A, Redmond, OR 97756 USA. RP Donnelly, JP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Intermt West Joint Venture, 32 Campus Dr,Forestry Bldg 302, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM patrick_donnelly@fws.gov FU Conservation Effects Assessment Project, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Sage Grouse Initiative FX This study was funded by a grant from the Conservation Effects Assessment Project, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Sage Grouse Initiative (http://www.sagegrouseinitiative.com). We thank Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and California Department of Fish and Game who collected and provided lek data for analyses. Tim Griffiths, SGI National Coordinator, Bozeman, Montana, helped to foster and coordinate this science. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 AR e01208 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1208 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4NS UT WOS:000374895800002 ER PT J AU Facka, AN Lewis, JC Happe, P Jenkins, K Callas, R Powell, RA AF Facka, Aaron N. Lewis, Jeffrey C. Happe, Patricia Jenkins, Kurt Callas, Richard Powell, Roger A. TI Timing of translocation influences birth rate and population dynamics in a forest carnivore SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE California; carnivore; delayed implantation; fisher; life history; Olympic Peninsula; Pekania pennanti; population extinction; reintroduction; reproduction; timing; translocation; Washington ID RABBITS BRACHYLAGUS-IDAHOENSIS; FISHERS MARTES-PENNANTI; REINTRODUCTION BIOLOGY; SPECIES CONSERVATION; WILD RABBITS; STRESS; REPRODUCTION; HABITAT; SUCCESS; SURVIVAL AB Timing can be critical for many life history events of organisms. Consequently, the timing of management activities may affect individuals and populations in numerous and unforeseen ways. Translocations of organisms are used to restore or expand populations but the timing of translocations is largely unexplored as a factor influencing population success. We hypothesized that the process of translocation negatively influences reproductive rates of individuals that are moved just before their birthing season and, therefore, the timing of releases could influence translocation success. Prior to reintroducing fishers (Pekania pennanti) into northern California and onto the Olympic Peninsula of Washington, we predicted that female fishers released in November and December (early) would have a higher probability of giving birth to kits the following March or April than females released in January, February, and March (late), just prior to or during the period of blastocyst implantation and gestation. Over four winters (2008-2011), we translocated 56 adult female fishers that could have given birth in the spring immediately after release. Denning rates, an index of birth rate, for females released early were 92% in California and 38% in Washington. In contrast, denning rates for females released late were 40% and 11%, in California and Washington, a net reduction in denning rate of 66% across both sites. To understand how releasing females nearer to parturition could influence population establishment and persistence, we used stochastic population simulations using three-stage Lefkovitch matrices. These simulations showed that translocating female fishers early had long-term positive influences on the mean population size and on quasi-extinction thresholds compared to populations where females were released late. The results from both empirical data and simulations show that the timing of translocation, with respect to life history events, should be considered during planning of translocations and implemented before the capture, movement, and release of organisms for translocation. C1 [Facka, Aaron N.; Powell, Roger A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Lewis, Jeffrey C.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Happe, Patricia] Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Jenkins, Kurt] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Callas, Richard] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP Facka, AN (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM anfacka@ncsu.edu FU British Columbia Trappers Association; Doris Duke Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society; Washington's National Park Fund; Conservation Northwest; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Makah Tribe FX This research is the result of collaboration between many groups that provided funding, logistic support, and technical assistance. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sierra Pacific Industries, and North Carolina State University are the four key cooperators and are responsible for the reintroduction and the research in California. We acknowledge Deana Clifford for many contributions to the project including feedback on this manuscript and her guidance on health and disease monitoring. We have received, logistical support, trapping support, access to land and other important contributions from the U.S. Forest Service, Timber Products, Fruit Growers Inc., Green Diamond Resource Company, Collins Pine Ltd, the Bureau of Land Management, and Integral Ecology Research Center. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, National Park Service, and U.S. Geological Survey and British Columbia Ministry of Environment were the four key cooperators for the Washington reintroductions. We also received key financial and logistical support from the British Columbia Trappers Association, Doris Duke Foundation, Wildlife Conservation Society, Washington's National Park Fund, Conservation Northwest, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Makah Tribe. We are grateful to Laura Finley, Tom Engstrom, Roland Kays, Nick Haddad, and Rob Dunn whose comments improved an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose input improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 AR e01223 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1223 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4NS UT WOS:000374895800003 ER PT J AU McNamara, DE von Hillebrandt-Andrade, C Saurel, JM Huerfano, V Lynch, L AF McNamara, Daniel E. von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa Saurel, Jean-Marie Huerfano, Victor Lynch, Lloyd TI Quantifying 10 Years of Improved Earthquake-Monitoring Performance in the Caribbean Region SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LESSER ANTILLES; PLATE BOUNDARY; TSUNAMI HAZARD; PUERTO-RICO; SUBDUCTION; SEISMICITY; TECTONICS; LANDSLIDES; HISPANIOLA; FREQUENCY AB Over 75 tsunamis have been documented in the Caribbean and adjacent regions during the past 500 years. Since 1500, at least 4484 people are reported to have perished in these killer waves. Hundreds of thousands are currently threatened along the Caribbean coastlines. Were a great tsunamigenic earthquake to occur in the Caribbean region today, the effects would potentially be catastrophic due to an increasingly vulnerable region that has seen significant population increases in the past 40-50 years and currently hosts an estimated 500,000 daily beach visitors from North America and Europe, a majority of whom are not likely aware of tsunami and earthquake hazards. Following the magnitude 9.1 Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake of 26 December 2004, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Intergovernmental Coordination Group (ICG) for the Tsunami and other Coastal Hazards Early Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (CARIBE-EWS) was established and developed minimum performance standards for the detection and analysis of earthquakes. In this study, we model earthquake-magnitude detection threshold and P-wave detection time and demonstrate that the requirements established by the UNESCO ICG CARIBE-EWS are met with 100% of the network operating. We demonstrate that earthquake-monitoring performance in the Caribbean Sea region has improved significantly in the past decade as the number of real-time seismic stations available to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tsunami warning centers have increased. We also identify weaknesses in the current international network and provide guidance for selecting the optimal distribution of seismic stations contributed from existing real-time broadband national networks in the region. C1 [McNamara, Daniel E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80423 USA. [von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Natl Weather Serv, Caribbean Tsunami Warning Program, 259 Blvd Alfonso Valdes, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Saurel, Jean-Marie] Sorbonne Paris Cite, Inst Phys Globe Paris, F-75238 Paris 05, France. [Huerfano, Victor] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Puerto Rico Seism Network, 259 Blvd Alfonso Valdes, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Lynch, Lloyd] Univ W Indies, Seism Res Ctr, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. RP McNamara, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80423 USA. EM mcnamara@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. The authors thank all seismic network contributors in the region, including R. Pujols (Dominican Republic Seismic Network [DRSN]), G. Romero (Fundacion Venezolana de Investigaciones Sismologicas [FUNVISIS]), Alberto Lopez and Elizabeth Vanacore (University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez/Geology Puerto Rico Seismic Network) and all others. Important contributions were made by C. McCreary (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Pacific Tsunami Warning Center); P. Whitmore (NOAA National Tsunami Warning Center); B. Proenza (NOAA U.S. National Weather Service); P. Earle, G. Hayes, H. Benz, R. Buland, L. Gee, J. Weaver (USGS); B. Aliaga, Diana Patricia Mosquera (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization); and Lorna Inniss. The authors thank J. Braunmiller, an anonymous SRL reviewer, D. Wilson, and J. McCarthy for editorial and critical reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1785/0220150095 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PG UT WOS:000375045700003 ER PT J AU Ringler, AT Steim, JM van Zandt, T Hutt, CR Wilson, DC Storm, TL AF Ringler, A. T. Steim, J. M. van Zandt, T. Hutt, C. R. Wilson, D. C. Storm, T. L. TI Potential Improvements in Horizontal Very Broadband Seismic Data in the IRIS/USGS Component of the Global Seismic Network SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEISMOGRAPHIC NETWORK; NOISE; SEISMOMETER; RESTORATION; STATION; DESIGN; EARTH AB The Streckeisen STS-1 has been the primary vault-type seismometer used in the over-150-station Global Seismographic Network (GSN). This sensor has long been known for its outstanding vertical, very long-period (e.g., > 100 s period), and low-noise performance, although the horizontal long-period noise performance is less well known. The STS-1 is a limited, important resource, because it is no longer made or supported by the original manufacturer. We investigate the incoherent noise of horizontal-component sensors, where coherent signals among sensors have been removed, giving an upper bound on the self-noise of both the STS-1 and STS-2 horizontal components. Our findings suggest that a well-installed STS-2 could potentially produce data with similar or better incoherent noise levels to that of a horizontal-component STS-1. Along with our experimental investigation, we compare background noise levels for a calendar year at Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology/U.S. Geological Survey network stations, which comprise approximately two-thirds of the GSN, with collocated STS-1 and STS-2 seismometers. The use of an STS-2-class of sensor (flat to velocity to 120 s period) to acquire low-frequency data in surface-vault installations would allow network operators to focus more attention on improving vertical data. In order to deal with the difference in instrument response shapes between the two instruments, we detail two different time-domain filters that would allow users to convert broadband STS-2 data into very broadband data with a response similar to that of an STS-1 (flat to velocity to 360 s period). We conclude that the complexity of the current primary horizontal vault sensors in the GSN may not be necessary until we are better able to isolate surface horizontal sensors from various noise sources. C1 [Ringler, A. T.; Hutt, C. R.; Wilson, D. C.; Storm, T. L.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Steim, J. M.] Quanterra Inc, 2 Shaker Rd F200, Shirley, MA 01464 USA. [van Zandt, T.] Metrozet LLC, 222 Vista Ave, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. RP Ringler, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. EM aringler@usgs.gov FU Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience and EarthScope (SAGE) Proposal of the National Science Foundation [EAR-1261681] FX We thank Lind S. Gee and Benjamin Marshall for helpful discussions on the utility of data conversion. We thank Peggy Hellweg for providing us a number of references. We thank Carl Ebeling, Daniel McNamara, Zhigang Peng, Janet Slate, and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing this article, which ultimately helped in the presentation. We thank Bob Woodward for encouraging us to consider other approaches to long-period seismology. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Global Seismographic Network (GSN) is a cooperative scientific facility operated jointly by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), the U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Science Foundation (NSF), under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681. The facilities of IRIS Data Services, and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center, were used for access to waveforms, related metadata, and/or derived products used in this study. IRIS Data Services are funded through the Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience and EarthScope (SAGE) Proposal of the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1785/0220150181 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PG UT WOS:000375045700008 ER PT J AU Wein, A Potter, S Johal, S Doyle, E Becker, J AF Wein, Anne Potter, Sally Johal, Sarb Doyle, Emma Becker, Julia TI Communicating with the Public during an Earthquake Sequence: Improving Communication of Geoscience by Coordinating Roles SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; DISASTER; STYLES; RISK AB After a large earthquake, geoscience agencies deliver information to public audiences about earthquakes that have recently occurred and aftershock forecasts about what might happen. We conducted focus groups and interviews about geoscience communications during the 2010-2012 earthquake sequence in Christchurch, New Zealand. Recorded experiences contain information about the public's appetite for scientific earthquake and aftershock information, psychological and psychosocial states that affect communications, increased demands for geoscientists' time and expertise, and multiple communication roles and responsibilities during the Canterbury earthquake sequence. Results of a preliminary analysis reveal that public consumption of geoscience information changes throughout the sequence and differs with respect to ways of coping. We confirm the need to accompany earthquake information with advice on protective actions, psychosocial support, and self-care strategies but find it necessary to distinguish between crisis and risk communication regarding the balance of these types of information; initially, people are more focused on the crisis than the science. We conclude that when geoscientists are planning and preparing to communicate during an earthquake sequence, they may be able to more effectively utilize their resources if they (1) appreciate the complexity of psychosocial aspects affecting communication of earthquake information and aftershock forecasts and are trained to communicate with compassion and refer to qualified sources, (2) understand diverse and evolving needs within the public for scientific information and prepare ahead for challenges that reduce attention to aftershock forecasts, and (3) understand the benefits of coordinating communication roles and develop relationships with other responding agencies (e.g., health and welfare, emergency management). It appears that clarifying the communication roles and responsibilities of responding agencies and integrating messages into joint statements is where crucial effort is needed. As such, geoscience communications can be improved by coordinating geoscience, emergency management, and mental health messaging ahead of time and practicing these communications during moderate earthquake events, scenario planning, and exercises with earthquake sequences. C1 [Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Pacific Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Potter, Sally; Johal, Sarb; Doyle, Emma; Becker, Julia] GNS Sci, Joint Ctr Disaster Res, 1 Fairway Dr, Avalon, New Zealand. [Potter, Sally; Johal, Sarb; Doyle, Emma; Becker, Julia] Massey Univ, 1 Fairway Dr, Avalon, New Zealand. RP Wein, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM awein@usgs.gov FU New Zealand Government; USGS Land Change Science program; New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology Postdoctoral Fellowship [MAUX0910]; Earthquake Commission (EQC); GNS Science FX We express our gratitude to all study participants for engaging in our research and to Jamie Ratliff and Bianca Jensen for assisting with transcript coding. Kelvin Berryman from GNS Science checked for consistency between his communication experiences and our interpretations of recorded experiences. The manuscript was improved by insightful questions and comments received from Sue Perry and Andy Michael (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS]) and two journal reviewers. This research was supported by the New Zealand Government-funded Natural Hazards Research Platform, and the USGS Land Change Science program. E. D. was supported by the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology Postdoctoral Fellowship MAUX0910 2010-2014 and funding from the Earthquake Commission (EQC) and GNS Science 2014-2016. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1785/0220150113 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PG UT WOS:000375045700011 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Page, M AF Hough, Susan E. Page, Morgan TI The Petroleum Geologist and the Insurance Policy SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRIGGERED EARTHQUAKES; INJECTION; SEISMICITY; INCREASE AB In a recent study, Hough and Page (2015) presented several lines of evidence suggesting that most of the significant earthquakes in Oklahoma during the twentieth century, including the M-w 5.7 El Reno earthquake of 9 April 1952, were likely induced by wastewater injection and possibly secondary oil recovery operations. We undertook an archival search for accounts of this event, which unearthed a newspaper article published immediately following the El Reno earthquake regarding a prominent petroleum geologist in the area who took out a rare earthquake insurance policy less than 60 days before the earthquake struck. In this study we present a historical context for this intriguing coincidence. We present a retrospective of oil industry practices in the early-to mid-twentieth century, gleaned from court records and other industry reports, that potentially bear on the interplay between oil exploration activities and earthquakes, focusing on the Oklahoma City region. We describe events of the day that could plausibly have alerted a geologist to the possibility of induced earthquakes, although there is no indication that the potential for induced earthquakes was widely recognized within the industry at that time. C1 [Hough, Susan E.; Page, Morgan] US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1785/0220150218 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PG UT WOS:000375045700019 ER PT J AU West, ME Haeussler, PJ Ruppert, NA Freymueller, JT AF West, Michael E. Haeussler, Peter J. Ruppert, Natalia A. Freymueller, Jeffrey T. TI Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake Matters 50 Years Later SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [West, Michael E.; Ruppert, Natalia A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Earthquake Ctr, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Freymueller, Jeffrey T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Freymueller, Jeffrey T.] Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Alaska Seism Hazards Safety Commiss, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP West, ME; Ruppert, NA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Earthquake Ctr, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Haeussler, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Freymueller, JT (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Freymueller, JT (reprint author), Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Alaska Seism Hazards Safety Commiss, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM mewest@alaska.edu; pheuslr@usgs.gov; natasha@giseis.alaska.edu; jeff.freymueller@gi.alaska.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 DI 10.1785/0220140020 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PG UT WOS:000375045700026 ER PT J AU Schroeder, SA Fulton, DC DonCarlos, K AF Schroeder, Susan A. Fulton, David C. DonCarlos, Kathy TI Clarifying Beliefs Underlying Hunter Intentions to Support a Ban on Lead Shot SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Attitudes; beliefs; hunting; intentions; lead shot; small game ID REASONED ACTION; NATIONAL-PARK; ATTITUDES AB Shot from hunting adds toxic lead to environments worldwide. Existing lead shot regulations have been instituted with little understanding of hunter beliefs and attitudes. This study applied the Theory of Reasoned Action, using a multilevel, multivariate approach, to clarify how positive and negative beliefs relate to attitudes about a ban on lead shot. Structure coefficients and commonality analysis were employed to further examine relationships between beliefs and attitudes. Results suggest that while both positive and negative outcomes influence attitudes, positive outcomes were more influential for supporters and negative beliefs for opposers. Management may need to focus on the results from hunters who indicated that they would be unlikely to support a ban, as these hunters include those who may actively oppose additional efforts to regulate lead. C1 [Schroeder, Susan A.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [DonCarlos, Kathy] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, St Paul, MN USA. RP Schroeder, SA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sas@umn.edu FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources FX We acknowledge the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for supporting this study through funding provided to the University of Minnesota. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2016 VL 29 IS 7 BP 852 EP 867 DI 10.1080/08941920.2015.1107792 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA DK5YP UT WOS:000374997500007 ER PT J AU Romeyn, TR Harijanto, W Sandoval, S Delagah, S Sharbatmaleki, M AF Romeyn, Travis R. Harijanto, Wesley Sandoval, Sofia Delagah, Saied Sharbatmaleki, Mohamadali TI Contaminants of emerging concern in reverse osmosis brine concentrate from indirect/direct water reuse applications SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brine treatment; contaminants of emerging concern; reverse osmosis; reverse osmosis brine; reverse osmosis concentrate; water reuse ID MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; DRINKING-WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS; REMOVAL; RECLAMATION; EFFLUENTS; OZONE AB Water shortage is becoming more common due to droughts and global population increases resulting in the increasing popularity of water reuse to create new water sources. Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane systems are popular in these applications since they can produce drinking water quality effluent. Unfortunately, RO systems have the drawback of generating concentrate streams that contain contaminants rejected by the membrane including chemicals of emerging concern (CECs). CECs are chemicals such as hormones, steroids, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products that are used for their intended purpose and then released into wastewater. CECs are believed to be detrimental to aquatic wildlife health and pose an unknown human health risk. This research gathered the existing knowledge on CEC presence in concentrate, available proven concentrate treatment methods, their CEC removal abilities, and current CEC regulations. It was found that 127 CECs have been measured in RO concentrate with 100 being detected at least once. The most potent treatment process available is UV/H2O2 as it offers the highest removal rates for the widest range of chemicals. The less expensive process of ozone/biologically activated carbon offers slightly lower removal abilities. This comprehensive report will provide the groundwork for better understanding, regulating and treating concentrate stream CECs. C1 [Romeyn, Travis R.; Harijanto, Wesley; Sandoval, Sofia; Sharbatmaleki, Mohamadali] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, 3801 West Temple Ave, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Delagah, Saied] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bur Reclamat, POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Romeyn, TR (reprint author), Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, 3801 West Temple Ave, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. EM travis.romeyn@gmail.com FU Bureau of Reclamation; California Polytechnic University, Pomona; Skanska USA Civil FX The authors would like to extend a special thank you to Jon Reynolds, PE, Krieger & Stewart, Incorporated; Dr Bruce Mansell, PE, California Polytechnic University, Pomona, Los Angeles County Sanitation District; Dr Monica Palomo, PE, California Polytechnic University, Pomona; and Steve Agor, PE, Skanska USA Civil. This work would not be possible without the support of the Bureau of Reclamation, California Polytechnic University, Pomona, and Skanska USA Civil. A very special thank you is also extended to Russ and Marilyn Romeyn for their support throughout the entire course of this research. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 24 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 EI 1996-9732 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 2 BP 236 EP 250 DI 10.2166/wst.2015.480 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DJ7MJ UT WOS:000374395200002 PM 26819378 ER PT J AU Hodge, BW Wilzbach, MA Duffy, WG Quinones, RM Hobbs, JA AF Hodge, Brian W. Wilzbach, Margaret A. Duffy, Walter G. Quinones, Rebecca M. Hobbs, James A. TI Life History Diversity in Klamath River Steelhead SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; SYMPATRIC RESIDENT; MIGRATORY HISTORY; MATING SYSTEM; PACIFIC RIM; DAM REMOVAL; BROWN TROUT; ELWHA RIVER AB Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibits a vast array of life histories, which increases its likelihood of persistence by spreading risk of extirpation among different pathways. The Klamath River basin (California-Oregon) provides a particularly interesting backdrop for the study of life history diversity in O. mykiss, in part because the river is slated for a historic and potentially influential dam removal and habitat recolonization project. We used scale and otolith strontium isotope (Sr-87/Sr-86) analyses to characterize life history diversity in wild O. mykiss from the lower Klamath River basin. We also determined maternal origin (anadromous or nonanadromous) and migratory history (anadromous or nonanadromous) of O. mykiss and compared length and fecundity at age between anadromous (steelhead) and nonanadromous (Rainbow Trout) phenotypes of O. mykiss. We identified a total of 38 life history categories at maturity, which differed in duration of freshwater and ocean rearing, age at maturation, and incidence of repeat spawning. Approximately 10% of adult fish sampled were nonanadromous. Rainbow Trout generally grew faster in freshwater than juvenile steelhead; however, ocean growth afforded adult steelhead greater length and fecundity than adult Rainbow Trout. Although 75% of individuals followed the migratory path of their mother, steelhead produced nonanadromous progeny and Rainbow Trout produced anadromous progeny. Overall, we observed a highly diverse array of life histories among Klamath River O. mykiss. While this diversity should increase population resilience, recent declines in the abundance of Klamath River steelhead suggest that life history diversity alone is not sufficient to stabilize a population. Our finding that steelhead and Rainbow Trout give rise to progeny of the alternate form (1) suggests that dam removal might lead to a facultatively anadromous O. mykiss population in the upper basin and (2) raises the question of whether both forms of O. mykiss in the Klamath River should be managed under the same strategy. C1 [Hodge, Brian W.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wilzbach, Margaret A.; Duffy, Walter G.] Humboldt State Univ, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Quinones, Rebecca M.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hobbs, James A.] Univ Calif Davis, Interdisciplinary Ctr Inductively Coupled Plasma, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hodge, Brian W.] Trout Unlimited, POB 771233, Steamboat Springs, CO 80477 USA. RP Hodge, BW (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.; Hodge, BW (reprint author), Trout Unlimited, POB 771233, Steamboat Springs, CO 80477 USA. EM bhodge@tu.org FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife; Marin Rod and Gun Club FX We thank J. McMillan, D. Ward, and three anonymous individuals for manuscript review; E. Bjorkstedt and E. Loudenslager for suggestions that improved the study design; and B. Bearding, W. Johnson, C. Anderson, M. Barrett, T. Soto, M. Peterson, B. Poxon, R. Slezak, T. Jones, M. Ashenfelter, C. Adams, and M. Reber for assistance with hook-and-line sampling. We also thank J. Hopelain, L. Borgerson, and B. Jong for guidance regarding scale pattern interpretation; B. Chesney for coordinating water sample collection; R. Records and M. Mayfield for GIS support; and W. Sinnen, M. Knechtle, and M. Pisano for their cooperation in sampling at weir trapping facilities. Funding was provided by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and by the Marin Rod and Gun Club. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 2 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1111257 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ6LE UT WOS:000374323600001 ER PT J AU Casazza, ML Overton, CT Bui, TVD Hull, JM Albertson, JD Bloom, VK Bobzien, S McBroom, J Latta, M Olofson, P Rohmer, TM Schwarzbach, S Strong, DR Grijalva, E Wood, JK Skalos, SM Takekawa, J AF Casazza, Michael L. Overton, Cory T. Bui, Thuy-Vy D. Hull, Joshua M. Albertson, Joy D. Bloom, Valary K. Bobzien, Steven McBroom, Jennifer Latta, Marilyn Olofson, Peggy Rohmer, Tobias M. Schwarzbach, Steven Strong, Donald R. Grijalva, Erik Wood, Julian K. Skalos, Shannon M. Takekawa, John TI Endangered species management and ecosystem restoration: finding the common ground SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem; endangered; restoration; California Ridgway's Rail; Spartina ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CALIFORNIA CLAPPER RAILS; RALLUS-LONGIROSTRIS-OBSOLETUS; CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; RIPARIAN RESTORATION; TAMARISK BIOCONTROL; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; COLORADO RIVER AB Management actions to protect endangered species and conserve ecosystem function may not always be in precise alignment. Efforts to recover the California Ridgway's Rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus; hereafter, California rail), a federally and state-listed species, and restoration of tidal marsh ecosystems in the San Francisco Bay estuary provide a prime example of habitat restoration that has conflicted with species conservation. On the brink of extinction from habitat loss and degradation, and non-native predators in the 1990s, California rail populations responded positively to introduction of a non-native plant, Atlantic cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). California rail populations were in substantial decline when the non-native Spartina was initially introduced as part of efforts to recover tidal marshes. Subsequent hybridization with the native Pacific cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) boosted California rail populations by providing greater cover and increased habitat area. The hybrid cordgrass (S. alterniflora x S. foliosa) readily invaded tidal mudflats and channels, and both crowded out native tidal marsh plants and increased sediment accretion in the marsh plain. This resulted in modification of tidal marsh geomorphology, hydrology, productivity, and species composition. Our results show that denser California rail populations occur in invasive Spartina than in native Spartina in San Francisco Bay. Herbicide treatment between 2005 and 2012 removed invasive Spartina from open intertidal mud and preserved foraging habitat for shorebirds. However, removal of invasive Spartina caused substantial decreases in California rail populations. Unknown facets of California rail ecology, undesirable interim stages of tidal marsh restoration, and competing management objectives among stakeholders resulted in management planning for endangered species or ecosystem restoration that favored one goal over the other. We have examined this perceived conflict and propose strategies for moderating harmful effects of restoration while meeting the needs of both endangered species and the imperiled native marsh ecosystem. C1 [Casazza, Michael L.; Overton, Cory T.; Bui, Thuy-Vy D.; Schwarzbach, Steven; Skalos, Shannon M.] US Geol Survey, Bernards, NJ 07920 USA. [Hull, Joshua M.; Albertson, Joy D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Harding Township, NJ USA. [Hull, Joshua M.; Grijalva, Erik] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Bloom, Valary K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Recovery Branch, Harding Township, NJ USA. [Bobzien, Steven] East Bay Reg Pk Dist, Oakland, CA USA. [McBroom, Jennifer; Rohmer, Tobias M.] Invas Spartina Project, Oakland, CA USA. [Latta, Marilyn] Calif State Coastal Conservancy, Oakland, CA USA. [Olofson, Peggy] San Francisco Estuary Invas Spartina Project, San Francisco, CA USA. [Rohmer, Tobias M.] Olofson Environm Inc, Oakland, CA USA. [Strong, Donald R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA USA. [Wood, Julian K.] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Petaluma, GA USA. [Takekawa, John] Natl Audubon Soc, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Casazza, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Bernards, NJ 07920 USA. OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Invasive Spartina Project; USFWS Coastal Program; USFWS Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Office FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) joint Science Support Program and Quick Response Program, the Invasive Spartina Project, USFWS Coastal Program, and USFWS Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Office. Ridgeway's Rail studies were permitted under USFWS endangered species permit TE-020548, California Department of Fish and Game Memorandum of Understanding and scientific collecting permits, USGS Bird Banding Laboratory permit 21142, and the USGS Western Ecological Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 125 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 23 U2 33 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2016 VL 21 IS 1 AR 19 DI 10.5751/ES-08134-210119 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DJ1AI UT WOS:000373935100021 ER PT J AU Luizza, MW Wakie, T Evangelista, PH Jarnevich, CS AF Luizza, Matthew W. Wakie, Tewodros Evangelista, Paul H. Jarnevich, Catherine S. TI Integrating local pastoral knowledge, participatory mapping, and species distribution modeling for risk assessment of invasive rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) in Ethiopia's Afar region SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Afar region; citizen science; Cryptostegia grandiflora; Ethiopia; invasive species; local ecological knowledge; Maxent; participatory mapping; pastoral livelihoods; risk assessment; rubber vine; species distribution modeling ID TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; HABITAT SUITABILITY; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SAMPLE-SIZE; PLANT; MANAGEMENT; AWASH AB The threats posed by invasive plants span ecosystems and economies worldwide. Local knowledge of biological invasions has proven beneficial for invasive species research, but to date no work has integrated this knowledge with species distribution modeling for invasion risk assessments. In this study, we integrated pastoral knowledge with Maxent modeling to assess the suitable habitat and potential impacts of invasive Cryptostegia grandiflora Robx. Ex R. Br. (rubber vine) in Ethiopia's Afar region. We conducted focus groups with seven villages across the Amibara and Awash-Fentale districts. Pastoral knowledge revealed the growing threat of rubber vine, which to date has received limited attention in Ethiopia, and whose presence in Afar was previously unknown to our team. Rubber vine occurrence points were collected in the field with pastoralists and processed in Maxent with MODIS-derived vegetation indices, topographic data, and anthropogenic variables. We tested model fit using a jackknife procedure and validated the final model with an independent occurrence data set collected through participatory mapping activities with pastoralists. A Multivariate Environmental Similarity Surface analysis revealed areas with novel environmental conditions for future targeted surveys. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and showed good fit across the jackknife models (average AUC = 0.80) and the final model (test AUC = 0.96). Our results reveal the growing threat rubber vine poses to Afar, with suitable habitat extending downstream of its current known location in the middle Awash River basin. Local pastoral knowledge provided important context for its rapid expansion due to acute changes in seasonality and habitat alteration, in addition to threats posed to numerous endemic tree species that provide critical provisioning ecosystem services. This work demonstrates the utility of integrating local ecological knowledge with species distribution modeling for early detection and targeted surveying of recently established invasive species. C1 [Luizza, Matthew W.; Wakie, Tewodros; Evangelista, Paul H.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Tulsa, OK USA. RP Luizza, MW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU National Needs Fellowship program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation FX This study was conducted through the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Collins Science Center. Funding for this research was provided by the National Needs Fellowship program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Science Foundation. We would like to thank all of the pastoral communities that participated in this study, for contributing their detailed knowledge of the landscape. Special thanks to Seyed Mohammed whose tireless efforts and constant humor, in addition to his contributions as guide, translator, and research assistant, were invaluable to the success of this project. Additional thanks to the two anonymous reviewers, journal editors, and Daniel Manier from the USGS Fort Collins Science Center who provided valuable comments and discussion that have greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or Colorado State University. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 16 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2016 VL 21 IS 1 AR 22 DI 10.5751/ES-07988-210122 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DJ1AI UT WOS:000373935100009 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Caprio, AC Stephenson, NL Das, AJ AF van Mantgem, Phillip J. Caprio, Anthony C. Stephenson, Nathan L. Das, Adrian J. TI DOES PRESCRIBED FIRE PROMOTE RESISTANCE TO DROUGHT IN LOW ELEVATION FORESTS OF THE SIERRA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, USA? SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought; fire effects; forest management; prescribed fire; Sierra Nevada; tree mortality ID FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; NORTH-AMERICAN FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE MORTALITY-RATES; MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATE FOREST; BARK BEETLES; DIE-OFF; RESTORATION AB Prescribed fire is a primary tool used to restore western forests following more than a century of fire exclusion, reducing fire hazard by removing dead and live fuels (small trees and shrubs). It is commonly assumed that the reduced forest density following prescribed fire also reduces competition for resources among the remaining trees, so that the remaining trees are more resistant (more likely to survive) in the face of additional stressors, such as drought. Yet this proposition remains largely untested, so that managers do not have the basic information to evaluate whether prescribed fire may help forests adapt to a future of more frequent and severe drought. During the third year of drought, in 2014, we surveyed 9950 trees in 38 burned and 18 unburned mixed conifer forest plots at low elevation (< 2100 m a.s.l.) in Kings Canyon, Sequoia, and Yosemite national parks in California, USA. Fire had occurred in the burned plots from 6 yr to 28 yr be-fore our survey. After accounting for differences in individual tree diameter, common conifer species found in the burned plots had significantly reduced probability of mortality compared to unburned plots during the drought. Stand density (stems ha(-1)) was significantly lower in burned versus unburned sites, supporting the idea that reduced competition may be responsible for the differential drought mortality response. At the time of writing, we are not sure if burned stands will maintain lower tree mortality probabilities in the face of the continued, severe drought of 2015. Future work should aim to better identify drought response mechanisms and how these may vary across other forest types and regions, particularly in other areas experiencing severe drought in the Sierra Nevada and on the Colorado Plateau. C1 [van Mantgem, Phillip J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Caprio, Anthony C.] Natl Pk Serv, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, 47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.; Das, Adrian J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; US Geological Survey Southwest Climate Science Center FX We thank the many field crews who collected and organized the forest plot data. P. Moore, J. Yee, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This project was partially supported by the National Park Service and the US Geological Survey Southwest Climate Science Center. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 21 U2 27 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.4996/fireecology.1201013 PG 13 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DJ3QJ UT WOS:000374120400003 ER PT J AU Rangoonwala, A Enwright, NM Ramsey, E Spruce, JP AF Rangoonwala, Amina Enwright, Nicholas M. Ramsey, Elijah, III Spruce, Joseph P. TI Radar and optical mapping of surge persistence and marsh dieback along the New Jersey Mid-Atlantic coast after Hurricane Sandy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; IMAGERY; FLOOD; INUNDATION; WETLANDS; IMPACT; MODIS AB This study combined a radar-based time series of Hurricane Sandy surge and estimated persistence with optical sensor-based marsh condition change to assess potential causal linkages of surge persistence and marsh condition change along the New Jersey Atlantic Ocean coast. Results based on processed TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images indicated that surge flooding persisted for 12 h past landfall in marshes from Great Bay to Great Egg Harbor Bay and up to 59 h after landfall in many back-barrier lagoon marshes. Marsh condition change (i.e. loss of green marsh vegetation) was assessed from optical satellite images (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) collected before and after Hurricane Sandy. High change in condition often showed spatial correspondence, with high surge persistence in marsh surrounding the lagoon portion of Great Bay, while in contrast, low change and high persistence spatial correspondence dominated the interior marshes of the Great Bay and Great Egg Harbor Bay estuaries. Salinity measurements suggest that these areas were influenced by freshwater discharges after landfall possibly mitigating damage. Back-barrier marshes outside these regions exhibited mixed correspondences. In some cases, topographic features supporting longer surge persistence suggested that non-correspondence between radar and optical data-based results may be due to differential resilience; however, in many cases, reference information was lacking to determine a reason for non-correspondence. C1 [Rangoonwala, Amina; Enwright, Nicholas M.; Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Spruce, Joseph P.] Comp Sci Corp, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Oxford, MS USA. RP Rangoonwala, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov OI Enwright, Nicholas/0000-0002-7887-3261 FU US Geological Survey Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Funds [AE03FBK, GX13SC00FBK]; German Aerospace Center (DLR) [COA2070] FX This work was supported by US Geological Survey Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Funds (AE03FBK, GX13SC00FBK). Access to TerraSAR-X data was provided through a grant (COA2070) from the German Aerospace Center (DLR). NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1692 EP 1713 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1163748 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DJ1TI UT WOS:000373986700012 ER PT J AU Li, MN Li, CC Jiang, H Fang, CY Yang, J Zhu, ZL Shi, L Liu, SR Gong, P AF Li, Mengna Li, Congcong Jiang, Hong Fang, Chengyuan Yang, Jun Zhu, Zhiliang Shi, Lei Liu, Shirong Gong, Peng TI Tracking bamboo dynamics in Zhejiang, China, using time-series of Landsat data from 1990 to 2014 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFICATION; COVER CLASSIFICATION; ACCURACY; UNCERTAINTY; IMAGERY; SEQUESTRATION; ELEVATION; BIOMASS; IMPACT; AREA AB Bamboo is an important vegetation type and provides a number of critical ecosystem services. Reliable and consistent information on bamboo distribution is required to better estimate its effect on climate change mitigation and socio-economic development. However, such information is rare over a large spatial area. In this study, we evaluate the contribution of different features in the identification of bamboo stands and determine a more discriminative set of features. We propose a bamboo mapping system including feature extraction and feature selection and derive the long-term trends of bamboo distribution in Zhejiang Province, China, using time-series of Landsat data from 1990 to 2014, with an increment of 5 years (1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014). The resultant maps of bamboo in the six epochs were evaluated using independent validation samples. The overall accuracies (OAs) of all six epochs range from 85.9% to 90.7%. We found that bamboo distribution in Zhejiang substantially increased from 1990 to 2014, particularly during the 2000s. Based on the produced maps, the area of bamboo in this region increased from 5363 +/- 490 km(2) in 1990 to 11671 +/- 653 km(2) in 2014, which is consistent with the National Forest Resource Inventory (NFRI) data. Our study demonstrates the capability of time-series of Landsat data for continuous monitoring of bamboo at a large spatial scale. C1 [Li, Mengna; Gong, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Li, Congcong; Yang, Jun; Gong, Peng] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Edu, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modelling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Hong; Fang, Chengyuan] Zhejiang Agr & Forest Univ, Nurturing Stn State Key Lab Subtrop Silviculture, Linan, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Shi, Lei; Liu, Shirong] State Forestry Adm Peoples Republ China, Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Gong, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM penggong@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn FU Meteorological Public Benefit project of China [GYHY201506010] FX This research was funded by a Meteorological Public Benefit project of China [grant number: GYHY201506010]. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1714 EP 1729 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1165885 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DJ1TI UT WOS:000373986700013 ER PT J AU Wilson, JL Schumacher, JG Burken, JG AF Wilson, Jordan L. Schumacher, John G. Burken, Joel G. TI Persistence and Microbial Source Tracking of Escherichia coli at a Swimming Beach at Lake of the Ozarks State Park, Missouri SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE microbial source tracking; environmental indicators; E. coli; public health; lakes; monitoring ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; REAL-TIME PCR; FECAL POLLUTION; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; BAY AB The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) has closed or posted advisories at public beaches at Lake of the Ozarks State Park in Missouri because of Escherichia coli (E.coli) concentration exceedances in recent years. Spatial and temporal patterns of E.coli concentrations, microbial source tracking, novel sampling techniques, and beach-use patterns were studied during the 2012 recreational season to identify possible sources, origins, and occurrence of E.coli contamination at Grand Glaize Beach (GGB). Results indicate an important source of E.coli contamination at GGB was E.coli released into the water column by bathers resuspending avian-contaminated sediments, especially during high-use days early in the recreational season. Escherichia coli concentrations in water, sediment, and resuspended sediment samples all decreased throughout the recreational season likely because of decreasing lake levels resulting in sampling locations receding away from the initial spring shoreline as well as natural decay and physical transport out of the cove. Weekly MDNR beach monitoring, based solely on E.coli concentrations, at GGB during this study inaccurately predicted E.coli exceedances, especially on weekends and holidays. Interestingly, E.coli of human origin were measured at concentrations indicative of raw sewage in runoff from an excavation of a nearby abandoned septic tank that had not been used for nearly two years. C1 [Wilson, Jordan L.; Schumacher, John G.] US Geol Survey, Hydrol Invest Sect, Missouri Water Sci Ctr, 1400 Independence Rd,Mail Stop 100, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Burken, Joel G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Wilson, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hydrol Invest Sect, Missouri Water Sci Ctr, 1400 Independence Rd,Mail Stop 100, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM jlwilson@usgs.gov FU MDNR; USGS FX Joint funding for this project was provided by the MDNR and the USGS. The authors thank Bill Arnold and staff at the MDNR at Lake of the Ozarks State Park and marina operators at Grand Glaize Beach for giving access to facilities and assisting with logistics for the project. The authors also thank Ben Rivers, Suzanne Femmer, Paul Brenden, and Kasey Marshall at the USGS MWSC for help collecting data and Matt Limmer at the University of Delaware for help with statistical analysis. Special thanks to Jim Divincen and other members of the Four County Wastewater Task Force and the Lake of the Ozarks Watershed Alliance for their logistical support in access to remote sampling sites. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 2 BP 508 EP 522 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12404 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DI9FZ UT WOS:000373808800016 ER PT S AU Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS AF Germino, Matthew J. Chambers, Jeanne C. Brown, Cynthia S. BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Introduction: Exotic Annual Bromus in the Western USA SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter DE Resistance; Resilience; Exotic annual Bromus grasses; Western USA ID GRASS-FIRE CYCLE; NORTH-AMERICA; RESILIENCE; INVASION; RESISTANCE AB The spread and impacts of exotic species are unambiguous, global threats to many ecosystems. A prominent example is the suite of annual grasses in the Bromus genus (Bromus hereafter) that originate from Europe and Eurasia but have invaded or are invading large areas of the Western USA. This book brings a diverse, multidisciplinary group of authors together to synthesize current knowledge, research needs, and management implications for Bromus. Exotic plant invasions are multifaceted problems, and understanding and managing them requires the biological, ecological, sociological, and economic perspectives that are integrated in this book. Knowing how well information from one geographic or environmental setting can transfer to another is a key need for broadly distributed Bromus species especially given ongoing climate change. Thus, the chapters in the book compare and contrast invasibility of different ecoregions and invasiveness of different Bromus species. A universal theme is managing for ecosystems that are resilient to disturbance and resistant to invasion which will be essential for adaptation to the human-caused problem of Bromus in the Western USA. C1 [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Germino, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mgermino@usgs.gov; jchambers@fs.fed.us; cynthia.s.brown@colostate.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000001 ER PT S AU Brooks, ML Brown, CS Chambers, JC D'Antonio, CM Keeley, JE Belnap, J AF Brooks, Matthew L. Brown, Cynthia S. Chambers, Jeanne C. D'Antonio, Carla M. Keeley, Jon E. Belnap, Jayne BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Exotic Annual Bromus Invasions: Comparisons Among Species and Ecoregions in the Western United States SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Fire; Resilience; Resistance; Management; Moisture regime; Temperature regime ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUST; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; BURNING JAPANESE BROME; PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; ALIEN ANNUAL PLANTS; MOJAVE DESERT; LONG-TERM AB Exotic annual Bromus species are widely recognized for their potential to invade, dominate, and alter the structure and function of ecosystems. In this chapter, we summarize the invasion potential, ecosystem threats, and management strategies for different Bromus species within each of five ecoregions of the western United States. We characterize invasion potential and threats in terms of ecosystem resistance to Bromus invasion and ecosystem resilience to disturbance with an emphasis on the importance of fire regimes. We also explain how soil temperature and moisture regimes can be linked to patterns of resistance and resilience and provide a conceptual framework that can be used to evaluate the relative potential for invasion and ecological impact of the dominant exotic annual Bromus species in the western United States. C1 [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagri Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [D'Antonio, Carla M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Environm Studies Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. EM matt_brooks@usgs.gov; cynthia.s.brown@colostate.edu; jchambers@fs.fed.us; dantonio@es.ucsb.edu; jon_keeley@usgs.gov; jayne_belnap@usgs.gov NR 227 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 11 EP 60 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 50 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000002 ER PT S AU Germino, MJ Belnap, J Stark, JM Allen, EB Rau, BM AF Germino, Matthew J. Belnap, Jayne Stark, John M. Allen, Edith B. Rau, Benjamin M. BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Ecosystem Impacts of Exotic Annual Invaders in the Genus Bromus SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Bromus; Annual exotic grasses; Ecosystems; Desertification; Feedbacks ID ALTERS NITROGEN DYNAMICS; STEPPE PLANT-COMMUNITIES; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; TECTORUM L. INVASION; COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; GREAT-BASIN DESERT; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; ANNUAL GRASS; MOJAVE DESERT; GROUND-SQUIRRELS AB An understanding of the impacts of exotic plant species on ecosystems is necessary to justify and guide efforts to limit their spread, restore natives, and plan for conservation. Invasive annual grasses such as Bromus tectorum, B. rubens, B. hordeaceus, and B. diandrus (hereafter collectively referred to as Bromus) transform the structure and function of ecosystems they dominate. Experiments that prove cause-and-effect impacts of Bromus are rare, yet inferences can be gleaned from the combination of Bromus-ecosystem associations, ecosystem condition before/after invasion, and an understanding of underlying mechanisms. Bromus typically establishes in bare soil patches and can eventually replace perennials such as woody species or bunchgrasses, creating a homogeneous annual cover. Plant productivity and cover are less stable across seasons and years when Bromus dominates, due to a greater response to annual climate variability. Bromus' "flash" of growth followed by senescence early in the growing season, combined with shallow rooting and annual habit, may lead to incomplete use of deep soil water, reduced C sequestration, and accelerated nutrient cycling. Litter produced by Bromus alters nearly all aspects of ecosystems and notably increases wildfire occurrence. Where Bromus has become dominant, it can decrease soil stability by rendering soils bare for months following fire or episodic, pathogen-induced stand failure. Bromus-invaded communities have lower species diversity, and associated species tend to be generalists adapted to unstable and variable habitats. Changes in litter, fire, and soil properties appear to feedback to reinforce Bromus' dominance in a pattern that portends desertification. C1 [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Stark, John M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Stark, John M.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA USA. [Rau, Benjamin M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Germino, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mgermino@usgs.gov; jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; jstark@biology.usu.edu; edith.allen@ucr.edu; benjaminmrau@fs.fed.us NR 166 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 61 EP 95 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 35 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000003 ER PT S AU Belnap, J Stark, JM Rau, BM Allen, EB Phillips, S AF Belnap, Jayne Stark, John M. Rau, Benjamin M. Allen, Edith B. Phillips, Susan BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Soil Moisture and Biogeochemical Factors Influence the Distribution of Annual Bromus Species SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Climate; Geomorphology; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Soils ID SEMIARID SAGEBRUSH SITE; GREAT-BASIN VEGETATION; SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; EXOTIC PLANT INVASION; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; TECTORUM INVASION; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; CHEATGRASS INVASION AB Abiotic factors have a strong influence on where annual Bromus species are found. At the large regional scale, temperature and precipitation extremes determine the boundaries of Bromus occurrence. At the more local scale, soil characteristics and climate influence distribution, cover, and performance. In hot, dry, summerrainfall-dominated deserts (Sonoran, Chihuahuan), little or no Bromus is found, likely due to timing or amount of soil moisture relative to Bromus phenology. In hot, winter-rainfall-dominated deserts (parts of the Mojave Desert), Bromus rubens is widespread and correlated with high phosphorus availability. It also responds positively to additions of nitrogen alone or with phosphorus. On the Colorado Plateau, with higher soil moisture availability, factors limiting Bromus tectorum populations vary with life stage: phosphorus and water limit germination, potassium and the potassium/magnesium ratio affect winter performance, and water and potassium/magnesium affect spring performance. Controlling nutrients also change with elevation. In cooler deserts with winter precipitation (Great Basin, Columbia Plateau) and thus even greater soil moisture availability, B. tectorum populations are controlled by nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium. Experimental nitrogen additions stimulate Bromus performance. The reason for different nutrients limiting in dissimilar climatic regions is not known, but it is likely that site conditions such as soil texture (as it affects water and nutrient availability), organic matter, and/or chemistry interact in a manner that regulates nutrient availability and limitations. Under future drier, hotter conditions, Bromus distribution is likely to change due to changes in the interaction between moisture and nutrient availability. C1 [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Stark, John M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Stark, John M.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Rau, Benjamin M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Phillips, Susan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; jstark@biology.usu.edu; benjaminmrau@fs.fed.us; edith.allen@ucr.edu; sue_phillips@usgs.gov NR 113 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 227 EP 256 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 30 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000008 ER PT S AU Chambers, JC Germino, MJ Belnap, J Brown, CS Schupp, EW St Clair, SB AF Chambers, Jeanne C. Germino, Matthew J. Belnap, Jayne Brown, Cynthia S. Schupp, Eugene W. St Clair, Samuel B. BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Plant Community Resistance to Invasion by Bromus Species: The Roles of Community Attributes, Bromus Interactions with Plant Communities, and Bromus Traits SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ecosystem resilience; Plant traits; Resource dynamics; Species interactions; Herbivory ID BIG SAGEBRUSH COMMUNITIES; CALIFORNIA ANNUAL GRASSLAND; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; EXOTIC ANNUAL GRASSES; SOIL SEED BANK; MOJAVE DESERT; GREAT-BASIN; PERENNIAL GRASSES; SHRUB-STEPPE; TECTORUM-L AB The factors that determine plant community resistance to exotic annual Bromus species (Bromus hereafter) are diverse and context specific. They are influenced by the environmental characteristics and attributes of the community, the traits of Bromus species, and the direct and indirect interactions of Bromus with the plant community. Environmental factors, in particular ambient and soil temperatures, have significant effects on the ability of Bromus to establish and spread. Seasonality of precipitation relative to temperature influences plant community resistance to Bromus through effects on soil water storage, timing of water and nutrient availability, and dominant plant life forms. Differences among plant communities in how well soil resource use by the plant community matches resource supply rates can influence the magnitude of resource fluctuations due to either climate or disturbance and thus the opportunities for invasion. The spatial and temporal patterns of resource availability and acquisition of growth resources by Bromus versus native species strongly influence resistance to invasion. Traits of Bromus that confer a "priority advantage" for resource use in many communities include early-season germination and high growth and reproductive rates. Resistance to Bromus can be overwhelmed by high propagule supply, low innate seed dormancy, and large, if short-lived, seed banks. Biological crusts can inhibit germination and establishment of invasive annual plants, including several annual Bromus species, but are effective only in the absence of disturbance. Herbivores can have negative direct effects on Bromus, but positive indirect effects through decreases in competitors. Management strategies can be improved through increased understanding of community resistance to exotic annual Bromus species. C1 [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [St Clair, Samuel B.] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jchambers@fs.fed.us; mgermino@usgs.gov; jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; cynthia.s.brown@colostate.edu; eugene.schupp@usu.edu; stclair@byu.edu NR 170 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 275 EP 304 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 30 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000010 ER PT S AU Pyke, DA Chambers, JC Beck, JL Brooks, ML Mealor, BA AF Pyke, David A. Chambers, Jeanne C. Beck, Jeffrey L. Brooks, Matthew L. Mealor, Brian A. BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Land Uses, Fire, and Invasion: Exotic Annual Bromus and Human Dimensions SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Energy development; Farming; Grazing; Management policies; Wildlife responses ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; WYOMING BIG SAGEBRUSH; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHERN NEVADA; HUMAN FOOTPRINT; MOJAVE DESERT AB Human land uses are the primary cause of the introduction and spread of exotic annual Bromus species. Initial introductions were likely linked to contaminated seeds used by homesteading farmers in the late 1880s and early 1900s. Transportation routes aided their spread. Unrestricted livestock grazing from the 1800s through the mid-1900s reduced native plant competitors leaving large areas vulnerable to Bromus dominance. Ecosystems with cooler and moister soils tend to have greater potential to recover from disturbances (resilience) and to be more resistant to Bromus invasion and dominance. Warmer and drier ecosystems are less resistant to Bromus and are threatened by altered fire regimes which can lead to Bromus dominance, impacts to wildlife, and alternative stable states. Native Americans used fire for manipulating plant communities and may have contributed to the early dominance of Bromus in portions of California. Fire as a tool is now limited to site preparation for revegetation in most ecosystems where Bromus is a significant problem. Once Bromus dominates, breaking annual grass/fire cycles requires restoring fire-tolerant perennial grasses and forbs, which can compete with Bromus and resist its dominance. Current weed management policies often lack regulations to prevent further expansion of Bromus. Research is needed on how and where livestock grazing might help increase perennial grass and forb cover and density to create ecosystems that are more resistant to Bromus. Also, studies are needed to ascertain the role, if any, of oil and gas development in contributing to the spread of Bromus C1 [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Beck, Jeffrey L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Mealor, Brian A.] Univ Wyoming, Sheridan Res & Extens Ctr, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_a_pyke@usgs.gov; jchambers@fs.fed.us; jlbeck@uwyo.edu; matt_brooks@usgs.gov; bamealor@uwyo.edu NR 142 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 307 EP 337 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 31 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000011 ER PT S AU Provencher, L Frid, L Czembor, C Morisette, JT AF Provencher, Louis Frid, Leonardo Czembor, Christina Morisette, Jeffrey T. BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI State-and-Transition Models: Conceptual Versus Simulation Perspectives, Usefulness and Breadth of Use, and Land Management Applications SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE State-and-transition; Conceptual model; Simulation; Uncertainty; Climate change ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION SCENARIOS; SAGEBRUSH ECOSYSTEMS; EXPERT OPINION; WILDLAND FIRE; BASIN; VEGETATION; STRATEGIES; WILDFIRE AB State-and-Transition Simulation Modeling (STSM) is a quantitative analysis method that can consolidate a wide array of resource management issues under a "what-if" scenario exercise. STSM can be seen as an ensemble of models, such as climate models, ecological models, and economic models that incorporate human dimensions and management options. This chapter presents STSM as a tool to help synthesize information on social-ecological systems and to investigate some of the management issues associated with exotic annual Bromus species, which have been described elsewhere in this book. Definitions, terminology, and perspectives on conceptual and computer-simulated stochastic state-and-transition models are given first, followed by a brief review of past STSM studies relevant to the management of Bromus species. A detailed case study illustrates the usefulness of STSM for land management. As a whole, this chapter is intended to demonstrate how STSM can help both managers and scientists: (a) determine efficient resource allocation for monitoring nonnative grasses; (b) evaluate sources of uncertainty in model simulation results involving expert opinion, and their consequences for management decisions; and (c) provide insight into the consequences of predicted local climate change effects on ecological systems invaded by exotic annual Bromus species. C1 [Provencher, Louis] Nature Conservancy, Reno, NV 89501 USA. [Frid, Leonardo] Apex Resource Management Solut Ltd, Bowen Isl, BC, Canada. [Czembor, Christina] Knight Piesold Ltd, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Provencher, L (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Reno, NV 89501 USA. EM lprovencher@tnc.org; leonardo.frid@apexrms.com; c.czembor@gmail.com; morisettej@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 371 EP 407 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_13 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 37 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000013 ER PT J AU Picotte, JJ Peterson, B Meier, G Howard, SM AF Picotte, Joshua J. Peterson, Birgit Meier, Gretchen Howard, Stephen M. TI 1984-2010 trends in fire burn severity and area for the conterminous US SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE differenced Normalized Burn Ratio; LANDFIRE Environmental Site Potential; Landsat; MTBS; Relativized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio; sigmoid distribution; wildfire ID SIERRA-NEVADA; SOUTHERN CASCADES; WESTERN US; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE; RATIO; LANDSCAPE; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; MOUNTAINS AB Burn severity products created by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project were used to analyse historical trends in burn severity. Using a severity metric calculated by modelling the cumulative distribution of differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and Relativized dNBR (RdNBR) data, we examined burn area and burn severity of 4893 historical fires (1984-2010) distributed across the conterminous US (CONUS) and mapped by MTBS. Yearly mean burn severity values (weighted by area), maximum burn severity metric values, mean area of burn, maximum burn area and total burn area were evaluated within 27 US National Vegetation Classification macrogroups. Time series assessments of burned area and severity were performed using Mann-Kendall tests. Burned area and severity varied by vegetation classification, but most vegetation groups showed no detectable change during the 1984-2010 period. Of the 27 analysed vegetation groups, trend analysis revealed burned area increased in eight, and burn severity has increased in seven. This study suggests that burned area and severity, as measured by the severity metric based on dNBR or RdNBR, have not changed substantially for most vegetation groups evaluated within CONUS. C1 [Picotte, Joshua J.; Peterson, Birgit; Meier, Gretchen] ASRC Fed InuTeq LLC, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Picotte, Joshua J.; Peterson, Birgit; Meier, Gretchen; Howard, Stephen M.] USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Picotte, JJ (reprint author), ASRC Fed InuTeq LLC, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jpicotte@usgs.gov FU USGS Land Change Science Program; MTBS project FX This project was supported by the USGS Land Change Science Program and the MTBS project. We thank Thomas Adamson, Roger Auch, Carol Deering and Jeffery Eidenshink for their assistance in revising this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 4 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1071/WF15039 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DI7VF UT WOS:000373709400005 ER PT J AU Maurice, S Clegg, SM Wiens, RC Gasnault, O Rapin, W Forni, O Cousin, A Sautter, V Mangold, N Le Deit, L Nachon, M Anderson, RB Lanza, NL Fabre, C Payre, V Lasue, J Meslin, PY Leveille, RJ Barraclough, L Beck, P Bender, SC Berger, G Bridges, JC Bridges, NT Dromart, G Dyar, MD Francis, R Frydenvang, J Gondet, B Ehlmann, BL Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, JR Langevin, Y Madsen, MB Melikechi, N Lacour, JL Le Mouelic, S Lewin, E Newsom, HE Ollila, AM Pinet, P Schroder, S Sirven, JB Tokar, RL Toplis, MJ d'Uston, C Vaniman, DT Vasavada, AR AF Maurice, S. Clegg, S. M. Wiens, R. C. Gasnault, O. Rapin, W. Forni, O. Cousin, A. Sautter, V. Mangold, N. Le Deit, L. Nachon, M. Anderson, R. B. Lanza, N. L. Fabre, C. Payre, V. Lasue, J. Meslin, P. -Y. Leveille, R. J. Barraclough, L. Beck, P. Bender, S. C. Berger, G. Bridges, J. C. Bridges, N. T. Dromart, G. Dyar, M. D. Francis, R. Frydenvang, J. Gondet, B. Ehlmann, B. L. Herkenhoff, K. E. Johnson, J. R. Langevin, Y. Madsen, M. B. Melikechi, N. Lacour, J. -L. Le Mouelic, S. Lewin, E. Newsom, H. E. Ollila, A. M. Pinet, P. Schroeder, S. Sirven, J. -B. Tokar, R. L. Toplis, M. J. d'Uston, C. Vaniman, D. T. Vasavada, A. R. TI ChemCam activities and discoveries during the nominal mission of the Mars Science Laboratory in Gale crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; CURIOSITY ROVER; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; SPACE EXPLORATION; INSTRUMENT SUITE; YELLOWKNIFE BAY; CHEMISTRY; ORIGIN; ROCKS; TARGETS AB At Gale crater, Mars, ChemCam acquired its first laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) target on Sol 13 of the landed portion of the mission (a Sol is a Mars day). Up to Sol 800, more than 188 000 LIBS spectra were acquired on more than 5800 points distributed over about 650 individual targets. We present a comprehensive review of ChemCam scientific accomplishments during that period, together with a focus on the lessons learned from the first use of LIBS in space. For data processing, we describe new tools that had to be developed to account for the uniqueness of Mars data. With regard to chemistry, we present a summary of the composition range measured on Mars for major-element oxides (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeOT, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O) based on various multivariate models, with associated precisions. ChemCam also observed H, and the non-metallic elements C, O, P, and S, which are usually difficult to quantify with LIBS. F and Cl are observed through their molecular lines. We discuss the most relevant LIBS lines for detection of minor and trace elements (Li, Rb, Sr, Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn). These results were obtained thanks to comprehensive ground reference datasets, which are set to mimic the expected mineralogy and chemistry on Mars. With regard to the first use of LIBS in space, we analyze and quantify, often for the first time, each of the advantages of using stand-off LIBS in space: no sample preparation, analysis within its petrological context, dust removal, sub-millimeter scale investigation, multi-point analysis, the ability to carry out statistical surveys and whole-rock analyses, and rapid data acquisition. We conclude with a discussion of ChemCam performance to survey the geochemistry of Mars, and its valuable support of decisions about selecting where and whether to make observations with more time and resource-intensive tools in the rover's instrument suite. In the end, we present a bird's-eye view of the many scientific results: discovery of felsic Noachian crust, first observation of hydrated soil, discovery of manganese-rich coatings and fracture fills indicating strong oxidation potential in Mars' early atmosphere, characterization of soils by grain size, and wide scale mapping of sedimentary strata, conglomerates, and diagenetic materials. C1 [Maurice, S.; Gasnault, O.; Rapin, W.; Forni, O.; Cousin, A.; Lasue, J.; Meslin, P. -Y.; Berger, G.; Schroeder, S.; Toplis, M. J.; d'Uston, C.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRAP, Obs Midi Pyrenees, 9 Av Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Clegg, S. M.; Wiens, R. C.; Lanza, N. L.; Barraclough, L.; Frydenvang, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Sautter, V.; Anderson, R. B.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, IMPMC, F-75231 Paris, France. [Mangold, N.; Le Deit, L.; Nachon, M.; Le Mouelic, S.] LPG Nantes, UMR CNRS 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France. [Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fabre, C.; Payre, V.] Univ Lorraine, GeoRessources, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Leveille, R. J.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ, Canada. [Leveille, R. J.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Beck, P.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Bender, S. C.; Tokar, R. L.; Vaniman, D. T.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Bridges, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Bridges, N. T.; Johnson, J. R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Dromart, G.] Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, Lyon, France. [Dyar, M. D.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, South Hadley, MA USA. [Francis, R.] Univ Western Ontario, Ctr Planetary Sci & Explorat, London, ON, Canada. [Francis, R.; Ehlmann, B. L.; Vasavada, A. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gondet, B.; Langevin, Y.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Madsen, M. B.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Melikechi, N.] Delaware State Univ, Opt Sci Ctr Appl Res, Dover, DE USA. [Lacour, J. -L.; Sirven, J. -B.] Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, DEN, Dept Phys Chem, Saclay, France. [Lewin, E.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Newsom, H. E.; Ollila, A. M.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Newsom, H. E.; Ollila, A. M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Maurice, S (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRAP, Obs Midi Pyrenees, 9 Av Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM maurice@cesr.fr RI Frydenvang, Jens/D-4781-2013; Beck, Pierre/F-3149-2011; Sirven, Jean-Baptiste/H-5782-2013; LEWIN, Eric/F-1451-2017; OI Frydenvang, Jens/0000-0001-9294-1227; Sirven, Jean-Baptiste/0000-0002-5523-6809; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU France by the French Space Agency (CNES); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); NASA's Mars Program Office FX This work was supported in France by the French Space Agency (CNES), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and many institutes and universities across the country. Collaboration with colleagues in the US was funded by NASA's Mars Program Office. NR 107 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 14 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 EI 1364-5544 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2016 VL 31 IS 4 BP 863 EP 889 DI 10.1039/c5ja00417a PG 27 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA DI4LC UT WOS:000373470400003 ER PT J AU Zhai, L Jiang, J DeAngelis, D Sternberg, LDL AF Zhai, Lu Jiang, Jiang DeAngelis, Donald Sternberg, Leonel da Silveira Lobo TI Prediction of Plant Vulnerability to Salinity Increase in a Coastal Ecosystem by Stable Isotope Composition (delta O-18) of Plant Stem Water: A Model Study SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE salinity; delta O-18; vadose zone; hammock; mangrove; sea level rise; vegetation shift ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE L; SOUTH FLORIDA; FRESH-WATER; EVERGLADES RESTORATION; MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS; HARDWOOD HAMMOCKS; VEGETATION CHANGE; COMPETITION; FOREST AB Sea level rise and the subsequent intrusion of saline seawater can result in an increase in soil salinity, and potentially cause coastal salinity-intolerant vegetation (for example, hardwood hammocks or pines) to be replaced by salinity-tolerant vegetation (for example, mangroves or salt marshes). Although the vegetation shifts can be easily monitored by satellite imagery, it is hard to predict a particular area or even a particular tree that is vulnerable to such a shift. To find an appropriate indicator for the potential vegetation shift, we incorporated stable isotope O-18 abundance as a tracer in various hydrologic components (for example, vadose zone, water table) in a previously published model describing ecosystem shifts between hammock and mangrove communities in southern Florida. Our simulations showed that (1) there was a linear relationship between salinity and the delta O-18 value in the water table, whereas this relationship was curvilinear in the vadose zone; (2) hammock trees with higher probability of being replaced by mangroves had higher delta O-18 values of plant stem water, and this difference could be detected 2 years before the trees reached a tipping point, beyond which future replacement became certain; and (3) individuals that were eventually replaced by mangroves from the hammock tree population with a 50% replacement probability had higher stem water delta O-18 values 3 years before their replacement became certain compared to those from the same population which were not replaced. Overall, these simulation results suggest that it is promising to track the yearly delta O-18 values of plant stem water in hammock forests to predict impending salinity stress and mortality. C1 [Zhai, Lu; DeAngelis, Donald; Sternberg, Leonel da Silveira Lobo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Jiang, Jiang] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald] US Geol Survey, Wetlands & Aquatic Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Sternberg, LDL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM leo@bio.miami.edu FU Department of Biology at the University of Miami; USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program FX We thank the Department of Biology at the University of Miami for providing the equipment and funding to Lu Zhai for this study. Dr. Carol Horvitz, Dr. Robert Stephen Cantrell, Dr. Lili Wei, Dr. Su Yean Teh, and Dr. Guanghui Lin provided useful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. We also thank the three journal reviewers as well as USGS reviewer Ken Krauss for helpful comments on the manuscript. DLD was supported by the USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2016 VL 19 IS 1 BP 32 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s10021-015-9916-3 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH8BH UT WOS:000373017800003 ER PT J AU Svejcar, LN Bestelmeyer, BT Duniway, MC James, DK AF Svejcar, Lauren N. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Duniway, Michael C. James, Darren K. TI Scale-Dependent Feedbacks Between Patch Size and Plant Reproduction in Desert Grassland (vol 18, pg 146, 2015) SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Correction C1 [Svejcar, Lauren N.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Duniway, Michael C.; James, Darren K.] USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Svejcar, Lauren N.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Duniway, Michael C.; James, Darren K.] USDA ARS, Jornada Basin LTER, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Svejcar, Lauren N.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Svejcar, Lauren N.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.; Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Basin LTER, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2016 VL 19 IS 1 BP 185 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10021-015-9930-5 PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH8BH UT WOS:000373017800014 ER PT J AU Luo, YQ Ahlstrom, A Allison, SD Batjes, NH Brovkin, V Carvalhais, N Chappell, A Ciais, P Davidson, EA Finzi, AC Georgiou, K Guenet, B Hararuk, O Harden, JW He, YJ Hopkins, F Jiang, LF Koven, C Jackson, RB Jones, CD Lara, MJ Liang, JY McGuire, AD Parton, W Peng, CH Randerson, JT Salazar, A Sierra, CA Smith, MJ Tian, HQ Todd-Brown, KEO Torn, M van Groenigen, KJ Wang, YP West, TO Wei, YX Wieder, WR Xia, JY Xu, X Xu, XF Zhou, T AF Luo, Yiqi Ahlstrom, Anders Allison, Steven D. Batjes, Niels H. Brovkin, Victor Carvalhais, Nuno Chappell, Adrian Ciais, Philippe Davidson, Eric A. Finzi, Adrien C. Georgiou, Katerina Guenet, Bertrand Hararuk, Oleksandra Harden, Jennifer W. He, Yujie Hopkins, Francesca Jiang, Lifen Koven, Charlie Jackson, Robert B. Jones, Chris D. Lara, Mark J. Liang, Junyi McGuire, A. David Parton, William Peng, Changhui Randerson, James T. Salazar, Alejandro Sierra, Carlos A. Smith, Matthew J. Tian, Hanqin Todd-Brown, Katherine E. O. Torn, Margaret van Groenigen, Kees Jan Wang, Ying Ping West, Tristram O. Wei, Yaxing Wieder, William R. Xia, Jianyang Xu, Xia Xu, Xiaofeng Zhou, Tao TI Toward more realistic projections of soil carbon dynamics by Earth system models SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER MODELS; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; DATA-ASSIMILATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; INCUBATION DATA; UNITED-STATES; LAND MODEL; HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY AB Soil carbon (C) is a critical component of Earth system models (ESMs), and its diverse representations are a major source of the large spread across models in the terrestrial C sink from the third to fifth assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Improving soil C projections is of a high priority for Earth system modeling in the future IPCC and other assessments. To achieve this goal, we suggest that (1) model structures should reflect real-world processes, (2) parameters should be calibrated to match model outputs with observations, and (3) external forcing variables should accurately prescribe the environmental conditions that soils experience. First, most soil C cycle models simulate C input from litter production and C release through decomposition. The latter process has traditionally been represented by first-order decay functions, regulated primarily by temperature, moisture, litter quality, and soil texture. While this formulation well captures macroscopic soil organic C (SOC) dynamics, better understanding is needed of their underlying mechanisms as related to microbial processes, depth-dependent environmental controls, and other processes that strongly affect soil C dynamics. Second, incomplete use of observations in model parameterization is a major cause of bias in soil C projections from ESMs. Optimal parameter calibration with both pool-and flux-based data sets through data assimilation is among the highest priorities for near-term research to reduce biases among ESMs. Third, external variables are represented inconsistently among ESMs, leading to differences in modeled soil C dynamics. We recommend the implementation of traceability analyses to identify how external variables and model parameterizations influence SOC dynamics in different ESMs. Overall, projections of the terrestrial C sink can be substantially improved when reliable data sets are available to select the most representative model structure, constrain parameters, and prescribe forcing fields. C1 [Luo, Yiqi; Jiang, Lifen; Liang, Junyi] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Luo, Yiqi] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Ahlstrom, Anders; Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahlstrom, Anders] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden. [Allison, Steven D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Irvine, CA USA. [Allison, Steven D.; He, Yujie; Hopkins, Francesca; Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Batjes, Niels H.] ISRIC World Soil Informat, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Brovkin, Victor] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Carvalhais, Nuno; Sierra, Carlos A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Carvalhais, Nuno] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Ciencias & Engn Ambiente, CENSE, Caparica, Portugal. [Chappell, Adrian] CSIRO Land & Water Natl Res Flagship, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Ciais, Philippe; Guenet, Bertrand] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Davidson, Eric A.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD USA. [Finzi, Adrien C.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Georgiou, Katerina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Georgiou, Katerina; Koven, Charlie; Torn, Margaret] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hararuk, Oleksandra] Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jones, Chris D.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Lara, Mark J.; McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [McGuire, A. David] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Parton, William] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peng, Changhui] Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Salazar, Alejandro] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Smith, Matthew J.] Microsoft Res, Sci Computat Lab, Cambridge, England. [Tian, Hanqin] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Todd-Brown, Katherine E. O.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [van Groenigen, Kees Jan] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Wang, Ying Ping] CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [West, Tristram O.] Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Wei, Yaxing] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wieder, William R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Xia, Jianyang] E China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Xu, Xia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Xu, Xiaofeng] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Zhou, Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Luo, YQ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Luo, YQ (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yluo@ou.edu RI Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Liang, Junyi/H-3203-2016; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Brovkin, Victor/C-2803-2016; Batjes, Niels/F-7195-2010; Allison, Steven/E-2978-2010; Xu, Xiaofeng/B-2391-2008; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014; wang, yp/A-9765-2011; He, Yujie/E-2514-2017; Ahlstrom, Anders/F-3215-2017; OI Liang, Junyi/0000-0001-8252-5502; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Brovkin, Victor/0000-0001-6420-3198; Batjes, Niels/0000-0003-2367-3067; Allison, Steven/0000-0003-4629-7842; Xu, Xiaofeng/0000-0002-6553-6514; He, Yujie/0000-0001-8261-5399; Ahlstrom, Anders/0000-0003-1642-0037; van groenigen, kees jan/0000-0002-9165-3925; WIEDER, WILLIAM/0000-0001-7116-1985 FU United States National Science Foundation Research Coordination (RCN) grant [DEB 0840964]; Department of Energy [DE SC0008270]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006982, DE-SC0008270, DE-SC0014062, DE-SC0004601, DE-SC0010715]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0840964, DBI 0850290, EPS 0919466, EF 1137293]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Program [GA01101]; [UID/AMB/04085/2013] FX The paper stemmed from a workshop "Representing soil carbon dynamics in global land models to improve future IPCC assessments" held at Breckenridge, CO, USA on 12-14 June 2014. The workshop was financially supported by the United States National Science Foundation Research Coordination (RCN) grant DEB 0840964 and Department of Energy DE SC0008270. Y.L. was financially supported by U.S. Department of Energy grants DE-SC0006982, DE-SC0008270, DE-SC0014062, DE-SC0004601, and DE-SC0010715 and U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DBI 0850290, EPS 0919466, DEB 0840964, and EF 1137293; N.C. by Project UID/AMB/04085/2013; CDJ by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Program (GA01101). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Please contact the corresponding author at yluo@ou.edu for details of the data used in this work. NR 149 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 36 U2 74 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 40 EP 56 DI 10.1002/2015GB005239 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7HR UT WOS:000372964300003 ER PT J AU Glenney, GW Barbash, PA Coll, JA AF Glenney, Gavin W. Barbash, Patricia A. Coll, John A. TI Initial Detection and Molecular Characterization of Namaycush Herpesvirus (Salmonid Herpesvirus 5) in Lake Trout SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMA; ETIOLOGY; SALAR AB A novel herpesvirus was found by molecular methods in samples of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, and Lake Ontario, Keuka Lake, and Lake Otsego, New York. Based on PCR amplification and partial sequencing of polymerase, terminase, and glycoprotein genes, a number of isolates were identified as a novel virus, which we have named Namaycush herpesvirus (NamHV) salmonid herpesvirus 5 (SalHV5). Phylogenetic analyses of three NamHV genes indicated strong clustering with other members of the genus Salmonivirus, placing these isolates into family Alloherpesviridae. The NamHV isolates were identical in the three partially sequenced genes; however, they varied from other salmonid herpesviruses in nucleotide sequence identity. In all three of the genes sequenced, NamHV shared the highest sequence identity with Atlantic Salmon papillomatosis virus (ASPV; SalHV4) isolated from Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar in northern Europe, including northwestern Russia. These results lead one to believe that NamHV and ASPV have a common ancestor that may have made a relatively recent host jump from Atlantic Salmon to Lake Trout or vice versa. Partial nucleotide sequence comparisons between NamHV and ASPV for the polymerase and glycoprotein genes differ by >5% and >10%, respectively. Additional nucleotide sequence comparisons between NamHV and epizootic epitheliotropic disease virus (EEDV/SalHV3) in the terminase, glycoprotein, and polymerase genes differ by >5%, >20%, and >10%, respectively. Thus, NamHV and EEDV may be occupying discrete ecological niches in Lake Trout. Even though NamHV shared the highest genetic identity with ASPV, each of these viruses has a separate host species, which also implies speciation. Additionally, NamHV has been detected over the last 4 years in four separate water bodies across two states, which suggests that NamHV is a distinct, naturally replicating lineage. This, in combination with a divergence in nucleotide sequence from EEDV, indicates that NamHV is a new species in the genus Salmonivirus. C1 [Glenney, Gavin W.; Barbash, Patricia A.; Coll, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, POB 155, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Glenney, GW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, POB 155, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM gavin_glenney@fws.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1080/08997659.2015.1111270 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA DH7IW UT WOS:000372968000006 PM 26980431 ER PT J AU Glenney, GW Barbash, PA Coll, JA AF Glenney, Gavin W. Barbash, Patricia A. Coll, John A. TI A Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection and Quantification of Epizootic Epitheliotropic Disease Virus (EEDV; Salmonid Herpesvirus 3) SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; ATLANTIC SALMON; ETIOLOGY; FISH; PCR AB Epizootic epitheliotropic disease virus (EEDV; salmonid herpesvirus [SalHV3]; family Alloherpesviridae) causes a systemic disease of juvenile and yearling Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush. No cell lines are currently available for the culture and propagation of EEDV, so primary diagnosis is limited to PCR and electron microscopy. To better understand the pervasiveness of EEDV (carrier or latent state of infection) in domesticated and wild Lake Trout populations, we developed a sensitive TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to detect the presence of the EEDV terminase gene in Lake Trout tissues. This assay was able to detect a linear standard curve over nine logs of plasmid dilution and was sensitive enough to detect single-digit copies of EEDV. The efficiency of the PCR assay was 99.4 +/- 0.06% (mean +/- SD), with a 95% confidence limit of 0.0296 (R-2 = 0.994). Methods were successfully applied to collect preliminary data from a number of species and water bodies in the states of Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont, indicating that EEDV is more common in wild fish than previously known. In addition, through the development of this qPCR assay, we detected EEDV in a new salmonid species, the Cisco Coregonus artedi. The qPCR assay was unexpectedly able to detect two additional herpesviruses, the Atlantic Salmon papillomatosis virus (ASPV; SalHV4) and the Namaycush herpesvirus (NamHV; SalHV5), which both share high sequence identity with the EEDV terminase gene. With these unexpected findings, we subsequently designed three primer sets to confirm initial TaqMan qPCR assay positives and to differentiate among EEDV, ASPV, and NamHV by detecting the glycoprotein genes via SYBR Green qPCR. C1 [Glenney, Gavin W.; Barbash, Patricia A.; Coll, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, POB 155, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Glenney, GW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, POB 155, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM gavin_glenney@fws.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [GLFT 2014.1455]; Michigan State University FX We thank the field collection crews from the New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, and USFWS. Further help was provided by Meredith Bartron, Shannon Julian, and John Sweka (USFWS Conservation Genetics Laboratory, Lamar, Pennsylvania) with sequencing and statistics. We also thank Kirsten Malm and Scott Weber (University of California, Davis), who kindly provided EEDV-positive Lake Trout skin. We are grateful to Tom B. Waltzek (University of Florida) and Andor Doszpoly (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) for supplying the SalHV4 gDNA. This work was made possible through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and was supported by a grant from the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (title: Re-Emergence of Epizootic Epitheliotropic Disease Virus: Potential Effects and Development of Improved Diagnostics and Control Measures; GLFT 2014.1455) through a subcontract agreement with Michigan State University. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USFWS. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1080/08997659.2015.1121935 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA DH7IW UT WOS:000372968000007 PM 26980561 ER PT J AU Dawson, P Chouet, B Pitt, A AF Dawson, Phillip Chouet, Bernard Pitt, Andrew TI Tomographic image of a seismically active volcano: Mammoth Mountain, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; MAGMATIC UNREST; BENEATH; CO2; CRUSTAL; RADIOCARBON; EARTHQUAKES; MIGRATION AB High-resolution tomographic P wave, S wave, and V-P/V-S velocity structure models are derived for Mammoth Mountain, California, using phase data from the Northern California Seismic Network and a temporary deployment of broadband seismometers. An anomalous volume (5.1 x 10(9) to 5.9 x 10(10) m(3)) of low P and low S wave velocities is imaged beneath Mammoth Mountain, extending from near the surface to a depth of similar to 2 km below sea level. We infer that the reduction in seismic wave velocities is due to the presence of CO2 distributed in oblate spheroid pores with mean aspect ratio alpha = 1.6 x 10(-3) to 7.9 x 10-3 (crack-like pores) and mean gas volume fraction phi = 8.1 x 10(-4) to 3.4 x 10(-3). The pore density parameter kappa = 3 phi/(4 pi alpha) = na(3) = 0.11, where n is the number of pores per cubic meter and a is the mean pore equatorial radius. The total mass of CO2 is estimated to be 4.6 x 10(9) to 1.9 x 10(11) kg. The local geological structure indicates that the CO2 contained in the pores is delivered to the surface through fractures controlled by faults and remnant foliation of the bedrock beneath Mammoth Mountain. The total volume of CO2 contained in the reservoir suggests that given an emission rate of 500 tons day(-1), the reservoir could supply the emission of CO2 for similar to 25-1040 years before depletion. Continued supply of CO2 from an underlying magmatic system would significantly prolong the existence of the reservoir. C1 [Dawson, Phillip; Chouet, Bernard; Pitt, Andrew] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dawson, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dawson@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 114 EP 133 DI 10.1002/2015JB012537 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DH8UU UT WOS:000373073200008 ER PT J AU Lyons, JJ Haney, MM Werner, C Kelly, P Patrick, M Kern, C Trusdell, F AF Lyons, John J. Haney, Matthew M. Werner, Cynthia Kelly, Peter Patrick, Matthew Kern, Christoph Trusdell, Frank TI Long period seismicity and very long period infrasound driven by shallow magmatic degassing at Mount Pagan, Mariana Islands SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID KUSATSU-SHIRANE VOLCANO; PHASE-WEIGHTED STACKING; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; ST-HELENS; STROMBOLI-VOLCANO; ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES; SOURCE MECHANISM; REDOUBT VOLCANO; SINGLE FORCE; ERUPTION AB Long period (LP) seismicity and very long period infrasound (iVLP) were recorded during continuous degassing from Mount Pagan, Mariana Islands, in July 2013 to January 2014. The frequency content of the LP and iVLP events and delay times between the two arrivals were remarkably stable and indicate nearly co-located sources. Using phase-weighted stacking over similar events to dampen noise, we find that the LP source centroid is located 60m below and 180m west of the summit vent. The moment tensor reveals a volumetric source modeled as resonance of a subhorizontal sill intersecting a dike. We model the seismoacoustic wavefields with a coupled earth-air 3-D finite difference code. The ratios of pressure to velocity measured at the infrasound arrays are an order of magnitude larger than the synthetic ratios, so the iVLP is not the result of LP energy transmitting into the atmosphere at its epicenter. Based on crater shape and dimensions determined by structure from motion, we model the iVLP as acoustic resonance of an exponential horn. The source of the continuous plume from gas analysis is shallow magmatic degassing, which repeatedly pressurized the dike-sill portion of the conduit over the 7 months of observation. Periodic gas release caused the geologically controlled sill to partially collapse and resonate, while venting of gas at the surface triggered resonance in the crater. LP degassing only accounts for similar to 12% of total degassing, indicating that most degassing is relatively aseismic and that multiple active pathways exist beneath the vent. C1 [Lyons, John J.; Haney, Matthew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Werner, Cynthia; Kelly, Peter; Kern, Christoph] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Patrick, Matthew; Trusdell, Frank] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI USA. RP Lyons, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. EM jlyons@usgs.gov FU USGS Volcano Hazards Program; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; National Science Foundation [EAR-0552316]; Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration FX The USGS Volcano Hazards Program, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program funded this work. We gratefully acknowledge field support from John Paskievitch, Cyrus Read, Maurice Sako, Juan Camacho, and the government of the Common Wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. We would like to thank Rick Wessels for processing the FLIR data, Dave Aldridge for the access to the seismoacoustic FD code, and David Fee for help in designing the infrasound array geometries. Phil Dawson and two anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful comments that improved the paper. Digitizers and solar power systems were provided by the PASSCAL facility of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) through the PASSCAL Instrument Center at New Mexico Tech. The IRIS Consortium is supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-0552316 and by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration. Data are available through the USGS and the IRIS Data Management Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 188 EP 209 DI 10.1002/2015JB012490 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DH8UU UT WOS:000373073200012 ER PT J AU Bender, AM Amos, CB Bierman, P Rood, DH Staisch, L Kelsey, H Sherrod, B AF Bender, Adrian M. Amos, Colin B. Bierman, Paul Rood, Dylan H. Staisch, Lydia Kelsey, Harvey Sherrod, Brian TI Differential uplift and incision of the Yakima River terraces, central Washington State SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; SEATTLE FAULT ZONE; LATE QUATERNARY DEFORMATION; GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA; ACTIVE TECTONICS; EASTERN WASHINGTON; SADDLE MOUNTAINS; COLORADO RIVER; AMS STANDARDS; RATES AB The fault-related Yakima folds deform Miocene basalts and younger deposits of the Columbia Plateau in central Washington State. Geodesy implies similar to 2mm/yr of NNE directed shortening across the folds, but until now the distribution and rates of Quaternary deformation among individual structures has been unclear. South of Ellensburg, Washington, the Yakima River cuts a similar to 600m deep canyon across several Yakima folds, preserving gravel-mantled strath terraces that record progressive bedrock incision and related rock uplift. Here we integrate cosmogenic isochron burial dating of the strath terrace gravels with lidar analysis and field mapping to quantify rates of Quaternary differential incision and rock uplift across two folds transected by the Yakima River: Manastash and Umtanum Ridge. Isochron burial ages from in situ produced Al-26 and Be-10 at seven sites across the folds date episodes of strath terrace formation over the past similar to 2.9Ma. Average bedrock incision rates across the Manastash (similar to 88m/Myr) and Umtanum Ridge (similar to 46m/Myr) anticlines are roughly 4 to 8 times higher than rates in the intervening syncline (similar to 14 m/Myr) and outside the canyon (similar to 10m/Myr). These contrasting rates demonstrate differential bedrock incision driven by ongoing Quaternary rock uplift across the folds at rates corresponding to similar to 0.13 and similar to 0.06mm/yr shortening across postulated master faults dipping 30 +/- 10 degrees S beneath the Manastash and Umtanum Ridge anticlines, respectively. The reported Quaternary shortening across the anticlines accounts for similar to 10% of the similar to 2mm/yr geodetic budget, suggesting that other Yakima structures actively accommodate the remaining contemporary deformation. C1 [Bender, Adrian M.; Amos, Colin B.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Bierman, Paul] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT USA. [Bierman, Paul] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA. [Rood, Dylan H.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London, England. [Rood, Dylan H.] Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, E Kilbride, Lanark, Scotland. [Staisch, Lydia] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kelsey, Harvey] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Bender, AM (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM abender@usgs.gov RI Amos, Colin/B-2397-2008 OI Amos, Colin/0000-0002-3862-9344 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program [G14AP00050, G14AP00054, G14AP00055]; Geological Society of America and Western Washington University; USGS Earthquake Hazards Project FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program award number (C. Amos, G14AP00050), (P. Bierman, G14AP00054), and (D. Rood, G14AP00055), as well as graduate student research grants from the Geological Society of America and Western Washington University awarded to A. Bender. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Project supported A. Bender during final revisions of this manuscript. Base hillshade and topographic maps for Figures 1 and 2 were derived from Washington 10m DEM (http://gis.ess.washington.edu/data/raster/tenmeter/byquad/). Fault linework and bedrock geology used in Figures 1 and 2 were available at (http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ResearchScience/Topics/GeosciencesData/Pages/gis_ data.aspx). The lidar data set used in this study is freely available through the OpenTopography web portal (doi:10.5069/G9KW5CXQ). Supporting cosmogenic geochemistry data are included in the supporting information Table S1. The MATLAB scripts and input files necessary to recreate the isochrons in this paper are available from the corresponding author on request (abender@usgs.gov). Channel width data are generated by S. Sorsby and available online in Appendix E supporting information (part I) at http://www.hanford.gov/page.cfm/OfficialDocuments/HSPSHA. We are grateful to G. DeLuca and O. Mayer for their hospitality; Z. DeLuca, M. Holland, and K. Frank for their help in the field; and V. Sosa-Gonzales, L. Corbett, T. Neilson, and B. DeJong for their guidance in the lab. We thank landowners in the Yakima River canyon for granting access to their property. This manuscript benefitted from constructive reviews by L. Schermer, J. O'Connor, S.E.K. Bennett, K. Wegmann, and one anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 365 EP 384 DI 10.1002/2015JB012303 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DH8UU UT WOS:000373073200021 ER PT J AU Aeby, G Tribollet, A Lasne, G Work, T AF Aeby, Greta Tribollet, Aline Lasne, Gregory Work, Thierry TI Assessing threats from coral and crustose coralline algae disease on the reefs of New Caledonia SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CCA disease; coral disease; ecological impact of coral disease; endolithic hypermycosis; growth anomalies; trematode infection; white syndrome ID BLACK BAND DISEASE; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; MONTIPORA WHITE SYNDROME; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; INDO-PACIFIC; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STONY CORALS; DYNAMICS; PORITES AB The present study reports the results of the first quantitative survey of lesions on coral and crustose coralline algae (CCA) on reefs in the lagoon of New Caledonia. Surveys on inshore and offshore reefs were conducted at 13 sites in 2010, with 12 sites resurveyed in 2013. Thirty coral diseases affecting 15 coral genera were found, with low overall disease prevalence (<1%). This study extends the known distribution of growth anomalies to the coral genera Platygyra and Hydnophora, endolithic hypermycosis to Platygyra, Leptoria and Goniastrea and extends the geographic range of three CCA diseases. We found the first trematode infection in Porites outside of Hawaii. Disease prevalence differed among coral genera, with Porites having more lesions, and Acropora and Montipora fewer lesions, than expected on the basis of field abundance. Inshore reefs had a lower coral-colony density, species diversity and reduced CCA cover than did the offshore reefs. Disease prevalence was significantly higher on inshore reefs in 2013 than in 2010, but did not change on offshore reefs. The potential ecological impact of individual coral diseases was assessed using an integrative-scoring and relative-ranking scheme based on average frequency of occurrence, prevalence and estimated degree of virulence. The top-five ranked diseases were all tissue-loss diseases. C1 [Aeby, Greta] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Tribollet, Aline] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, MNHN,IRD France Nord,IRD,LOCEAN Lab, 32 Ave Henri Varagnat, F-93143 Bondy, France. [Lasne, Gregory] BIOCENOSE MARINE Sarl, Ctr IRD Noumea, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Work, Thierry] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Aeby, G (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM greta@hawaii.edu FU South Pacific Center (CPS) through the program CRISP (Coral Reef Initiative in the Pacific); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Aquarium de Noumea; Centre d'Initiation a l'Environnement FX The South Pacific Center (CPS) through the program CRISP (Coral Reef Initiative in the Pacific) funded this study in 2010, and the French Ministry of Ecology through the program IFRECOR (Initiative Franc, aise pour les Recifs Coralliens) in 2013. We also deeply thank the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) for its financial support in 2013. We thank the Center of IRD of Noumea for allowing us to use IRD boat and diving facilities. We thank Miguel Clarque, Philippe Naudin, Samuel Tereua, Eric Folcher, Bertrand Bourgeois and Armelle Renaud for their help. We also thank the local authorities for delivering permits of collection and the Aquarium de Noumea (Richard Farmann) and the Centre d'Initiation a l'Environnement for their support and help. Mention of products or trade names do not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2016 VL 67 IS 4 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1071/MF14151 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DI1YP UT WOS:000373293200006 ER PT J AU Erwin, JA Fitak, RR Dwyer, JF Morrison, JL Culver, M AF Erwin, John A. Fitak, Robert R. Dwyer, James F. Morrison, Joan L. Culver, Melanie TI Molecular detection of bacteria in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in northern crested caracaras (Caracara cheriway) SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia felis; Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Caracara cheriway; Tick-borne disease; Nested PCR ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; SPOTTED-FEVER; FELIS; ACARI; IXODIDAE; AGENT; PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; TRANSMISSION AB Bacterial pathogens of the families Anaplasmataceae and Rickettsiaceae are often spread to humans or other animals from bites from infected arthropod hosts. Recently, an increasing number of studies have implicated migratory birds in the circulation of these pathogens through the spread of arthropod vectors. However, few studies have examined the potential for resident bird populations to serve as reservoirs for these zoonoses. In this study, we used nested PCRs of the GroESL and 17 kDa genes to screen for Anaplasmataceae and Rickettsiaceae, respectively, in a resident population of the northern crested caracara (Caracara cheriway) from Florida (n = 55). Additionally, a small number (n = 6) of captive individuals from Texas were included. We identified one individual (1.64%) positive for Rickettsia felis and one (1.64%) positive for Ehrlichia chaffeensis; both these individuals were from Florida. Presence of these pathogens demonstrates that these birds are potential hosts; however, the low prevalence of infections suggests that these populations likely do not function as an ecological reservoir. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Erwin, John A.; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Grad Interdisciplinary Program Genet, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fitak, Robert R.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Dwyer, James F.] EDM Int Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Morrison, Joan L.] Trinity Coll, Dept Biol, 300 Summit St, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Erwin, John A.] Univ Arizona, James E Rogers Coll Law, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Erwin, JA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Grad Interdisciplinary Program Genet, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.; Erwin, JA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, James E Rogers Coll Law, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jaerwin@email.arizona.edu FU Arizona Biological and Biomedical Sciences (ABBS) Program FX We sincerely thank D. Kelly for discussions and providing control DNA samples. We also thank E. Vaughn for extracting the DNA samples. We'd also like to thank the Arizona Biological and Biomedical Sciences (ABBS) Program for funding for personnel during the completion of this project. We thank the Audubon Center for Birds of Prey (Maitland, FL) for training in extracting blood from wild caracaras, and the MacArthur Agro-ecology Research Center (Lake Placid, FL) for supporting field work while trapping caracaras. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X EI 1877-9603 J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.01.015 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA DH6ZT UT WOS:000372941300012 PM 26837860 ER PT J AU Tashie, AM Mirus, BB Pavelsky, TM AF Tashie, Arik M. Mirus, Benjamin B. Pavelsky, Tamlin M. TI Identifying long-term empirical relationships between storm characteristics and episodic groundwater recharge SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE BALANCE; NORTH CHINA PLAIN; LAND-COVER CHANGE; WATER-TABLE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; IRRIGATED CROPLAND; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; CATCHMENT; YIELD; FLOW AB Shallow aquifers are an important source of water resources and provide base flow to streams; yet actual rates of groundwater recharge are difficult to estimate. While climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme precipitation events, the resulting impact on groundwater recharge remains poorly understood. We quantify empirical relations between precipitation characteristics and episodic groundwater recharge for a wide variety of geographic and land use types across North Carolina. We extract storm duration, magnitude, average rate, and hourly weighted intensity from long-term precipitation records over periods of 12-35 years at 10 locations. Using time series of water table fluctuations from nearby monitoring wells, we estimate relative recharge to precipitation ratios (RPR) to identify statistical trends. Increased RPR correlates with increased storm duration, whereas RPR decreases with increasing magnitude, average rate, and intensity of precipitation. Agricultural and urban areas exhibit the greatest decrease in RPR due to increasing storm magnitude, average rate, and intensity, while naturally vegetated areas exhibit a larger increase in RPR with increased storm duration. Though RPR is generally higher during the winter than the summer, this seasonal effect is magnified in the Appalachian and Piedmont regions. These statistical trends provide valuable insights into the likely consequences of climate and land use change for water resources in subtropical climates. If, as predicted, growing seasons lengthen and the intensity of storms increases with a warming climate, decreased recharge in Appalachia, the Piedmont, and rapidly growing urban areas of the American Southeast could further limit groundwater availability. C1 [Tashie, Arik M.; Mirus, Benjamin B.; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Mirus, Benjamin B.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Mirus, BB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA.; Mirus, BB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. EM bbmirus@usgs.gov OI Mirus, Benjamin/0000-0001-5550-014X FU Martin Fund in the Department of Geological Sciences at UNC Chapel Hill FX This work was completed while the first author was supported in part by the Martin Fund in the Department of Geological Sciences at UNC Chapel Hill. The precipitation data are available through the NOAA Climate Data Online Program: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/, and the water-level data are available through the USGS Water Information System: http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/gw. We are grateful to Melinda Chapman and Douglas Smith (USGS, Raleigh) for promptly providing the raw water-level data. Lara Mitchell (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento) provided a commented copy of the EMR code. John Nimmo (USGS, Menlo Park) provided invaluable suggestions and constructive feedback on earlier versions of this work. We also appreciate the constructive comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1002/2015WR017876 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DH9LO UT WOS:000373117800002 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Tesoriero, AJ Capel, PD Pellerin, BA Hyer, KE Burns, DA AF Miller, Matthew P. Tesoriero, Anthony J. Capel, Paul D. Pellerin, Brian A. Hyer, Kenneth E. Burns, Douglas A. TI Quantifying watershed-scale groundwater loading and in-stream fate of nitrate using high-frequency water quality data SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BASEFLOW SEPARATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; HEADWATER STREAMS; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITROGEN-CYCLE; ORGANIC-CARBON; DENITRIFICATION AB We describe a new approach that couples hydrograph separation with high-frequency nitrate data to quantify time-variable groundwater and runoff loading of nitrate to streams, and the net in-stream fate of nitrate at the watershed scale. The approach was applied at three sites spanning gradients in watershed size and land use in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Results indicate that 58-73% of the annual nitrate load to the streams was groundwater-discharged nitrate. Average annual first-order nitrate loss rate constants (k) were similar to those reported in both modeling and in-stream process-based studies, and were greater at the small streams (0.06 and 0.22 day(-1)) than at the large river (0.05 day(-1)), but 11% of the annual loads were retained/lost in the small streams, compared with 23% in the large river. Larger streambed area to water volume ratios in small streams results in greater loss rates, but shorter residence times in small streams result in a smaller fraction of nitrate loads being removed than in larger streams. A seasonal evaluation of k values suggests that nitrate was retained/lost at varying rates during the growing season. Consistent with previous studies, streamflow and nitrate concentrations were inversely related to k. This new approach for interpreting high-frequency nitrate data and the associated findings furthers our ability to understand, predict, and mitigate nitrate impacts on streams and receiving waters by providing insights into temporal nitrate dynamics that would be difficult to obtain using traditional field-based studies. C1 [Miller, Matthew P.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Tesoriero, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA. [Capel, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Pellerin, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Hyer, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Richmond, VA USA. [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM mamiller@usgs.gov OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Integrated Watershed Studies program FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Integrated Watershed Studies program. We thank Jessica Hopple and Silvia Terziotti for assistance with data compilation and figure preparation. James Webber maintained the sensors and organized data collection at Smith Creek and Difficult Run. Richard Alexander assisted with estimation of travel times and provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We thank Jeannie Barlow, the Associate Editor, and an anonymous reviewer for their feedback on the manuscript. The data for this paper are publicly available at the websites referenced in the text or by contacting the corresponding author. NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 16 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 330 EP 347 DI 10.1002/2015WR017753 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DH9LO UT WOS:000373117800020 ER PT J AU Wang, XL Planavsky, NJ Reinhard, CT Hein, JR Johnson, TM AF Wang, Xiangli Planavsky, Noah J. Reinhard, Christopher T. Hein, James R. Johnson, Thomas M. TI A CENOZOIC SEAWATER REDOX RECORD DERIVED FROM U-238/U-235 IN FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Uranium isotopes; redox proxies; Cenozoic marine redox ID ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION FACTORS; ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENT; HALF-LIVES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; NITROGEN LOSS; CARBON-CYCLE; PB ISOTOPES; BLACK-SEA; URANIUM AB Oceanic oxygen levels are projected to drop in certain areas due to warming climate, but the net effect to the overall ocean redox state is difficult to predict. Here we measured the "stable" uranium isotope composition (U-238/U-235) in globally representative hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts in order to reconstruct the redox evolution of the global ocean throughout the Cenozoic. Samples averaging similar to 3 Myr intervals have analytically indistinguishable U-238/U-235 throughout the Cenozoic. Combined with a U isotope mass balance model, we suggest that the overall ocean redox state has remained remarkably stable on million year time scales throughout the Cenozoic, despite large surface temperature fluctuations during this time. This suggests that stabilizing feedbacks (for example, nutrient limitation in low oxygen zones) may have prevented dramatic large-scale shifts in oxygen levels in the ocean. However, the Fe-Mn crust record will be unlikely to reflect rapid perturbations in ocean redox state. To investigate these events, sediment archives with faster accumulation rates and redox proxies with faster response time must be explored. C1 [Wang, Xiangli; Planavsky, Noah J.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, POB 6666, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Reinhard, Christopher T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, PCMSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wang, Xiangli; Johnson, Thomas M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, POB 6666, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM xiangli.wang@yale.edu FU Agouron Institute Geobiology Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; NASA Exobiology Program; Afred P. Slogan Foundation FX This work was supported by the Agouron Institute Geobiology Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, the NASA Exobiology Program, and the Afred P. Slogan Foundation. We thank Associate Editor Freidhelm von Blanckenburg, reviewer Stephen Romaniello, and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments that helped improve the quality of the original manuscript. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 316 IS 1 BP 64 EP 83 DI 10.2475/01.2016.02 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH1YY UT WOS:000372582100002 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, JJ Stewart, NT Pegg, MA Pope, KL Porath, MT AF Spurgeon, Jonathan J. Stewart, Nathaniel T. Pegg, Mark A. Pope, Kevin L. Porath, Mark T. TI Using standardized fishery data to inform rehabilitation efforts SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitat; assessment; monitoring; rehabilitation; reservoirs ID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; STREAM RESTORATION; ILLINOIS RIVER; POPULATIONS; RESERVOIRS; DESIGNS; BACI AB Lakes and reservoirs progress through an aging process often accelerated by human activities, resulting in degradation or loss of ecosystem services. Resource managers thus attempt to slow or reverse the negative effects of aging using a myriad of rehabilitation strategies. Sustained monitoring programs to assess the efficacy of rehabilitation strategies are often limited; however, long-term standardized fishery surveys may be a valuable data source from which to begin evaluation. We present 3 case studies using standardized fishery survey data to assess rehabilitation efforts stemming from the Nebraska Aquatic Habitat Plan, a large-scale program with the mission to rehabilitate waterbodies within the state. The case studies highlight that biotic responses to rehabilitation efforts can be assessed, to an extent, using standardized fishery data; however, there were specific areas where minor increases in effort would clarify the effectiveness of rehabilitation techniques. Management of lakes and reservoirs can be streamlined by maximizing the utility of such datasets to work smarter, not harder. To facilitate such efforts, we stress collecting both biotic (e.g., fish lengths and weight) and abiotic (e.g., dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity) data during standardized fishery surveys and designing rehabilitation actions with an appropriate experimental design. C1 [Spurgeon, Jonathan J.; Pegg, Mark A.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Stewart, Nathaniel T.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Porath, Mark T.] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Div Fisheries, 2200 N 33rd St, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Spurgeon, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jonathan.spurgeon@huskers.unl.edu FU US Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the US Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1080/10402381.2015.1118418 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DH0KD UT WOS:000372472200004 ER PT J AU Krogman, RM Miranda, LE AF Krogman, Rebecca M. Miranda, Leandro E. TI Rating US reservoirs relative to fish habitat condition SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; fish; habitat assessment; physical lake features; water quality ID WATER-QUALITY; TROPHIC STATE; LAKES; MANAGEMENT; HARVEST; AGE AB Fish habitats in many aging US reservoirs have become degraded and require broad-scale assessment to rate their status and facilitate rehabilitation efforts. To help prioritize habitat projects in reservoirs, we assembled a rating system for large reservoirs in the contiguous United States. Using responses to an online questionnaire about fish habitat impairment in 1299 large US reservoirs, we applied multivariate analyses to identify combinations of habitat impairment descriptors that quantified broad impairment types (i.e., a construct). Resulting constructs reflected point source pollution, nonpoint source pollution, excessive nutrients, algae blooms, siltation, limited nutrients, mudflats and shallowness, limited connectivity to adjacent habitats, limited littoral structure, nuisance species, anomalous water regimes, and large water level fluctuations. Scores were summed across constructs to create a composite number that rated overall reservoir habitat impairment. Construct and composite scores differed among geographic ecoregions of the United States. This rating system could provide a starting point for prioritizing reservoirs for habitat rehabilitation and enhancement projects. C1 [Krogman, Rebecca M.] Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Krogman, Rebecca M.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, 24570 US Highway 34, Chariton, IA 50049 USA. RP Krogman, RM (reprint author), Iowa Dept Nat Resources, 24570 US Highway 34, Chariton, IA 50049 USA. EM rebecca.krogman@dnr.iowa.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service through the Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service through the Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1080/10402381.2015.1121307 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DH0KD UT WOS:000372472200005 ER PT J AU Ludwig, A Ginsberg, HS Hickling, GJ Ogden, NH AF Ludwig, Antoinette Ginsberg, Howard S. Hickling, Graham J. Ogden, Nicholas H. TI A Dynamic Population Model to Investigate Effects of Climate and Climate-Independent Factors on the Lifecycle of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; modelling; tick-borne disease; lone star tick; Amblyomma americanum ID LONE STAR TICK; LYME-DISEASE VECTOR; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS ACARI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; 2 MAIN KINDS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; UNITED-STATES; RANGE EXPANSION; LABORATORY CONDITIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, is a disease vector of significance for human and animal health throughout much of the eastern United States. To model the potential effects of climate change on this tick, a better understanding is needed of the relative roles of temperature-dependent and temperature-independent (day-length-dependent behavioral or morphogenetic diapause) processes acting on the tick lifecycle. In this study, we explored the roles of these processes by simulating seasonal activity patterns using models with site-specific temperature and day-length-dependent processes. We first modeled the transitions from engorged larvae to feeding nymphs, engorged nymphs to feeding adults, and engorged adult females to feeding larvae. The simulated seasonal patterns were compared against field observations at three locations in United States. Simulations suggested that 1) during the larva-to-nymph transition, some larvae undergo no diapause while others undergo morphogenetic diapause of engorged larvae; 2) molted adults undergo behavioral diapause during the transition from nymph-to-adult; and 3) there is no diapause during the adult-to-larva transition. A model constructed to simulate the full lifecycle of A. americanum successfully predicted observed tick activity at the three U.S. study locations. Some differences between observed and simulated seasonality patterns were observed, however, identifying the need for research to refine some model parameters. In simulations run using temperature data for Montreal, deterministic die-out of A. americanum populations did not occur, suggesting the possibility that current climate in parts of southern Canada is suitable for survival and reproduction of this tick. C1 [Ludwig, Antoinette; Ogden, Nicholas H.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, 3200 Sicotte CP5000, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coastal Field Stn, Woodward Hall PSE, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Hickling, Graham J.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ludwig, A (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, 3200 Sicotte CP5000, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. EM antoinette.ludwig@phac-aspc.gc.ca; hginsberg@usgs.gov; ghickling@gmail.com; nicholas.ogden@phac-aspc.gc.ca FU NSF [EF-0914476] FX We thank Eric Rulison for the field sampling in New Jersey, Milka Radojevic for the access to climate data, Prof. Roger LeBrun (University of Rhode Island) for a thorough review of the paper and pertinent comments, and Prof. Michel Bigras-Poulin (University of Montreal) for his support in model code programming. Crossville data were collected by Jessica Harmon and Cathy Scott (University of Tennessee). Winchester data were collected by Richard Gerhold, Lauren Maestas and other field assistants supported by the NSF "Lyme Gradients Project" award EF-0914476 funding to G.J.H. Dr. Lisa Muller arrange for us to collect ticks from deer during the special March hunt at Winchester. We thank the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency for sampling permits and access to our Winchester and Crossville sites. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP 99 EP 115 DI 10.1093/jme/tjv150 PG 17 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA DG2OU UT WOS:000371907700012 PM 26502753 ER PT B AU Fitzgerald, DG Zhu, B Mills, EL Rudstam, LG Hoskins, SB Haddad, DE Burtch, NR Coleman, JTH Crabtree, DL AF Fitzgerald, Dean G. Zhu, Bin Mills, Edward L. Rudstam, Lars G. Hoskins, Susan B. Haddad, David E. Burtch, Nathan R. Coleman, Jeremy T. H. Crabtree, Darran L. BE Rudstam, LG Mills, EL Jackson, JR Stewart, DJ TI Dynamics of Aquatic Vegetation in Oneida Lake, 1915-2005: a Response to Ecosystem Changes SO ONEIDA LAKE: LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF A MANAGED ECOSYSTEM AND ITS FISHERY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTE GROWTH; ZEBRA MUSSELS; SPATIAL SCALES; SHALLOW LAKES; WATER; PHOSPHORUS; BIOMASS; HABITAT; BAY C1 [Fitzgerald, Dean G.] Premier Environm Serv, Cambridge, ON N3H 2H7, Canada. [Zhu, Bin] Univ Hartford, Dept Biol, Bio Chem Bldg 160A,200 Bloomfield Ave, Hartford, CT 06117 USA. [Mills, Edward L.; Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Hoskins, Susan B.] Cornell Univ, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Haddad, David E.] Eurovision, 107 West 37th St Suite C, New York, NY 10018 USA. [Burtch, Nathan R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Coleman, Jeremy T. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Crabtree, Darran L.] Allegheny Coll, Nat Conservancy, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. RP Fitzgerald, DG (reprint author), Premier Environm Serv, Cambridge, ON N3H 2H7, Canada. EM DFitzgerald@Premiercorp.ca; zhu@hartford.edu; elm5@cornell.edu; lgr1@cornell.edu; sbh1@cornell.edu; Eurovisionopticalii@gmail.com; burtch@umd.edu; Jeremy_Coleman@fws.gov; dcrabtree@tnc.org NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-43-1 PY 2016 BP 181 EP 199 PG 19 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BE4YE UT WOS:000372210100010 ER PT B AU Coleman, JTH DeBruyne, RL Rudstam, LG Jackson, JR VanDeValk, AJ Brooking, TE Adams, CM Richmond, ME AF Coleman, Jeremy T. H. DeBruyne, Robin L. Rudstam, Lars G. Jackson, James R. VanDeValk, Anthony J. Brooking, Thomas E. Adams, Connie M. Richmond, Milo E. BE Rudstam, LG Mills, EL Jackson, JR Stewart, DJ TI Evaluating the Influence of Double-crested Cormorants on Walleye and Yellow Perch Populations in Oneida Lake, New York SO ONEIDA LAKE: LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF A MANAGED ECOSYSTEM AND ITS FISHERY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GREAT-LAKES; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; ROOST HARASSMENT; EASTERN BASIN; ZEBRA MUSSELS; ROUND GOBY; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION; FISHERY; IMPACTS C1 [Coleman, Jeremy T. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [DeBruyne, Robin L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rudstam, Lars G.; Jackson, James R.; VanDeValk, Anthony J.; Brooking, Thomas E.] Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Adams, Connie M.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, 270 Michigan Ave, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. [Richmond, Milo E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Coleman, JTH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM Jeremy_Coleman@fws.gov; rld87@cornell.edu; lgr1@cornell.edu; jrj26@cornell.edu; ajv6@cornell.edu; teb1@cornell.edu; connie.adams@dec.ny.gov; mrichmond2@tweny.rr.com NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-43-1 PY 2016 BP 397 EP 424 PG 28 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BE4YE UT WOS:000372210100019 ER PT J AU Hall, EK Schoolmaster, DR Amado, AM Stets, EG Lennon, JT Domine, LM Cotner, JB AF Hall, E. K. Schoolmaster, D. R., Jr. Amado, A. M. Stets, E. G. Lennon, J. T. Domine, L. M. Cotner, J. B. TI Scaling relationships among drivers of aquatic respiration in temperate lakes: from the smallest to the largest freshwater ecosystems SO INLAND WATERS LA English DT Article DE aquatic respiration; ecosystem size; lake area; planktonic respiration; scaling; watershed area ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BACTERIOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL METABOLISM; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; INLAND WATERS; GROWTH-RATES; PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENTS; RESOURCES; ABUNDANCE AB To address how various environmental parameters control or constrain planktonic respiration (PR), we used geometric scaling relationships and established biological scaling laws to derive quantitative predictions for the relationships among key drivers of PR. We then used empirical measurements of PR and environmental (soluble reactive phosphate [SRP], carbon [DOC], chlorophyll a [Chl-a)], and temperature) and landscape parameters (lake area [LA] and watershed area [WA]) from a set of 44 lakes that varied in size and trophic status to test our hypotheses. We found that landscape-level processes affected PR through direct effects on DOC and temperature and indirectly via SRP. In accordance with predictions made from known relationships and scaling laws, scale coefficients (the parameter that describes the shape of a relationship between 2 variables) were found to be negative and have an absolute value <1. Biological parameters scaled positively with physical and chemical processes in accordance with those predicted from theory or previous studies (i.e., temperature >1, others <1). We also found evidence of a significant relationship between temperature and SRP. Because our dataset included measurements of respiration from small pond catchments to the largest body of freshwater on the planet, Lake Superior, these findings should be applicable to controls of PR for the great majority of temperate aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Hall, E. K.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schoolmaster, D. R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Amado, A. M.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Limnol Lab, Dept Oceanog & Limnol, Posgrad Ecol, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil. [Stets, E. G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Lennon, J. T.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. [Domine, L. M.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN USA. [Cotner, J. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hall, EK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ed.hall@colostate.edu RI Hall, Ed/C-6013-2014; Amado, Andre/H-8727-2013; OI Amado, Andre/0000-0002-7736-8802; Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196; Schoolmaster, Donald/0000-0003-0910-4458 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0527196, DEB-0842441, DEB-0519041] FX AMA and JBC are thankful to the R/V Blue Heron Crew for field help and AMA to CNPq-Brazil for the SPS. A portion of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number OCE-0527196, DEB-0842441 to JTL and SEJ; and DEB-0519041 and OCE-0527196 to JBC. J. Clasen, H. Hendrixson, K. Land, S. Thompson, A. Warren, D. Weeedman, and M. Zylstra provided invaluable assistance with sampling and fieldwork. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 17 PU FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI AMBLESIDE PA THE FERRY HOUSE, FAR SAWREY, AMBLESIDE, CUMBRIA LA22 0LP, ENGLAND SN 2044-2041 EI 2044-205X J9 INLAND WATERS JI Inland Waters PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.5268/IW-6.1.839 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DG1EW UT WOS:000371809400001 ER PT J AU Shakesby, RA Moody, JA Martin, DA Robichaud, PR AF Shakesby, Richard A. Moody, John A. Martin, Deborah A. Robichaud, Peter R. TI Synthesising empirical results to improve predictions of post-wildfire runoff and erosion response SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE ash; climate change; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; overland flow; precipitation; scale ID SOIL-EROSION; DEBRIS FLOWS; RAINFALL; FOREST; FIRE; INFILTRATION; ASH AB Advances in research into wildfire impacts on runoff and erosion have demonstrated increasing complexity of controlling factors and responses, which, combined with changing fire frequency, present challenges for modellers. We convened a conference attended by experts and practitioners in post-wildfire impacts, meteorology and related research, including modelling, to focus on priority research issues. The aim was to improve our understanding of controls and responses and the predictive capabilities of models. This conference led to the eight selected papers in this special issue. They address aspects of the distinctiveness in the controls and responses among wildfire regions, spatiotemporal rainfall variability, infiltration, runoff connectivity, debris flow formation and modelling applications. Here we summarise key findings from these papers and evaluate their contribution to improving understanding and prediction of post-wildfire runoff and erosion under changes in climate, human intervention and population pressure on wildfire-prone areas. C1 [Shakesby, Richard A.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Robichaud, Peter R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 South Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Shakesby, RA (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. EM r.a.shakesby@swansea.ac.uk FU US Geological Survey; US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Joint Fire Science Program; Nature Conservancy; Paige Lewis; Decagon Services; National Science Foundation; American Geophysical Union; College of Science, Swansea University FX The effort to make improvements in predicting post-wildfire responses is not trivial, but this initial step was the result of support from the US Geological Survey, US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Joint Fire Science Program, The Nature Conservancy, and particularly Paige Lewis, Decagon Services, National Science Foundation, American Geophysical Union, and College of Science, Swansea University. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.1071/WF16021 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8QF UT WOS:000371622400001 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Ebel, BA Nyman, P Martin, DA Stoof, CR McKinley, R AF Moody, John A. Ebel, Brian A. Nyman, Petter Martin, Deborah A. Stoof, Cathelijne R. McKinley, Randy TI Relations between soil hydraulic properties and burn severity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductivity; infiltration; sorptivity; wildfire ID POST-WILDFIRE SOILS; WATER REPELLENCY; INFILTRATION EQUATION; FIRE; RUNOFF; EROSION; FLOW; ASH; HYDROPHOBICITY; INFILTROMETER AB Wildfire can affect soil hydraulic properties, often resulting in reduced infiltration. The magnitude of change in infiltration varies depending on the burn severity. Quantitative approaches to link burn severity with changes in infiltration are lacking. This study uses controlled laboratory measurements to determine relations between a remotely sensed burn severity metric (dNBR, change in normalised burn ratio) and soil hydraulic properties (SHPs). SHPs were measured on soil cores collected from an area burned by the 2013 Black Forest fire in Colorado, USA. Six sites with the same soil type were selected across a range of burn severities, and 10 random soil cores were collected from each site within a 30-m diameter circle. Cumulative infiltration measurements were made in the laboratory using a tension infiltrometer to determine field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, K-fs, and sorptivity, S. These measurements were correlated with dNBR for values ranging from 124 (low severity) to 886 (high severity). SHPs were related to dNBR by inverse functions for specific conditions of water repellency (at the time of sampling) and soil texture. Both functions had a threshold value for dNBR between 124 and 420, where K-fs and S were unchanged and equal to values for soil unaffected by fire. For dNBRs > similar to 420, the K-fs was an exponentially decreasing function of dNBR and S was a linearly decreasing function of dNBR. These initial quantitative empirical relations provide a first step to link SHPs to burn severity, and can be used in quantitative infiltration models to predict post-wildfire infiltration and resulting runoff. C1 [Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ebel, Brian A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Nyman, Petter] Univ Melbourne, Dept Forest & Ecosyst Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Stoof, Cathelijne R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Stoof, Cathelijne R.] Wageningen Univ, Soil Geog & Landscape Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [McKinley, Randy] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57030 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU National Science Foundation; Nature Conservancy FX We especially wish to acknowledge the National Audubon Society, whose onsite manager, Justin Pepper, gave us access to a large burned area with a gradient in burn severity that allowed us to sample on one property without having to obtain permission from multiple property owners. The measurements were definitely a team effort by the authors and by other participants in the 2013 AGU Chapman Conference, 'Synthesising Empirical Results to Improve Predictions of Post-Wildfire Runoff and Erosion Response': (1) Rick Shakesby, Victoria Stempniewicz, Amanda Martens and Chris Williams; (2) Pete Robichaud, Artemi Cerda, Stefan Doerr, Lea Wittenberg and Dan Malkinson; (3) Vicky Balfour, Christina Santin and Peter Jordan; (4) Christoph Langhans, Rene Van der Sant, Diana Vieira and Mary Ellen Miller; (5) Merche Bodi, Ryan Bart, Jing Tao and Li Chen; (6) Sandra Ryan-Burkett, Pete Wohlgemuth and Jason Williams; (7) Karletta Chief, Charles Ichoku, David Scott and Rose Shillito; (8) Francis Rengers, Brian Sheppard and Ann Youberg; (9) Gary Sheridan, Charlie Luce, Joe Wagenbrenner and Greg Bevenger. David Kinner made numerous and careful mini disk measurements while perched on dry, steep raveling slopes in the Verdugo Mountains burned by the 2005 Harvard fire. Travel for some Chapman conference participants was funded in part by the National Science Foundation and The Nature Conservancy. We also greatly appreciate the repeated efforts of the Associate Editor who helped us to produce a concise and focussed scientific publication. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 17 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 279 EP 293 DI 10.1071/WF14062 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8QF UT WOS:000371622400004 ER PT J AU Stoof, CR Gevaert, AI Baver, C Hassanpour, B Morales, VL Zhang, W Martin, D Giri, SK Steenhuis, TS AF Stoof, Cathelijne R. Gevaert, Anouk I. Baver, Christine Hassanpour, Bahareh Morales, Veronica L. Zhang, Wei Martin, Deborah Giri, Shree K. Steenhuis, Tammo S. TI Can pore-clogging by ash explain post-fire runoff? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductivity; infiltration; wildland fire ash ID SOIL-WATER-REPELLENCY; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; PARTICLE-SIZE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; COLLOID TRANSPORT; FOREST-FIRE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CAPILLARY BARRIERS; DIVERSION CAPACITY AB Ash plays an important role in controlling runoff and erosion processes after wildfire and has frequently been hypothesised to clog soil pores and reduce infiltration. Yet evidence for clogging is incomplete, as research has focussed on identifying the presence of ash in soil; the actual flow processes remain unknown. We conducted laboratory infiltration experiments coupled with microscope observations in pure sands, saturated hydraulic conductivity analysis, and interaction energy calculations, to test whether ash can clog pores (i.e. block pores such that infiltration is hampered and ponding occurs). Although results confirmed previous observations of ash washing into pores, clogging was not observed in the pure sands tested, nor were conditions found for which this does occur. Clogging by means of strong attachment of ash to sand was deemed unlikely given the negative surface charge of the two materials. Ponding due to washing in of ash was also considered improbable given the high saturated conductivity of pure ash and ash-sand mixtures. This first mechanistic step towards analysing ash transport and attachment processes in field soils therefore suggests that pore clogging by ash is unlikely to occur in sands. Discussion is provided on other mechanisms by which ash can affect post-fire hydrology. C1 [Stoof, Cathelijne R.; Gevaert, Anouk I.; Baver, Christine; Hassanpour, Bahareh; Giri, Shree K.; Steenhuis, Tammo S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stoof, Cathelijne R.] Wageningen Univ, Soil Geog & Landscape Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Gevaert, Anouk I.] Wageningen Univ, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Gevaert, Anouk I.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Earth & Climate Cluster, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Morales, Veronica L.] Abertay Univ, SIMBIOS Ctr, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland. [Morales, Veronica L.] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Zhang, Wei] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, Environm Sci & Policy Program, 1066 Bogue St, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Martin, Deborah] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St E147, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Stoof, CR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.; Stoof, CR (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Soil Geog & Landscape Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM cathelijne.stoof@wur.nl RI Morales, Veronica /C-7617-2014; OI Zhang, Wei/0000-0002-2937-1732 FU International Association of Wildland Fire Scholarship; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2013-67019-21377] FX We thank Douglas Caveney for constructing the flow chambers, Elliot Friedman for providing the wire mesh, and Xavi Ubeda, Maria do Rosario Melo da Costa and Stefan Doerr for supplying some of the wildland fire ashes, Peter J. Vermeulen and Brian Ebel for discussion, Christian Munoz for assistance with the HIROX microscope, Keith J. Lucey for proofreading, and Randall Schaetzl for determining particle size distribution of the ash. We also thank the participants of the AGU Chapman conference 'Synthesizing empirical results to improve predictions of post-wildfire runoff and erosion responses' for scenarios to test to get ash to clog pores, such as by using dry sand and raindrop impact. This work was partially supported by an International Association of Wildland Fire Scholarship (C.R.S.) and an Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive grant no. 2013-67019-21377 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 294 EP 305 DI 10.1071/WF15037 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8QF UT WOS:000371622400005 ER PT J AU Lenz, J Grosse, G Jones, BM Anthony, KMW Bobrov, A Wulf, S Wetterich, S AF Lenz, Josefine Grosse, Guido Jones, Benjamin M. Anthony, Katey M. Walter Bobrov, Anatoly Wulf, Sabine Wetterich, Sebastian TI Mid-Wisconsin to Holocene Permafrost and Landscape Dynamics based on a Drained Lake Basin Core from the Northern Seward Peninsula, Northwest Alaska SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Beringia; palaeoenvironmental reconstruction; thermokarst lake dynamics; cryostratigraphy; tephra; bioindicators; yedoma ID WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; BERING LAND-BRIDGE; SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; KOTZEBUE SOUND AREA; LATE QUATERNARY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TUKTOYAKTUK COASTLANDS; PERIGLACIAL LANDSCAPE AB Permafrost-related processes drive regional landscape dynamics in the Arctic terrestrial system. A better understanding of past periods indicative of permafrost degradation and aggradation is important for predicting the future response of Arctic landscapes to climate change. Here, we used a multi-proxy approach to analyse a4m long sediment core from a drained thermokarst lake basin on the northern Seward Peninsula in western Arctic Alaska (USA). Sedimentological, biogeochemical, geochronological, micropalaeontological (ostracoda, testate amoebae) and tephra analyses were used to determine the long-term environmental Early-Wisconsin to Holocene history preserved in our core for central Beringia. Yedoma accumulation dominated throughout the Early to Late-Wisconsin but was interrupted by wetland formation from 44.5 to 41.5ka BP. The latter was terminated by the deposition of 1m of volcanic tephra, most likely originating from the South Killeak Maar eruption at about 42ka BP. Yedoma deposition continued until 22.5ka BP and was followed by a depositional hiatus in the sediment core between 22.5 and 0.23ka BP. We interpret this hiatus as due to intense thermokarst activity in the areas surrounding the site, which served as a sediment source during the Late-Wisconsin to Holocene climate transition. The lake forming the modern basin on the upland initiated around 0.23ka BP and drained catastrophically in spring 2005. The present study emphasises that Arctic lake systems and periglacial landscapes are highly dynamic and that permafrost formation as well as degradation in central Beringia was controlled by regional to global climate patterns as well as by local disturbances. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lenz, Josefine; Grosse, Guido; Wetterich, Sebastian] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Dept Periglacial Res, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Lenz, Josefine] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Anthony, Katey M. Walter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bobrov, Anatoly] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Soil Sci, Moscow 117234, Russia. [Wulf, Sabine] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Sect Climate Dynam & Landscape Evolut 5 2, Potsdam, Germany. RP Lenz, J (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Dept Periglacial Res, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM Josefine.Lenz@awi.de RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Lenz, Josefine/0000-0002-4050-3169 FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01DJ14003]; NSF [ARC0732735]; NASA [NNX08AJ37G]; Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative (LCC) [WA2011-02]; University of Potsdam FX The study contributes to the Arctic Ecological Network (Arc-EcoNet) funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF Grant No. 01DJ14003). Funding was provided by the NSF (ARC0732735), the NASA (NNX08AJ37G), the Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative (LCC) (WA2011-02) and a doctoral stipend by the University of Potsdam awarded to Josefine Lenz. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 106 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1045-6740 EI 1099-1530 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 1 BP 56 EP 75 DI 10.1002/ppp.1848 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DG1LQ UT WOS:000371830000006 ER PT J AU Wills, PS Pfeiffer, T Baptiste, R Watten, B AF Wills, Paul S. Pfeiffer, Timothy Baptiste, Richard Watten, Barnaby TI Application of a fluidized bed reactor charged with aragonite for control of alkalinity, pH and carbon dioxide in marine recirculating aquaculture systems SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pH; Carbon dioxide; Control; Aragonite; Alkalinity ID SALMO-SALAR L.; WATER; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; MANAGEMENT; DESIGN; SMOLTS AB Control of alkalinity, dissolved carbon dioxide (dCO(2)), and pH are critical in marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in order to maintain health and maximize growth. A small-scale prototype aragonite sand filled fluidized bed reactor was tested under varying conditions of alkalinity and dCO(2) to develop and model the response of dCO(2) across the reactor. A large-scale reactor was then incorporated into an operating marine recirculating aquaculture system to observe the reactor as the system moved toward equilibrium. The relationship between alkalinity dCO(2), and pH across the reactor are described by multiple regression equations. The change in dCO(2) across the small-scale reactor indicated a strong likelihood that an equilibrium alkalinity would be maintained by using a fluidized bed aragonite reactor. The large-scale reactor verified this observation and established equilibrium at an alkalinity of approximately 135 mg/L as CaCO3, dCO(2) of 9 mg/L, and a pH of 7.0 within 4 days that was stable during a 14 day test period. The fluidized bed aragonite reactor has the potential to simplify alkalinity and pH control, and aid in dCO(2) control in RAS design and operation. Aragonite sand, purchased in bulk, is less expensive than sodium bicarbonate and could reduce overall operating production costs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wills, Paul S.; Baptiste, Richard] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Pfeiffer, Timothy] USDA ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Watten, Barnaby] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Pfeiffer, Timothy] Aquaculture Syst Technol LLC, 108 Ind Ave, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA. RP Wills, PS (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM pwills2@fau.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [6225-63000-007-00D] FX We would like to thank CaribSea, Inc. for providing the aragonite sand used for these experiments and to Jay Adams, Gary Luisi, and, Peter Stock of FAU-HBOI for facility support. This study was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service under Project No. 6225-63000-007-00D. All programs and services of the U.S. Government are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2015.10.001 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA DF4ZV UT WOS:000371362500008 ER PT B AU Miller, HM Serbina, LO Richardson, LA Ryker, SJ Newman, TR AF Miller, Holly M. Serbina, Larisa O. Richardson, Leslie A. Ryker, Sarah J. Newman, Timothy R. BE Drake, JL Kontar, YY Eichelberger, JC Rupp, TS Taylor, KM TI The Value of Earth Observations: Methods and Findings on the Value of Landsat Imagery SO COMMUNICATING CLIMATE-CHANGE AND NATURAL HAZARD RISK AND CULTIVATING RESILIENCE: CASE STUDIES FOR A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Landsat imagery; Value of information; Socioeconomic benefits; Remote sensing; Earth observations AB Data from Earth observation systems are used extensively in managing and monitoring natural resources, natural hazards, and the impacts of climate change, but the value of such data can be difficult to estimate, particularly when it is available at no cost. Assessing the socioeconomic and scientific value of these data provides a better understanding of the existing and emerging research, science, and applications related to this information and contributes to the decision-making process regarding current and future Earth observation systems. Recent USGS research on Landsat data has advanced the literature in this area by using a variety of methods to estimate value. The results of a 2012 survey of Landsat users, a 2013 requirements assessment, and a 2013 case studies of applications of Landsat imagery are discussed. C1 [Miller, Holly M.; Serbina, Larisa O.; Richardson, Leslie A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Ryker, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Climate & Land Use Change, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Newman, Timothy R.] US Geol Survey, Land Remote Sensing Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Miller, HM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM millerh@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-3-319-20161-0; 978-3-319-20160-3 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2016 VL 45 BP 223 EP 237 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20161-0_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-20161-0 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BE2IS UT WOS:000369387100016 ER PT J AU Hatch, JM Wiley, D Murray, KT Welch, L AF Hatch, Joshua M. Wiley, David Murray, Kimberly T. Welch, Linda TI Integrating Satellite-Tagged Seabird and Fishery-Dependent Data: A Case Study of Great Shearwaters (Puffinus gravis) and the US New England Sink Gillnet Fishery SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bycatch; great shearwater; overlap; satellite tagging; seabird AB Identifying the overlap of commercial fishing grounds and seabird habitat can suggest areas of high bycatch risk and inform management and mitigation measures. We used Bayesian state space modeling to describe the movements of 10 satellite-tagged Great Shearwaters and a bivariate kernel density technique to investigate spatial overlap with commercial fishing effort to predict areas of high bycatch in the Gulf of Maine. We then used contemporaneous fishery observer data to test the validity of our predictions, highlighting an area constituting 1% of the Gulf of Maine as having the highest bycatch risk that accounted for 50% of observed takes. Fishery observer data also provided insights into characteristics of the seabird-fishery interactions. Our results indicate that a relatively small number of satellite-tagged seabirds, when combined with fishery-dependent data, can lead to identifying high-bycatch areas, particular fishing practices that might increase risk, and fishing communities that could be targeted for education/mitigation. C1 [Hatch, Joshua M.] Integrated Stat Inc, 172 Shearwater Way, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Wiley, David] Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 01938 USA. [Murray, Kimberly T.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Welch, Linda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maine Coast Islands Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 279, Milbridge, ME 04658 USA. RP Hatch, JM (reprint author), 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM joshua.hatch@noaa.gov FU Volgenau Foundation; Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; National Marine Sanctuary Foundation FX We thank observers and staff of the Fisheries Sampling Branch, Northeast Fisheries Science Center for data collection and editing. We would also like to thank Peter Corkeron, Michael Simpkins, Andrew Rosenberg, Leigh Torres, and an anonymous reviewer who improved the quality of this manuscript. Michael Thompson, Andrew Allyn, and the crew of the NOAA R/V Auk aided the collection of shearwater data. Funding for the project was provided by the Volgenau Foundation, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, and National Marine Sanctuary Foundation. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1111/conl.12178 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DF3JX UT WOS:000371241200006 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Aldinger, JL Braham, MA Zimmerman, JL AF Welsh, Stuart A. Aldinger, Joni L. Braham, Melissa A. Zimmerman, Jennifer L. TI Synergistic and singular effects of river discharge and lunar illumination on dam passage of upstream migrant yellow-phase American eels SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Eels Symposium held during the Annual Meeting American-Fisheries-Society (AFS) CY AUG 18-21, 2014 CL Quebec, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc DE American eel; fish pass; migration ID GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; RHODE-ISLAND; FISH PASSAGE; MIGRATION; VIRGINIA; DRAINAGE; MOVEMENTS; MODELS AB Monitoring of dam passage can be useful for management and conservation assessments of American eel, particularly if passage counts can be examined over multiple years. During a 7-year study (2007-2013) of upstream migration of American eels within the lower Shenandoah River (Potomac River drainage), we counted and measured American eels at the Millville Dam eel pass, where annual study periods were determined by the timing of the eel pass installation during spring or summer and removal during fall. Daily American eel counts were analysed with negative binomial regression models, with and without a year (YR) effect, and with the following time-varying environmental covariates: river discharge of the Shenandoah River at Millville (RDM) and of the Potomac River at Point of Rocks, lunar illumination (LI), water temperature, and cloud cover. A total of 17 161 yellow-phase American eels used the pass during the seven annual periods, and length measurements were obtained from 9213 individuals (mean = 294 mmTL, s.e. = 0.49, range 183-594 mm). Data on passage counts of American eels supported an additive-effects model (YR + LI + RDM) where parameter estimates were positive for river discharge (b = 7.3, s.e. = 0.01) and negative for LI (beta = 21.9, s.e. = 0.34). Interestingly, RDM and LI acted synergistically and singularly as correlates of upstream migration of American eels, but the highest daily counts and multiple-day passage events were associated with increased RDM. Annual installation of the eel pass during late spring or summer prevented an early spring assessment, a period with higher RDM relative to those values obtained during sampling periods. Because increases in river discharge are climatically controlled events, upstream migration events of American eels within the Potomac River drainage are likely linked to the influence of climate variability on flow regime. C1 [Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Aldinger, Joni L.; Braham, Melissa A.; Zimmerman, Jennifer L.] Univ Virginia, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv052 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AE UT WOS:000371140700005 ER PT J AU Shertzer, KW Bacheler, NM Coggins, LG Fieberg, J AF Shertzer, Kyle W. Bacheler, Nathan M. Coggins, Lewis G., Jr. Fieberg, John TI Relating trap capture to abundance: a hierarchical state-space model applied to black sea bass (Centropristis striata) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; Bayesian analysis; black sea bass; fish traps ID SOAK TIME; SATURATION; ESCAPEMENT; ENTRY; CATCH; VIDEO; CRAB; FISHERIES; BEHAVIOR; RATES AB Traps are among the most common gears used to capture fish and crustaceans. When traps are deployed in surveys, the data gathered are often used to develop an index of abundance. However, trap catches are known to saturate over time for various reasons, such as space limitation of the gear or intraspecific interactions, and these features can dissociate the catch from local abundance. In this study, we develop a hierarchical state-space model of trap dynamics that is fit to data in a Bayesian framework. The model links trap catch to estimated local abundance, and additionally provides direct estimates of capture probability. For demonstration, we apply the model to data on black sea bass (Centropristis striata), which were collected using chevron traps combined with video cameras to give continuous-time observations of trap entries and exits. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that trap catch is generally proportional to local abundance. The model has potential application to surveys where animals not only enter a trap, but also may exit, such that the apparent trap saturation occurs because the system approaches equilibrium. C1 [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Bacheler, Nathan M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK USA. [Fieberg, John] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Shertzer, KW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM kyle.shertzer@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 73 IS 2 BP 512 EP 519 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv197 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AN UT WOS:000371141600031 ER PT J AU Long, JW Ozkan-Haller, HT AF Long, J. W. Oezkan-Haller, H. T. TI Forcing and variability of nonstationary rip currents SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE rip currents; nearshore circulation; waves ID CURRENT SYSTEM; WATER AB Surface wave transformation and the resulting nearshore circulation along a section of coast with strong alongshore bathymetric gradients outside the surf zone are modeled for a consecutive 4 week time period. The modeled hydrodynamics are compared to in situ measurements of waves and currents collected during the Nearshore Canyon Experiment and indicate that for the entire range of observed conditions, the model performance is similar to other studies along this stretch of coast. Strong alongshore wave height gradients generate rip currents that are observed by remote sensing data and predicted qualitatively well by the numerical model. Previous studies at this site have used idealized scenarios to link the rip current locations to undulations in the offshore bathymetry but do not explain the dichotomy between permanent offshore bathymetric features and intermittent rip current development. Model results from the month-long simulation are used to track the formation and location of rip currents using hourly statistics, and results show that the direction of the incoming wave energy strongly controls whether rip currents form. In particular, most of the offshore wave spectra were bimodal and we find that the ratio of energy contained in each mode dictates rip current development, and the alongshore rip current position is controlled by the incident wave period. Additionally, model simulations performed with and without updating the nearshore morphology yield no significant change in the accuracy of the predicted surf zone hydrodyanmics indicating that the large-scale offshore features (e.g., submarine canyon) predominately control the nearshore wave-circulation system. C1 [Long, J. W.] US Geol Survey, St Petersuburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. T.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersuburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM jwlong@usgs.gov FU Littoral Geosciences and Optics Program [N00014-02-1-0198]; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Office of Naval Research FX The authors express their gratitude to all researchers involved with the Nearshore Canyon Experiment for their contributions in collecting and processing this valuable data set. In addition, special thanks to Bill O'Reilly and the Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) for furnishing measurements of and guidance regarding the offshore wave climate. The in situ observations were collected and provided by Steve Elgar and Britt Raubenheimer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution PVLAB and Bob Guza at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Rob Holman and the Coastal Imaging Laboratory were responsible for collecting and providing the Argus data. We also thank Tom Lippman for collection of the bathymetric surveys. Jenna Brown, two anonymous reviewers, and the journal editors all provided valuable feedback that improved this paper. This research was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Littoral Geosciences and Optics Program under grant N00014-02-1-0198 and the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Model setup and output from this study can be made available upon request to the corresponding author (jwlong@usgs.gov). NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 520 EP 539 DI 10.1002/2015JC010990 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF5ZH UT WOS:000371432200030 ER PT J AU Antolinez, JAA Mendez, FJ Camus, P Vitousek, S Gonzalez, EM Ruggiero, P Barnard, P AF Antolinez, Jose Antonio A. Mendez, Fernando J. Camus, Paula Vitousek, Sean Mauricio Gonzalez, E. Ruggiero, Peter Barnard, Patrick TI A multiscale climate emulator for long-term morphodynamics (MUSCLE-morpho) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE multivariate wave climate emulator; morphodynamics; long-term; statistical downscaling; climate variability; climate change ID WAVE CLIMATE; REANALYSIS; EROSION; SIMULATION; MODELS AB Interest in understanding long-term coastal morphodynamics has recently increased as climate change impacts become perceptible and accelerated. Multiscale, behavior-oriented and process-based models, or hybrids of the two, are typically applied with deterministic approaches which require considerable computational effort. In order to reduce the computational cost of modeling large spatial and temporal scales, input reduction and morphological acceleration techniques have been developed. Here we introduce a general framework for reducing dimensionality of wave-driver inputs to morphodynamic models. The proposed framework seeks to account for dependencies with global atmospheric circulation fields and deals simultaneously with seasonality, interannual variability, long-term trends, and autocorrelation of wave height, wave period, and wave direction. The model is also able to reproduce future wave climate time series accounting for possible changes in the global climate system. An application of long-term shoreline evolution is presented by comparing the performance of the real and the simulated wave climate using a one-line model. C1 [Antolinez, Jose Antonio A.; Mendez, Fernando J.; Camus, Paula; Mauricio Gonzalez, E.] Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain. [Vitousek, Sean; Barnard, Patrick] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Antolinez, JAA (reprint author), Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain. EM aantolinezja@unican.es OI Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 FU MEC (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, Spain) [BOE-A-2013-12235]; Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" [BIA2014-59643-R]; U.S. Geological Survey [G15AC00426]; "Assessment of climate impacts on coastal systems in Europe" from the European Commission, JRC, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) [2013/S 122-208379] FX Jose Antonio A. Antolinez is indebted to the MEC (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, Spain) for the funding provided in the FPU (Formacion del Profesorado Universitario) studentship (BOE-A-2013-12235). J. A. A. Antolinez, F. J. Mendez, and E. M. Gonzalez acknowledge the support of the Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" under Grant BIA2014-59643-R. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Grant/Cooperative Agreement G15AC00426. The work has been partially funded by project "2013/S 122-208379-Assessment of climate impacts on coastal systems in Europe" from the European Commission, JRC, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS). Wave data from Global Ocean Waves (GOW) database could be requested to Environmental Hydraulics Institute at email address: ihdata@ihcantabria.com. NCEP reanalysis data are provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 775 EP 791 DI 10.1002/2015JC011107 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF5ZH UT WOS:000371432200045 ER PT J AU Robinson, JM Wilberg, MJ Adams, JV Jones, ML AF Robinson, Jason M. Wilberg, Michael J. Adams, Jean V. Jones, Michael L. TI Tradeoff between Assessment and Control of Aquatic Invasive Species: A Case Study of Sea Lamprey Management in the St. Marys River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; FISH COMMUNITY; INFORMATION; DYNAMICS; HURON; MODEL AB Allocating resources between the gathering of information to guide management actions and implementing those actions presents an inherent tradeoff. This tradeoff is evident for control of the Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus in the St. Marys River, connecting Lakes Huron and Superior and a major source of parasitic Sea Lampreys to Lake Huron and northern Lake Michigan. Larval Sea Lampreys in the St. Marys River are controlled through the application of Bayluscide, which is applied to areas of high larval density. Bayluscide applications are guided with an annual deepwater electrofishing survey to estimate larval Sea Lamprey density at relatively fine spatial scales. We took a resampling approach to describe the effect of sampling intensity on the success of the larval Sea Lamprey management program and explicitly incorporated the economic tradeoff between assessment and control efforts to maximize numbers of larvae killed in the St. Marys River. When no tradeoff between assessment and control was incorporated, increasing assessment always led to more larvae killed for the same treatment budget. When the tradeoff was incorporated, the sampling intensity that maximized the number of larvae killed depended on the overall budget available. Increased sampling intensities maximized effectiveness under medium to large budgets (US$0.4 to $2.0 million), and intermediate sampling intensities maximized effectiveness under low budgets. Sea Lamprey control actions based on assessment information outperformed those that were implemented with no assessment under all budget scenarios. C1 [Robinson, Jason M.; Wilberg, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Robinson, Jason M.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Lake Erie Fisheries Res Unit, 178 Point Dr North, Dunkirk, NY 14048 USA. RP Robinson, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.; Robinson, JM (reprint author), New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Lake Erie Fisheries Res Unit, 178 Point Dr North, Dunkirk, NY 14048 USA. EM jason.robinson@dec.ny.gov RI Wilberg, Michael/D-6289-2013 OI Wilberg, Michael/0000-0001-8982-5946 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX This research was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Brian Irwin, Mike Steeves, Mike Fodale, Andy Treble, Kevin Tallon, Roger Bergstedt, and Jessica Barber provided valuable insights and support. We also thank the staff of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, for providing field support for this effort. This is contribution 5129 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, contribution 1963 of the Great Lakes Science Center, and number 2016-04 of the MSU Quantitative Fisheries Center. Use of trade, product, or firm name does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1103822 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300002 ER PT J AU Chiotti, JA Boase, JC Hondorp, DW Briggs, AS AF Chiotti, Justin A. Boase, James C. Hondorp, Darryl W. Briggs, Andrew S. TI Assigning Sex and Reproductive Stage to Adult Lake Sturgeon using Ultrasonography and Common Morphological Measurements SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; ATLANTIC STURGEON; RIVER; MANAGEMENT; MATURITY AB Sex determination of fish species is difficult to assess when sexual dimorphism and gametes are not apparent. For threatened and endangered fish species, noninvasive techniques are needed when determining sex to minimize stress and the potential for mortality. We evaluated the use of a portable ultrasound unit to determine sex of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in the field. Ultrasound images were collected from 9 yellow-egg (F2, F3), 32 black-egg (F4, F5), and 107 fully developed male (M2) Lake Sturgeon. Two readers accurately assigned sex to 88-96% of fish, but accuracy varied in relation to maturity stage. Black-egg females and fully developed males were correctly identified for 89-100% of the fish sampled, while these two readers identified yellow-egg females only 33% and 67% of the time. Time spent collecting images ranged between 2 and 3 min once the user was comfortable with operating procedures. Discriminant analysis revealed the total length : girth ratio was a strong predictor of sex and maturity, correctly classifying 81% of black-egg females and 97% of the fully developed males. However, yellow-egg females were incorrectly classified on all occasions. This study shows the utility of using ultrasonography and a total length : girth ratio for sex determination of Lake Sturgeon in later reproductive stages around the spawning season. C1 [Chiotti, Justin A.; Boase, James C.; Briggs, Andrew S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off Waterford Su, 7806 Gale Rd, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. [Hondorp, Darryl W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Chiotti, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off Waterford Su, 7806 Gale Rd, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. EM justin_chiotti@fws.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2011.1200] FX The authors thank staff of the Lake St. Clair Fisheries Research Station: Mike Thomas, Todd Wills, Roy Beasley, Brad Utrup, Jeremy Maranowski, and Jason Pauken. We also thank staff from the U.S. Coast Guard Station in Port Huron, Michigan, for use of their facilities during the duration of this project. Trevor Pitcher and Jennifer Smith from the University of Windsor; Lloyd Mohr, Rich Drouin, Chris Gignac, Robert Dietz, Christine Scott, Karen Soper, and Tyler Genereaux from the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Lisa Kaulfersch, Steven Gray, and Timothy Desorcie from the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center; Margaret Hutton, Eric Stadig, and Jeremy Moore from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Tina Whitaker and Jami Marranca from West Virginia University; and volunteers Sheri Faust, Mitchell Dender, and Audrey Elzerman. This article is contribution number 1960 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Partial funding from this research came from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and Great Lakes Fishery Trust (grant number2011.1200). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1103823 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300003 ER PT J AU Ng, EL Fredericks, JP Quist, MC AF Ng, Elizabeth L. Fredericks, Jim P. Quist, Michael C. TI Population Dynamics and Evaluation of Alternative Management Strategies for Nonnative Lake Trout in Priest Lake, Idaho SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MICHIGAN WATERS; YELLOWSTONE LAKE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISH COMMUNITY; GROWTH-RATES; CATCH-CURVE; SUPERIOR; SUPPRESSION; FISHERIES AB Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush have been introduced widely throughout the western USA to enhance recreational fisheries, but high predatory demand can create challenges for management of yield and trophy fisheries alike. Lake Trout were introduced to Priest Lake, Idaho, during the 1920s, but few fishery-independent data are available to guide current or future management actions. We collected fishery-independent data to describe population dynamics and evaluate potential management scenarios using an age-structured population model. Lake Trout in Priest Lake were characterized by fast growth at young ages, which resulted in young age at maturity. However, adult growth rates and body condition were lower than for other Lake Trout populations. High rates of skipped spawning (>50%) were also observed. Model projections indicated that the population was growing (lambda = 1.03). Eradication could be achieved by increasing annual mortality to 0.32, approximately twice the current rate. A protected slot length limit could increase population length-structure, but few fish grew fast enough to exit the slot. In contrast, a juvenile removal scenario targeting age-2 to age-5 Lake Trout maintained short-term harvest of trophy-length individuals while reducing overall population abundance. C1 [Ng, Elizabeth L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr,Mail Stop 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Fredericks, Jim P.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 600 South Walnut St,POB 25, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 875 Perimeter Dr,Mail Stop 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Ng, EL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr,Mail Stop 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ng1262@vandals.uidaho.edu FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act; U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank C. Brown, K. Griffin, J. Johnson, N. Porter, T. Schill, M. Terrazas, and S. Whitlock for their assistance with field research, and Hickey Brothers Fisheries for assistance with netting. We also thank T. Johnson, Z. Klein, J. Rachlow, D. Schill, J. Syslo, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act and by Idaho anglers via license fees, along with the Kalispel Tribe of Indians. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. This project was conducted under the University of Idaho Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 2012-22. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 40 EP 54 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1111279 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300005 ER PT J AU Dunton, KJ Jordaan, A Secor, DH Martinez, CM Kehler, T Hattala, KA Van Eenennaam, JP Fisher, MT McKown, KA Conover, DO Frisk, MG AF Dunton, Keith J. Jordaan, Adrian Secor, David H. Martinez, Christopher M. Kehler, Thomas Hattala, Kathy A. Van Eenennaam, Joel P. Fisher, Matthew T. McKown, Kim A. Conover, David O. Frisk, Michael G. TI Age and Growth of Atlantic Sturgeon in the New York Bight SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; PECTORAL FIN RAYS; HUDSON RIVER; NORTH-AMERICA; SAMPLE-SIZE; MIXED-STOCK; HABITAT USE; PRECISION; ACCURACY; FISHERY AB Accurate estimates of age and growth of fishes are important in the management and conservation of species and for the development of modeling approaches. Assessments of endangered or rare species typically are limited by poor or inadequate data owing to low abundance, unrepresentative sampling, and/or restrictions on sampling. Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, which occurs along the east coast of North America, has five distinct population segments (DPSs) listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The New York Bight (NYB) DPS is listed as endangered and represents the largest DPS in the United States. Coastal trawl surveys from 2005 to 2012 were used to evaluate the current age structure of the NYB DPS. A total of 21 year-classes (mean age = 8.89 years, n = 742 fish) were observed. Age data for the NYB DPS were combined with other available age estimates from multiple research laboratories and sources (n = 2,774) in the Hudson River and Delaware River as well from the coastal regions of New York, New Jersey, and Delaware from 1975 to 2012. Collectively, the combined data set captured much of the age range of the species, minimizing age biases and resulting in improved von Bertalanffy parameter estimates (L-infinity = 278.87, K = 0.057, t(0) = -1.27) with high overall model fit (r(2) = 0.87). We assessed the effects of individual data sets through a series of leave-one-out bootstrap routines that evaluated the influence of each data set on growth parameter estimates. The parameter estimates of the von Bertalanffy growth function were influenced by sampling location and/or researcher effects. Despite these differences, the combined data set approach used here represents the most comprehensive study on the age-and-growth relationship of Atlantic Sturgeon and provides parameter estimates for the development of population dynamics models and valuable information for future management. C1 [Dunton, Keith J.; Martinez, Christopher M.; Conover, David O.; Frisk, Michael G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Jordaan, Adrian] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Secor, David H.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Kehler, Thomas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, 308 Washington Ave,POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Hattala, Kathy A.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Hudson River Fisheries Unit, 21 South Putt Corners Rd, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Van Eenennaam, Joel P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, 1417 Meyer Hall,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fisher, Matthew T.] Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Div Fish & Wildlife, 4876 Hay Point Landing Rd, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. [McKown, Kim A.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources, Bur Marine Resources, 205 North Belle Mead Rd,Suite 1, East Setauket, NY 11733 USA. [Dunton, Keith J.] Monmouth Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Biol, West Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA. RP Dunton, KJ (reprint author), Monmouth Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Biol, West Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA. EM kdunton@monmouth.edu FU Rutgers University Bluefish Recruitment Dynamics Grant; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grants; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Species Recovery Grant Program [NA07NMF4550320]; New York Department of Environmental Conservation; Hudson River Foundation [5539]; Steven Berkeley Fellowship award from the American Fisheries Society FX Funding for this research was provided by a Rutgers University Bluefish Recruitment Dynamics Grant, two separate U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grants, and a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Species Recovery Grant Program NA07NMF4550320 under Memoranda of Understandings with the New York Department of Environmental Conservation. Additionally K. J. Dunton also received support through the Hudson River Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program (Award 5539) (currently known as Mark B. Bain Graduate Fellowship Program) and the Steven Berkeley Fellowship award from the American Fisheries Society. We also thank James Johnson (U.S. Geological Survey) for providing previously published data, Dewayne Fox (Delaware State University) for assistance in obtaining data sets, Mark Wiggins (Stony Brook University) and staff of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection for the collection of age samples during their finfish trawl survey, the crew aboard the RV Seawolf (specifically Steve Cluett), and Sara Pace for assistance in sample preparation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1103820 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300007 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Nack, CC Chalupnicki, MA Abbett, R McKenna, JE AF Johnson, James H. Nack, Christopher C. Chalupnicki, Marc A. Abbett, Ross McKenna, J. E., Jr. TI Predation on Chinook Salmon Parr by Hatchery Salmonids and Fallfish in the Salmon River, New York SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; LAKE-ONTARIO TRIBUTARIES; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; FEEDING PERIODICITY; SUBYEARLING CHINOOK; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SEMOTILUS-CORPORALIS AB Naturally reproduced Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha contribute substantially to the fishery in Lake Ontario. The Salmon River, a Lake Ontario tributary in New York, produces the largest numbers of naturally spawned Chinook Salmon, with parr abundance in the river often exceeding 10 million. In the spring of each year, large numbers of hatchery salmonid yearlings-potential predators of Chinook Salmon parr-are released into the Salmon River by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. We sought to examine predation on Chinook Salmon parr in the Salmon River during May and June prior to out-migration. Over the 4 years examined (2009-2012), annual consumption of Chinook Salmon parr by hatchery-released yearling steelhead O. mykiss and Coho Salmon O. kisutch ranged from 1.5 to 3.3 million and from 0.4 to 2.1 million, respectively. In 2009, Fallfish Semotilus corporalis were estimated to consume 2.9 million Chinook Salmon parr. Predation was higher in May, when the average TL of Chinook Salmon parr was 44.5 mm, than in June. Fallfish were also important predators of naturally reproduced steelhead subyearlings, consuming an estimated 800,000 steelhead in 2009. Hatchery-released yearling salmonids consumed 13.8-15.3% of the Chinook Salmon parr that were estimated to be present in the Salmon River during 2010-2012. Earlier releases of hatchery salmonid yearlings could reduce the riverine consumption of Chinook Salmon parr by facilitating the out-migration of yearlings prior to Chinook Salmon emergence. C1 [Johnson, James H.; Nack, Christopher C.; Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Abbett, Ross; McKenna, J. E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Nack, Christopher C.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 74 EP 84 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1103821 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300008 ER PT J AU Ross, JE Mayer, CM Tyson, JT Weimer, EJ AF Ross, J. E. Mayer, C. M. Tyson, J. T. Weimer, E. J. TI Comparison of Electrofishing Techniques and Effort Allocation across Diel Time Periods, Seasons, Sites, and Habitat in the Ohio Coastal Waters of Western Lake Erie SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NEARSHORE FISH COMMUNITIES; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; CENTRAL MINNESOTA; LITTORAL-ZONE; CATCHABILITY; ABUNDANCE; INDEX; ASSEMBLAGES; PERCH AB Coastal (<3-m depth) and nearshore (3-15-m depth) zones of large freshwater lakes are generally rich in complex habitats that are important for fisheries, but they are often highly degraded and understudied. We identified spatial and temporal sampling efficiencies for monitoring coastal fish communities in a large freshwater lake by use of electrofishing. During 2011 and 2012, we sampled 21 coastal sites in Lake Erie's western basin via daytime and nighttime electrofishing with multiple replicates throughout the summer sampling season. Nighttime electrofishing captured more species and more individuals with less effort than daytime electrofishing; nighttime electrofishing conducted early in the season (i.e., late spring and early summer) was more efficient than that conducted late in the season (i.e., late summer and early fall). A sampling design based on 500 m of shoreline per site required fewer sites and person-hours to attain 65% and 75% of total species richness (6 and 11 sites, respectively) than a design that used 100 m/site. A 300-m/site design was more efficient at targeting 90% of total species richness. Targeting of wetland habitat increased the number of species captured but missed species that were only found at other habitat types. A sampling design that targeted 11 sites (75% of species richness) sufficiently described fish community metrics (e.g., number of tolerant species) since the design captured nearly all fish species that were relevant to each metric. This study provides the foundation for a coastal monitoring program in western Lake Erie and serves as a starting point for program development in other large freshwater lakes. C1 [Ross, J. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2800 Lake Shore Dr East, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Mayer, C. M.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, 6200 Bayshore Rd, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Tyson, J. T.; Weimer, E. J.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Unit, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Ross, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2800 Lake Shore Dr East, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM jason_ross@fws.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [GL0E00569]; ODNR Division of Wildlife [DNRWL-FDNEAR10-01] FX The present study would not have been possible without the assistance provided by Travis Hartman, Steven Gratz, Adam Thompson, Chip Wendt, Wendy Perry, Jim Mcfee, Scott Winkler, Amy Jo Klei, Dave Alfater, Annie Doerr, Kristen Woodling, Mike Kuebbeler, Robert Mapes, Jeremy Pritt, Mark DuFour, Rachel Kuhaneck, Audrey Maran, Cory Becher, and Jennifer Sieracki. This work was supported by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (Project GL0E00569) and by the ODNR Division of Wildlife (Project DNRWL-FDNEAR10-01). This is Contribution 2016-01 of the University of Toledo's Lake Erie Center. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1111275 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300009 ER PT J AU Falke, JA Dunham, JB Hockman-Wert, D Pahl, R AF Falke, Jeffrey A. Dunham, Jason B. Hockman-Wert, David Pahl, Randy TI A Simple Prioritization Tool to Diagnose Impairment of Stream Temperature for Coldwater Fishes in the Great Basin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL STATISTICAL-MODELS; MOVING-AVERAGE APPROACH; GEOGRAPHIC VARIABILITY; THERMAL REGIMES; NETWORKS; PERSPECTIVE; STANDARDS; HABITAT; TROUT AB We provide a simple framework for diagnosing the impairment of stream water temperature for coldwater fishes across broad spatial extents based on a weight-of-evidence approach that integrates biological criteria, species distribution models, and geostatistical models of stream temperature. As a test case, we applied our approach to identify stream reaches most likely to be thermally impaired for Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi in the upper Reese River, located in the northern Great Basin, Nevada. We first evaluated the capability of stream thermal regime descriptors to explain variation across 170 sites, and we found that the 7-d moving average of daily maximum stream temperatures (7DADM) provided minimal among-descriptor redundancy and, based on an upper threshold of 20 degrees C, was also a good indicator of acute and chronic thermal stress. Next, we quantified the range of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout within our study area using a geographic distribution model. Finally, we used a geostatistical model to assess spatial variation in 7DADM and predict potential thermal impairment at the stream reach scale. We found that whereas 38% of reaches in our study area exceeded a 7DADM of 20 degrees C and 35% were significantly warmer than predicted, only 17% both exceeded the biological criterion and were significantly warmer than predicted. This filtering allowed us to identify locations where physical and biological impairment were most likely within the network and that would represent the highest management priorities. Although our approach lacks the precision of more comprehensive approaches, it provides a broader context for diagnosing impairment and is a useful means of identifying priorities for more detailed evaluations across broad and heterogeneous stream networks. C1 [Falke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.; Hockman-Wert, David] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 Southwest Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pahl, Randy] Nevada Div Environm Protect, 901 South Stewart St,Suite 4001, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Falke, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jeffrey.falke@alaska.edu FU Nevada Division of Environmental Protection FX This work was supported by a grant from the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection to J. Falke and J. Dunham. J. Heggeness provided invaluable support with project initiation and direction, and A. Mills assisted with analysis and manuscript preparation. Z. Blumberg, M. Heck, and D. Simpson provided key assistance with field sampling. B. Roper provided constructive comments on an early draft. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1115449 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300016 ER PT J AU Favrot, SD Kwak, TJ AF Favrot, Scott D. Kwak, Thomas J. TI Efficiency of Two-Way Weirs and Prepositioned Electrofishing for Sampling Potamodromous Fish Migrations SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WARMWATER STREAM FISHES; HABITAT SUITABILITY; ROBUST REDHORSE; FRESH-WATER; SUCKERS CATOSTOMIDAE; SPAWNING HABITAT; SOUTH-CAROLINA; WINTER HABITAT; SAVANNA RIVER; ABUNDANCE AB Potamodromy (i.e., migration entirely in freshwater) is a common life history strategy of North American lotic fishes, and efficient sampling methods for potamodromous fishes are needed to formulate conservation and management decisions. Many potamodromous fishes inhabit medium-sized rivers and are mobile during spawning migrations, which complicates sampling with conventional gears (e.g., nets and electrofishing). We compared the efficiency of a passive migration technique (resistance board weirs) and an active technique (prepositioned areal electrofishers; [PAEs]) for sampling migrating potamodromous fishes in Valley River, a southern Appalachian Mountain river, from March through July 2006 and 2007. A total of 35 fish species from 10 families were collected, 32 species by PAE and 19 species by weir. Species richness and diversity were higher for PAE catch, and species dominance (i.e., proportion of assemblage composed of the three most abundant species) was higher for weir catch. Prepositioned areal electrofisher catch by number was considerably higher than weir catch, but biomass was lower for PAE catch. Weir catch decreased following the spawning migration, while PAEs continued to collect fish. Sampling bias associated with water velocity was detected for PAEs, but not weirs, and neither gear demonstrated depth bias in wadeable reaches. Mean fish mortality from PAEs was five times greater than that from weirs. Catch efficiency and composition comparisons indicated that weirs were effective at documenting migration chronology, sampling nocturnal migration, and yielding samples unbiased by water velocity or habitat, with low mortality. Prepositioned areal electrofishers are an appropriate sampling technique for seasonal fish occupancy objectives, while weirs are more suitable for quantitatively describing spawning migrations. Our comparative results may guide fisheries scientists in selecting an appropriate sampling gear and regime for research, monitoring, conservation, and management of potamodromous fishes. C1 [Favrot, Scott D.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Favrot, Scott D.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, One Univ Blvd,203 Badgley Hall, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Duke Energy; World Wildlife Fund; North Carolina State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research was funded by grants from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Duke Energy, and World Wildlife Fund. Assistance with funding administration was provided by Scott Van Horn, Hugh Barwick, Mark Cantrell, Judy Takats, Helen Crockett, and Wendy Moore. Joe Hightower, Ken Pollock, Wayne Starnes, and Tim Grabowski offered constructive suggestions on equipment construction, sampling design, and data analysis. Robert Jenkins, Mark Cantrell, and Steve Fraley were valuable sources of knowledge on the fishes and environment studied. We appreciate the field assistance from many friends and colleagues, including Hannah Shively, James Cornelison, Melissa Johnson, Calvin Yonce, Brad Garner, Michael Fisk, Patrick Cooney, Ryan Spidel, and Tyler Averett. We also thank Brian Jonasson, Kevin Whalen, and anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful input on previous manuscript drafts. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1114537 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300018 ER PT S AU Fleishman, E Burgman, M Runge, MC Schick, RS Kraus, S AF Fleishman, Erica Burgman, Mark Runge, Michael C. Schick, Robert S. Kraus, Scott BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Expert Elicitation of Population-Level Effects of Disturbance SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Conceptual models; Decision-making; Health; North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis); Parameterization ID RIGHT WHALES; RISK AB Expert elicitation is a rigorous method for synthesizing expert knowledge to inform decision making and is reliable and practical when field data are limited. We evaluated the feasibility of applying expert elicitation to estimate population-level effects of disturbance on marine mammals. Diverse experts estimated parameters related to mortality and sublethal injury of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). We are now eliciting expert knowledge on the movement of right whales among geographic regions to parameterize a spatial model of health. Expert elicitation complements methods such as simulation models or extrapolations from other species, sometimes with greater accuracy and less uncertainty. C1 [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, The Barn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Burgman, Mark] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Schick, Robert S.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Kraus, Scott] New England Aquarium, John H Prescott Marine Lab, Boston, MA 02110 USA. RP Fleishman, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, The Barn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM efleishman@ucdavis.edu; markab@unimelb.edu.au; mrunge@usgs.gov; rss5@st-andrews.ac.uk; skraus@neaq.org FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0896, N00014-12-1-0274] FX This work was supported in part by Office of Naval Research Grants N00014-09-1-0896 (University of California, Santa Barbara) and N00014-12-1-0274 (University of California, Davis) to Erica Fleishman. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_35 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900036 PM 26610972 ER PT J AU Farough, A Moore, DE Lockner, DA Lowell, RP AF Farough, A. Moore, D. E. Lockner, D. A. Lowell, R. P. TI Evolution of fracture permeability of ultramafic rocks undergoing serpentinization at hydrothermal conditions: An experimental study SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fracture permeability; serpentinization; water-rock interaction; hydrothermal; fault zone ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SIMULATED FAULT GOUGE; HYDRATION REACTIONS; STRENGTH RECOVERY; VENT FIELD; FLUID-FLOW; SEA-FLOOR; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; MANTLE AB We performed flow-through laboratory experiments on five cylindrically cored samples of ultramafic rocks, in which we generated a well-mated through-going tensile fracture, to investigate evolution of fracture permeability during serpentinization. The samples were tested in a triaxial loading machine at a confining pressure of 50 MPa, pore pressure of 20 MPa, and temperature of 260 degrees C, simulating a depth of 2 km under hydrostatic conditions. A pore pressure difference of up to 2 MPa was imposed across the ends of the sample. Fracture permeability decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude during the 200-330 h experiments. Electron microprobe and SEM data indicated the formation of needle-shaped crystals of serpentine composition along the walls of the fracture, and chemical analyses of sampled pore fluids were consistent with dissolution of ferro-magnesian minerals. By comparing the difference between fracture permeability and matrix permeability measured on intact samples of the same rock types, we concluded that the contribution of the low matrix permeability to flow is negligible and essentially all of the flow is focused in the tensile fracture. The experimental results suggest that the fracture network in long-lived hydrothermal circulation systems can be sealed rapidly as a result of mineral precipitation, and generation of new permeability resulting from a combination of tectonic and crystallization-induced stresses is required to maintain fluid circulation. C1 [Farough, A.; Lowell, R. P.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Moore, D. E.; Lockner, D. A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Farough, A (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. EM afarough@vt.edu OI farough, aida/0000-0001-8320-2975 FU NSF [OCE1131471] FX We thank the Editor Thorsten Becker, an anonymous reviewer, and Marguerite Godard, C. Neuzil, J. Taron, and M. Diggles for their constructive reviews on an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors thank Neil Johnson for XRD assistance and sample collection and Luca Fedele for EMP and SEM assistance. Edmond A. Mathez and the American Museum of Natural History, NY, provided some of the samples. Lee-Grey Boze helped with the sample preparation and collection of intact permeability data. The authors also would like to thank J. Donald Rimstidt, James Beard, and Esther Schwarzenbach for useful conversations regarding serpentinization processes and data interpretation. This work was partially supported by NSF grant OCE1131471 to R.P.L. All data used in this paper can be found in the tables and have been properly cited. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1002/2015GC005973 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DE4SN UT WOS:000370620600004 ER PT J AU White, R McCausland, W AF White, Randall McCausland, Wendy TI Volcano-tectonic earthquakes: A new tool for estimating intrusive volumes and forecasting eruptions SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Volcano seismology; Eruption forecasting; Volcano-tectonic ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; EL-CHICHON VOLCANO; BENEATH MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; SEISMIC ACTIVITY; CENTRAL JAPAN; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; MIYAKEJIMA VOLCANO; GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS; UNZEN-VOLCANO AB We present data on 136 high-frequency earthquakes and swarms, termed volcano-tectonic (VT) seismicity, which preceded 111 eruptions at 83 volcanoes, plus data on VT swamis that preceded intrusions at 21 other volcanoes. We find that VT seismicity is usually the earliest reported seismic precursor for eruptions at volcanoes that have been dormant for decades or more, and precedes eruptions of all magma types from basaltic to rhyolitic and all explosivities from VEI 0 to ultraplinian VEI 6 at such previously long-dormant volcanoes. Because large eruptions occur most commonly during resumption of activity at long-dormant volcanoes, VT seismicity is an important precursor for the Earth's most dangerous eruptions. VT seismicity precedes all explosive eruptions of VEI >= 5 and most if not all VEI 4 eruptions in our data set. Surprisingly we find that the VT seismicity originates at distal locations on tectonic fault structures at distances of one or two to tens of kilometers laterally from the site of the eventual eruption, and rarely if ever starts beneath the eruption site itself. The distal VT swarms generally occur at depths almost equal to the horizontal distance of the swarm from the summit out to about 15 km distance, beyond which hypocenter depths level out. We summarize several important characteristics of this distal VT seismicity including: swarm-like nature, onset days to years prior to the beginning of magmatic eruptions, peaking of activity at the time of the initial eruption whether phreatic or magmatic, and large non-double couple component to focal mechanisms. Most importantly we show that the intruded magma volume can be simply estimated from the cumulative seismic moment of the VT seismicity from: Log(10) V = 0.71 Log(10)Sigma Moment -5.32, with volume, V, in cubic meters and seismic moment in Newton meters. Because the cumulative seismic moment can be approximated from the size of just the few largest events, and is quite insensitive to precise locations, the intruded magma volume can be quickly and easily estimated with few short-period seismic stations. Notable cases in which distal VT events preceded eruptions at long-dormant volcanoes include: Nevado del Ruiz (1984-1985), Pinatubo (1991), Unzen (1989-1995), Soufriere Hills (1995), Shishaldin (1989-1999), Tacana' (1985-1986), Pacaya (1980-1984), Rabaul (1994), and Cotopaxi (2001). Additional cases are recognized at frequently active volcanoes including Popocateptl (2001-2003) and Mauna Loa (1984). We present four case studies (Pinatubo, Soufriere Hills, Unzen, and Tacana') in which we demonstrate the above mentioned VT characteristics prior to eruptions. Using regional data recorded by NEIC, we recognized in near-real time that a huge distal VT swarm was occurring, deduced that a proportionately huge magmatic intrusion was taking place beneath the long dormant Sulu Range, New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea, that it was likely to lead to eruptive activity, and warned Rabaul Volcano Observatory days before a phreatic eruption occurred. This confirms the value of this technique for eruption forecasting. We also present a counter -example where we deduced that a VT swarm at Volcan Cosiguina, Nicaragua, indicated a small intrusion, insufficient to reach the surface and erupt. Finally, we discuss limitations of the method and propose a mechanism by which this distal VT seismicity is triggered by magmatic intrusion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Randall] US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McCausland, Wendy] US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP White, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rwhite@usgs.gov FU Volcano Disaster Assistance Program from the USAID-Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance; USAID-Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance FX We wish to thank our many colleagues who have welcomed us and provided critical data for this paper, from the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska, Cascades, Hawaii, and California Volcano Observatories, the Emergency Management Office of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the National Center for the Prevention of Disasters (CENAPRED, Mexico), the University of Colima (Mexico), the National Autonomous University (UNAM, Mexico), the National Institute for Seismology, Volcanology, Hydrology and Meteorology (INSIVUMEH, Guatemala), the National Service tor Territorial Studies (SNET, El Salvador), the Nicaraguan Institute for Territorial Studies (INETER), the Volcano and Seismology Observatory of Costa Rica (OVSICORI), the Colombian Institute of Geology and Mining (INGEOMINAS), the Geophysical Institute of the National Polytechnic School (IGEPN, Ecuador), the National Geology and Mining Service of Chile (SERNAGEOMIN), the Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO, British West Indies), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Saudi Geological Survey, the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Russia), the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the Rabaul Volcano Observatory (Papua New Guinea), and the Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM, Indonesia). Additional data also come from hypocenter searches of the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) or International Seismic Center (ISC) worldwide seismic databases, from the Smithsonian Institute's Global Volcanism Program reports and from published literature. The data for the Unzen case study come from Dr. Kodo Umakoshi. The authors acknowledge long-term support to the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program from the USAID-Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, without which this work would not have been possible. Most of all we wish to recognize and thank the hardworking members of the VDAP team who have helped install seismometers and computers on volcanoes all over the world on at least 50 volcanoes since 1985 from which most of the data for this paper have come. We especially want to thank John Power and Chris Newhall for the early discussions that got this work started, Tom Murray for inventing the RSAM system which made much of this analysis much easier, Andy Lockhart for installing most of the seismic equipment and Jeff Marso for installing most of the computer equipment at so many of the foreign observatories. And we also wish to thank the VDAP Chief Scientist - Dr. John Pallister for his leadership and his excellent review and Dave Hill and two anonymous reviewers for their excellent reviews and suggestions that have significantly improved the manuscript. NR 136 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 309 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.10.020 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DE6UJ UT WOS:000370768800010 ER PT J AU Saunders, MI Brown, CJ Foley, MM Febria, CM Albright, R Mehling, MG Kavanaugh, MT Burfeind, DD AF Saunders, Megan I. Brown, Christopher J. Foley, Melissa M. Febria, Catherine M. Albright, Rebecca Mehling, Molly G. Kavanaugh, Maria T. Burfeind, Dana D. TI Human impacts on connectivity in marine and freshwater ecosystems assessed using graph theory: a review SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE anthropogenic stressors; aquatic ecosystems; ecological networks; functional connectivity; landscape connectivity; metapopulation dynamics ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS; STREAM NETWORKS; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; LARVAL DISPERSAL; RESERVE DESIGN; CORAL-REEFS AB Human activities are altering the processes that connect organisms within and among habitats and populations in marine and freshwater (aquatic) ecosystems. Connectivity can be quantified using graph theory, where habitats or populations are represented by 'nodes' and dispersal is represented by 'links'. This approach spans discipline and systemic divides, facilitating identification of generalities in human impacts. We conducted a review of studies that have used graph theory to quantify spatial functional connectivity in aquatic ecosystems. The search identified 42 studies published in 2000-14. We assessed whether each study quantified the impacts of (1) habitat alteration (loss, alteration to links, and gain), (2) human movements causing species introductions, (3) overharvesting and (4) climate change (warming temperatures, altered circulation or hydrology, sea-level rise) and ocean acidification. In freshwater systems habitat alteration was the most commonly studied stressor, whereas in marine systems overharvesting, in terms of larval dispersal among protected areas, was most commonly addressed. Few studies have directly assessed effects of climate change, suggesting an important area of future research. Graph representations of connectivity revealed similarities across different impacts and systems, suggesting common strategies for conservation management. We suggest future research directions for studies of aquatic connectivity to inform conservation management of aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Saunders, Megan I.; Brown, Christopher J.] Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Foley, Melissa M.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Febria, Catherine M.] Univ Canterbury Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 4800, New Zealand. [Albright, Rebecca] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Mehling, Molly G.] Chatham Univ, Falk Sch Sustainabil, 1 Woodland Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. [Kavanaugh, Maria T.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA. [Burfeind, Dana D.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Foley, Melissa M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Albright, Rebecca] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Saunders, MI (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM m.saunders1@uq.edu.au RI Saunders, Megan/I-7731-2012; OI Saunders, Megan/0000-0002-8549-5609; Kavanaugh, Maria/0000-0001-6126-6177 FU Australian Research Council; University of Queensland FX We thank Paul Kemp, the National Science Foundation, and the organisers and participants of the ASLO Eco-DAS 2010 symposium in Honolulu, Hawai'i. M. I. Saunders and C. J. Brown were funded in part by grants from the Australian Research Council and University of Queensland. I. Chollett-Ordaz, K. Hock, C. Lovelock, P. Mumby, O. Hoegh-Guldberg and several anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 48 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2016 VL 67 IS 3 BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.1071/MF14358 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF1EL UT WOS:000371081600001 ER PT J AU Martin, J Sabatier, Q Gowan, TA Giraud, C Gurarie, E Calleson, CS Ortega-Ortiz, JG Deutsch, CJ Rycyk, A Koslovsky, SM AF Martin, Julien Sabatier, Quentin Gowan, Timothy A. Giraud, Christophe Gurarie, Eliezer Calleson, Charles Scott Ortega-Ortiz, Joel G. Deutsch, Charles J. Rycyk, Athena Koslovsky, Stacie M. TI A quantitative framework for investigating risk of deadly collisions between marine wildlife and boats SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE animal movement; effectiveness of speed zones; encounter rate; Florida manatee; marine mammals; North Atlantic right whale; protection zones; speed zones; wildlife collision ID WHALES EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; FLORIDA MANATEE; VESSEL SPEED; ENCOUNTER; PROBABILITY; PREDATOR; MAMMALS; GROWTH; PREY AB 1. Speed regulations of watercraft in protected areas are designed to reduce lethal collisions with wildlife but can have economic consequences. We present a quantitative framework for investigating the risk of deadly collisions between boats and wildlife. 2. We apply encounter rate theory to demonstrate how marine mammal-boat encounter rate can be used to predict the expected number of deaths associated with management scenarios. We illustrate our approach with management scenarios for two endangered species: the Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris and the North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis. We used a Monte Carlo simulation approach to demonstrate the uncertainty that is associated with our estimate of relative mortality. 3. We show that encounter rate increased with vessel speed but that the expected number of encounters varies depending on the boating activities considered. For instance, in a scenario involving manatees and boating activities such as water skiing, the expected number of encounters in a given area (in a fixed time interval) increased with vessel speed. In another scenario in which a vessel made a transit of fixed length, the expected number of encounters decreases slightly with boat speed. In both cases, the expected number of encounters increased with distanced travelled by the boat. For whales, we found a slight reduction ((similar to)0.1%) in the number of encounters under a scenario where speed is unregulated; this reduction, however, is negligible, and overall expected relative mortality was (similar to)30% lower under the scenario with speed regulation. The probability of avoidance by the animal or vessel was set to 0 because of lack of data, but we explored the importance of this parameter on the model predictions. In fact, expected relative mortality under speed regulations decreases even further when the probability of avoidance is a decreasing function of vessel speed. 4. By applying encounter rate theory to the case of boat collisions with marine mammals, we gained new insights about encounter processes between wildlife and watercraft. Our work emphasizes the importance of considering uncertainty when estimating wildlife mortality. Finally, our findings are relevant to other systems and ecological processes involving the encounter between moving agents. C1 [Martin, Julien; Sabatier, Quentin; Gowan, Timothy A.; Ortega-Ortiz, Joel G.; Koslovsky, Stacie M.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Martin, Julien] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Sabatier, Quentin] Ecole Polytech, CMAP, UMR CNRS 7641, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Sabatier, Quentin] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Giraud, Christophe] Univ Paris 11, Lab Math Orsay, UMR 8628, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Gurarie, Eliezer] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Calleson, Charles Scott] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Imperiled Species Management Sect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Ortega-Ortiz, Joel G.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Deutsch, Charles J.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Rycyk, Athena] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.; Martin, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM julienmartin@usgs.gov FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Florida Sea Grant Program; National Sea Grant College Program of the USA; Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA 14OAR4170108]; Save the Manatee Trust Fund FX We thank L. Ward-Geiger, R. Muller, R. Hardy, B. Zoodsma, B. Bassett, B. Crowder, H. Edwards, R. Flamm, F. Johnson, V. Engel and two anonymous reviewers for their insights and contributions. We are grateful to J. Van Der Hoop for sharing her scripts for her simulations work and discussing her work with us, she also provided useful insights for our analysis; and to J. Hain for sharing data from Hain et al. (2013). This study was funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the Florida Sea Grant Program. This study was supported by the National Sea Grant College Program of the USA. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Grant No. NA 14OAR4170108, and by the Save the Manatee Trust Fund. Work was conducted under USFWS Federal research permit #MA773494. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12447 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE9KL UT WOS:000370955900005 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF Budge, SM Thiemann, G Rode, KD AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Budge, Suzanne M. Thiemann, GregoryW. Rode, Karyn D. TI Assessing the robustness of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to assumption violations SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Aitchison; bias; diet composition; diet estimation; Kullback-Leibler; QFASA; simulation ID DIET AB 1. Knowledge of animal diets can provide important insights into life history and ecology, relationships among species in a community and potential response to ecosystem change or perturbation. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) is a method of estimating diets from data on the composition, or signature, of fatty acids stored in adipose tissue. Given data on signatures of potential prey, a predator diet is estimated by minimizing the distance between its signature and a mixture of prey signatures. Calibration coefficients, constants derived from feeding trials, are used to account for differential metabolism of individual fatty acids. QFASA has been widely applied since its introduction and several variants of the original estimator have appeared in the literature. However, work to compare the statistical properties of QFASA estimators has been limited. 2. One important characteristic of an estimator is its robustness to violations of model assumptions. The primary assumptions of QFASA are that prey signature data contain representatives of all prey types consumed and the calibration coefficients are known without error. We investigated the robustness of two QFASA estimators to a range of violations of these assumptions using computer simulation and recorded the resulting bias in diet estimates. 3. We found that the Aitchison distance measure was most robust to errors in the calibration coefficients. Conversely, the Kullback-Leibler distance measure was most robust to the consumption of prey without representation in the prey signature data. 4. In most QFASA applications, investigators will generally have some knowledge of the prey available to predators and be able to assess the completeness of prey signature data and sample additional prey as necessary. Conversely, because calibration coefficients are derived from feeding trials with captive animals and their values may be sensitive to consumer physiology and nutritional status, their applicability to free-ranging animals is difficult to establish. We therefore recommend that investigators first make any improvements to the prey signature data that seem warranted and then base estimation on the Aitchison distance measure, as it appears to minimize risk from violations of the assumption that is most difficult to verify. C1 [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.; Rode, Karyn D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Budge, Suzanne M.] Dalhousie Univ, Proc Engn & Appl Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Thiemann, GregoryW.] York Univ, Fac Environm Studies, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbromaghin@usgs.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009; OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500; Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12456 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE9KL UT WOS:000370955900006 ER PT J AU Ma, LW Ahuja, LR Trout, TJ Nolan, BT Malone, RW AF Ma, Liwang Ahuja, Lajpat R. Trout, Thomas J. Nolan, Bernard T. Malone, Robert W. TI Simulating Maize Yield and Biomass with Spatial Variability of Soil Field Capacity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; RZWQM2 MODEL; CROP MODELS; INPUT DATA; CORN; UNCERTAINTY; VALIDATION AB Spatial variability in field soil properties is a challenge for system modelers who use single representative values, such as means, for model inputs, rather than their distributions. In this study, the root zone water quality model (RZWQM2) was first calibrated for 4 yr of maize (Zea mays L.) data at six irrigation levels in northern Colorado and then used to study spatial variability of soil field capacity (FC) estimated in 96 plots on maize yield and biomass. The best results were obtained when the crop parameters were fitted along with FCs, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 354 kg ha(-1) for yield and 1202 kg ha(-1) for biomass. When running the model using each of the 96 sets of field-estimated FC values, instead of calibrating FCs, the average simulated yield and biomass from the 96 runs were close to measured values with a RMSE of 376 kg ha(-1) for yield and 1504 kg ha(-1) for biomass. When an average of the 96 FC values for each soil layer was used, simulated yield and biomass were also acceptable with a RMSE of 438 kg ha(-1) for yield and 1627 kg ha(-1) for biomass. Therefore, when there are large numbers of FC measurements, an average value might be sufficient for model inputs. However, when the ranges of FC measurements were known for each soil layer, a sampled distribution of FCs using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) might be used for model inputs. C1 [Ma, Liwang; Ahuja, Lajpat R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Malone, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ma, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0206 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200017 ER PT J AU Ingebritsen, SE Bergfeld, D Clor, LE Evans, WC AF Ingebritsen, Steven E. Bergfeld, Deborah Clor, Laura E. Evans, William C. TI The Lassen hydrothermal system SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Fluid phase; thermodynamics; hydrothermal; geothermal ID VOLCANIC NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CASCADE RANGE; CALIFORNIA; INTRUSION; DISCHARGE; WATER; GEOCHEMISTRY; CIRCULATION; EVOLUTION AB The active Lassen hydrothermal system includes a central vapor -dominated zone or zones beneath the Lassen highlands underlain by 240 degrees C high-chloride waters that discharge at lower elevations. It is the best-exposed and largest hydrothermal system in the Cascade Range, discharging 41 10 kg/s of steam (-115 MW) and 23 2 kg/s of high-chloride waters (-27 MW). The Lassen system accounts for a full 1/3 of the total high-temperature hydrothermal heat discharge in the U.S. Cascades (140/400 MW). Hydrothermal heat discharge of 140 MW can be supported by crystallization and cooling of silicic magma at a rate of 2400 km3/Ma, and the ongoing rates of heat and magmatic CO2 discharge are broadly consistent with a petrologic model for basalt-driven magmatic evolution. The clustering of observed seismicity at 4-5 km depth may define zones of thermal cracking where the hydrothermal system mines heat from near-plastic rock. If so, the combined areal extent of the primary heat-transfer zones is 5 km2, the average conductive heat flux over that area is >25 W/m2, and the conductive-boundary length <50 m. Observational records of hydrothermal discharge are likely too short to document long-term transients, whether they are intrinsic to the system or owe to various geologic events such as the eruption of Lassen Peak at 27 ka, deglaciation beginning 18 ka, the eruptions of Chaos Crags at 1.1 ka, or the minor 1914-1917 eruption at the summit of Lassen Peak. However, there is a rich record of intermittent hydrothermal measurement over the past several decades and more-frequent measurement 2009 present. These data reveal sensitivity to climate and weather conditions, seasonal variability that owes to interaction with the shallow hydrologic system, and a transient 1.5- to twofold increase in high-chloride discharge in response to an earthquake swarm in mid-November 2014. C1 [Ingebritsen, Steven E.; Bergfeld, Deborah; Clor, Laura E.; Evans, William C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM seingebr@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5456 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DD8YT UT WOS:000370213500032 ER PT J AU Evans, BW Hildreth, W Bachmann, O Scaillet, B AF Evans, Bernard W. Hildreth, Wes Bachmann, Olivier Scaillet, Bruno TI In defense of magnetite-ilmenite thermometry in the Bishop Tuff and its implication for gradients in silicic magma reservoirs SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Bishop Tuff; ilmenite-magnetite thermometry; TiO2 activity; reduced magmas; "bright rims"; melt inclusions; magma recharge; CO2 effect ID LIQUIDUS PHASE-RELATIONS; IRON-TITANIUM OXIDES; LACHLAN FOLD BELT; A-TYPE GRANITES; FE-TI OXIDES; HAPLOGRANITE SYSTEM; MELT INCLUSIONS; NEW-MEXICO; BANDELIER-TUFF; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB Despite claims to the contrary, the compositions of magnetite and ilmenite in the Bishop Tuff correctly record the changing conditions of T and f(o2) in the magma reservoir. In relatively reduced (Delta NNO < 1) siliceous magmas (e.g., Bishop Tuff, Taupo units), Ti behaves compatibly (D-Ti approximate to 2-3.5), leading to a decrease in TiO2 activity in the melt with cooling and fractionation. In contrast, FeTi-oxides are poorer in TiO2 in more oxidized magmas (Delta NNO > 1, e.g., Fish Canyon Tuff, Pinatubo), and the d(aTiO(2))/dT slope can be negative. Biotite, FeTi-oxides, liquid, and possibly plagioclase largely maintained equilibrium in the Bishop Tuff magma (unlike the pyroxenes, and cores of quartz, sanidine, and zircon) prior to and during a mixing event triggered by a deeper recharge, which, based on elemental diffusion profiles in minerals, took place at least several decades before eruption. Equilibrating phases and pumice compositions show evolving chemical variations that correlate well with mutually consistent temperatures based on the FeTi-oxides, sanidine-plagioclase, and Delta O-18 quartz-magnetite pairs. Early Bishop Tuff (EBT) temperatures are lower (700 to similar to 780 degrees C) than temperatures (780 to >820 degrees C) registered in Late Bishop Tuff (LBT), the latter defined here not strictly stratigraphically, but by the presence of orthopyroxene and reverse-zoned rims on quartz and sanidine. The claimed similarity in compositions, Zr-saturation temperatures and thermodynamically calculated temperatures (730-740 degrees C) between EBT and less evolved LBT reflect the use of glass inclusions in quartz cores in LBT that were inherited from the low-temperature rhyolitic part of the reservoir characteristic of the EBT. LBT temperatures as high as 820 degrees C, the preservation of orthopyroxene, and the presence of reverse-zoned minerals (quartz, sanidine, zircons) are consistent with magma recharge at the base of the zoned reservoir, heating the cooler rhyolitic melt, partly remelting cumulate mush, and introducing enough CO2 (0.4-1.4 wt%, mostly contained in the exsolved fluid phase) to significantly lower H2O-activity in the system. C1 [Evans, Bernard W.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hildreth, Wes] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bachmann, Olivier] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Geochem & Petrol, Clausiusstr 25, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Scaillet, Bruno] Univ Orleans, CNRS, BRGM, Inst Sci Terre Orleans,UMR 7327, 1A Rue Ferollerie, F-45100 Orleans, France. RP Evans, BW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bwevans@uw.edu RI Scaillet, Bruno/A-5846-2012 NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 469 EP 482 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5367 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DD8YT UT WOS:000370213500045 ER PT J AU Mallon, JM Bildstein, KL Katzner, TE AF Mallon, Julie M. Bildstein, Keith L. Katzner, Todd E. TI In-flight turbulence benefits soaring birds SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Cathartes aura; contorted soaring; Coragyps atratus; flight behavior; turbulence; updraft ID TURKEY VULTURES; CORAGYPS-ATRATUS; CATHARTES-AURA; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; BLACK; SIMULATIONS; FOREST AB Birds use atmospheric updrafts to subsidize soaring flight. We observed highly variable soaring flight by Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) and Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) in Virginia, USA, that was inconsistent with published descriptions of terrestrial avian flight. Birds engaging in this behavior regularly deviated vertically and horizontally from linear flight paths. We observed the soaring flight behavior of these 2 species to understand why they soar in this manner and when this behavior occurs. Vultures used this type of soaring mainly at low altitudes (< 50 m), along forest edges, and when conditions were poor for thermal development. Because of the tortuous nature of this flight, we describe it as "contorted soaring.'' The primary air movement suitable to subsidize flight at this altitude and under these atmospheric conditions is small-scale, shear-induced turbulence, which our results suggest can be an important resource for soaring birds because it permits continuous subsidized flight when other types of updraft are not available. C1 [Mallon, Julie M.; Katzner, Todd E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bildstein, Keith L.] Hawk Mt Sanctuary, Acopian Ctr Conservat Learning, Orwigsburg, PA USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Mallon, Julie M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mallon, JM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.; Mallon, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jmmallon@umd.edu OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU Hawk Mountain Sanctuary; Burket-Plack Foundation FX This research was supported by funding from Hawk Mountain Sanctuary and the Burket-Plack Foundation. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2016 VL 133 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1642/AUK-15-114.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DE1WT UT WOS:000370417900008 ER PT J AU DeFlorio, MJ Goodwin, ID Cayan, DR Miller, AJ Ghan, SJ Pierce, DW Russell, LM Singh, B AF DeFlorio, Michael J. Goodwin, Ian D. Cayan, Daniel R. Miller, Arthur J. Ghan, Steven J. Pierce, David W. Russell, Lynn M. Singh, Balwinder TI Interannual modulation of subtropical Atlantic boreal summer dust variability by ENSO SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Dust; ENSO; NAO; CESM; Teleconnections; Decadal variability ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; AFRICAN DUST; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE MODELS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; EMISSION MODEL; MINERAL DUST; GOCART MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT AB Dust variability in the climate system has been studied for several decades, yet there remains an incomplete understanding of the dynamical mechanisms controlling interannual and decadal variations in dust transport. The sparseness of multi-year observational datasets has limited our understanding of the relationship between climate variations and atmospheric dust. We use available in situ and satellite observations of dust and a century-length fully coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) simulation to show that the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts a control on North African dust transport during boreal summer. In CESM, this relationship is stronger over the dusty tropical North Atlantic than near Barbados, one of the few sites having a multi-decadal observed record. During strong La Nina summers in CESM, a statistically significant increase in lower tropospheric easterly wind is associated with an increase in North African dust transport over the Atlantic. Barbados dust and Pacific SST variability are only weakly correlated in both observations and CESM, suggesting that other processes are controlling the cross-basin variability of dust. We also use our CESM simulation to show that the relationship between downstream North African dust transport and ENSO fluctuates on multidecadal timescales and is associated with a phase shift in the North Atlantic Oscillation. Our findings indicate that existing observations of dust over the tropical North Atlantic are not extensive enough to completely describe the variability of dust and dust transport, and demonstrate the importance of global models to supplement and interpret observational records. C1 [DeFlorio, Michael J.; Cayan, Daniel R.; Miller, Arthur J.; Pierce, David W.; Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0208, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Goodwin, Ian D.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm Sci, N Ryde, NSW, Australia. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Ghan, Steven J.; Singh, Balwinder] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP DeFlorio, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0208, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mdeflori@ucsd.edu RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 FU NSF [AGS-1048995]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO1830] FX This study forms a portion of the Ph.D. dissertation of M.J.D. Funding was provided by NSF (AGS-1048995), and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM program). Battelle Memorial Institute operates the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the DOE under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. We are grateful for the contribution made by Joseph M. Prospero (RSMAS, U. Miami), who provided us with the Barbados dust record. We also acknowledge Cynthia Twohy (NorthWest Research Associates and SIO) and Diego Melgar (UC-Berkeley) for improving the manuscript, and for assistance with the pseudo-principal component spectral analysis used in this study. Our CESM simulation can be accessed via an email inquiry (mdeflori@ucsd.edu). NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 585 EP 599 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2600-7 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6NE UT WOS:000370040100037 ER PT J AU Ray, GC Hufford, GL Overland, JE Krupnik, I McCormick-Ray, J Frey, K Labunski, E AF Ray, G. Carleton Hufford, Gary L. Overland, James E. Krupnik, Igor McCormick-Ray, Jerry Frey, Karen Labunski, Elizabeth TI Decadal Bering Sea seascape change: consequences for Pacific walruses and indigenous hunters SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; climate change; Odobenus rosmarus divergens; Pacific walrus; sea ice; seascape; subsistence hunting ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE; ROSMARUS; WIND AB The most significant factors currently affecting the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) population are climate change and consequent changes in sea-ice morphology and dynamics. This paper integrates recent physical sea-ice change in the Bering Sea with biological and ecological conditions of walruses in their winter-spring reproductive habitat. Historically, walrus in winter-spring depended on a critical mass of sea-ice habitat to optimize social networking, reproductive fitness, feeding behavior, migration, and energetic efficiency. During 2003-2013, our cross-disciplinary, multiscale analysis from shipboard observations, satellite imagery, and ice-floe tracking, reinforced by information from indigenous subsistence hunters, documented change of sea-ice structure from a plastic continuum to a "mixing bowl" of ice floes moving more independently. This fragmentation of winter habitat preconditions the walrus population toward dispersal mortality and will also negatively affect the availability of resources for indigenous communities. We urge an expanded research and management agenda that integrates walrus natural history and habitat more completely with changing sea-ice morphology and dynamics at multiple scales, while also meeting the needs of local communities. C1 [Ray, G. Carleton; McCormick-Ray, Jerry] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Hufford, Gary L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Krupnik, Igor] Smithsonian Inst, Arctic Studies Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Frey, Karen] Clark Univ, Dept Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Labunski, Elizabeth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ray, GC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM cr@virginia.edu FU North Pacific Research Board; U.S. Marine Mammal Commission: Assessing changing habitats of ice-dependent marine mammals of Beringia [P10-72213]; NOAA Arctic Project of the Climate Program Office; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Global Biodiversity Fund of the University of Virginia; PMEL [4239] FX The senior author is deeply indebted to Francis H. "Bud" Fay for his expertise, wisdom, and friendship during our long history of associations and discussions concerning Pacific walruses. Others also contributed significantly with respect to natural history and management, notably John J. Burns, formerly of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and R.V. Miller of NOAA/NMFS National Marine Mammal Laboratory. We particularly thank Captains Oliver (in 2006) and Lindstrom (in 2007, 2008) of the icebreaker USGC Healy, and the officers, crew, technical personnel, and our companion scientists for assistance. Steve Roberts of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, made on-board satellite imagery available. Chief Scientist J. M. Grebmeier, and L. W. Cooper (University of Maryland) made research aboard USCGC Healy in 2006 possible. In 2007, we were similarly supported on the Healy by Chief Scientist Raymond Sombrotto (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University). In all years, Kathy Kuletz of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage (supported all by the North Pacific Research Board) supported with surveys. In 2007 and 2008, Michael Cameron and colleagues of the NOAA National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, provided walrus observations. In 2008, Chadwick Jay and Anthony Fischbach, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, provided the same. Brad Benter of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service very kindly shared Gambell walrus catch data in Table. Leonard Apangalook, Sr. (deceased), Paul Apangalook, Chester Noongwook, Aaron Iworrigan, Conrad Oozeva, George Noongwook, and other local experts from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, shared their knowledge on ice associations, behavior, and distributions of walruses and seals on numerous occasions during 2003-2013. We are grateful to the Eskimo Walrus Commission for a thorough discussion of our project at its meeting in Nome, Alaska (December 2003) and for support in presenting preliminary results of our work to indigenous walrus captains in the communities of Gambell and Savoonga, St. Lawrence Island (February 2004). Lyudmila Bogoslovskaya from the Russian Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage in Moscow, Russia, contributed reports from local hunters of Russian Beringian communities. Robert L Smith, Charlottesville, Virginia, formatted the illustrations. This paper was supported, in part, by contract number P10-72213 of the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission: Assessing changing habitats of ice-dependent marine mammals of Beringia. J. E. Overland was supported by the NOAA Arctic Project of the Climate Program Office; PMEL contribution Number 4239. We also wish to express our thanks for support of publication costs to the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, and the Global Biodiversity Fund of the University of Virginia. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 BP 24 EP 41 DI 10.1890/15-0430 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8ZY UT WOS:000369511000004 PM 27039507 ER PT J AU Zeglin, LH Wang, BW Waythomas, C Rainey, F Talbot, SL AF Zeglin, Lydia H. Wang, Bronwen Waythomas, Christopher Rainey, Frederick Talbot, Sandra L. TI Organic matter quantity and source affects microbial community structure and function following volcanic eruption on Kasatochi Island, Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; AUGUST 2008 ERUPTION; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SOIL; NITROGEN; BACTERIAL; DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM AB In August 2008, Kasatochi volcano erupted and buried a small island in pyroclastic deposits and fine ash; since then, microbes, plants and birds have begun to re-colonize the initially sterile surface. Five years post-eruption, bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) copy numbers and extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) potentials were one to two orders of magnitude greater in pyroclastic materials with organic matter (OM) inputs relative to those without, despite minimal accumulation of OM (< 0.2% C). When normalized by OM levels, post-eruptive surfaces with OM inputs had the highest beta-glucosidase, phosphatase, NAGase and cellobiohydrolase activities, and had microbial population sizes approaching those in reference soils. In contrast, the strongest factor determining bacterial community composition was the dominance of plants versus birds as OM input vectors. Although soil pH ranged from 3.9 to 7.0, and % C ranged 100x, differentiation between plant-and bird-associated microbial communities suggested that cell dispersal or nutrient availability are more likely drivers of assembly than pH or OM content. This study exemplifies the complex relationship between microbial cell dispersal, soil geochemistry, and microbial structure and function; and illustrates the potential for soil microbiota to be resilient to disturbance. C1 [Zeglin, Lydia H.; Wang, Bronwen; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Waythomas, Christopher] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Rainey, Frederick] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. [Zeglin, Lydia H.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zeglin, LH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA.; Zeglin, LH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM lzeglin@ksu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mendenhall Fellowship Program; USGS Alaska Regional Director's Office; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR) FX This work was undertaken with the support of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mendenhall Fellowship Program (to LHZ), the USGS Alaska Regional Director's Office and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR). Valuable field expertise was provided by Steve Talbot (USFWS Alaska Region), Jeff Williams and the captain and crew of the Research Vessel Tiglax (USFWS AMNWR), and expert lab advice was provided by Kevin Sage and Sarah Sonsthagen. Ari Jumponnen provided useful comments on the manuscript, and we also appreciate the constructive feedback of the reviewers of this manuscript. All authors declare no conflict of interest; and any use of trade, product or firm name in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 18 IS 1 BP 146 EP 158 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12924 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DE5LN UT WOS:000370672600013 PM 26032670 ER PT J AU Dean, DJ Topping, DJ Schmidt, JC Griffiths, RE Sabol, TA AF Dean, David J. Topping, David J. Schmidt, John C. Griffiths, Ronald E. Sabol, Thomas A. TI Sediment supply versus local hydraulic controls on sediment transport and storage in a river with large sediment loads SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; acoustics; Rio Grande; sediment budget; channel change; dams ID GRAIN-SIZE EVOLUTION; SCALE DAM REMOVAL; GLEN CANYON DAM; BIG BEND REGION; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; COLORADO RIVER; RIO-GRANDE; NEW-MEXICO; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; VERTICAL ACCRETION AB The Rio Grande in the Big Bend region of Texas, USA, and Chihuahua and Coahuila, Mexico, undergoes rapid geomorphic changes as a result of its large sediment supply and variable hydrology; thus, it is a useful natural laboratory to investigate the relative importance of flow strength and sediment supply in controlling alluvial channel change. We analyzed a suite of sediment transport and geomorphic data to determine the cumulative influence of different flood types on changing channel form. In this study, physically based analyses suggest that channel change in the Rio Grande is controlled by both changes in flow strength and sediment supply over different spatial and temporal scales. Channel narrowing is primarily caused by substantial deposition of sediment supplied to the Rio Grande during tributary-sourced flash floods. Tributary floods have large suspended-sediment concentrations, occur for short durations, and attenuate rapidly downstream in the Rio Grande, depositing much of their sediment in downstream reaches. Long-duration floods on the mainstem have the capacity to enlarge the Rio Grande, and these floods, released from upstream dams, can either erode or deposit sediment in the Rio Grande depending upon the antecedent in-channel sediment supply and the magnitude and duration of the flood. Geomorphic and sediment transport analyses show that the locations and rates of sand erosion and deposition during long-duration floods are most strongly controlled by spatial changes in flow strength, largely through changes in channel slope. However, spatial differences in the in-channel sediment supply regulate sediment evacuation or accumulation over time in long reaches (greater than a kilometer). C1 [Dean, David J.; Topping, David J.; Griffiths, Ronald E.; Sabol, Thomas A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schmidt, John C.] Utah State Univ, Quinney Coll Nat Resources, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM djdean@usgs.gov FU National Park Service (NPS); Commission of Environmental Cooperation (CEC); U.S. Geological Survey; Southwest Biological Science Center; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX Acoustic and physical suspended-sediment sample data can be obtained at the following website: http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/. Additional data can be obtained from the authors. Funding for this study was provided by the National Park Service (NPS), the Commission of Environmental Cooperation (CEC), the U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Thanks to NPS staff Jeff Bennett, Joe Sirotnak, David Larson, Phil Wilson, Billie Brauch, Keith Sauter, and the River Rangers within Big Bend National Park. Special thanks to Hunter Edwards, who maintained the sediment gages, and Jeff Kelsch, Jeff Renfrow, Kelon Crawford, Dana Milani, and Trevor Bryan for their workwith Hunter Edwards in collecting the data used to calibrate and verify the pump and acoustic measurements. Thanks to David Sibley and Megan Hines at the USGS CIDA, and Bradley Garner at the USGS AZ WSC for website development and the online serving of sediment-transport data. Thanks to Patrick Belmont and the USU Fine-Sediment Lab for the loan of automatic pump samplers. Thanks to John Buffington, Amy East, Brandon McElroy, Joel Sankey, Ted Melis, and two anonymous reviewers for their instructive comments on improving this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 111 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 82 EP 110 DI 10.1002/2015JF003436 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DE2HG UT WOS:000370447300005 ER PT J AU Heirwegh, CM Campbell, JL Czamanske, GK AF Heirwegh, Christopher M. Campbell, John L. Czamanske, Gerald K. TI Refinement of major- and minor-element PIXE analysis of rocks and minerals SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE PIXE; Geochemistry; Standardization; Accuracy; Detector linearity ID SILICATE MINERALS; MICRO-PIXE; RAY; STANDARDS; ENERGIES AB An attempt has been made to assess the accuracy of the particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) fundamental parameters with standards approach to quantifying major- and minor-element constituents of silicate glasses and minerals. A deviation from linearity at low energies in the channel-energy calibration relationship was identified as a source of undesired residues in GUPIX-fitting. A correction for this effect was developed using a general-purpose spectrum fitting program and was incorporated in GUPIX. The PIXE spectra of sixteen well-characterized electron microprobe standards were then processed. Complementary electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) measurements were used to support the comparison of the PIXE results with previous characterizations. Major element concentrations were found to differ on average from literature values as follows: SiO2 (-0.28 +/- 0.12%), Al2O3 (0.72 +/- 0.74%), MgO (0.11 +/- 0.63%), Na2O (-2.6 +/- 1.2%), K2O (1.1 +/- 0.7%), Cab (-0.35 +/- 0.37%), TiO2 (2.5 +/- 1.9%), MnO (0.8 +/- 4.7%), FeO (0.98 +/- 0.93%). These results indicate that major and minor elemental analysis can be achieved with high accuracy using the present Guelph micro-PIXE setup. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Heirwegh, Christopher M.; Campbell, John L.] Univ Guelph, Guelph Waterloo Phys Inst, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Czamanske, Gerald K.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Czamanske, Gerald K.] 750 West Greenwich Pl, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Heirwegh, CM (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Guelph Waterloo Phys Inst, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM cheirweg@uoguelph.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency [9F052-110786] FX The work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and by the Canadian Space Agency (contract 9F052-110786). The authors thank J.A. Maxwell for software assistance, WJ. Teesdale for providing the necessary accelerator beams, and P.L. King for providing the Broken Tank basalt sample. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 366 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2015.10.018 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA DE2NQ UT WOS:000370464400007 ER PT J AU Kimball, SM Hutchinson, DR AF Kimball, Suzette M. Hutchinson, Deborah R. TI USGS Leverages Extended Continental Shelf Research To Address Deep-Sea Science Issues SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Kimball, Suzette M.; Hutchinson, Deborah R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kimball, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 1 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA DE0JC UT WOS:000370310200006 ER PT J AU Nobriga, ML Rosenfield, JA AF Nobriga, Matthew L. Rosenfield, Jonathan A. TI Population Dynamics of an Estuarine Forage Fish: Disaggregating Forces Driving Long-Term Decline of Longfin Smelt in California's San Francisco Estuary SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FLOW; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; STRIPED BASS; PELAGIC FISHES; RECRUITMENT; RIVER; ABUNDANCE; THREATS; CONSEQUENCES; PRODUCTIVITY AB Forage fish production has become a central concern of fisheries and ecosystem managers because populations of small fish are a critical energetic pathway between primary producers and predator populations. Management of forage fish often focuses on controlling exploitation rates, but it is also possible to manage productivity of these species in coastal ecosystems, particularly estuaries. Like several forage fish species that are native to the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) in California, the Longfin Smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys has experienced dramatic population declines over the past few decades. This population is not fished commercially or recreationally; trends in its relative abundance have been described statistically, but the mechanisms that drive population dynamics are still poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate alternative conceptual models of Longfin Smelt population dynamics to better understand the forces that may constrain the species' productivity during different phases of its life cycle. We created contrasting variants of a generalizable population model (the Ricker model) and parameterized those variants using empirical data from a long-term sampling program in the SFE. Predictions from alternative models were compared with empirical results from a second (independent) data series of relative abundance to identify the model variants that best captured the empirical trend. The results indicated that (1) freshwater flow had a positive association with recruits per spawner and (2) both recruits per spawner and spawners per recruit appeared to be density-dependent life stage transitions. Juvenile survival may have declined to some extent, but we could not conclusively demonstrate this. By constraining the possible timing and location of mechanisms that modulate productivity at different life stages, the present results improve our understanding of production for a key native forage fish in the SFE. C1 [Nobriga, Matthew L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bay Delta Fish & Wildlife Off, 650 Capitol Mall,Suite 8-300, Sacramento, CA 95831 USA. [Rosenfield, Jonathan A.] Bay Inst, Pier 39,Box 200, San Francisco, CA 94133 USA. RP Nobriga, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bay Delta Fish & Wildlife Off, 650 Capitol Mall,Suite 8-300, Sacramento, CA 95831 USA. EM matt_nobriga@fws.gov NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 44 EP 58 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1100136 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000005 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Bunnell, DB AF Pothoven, Steven A. Bunnell, David B. TI A Shift in Bloater Consumption in Lake Michigan between 1993 and 2011 and Its Effects on Diporeia and Mysis Prey SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; ENERGY DENSITY; COREGONUS-HOYI; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; FISH COMMUNITY; HURON; ALEWIVES; SPP.; DISAPPEARANCE AB Bioenergetics modeling was used to determine individual and population consumption by Bloater Coregonus hoyi in Lake Michigan during three time periods with variable Bloater density: 1993-1996 (high), 1998-2002 (intermediate), and 2009-2011 (low). Despite declines in Bloater abundance between 1993 and 2011, our results did not show any density-dependent compensatory response in annual individual consumption, specific consumption, or proportion of maximum consumption consumed. Diporeia spp. accounted for a steadily decreasing fraction of annual consumption, and Bloater were apparently unable to eat enough Mysis diluviana or other prey to account for the loss of Diporeia in the environment. The fraction of production of both Diporeia and Mysis that was consumed by the Bloater population decreased over time so that the consumption-to-production ratio for Diporeia + Mysis was 0.74, 0.26, and 0.14 in 1993-1996, 1998-2002, and 2009-2011, respectively. Although high Bloater numbers in the 1980s to 1990s may have had an influence on populations of Diporeia, Bloater were not the main factor driving Diporeia to a nearly complete disappearance because Diporeia continued to decline when Bloater predation demands were lessening. Thus, there appears to be a decoupling in the inverse relationship between predator and prey abundance in Lake Michigan. Compared with Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, the other dominant planktivore in the lake, Bloater have a lower specific consumption and higher gross conversion efficiency (GCE), indicating that the lake can support a higher biomass of Bloater than Alewife. However, declines in Bloater GCE since the 1970s and the absence of positive responses in consumption variables following declines in abundance suggest that productivity in Lake Michigan might not be able to support the same biomass of Bloater as in the past. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1094130 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000006 ER PT J AU Fritts, MW Grunwald, C Wirgin, I King, TL Peterson, DL AF Fritts, Mark W. Grunwald, Cheryl Wirgin, Isaac King, Tim L. Peterson, Douglas L. TI Status and Genetic Character of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Satilla River, Georgia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; UNITED-STATES; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; STOCK STRUCTURE; ALTAMAHA RIVER; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION; SOFTWARE; CONSERVATION AB The Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus is an important component of biodiversity along the Atlantic coast of North America, but most populations have been decimated by habitat degradation and chronic overfishing. Historically, spawning populations existed in all major Atlantic coast rivers from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, to the St. Johns River, Florida, but fisheries surveys conducted in the past two decades suggest that several populations at the southern extent of this range are now extirpated or have declined to remnant status. Our objective was to assess the abundance and genetic character of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Satilla River, Georgia. Using entanglement gears, we expended over 2,800 h of sampling effort and captured a total of 193 Atlantic Sturgeon in tidally influenced reaches of the river during 2008-2010. Of the 157 fish that were collected in 2010, 72 were identified as river-resident juveniles (ages 0-1). Genetic analyses of a subset (n = 61) of these juveniles revealed (1) depauperate levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype diversity and (2) the presence of large family units based on microsatellite DNA multilocus genotypes, collectively suggesting that very few parents produced the 2008 year-class. The mtDNA and microsatellite analyses both indicated that juveniles in the Satilla River population were genetically distinct from other populations in the South Atlantic Distinct Population Segment. Atlantic Sturgeon life history characteristics and the present results suggest that sampled juveniles from the 2008 year-class were the offspring of a small remnant pool of Satilla River adults; however, a full description of the population's genetic character and origin will require additional juvenile samples from future year-classes. C1 [Fritts, Mark W.; Peterson, Douglas L.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Grunwald, Cheryl; Wirgin, Isaac] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Fritts, Mark W.] Illinois River Biol Stn, 704 North Schrader Ave, Havana, IL 62644 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sturgeon@uga.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX This work was funded with a grant from the National Marine Fisheries Service. We thank B. Dibble, R. Cosgrove, A. Claus, and M. Bednarski for their support throughout this project; N. Roy for assistance in statistical analyses; B. Lubinski for assistance with microsatellite DNA genotyping; and A. Fritts for her assistance in reviewing an early draft of the manuscript. We acknowledge instrumentation support from the Molecular Facility Core of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center ES-000260 at New York University School of Medicine. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This information does not represent and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1094131 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000007 ER PT J AU Howell, PJ Colvin, ME Sankovich, PM Buchanan, DV Hemmingsen, AR AF Howell, Philip J. Colvin, Michael E. Sankovich, Paul M. Buchanan, David V. Hemmingsen, Alan R. TI Life Histories, Demography, and Distribution of a Fluvial Bull Trout Population SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; PROGRAM MARK; RIVER SYSTEM; HABITAT USE; SURVIVAL; MONTANA; OREGON; GROWTH AB To describe the life histories and demography of a fluvial population of Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus, we PIT-tagged and radio-tagged Bull Trout captured in Mill Creek, a tributary of the Walla Walla River (Washington-Oregon), during 1998-2009. Adult abundance declined 63% during 2006-2010, driven primarily by a 10-fold reduction in subadult-to-adult returns. Larger subadults and fall-winter emigrants survived at higher rates, but they were a small proportion of the subadult migrants. The survival rates of larger, generally older adults were also more than 40% greater than those of smaller adults. Changes in abundance influenced other characteristics of the population. For example, adult upstream movement into spawning areas during 1999-2005 peaked in late July, whereas the smaller runs observed during 2006-2010 peaked in early September, and the relationship between fish size and migration timing shifted. Unlike many adfluvial populations, more than 90% of the adults in Mill Creek spawned annually. Bull Trout that spawned in main-stem Mill Creek were primarily larger migratory adults; however, about 20% of the large adults were strictly or intermittently resident, remaining in the spawning area year-round. The downstream extent of individuals' migratory distributions varied greatly-from just downstream of the spawning area to the mouth of the Walla Walla River and potentially hundreds of kilometers into the Columbia River. Despite a large sample size of radio-tagged fish, radiotelemetry substantially underestimated the distribution and range that were evident from PIT tag detections. Life history terms such as "migratory," "resident," and "fluvial" and their associations with body size, movement, and distribution are useful for describing general patterns, but they fail to reflect the diversity and complexity within and among populations. For Bull Trout in Mill Creek, that life history diversity, including small, resident adult forms in the tributaries and a continuum of distribution for large adults, maximizes the use of available habitat and likely contributes to the population's persistence. C1 [Howell, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Colvin, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sankovich, Paul M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, La Grande Field Off, 3502 Highway 30, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Buchanan, David V.; Hemmingsen, Alan R.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 28655 Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Colvin, Michael E.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Howell, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM pjhowell@fs.fed.us FU Bonneville Power Administration; USFS; ODFW; USFWS FX Larry Boe (USFS) operated the downstream and upstream traps throughout the study and tracked the radio-tagged fish; Jason Shappart and Steve Starcevich (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife [ODFW]) assisted with radio-tagging; Lisa Sommerfield and Lisa Borgerson (ODFW) read the scale samples; Don Anglin, Darren Gallion, Marshall Barrows, Ryan Koch, and Courtney Newlon (USFWS) collaborated on the later PIT-tagging portions of the study and constructed, installed, and maintained most of the PIT tag detection arrays; James Peterson (USGS, Oregon Cooperative Fishery Research Unit) helped with initial analyses in Program MARK; and Teri Moore and Steve Jacobs (ODFW) organized the trap data into an Access database that facilitated analysis. We thank Tracy Bowerman, Robert Al-Chokhachy, and four anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, USFS, ODFW, and USFWS. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 173 EP 194 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1105870 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000014 ER PT J AU James, DA Chipps, SR AF James, Daniel A. Chipps, Steven R. TI Influence of Didymosphenia geminata Blooms on Prey Composition and Associated Diet and Growth of Brown Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIATOM DIDYMOSPHENIA; SALMO-TRUTTA; SIZE; STREAM; TEMPERATURE; ONTOGENY; WEIGHT; LENGTH AB We compared diet, stomach fullness, condition, and growth of Brown Trout Salmo trutta among streams with or without blooms of the benthic diatom Didymosphenia geminata in the Black Hills, South Dakota. In Rapid Creek, where D. geminata blooms covered similar to 30% of the stream bottom, Brown Trout consumed fewer ephemeropterans (6-8% by weight) than individuals from two stream sections that have not had D. geminata blooms (Castle and Spearfish creeks; 13-39% by weight). In contrast, dipterans (primarily Chironomidae) represented a larger percentage of Brown Trout diets from Rapid Creek (D. geminata blooms present; 16-28% dry weight) compared with diets of trout from streams without D. geminata blooms (6-19% dry weight). Diets of small Brown Trout (100-199 mm TL) reflected the invertebrate species composition in benthic stream samples; in Rapid Creek, ephemeropterans were less abundant whereas dipterans were more abundant than in streams without D. geminata blooms. Stomach fullness and condition of Brown Trout from Rapid Creek were generally greater than those of Brown Trout from other populations. Linkages among invertebrate availability, diet composition, and condition of Brown Trout support the hypothesis that changes in invertebrate assemblages associated with D. geminata (i.e., more Chironomidae) could be contributing to high recruitmnt seuccess for small Brown Trout in Rapid Creek. C1 [James, Daniel A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Biostress Lab, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Biostress Lab, US Geol Survey,South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildl, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [James, Daniel A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 420 South Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. RP James, DA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Biostress Lab, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; James, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 420 South Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM daniel_james@fws.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project [F-15-R 1514] FX We thank J. Wilhite from the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks and B. Martens from South Dakota State University for field and laboratory assistance. This research was supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University, and the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. Funding for this project was provided through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-15-R 1514, administered by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1111255 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000015 ER PT J AU Binder, TR Riley, SC Holbrook, CM Hansen, MJ Bergstedt, RA Bronte, CR He, J Krueger, CC AF Binder, Thomas R. Riley, Stephen C. Holbrook, Christopher M. Hansen, Michael J. Bergstedt, Roger A. Bronte, Charles R. He, Ji Krueger, Charles C. TI Spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; SEA-LAMPREY; CHINOOK SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; CHEMOSENSORY CUES AB Fidelity to high-quality spawning sites helps ensure that adults repeatedly spawn at sites that maximize reproductive success. Fidelity is also an important behavioural characteristic to consider when hatchery-reared individuals are stocked for species restoration, because artificial rearing environments may interfere with cues that guide appropriate spawning site selection. Acoustic telemetry was used in conjunction with Cormack-Jolly-Seber capture-recapture models to compare degree of spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron. Annual survival was estimated to be between 77% and 81% and did not differ among wild and hatchery males and females. Site fidelity estimates were high in both wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (ranging from 0.78 to 0.94, depending on group and time filter), but were slightly lower in hatchery-reared fish than in wild fish. The ecological implication of the small difference in site fidelity between wild and hatchery-reared lake trout is unclear, but similarities in estimates suggest that many hatchery-reared fish use similar spawning sites to wild fish and that most return to those sites annually for spawning. C1 [Binder, Thomas R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Holbrook, Christopher M.; Hansen, Michael J.; Bergstedt, Roger A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Bronte, Charles R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [He, Ji] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, 160 East Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Dept Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, 115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Binder, TR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM tr.binder@gmail.com OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission [GL-00E23010-3] FX Thanks go to E. Larson, H. Thompson, C. Wright, J. Van Effen, M. Lancewicz, L. Lesmeister, D. Operhall, B. Lamoreux, S. Farha, Z. Wickert, J. Osga, Z. Holmes, S. Miehls, S. Seegert, J. Hinderer, R. Darnton, K. Smith, and P. Wigren for their assistance in the field and to P. Barbeaux and the Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority (M. Ebener, R. Reining, A. Handziak, and D. Pine) for their assistance in procuring lake trout for tagging. Thanks also go to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this paper. This work was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission by way of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations (GL-00E23010-3). This paper is contribution 15 of the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System (GLATOS) and contribution number 1950 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 18 EP 34 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0175 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500003 ER PT J AU Klobucar, SL Budy, P AF Klobucar, Stephen L. Budy, Phaedra TI Consequences of seasonal variation in reservoir water level for predatory fishes: linking visual foraging and prey densities SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUPERIOR PELAGIC COMMUNITY; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; FLAMING GORGE RESERVOIR; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COARSE WOODY HABITAT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKE TROUT; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; CUTTHROAT TROUT; LIGHT AB In reservoirs, seasonal drawdown can alter the physical environment and may influence predatory fish performance. We investigated the performance of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a western reservoir by coupling field measurements with visual foraging and bioenergetic models at four distinct states (early summer, mid-summer, late summer, and fall). The models suggested that lake trout prey, juvenile kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka), are limited seasonally by suitable temperature and dissolved oxygen. Accordingly, prey densities were greatest in late summer when reservoir volume was lowest and fish were concentrated by stratification. Prey encounter rates (up to 68 fish.day(-1)) and predator consumption are also predicted to be greatest during late summer. However, our models suggested that turbidity negatively correlates with prey detection and consumption across reservoir states. Under the most turbid conditions, lake trout did not meet physiological demands; however, during less turbid periods, predator consumption reached maximum bioenergetic efficiency. Overall, our findings demonstrate that rapid reservoir fluctuations and associated abiotic conditions can influence predator-prey interactions, and our models describe the potential impacts of water level fluctuation on valuable sport fishes. C1 [Klobucar, Stephen L.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Klobucar, Stephen L.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Klobucar, SL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; Klobucar, SL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM stephen.klobucar@gmail.com FU Ute Tribe Fish and Wildlife Department; Ecology Center at Utah State University; Utah State University IACUC [1539] FX Our research was supported by the Ute Tribe Fish and Wildlife Department, and we thank J. Groves, K. Cambridge, and R. Morrill for their technical assistance. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in-kind), and The Ecology Center at Utah State University. G.P. Thiede provided extensive logistical support in the field and laboratory. K. Wilson, M. Yarnall, B. Wegleitner, and D. Weber provided additional assistance in the field. W. Wurtsbaugh, B. Neilson, D. Beauchamp, and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive criticism on previous drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of Utah State University IACUC protocol number 1539. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0008 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500005 ER PT J AU Goerig, E Castro-Santos, T Bergeron, NE AF Goerig, Elsa Castro-Santos, Theodore Bergeron, Normand Emile TI Brook trout passage performance through culverts SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEEDS; COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW; FISH PASSAGE; VELOCITY BARRIERS; STREAM FISH; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AB Culverts can restrict access to habitat for stream-dwelling fishes. We used passive integrated transponder telemetry to quantify passage performance of >1000 wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) attempting to pass 13 culverts in Quebec under a range of hydraulic and environmental conditions. Several variables influenced passage success, including complex interactions between physiology and behavior, hydraulics, and structural characteristics. The probability of successful passage was greater through corrugated metal culverts than through smooth ones, particularly among smaller fish. Trout were also more likely to pass at warmer temperatures, but this effect diminished above 15 degrees C. Passage was impeded at higher flows, through culverts with steep slopes, and those with deep downstream pools. This study provides insight on factors influencing brook trout capacity to pass culverts as well as a model to estimate passage success under various conditions, with an improved resolution and accuracy over existing approaches. It also presents methods that could be used to investigate passage success of other species, with implications for connectivity of the riverscape. C1 [Goerig, Elsa; Bergeron, Normand Emile] Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Goerig, Elsa; Bergeron, Normand Emile] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Grp Interuniv Rech Limnol & Environm Aquat GRIL, CP 6128,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Castro-Santos, Theodore] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Goerig, E (reprint author), Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada.; Goerig, E (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Grp Interuniv Rech Limnol & Environm Aquat GRIL, CP 6128,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM goerig.elsa@gmail.com OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 FU INRS-Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement; GRIL; Ministere des Transports du Quebec; Fonds de la recherche forestiere du Saguenay-Lac Saint-Jean; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de recherche Nature et Technologies du Quebec FX Support for this research was provided by INRS-Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement, the GRIL, the Ministere des Transports du Quebec, the Fonds de la recherche forestiere du Saguenay-Lac Saint-Jean, and research scholarships to E.G. from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Fonds de recherche Nature et Technologies du Quebec. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Canadian or US governments. We thank the research assistants who helped conduct the field work: A. Boivin, M.A. Pouliot, F. Berube, J.N. Bujold, J.B. Torterotot, S. Dugdale, M. Fortin, C. Larouche, H. Bouchard, P. Marcotte, F. Pichon, J. Bedard, and M. Tisserand. We also extend special thanks to P. Johnston, M. Lafrance, and D. Boula for their inputs and guidance throughout the study, as well as to D. J. Alcott and B.H. Letcher for their generous assistance with the manuscript. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 41 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0089 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500009 ER PT J AU Korman, J Yard, MD Yackulic, CB AF Korman, Josh Yard, Michael D. Yackulic, Charles B. TI Factors controlling the abundance of rainbow trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon in a reach utilized by endangered humpback chub SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED FLOOD; REGULATED RIVER; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISH; ARIZONA; GROWTH; POPULATION; MOVEMENT; RECRUITMENT; RECAPTURE AB We estimated the abundance, survival, movement, and recruitment of non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon to determine what controls their abundance near the Little Colorado River (LCR) confluence where endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) rear. Over a 3-year period, we tagged more than 70 000 trout and recovered over 8200 tagged fish. Trout density was highest (10 000-25 000 fish.km(-1)) in the reach closest to Glen Canyon Dam, where the majority of trout recruitment occurs, and was 30- to 50-fold lower (200-800 fish.km(-1)) in reaches near the LCR confluence similar to 100 km downstream. The extent of rainbow trout movement was limited with less than 1% of recaptures making movements greater than 20 km. However, because of high trout densities in upstream source areas, this small dispersal rate was sufficient to explain the threefold increase in the relatively small population near the LCR. Reducing dispersal rates of trout from upstream sources is the most feasible solution to maintain low densities near the LCR to minimize negative effects of competition and predation on humpback chub. C1 [Korman, Josh] Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. [Yard, Michael D.; Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Korman, J (reprint author), Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. EM jkorman@ecometric.com FU US Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) [G11AC20423] FX US Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) provided the logistical support and funded this study under the Grant and Cooperative Agreements No. G11AC20423. We are extremely grateful to all of the fishery technicians that have worked on this project. We thank Evan Anderson, Chelsie Arndt, Peter Atkinson, Margeaux Bestard, Erica Byerly, Tanner Carothers, Mariah Giardina, Jake Hall, Ellie Johnson, and many volunteers. We also express our thanks to the two logistical contractors Humphrey Summit Support and St. Jude Enterprises that provided the highly experienced and dedicated boat operators: Drew Andersen, Kirk Burnette, Brian Dierker, Carolyn Forenza, Dennis Harris, Jason Moore, Brett Stark, and Jamie Townsend. Additional thanks go to the GCMRC staff who also assisted on this project: Luke Avery, Glenn Bennett, Adam Coop, Kim Dibble, Carol Fritzinger, Tom Gushue, Eric Kortenhoeven, Ted Melis, Anya Metcalfe, Bill Persons, Connor Phillips, Tom Quigley, Ben Vaage, Scott VanderKooi, and Dave Ward. We thank Kevin Bestgen, an anonymous reviewer, and Keith Tierney for providing many helpful suggestions that improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 105 EP 124 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0101 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500010 ER PT J AU Yard, MD Korman, J Walters, CJ Kennedy, TA AF Yard, Michael D. Korman, Josh Walters, Carl J. Kennedy, Theodore A. TI Seasonal and spatial patterns of growth of rainbow trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BROWN TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; BROOK TROUT; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PARTIAL MIGRATION; FISH; SURVIVAL; FOOD AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been purposely introduced in many regulated rivers, with inadvertent consequences on native fishes. We describe how trout growth rates and condition could be influencing trout population dynamics in a 130 km section of the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam based on a large-scale mark-recapture program where similar to 8000 rainbow trout were recaptured over a 3-year period (2012-2014). There were strong temporal and spatial variations in growth in both length and weight as predicted from von Bertalanffy and bioenergetic models, respectively. There was more evidence for seasonal variation in the growth coefficient and annual variation in the asymptotic length. Bioenergetic models showed more variability for growth in weight across seasons and years than across reaches. These patterns were consistent with strong seasonal variation in invertebrate drift and effects of turbidity on foraging efficiency. Highest growth rates and relative condition occurred in downstream reaches with lower trout densities. Results indicate that reduction in rainbow trout abundance in Glen Canyon will likely increase trout size in the tailwater fishery and may reduce downstream dispersal into Grand Canyon. C1 [Yard, Michael D.; Kennedy, Theodore A.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Korman, Josh] Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S IJ3, Canada. [Walters, Carl J.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Yard, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM myard@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) [G11AC20423] FX US Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) provided the logistical support and funded this study under the Grant and Cooperative Agreements No. G11AC20423. We are extremely grateful to all of the fishery technicians that have worked on this project, which include Evan Anderson, Chelsie Arndt, Peter Atkinson, Margeaux Bestard, Erica Byerly, Tanner Carothers, Mariah Giardina, Jake Hall, Ellie Johnson, and many volunteers. We also thank the two logistical contractors, Humphrey Summit Support and St. Jude Enterprises, that provided the highly experienced and dedicated boat operators, which include Drew Andersen, Kirk Burnette, Brian Dierker, Carolyn Forenza, Dennis Harris, Jason Moore, Brett Stark, and Jamie Townsend. Additional thanks goes to the GCMRC staff that also assisted on this project, including Luke Avery, Glenn Bennett, Adam Coop, Kim Dibble, Carol Fritzinger, Tom Gushue, Eric Kortenhoeven, Ted Melis, Anya Metcalfe, Bill Persons, Connor Phillips, Tom Quigley, Ben Vaage, Scott VanderKooi, Dave Ward, and Charles Yackulic. Use of brand and firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0102 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500011 ER PT J AU Broms, KM Hooten, MB Johnson, DS Altwegg, R Conquest, LL AF Broms, Kristin M. Hooten, Mevin B. Johnson, Devin S. Altwegg, Res Conquest, Loveday L. TI Dynamic occupancy models for explicit colonization processes SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acridotheres tristis; citizen science; colonization; Common Myna; dynamic occupancy model; extinction; invasive species; multi-season model; Southern African Bird Atlas Project; spatiotemporal processes; species distribution maps ID SPECIES RANGE DYNAMICS; BAYESIAN MODEL; NEIGHBORHOOD; EXTINCTION; EXPANSION; SELECTION; SPREAD AB The dynamic, multi-season occupancy model framework has become a popular tool for modeling open populations with occupancies that change over time through local colonizations and extinctions. However, few versions of the model relate these probabilities to the occupancies of neighboring sites or patches. We present a modeling framework that incorporates this information and is capable of describing a wide variety of spatiotemporal colonization and extinction processes. A key feature of the model is that it is based on a simple set of small-scale rules describing how the process evolves. The result is a dynamic process that can account for complicated large-scale features. In our model, a site is more likely to be colonized if more of its neighbors were previously occupied and if it provides more appealing environmental characteristics than its neighboring sites. Additionally, a site without occupied neighbors may also become colonized through the inclusion of a long-distance dispersal process. Although similar model specifications have been developed for epidemiological applications, ours formally accounts for detectability using the well-known occupancy modeling framework. After demonstrating the viability and potential of this new form of dynamic occupancy model in a simulation study, we use it to obtain inference for the ongoing Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) invasion in South Africa. Our results suggest that the Common Myna continues to enlarge its distribution and its spread via short distance movement, rather than long-distance dispersal. Overall, this new modeling framework provides a powerful tool for managers examining the drivers of colonization including short- vs. long-distance dispersal, habitat quality, and distance from source populations. C1 [Broms, Kristin M.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, Stat Ecol Environm & Conservat, Dept Stat Sci, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, African Climate & Dev Initiat, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Conquest, Loveday L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98161 USA. RP Broms, KM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kristin.broms@rams.colostate.edu FU National Research Foundation of South Africa [85802] FX The authors would like to thank all the volunteers who contributed to the Southern African Bird Atlas Project, and the reviewers for their suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. R. Altwegg was supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant 85802). The NRF accepts no liability for opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 1 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1890/15-0416.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DD3VZ UT WOS:000369852600021 PM 27008788 ER PT J AU Scown, MW Thoms, MC De Jager, NR AF Scown, M. W. Thoms, M. C. De Jager, N. R. TI An index of floodplain surface complexity SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODPLAIN; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; SCALE; CONNECTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; MORPHOLOGY; AUSTRALIA; FRAMEWORK; PATTERNS AB Floodplain surface topography is an important component of floodplain ecosystems. It is the primary physical template upon which ecosystem processes are acted out, and complexity in this template can contribute to the high biodiversity and productivity of floodplain ecosystems. There has been a limited appreciation of floodplain surface complexity because of the traditional focus on temporal variability in floodplains as well as limitations to quantifying spatial complexity. An index of floodplain surface complexity (FSC) is developed in this paper and applied to eight floodplains from different geographic settings. The index is based on two key indicators of complexity, variability in surface geometry (VSG) and the spatial organisation of surface conditions (SPO), and was determined at three sampling scales. FSC, VSG, and SPO varied between the eight floodplains and these differences depended upon sampling scale. Relationships between these measures of spatial complexity and seven geomorphological and hydrological drivers were investigated. There was a significant decline in all complexity measures with increasing floodplain width, which was explained by either a power, logarithmic, or exponential function. There was an initial rapid decline in surface complexity as floodplain width increased from 1.5 to 5 km, followed by little change in floodplains wider than 10 km. VSG also increased significantly with increasing sediment yield. No significant relationships were determined between any of the four hydrological variables and floodplain surface complexity. C1 [Scown, M. W.; Thoms, M. C.] Univ New England, Riverine Landscapes Res Lab, Armidale, NSW, Australia. [De Jager, N. R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Scown, MW (reprint author), Univ New England, Riverine Landscapes Res Lab, Armidale, NSW, Australia. EM mscown2@myune.edu.au OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125; Scown, Murray/0000-0003-0663-7937 FU University of New England; USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center FX The authors wish to thank Janet Hooke and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments on earlier versions greatly improved the manuscript. The authors wish to acknowledge support from the University of New England and the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, without which this research would not have been possible. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Data to support this article are available from the authors. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2016 VL 20 IS 1 BP 431 EP 441 DI 10.5194/hess-20-431-2016 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DD1GD UT WOS:000369668400025 ER PT J AU Treat, CC Jones, MC Camill, P Gallego-Sala, A Garneau, M Harden, JW Hugelius, G Klein, ES Kokfelt, U Kuhry, P Loisel, J Mathijssen, PJH O'Donnell, JA Oksanen, PO Ronkainen, TM Sannel, ABK Talbot, J Tarnocai, C Valiranta, M AF Treat, C. C. Jones, M. C. Camill, P. Gallego-Sala, A. Garneau, M. Harden, J. W. Hugelius, G. Klein, E. S. Kokfelt, U. Kuhry, P. Loisel, J. Mathijssen, P. J. H. O'Donnell, J. A. Oksanen, P. O. Ronkainen, T. M. Sannel, A. B. K. Talbot, J. Tarnocai, C. Valiranta, M. TI Effects of permafrost aggradation on peat properties as determined from a pan-Arctic synthesis of plant macrofossils SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE peatland; plant macrofossil; permafrost; soil properties; carbon cycling; paleoecology ID CONTINENTAL WESTERN CANADA; HUDSON-BAY LOWLANDS; CARBON ACCUMULATION; BOREAL PEATLANDS; FINNISH LAPLAND; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PALEOHYDROLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AB Permafrost dynamics play an important role in high-latitude peatland carbon balance and are key to understanding the future response of soil carbon stocks. Permafrost aggradation can control the magnitude of the carbon feedback in peatlands through effects on peat properties. We compiled peatland plant macrofossil records for the northern permafrost zone (515 cores from 280 sites) and classified samples by vegetation type and environmental class (fen, bog, tundra and boreal permafrost, and thawed permafrost). We examined differences in peat properties (bulk density, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and organic matter content, and C/N ratio) and C accumulation rates among vegetation types and environmental classes. Consequences of permafrost aggradation differed between boreal and tundra biomes, including differences in vegetation composition, C/N ratios, and N content. The vegetation composition of tundra permafrost peatlands was similar to permafrost-free fens, while boreal permafrost peatlands more closely resembled permafrost-free bogs. Nitrogen content in boreal permafrost and thawed permafrost peatlands was significantly lower than in permafrost-free bogs despite similar vegetation types (0.9% versus 1.5% N). Median long-term C accumulation rates were higher in fens (23g C m(-2)yr(-1)) than in permafrost-free bogs (18g C m(-2)yr(-1)) and were lowest in boreal permafrost peatlands (14g C m(-2)yr(-1)). The plant macrofossil record demonstrated transitions from fens to bogs to permafrost peatlands, bogs to fens, permafrost aggradation within fens, and permafrost thaw and reaggradation. Using data synthesis, we have identified predominant peatland successional pathways, changes in vegetation type, peat properties, and C accumulation rates associated with permafrost aggradation. C1 [Treat, C. C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Treat, C. C.; Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jones, M. C.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Earth & Oceanog Sci Dept, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Environm Studies Program, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Gallego-Sala, A.] Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Garneau, M.] Univ Quebec, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Garneau, M.] Univ Quebec, GEOTOP Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Hugelius, G.; Kuhry, P.; Sannel, A. B. K.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Klein, E. S.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kokfelt, U.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Loisel, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Mathijssen, P. J. H.; Ronkainen, T. M.; Valiranta, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, Helsinki, Finland. [O'Donnell, J. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK USA. [Talbot, J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Tarnocai, C.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Treat, CC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA.; Treat, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ctreat@usgs.gov OI Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178 FU National Science Foundation [ARC-1304823]; Climate and Land-use Change Research and Development Program at the USGS; Academy of Finland [131409, 1140900]; University of Helsinki; Royal Swedish Academy of Science; Ymer-80, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Ymer-80, Ahlmann Foundation; NSF [DEB 0092704] FX We thank Jonathan Nichols, Kristen Manies, Jessica Rodysill, and two anonymous reviewers for critical comments that helped to improve this manuscript. C. T. and M. J. acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation (ARC-1304823). M. J. is funded by the Climate and Land-use Change Research and Development Program at the USGS. M. V., T. R., and P. M. acknowledge funding from the Academy of Finland (projects 131409 and 1140900) and from the University of Helsinki. B. S. received financial support from the Royal Swedish Academy of Science and the Ymer-80, Knut and Alice Wallenberg and Ahlmann Foundations. P. C. was supported by NSF (DEB 0092704). All data for this paper are properly cited in supporting information Table S1. Additionally, data can be accessed following registration from the International Soil Carbon Network (http://iscn.fluxdata.org/Pages/default.aspx; DOI pending). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 104 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 78 EP 94 DI 10.1002/2015JG003061 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DD8JP UT WOS:000370173100005 ER PT J AU Grifoll, M Aretxabaleta, AL Pelegri, JL Espino, M AF Grifoll, M. Aretxabaleta, A. L. Pelegri, J. L. Espino, M. TI Temporal evolution of the momentum balance terms and frictional adjustment observed over the inner shelf during a storm SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN SEA; COASTAL OCEAN; CIRCULATION; CURRENTS; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; WAVES; WIND; WINTER; FRONT AB We investigate the rapidly changing equilibrium between the momentum sources and sinks during the passage of a single two-peak storm over the Catalan inner shelf (NW Mediterranean Sea). Velocity measurements at 24m water depth are taken as representative of the inner shelf, and the cross-shelf variability is explored with measurements at 50m water depth. During both wind pulses, the flow accelerated at 24m until shortly after the wind maxima, when the bottom stress was able to compensate for the wind stress. Concurrently, the sea level also responded, with the pressure-gradient force opposing the wind stress. Before, during and after the second wind pulse, there were velocity fluctuations with both super-and sub-inertial periods likely associated with transient coastal waves. Throughout the storm, the Coriolis force and wave radiation stresses were relatively unimportant in the along-shelf momentum balance. The frictional adjustment timescale was around 10 h, consistent with the e-folding time obtained from bottom drag parameterizations. The momentum evolution at 50m showed a larger influence of the Coriolis force at the expense of a decreased frictional relevance, typical in the transition from the inner to the mid-shelf. C1 [Grifoll, M.; Espino, M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. [Grifoll, M.; Espino, M.] Int Ctr Coastal Resources Res, Barcelona, Spain. [Aretxabaleta, A. L.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Pelegri, J. L.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Dept Oceanog Fis & Tecnol, Barcelona, Spain. RP Grifoll, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. EM manel.grifoll@upc.edu OI Aretxabaleta, Alfredo/0000-0002-9914-8018; Grifoll, Manel/0000-0003-4260-6732 FU DARDO [ENE2012-38772-C02-02]; Rises-AM [GA603396]; Plan-Wave [CTM2013-45141-R]; ICoast project [Echo/SUB/2013/661009] FX This work was supported by DARDO (ENE2012-38772-C02-02), Rises-AM (GA603396), Plan-Wave (CTM2013-45141-R) and ICoast project (Echo/SUB/2013/661009). We would like to thank Joan Puigdefabregas, Jordi Cateura and Joaquim Sospedra (LIM-UPC, Barcelona, Spain) for the data acquisition campaign. The authors thank Alexis Beudin (USGS, Woods Hole, USA) and Ken Brink (WHOI, Woods Hole, USA) for a number of useful suggestions. We are also very grateful to our reviewers, Vlado Malacic and one anonymous oceanographer, for their ideas; Vlado Malacic raised the issue of the potential relevance of coastal waves, which meant a substantial reanalysis of our velocity data and a reinterpretation of our results. Finally, we are pleased to acknowledge Gabriel Csanady and Steve Lentz, as their seminal studies on the circulation of the coastal ocean have been a source of inspiration to our work. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.5194/os-12-137-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DC6PO UT WOS:000369342300011 ER PT J AU Lu, XT Reed, SC Yu, Q Han, XG AF Lu, Xiao-Tao Reed, Sasha C. Yu, Qiang Han, Xing-Guo TI Nutrient resorption helps drive intra-specific coupling of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus under nutrient-enriched conditions SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Ecological stoichiometry; Nitrogen addition; Nutrient cycling; Nutrient retranslocation; Phosphorus addition; Plant functional traits ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; LEAF PHOSPHORUS; INNER-MONGOLIA; CO-LIMITATION; PATTERNS; CARBON; PLANTS; STOICHIOMETRY AB Plant biomass growth, storage, and decomposition connect nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles, yet we know relatively little about the dynamics of such coupling under nutrient enriched conditions, and our understanding of the interactive relationships between plant N and P in drylands remains particularly poor. In a semiarid steppe of northern China, we examined the effects of single and combined N and P additions on soil and plant N and P pools for both mature and senesced leaves in two dominant grasses: Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis. Nitrogen additions increased N concentrations in mature and senesced leaves for each plant species, and decreased N and P resorption during leaf senescence. The effects of N additions on foliar P concentrations were species-specific, while P additions had no effect on any nutrient characteristics examined. Due to treatment effects on N resorption, N and P concentrations were tightly correlated in senesced leaves but not in mature leaves. Taken together, the results suggest plants in this ecosystem are much more responsive to changing N cycles than P cycles and emphasize the significance of nutrient resorption as an important plant control over the stoichiometric coupling of N and P under nutrient enriched conditions. C1 [Lu, Xiao-Tao; Yu, Qiang; Han, Xing-Guo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, State Key Lab Forest & Soil Ecol, Shenyang 110164, Peoples R China. [Lu, Xiao-Tao] NE Normal Univ, Inst Grassland Sci, Key Lab Vegetat Ecol, Minist Educ, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Lu, XT (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, State Key Lab Forest & Soil Ecol, Shenyang 110164, Peoples R China. EM lvxiaotao@gmail.com RI Lu (u), Xiao-Tao/B-3905-2008; Yu, Qiang/E-2097-2011; Han, Xingguo/K-7552-2016 OI Lu (u), Xiao-Tao/0000-0001-5571-1895; Yu, Qiang/0000-0002-5480-0623; Han, Xingguo/0000-0002-1836-975X FU National Basic Research Program of China [2015CB150802]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41273094, 31470505]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB15010403]; State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology [LFSE2013-13]; Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [2014174]; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education FX The authors thank Weijun Wu and Shuxia Liu for help with field measurements, Qiang Li and Li Li for help with laboratory analyses, and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. This study was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150802), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41273094 and 31470505), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB15010403), the State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology (LFSE2013-13 and 2015-16), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2014174), and the Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2016 VL 398 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s11104-015-2642-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA DB5JP UT WOS:000368550700009 ER PT J AU Selkowitz, DJ Forster, RR AF Selkowitz, David J. Forster, Richard R. TI An Automated Approach for Mapping Persistent Ice and Snow Cover over High Latitude Regions SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing of glaciers; snow and ice; Landsat; arctic ID LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER; SEA-LEVEL RISE; GLACIER INVENTORY; BAFFIN-ISLAND; IN-SITU; SATELLITE; IMAGERY; REFLECTANCE; CAPS; AVAILABILITY AB We developed an automated approach for mapping persistent ice and snow cover (glaciers and perennial snowfields) from Landsat TM and ETM+ data across a variety of topography, glacier types, and climatic conditions at high latitudes (above similar to 65 degrees N). Our approach exploits all available Landsat scenes acquired during the late summer (1 August-15 September) over a multi-year period and employs an automated cloud masking algorithm optimized for snow and ice covered mountainous environments. Pixels from individual Landsat scenes were classified as snow/ice covered or snow/ice free based on the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), and pixels consistently identified as snow/ice covered over a five-year period were classified as persistent ice and snow cover. The same NDSI and ratio of snow/ice-covered days to total days thresholds applied consistently across eight study regions resulted in persistent ice and snow cover maps that agreed closely in most areas with glacier area mapped for the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI), with a mean accuracy (agreement with the RGI) of 0.96, a mean precision (user's accuracy of the snow/ice cover class) of 0.92, a mean recall (producer's accuracy of the snow/ice cover class) of 0.86, and a mean F-score (a measure that considers both precision and recall) of 0.88. We also compared results from our approach to glacier area mapped from high spatial resolution imagery at four study regions and found similar results. Accuracy was lowest in regions with substantial areas of debris-covered glacier ice, suggesting that manual editing would still be required in these regions to achieve reasonable results. The similarity of our results to those from the RGI as well as glacier area mapped from high spatial resolution imagery suggests it should be possible to apply this approach across large regions to produce updated 30-m resolution maps of persistent ice and snow cover. In the short term, automated PISC maps can be used to rapidly identify areas where substantial changes in glacier area have occurred since the most recent conventional glacier inventories, highlighting areas where updated inventories are most urgently needed. From a longer term perspective, the automated production of PISC maps represents an important step toward fully automated glacier extent monitoring using Landsat or similar sensors. C1 [Selkowitz, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Selkowitz, David J.; Forster, Richard R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, 260 S Cent Campus Dr,Room 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Selkowitz, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Selkowitz, DJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geog, 260 S Cent Campus Dr,Room 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM dselkowitz@usgs.gov; rick.forster@geog.utah.edu FU Land Remote Sensing Program of the US Geological Survey FX Funding for this research was provided by the Land Remote Sensing Program of the US Geological Survey. We also wish to thank Daniel McGrath and four anonymous reviewers who provided substantial feedback for improving the manuscript. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 16 DI 10.3390/rs8010016 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8US UT WOS:000369495800018 ER PT S AU Golden, NH Warner, SE Coffey, MJ AF Golden, Nancy H. Warner, Sarah E. Coffey, Michael J. BE DeVoogt, P TI A Review and Assessment of Spent Lead Ammunition and Its Exposure and Effects to Scavenging Birds in the United States SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 237 SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; WINTERING BALD EAGLES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; CONDORS GYMNOGYPS-CALIFORNIANUS; DOVES STREPTOPELIA-RISORIA; HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION; GAME-FARM MALLARDS; SWANS CYGNUS-OLOR C1 [Golden, Nancy H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. [Warner, Sarah E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Madison, WI 53717 USA. [Coffey, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Crab Orchard Natl Wildlife Refuge, Marion, IL 62959 USA. RP Golden, NH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM Nancy_Golden@fws.gov NR 254 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 22 U2 35 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0179-5953 BN 978-3-319-23573-8; 978-3-319-23572-1 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2016 VL 237 BP 123 EP 191 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-23573-8_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-23573-8 PG 69 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BE2OH UT WOS:000369711200008 PM 26613991 ER PT J AU Work, TM Aeby, GS Hughen, KA AF Work, T. M. Aeby, G. S. Hughen, K. A. TI Gross and Microscopic Lesions in Corals from Micronesia SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coral; histopathology; disease; Micronesia; Indo-Pacific; Cnidaria; bleaching; dark discoloration; symbionts ID LOSS WHITE SYNDROME; REEF CORAL; INDO-PACIFIC; TISSUE LOSS; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; MONTIPORA-CAPITATA; PORITES-COMPRESSA; BAND DISEASE; ACROPORA; ASSOCIATION AB The authors documented gross and microscopic morphology of lesions in corals on 7 islands spanning western, southern, and eastern Micronesia, sampling 76 colonies comprising 30 species of corals among 18 genera, with Acropora, Porites, and Montipora dominating. Tissue loss comprised the majority of gross lesions sampled (41%), followed by discoloration (30%) and growth anomaly (29%). Of 31 cases of tissue loss, most lesions were subacute (48%), followed by acute and chronic (26% each). Of 23 samples with discoloration, most were dark discoloration (40%), with bleaching and other discoloration each constituting 30%. Of 22 growth anomalies, umbonate growth anomalies composed half, with exophytic, nodular, and rugose growth anomalies composing the remainder. On histopathology, for 9 cases of dark discoloration, fungal infections predominated (77%); for 7 bleached corals, depletion of zooxanthellae from the gastrodermis made up a majority of microscopic diagnoses (57%); and for growth anomalies other than umbonate, hyperplasia of the basal body wall was the most common microscopic finding (63%). For the remainder of the gross lesions, no single microscopic finding constituted >50% of the total. Host response varied with the agent present on histology. Fragmentation of tissues was most often associated with algae (60%), whereas necrosis dominated (53%) for fungi. Two newly documented potentially symbiotic tissue-associated metazoans were seen in Porites and Montipora. Findings of multiple potential etiologies for a given gross lesion highlight the importance of incorporating histopathology in coral disease surveys. This study also expands the range of corals infected with cell-associated microbial aggregates. C1 [Work, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Aeby, G. S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Hughen, K. A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov FU Dalio Family Foundation FX Dr Douglas Fenner graciously assisted with the identification of corals. We thank Ray Dalio and the Dalio Family Foundation for their support of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Access to the Sea program, through which this work was partially funded, and the crew of the R/V Alucia for logistical support. Susan Knowles and anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments. Mention of products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1177/0300985815571669 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA DD0SM UT WOS:000369629800015 PM 25765523 ER PT J AU Selbig, WR Fienen, MN Horwatich, JA Bannerman, RT AF Selbig, Willliam R. Fienen, Michael N. Horwatich, Judy A. Bannerman, Roger T. TI The Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Design of Urban Stormwater Control Measures SO WATER LA English DT Article DE particle size distribution; stormwater; urban; sediment; solids; pollutant model ID SOLIDS STRATIFICATION BIAS; INTEGRATED SAMPLE ARM; RUNOFF; AREA AB An urban pollutant loading model was used to demonstrate how incorrect assumptions on the particle size distribution (PSD) in urban runoff can alter the design characteristics of stormwater control measures (SCMs) used to remove solids in stormwater. Field-measured PSD, although highly variable, is generally coarser than the widely-accepted PSD characterized by the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP). PSDs can be predicted based on environmental surrogate data. There were no appreciable differences in predicted PSD when grouped by season. Model simulations of a wet detention pond and catch basin showed a much smaller surface area is needed to achieve the same level of solids removal using the median value of field-measured PSD as compared to NURP PSD. Therefore, SCMs that used the NURP PSD in the design process could be unnecessarily oversized. The median of measured PSDs, although more site-specific than NURP PSDs, could still misrepresent the efficiency of an SCM because it may not adequately capture the variability of individual runoff events. Future pollutant loading models may account for this variability through regression with environmental surrogates, but until then, without proper site characterization, the adoption of a single PSD to represent all runoff conditions may result in SCMs that are under- or over-sized, rendering them ineffective or unnecessarily costly. C1 [Selbig, Willliam R.; Fienen, Michael N.; Horwatich, Judy A.; Bannerman, Roger T.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Selbig, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM wrselbig@usgs.gov; mnfienen@usgs.gov; jahorwat@usgs.gov; rbannerman@usgs.gov FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources FX The authors would like to thank Greg Granato and David Rus of the U.S. Geological Survey for their helpful comments. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provided financial support necessary to complete this paper. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 17 DI 10.3390/w8010017 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DC9AO UT WOS:000369512800021 ER PT J AU Oestreich, WK Ganju, NK Pohlman, JW Suttles, SE AF Oestreich, W. K. Ganju, N. K. Pohlman, J. W. Suttles, S. E. TI Colored dissolved organic matter in shallow estuaries: relationships between carbon sources and light attenuation SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; PEARL RIVER ESTUARY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; YELLOW SUBSTANCE; COASTAL WATERS; ISOTOPES; RATIOS AB Light availability is of primary importance to the ecological function of shallow estuaries. For example, benthic primary production by submerged aquatic vegetation is contingent upon light penetration to the seabed. A major component that attenuates light in estuaries is colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). CDOM is often measured via a proxy, fluorescing dissolved organic matter (fDOM), due to the ease of in situ fDOM sensor measurements. Fluorescence must be converted to CDOM absorbance for use in light attenuation calculations. However, this CDOM-fDOM relationship varies among and within estuaries. We quantified the variability in this relationship within three estuaries along the mid-Atlantic margin of the eastern United States: West Falmouth Harbor (MA), Barnegat Bay (NJ), and Chincoteague Bay (MD/VA). Land use surrounding these estuaries ranges from urban to developed, with varying sources of nutrients and organic matter. Measurements of fDOM (excitation and emission wavelengths of 365 nm (+/- 5 nm) and 460 nm (+/- 40 nm), respectively) and CDOM absorbance were taken along a terrestrial-to-marine gradient in all three estuaries. The ratio of the absorption coefficient at 340 nm (m(-1)) to fDOM (QSU) was higher in West Falmouth Harbor (1.22) than in Barnegat Bay (0.22) and Chincoteague Bay (0.17). The CDOM: fDOM absorption ratio was variable between sites within West Falmouth Harbor and Barnegat Bay, but consistent between sites within Chincoteague Bay. Stable carbon isotope analysis for constraining the source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in West Falmouth Harbor and Barnegat Bay yielded delta C-13 values ranging from 19.7 to 26.1 parts per thousand and 20.8 to 26.7 parts per thousand, respectively. Concentration and stable carbon isotope mixing models of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) indicate a contribution of C-13-enriched DOC in the estuaries. The most likely source of C-13-enriched DOC for the systems we investigated is Spartina cordgrass. Comparison of DOC source to CDOM: fDOM absorption ratios at each site demonstrates the relationship between source and optical properties. Samples with C-13-enriched carbon isotope values, indicating a greater contribution from marsh organic material, had higher CDOM: fDOM absorption ratios than samples with greater contribution from terrestrial organic material. Applying a uniform CDOM: fDOM absorption ratio and spectral slope within a given estuary yields errors in modeled light attenuation ranging from 11 to 33% depending on estuary. The application of a uniform absorption ratio across all estuaries doubles this error. This study demonstrates that light attenuation coefficients for CDOM based on continuous fDOM records are highly dependent on the source of DOM present in the estuary. Thus, light attenuation models for estuaries would be improved by quantification of CDOM absorption and DOM source identification. C1 [Oestreich, W. K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Oestreich, W. K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Ganju, N. K.; Pohlman, J. W.; Suttles, S. E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Student Fellowship Program; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Funding was provided by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Student Fellowship Program and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Thanks to Brian Bergamaschi of the US Geological Survey California Water Science Center for input on fDOM corrections. Thanks to the Rutgers University Marine Field Station, in particular Tom Malatesta and Roland Hagan, for field support at Barnegat Bay. Thanks also to Nicholas Nidzieko of the University of Maryland Horn Point Laboratory for field support at Chincoteague Bay. Patrick Dickhudt and Wally Brooks provided assistance with instrument preparation and running of stable carbon isotope analysis samples, respectively. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 34 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 2 BP 583 EP 595 DI 10.5194/bg-13-583-2016 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DC9ES UT WOS:000369524500017 ER PT J AU Han, LF Plummer, LN AF Han, L. F. Plummer, L. N. TI A review of single-sample-based models and other approaches for radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Radiocarbon; Dating; Groundwater; Models; Graphical; Review ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; WATER-SYSTEMS; NOBLE-GASES; C-14 AGES; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SANDSTONE AQUIFER; FLORIDAN AQUIFER; EVOLUTION AB Numerous methods have been proposed to estimate the pre-nuclear-detonation C-14 content of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) recharged to groundwater that has been corrected/adjusted for geochemical processes in the absence of radioactive decay (C-14(0)) - a quantity that is essential for estimation of radiocarbon age of DIC in groundwater. The models/approaches most commonly used are grouped as follows: (1) single-sample based models, (2) a statistical approach based on the observed (curved) relationship between C-14 and delta C-13 data for the aquifer, and (3) the geochemical mass-balance approach that constructs adjustment models accounting for all the geochemical reactions known to occur along a groundwater flow path. This review discusses first the geochemical processes behind each of the single-sample-based models, followed by discussions of the statistical approach and the geochemical mass-balance approach. Finally, the applications, advantages and limitations of the three groups of models/approaches are discussed. The single-sample-based models constitute the prevailing use of C-14 data in hydrogeology and hydrological studies. This is in part because the models are applied to an individual water sample to estimate the C-14 age, therefore the measurement data are easily available. These models have been shown to provide realistic radiocarbon ages in many studies. However, they usually are limited to simple carbonate aquifers and selection of model may have significant effects on C-14(0) often resulting in a wide range of estimates of C-14 ages. Of the single-sample-based models, four are recommended for the estimation of C-14(0) of DIC in groundwater: Pearson's model, (Ingerson and Pearson, 1964; Pearson and White, 1967), Han & Plummer's model (Han and Plummer, 2013), the IAEA model (Gonfiantini, 1972; Salem et al., 1980), and Oeschger's model (Geyh, 2000). These four models include all processes considered in single-sample-based models, and can be used in different ranges of C-13 values. In contrast to the single-sample-based models, the extended Gonfiantini & Zuppi model (Gonfiantini and Zuppi, 2003; Han et al., 2014) is a statistical approach. This approach can be used to estimate C-14 ages when a curved relationship between the C-14 and C-13 values of the DIC data is observed. In addition to estimation of groundwater ages, the relationship between C-14 and delta C-13 data can be used to interpret hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer, e.g. estimating apparent rates of geochemical reactions and revealing the complexity of the geochemical environment, and identify samples that are not affected by the same set of reactions/processes as the rest of the dataset. The investigated water samples may have a wide range of ages, and for waters with very low values of C-14, the model based on statistics may give more reliable age estimates than those obtained from single sample-based models. In the extended Gonfiantini & Zuppi model, a representative system-wide value of the initial C-14 content is derived from the C-14 and delta C-13 data of DIC and can differ from that used in single-sample-based models. Therefore, the extended Gonfiantini & Zuppi model usually avoids the effect of modern water components which might retain 'bomb' pulse signatures. The geochemical mass-balance approach constructs an adjustment model that accounts for all the geochemical reactions known to occur along an aquifer flow path (Plummer et al., 1983; Wigley et al., 1978; Plummer et al., 1994; Plummer and Glynn, 2013), and includes, in addition to DIC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and methane (CH4). If sufficient chemical, mineralogical and isotopic data are available, the geochemical mass-balance method can yield the most accurate estimates of the adjusted radiocarbon age. The main limitation of this approach is that complete information is necessary on chemical, mineralogical and isotopic data and these data are often limited. Failure to recognize the limitations and underlying assumptions on which the various models and approaches are based can result in a wide range of estimates of C-14(0) and limit the usefulness of radiocarbon as a dating tool for groundwater. In each of the three generalized approaches (single-sample-based models, statistical approach, and geochemical mass-balance approach), successful application depends on scrutiny of the isotopic (C-14 and C-13) and chemical data to conceptualize the reactions and processes that affect the C-14 content of DIC in aquifers. The recently developed graphical analysis method is shown to aid in determining which approach is most appropriate for the isotopic and chemical data from a groundwater system. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, L. F.] IAEA, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, Div Phys & Chem Sci, Isotope Hydrol Sect, POB 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Plummer, L. N.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 432, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Han, LF (reprint author), Nanjing Hydraul Res Inst, Hydrol & Water Resources Dept, Guangzhou Rd 223,POB 210029, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM L.F.Han@hotrnail.com OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 134 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 152 BP 119 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.11.004 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC4TM UT WOS:000369213200007 ER PT J AU Edwards, T Tollis, M Hsieh, P Gutenkunst, RN Liu, Z Kusumi, K Culver, M Murphy, RW AF Edwards, Taylor Tollis, Marc Hsieh, PingHsun Gutenkunst, Ryan N. Liu, Zhen Kusumi, Kenro Culver, Melanie Murphy, Robert W. TI Assessing models of speciation under different biogeographic scenarios; an empirical study using multi-locus and RNA-seq analyses SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ai; allopatric; gene flow; Gopherus; parapatric; phylogenetic; transcriptome ID TORTOISE GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; DNA-SEQUENCING DATA; GENE FLOW; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DESERT TORTOISE; HYBRID ZONES; ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; GENOMIC ISLANDS AB Evolutionary biology often seeks to decipher the drivers of speciation, and much debate persists over the relative importance of isolation and gene flow in the formation of new species. Genetic studies of closely related species can assess if gene flow was present during speciation, because signatures of past introgression often persist in the genome. We test hypotheses on which mechanisms of speciation drove diversity among three distinct lineages of desert tortoise in the genus Gopherus. These lineages offer a powerful system to study speciation, because different biogeographic patterns (physical vs. ecological segregation) are observed at opposing ends of their distributions. We use 82 samples collected from 38 sites, representing the entire species' distribution and generate sequence data for mtDNA and four nuclear loci. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis in *BEAST estimates the species tree. RNA-seq data yield 20,126 synonymous variants from 7665 contigs from two individuals of each of the three lineages. Analyses of these data using the demographic inference package ai serve to test the null hypothesis of no gene flow during divergence. The best-fit demographic model for the three taxa is concordant with the *BEAST species tree, and the ai analysis does not indicate gene flow among any of the three lineages during their divergence. These analyses suggest that divergence among the lineages occurred in the absence of gene flow and in this scenario the genetic signature of ecological isolation (parapatric model) cannot be differentiated from geographic isolation (allopatric model). C1 [Edwards, Taylor; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Edwards, Taylor] Univ Arizona, Genet Core, 1657 E Helen St,Room 111, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tollis, Marc; Kusumi, Kenro] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hsieh, PingHsun; Gutenkunst, Ryan N.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gutenkunst, Ryan N.] Univ Arizona, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liu, Zhen; Murphy, Robert W.] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Zool, State Key Lab Genet Resources & Evolut, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, USGS, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Murphy, Robert W.] Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. RP Edwards, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Genet Core, 1657 E Helen St,Room 111, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM taylore@email.arizona.edu FU Royal Ontario Museum Foundation; NSERC [A3148]; Arizona Research Laboratories; Tucson Herpetological Society; Desert Tortoise Council; Fisher Scientific through their Scholar of Excellence Award; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona; NSF [DEB-1146074] FX Funding for this project was obtained from the Royal Ontario Museum Foundation, NSERC Discovery Grant A3148, Arizona Research Laboratories, Tucson Herpetological Society, Desert Tortoise Council, and Fisher Scientific through their Scholar of Excellence Award with matching funds received from the School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona. RNG and PH were supported by NSF grant DEB-1146074. NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 BP 379 EP 396 DI 10.1002/ece3.1865 PG 18 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DC4BJ UT WOS:000369164400001 PM 26843925 ER PT J AU Brown, NL Peacock, MM Ritchie, ME AF Brown, Nathanael L. Peacock, Mary M. Ritchie, Mark E. TI Genetic variation and population structure in a threatened species, the Utah prairie dog Cynomys parvidens: the use of genetic data to inform conservation actions SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian genotype clustering analysis; genetic diversity; genetic structure; threatened; Utah prairie dog ID EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; LAHONTAN CUTTHROAT TROUT; CASTOR-FIBER STOCK; GROUND-SQUIRREL; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; EXTINCTION RISK; WESTERN-EUROPE; GREAT-BRITAIN; DIVERSITY; SOFTWARE AB The Utah prairie dog (Cynomys parvidens), listed as threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act, was the subject of an extensive eradication program throughout its range during the 20th century. Eradication campaigns, habitat destruction/fragmentation/conversion, and epizootic outbreaks (e.g., sylvatic plague) have reduced prairie dog numbers from an estimated 95,000 individuals in the 1920s to approximately 14,000 (estimated adult spring count) today. As a result of these anthropogenic actions, the species is now found in small isolated sets of subpopulations. We characterized the levels of genetic diversity and population genetic structure using 10 neutral nuclear microsatellite loci for twelve populations (native and transplanted) representative of the three management designated recovery units, found in three distinct biogeographic regions, sampled across the species' range. The results indicate (1) low levels of genetic diversity within colonies (H-e=0.109-0.357; H-o=0.106- 0.313), (2) high levels of genetic differentiation among colonies (global F-ST=0.296), (3) very small genetic effective population sizes, and (4) evidence of genetic bottlenecks. The genetic data reveal additional subdivision such that colonies within recovery units do not form single genotype clusters consistent with recovery unit boundaries. Genotype cluster membership support historical gene flow among colonies in the easternmost West Desert Recovery Unit with the westernmost Pausaugunt colonies and among the eastern Pausaugunt colonies and the Awapa Recovery unit to the north. In order to maintain the long-term viability of the species, there needs to be an increased focus on maintaining suitable habitat between groups of existing populations that can act as connective corridors. The location of future translocation sites should be located in areas that will maximize connectivity, leading to maintenance of genetic variation and evolutionary potential. C1 [Brown, Nathanael L.; Ritchie, Mark E.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, 107 Coll Pl,LSC, Syracuse, NY 13224 USA. [Peacock, Mary M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol MS314, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Brown, Nathanael L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Utah Field Off, 1789 N Wedgewood Lane, Cedar City, UT 84721 USA. RP Peacock, MM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol MS314, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM mpeacock@unr.edu FU United States Bureau of Land Management; Utah Department of Natural Resources; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Syracuse University FX The work was supported by United States Bureau of Land Management Challenge Cost-Share grants, the Utah Department of Natural Resources Endangered Species Mitigation Fund, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, and Syracuse University. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 BP 426 EP 446 DI 10.1002/ece3.1874 PG 21 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DC4BJ UT WOS:000369164400004 PM 26843928 ER PT J AU Bedrosian, PA Schamper, C Auken, E AF Bedrosian, Paul A. Schamper, Cyril Auken, Esben TI A comparison of helicopter-borne electromagnetic systems for hydrogeologic studies SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article DE Airborne electromagnetic; Ground water; Inversion ID AIRBORNE EM DATA; RESISTIVITY DATA; TIME-DOMAIN; CONSTRAINED INVERSION; CALIBRATION AB The increased application of airborne electromagnetic surveys to hydrogeological studies is driving a demand for data that can consistently be inverted for accurate subsurface resistivity structure from the near surface to depths of several hundred metres. We present an evaluation of three commercial airborne electromagnetic systems over two test blocks in western Nebraska, USA. The selected test blocks are representative of shallow and deep alluvial aquifer systems with low groundwater salinity and an electrically conductive base of aquifer. The aquifer units show significant lithologic heterogeneity and include both modern and ancient river systems. We compared the various data sets to one another and inverted resistivity models to borehole lithology and to ground geophysical models. We find distinct differences among the airborne electromagnetic systems as regards the spatial resolution of models, the depth of investigation, and the ability to recover near-surface resistivity variations. We further identify systematic biases in some data sets, which we attribute to incomplete or inexact calibration or compensation procedures. C1 [Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schamper, Cyril] Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France. [Auken, Esben] Aarhus Univ, Dept Geosci, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Bedrosian, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pbedrosian@usgs.gov RI Auken, Esben/G-8036-2012 OI Auken, Esben/0000-0002-5397-4832 FU Danish Council for Strategic Research [11116763] FX This study would not have been possible without the support of the various airborne contractors. Fugro Airborne Surveys flew the STB at no cost to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The authors would like to specially thank Jared Abraham and Jim Cannia who have worked for many years to advance the use of AEM methods for hydrologic applications within the USGS. We thank Jonathan Rudd (formerly Aeroquest Ltd.), Greg Hodges (Fugro Airborne Surveys), Andrea Viezzoli (Aarhus Geophysics Aps), and Flemming Efferso (SkyTEM Surveys Aps) for discussion and feedback on modelling and inversion of the data. Bas Peters is thanked for early work on the modelling and inversion, which improved the understanding of the various systems. Ben Bloss is thanked for assembly and classification of the borehole data and preliminary modelling of the GTEM data. This manuscript was greatly improved thanks to reviews by Andy Kass, Michael Asten, and an anonymous reviewer. The HyGEM-project funded by the Danish Council for Strategic Research under Contract 11116763 has also supported this project. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0016-8025 EI 1365-2478 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 64 IS 1 BP 192 EP 215 DI 10.1111/1365-2478.12262 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DC7RI UT WOS:000369417500015 ER PT J AU Gelca, R Hayhoe, K Scott-Fleming, I Crow, C Dawson, D Patino, R AF Gelca, Rodica Hayhoe, Katharine Scott-Fleming, Ian Crow, Caleb Dawson, Dan Patino, Reynaldo TI Climate-water quality relationships in Texas reservoirs SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE water quality; climate variability; reservoirs; climate change; Texas ID PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM; UNITED-STATES; WEST TEXAS; PHYTOPLANKTON; RIVERS; PRECIPITATION; ASSOCIATIONS; DYNAMICS; STREAMS; TRENDS AB Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and concentrations of salts in surface water bodies can be affected by the natural environment and local human activities such as surface and ground water withdrawals, land use and energy extraction, and variability and long-term trends in atmospheric conditions including temperature and precipitation. Here, we quantify the relationship between 121 indicators of mean and extreme temperature and precipitation and 24 water quality parameters in 57 Texas reservoirs using observational data records covering the period 1960 to 2010. Over time scales ranging from 1week to 2years, we find that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, chloride, sulfate, and phosphorus all show consistent correlations with atmospheric predictors, including high and low temperature extremes, dry days, heavy precipitation events, and mean temperature and precipitation. Based on these relationships combined with regional climate projections, we expect climate change to increase water temperatures, decrease dissolved oxygen levels, decrease pH, increase specific conductance, and increase levels of sulfate and chloride in Texas reservoirs. Over decadal time scales, this may affect aquatic ecosystems in the reservoirs, including altering the risk of conditions conducive to algae occurrence, as well as affecting the quality of water available for human consumption and recreation. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gelca, Rodica; Hayhoe, Katharine; Scott-Fleming, Ian; Crow, Caleb] Texas Tech Univ, Climate Sci Ctr, 72 Holden Hall,Boston & Akron St, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Gelca, Rodica; Dawson, Dan] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, 1207 Gilbert Dr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine; Crow, Caleb] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Polit Sci, 113 Holden Hall,Boston & Akron St, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Agr Sci 218,15th & Boston, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Gelca, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, 1207 Gilbert Dr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM rodica.gelca@ttu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, the Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank Dr William H. Asquith for providing guidelines, insights, and valuable advice regarding data processing methods used in this study. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 12 EP 29 DI 10.1002/hyp.10545 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DC3ZZ UT WOS:000369160600002 ER PT J AU Challener, RC Robbins, LL McClintock, JB AF Challener, Roberta C. Robbins, Lisa L. McClintock, James B. TI Variability of the carbonate chemistry in a shallow, seagrass-dominated ecosystem: implications for ocean acidification experiments SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE benthic zone; climate change; echinoderms ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; FLORIDA BAY; CORAL-REEF; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS; SYSTEM PARAMETERS; SEAWATER; PH; CO2; HABITATS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Open ocean observations have shown that increasing levels of anthropogenically derived atmospheric CO2 are causing acidification of the world's oceans. Yet little is known about coastal acidification and studies are just beginning to characterise the carbonate chemistry of shallow, nearshore zones where many ecologically and economically important organisms occur. We characterised the carbonate chemistry of seawater within an area dominated by seagrass beds (Saint Joseph Bay, Florida) to determine the extent of variation in pH and pCO(2) over monthly and daily timescales. Distinct diel and seasonal fluctuations were observed at daily and monthly timescales respectively, indicating the influence of photosynthetic and respiratory processes on the local carbonate chemistry. Over the course of a year, the range in monthly values of pH (7.36-8.28), aragonite saturation state (0.65-5.63), and calculated pCO(2) (195-2537 mu atm) were significant. When sampled on a daily basis the range in pH (7.70-8.06), aragonite saturation state (1.86-3.85), and calculated pCO(2) (379-1019 mu atm) also exhibited significant range and indicated variation between timescales. The results of this study have significant implications for the design of ocean acidification experiments where nearshore species are utilised and indicate that coastal species are experiencing far greater fluctuations in carbonate chemistry than previously thought. C1 [Challener, Roberta C.] Bellarmine Univ, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40205 USA. [Robbins, Lisa L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [McClintock, James B.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Challener, RC (reprint author), Bellarmine Univ, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40205 USA. EM rchallener@bellarmine.edu FU NSF [ANT-1041022]; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This research was a part of R. C. Challener's dissertation at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Many thanks to John, Travis, and Forrest Thompson for their assistance in the field; to Andrew Dickson, Emily Bockman, and Michael O'Donnell for their helpful input on chemical analysis methods and equipment use. Laura Enzor and Kirk Sato designed the PVC modification to the sampling device. We are grateful to John Lisle for providing comments on earlier drafts. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. JBM acknowledges support provided by NSF grant ANT-1041022. L. L. Robbins acknowledges support provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2016 VL 67 IS 2 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1071/MF14219 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DC6AD UT WOS:000369301100001 ER PT J AU Barron, JM Twibell, RG Gannam, AL AF Barron, James M. Twibell, Ronald G. Gannam, Ann L. TI Evaluation of First Feeds for Larval Lost River Suckers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; ATLANTIC SALMON; FATTY-ACIDS; PROTEIN/ENERGY RATIOS; FORMULATED DIETS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; GROWTH; WILD AB The Lost River Sucker Deltistes luxatus is endemic to the Klamath Basin in southern Oregon and northern California. Population declines led to listing this species as endangered in 1988. Its native habitat has been greatly reduced and degraded putting their future in question. If this species is to be reared in captivity to prevent extinction, the development of culture methodologies is necessary. Successful initial feeding methods are one of the first areas of culture that need to be developed. Lost River Suckers begin feeding during the larval life stage. Larval fish often require live prey at the onset of feeding; however, it may be possible to start larvae on formulated microdiets. We investigated the use of live Artemia and two commercial microdiets (Hikari and Otohime brands) as first feeds over the course of a 41-d feeding trial. Starting on day 21 of the trial, feed sizes were increased, and the Artemia-fed fish were offered a commercial microdiet (Otohime) while being co-fed Artemia through day 26 of the trial (6 d cofeeding). After day 26 the Artemia-fed fish were only offered the microdiet. The response variables of total length, weight, survival, whole-body lipid content, and whole-body fatty acid profile were measured during and at termination of the trial. Fish grew significantly faster when started on Artemia and also displayed significantly higher survival compared with fish fed only commercial microdiets. Fish started on Artemia transitioned well to Otohime B1, and maintained 95.2% (SD, 2.2) survival over the 41-d feeding trial. The fatty acid profiles of the fish generally reflected the profiles of the diets they were fed. This study demonstrated that live Artemia followed by a transition to Otohime commercial feed is an effective feeding regimen for the duration of the larval phase of this species. C1 [Barron, James M.; Twibell, Ronald G.; Gannam, Ann L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Barron, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM james_barron@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office [FRES48010810840] FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Project FRES48010810840) through the Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office (Josh Rasmussen). We thank Scott Foott, Ron Stone, and the staff at the California-Nevada Fish Health Center for sharing their knowledge of Lost River Sucker rearing and providing the fish to complete this study. We thank Jeff Poole and John Holmes of the Abernathy Fish Technology Center for assisting in the husbandry of the fish. We also thank Kyle Hanson and Patty Crandell of the Abernathy Fish Technology Center, along with Josh Rasmussen of the Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office, for constructively reviewing the manuscript. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews of the manuscript. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 78 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1080/15222055.2015.1105890 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DC9BI UT WOS:000369514900012 ER PT J AU Singh, RK Senay, GB AF Singh, Ramesh K. Senay, Gabriel B. TI Comparison of Four Different Energy Balance Models for Estimating Evapotranspiration in the Midwestern United States SO WATER LA English DT Article DE comparison; evapotranspiration; METRIC; SEBAL; SEBS; SSEBop; Landsat; remote sensing ID ESTIMATING CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; WATER-BALANCE; HEAT FLUXES; REMOTE; MANAGEMENT; SCALE; SEBS; AGROECOSYSTEMS; EVAPORATION AB The development of different energy balance models has allowed users to choose a model based on its suitability in a region. We compared four commonly used models- Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration ( METRIC) model, Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land ( SEBAL) model, Surface Energy Balance System ( SEBS) model, and the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance ( SSEBop) model- using Landsat images to estimate evapotranspiration ( ET) in the Midwestern United States. Our models validation using three AmeriFlux cropland sites at Mead, Nebraska, showed that all four models captured the spatial and temporal variation of ET reasonably well with an R2 of more than 0.81. Both the METRIC and SSEBop models showed a low root mean square error (< 0.93 mm center dot day -1) and a high Nash- Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (> 0.80), whereas the SEBAL and SEBS models resulted in relatively higher bias for estimating daily ET. The empirical equation of daily average net radiation used in the SEBAL and SEBS models for upscaling instantaneous ET to daily ET resulted in underestimation of daily ET, particularly when the daily average net radiation was more than 100 W center dot m - 2. Estimated daily ET for both cropland and grassland had some degree of linearity with METRIC, SEBAL, and SEBS, but linearity was stronger for evaporative fraction. Thus, these ET models have strengths and limitations for applications in water resource management. C1 [Singh, Ramesh K.] ASRC Fed InuTeq, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.] Colorado State Univ, USGS EROS Ctr, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Singh, RK (reprint author), ASRC Fed InuTeq, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM rsingh@usgs.gov; senay@usgs.gov OI Singh, Ramesh/0000-0002-8164-3483 FU USGS of Department of Interior WaterSMART Program [G13PC00028]; Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWSNET); AmeriFlux FX This work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028 in support of the Department of Interior WaterSMART Program and the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWSNET). The authors thank the AmeriFlux Principal Investigators and their funding organizations for allowing use of their data in our research. We are also thankful to the three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 25 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 9 DI 10.3390/w8010009 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DC9AR UT WOS:000369513100001 ER PT J AU Neumann, RB Blazewicz, SJ Conaway, CH Turetsky, MR Waldrop, MP AF Neumann, Rebecca B. Blazewicz, Steven J. Conaway, Christopher H. Turetsky, Merritt R. Waldrop, Mark P. TI Modeling CH4 and CO2 cycling using porewater stable isotopes in a thermokarst bog in Interior Alaska: results from three conceptual reaction networks SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon fluxes; Homoacetogenesis; Methanogenesis; Methanotrophy; Microbial rates; Peat; Model; (CO2)-C-13; (CH4)-C-13; Carbon isotopes ID NORTH CENTRAL ALBERTA; NEW-HAMPSHIRE WETLAND; CAREX DOMINATED FEN; METHANE PRODUCTION; CARBON ISOTOPES; ORGANIC-MATTER; METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA; PEATLAND ECOSYSTEMS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; PERMAFROST AB Quantifying rates of microbial carbon transformation in peatlands is essential for gaining mechanistic understanding of the factors that influence methane emissions from these systems, and for predicting how emissions will respond to climate change and other disturbances. In this study, we used porewater stable isotopes collected from both the edge and center of a thermokarst bog in Interior Alaska to estimate in situ microbial reaction rates. We expected that near the edge of the thaw feature, actively thawing permafrost and greater abundance of sedges would increase carbon, oxygen and nutrient availability, enabling faster microbial rates relative to the center of the thaw feature. We developed three different conceptual reaction networks that explained the temporal change in porewater CO2, CH4, delta C-13-CO2 and delta C-13-CH4. All three reaction-network models included methane production, methane oxidation and CO2 production, and two of the models included homoacetogenesis-a reaction not previously included in isotope-based porewater models. All three models fit the data equally well, but rates resulting from the models differed. Most notably, inclusion of homoacetogenesis altered the modeled pathways of methane production when the reaction was directly coupled to methanogenesis, and it decreased gross methane production rates by up to a factor of five when it remained decoupled from methanogenesis. The ability of all three conceptual reaction networks to successfully match the measured data indicate that this technique for estimating in situ reaction rates requires other data and information from the site to confirm the considered set of microbial reactions. Despite these differences, all models indicated that, as expected, rates were greater at the edge than in the center of the thaw bog, that rates at the edge increased more during the growing season than did rates in the center, and that the ratio of acetoclastic to hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was greater at the edge than in the center. In both locations, modeled rates (excluding methane oxidation) increased with depth. A puzzling outcome from the effort was that none of the models could fit the porewater dataset without generating "fugitive" carbon (i.e., methane or acetate generated by the models but not detected at the field site), indicating that either our conceptualization of the reactions occurring at the site remains incomplete or our site measurements are missing important carbon transformations and/or carbon fluxes. This model-data discrepancy will motivate and inform future research efforts focused on improving our understanding of carbon cycling in permafrost wetlands. C1 [Neumann, Rebecca B.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blazewicz, Steven J.; Conaway, Christopher H.; Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Blazewicz, Steven J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Neumann, RB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rbneum@uw.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC-0010338]; U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA [NNX11AR16G]; USGS Climate Science Center; USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship program; Bonanza Creek LTER Program; NSF [DEB 1026415]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV112619320-16]; USGS Climate and Land RD Program FX We thank Julie Shoemaker for input and advice on the reaction network modeling; Burt Thomas for input and advice on the peeper method; Monica Haw, Torren Campbell and Sabrina Sevilgen for laboratory assistance; Lily Cohen and Sarah Wood for field assistance; Jack McFarland for sharing oxygen data; Eugenie Euskirchen, Jennifer Harden, and David McGuire for their participation in the APEX research program; and Jeff Chanton, Larry Miller and an anonymous reviewer for input that improved the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Award Number DE-SC-0010338; the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA grant NNX11AR16G; the USGS Climate Science Center and USGS Climate and Land R&D Program; and the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship program. Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) funding and considerable logistic support were provided by the Bonanza Creek LTER Program, which is jointly funded by NSF (DEB 1026415) and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW01-JV112619320-16). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data used in this publication are available on the Bonanza Creek LTER website (www.lter.uaf.edu/data.cfm). NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2016 VL 127 IS 1 BP 57 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s10533-015-0168-2 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DB7UT UT WOS:000368722700005 ER PT J AU Huang, QY Sauer, JR Swatantran, A Dubayah, R AF Huang, Qiongyu Sauer, John R. Swatantran, Anu Dubayah, Ralph TI A centroid model of species distribution with applications to the Carolina wren Thryothorus ludovicianus and house finch Haemorhous mexicanus in the United States SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION-CHANGE; OCCUPANCY MODELS; POLEWARD SHIFTS; RANGES; BIODIVERSITY; BOUNDARIES; ABUNDANCE AB Drastic shifts in species distributions are a cause of concern for ecologists. Such shifts pose great threat to biodiversity especially under unprecedented anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Many studies have documented recent shifts in species distributions. However, most of these studies are limited to regional scales, and do not consider the abundance structure within species ranges. Developing methods to detect systematic changes in species distributions over their full ranges is critical for understanding the impact of changing environments and for successful conservation planning. Here, we demonstrate a centroid model for range-wide analysis of distribution shifts using the North American Breeding Bird Survey. The centroid model is based on a hierarchical Bayesian framework which models population change within physiographic strata while accounting for several factors affecting species detectability. Yearly abundance-weighted range centroids are estimated. As case studies, we derive annual centroids for the Carolina wren and house finch in their ranges in the U.S. We further evaluate the first-difference correlation between species' centroid movement and changes in winter severity, total population abundance. We also examined associations of change in centroids from sub-ranges. Change in full-range centroid movements of Carolina wren significantly correlate with snow cover days (r = - 0.58). For both species, the full-range centroid shifts also have strong correlation with total abundance (r = 0.65, and 0.51 respectively). The movements of the full-range centroids of the two species are correlated strongly (up to r = 0.76) with that of the sub-ranges with more drastic population changes. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of centroids for analyzing distribution changes in a two-dimensional spatial context. Particularly it highlights applications that associate the centroid with factors such as environmental stressors, population characteristics, and progression of invasive species. Routine monitoring of changes in centroid will provide useful insights into long-term avian responses to environmental changes. C1 [Huang, Qiongyu; Swatantran, Anu; Dubayah, Ralph] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 Samuel J LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sauer, John R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Huang, QY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 Samuel J LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM qhuang@umd.edu RI Swatantran, Anu/B-8786-2016 NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 54 EP 66 DI 10.1111/ecog.01447 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB8UO UT WOS:000368792500007 ER PT J AU Dolan, BP Fisher, KM Colvin, ME Benda, SE Peterson, JT Kent, ML Schreck, CB AF Dolan, Brian P. Fisher, Kathleen M. Colvin, Michael E. Benda, Susan E. Peterson, James T. Kent, Michael L. Schreck, Carl B. TI Innate and adaptive immune responses in migrating spring-run adult chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Immune response; Parasite burden ID MICE PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PARVICAPSULA-MINIBICORNIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; FOOD RESTRICTION; IL-10 PRODUCTION; FRESH-WATER; IN-VITRO; INTERLEUKIN-10 AB Adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) migrate from salt water to freshwater streams to spawn. Immune responses in migrating adult salmon are thought to diminish in the run up to spawning, though the exact mechanisms for diminished immune responses remain unknown. Here we examine both adaptive and innate immune responses as well as pathogen burdens in migrating adult Chinook salmon in the Upper Willamette River basin. Messenger RNA transcripts encoding antibody heavy chain molecules slightly diminish as a function of time, but are still present even after fish have successfully spawned. In contrast, the innate anti-bacterial effector proteins present in fish plasma rapidly decrease as spawning approaches. Fish also were examined for the presence and severity of eight different pathogens in different organs. While pathogen burden tended to increase during the migration, no specific pathogen signature was associated with diminished immune responses. Transcript levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines 1L-10 and TGF beta were measured and did not change during the migration. These results suggest that loss of immune functions in adult migrating salmon are not due to pathogen infection or cytokine-mediated immune suppression, but is rather part of the life history of Chinook salmon likely induced by diminished energy reserves or hormonal changes which accompany spawning. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dolan, Brian P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Fisher, Kathleen M.; Colvin, Michael E.; Benda, Susan E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, James T.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dolan, BP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Brian.Dolan@oregonstate.edu OI Dolan, Brian/0000-0001-5985-1887 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Oregon State University; Wildlife Management Institute; US Army Corps of Engineers; [4438] FX The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Willamette Hatchery staff provided access to fish. We would like to thank Patty Zwollo (College of William and Mary) for assistance with the design of real time PCR experiments and critical reading of the manuscript. We acknowledge the efforts of C. Danley and J. Unrien to collect tissues and the efforts of R. Palmer, D. Glenn, and C. Taylor to process tissues for histological analysis. Funding for this study was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of animal use protocol ACUP #4438. The Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 48 BP 136 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.015 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DC1BY UT WOS:000368953000016 PM 26581919 ER PT J AU Fabisch, M Freyer, G Johnson, CA Buchel, G Akob, DM Neu, TR Kusel, K AF Fabisch, M. Freyer, G. Johnson, C. A. Buechel, G. Akob, D. M. Neu, T. R. Kuesel, K. TI Dominance of "Gallionella capsiferriformans' and heavy metal association with Gallionella-like stalks in metal-rich pH 6 mine water discharge SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; MICROAEROPHILIC FE(II)-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY; SP-NOV.; FERROUS IRON; GROUNDWATER SEEP; GEN. NOV.; SUBTERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AB Heavy metal-contaminated, pH 6 mine water discharge created new streams and iron-rich terraces at a creek bank in a former uranium-mining area near Ronneburg, Germany. The transition from microoxic groundwater with similar to 5mm Fe(II) to oxic surface water may provide a suitable habitat for microaerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB). In this study, we investigated the potential contribution of these FeOB to iron oxidation and metal retention in this high-metal environment. We (i) identified and quantified FeOB in water and sediment at the outflow, terraces, and creek, (ii) studied the composition of biogenic iron oxides (Gallionella-like twisted stalks) with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and (iii) examined the metal distribution in sediments. Using quantitative PCR, a very high abundance of FeOB was demonstrated at all sites over a 6-month study period. Gallionella spp. clearly dominated the communities, accounting for up to 88% of Bacteria, with a minor contribution of other FeOB such as Sideroxydans spp. and Ferrovum myxofaciens'. Classical 16S rRNA gene cloning showed that 96% of the Gallionella-related sequences had 97% identity to the putatively metal-tolerant Gallionella capsiferriformans ES-2', in addition to known stalk formers such as Gallionella ferruginea and Gallionellaceae strain R-1. Twisted stalks from glass slides incubated in water and sediment were composed of the Fe(III) oxyhydroxide ferrihydrite, as well as polysaccharides. SEM and scanning TEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that stalk material contained Cu and Sn, demonstrating the association of heavy metals with biogenic iron oxides and the potential for metal retention by these stalks. Sequential extraction of sediments suggested that Cu (52-61% of total sediment Cu) and other heavy metals were primarily bound to the iron oxide fractions. These results show the importance of G. capsiferriformans' and biogenic iron oxides in slightly acidic but highly metal-contaminated freshwater environments. C1 [Fabisch, M.; Freyer, G.; Johnson, C. A.; Akob, D. M.; Kuesel, K.] Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Jena, Germany. [Johnson, C. A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Buechel, G.] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, Jena, Germany. [Akob, D. M.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Neu, T. R.] UFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res Leipzig Halle, Dept River Ecol, Magdeburg, Germany. [Kuesel, K.] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. RP Kusel, K (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Jena, Germany.; Kusel, K (reprint author), German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. EM kirsten.kuesel@uni-jena.de OI Akob, Denise/0000-0003-1534-3025 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); National Science Foundation (NSF) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship program; Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) by the NSF; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX The authors thank the graduate research training group 'Alteration and element mobility at the microbe-mineral interface' (GRK 1257), which is part of the Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC) and funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), for financial support of M. Fabisch. C. Johnson was financially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship program and through the Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) by the NSF and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The authors would also like to thank Maren Sickinger and Jiro Mori for excellent technical assistance; Shipeng Lu, Juanjuan Wang, and Martina Herrmann for help with qPCR and discussions; and Michael F. Hochella, Jr. for electron microscopy advice and support. We thank Dirk Merten and Daniela Sporleder for sequential extraction and ICP measurements, and Katy Pfeiffer and Kai-Uwe Totsche for freeze drying of sediment samples, as well as Beate Michalzik and Susanne Richter for water DOC analyses. The Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Nanoscale Characterization and Fabrication Laboratory at Virginia Tech provided access to and assistance with SEM and TEM instrumentation. The authors hereby declare no potential sources of conflict of interest. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 123 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1472-4677 EI 1472-4669 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 14 IS 1 BP 68 EP 90 DI 10.1111/gbi.12162 PG 23 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DC2ZW UT WOS:000369089500004 PM 26407813 ER PT J AU Bruggeman, JE Swem, T Andersen, DE Kennedy, PL Nigro, D AF Bruggeman, Jason E. Swem, Ted Andersen, David E. Kennedy, Patricia L. Nigro, Debora TI Multi-season occupancy models identify biotic and abiotic factors influencing a recovering Arctic Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus tundrius population SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE Colville River Special Area; National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska; nest-site quality; occupancy dynamics; population recovery; site colonization probability; site local extinction probability ID CENTRAL WEST GREENLAND; HABITAT SELECTION; BREEDING SUCCESS; TERRITORY QUALITY; NESTING HABITAT; WEATHER; BIRDS; RAPTORS; REPRODUCTION; INFORMATION AB Critical information for evaluating the effectiveness of management strategies for species of concern include distinguishing seldom occupied (or low-quality) habitat from habitat that is frequently occupied and thus contributes substantially to population trends. Using multi-season models that account for imperfect detection and a long-term (1981-2002) dataset on migratory Arctic Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus tundrius nesting along the Colville River, Alaska, we quantified the effects of previous year's productivity (i.e. site quality), amount of prey habitat, topography, climate, competition and year on occupancy dynamics across two spatial scales (nest-sites, cliffs) during recovery of the population. Initial occupancy probability was positively correlated with area of surrounding prey habitat and height of nest-sites above the Colville River. Colonization probability was positively correlated with nest height and negatively correlated with date of snowmelt. Local extinction probability was negatively correlated with productivity, area of prey habitat and nest height. Colonization and local extinction probabilities were also positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with year. Our results suggest that nest-sites (or cliffs) along the Colville River do not need equal protection measures. Nest-sites and cliffs with historically higher productivity were occupied most frequently and had lower probability of local extinction. These sites were on cliffs high above the river drainage, surrounded by adequate prey habitat and with southerly aspects associated with early snowmelt and warmer microclimates in spring. Protecting these sites is likely to encourage continued occupancy by Arctic Peregrine Falcons along the Colville River and other similar areas. Our findings also illustrate the importance of evaluating fitness parameters along with climate and habitat features when analysing occupancy dynamics, particularly with a long-term dataset spanning a range of annual climate variation. C1 [Bruggeman, Jason E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Swem, Ted] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kennedy, Patricia L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Eastern Oregon Agr & Nat Resource Program, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Nigro, Debora] Bur Land Management, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Bruggeman, JE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM brug0006@umn.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Bureau of Land Management in Fairbanks, Alaska FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Bureau of Land Management in Fairbanks, Alaska. We are grateful to T. Cade and C. White for their tremendous contributions to the study and conservation of raptors in Alaska, including their seminal work on raptor ecology along the Colville River in the 1950s and 1960s. S. Ambrose led Peregrine-monitoring efforts in Alaska for many years and we appreciate his leadership and support. We thank C. Hamfler for providing GIS data and support, J. Brown, T. Katzner, Z. Wallace and one anonymous reviewer for review of the manuscript, and 32 colleagues who provided insight and helped collect the data used in this paper. B. Dittrick, P. Schempf and J. Silva led survey efforts in 1983, 1984 and 1986, respectively, and we thank them for use of their observations. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Federal Government, University of Minnesota or Oregon State University. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2016 VL 158 IS 1 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1111/ibi.12313 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB7WM UT WOS:000368727700006 ER PT J AU Miller, TA Brooks, RP Lanzone, MJ Brandes, D Cooper, J Tremblay, JA Wilhelm, J Duerr, A Katzner, TE AF Miller, Tricia A. Brooks, Robert P. Lanzone, Michael J. Brandes, David Cooper, Jeff Tremblay, Junior A. Wilhelm, Jay Duerr, Adam Katzner, Todd E. TI Limitations and mechanisms influencing the migratory performance of soaring birds SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE Golden Eagle; migration; migration phenology; migratory wandering; movement ecology; path sinuosity ID DIFFERENTIAL MIGRATION; MODEL SELECTION; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; AVIAN MIGRATION; HAWK MOUNTAIN; WIND; SPEED; PENNSYLVANIA; ORIENTATION; INFERENCE AB Migration is costly in terms of time, energy and safety. Optimal migration theory suggests that individual migratory birds will choose between these three costs depending on their motivation and available resources. To test hypotheses about use of migratory strategies by large soaring birds, we used GPS telemetry to track 18 adult, 13 sub-adult and 15 juvenile Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in eastern North America. Each age-class had potentially different motivations during migration. During spring, the migratory performance (defined here as the directness of migratory flight) of adults was higher than that of any other age-classes. Adults also departed earlier and spent less time migrating. Together, these patterns suggest that adults were primarily time-limited and the other two age-classes were energy-limited. However, adults that migrated the longest distances during spring also appeared to take advantage of energy-conservation strategies such as decreasing their compensation for wind drift. During autumn, birds of all age-classes were primarily energy-minimizers; they increased the length of stopovers, flew less direct routes and migrated at a slower pace than during spring. Nonetheless, birds that departed later in autumn flew more directly, indicating that time limitations may have affected their decision-making. During both seasons, juveniles had the lowest performance, sub-adults intermediate performance and adults the highest performance. Our results show age- and seasonal variation in time and energy-minimization strategies that are not necessarily exclusive of one another. Beyond time and energy, a complex suite of factors, including weather, experience and navigation ability, influences migratory performance and decision-making. C1 [Miller, Tricia A.] Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, Tricia A.; Duerr, Adam; Katzner, Todd E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Brooks, Robert P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Riparia, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lanzone, Michael J.] Cellular Tracking Technol, Somerset, PA 15501 USA. [Brandes, David] Lafayette Coll, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. [Cooper, Jeff] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Tremblay, Junior A.] Environm Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1J 0C3, Canada. [Wilhelm, Jay] W Virginia Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Miller, TA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tricia.miller@mail.wvu.edu FU VA Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grant from USFWS; PA SWG [T-12, T47-R-1]; US DoE [DE-EE0003538]; Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation; Penn State Earth and Environmental Institute Graduate Fellowship; Penn State Ecology Fellowship FX Funding for this work was received from the VA Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries through a Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grant from USFWS, PA SWG grants T-12 and T47-R-1, US DoE grant DE-EE0003538, Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation, Penn State Earth and Environmental Institute Graduate Fellowship, Penn State Ecology Fellowship, and the authors' organizations. Scientific article No. 3264 of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown. Use of Golden Eagles for this research was approved by the West Virginia University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol #11-0304 and the Animal Care Committee of the Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs (permits CPA-FAUNE 07-00-11; CPA-FAUNE 08-00-26; CPA-FAUNE-2009-06; CPA-FAUNE-2011-10; CPA-FAUNE-2012-11). Telemetry data were provided by J.A.T. and Charles Maisonnueve from Quebec Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs, and J.C., T.A.M and T.E.K. M.L. is an owner of Cellular Tracking Technologies that manufactures GPS-GSM transmitters used in this project. We thank the dozens of people who assisted us with field work and data collection. Insightful comments on the manuscript were provided by G. Young, M. Brittingham-Brant, M. Gannon and Keith Bildstein. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2016 VL 158 IS 1 BP 116 EP 134 DI 10.1111/ibi.12331 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB7WM UT WOS:000368727700011 ER PT J AU Lloyd, P Martin, TE AF Lloyd, Penn Martin, Thomas E. TI Fledgling survival increases with development time and adult survival across north and south temperate zones SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE adult survival; evolution; fledgling survival; life history ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; PARENTAL CARE; EMBRYONIC TEMPERATURE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; TROPICAL BIRDS; CLUTCH-SIZE; HABITAT-USE; MORTALITY; DISPERSAL AB Slow life histories are characterized by high adult survival and few offspring, which are thought to allow increased investment per offspring to increase juvenile survival. Consistent with this pattern, south temperate zone birds are commonly longer-lived and have fewer young than north temperate zone species. However, comparative analyses of juvenile survival, including during the first few weeks of the post-fledging period when most juvenile mortality occurs, are largely lacking. We combined our measurements of fledgling survival for eight passerines in South Africa with estimates from published studies of 57 north and south temperate zone songbird species to test three predictions: (1) fledgling survival increases with length of development time in the nest; (2) fledgling survival increases with adult survival and reduced brood size controlled for development time; and (3) south temperate zone species, with their higher adult survival and smaller brood sizes, exhibit higher fledgling survival than north temperate zone species controlled for development time. We found that fledgling survival was higher among south temperate zone species and generally increased with development time and adult survival within and between latitudinal regions. Clutch size did not explain additional variation, but was confounded with adult survival. Given the importance of age-specific mortality to life history evolution, understanding the causes of these geographical patterns of mortality is important. C1 [Lloyd, Penn] Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Lloyd, Penn] Biodivers Assessment & Management Pty Ltd, POB 1376, Cleveland, Qld 4163, Australia. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Lloyd, P (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.; Lloyd, P (reprint author), Biodivers Assessment & Management Pty Ltd, POB 1376, Cleveland, Qld 4163, Australia. EM penn@baamecology.com OI Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU National Science Foundation [INT-9906030, DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041]; National Research Foundation FX We thank the many field assistants and co-workers who helped locate and monitor nests and the survival of post-fledging young each year, particularly Sonya Auer, Justin Shew, Anna Chalfoun, David Nkosi, Andrew Taylor, Simon Davies, Riccardo Ton and Ron Bassar. We thank Gert Greef, Hilton Westman and ESKOM for permission to work at Koeberg Nature Reserve. Comments from Richard Major and two anonymous reviewers considerably improved the manuscript. This work was supported in part through National Science Foundation grants (INT-9906030, DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041 to T.E.M.) and National Research Foundation grants (to P.L.). Research and banding activities were licensed by the CapeNature and SAFRING, the South African bird-ringing scheme that issued the numbered metal rings, and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee, University of Cape Town and IACUC #059-10TMMCWRU at the University of Montana. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2016 VL 158 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1111/ibi.12325 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB7WM UT WOS:000368727700012 ER PT J AU Jakobsson, M Nilsson, J Anderson, L Backman, J Bjork, G Cronin, TM Kirchner, N Koshurnikov, A Mayer, L Noormets, R O'Regan, M Stranne, C Ananiev, R Macho, NB Cherniykh, D Coxall, H Eriksson, B Floden, T Gemery, L Gustafsson, O Jerram, K Johansson, C Khortov, A Mohammad, R Semiletov, I AF Jakobsson, Martin Nilsson, Johan Anderson, Leif Backman, Jan Bjork, Goran Cronin, Thomas M. Kirchner, Nina Koshurnikov, Andrey Mayer, Larry Noormets, Riko O'Regan, Matthew Stranne, Christian Ananiev, Roman Macho, Natalia Barrientos Cherniykh, Denis Coxall, Helen Eriksson, Bjorn Floden, Tom Gemery, Laura Gustafsson, Orjan Jerram, Kevin Johansson, Carina Khortov, Alexey Mohammad, Rezwan Semiletov, Igor TI Evidence for an ice shelf covering the central Arctic Ocean during the penultimate glaciation SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LOMONOSOV RIDGE SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; NORTHERN EURASIA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; YERMAK PLATEAU; SHEET; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; STRATIGRAPHY; OSTRACODE AB The hypothesis of a km-thick ice shelf covering the entire Arctic Ocean during peak glacial conditions was proposed nearly half a century ago. Floating ice shelves preserve few direct traces after their disappearance, making reconstructions difficult. Seafloor imprints of ice shelves should, however, exist where ice grounded along their flow paths. Here we present new evidence of ice-shelf groundings on bathymetric highs in the central Arctic Ocean, resurrecting the concept of an ice shelf extending over the entire central Arctic Ocean during at least one previous ice age. New and previously mapped glacial landforms together reveal flow of a spatially coherent, in some regions41-km thick, central Arctic Ocean ice shelf dated to marine isotope stage 6 (similar to 140 ka). Bathymetric highs were likely critical in the ice-shelf development by acting as pinning points where stabilizing ice rises formed, thereby providing sufficient back stress to allow ice shelf thickening. C1 [Jakobsson, Martin; Backman, Jan; O'Regan, Matthew; Stranne, Christian; Macho, Natalia Barrientos; Coxall, Helen; Eriksson, Bjorn; Floden, Tom; Johansson, Carina; Mohammad, Rezwan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jakobsson, Martin; Nilsson, Johan; Backman, Jan; O'Regan, Matthew; Stranne, Christian; Macho, Natalia Barrientos; Coxall, Helen; Eriksson, Bjorn; Gustafsson, Orjan; Johansson, Carina; Mohammad, Rezwan] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jakobsson, Martin; Noormets, Riko] UNIS Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway. [Nilsson, Johan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Anderson, Leif; Bjork, Goran] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Cronin, Thomas M.; Gemery, Laura] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kirchner, Nina] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Koshurnikov, Andrey; Ananiev, Roman; Cherniykh, Denis; Khortov, Alexey; Semiletov, Igor] Natl Res Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Koshurnikov, Andrey; Ananiev, Roman] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Geocryol, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Mayer, Larry; Stranne, Christian] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Cherniykh, Denis; Semiletov, Igor] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Oceanol Inst, 43 Baltiiskaya St, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. [Gustafsson, Orjan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Jakobsson, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.; Jakobsson, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.; Jakobsson, M (reprint author), UNIS Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway. EM martin.jakobsson@geo.su.se RI Jakobsson, Martin/F-6214-2010; Ananyev, Roman/D-5589-2013; stranne, christian/L-4382-2013 OI Jakobsson, Martin/0000-0002-9033-3559; Nilsson, Johan/0000-0002-9591-124X; stranne, christian/0000-0003-1004-5213 FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Polar Research Secretariat; Stockholm University; Swedish Research Council (VR); National Science Foundation; US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use RD Program; Government of the Russian Federation [2013-220-04157/no. 14, Z50.31.0012/03.19.2014]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [13-05-12028, 13-05-12041, 12-05-12029, 13-05-12015]; Russian Science Foundation [15-17-20032] FX The SWERUS-C3 expedition was financed by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat and Stockholm University. Research grants to individual scientist were provided by the Swedish Research Council (VR), National Science Foundation, US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use R&D Program, Government of the Russian Federation (grant no. 2013-220-04157/no. 14, Z50.31.0012/03.19.2014), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Nos. 13-05-12028, 13-05-12041, 12-05-12029 and 13-05-12015) and The Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 15-17-20032). The data reported in this paper are archived at the Bolin Centre Database: http://bolin.su.se/data/. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10365 DI 10.1038/ncomms10365 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC2BL UT WOS:000369022100002 PM 26778247 ER PT J AU Craddock, WH Houseknecht, DW AF Craddock, William H. Houseknecht, David W. TI Cretaceous-Cenozoic burial and exhumation history of the Chukchi shelf, offshore Arctic Alaska SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CHUKOTKA VOLCANIC BELT; FISSION-TRACK ANALYSIS; NORTH SLOPE; WRANGEL ISLAND; FORELAND BASIN; CANADA BASIN; EVOLUTION; APATITE; STRATIGRAPHY; THERMOCHRONOLOGY AB Apatite fission track (AFT) and vitrinite reflectance data from five exploration wells and three seafloor cores illuminate the thermal history of the underexplored United States Chukchi shelf. On the northeastern shelf, Triassic strata in the Chevron 1 Diamond well record apatite annealing followed by cooling, possibly during the Triassic to Middle Jurassic, which is a thermal history likely related to Canada Basin rifting. Jurassic strata exhumed in the hanging wall of the frontal Herald Arch thrust fault record a history of probable Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous structural burial in the Chukotka fold and thrust belt, followed by rapid exhumation to near-surface temperatures at 104 +/- 30 Ma. This history of contractional tectonism is in good agreement with inherited fission track ages in low thermal-maturity, Cretaceous-Cenozoic strata in the Chukchi foreland, providing complementary evidence for the timing of exhumation and suggesting a source-to-sink relationship. In the central Chukchi foreland, inverse modeling of reset AFT samples from the Shell 1 Klondike and Shell 1 Crackerjack wells reveals several tens of degrees of cooling from maximum paleo-temperatures, with maximum heating permissible at any time from about 100 to 50 Ma, and cooling persisting to as recent as 30 Ma. Similar histories are compatible with partially reset AFT samples from other Chukchi wells (Shell 1 Popcorn, Shell 1 Burger, and Chevron 1 Diamond) and are probable in light of regional geologic evidence. Given geologic context provided by regional seismic reflection data, we interpret these inverse models to reveal a Late Cretaceous episode of cyclical burial and erosion across the central Chukchi shelf, possibly partially overprinted by Cenozoic cooling related to decreasing surface temperatures. Regionally, we interpret this kinematic history to be reflective of moderate, transpressional deformation of the Chukchi shelf during the final phases of contractional tectonism in the Chukotkan orogen (lasting until similar to 70 Ma), followed by renewed subsidence of the Chukchi shelf in the latest Cretaceous and Cenozoic. This history maintained modest thermal maturities at the base of the Brookian sequence across the Chukchi shelf, because large sediment volumes bypassed to adjacent depocenters. Therefore, the Chukchi shelf appears to be an area with the potential for widespread preservation of petroleum systems in the oil window. C1 [Craddock, William H.; Houseknecht, David W.] US Geol Survey, MS 956,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Craddock, WH; Houseknecht, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wcraddock@usgs.gov; dhouse@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 EI 1558-9153 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 63 EP 100 DI 10.1306/09291515010 PG 38 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB5RE UT WOS:000368570500005 ER PT S AU Woodroffe, CD Rogers, K McKee, KL Lovelock, CE Mendelssohn, IA Saintilan, N AF Woodroffe, C. D. Rogers, K. McKee, K. L. Lovelock, C. E. Mendelssohn, I. A. Saintilan, N. BE Carlson, CA Giovannoni, SJ TI Mangrove Sedimentation and Response to Relative Sea-Level Rise SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 8 SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE mangrove ecosystems; sea-level rise; sediment accumulation; hydrodynamics; carbon sequestration ID MEKONG RIVER DELTA; SURFACE ELEVATION DYNAMICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHEAST AUSTRALIA; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SALTWATER INTRUSION; ESTUARINE WETLANDS; WAVE ATTENUATION; COASTAL WETLANDS AB Mangroves occur on upper intertidal shorelines in the tropics and subtropics. Complex hydrodynamic and salinity conditions, related primarily to elevation and hydroperiod, influence mangrove distributions; this review considers how these distributions change over time. Accumulation rates of allochthonous and autochthonous sediment, both inorganic and organic, vary between and within different settings. Abundant terrigenous sediment can form dynamic mudbanks, and tides redistribute sediment, contrasting with mangrove peat in sediment-starved carbonate settings. Sediments underlying mangroves sequester carbon but also contain paleoenvironmental records of adjustments to past sea-level changes. Radiometric dating indicates long-term sedimentation, whereas measurements made using surface elevation tables and marker horizons provide shorter perspectives, indicating shallow subsurface processes of root growth and substrate autocompaction. Many tropical deltas also experience deep subsidence, which augments relative sea-level rise. The persistence of mangroves implies an ability to cope with moderately high rates of relative sea-level rise. However, many human pressures threaten mangroves, resulting in a continuing decline in their extent throughout the tropics.* C1 [Woodroffe, C. D.; Rogers, K.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [McKee, K. L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Lovelock, C. E.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Lovelock, C. E.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Mendelssohn, I. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Saintilan, N.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Woodroffe, CD; Rogers, K (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.; McKee, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.; Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.; Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.; Mendelssohn, IA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.; Saintilan, N (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. EM colin@uow.edu.au; kerrylee@uow.edu.au; mckeek@usgs.gov; c.lovelock@uq.edu.au; imendel@lsu.edu; neil.saintilan@mq.edu.au RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; Woodroffe, Colin/K-5222-2015; McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014 OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; Woodroffe, Colin/0000-0003-4476-6158; McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X NR 141 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 30 U2 89 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1405 BN 978-0-8243-4508-2 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2016 VL 8 BP 243 EP 266 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034025 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BE1QC UT WOS:000368369200011 PM 26407146 ER PT J AU Peterson, SH McHuron, EA Kennedy, SN Ackerman, JT Rea, LD Castellini, JM O'Hara, TM Costa, DP AF Peterson, Sarah H. McHuron, Elizabeth A. Kennedy, Stephanie N. Ackerman, Joshua T. Rea, Lorrie D. Castellini, J. Margaret O'Hara, Todd M. Costa, Daniel P. TI Evaluating Hair as a Predictor of Blood Mercury: The Influence of Ontogenetic Phase and Life History in Pinnipeds SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; METHYL MERCURY; PHOCA-GROENLANDICA; SEABIRD FEATHERS; MARINE MAMMALS; HEAVY-METALS; HARBOR SEALS AB Mercury (Hg) biomonitoring of pinnipeds increasingly utilizes nonlethally collected tissues such as hair and blood. The relationship between total Hg concentrations ([THg]) in these tissues is not well understood for marine mammals, but it can be important for interpretation of tissue concentrations with respect to ecotoxicology and biomonitoring. We examined [THg] in blood and hair in multiple age classes of four pinniped species. For each species, we used paired blood and hair samples to quantify the ability of [THg] in hair to predict [THg] in blood at the time of sampling and examined the influence of varying ontogenetic phases and life history of the sampled animals. Overall, we found that the relationship between [THg] in hair and blood was affected by factors including age class, weaning status, growth, and the time difference between hair growth and sample collection. Hair [THg] was moderately to strongly predictive of current blood [THg] for adult female Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), and adult harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), whereas hair [THg] was poorly predictive or not predictive (different times of year) of blood [THg] for adult northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Within species, except for very young pups, hair [THg] was a weaker predictor of blood [THg] for prereproductive animals than for adults likely due to growth, variability in foraging behavior, and transitions between ontogenetic phases. Our results indicate that the relationship between hair [THg] and blood [THg] in pinnipeds is variable and that ontogenetic phase and life history should be considered when interpreting [THg] in these tissues. C1 [Peterson, Sarah H.; McHuron, Elizabeth A.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kennedy, Stephanie N.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Rea, Lorrie D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Water & Environm Res Ctr, POB 755910, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kennedy, Stephanie N.; Castellini, J. Margaret; O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Wildlife Toxicol Lab, Dept Vet Med, POB 757750, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Peterson, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM sarahpeterson23@gmail.com OI Peterson, Sarah/0000-0003-2773-3901 FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory (Alaska Fisheries Science Center/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); Friends of Long Marine Laboratory; Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; PADI Foundation; University of California Natural Reserve System Mildred Mathias Graduate Student Research Grant Program; Rebecca and Steve Sooy Graduate Fellowship in Marine Mammals; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation Northern California Chapter from the Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0134, N00014-10-1-0356]; U. S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; NOAA cooperative agreement funds; Alaska Department of Fish and Game [NA13NMF4720041] FX Animals were handled under National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) permit no. 14636 (northern elephant seals), NMFS permit no. 555-1870 and 373-1686 (harbor seals), United States Fish and Wildlife permit no. 81640-2009-041 and 81640-2011002 (harbor seals), National Park Service permit no. PORE-2011SCI-0003 (harbor seals), NMFS permit no. 17952, 14676, 16087, and 17115 (California sea lions), NMFS permit no. 358-1769, 358-1888, 14325, and 14325 (Steller sea lions), and approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols from the University of California, Santa Cruz, San Jose State University, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank the many volunteers, students, and technicians who made this work possible. We especially thank J. Harvey, P. Ponganis, M. Tift, K. Prager, J. Lloyd-Smith, L. Correa, A. Grimes, G. Johnson, J. Harley, A. Christ, P. Robinson, C. Goetsch, X. Rojas-Rocha, D. Crocker, P. Morris, the rangers at Ano Nuevo State Reserve, S. Melin, R. DeLong, and J. Harris, as well as the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (Alaska Fisheries Science Center/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) for support. Financial support was provided by funds to S. H. P. and E. A. M from the Friends of Long Marine Laboratory, the Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust, the PADI Foundation, the University of California Natural Reserve System Mildred Mathias Graduate Student Research Grant Program, the Rebecca and Steve Sooy Graduate Fellowship in Marine Mammals, the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation Northern California Chapter, Grant no. N00014-13-1-0134 and N00014-10-1-0356 to D. P. C. from the Office of Naval Research, the U. S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center to J. T. A, and by NOAA cooperative agreement funds to L. D. R., T. M. O., and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game through Grant no. NA13NMF4720041. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 28 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0174-3 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DB7UK UT WOS:000368721800004 PM 26149950 ER PT J AU McHuron, EA Peterson, SH Ackerman, JT Melin, SR Harris, JD Costa, DP AF McHuron, Elizabeth A. Peterson, Sarah H. Ackerman, Joshua T. Melin, Sharon R. Harris, Jeffrey D. Costa, Daniel P. TI Effects of Age, Colony, and Sex on Mercury Concentrations in California Sea Lions SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; NORTHERN FUR SEALS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PHOCA-VITULINA; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; BLOOD COMPARTMENTS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; DIETARY MERCURY; MARINE MAMMALS AB We measured total mercury (THg) concentrations in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and examined how concentrations varied with age class, colony, and sex. Because Hg exposure is primarily via diet, we used nitrogen (delta N-15) and carbon (delta C-13) stable isotopes to determine if intraspecific differences in THg concentrations could be explained by feeding ecology. Blood and hair were collected from 21 adult females and 57 juveniles from three colonies in central and southern California (San Nicolas, San Miguel, and Ano Nuevo Islands). Total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.31 mu g g(-1) wet weight (ww) in blood and 0.74 to 21.00 mu g g(-1) dry weight (dw) in hair. Adult females had greater mean THg concentrations than juveniles in blood (0.15 vs. 0.03 mu g(-1) ww) and hair (10.10 vs. 3.25 mu g(-1) dw). Age class differences in THg concentrations did not appear to be driven by trophic level or habitat type because there were no differences in delta N-15 or delta C-13 values between adults and juveniles. Total Hg concentrations in adult females were 54 % (blood) and 24 % (hair) greater in females from San Miguel than females from San Nicolas Island, which may have been because sea lions from the two islands foraged in different areas. For juveniles, we detected some differences in THg concentrations with colony and sex, although these were likely due to sampling effects and not ecological differences. Overall, THg concentrations in California sea lions were within the range documented for other marine mammals and were generally below toxicity benchmarks for fish-eating wildlife. C1 [McHuron, Elizabeth A.; Peterson, Sarah H.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Melin, Sharon R.; Harris, Jeffrey D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. RP McHuron, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM emchuron@ucsc.edu OI Peterson, Sarah/0000-0003-2773-3901 FU Office of Naval Research [ONR N00014-13-1-0134]; Friends of Long Marine Laboratory Student Research and Education Award; U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; [JIP22 07-23] FX All animals were sampled in conjunction with other studies under National Marine Fisheries Permit Nos. 14676, 16087, 17115, and 17952 and approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols from the University of California Los Angeles, University of California San Diego, and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. We thank the United States Navy (especially J. Ugoretz), the staff at Channel Islands National Park and Channel Islands Aviation for logistical support, rangers at Ano Nuevo State Reserve, and all of the volunteers who assisted in animal capture and sample collection. We especially thank P. Ponganis, M. Tift, K. Prager, and J. Lloyd-Smith. Funding support for E.A. McHuron was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR N00014-13-1-0134), the Joint Industry Programme (JIP22 07-23), and a Friends of Long Marine Laboratory Student Research and Education Award. Funding support for J.T. Ackerman was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0201-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DB7UK UT WOS:000368721800005 PM 26259982 ER PT J AU Shimeld, J Li, QM Chian, DP Lebedeva-Ivanova, N Jackson, R Mosher, D Hutchinson, D AF Shimeld, John Li, Qingmou Chian, Deping Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina Jackson, Ruth Mosher, David Hutchinson, Deborah TI Seismic velocities within the sedimentary succession of the Canada Basin and southern Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge, Arctic Ocean: evidence for accelerated porosity reduction ? SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Numerical approximations and analysis; Spatial analysis; Controlled source seismology; Acoustic properties; Sedimentary basin processes; Large igneous provinces; Crustal structure; Arctic region ID BEAUFORT-MACKENZIE BASIN; LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCE; NEWFOUNDLAND MARGIN; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; NORWEGIAN SHELF; DEPTH FUNCTIONS; AMERASIA BASIN; ROCK PHYSICS; TRAVEL-TIME; SEA MARGIN AB The Canada Basin and the southern Alpha-Mendeleev ridge complex underlie a significant proportion of the Arctic Ocean, but the geology of this undrilled and mostly ice-covered frontier is poorly known. New information is encoded in seismic wide-angle reflections and refractions recorded with expendable sonobuoys between 2007 and 2011. Velocity-depth samples within the sedimentary succession are extracted from published analyses for 142 of these records obtained at irregularly spaced stations across an area of 1.9E + 06 km(2). The samples are modelled at regional, subregional and station-specific scales using an exponential function of inverse velocity versus depth with regionally representative parameters determined through numerical regression. With this approach, smooth, non-oscillatory velocity-depth profiles can be generated for any desired location in the study area, even where the measurement density is low. Practical application is demonstrated with a map of sedimentary thickness, derived from seismic reflection horizons interpreted in the time domain and depth converted using the velocity-depth profiles for each seismic trace. A thickness of 12-13 km is present beneath both the upper Mackenzie fan and the middle slope off of Alaska, but the sedimentary prism thins more gradually outboard of the latter region. Mapping of the observed-to-predicted velocities reveals coherent geospatial trends associated with five subregions: the Mackenzie fan; the continental slopes beyond the Mackenzie fan; the abyssal plain; the southwestern Canada Basin; and, the Alpha-Mendeleev magnetic domain. Comparison of the subregional velocity-depth models with published borehole data, and interpretation of the station-specific best-fitting model parameters, suggests that sandstone is not a predominant lithology in any of the five subregions. However, the bulk sand-to-shale ratio likely increases towards the Mackenzie fan, and the model for this subregion compares favourably with borehole data for Miocene turbidites in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The station-specific results also indicate that Quaternary sediments coarsen towards the Beaufort-Mackenzie and Banks Island margins in a manner that is consistent with the variable history of Laurentide Ice Sheet advance documented for these margins. Lithological factors do not fully account for the elevated velocity-depth trends that are associated with the southwestern Canada Basin and the Alpha-Mendeleev magnetic domain. Accelerated porosity reduction due to elevated palaeo-heat flow is inferred for these regions, which may be related to the underlying crustal types or possibly volcanic intrusion of the sedimentary succession. Beyond exploring the variation of an important physical property in the Arctic Ocean basin, this study provides comparative reference for global studies of seismic velocity, burial history, sedimentary compaction, seismic inversion and overpressure prediction, particularly in mudrock-dominated successions. C1 [Shimeld, John; Li, Qingmou; Jackson, Ruth; Mosher, David] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Chian, Deping] Chian Consulting Inc, Dartmouth, NS B2V 1C5, Canada. [Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS 22, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hutchinson, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina] Univ Oslo, Ctr Earth Evolut & Dynam, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Shimeld, J (reprint author), Bedford Inst Oceanog, Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM John.Shimeld@nrcan.gc.ca NR 85 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 204 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv416 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB3QS UT WOS:000368427000001 ER PT J AU Shriver, WG O'Brien, KM Ducey, MJ Hodgman, TP AF Shriver, W. Gregory O'Brien, Kathleen M. Ducey, Mark J. Hodgman, Thomas P. TI Population abundance and trends of Saltmarsh (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Nelson's (A-nelsoni) Sparrows: influence of sea levels and precipitation SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus; Climate change; Monitoring; Nelson's Sparrow; Precipitation; Population trends; Saltmarsh Sparrow; Sea-level rise ID SHARP-TAILED SPARROWS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-ENGLAND; RISE; 21ST-CENTURY; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; CONCORDANCE; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS AB Evidence of biological responses to climate change continues to grow. Long-term monitoring programs are critical in documenting these changes as well as identifying the primary stressors that may influence a species' ability to adapt to changing climate. Eastern North American salt marshes support the greatest number of endemic salt marsh vertebrates globally, two of which are sympatric from southern Maine to northern Massachusetts, USA. Saltmarsh Sparrows (Ammodramus caudacutus), listed 'vulnerable' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), have a restricted global breeding range that occurs in salt marshes from Maine to Virginia, USA. Nelson's Sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni) breed in salt marshes from Massachusetts north to the Canadian Maritime Provinces and west to the prairie pothole regions of central Canada. These taxa hybridize in sympatry which may affect how these taxa respond to changing habitat quality and availability caused by climate change. We present the first estimates of the effects of sea level rise, breeding season precipitation, and salt marsh patch size on the abundance and population trends for three groups: (1) Saltmarsh Sparrows, (2) Nelson's Sparrows, and (3) all Sharp-tailed Sparrows [the combined population of both species including hybrids]. We used 14 years of population monitoring data (2000-2013) from nine saltmarshes within the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, Maine, USA. We detected a declining trend for Saltmarsh Sparrow (i.e., significant decline, but not significantly more than 5 % per year), stable trends for Nelson's Sparrows and for all Sharp-tailed Sparrows (i.e., no significant increase or decrease over the time period). Abundances for the three sparrow groups varied among years and marsh units. Drier years with relatively low mean sea levels had the greatest abundances. Breeding season precipitation negatively influenced population trends for Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrows and mean sea level had a negative effect on Saltmarsh Sparrow population trends. Our results indicate that Saltmarsh Sparrow, the species most specialized to salt marshes, has declined which may be indicative of broader, regional patterns. The negative relationships of mean sea level and precipitation with Saltmarsh Sparrow population trends suggest that the negative effects of increasing nest flooding may be having demographic-level effects on this local population. Analyses of other salt marsh bird long-term monitoring programs are warranted to determine if this pattern is consistent in other portions of the Saltmarsh Sparrow range. C1 [Shriver, W. Gregory] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [O'Brien, Kathleen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wells, ME 04090 USA. [Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hodgman, Thomas P.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. RP Shriver, WG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM gshriver@udel.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5, Division of Natural Resources, National Wildlife Refuge System FX We would like to thank Jan Taylor, Graham Taylor, and Ward Feurt for providing long-term financial, administrative, logistical, and continued support for salt marsh bird monitoring at Rachel Carson NWR. Without their continued support and initiation of the project, this monitoring program would not exist. We would like to thank Marcy Putney, Nancy Williams, James Panaccione, Carlos Guindon, Brian C. Harris, Angeline Chessey, and Chris Jacques, who worked long hours in the field to collect these data and are warmly acknowledged. Funding was provided by US Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5, Division of Natural Resources, National Wildlife Refuge System. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 157 IS 1 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s10336-015-1266-6 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB6FY UT WOS:000368610900019 ER PT J AU Chan, YC Brugge, M Tibbitts, TL Dekinga, A Porter, R Klaassen, RHG Piersma, T AF Chan, Ying-Chi Brugge, Maarten Tibbitts, T. Lee Dekinga, Anne Porter, Ron Klaassen, Raymond H. G. Piersma, Theunis TI Testing an attachment method for solar-powered tracking devices on a long-distance migrating shorebird SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calidris canutus; Harness design; Satellite transmitter; Tag retention; Telemetry ID KNOTS CALIDRIS-CANUTUS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; HABITAT USE; WADDEN SEA; BEHAVIOR; BIRDS; TRANSMITTERS; AUSTRALIA; STOPOVER; HARNESS AB Small solar-powered satellite transmitters and GPS data loggers enable continuous, multi-year, and global tracking of birds. What is lacking, however, are reliable methods to attach these tracking devices to small migratory birds so that (1) flight performance is not impacted and (2) tags are retained during periods of substantial mass change associated with long-distance migration. We developed a full-body harness to attach tags to Red Knots (Calidris canutus), a medium-sized shorebird (average mass 124 g) that undertakes long-distance migrations. First, we deployed dummy tags on captive birds and monitored them over a complete migratory fattening cycle (February-July 2013) during which time they gained and lost 31-110 g and underwent a pre-alternate moult of body feathers. Using each individual's previous year fattening and moult data in captivity as controls, we compared individual mass and moult differences between years between the tagged and reference groups, and concluded that the attachment did not impact mass and moult cycles. However, some birds shed feathers under the tags and under the polyester harness line commonly used in avian harnesses. Feather shedding was alleviated by switching to smoothed-bottom tags and monofilament harness lines. To field-trial this design, we deployed 5-g satellite transmitters on ten Red Knots released on 3 October 2013 in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Bird movements and tag performance appeared normal. However, nine tags stopped transmitting 11-170 days post-release which was earlier than expected. We attribute this to bird mortality rather than failure of the attachments or transmitters and suggest that the extra weight and drag caused by the tag and its feather-blocking shield increased the chance of depredation by the locally common Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus). Our results demonstrate that species- and place-specific contexts can strongly determine tagging success. While captive trials are an important first step in developing an attachment method, field trials are essential to fully assess attachment designs. C1 [Chan, Ying-Chi; Brugge, Maarten; Dekinga, Anne; Piersma, Theunis] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Tibbitts, T. Lee] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Porter, Ron] 800 Quinard Court, Ambler, PA 19002 USA. [Klaassen, Raymond H. G.; Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, Anim Ecol Grp, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. RP Chan, YC (reprint author), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. EM yingchi.chan@nioz.nl FU NWO-ALW TOP-grant ('Shorebirds in space') [854.11.004]; Waddenfonds ('Metawad') [WF-209925] FX Bernard Spaans, Piet van den Hout, the crew of RV Navicula and many others have helped catching Red Knots. Edwin Keijzer designed and 3D-printed the dummy tags. John Cluderay suggested that heat-shrink tubing could be wrapped around the 'breast knot'. The photo in Fig. 1b was by Jan van de Kam. We are grateful to Cathy Bykowsky and Paul Howey of Microwave Telemetry, Maryland, USA, for making their tags available in time for the field test. We thank Nanneke van der Wal and Chris Pool of the KNAW Animal Experiments Committee for their help. This study was supported by an NWO-ALW TOP-grant ('Shorebirds in space', 854.11.004, awarded to T.P.) with additional contributions from WWF-Netherlands, WWF-China and Waddenfonds ('Metawad', WF-209925, awarded to T.P.). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 157 IS 1 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s10336-015-1276-4 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB6FY UT WOS:000368610900028 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ Schulte, JM AF Schofield, Pamela J. Schulte, Jessica M. TI Small but tough: What can ecophysiology of croaking gourami Trichopsis vittata (Cuvier, 1831) tell us about invasiveness of non-native fishes in Florida? SO NEOBIOTA LA English DT Article ID CICHLASOMA-UROPHTHALMUS; HOPLOSTERNUM-LITTORALE; EVERGLADES WETLANDS; HYPOXIA TOLERANCE; NATIVE FISHES; SALINITY; PTERYGOPLICHTHYS; MOSQUITOFISH; INVASION; CICHLIDS AB Trichopsis vittata (Cuvier, 1831) is a small, freshwater gourami (Fam: Osphronemidae) native to southeast Asia. It was first detected in Florida in the 1970s and seems to have persisted for decades in a small area. In this study, we documented T. vittata's ecophysiological tolerances (salinity and low-temperature) and qualitatively compared them to published values for other sympatric non-native species that have successfully invaded much of the Florida peninsula. Trichopsis vittata survived acute salinity shifts to 16 psu and was able to survive up to 20 psu when salinity was raised more slowly (5 psu per week). In a cold-tolerance experiment, temperature was lowered from 24 degrees C at 1 degrees C hr(-1) until fish died. Mean temperature at death (i.e., lower lethal limit) was 7.2 degrees C. Trichopsis vittata seems as tolerant or more tolerant than many other sympatric non-native fishes for the variables we examined. However, T. vittata is the only species that has not dispersed since its introduction. Species other than T. vittata have broadly invaded ranges, many of which include the entire lower third of the Florida peninsula. It is possible that tolerance to environmental parameters serves as a filter for establishment, wherein candidate species must possess the ability to survive abiotic extremes as a first step. However, a species' ability to expand its geographic range may ultimately rely on a secondary set of criteria including biotic interactions and life-history variables. C1 [Schofield, Pamela J.; Schulte, Jessica M.] US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pschofield@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Programme; Southeast Ecological Science Center FX Support for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Programme and the Southeast Ecological Science Center. We thank D. Pecora, S. M. Gutierre and M. Brown for their assistance with various aspects of fish and data collection. A. Benson kindly created the maps. S. Ruessler and W. Hyde provided generous assistance with laboratory facilities. M. Hunter and W. Loftus provided comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Fish were collected under Special Use Permit B14-005 from ARM Loxahatchee Wildlife Refuge. All procedures were in compliance with Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee regulations (approved protocol USGS/SESC 2014-10). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1619-0033 EI 1314-2488 J9 NEOBIOTA JI NeoBiota PY 2016 VL 28 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.3897/neobiota.28.5259 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DB4SB UT WOS:000368502300003 ER PT J AU Saltmarsh, DM Bowser, ML Morton, JM Lang, S Shain, D Dial, R AF Saltmarsh, Deanna Marie Bowser, Matthew L. Morton, John M. Lang, Shirley Shain, Daniel Dial, Roman TI Distribution and abundance of exotic earthworms within a boreal forest system in southcentral Alaska SO NEOBIOTA LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; KENAI PENINSULA LOWLANDS; GREAT-LAKES REGION; INVASION; SOIL; LUMBRICIDAE; COLONIZATION; OLIGOCHAETA; PATTERNS; AMERICA AB Little is known about exotic earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in Alaska outside its southeastern panhandle. This study documents the distribution of exotic earthworms in the relatively undisturbed Kenai National Wildlife Refuge (KNWR), a large, primarily wilderness refuge in southcentral Alaska. We sampled 69 sites near boat launches, along road corridors, and in low human impact areas > 5 km from the road, finding three species of earthworms (Dendrobaena octaedra, Dendrodrilus rubidus, and Lumbricus terrestris). Most road sites (90%) and boat launches (80%) contained earthworms; half (50%) of low human impact sites contained earthworms. Distance to roads was the only significant factor in predicting earthworm occurrence; soil pH, soil moisture, leaf litter depth, and vegetation cover were not. The disparate distributions of these three species suggest that within the KNWR road construction and vehicle traffic played a role in dispersal of the widespread, abundant Dendrobaena octaedra and uncommon Dendrodrilus rubidus; bait abandonment appeared to be the primary method of introduction of Lumbricus terrestris. While the distribution of harmful anecic earthworms in KNWR is currently limited, the prohibition of Lumbricus spp. as bait within conservation units in Alaska may be warranted. C1 [Saltmarsh, Deanna Marie; Dial, Roman] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Bowser, Matthew L.; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Lang, Shirley; Shain, Daniel] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. RP Bowser, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. EM matt_bowser@fws.gov FU NASA Alaska Space Grant Program; Alaska Pacific University GIS and GPS Grant; USFWS-NWRS Invasive Species Program FX We thank Paige Richardson and Jennifer Gregory for their assistance with field and laboratory work, and housing and logistical support from the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Jason Geck for GIS assistance, and Carl Tobin for manuscript suggestions. Daniel Fern~ndez Marchan provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. This research was funded by the NASA Alaska Space Grant Program, the Alaska Pacific University GIS and GPS Grant, and a grant from the USFWS-NWRS Invasive Species Program. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 16 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1619-0033 EI 1314-2488 J9 NEOBIOTA JI NeoBiota PY 2016 VL 28 BP 67 EP 86 DI 10.3897/neobiota.28.5503 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DB4SB UT WOS:000368502300004 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Lewis, TE Palmer, CJ Amos, MM AF Stapanian, Martin A. Lewis, Timothy E. Palmer, Craig J. Amos, Molly M. TI Assessing accuracy and precision for field and laboratory data: a perspective in ecosystem restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE accuracy; ecosystem restoration; field calibration; precision; QA/QC ID MULTIVARIATE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA; LAKE-ERIE; 2 TESTS; SCALE; REPEATABILITY; ASSESSMENTS; DISTURBANCE; INTEGRITY; OUTLIERS; QUALITY AB Unlike most laboratory studies, rigorous quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures may be lacking in ecosystem restoration (ecorestoration) projects, despite legislative mandates in the United States. This is due, in part, to ecorestoration specialists making the false assumption that some types of data (e.g. discrete variables such as species identification and abundance classes) are not subject to evaluations of data quality. Moreover, emergent behavior manifested by complex, adapting, and nonlinear organizations responsible for monitoring the success of ecorestoration projects tend to unconsciously minimize disorder, QA/QC being an activity perceived as creating disorder. We discuss similarities and differences in assessing precision and accuracy for field and laboratory data. Although the concepts for assessing precision and accuracy of ecorestoration field data are conceptually the same as laboratory data, the manner in which these data quality attributes are assessed is different. From a sample analysis perspective, a field crew is comparable to a laboratory instrument that requires regular recalibration, with results obtained by experts at the same plot treated as laboratory calibration standards. Unlike laboratory standards and reference materials, the true value for many field variables is commonly unknown. In the laboratory, specific QA/QC samples assess error for each aspect of the measurement process, whereas field revisits assess precision and accuracy of the entire data collection process following initial calibration. Rigorous QA/QC data in an ecorestoration project are essential for evaluating the success of a project, and they provide the only objective legacy of the dataset for potential legal challenges and future uses. C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Lewis, Timothy E.] US Army Corps Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Palmer, Craig J.; Amos, Molly M.] CSC, 6361 Walker Lane, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-C-12-008] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for comments on the original submission. J. Aron, H. Clavien, A. Friona, L. Walker, and M. Loomis reviewed previous drafts. L. Blume provided valuable suggestions, comments, and encouragement. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This article is Contribution Number 1970 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Some of the information in this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under contract number EP-C-12-008 to CSC. Although some of the research described in this article has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency review. Any opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not, necessarily, reflect the official positions and policies of the U.S. EPA. Any mention of products or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the U.S. EPA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 24 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1111/rec.12284 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB6QB UT WOS:000368638700004 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Rohweder, JJ Yin, Y Hoy, E AF De Jager, Nathan R. Rohweder, Jason J. Yin, Yao Hoy, Erin TI The Upper Mississippi River floodscape: spatial patterns of flood inundation and associated plant community distributions SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bottomland hardwood forest; Climate change; Disturbance; Diversity; Floodscape; Restoration; Wetland ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; FOREST; RESTORATION; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; HERBIVORY; DURATION; INVASION; STREAM; DAMS AB Questions: How is the distribution of different plant communities associated with patterns of flood inundation across a large floodplain landscape? Location: Thirty-eight thousand nine hundred and seventy hectare of floodplain, spanning 320 km of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Methods: High-resolution elevation data (Lidar) and 30 yr of daily river stage data were integrated to produce a 'floodscape' map of growing season flood inundation duration. The distributions of 16 different remotely sensed plant communities were quantified along the gradient of flood duration. Results: Models fitted to the cumulative frequency of occurrence of different vegetation types as a function of flood duration showed that most types exist along a continuum of flood-related occurrence. The diversity of community types was greatest at high elevations (0-10 d of flooding), where both upland and lowland community types were found, as well as at very low elevations (70-180 d of flooding), where a variety of lowland herbaceous communities were found. Intermediate elevations (20-60 d of flooding) tended to be dominated by floodplain forest and had the lowest diversity of community types. Conclusions: Although variation in flood inundation is often considered to be the main driver of spatial patterns in floodplain plant communities, few studies have quantified flood-vegetation relationships at broad scales. Our results can be used to identify targets for restoration of historical hydrological regimes or better anticipate hydro-ecological effects of climate change at broad scales. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.; Rohweder, Jason J.; Yin, Yao; Hoy, Erin] USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54630 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54630 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov; jrohweder@usgs.gov; yyin@usgs.gov; ehoy@usgs.gov OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU US Army Corps of Engineer's Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program FX Helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript were provided by two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this research was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineer's Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program. Brian Lubinski (USFWS) and Larry Robinson (USGS) conducted the flights to acquire the digital imagery used in vegetation mapping. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1402-2001 EI 1654-109X J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 19 IS 1 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1111/avsc.12189 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DA8RU UT WOS:000368074600017 ER PT J AU Henneberry, Y Kraus, TEC Krabbenhoft, DP Horwath, WR AF Henneberry, Yumiko Kraus, Tamara E. C. Krabbenhoft, David P. Horwath, William R. TI Investigating the Temporal Effects of Metal-Based Coagulants to Remove Mercury from Solution in the Presence of Dissolved Organic Matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coagulation; Methylmercury; Ferric sulfate; Dissolved organic matter; Flocculation ID ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; WATER-TREATMENT; NATURAL-WATERS; ADSORPTION; METHYLMERCURY; COMPLEXATION; CARBON; IRON; CONSTANTS AB The presence of mercury (Hg), particularly methylmercury (MeHg), is a concern for both human and ecological health as MeHg is a neurotoxin and can bioaccumulate to lethal levels in upper trophic level organisms. Recent research has demonstrated that coagulation with metal-based salts can effectively remove both inorganic mercury (IHg) and MeHg from solution through association with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and subsequent flocculation and precipitation. In this study, we sought to further examine interactions between Hg and DOM and the resulting organo-metallic precipitate (floc) to assess if (1) newly added IHg could be removed to the same extent as ambient IHg or whether the association between IHg and DOM requires time, and (2) once formed, if the floc has the capacity to remove additional Hg from solution. Agricultural drainage water samples containing ambient concentrations of both DOM and IHg were spiked with a traceable amount of isotopically enriched IHg and dosed with ferric sulfate after 0, 1, 5, and 30 days. Both ambient and newly added IHg were removed within hours, with 69-79 % removed. To a separate sample set, isotopically enriched IHg was added to solution after floc had formed. Under those conditions, 81-95 % of newly added Hg was removed even at Hg concentrations 1000-fold higher than ambient levels. Results of this study indicate coagulation with ferric sulfate effectively removes both ambient and newly added IHg entering a system and suggests rapid association between IHg and DOM. This work also provides new information regarding the ability of floc to remove additional Hg from solution even after it has formed. C1 [Henneberry, Yumiko; Horwath, William R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kraus, Tamara E. C.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Mercury Res Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Henneberry, Y (reprint author), Delta Stewardship Council, Sci Program, 980 9th St,Suite 1500, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM yumberry@ucdavis.edu; tkraus@usgs.gov; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov; wrhorwath@ucdavis.edu OI Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU California Department of Water 475 Resource [v4600003886] FX This work was funded by the California Department of Water 475 Resource (Agreement #v4600003886). We would like to thank John DeWild and Tad Doane for their assistance with laboratory analyses and support. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 1 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0601-2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA6MC UT WOS:000367917900016 PM 26330169 ER PT J AU Wang, N Dorman, RA Ingersoll, CG Hardesty, DK Brumbaugh, WG Hammer, EJ Bauer, CR Mount, DR AF Wang, Ning Dorman, Rebecca A. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Hardesty, Doug K. Brumbaugh, William G. Hammer, Edward J. Bauer, Candice R. Mount, David R. TI ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OF SODIUM SULFATE TO FOUR FRESHWATER ORGANISMS IN WATER-ONLY EXPOSURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Species sensitivity; Acute-to-chronic ratio; Water composition; Major ion toxicity; Environmental guidance values ID CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; HYALELLA-AZTECA; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; CHLORIDE; HARDNESS; AMMONIA AB The acute and chronic toxicity of sulfate (tested as sodium sulfate) was determined in diluted well water (hardness of 100 mg/L and pH 8.2) with a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia; 2-d and 7-d exposures), a midge (Chironomus dilutus; 4-d and 41-d exposures), a unionid mussel (pink mucket, Lampsilis abrupta; 4-d and 28-d exposures), and a fish (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas; 4-d and 34-d exposures). Among the 4 species, the cladoceran and mussel were acutely more sensitive to sulfate than the midge and fathead minnow, whereas the fathead minnow was chronically more sensitive than the other 3 species. Acute-to-chronic ratios ranged from 2.34 to 5.68 for the 3 invertebrates but were as high as 12.69 for the fish. The fathead minnow was highly sensitive to sulfate during the transitional period from embryo development to hatching in the diluted well water, and thus, additional short-term (7- to 14-d) sulfate toxicity tests were conducted starting with embryonic fathead minnow in test waters with different ionic compositions at a water hardness of 100 mg/L. Increasing chloride in test water from 10 mg Cl/L to 25 mg Cl/L did not influence sulfate toxicity to the fish, whereas increasing potassium in test water from 1mg K/L to 3mg K/L substantially reduced the toxicity of sulfate. The results indicate that both acute and chronic sulfate toxicity data, and the influence of potassium on sulfate toxicity to fish embryos, need to be considered when environmental guidance values for sulfate are developed or refined. Published 2015 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States. C1 [Wang, Ning; Dorman, Rebecca A.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Hardesty, Doug K.; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Hammer, Edward J.; Bauer, Candice R.] US EPA, Water Qual Branch, Chicago, IL USA. [Mount, David R.] US EPA, Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank the staff in the Toxicology Branch and Environmental Chemistry Branch of the US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, for technical assistance. Funding for the present study was provided in part by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1002/etc.3148 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DA9KI UT WOS:000368127200015 PM 26139383 ER PT J AU Adams, KJ Drenner, RW Chumchal, MM Donato, DI AF Adams, Kimberly J. Drenner, Ray W. Chumchal, Matthew M. Donato, David I. TI DISPARITY BETWEEN STATE FISH CONSUMPTION ADVISORY SYSTEMS FOR METHYLMERCURY AND US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RECOMMENDATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SOUTH CENTRAL UNITED STATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fish consumption advisory; Methylmercury; South central United States; Largemouth bass ID FRESH-WATER FISH; MERCURY CONTAMINATION; DEPOSITION; EXPOSURE; TISSUE; TEXAS; LAKE AB Fish consumption advisories are used to inform citizens in the United States about noncommercial game fish with hazardous levels of methylmercury (MeHg). The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) suggests issuing a fish consumption advisory when concentrations of MeHg in fish exceed a human health screening value of 300 ng/g. However, states have authority to develop their own systems for issuing fish consumption advisories for MeHg. Five states in the south central United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas) issue advisories for the general human population when concentrations of MeHg exceed 700 ng/g to 1000 ng/g. The objective of the present study was to estimate the increase in fish consumption advisories that would occur if these states followed USEPA recommendations. The authors used the National Descriptive Model of Mercury in Fish to estimate the mercury concentrations in 5 size categories of largemouth bass-equivalent fish at 766 lentic and lotic sites within the 5 states. The authors found that states in this region have not issued site-specific fish consumption advisories for most of the water bodies that would have such advisories if USEPA recommendations were followed. One outcome of the present study may be to stimulate discussion between scientists and policy makers at the federal and state levels about appropriate screening values to protect the public from the health hazards of consuming MeHg-contaminated game fish. (C) 2015 SETAC C1 [Adams, Kimberly J.; Drenner, Ray W.; Chumchal, Matthew M.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Donato, David I.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Drenner, RW (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. EM r.drenner@tcu.edu OI Chumchal, Matthew/0000-0001-7160-3157; Donato, David/0000-0002-5412-0249 FU Texas Christian University Research and Creative Activities Fund; Texas Christian University Biology Department Adkin's Fund; NextEra Energy Resources FX We thank T. Morgan for assistance. This research was supported by the Texas Christian University Research and Creative Activities Fund, the Texas Christian University Biology Department Adkin's Fund, and NextEra Energy Resources. M. Risch and S. Cooper provided helpful reviews of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1002/etc.3185 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DA9KI UT WOS:000368127200030 PM 26605989 ER PT J AU Haig, SM Miller, MP Bellinger, R Draheim, HM Mercer, DM Mullins, TD AF Haig, Susan M. Miller, Mark. P. Bellinger, Renee Draheim, Hope M. Mercer, Dacey M. Mullins, Thomas D. TI The conservation genetics juggling act: integrating genetics and ecology, science and policy SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE annual cycle; conservation genetics; cross-seasonal interactions; effective population size; endangered species; inbreeding; migratory connectivity; pedigree analyses ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; PLOVER CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCE; PIPING PLOVERS; UNITED-STATES; SPOTTED OWLS; ANNUAL-CYCLE; POPULATION BOTTLENECK AB The field of conservation genetics, when properly implemented, is a constant juggling act integrating molecular genetics, ecology, and demography with applied aspects concerning managing declining species or implementing conservation laws and policies. This young field has grown substantially since the 1980s following the development of polymerase chain reaction and now into the genomics era. Our laboratory has 'grown up' with the field, having worked on these issues for over three decades. Our multidisciplinary approach entails understanding the behavior and ecology of species as well as the underlying processes that contribute to genetic viability. Taking this holistic approach provides a comprehensive understanding of factors that influence species persistence and evolutionary potential while considering annual challenges that occur throughout their life cycle. As a federal laboratory, we are often addressing the needs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in their efforts to list, de-list, or recover species. Nevertheless, there remains an overall communication gap between research geneticists and biologists who are charged with implementing their results. Therefore, we outline the need for a National Center for Small Population Biology to ameliorate this problem and provide organizations charged with making status decisions firmer ground from which to make their critical decisions. C1 [Haig, Susan M.; Miller, Mark. P.; Mullins, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bellinger, Renee] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol Trop Conservat Biol & Environm Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Draheim, Hope M.] Eagle Fish Genet Lab, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Eagle, ID USA. [Mercer, Dacey M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX We are grateful to Louis Bernatchez and Maren Wellenreuther for inviting us to participate in this special issue on women's contribution to basic and applied evolutionary biology. Further, Susan Haig thanks Lewis Oring, Jonathan Ballou, Scott Derrickson, Fred Allendorf, Peter Marra, and her students and postdocs for a lifetime of discussion about ideas related to full life cycle biology, migratory connectivity, and small population conservation genetics. We are most grateful to Eric Forsman for the opportunity to study Spotted Owls Jeff Walters for the opportunity to study Red-cockaded Woodpeckers, Tom Mullins for his 20+ years of service as manager of the Conservation Genetics Laboratory and Mark Miller for his many years as our bioinformaticist. We appreciate the work our laboratory technicians Renee Bellinger, Hope Draheim, and Dacey Mercer have contributed to many projects. We congratulate Dr. Renee Bellinger and Dr. Hope Draheim on the recent completion of their Ph.D. degrees and wish them the best in their new lives. We thank Eliza Shaughnessy Jandrasi and Kelly Huber for assistance in preparing this manuscript; and Sara Oyler-McCance, Carrie Phillips, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments. We are grateful to Sheila Whitmore for use of her Spotted Owl photo. Finally, we thank the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center for support of many of the projects described. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 123 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 16 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 SI SI BP 181 EP 195 DI 10.1111/eva.12337 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA DB1EJ UT WOS:000368250500012 PM 27087847 ER PT J AU Kanno, Y Pregler, KC Hitt, NP Letcher, BH Hocking, DJ Wofford, JEB AF Kanno, Yoichiro Pregler, Kasey C. Hitt, Nathaniel P. Letcher, Benjamin H. Hocking, Daniel J. Wofford, John E. B. TI Seasonal temperature and precipitation regulate brook trout young-of-the-year abundance and population dynamics SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical models; climate change; population dynamics; recruitment; salmonids ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; RESIDENT BROWN TROUT; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RECRUITMENT VARIABILITY; STREAM NETWORK; NATIVE RANGE; VITAL-RATES; FISH; GROWTH AB 1. Abundance of the young-of-the-year (YOY) fish can vary greatly among years and it may be driven by several key biological processes (i.e. adult spawning, egg survival and fry survival) that span several months. However, the relative influence of seasonal weather patterns on YOY abundance is poorly understood. 2. We assessed the importance of seasonal air temperature (a surrogate for stream temperature) and precipitation (a surrogate for stream flow) on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) YOY summer abundance using a 29-year data set from 115 sites in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, U.S.A. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model that allowed the effect of seasonal weather covariates to vary among sites and accounted for imperfect detection of individuals. 3. Summer YOY abundance was affected by preceding seasonal air temperature and precipitation, and these regional-scale drivers led to spatial synchrony in YOY abundance dynamics across the 170-km-long study area. Mean winter precipitation had the greatest effect on YOY abundance and the relationship was negative. Mean autumn precipitation, and winter and spring temperature had significantly positive effects on YOY abundance, and mean autumn temperature had a significant negative effect. In addition, the effect of summer precipitation differed along a latitudinal gradient, with YOY abundance at more northern sites being more responsive to inter-annual variation in summer precipitation. 4. Strong YOY years resulted in high abundance of adults (>age 1 + fish) in the subsequent year at more than half of sites. However, higher adult abundance did not result in higher YOY abundance in the subsequent year at any of the study sites (i.e. no positive stock-recruitment relationship). 5. Our results indicate that YOY abundance is a key driver of brook trout population dynamics that is mediated by seasonal weather patterns. A reliable assessment of climate change impacts on brook trout needs to account for how alternations in seasonal weather patterns impact YOY abundance and how such relationships may differ across the range of brook trout distribution. C1 [Kanno, Yoichiro; Pregler, Kasey C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hitt, Nathaniel P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Hocking, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Branch, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Wofford, John E. B.] Shenandoah Natl Pk, Luray, VA USA. RP Kanno, Y (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ykanno@clemson.edu OI Hocking, Daniel/0000-0003-1889-9184 NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 88 EP 99 DI 10.1111/fwb.12682 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA8DG UT WOS:000368034300008 ER PT J AU Butterfield, BJ Bradford, JB Armas, C Prieto, I Pugnaire, FI AF Butterfield, Bradley J. Bradford, John B. Armas, Cristina Prieto, Ivan Pugnaire, Francisco I. TI Does the stress-gradient hypothesis hold water? Disentangling spatial and temporal variation in plant effects on soil moisture in dryland systems SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid; competition; drought; evapotranspiration; facilitation; hydraulic lift; precipitation pulse; shade ID ARIDITY GRADIENT; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; ABIOTIC STRESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FACILITATION; COMPETITION AB 1. The nature of the relationship between water limitation and facilitation has been one of the most contentious debates surrounding the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH), which states that plant-plant interactions shift from competition to facilitation with increasing environmental stress. 2. We take a closer look at the potential role of soil moisture in mediating plant-plant interaction outcomes by assessing effects of climate and soil texture on plant modulation of soil moisture. 3. Using an empirically-parameterized soil moisture model, we simulated soil moisture dynamics beneath shrubs and in un-vegetated coarse and fine soils for 1000 sites in the Western United States with < 700 mm mean annual precipitation. This threshold reflects the transition from dryland (< 600 mm precipitation) to mesic ecosystems. 4. Positive effects of shrubs on shallow soil moisture (i.e. the difference between shrub and interspace soil moisture) decreased along the aridity gradient when long-term average conditions were considered, contrary to expectations based on the SGH. Negative effects of shrubs on deeper soil moisture also increased with aridity. 5. However, when extreme years were considered, positive effects of shrub on soil moisture were greatest at intermediate points along the spatial aridity gradient, consistent with a humpbacked model of plant-plant interactions. 6. When viewed through time within a site, shrub effects on shallow soil moisture were positively related to precipitation, with more complex relationships exhibited in deeper soils 7. Taken together, the results of this simulation study suggest that plant effects on soil moisture are predictable based on relatively general relationships between precipitation inputs and differential evaporation and transpiration rates between plant and interspace microsites that are largely driven by temperature. In particular, this study highlights the importance of differentiating between temporal and spatial variation in weather and climate, respectively, in determining plant effects on available soil moisture. Rather than focusing on the somewhat coarse-scale predictions of the SGH, it may be more beneficial to explicitly incorporate plant effects on soil moisture into predictive models of plant-plant interaction outcomes in drylands. C1 [Butterfield, Bradley J.; Bradford, John B.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Butterfield, Bradley J.; Bradford, John B.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Armas, Cristina; Pugnaire, Francisco I.] CSIC, Estn Expt Zonas Aridas, Almeria, Spain. [Prieto, Ivan] Ctr Edafol & Biol Segura CEBAS CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain. RP Butterfield, BJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Bradley.Butterfield@nau.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Pugnaire, Francisco/A-7150-2008; Armas, Cristina/A-1128-2012; Prieto, Ivan/S-7822-2016 OI Pugnaire, Francisco/0000-0002-1227-6827; Armas, Cristina/0000-0003-0356-8075; Prieto, Ivan/0000-0001-5549-1132 FU Ramon y Cajal contract from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [RYC-2012-12277]; 'Juan de la Cierva' research contract [FPDI-2013-16221]; MICINN [CGL2014-59010-R]; USGS Ecosystems Mission area FX C.A. was supported by a Ramon y Cajal contract from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (RYC-2012-12277). IP was supported by a 'Juan de la Cierva' research contract (FPDI-2013-16221). F.I.P. was supported by MICINN (grant CGL2014-59010-R). JBB was supported by the USGS Ecosystems Mission area. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12592 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA5PV UT WOS:000367855900002 ER PT J AU Osland, MJ Enwright, NM Day, RH Gabler, CA Stagg, CL Grace, JB AF Osland, Michael J. Enwright, Nicholas M. Day, Richard H. Gabler, Christopher A. Stagg, Camille L. Grace, James B. TI Beyond just sea-level rise: considering macroclimatic drivers within coastal wetland vulnerability assessments to climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate gradient; coastal wetlands; ecological threshold; ecological transition; foundation species; mangrove; salt flat; salt marsh; vulnerability assessment ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES; MANGROVE FORESTS; SALT-MARSH; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; GLOBAL DESERTIFICATION; RANGE EXPANSION; GRASSLANDS; IMPACTS; ENCROACHMENT AB Due to their position at the land-sea interface, coastal wetlands are vulnerable to many aspects of climate change. However, climate change vulnerability assessments for coastal wetlands generally focus solely on sea-level rise without considering the effects of other facets of climate change. Across the globe and in all ecosystems, macroclimatic drivers (e.g., temperature and rainfall regimes) greatly influence ecosystem structure and function. Macroclimatic drivers have been the focus of climate change-related threat evaluations for terrestrial ecosystems, but largely ignored for coastal wetlands. In some coastal wetlands, changing macroclimatic conditions are expected to result in foundation plant species replacement, which would affect the supply of certain ecosystem goods and services and could affect ecosystem resilience. As examples, we highlight several ecological transition zones where small changes in macroclimatic conditions would result in comparatively large changes in coastal wetland ecosystem structure and function. Our intent in this communication is not to minimize the importance of sea-level rise. Rather, our overarching aim is to illustrate the need to also consider macroclimatic drivers within vulnerability assessments for coastal wetlands. C1 [Osland, Michael J.; Enwright, Nicholas M.; Day, Richard H.; Stagg, Camille L.; Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Gabler, Christopher A.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Osland, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM mosland@usgs.gov OI Enwright, Nicholas/0000-0002-7887-3261; Osland, Michael/0000-0001-9902-8692 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, U.S. Geological Survey's Climate & Land Use Change RD Program; Department of Interior South Central Climate Science Center; Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center; Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We thank Chris Swarzenski, the associate editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments on a previous version of this manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, U.S. Geological Survey's Climate & Land Use Change R&D Program, the Department of Interior South Central Climate Science Center, the Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center, and the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes. NR 87 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 25 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1111/gcb.13084 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA7KL UT WOS:000367982900001 PM 26342186 ER PT J AU Wu, MZ Post, VEA Salmon, SU Morway, ED Prommer, H AF Wu, Ming Zhi Post, Vincent E. A. Salmon, S. Ursula Morway, Eric D. Prommer, Henning TI PHT3D-UZF: A Reactive Transport Model for Variably-Saturated Porous Media SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; CAPILLARY-FRINGE; PYRITE OXIDATION; FLOW CONDITIONS; GAS-TRANSPORT; WASTE-WATER; MODFLOW-UZF; VADOSE ZONE AB A modified version of the MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based reactive transport model PHT3D was developed to extend current reactive transport capabilities to the variably-saturated component of the subsurface system and incorporate diffusive reactive transport of gaseous species. Referred to as PHT3D-UZF, this code incorporates flux terms calculated by MODFLOW's unsaturated-zone flow (UZF1) package. A volume-averaged approach similar to the method used in UZF-MT3DMS was adopted. The PHREEQC-based computation of chemical processes within PHT3D-UZF in combination with the analytical solution method of UZF1 allows for comprehensive reactive transport investigations (i.e., biogeochemical transformations) that jointly involve saturated and unsaturated zone processes. Intended for regional-scale applications, UZF1 simulates downward-only flux within the unsaturated zone. The model was tested by comparing simulation results with those of existing numerical models. The comparison was performed for several benchmark problems that cover a range of important hydrological and reactive transport processes. A 2D simulation scenario was defined to illustrate the geochemical evolution following dewatering in a sandy acid sulfate soil environment. Other potential applications include the simulation of biogeochemical processes in variably-saturated systems that track the transport and fate of agricultural pollutants, nutrients, natural and xenobiotic organic compounds and micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, as well as the evolution of isotope patterns. C1 [Wu, Ming Zhi; Salmon, S. Ursula; Prommer, Henning] Univ Western Australia Node, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. [Wu, Ming Zhi; Salmon, S. Ursula; Prommer, Henning] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Wu, Ming Zhi] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. [Post, Vincent E. A.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Environm, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Post, Vincent E. A.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Morway, Eric D.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Prommer, Henning] CSIRO Land & Water, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. RP Wu, MZ (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. EM mingzwu@graduate.uwa.edu.au RI Prommer, Henning/A-4555-2008; Wu, Ming/I-4245-2012; Post, Vincent/E-6054-2011 OI Prommer, Henning/0000-0002-8669-8184; Post, Vincent/0000-0002-9463-3081 FU National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training; Australian Research Council; National Water Commission FX M.Z.W., V.E.A.P., S.U.S., and H.P. acknowledge the financial support of the National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, a collaborative initiative of the Australian Research Council and the National Water Commission. The support of Ryan Bailey, Janek Greskowiak, and Jungho Park in the development and verification of the code is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank Diederik Jacques, Danyang Su, and Uli Mayer for their help with the HP1 and MIN3P codes. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1111/gwat.12318 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DA7FF UT WOS:000367969300005 PM 25628017 ER PT J AU Cozzarelli, IM Schreiber, ME Erickson, ML Ziegler, BA AF Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Schreiber, Madeline E. Erickson, Melinda L. Ziegler, Brady A. TI Arsenic Cycling in Hydrocarbon Plumes: Secondary Effects of Natural Attenuation SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID OIL SPILL SITE; IN-GROUND WATER; CRUDE-OIL; DRINKING-WATER; GEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS; IRON REDUCTION; GRAVEL AQUIFER; PUBLIC-HEALTH; LANDFILL; PROGRESSION AB Monitored natural attenuation is widely applied as a remediation strategy at hydrocarbon spill sites. Natural attenuation relies on biodegradation of hydrocarbons coupled with reduction of electron acceptors, including solid phase ferric iron (Fe(III)). Because arsenic (As) adsorbs to Fe-hydroxides, a potential secondary effect of natural attenuation of hydrocarbons coupled with Fe(III) reduction is a release of naturally occurring As to groundwater. At a crude-oil-contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota, anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons coupled to Fe(III) reduction has been well documented. We collected groundwater samples at the site annually from 2009 to 2013 to examine if As is released to groundwater and, if so, to document relationships between As and Fe inside and outside of the dissolved hydrocarbon plume. Arsenic concentrations in groundwater in the plume reached 230 mu g/L, whereas groundwater outside the plume contained less than 5 mu g/L As. Combined with previous data from the Bemidji site, our results suggest that (1) naturally occurring As is associated with Fe-hydroxides present in the glacially derived aquifer sediments; (2) introduction of hydrocarbons results in reduction of Fe-hydroxides, releasing As and Fe to groundwater; (3) at the leading edge of the plume, As and Fe are removed from groundwater and retained on sediments; and (4) downgradient from the plume, patterns of As and Fe in groundwater are similar to background. We develop a conceptual model of secondary As release due to natural attenuation of hydrocarbons that can be applied to other sites where an influx of biodegradable organic carbon promotes Fe(III) reduction. C1 [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Schreiber, Madeline E.; Ziegler, Brady A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Erickson, Melinda L.] USGS, Mounds View, MN USA. RP Cozzarelli, IM (reprint author), USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM icozzare@usgs.gov; mschreib@vt.edu; merickso@usgs.gov; bziegler@vt.edu RI Schreiber, Madeline/A-5356-2009; OI Schreiber, Madeline/0000-0002-1858-7730; Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007; Erickson, Melinda/0000-0002-1117-2866 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program; National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, a collaborative venture of the USGS, Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; Beltrami County, MN FX We thank Jeanne Jaeschke, Mary Jo Badecker, Andrew Berg, Brent Mason, John Greene, Laurel Ackison, and Nicole Fahrenfeld for sample collection and analytical support. We thank Barbara Bekins for helpful discussions and Mary Ann Thomas for helpful review comments. This project was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the National Research Program. Partial funding for this project was provided by the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, a collaborative venture of the USGS, Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and Beltrami County, MN. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1111/gwat.12316 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DA7FF UT WOS:000367969300006 PM 25612004 ER PT J AU Abrams, DB Haitjema, HM Feinstein, DT Hunt, RJ AF Abrams, D. B. Haitjema, H. M. Feinstein, D. T. Hunt, R. J. TI Field Test of a Hybrid Finite-Difference and Analytic Element Regional Model SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; GROUNDWATER; MODFLOW AB Regional finite-difference models often have cell sizes that are too large to sufficiently model well-stream interactions. Here, a steady-state hybrid model is applied whereby the upper layer or layers of a coarse MODFLOW model are replaced by the analytic element model GFLOW, which represents surface waters and wells as line and point sinks. The two models are coupled by transferring cell-by-cell leakage obtained from the original MODFLOW model to the bottom of the GFLOW model. A real-world test of the hybrid model approach is applied on a subdomain of an existing model of the Lake Michigan Basin. The original (coarse) MODFLOW model consists of six layers, the top four of which are aggregated into GFLOW as a single layer, while the bottom two layers remain part of MODFLOW in the hybrid model. The hybrid model and a refined "benchmark" MODFLOW model simulate similar baseflows. The hybrid and benchmark models also simulate similar baseflow reductions due to nearby pumping when the well is located within the layers represented by GFLOW. However, the benchmark model requires refinement of the model grid in the local area of interest, while the hybrid approach uses a gridless top layer and is thus unaffected by grid discretization errors. The hybrid approach is well suited to facilitate cost-effective retrofitting of existing coarse grid MODFLOW models commonly used for regional studies because it leverages the strengths of both finite-difference and analytic element methods for predictions in mildly heterogeneous systems that can be simulated with steady-state conditions. C1 [Abrams, D. B.] Illinois State Water Survey, Groundwater Sci Sect, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Haitjema, H. M.] Haitjema Consulting Inc, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Feinstein, D. T.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Hunt, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Abrams, DB (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, Groundwater Sci Sect, 2204 Griffith Dr,Bldg 4,Room 414, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM dbabrams@illinois.edu; henk@haitjema.com; dtfeinstein@usgs.gov; rjhunt@usgs.com FU USGS Groundwater Resources Program through the Water Availability and Use-Great Lakes Basin Pilot Study FX We are grateful for the comments from three anonymous reviewers, as well as Andy Leaf, Paul Juckem, and Howard Reeves; these comments helped to greatly improve the manuscript. This project was supported in part by the USGS Groundwater Resources Program through the Water Availability and Use-Great Lakes Basin Pilot Study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 66 EP 73 DI 10.1111/gwat.12319 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DA7FF UT WOS:000367969300009 PM 25628100 ER PT J AU Pollock, DW AF Pollock, David W. TI Extending the MODPATH Algorithm to Rectangular Unstructured Grids SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article AB The recent release of MODFLOW-USG, which allows model grids to have irregular, unstructured connections, requires a modification of the particle-tracking algorithm used by MODPATH. This paper describes a modification of the semi-analytical particle-tracking algorithm used by MODPATH that allows it to be extended to rectangular-based unstructured grids by dividing grid cells with multi-cell face connections into sub-cells. The new method will be incorporated in the next version of MODPATH which is currently under development. C1 [Pollock, David W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Pollock, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 411 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dwpolloc@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1111/gwat.12328 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DA7FF UT WOS:000367969300015 PM 25754305 ER PT J AU van den Brink, NW Arblaster, JA Bowman, SR Conder, JM Elliott, JE Johnson, MS Muir, DCG Natal-da-Luz, T Rattner, BA Sample, BE Shore, RF AF van den Brink, Nico W. Arblaster, Jennifer A. Bowman, Sarah R. Conder, Jason M. Elliott, John E. Johnson, Mark S. Muir, Derek C. G. Natal-da-Luz, Tiago Rattner, Barnett A. Sample, Bradley E. Shore, Richard F. TI Use of Terrestrial Field Studies In the Derivation of Bioaccumulation Potential of Chemicals SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomagnification factors; Biota-to-soil-accumulation factors; BMF; BSAF; Chemical bioaccumulation; Terrestrial food web; TMF; Trophic magnification factors ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; TROPHIC MAGNIFICATION FACTORS; POLLUTION EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; HEDGEHOG ERINACEUS-EUROPAEUS; LICHEN-CARIBOU-WOLF; MARINE FOOD-WEB; BIOMONITORING TOOL; STABLE-ISOTOPES; TEMPORAL TRENDS AB Field-based studies are an essential component of research addressing the behavior of organic chemicals, and a unique line of evidence that can be used to assess bioaccumulation potential in chemical registration programs and aid in development of associated laboratory and modeling efforts. To aid scientific and regulatory discourse on the application of terrestrial field data in this manner, this article provides practical recommendations regarding the generation and interpretation of terrestrial field data. Currently, biota-to-soil-accumulation factors (BSAFs), biomagnification factors (BMFs), and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) are the most suitable bioaccumulation metrics that are applicable to bioaccumulation assessment evaluations and able to be generated from terrestrial field studies with relatively low uncertainty. Biomagnification factors calculated from field-collected samples of terrestrial carnivores and their prey appear to be particularly robust indicators of bioaccumulation potential. The use of stable isotope ratios for quantification of trophic relationships in terrestrial ecosystems needs to be further developed to resolve uncertainties associated with the calculation of terrestrial trophic magnification factors (TMFs). Sampling efforts for terrestrial field studies should strive for efficiency, and advice on optimization of study sample sizes, practical considerations for obtaining samples, selection of tissues for analysis, and data interpretation is provided. Although there is still much to be learned regarding terrestrial bioaccumulation, these recommendations provide some initial guidance to the present application of terrestrial field data as a line of evidence in the assessment of chemical bioaccumulation potential and a resource to inform laboratory and modeling efforts. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016; 12: 135-145. (C) 2015 SETAC C1 [van den Brink, Nico W.] Wageningen Univ, Subdept Toxicol, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Arblaster, Jennifer A.] Ramba Environ Corp, Irvine, CA USA. [Bowman, Sarah R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Conder, Jason M.] Geosyntec Consultants, Huntington Beach, CA USA. [Elliott, John E.] Environm Canada, Delta, BC, Canada. [Johnson, Mark S.] US Army, Publ Hlth Ctr, Aberdeen, MD USA. [Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada. [Natal-da-Luz, Tiago] Univ Coimbra, Ctr Funct Ecol, Dept Life Sci, Coimbra, Portugal. [Rattner, Barnett A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Sample, Bradley E.] Ecol Risk, Rancho Murieta, CA USA. [Shore, Richard F.] NERC, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster, England. RP van den Brink, NW (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Subdept Toxicol, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. EM nico.vandenbrink@wur.nl RI Shore, Richard/A-2638-2012 OI Shore, Richard/0000-0002-9337-8883 NR 107 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1002/ieam.1717 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DA6KV UT WOS:000367914100012 PM 26436822 ER PT J AU Newton, J Sepulveda, A Sylvester, K Thum, RA AF Newton, Jeremy Sepulveda, Adam Sylvester, Kevin Thum, Ryan A. TI Potential utility of environmental DNA for early detection of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HYBRID WATERMILFOIL; IMPACTS C1 [Newton, Jeremy] Grand Valley State Univ, Robert B Annis Water Resources Inst, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Sepulveda, Adam] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Sylvester, Kevin] Grand Valley State Univ, Target Inquiry, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Thum, Ryan A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Sepulveda, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov FU Missoula County (Montana) Weed district; Teton County (Wyoming) Weed district; Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation FX We thank Missoula County (Montana) and Teton County (Wyoming) Weed districts and Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation for funding assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 54 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA7DP UT WOS:000367965100007 ER PT J AU Kurath, G Winton, JR Dale, OB Purcell, MK Falk, K Busch, RA AF Kurath, G. Winton, J. R. Dale, O. B. Purcell, M. K. Falk, K. Busch, R. A. TI Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. are broadly susceptible to isolates representing the North American genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; fish virus; host specificity; infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SOCKEYE-SALMON; VIRULENCE MECHANISMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WALBAUM; NERKA; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENESIS AB Beginning in 1992, three epidemic waves of infectious hematopoietic necrosis, often with high mortality, occurred in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. on the west coast of North America. We compared the virulence of eleven strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), representing the U, M and L genogroups, in experimental challenges of juvenile Atlantic salmon in freshwater. All strains caused mortality and there was wide variation within genogroups: cumulative mortality for five U-group strains ranged from 20 to 100%, four M-group strains ranged 30-63% and two L-group strains varied from 41 to 81%. Thus, unlike Pacific salmonids, there was no apparent correlation of virulence in a particular host species with virus genogroup. The mortality patterns indicated two different phenotypes in terms of kinetics of disease progression and final per cent mortality, with nine strains having moderate virulence and two strains (from the U and L genogroups) having high virulence. These phenotypes were investigated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry to describe the variation in the course of IHNV disease in Atlantic salmon. The results from this study demonstrate that IHNV may become a major threat to farmed Atlantic salmon in other regions of the world where the virus has been, or may be, introduced. C1 [Kurath, G.; Winton, J. R.; Purcell, M. K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dale, O. B.; Falk, K.] Norwegian Vet Inst, Oslo, Norway. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gkurath@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1111/jfd.12323 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DA9JU UT WOS:000368125700005 PM 25381936 ER PT J AU Guthrie, AL Knowles, S Ballmann, AE Lorch, JM AF Guthrie, Amanda L. Knowles, Susan Ballmann, Anne E. Lorch, Jeffrey M. TI Detection of Snake Fungal Disease Due to Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in Virginia, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Dermatitis; emerging disease; Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola; PCR; snake fungal disease ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RATTLESNAKES; INFECTION AB Snake fungal disease (SFD) is an emerging disease of wildlife believed to be caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola. Although geographic and host ranges have yet to be determined, this disease is characterized by crusty scales, superficial pustules, and subcutaneous nodules, with subsequent morbidity and mortality in some snake species. To confirm the presence of SFD and O. ophiodiicola in snakes of eastern Virginia, US, we clinically examined 30 free-ranging snakes on public lands from April to October 2014. Skin biopsy samples were collected from nine snakes that had gross lesions suggestive of SFD; seven of these biopsies were suitable for histologic interpretation, and eight were suitable for culture and PCR detection of O. ophiodiicola. Seven snakes had histologic features consistent with SFD and eight were positive for O. ophiodiicola by PCR or fungal culture. C1 [Guthrie, Amanda L.] Virginia Zoo, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. [Knowles, Susan; Ballmann, Anne E.; Lorch, Jeffrey M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Guthrie, AL (reprint author), Virginia Zoo, 3500 Granby St, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. EM aguthrie0665@gmail.com OI Knowles, Susan/0000-0002-0254-6491; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU Virginia Herpetological Society FX This project was made possible through the research grant awarded generously by the Virginia Herpetological Society. Special thanks to Kory Steele for GIS mapping work and to Yohn Sutton for enthusiasm and dedication to helping capture snakes in the field. Thanks to the Virginia Zoo for tremendous support throughout this project. We thank Elizabeth Bohuski, Kathryn Griffin, Katie Schmidt, and Stephanie Steinfeldt at the US Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center for assistance with laboratory testing. Special thanks to local field biologists for observational information and recommended locations for finding snakes. Thanks to all the volunteers who helped capture snakes. The use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 31 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DA6GX UT WOS:000367901800019 PM 26745835 ER PT J AU Godwin, SC Jones, SE Weidel, BC Solomon, CT AF Godwin, Sean C. Jones, Stuart E. Weidel, Brian C. Solomon, Christopher T. TI Dissolved organic carbon concentration controls benthic primary production: Results from in situ chambers in north-temperate lakes (vol 59, pg 2112, 2014) SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Correction C1 [Godwin, Sean C.; Solomon, Christopher T.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. [Godwin, Sean C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Jones, Stuart E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY USA. RP Godwin, SC (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. RI Solomon, Chris/E-6284-2014 OI Solomon, Chris/0000-0002-2850-4257 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 407 EP 407 DI 10.1002/lno.10238 PG 1 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DA7KU UT WOS:000367983800027 ER PT J AU Barnes, SJ Page, P Prichard, HM Zientek, ML Fisher, PC AF Barnes, Sarah-Jane Page, P. Prichard, H. M. Zientek, M. L. Fisher, P. C. TI Chalcophile and platinum-group element distribution in the Ultramafic series of the Stillwater Complex, MT, USA-implications for processes enriching chromite layers in Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Platinum-group elements; Selenium; Chromite; Laurite; Ultramafic series; Stillwater Complex ID WESTERN BUSHVELD COMPLEX; SOUTH-AFRICA IMPLICATIONS; MORB SULFIDE DROPLETS; GROUP MINERALS; SILICATE MELT; CRYSTALLIZATION HISTORY; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; HAPLOBASALTIC MELT; CRITICAL ZONE AB All of the rocks from the Ultramafic series of the Stillwater Complex are enriched in PGE relative to most mafic magmas. Furthermore, the chromite layers are particularly enriched in IPGE (Os, Ir, and Ru) and Rh. This enrichment appears to be a common characteristic of ultramafic rocks from many types of settings, layered intrusions, ophiolites, and zoned complexes. We have carried out a petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical study to assess how the enrichment occurred in the case of the Stillwater Complex and applied our results to the chromite layers of the Bushveld and Great Dyke complexes. The minerals that now host the PGE are laurite and fine-grained intergrowths of pentlandite, millerite, and chalcopyrite. The laurite occurs as inclusions in chromite, and mass balance calculations indicate that it hosts most of the Os, Ir, and Ru. The sulfide minerals occur both as inclusions in chromite and as interstitial grains. The sulfides host much of the Pd and Rh. The IPGE and Rh correlate with Cr but not with S or Se, indicating that these elements were not collected by a sulfide liquid. Palladium, Cu, and Se correlate with each other, but not with S. The low S/Se (< 1500) of the whole rock and magnetite rims around the sulfides indicate some S has been lost from the rocks. We conclude that to account for all observations, the IPGE and Rh were originally collected by chromite, and subsequently, small quantities of base metal sulfide liquid was added to the chromite layers from the overlying magma. The IPGE and Rh in the chromite diffused from the chromite into the base metal sulfides and converted some of the sulfides to laurite. C1 [Barnes, Sarah-Jane; Page, P.] Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Sci Terre, Chicoutimi, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. [Prichard, H. M.; Fisher, P. C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. [Zientek, M. L.] US Geol Survey, Spokane Off, Spokane, WA USA. RP Barnes, SJ (reprint author), Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Sci Terre, Chicoutimi, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. EM sjbarnes@uqac.ca RI Barnes, S-J/I-5579-2012 FU Canadian Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant [17313]; Canada Research Chair program grant [215503] FX We would like to thank Mr. Dany Savard and Ms. Sahdi Mehdi for their careful analytical work. The reviewers, Prof. Alan Boudreau Dr. Steve Barnes and Dr. M. Fiorentini are thanked for their detailed reviews. This work was funded by a Canadian Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant to SJB (17313) and a Canada Research Chair program grant to SJB (215503). NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 EI 1432-1866 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 25 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s00126-015-0587-y PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DA8TG UT WOS:000368078500003 ER PT J AU Leasure, DR Magoulick, DD Longing, SD AF Leasure, D. R. Magoulick, D. D. Longing, S. D. TI Natural Flow Regimes of the Ozark-Ouachita Interior Highlands Region SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hydrologic classification; hydrologic alteration; ecohydrology; flow ecology; ELOHA; measurement uncertainty; Hydrologic Index Tool ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; STREAM; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; AUSTRALIA AB Natural flow regimes represent the hydrologic conditions to which native aquatic organisms are best adapted. We completed a regional river classification and quantitative descriptions of each natural flow regime for the Ozark-Ouachita Interior Highlands region of Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. On the basis of daily flow records from 64 reference streams, seven natural flow regimes were identified with mixture model cluster analysis: Groundwater Stable, Groundwater, Groundwater Flashy, Perennial Runoff, Runoff Flashy, Intermittent Runoff and Intermittent Flashy. Sets of flow metrics were selected that best quantified nine ecologically important components of these natural flow regimes. An uncertainty analysis was performed to avoid selecting metrics strongly affected by measurement uncertainty that can result from short periods of record. Measurement uncertainties (bias, precision and accuracy) were assessed for 170 commonly used flow metrics. The ranges of variability expected for select flow metrics under natural conditions were quantified for each flow regime to provide a reference for future assessments of hydrologic alteration. A random forest model was used to predict the natural flow regimes of all stream segments in the study area based on climate and catchment characteristics, and a map was produced. The geographic distribution of flow regimes suggested distinct ecohydrological regions that may be useful for conservation planning. This project provides a hydrologic foundation for future examination of flow-ecology relationships in the region. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Leasure, D. R.; Longing, S. D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Magoulick, D. D.] Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Longing, S. D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu FU State Wildlife Grant from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission [T-30-12] FX This project was funded by a State Wildlife Grant from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (grant no. T-30-12). Facilities were provided by the Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the University of Arkansas. Dr. James Falcone provided his database of Hydrologic Disturbance Index values for USGS stream gauges, which helped with reference site selection, and he also provided several important GIS data sets that were used to predict the natural flow regimes of ungauged streams. Melissa Riskin from the New Jersey Water Science Center generously helped troubleshoot issues with the Hydrologic Index Tool even in the aftermath of hurricane Sandy. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 18 EP 35 DI 10.1002/rra.2838 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DA7UZ UT WOS:000368011400002 ER PT J AU Wildhaber, ML Yang, WH Arab, A AF Wildhaber, M. L. Yang, W-H. Arab, A. TI Population Trends, Bend Use Relative to Available Habitat and Within-River-Bend Habitat Use of Eight Indicator Species of Missouri and Lower Kansas River Benthic Fishes: 15 Years After Baseline Assessment SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Missouri River; Kansas River; benthic fishes; population trends; bend makeup; bend habitat; zero-inflated Poisson; Bayesian inference ID ZERO-INFLATED POISSON; YELLOWSTONE RIVERS; NORTH-DAKOTA; MODEL; CYPRINIDAE; REGRESSION; STURGEON AB A baseline assessment of the Missouri River fish community and species-specific habitat use patterns conducted from 1996 to 1998 provided the first comprehensive analysis of Missouri River benthic fish population trends and habitat use in the Missouri and Lower Yellowstone rivers, exclusive of reservoirs, and provided the foundation for the present Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program (PSPAP). Data used in such studies are frequently zero inflated. To address this issue, the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model was applied. This follow-up study is based on PSPAP data collected up to 15years later along with new understanding of how habitat characteristics among and within bends affect habitat use of fish species targeted by PSPAP, including pallid sturgeon. This work demonstrated that a large-scale, large-river, PSPAP-type monitoring program can be an effective tool for assessing population trends and habitat usage of large-river fish species. Using multiple gears, PSPAP was effective in monitoring shovelnose and pallid sturgeons, sicklefin, shoal and sturgeon chubs, sand shiner, blue sucker and sauger. For all species, the relationship between environmental variables and relative abundance differed, somewhat, among river segments suggesting the importance of the overall conditions of Upper and Middle Missouri River and Lower Missouri and Kansas rivers on the habitat usage patterns exhibited. Shoal and sicklefin chubs exhibited many similar habitat usage patterns; blue sucker and shovelnose sturgeon also shared similar responses. For pallid sturgeon, the primary focus of PSPAP, relative abundance tended to increase in Upper and Middle Missouri River paralleling stocking efforts, whereas no evidence of an increasing relative abundance was found in the Lower Missouri River despite stocking. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wildhaber, M. L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Yang, W-H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Arab, A.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM mark_wildhaber@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors thank all the people that have been involved in the PSPAP from which the data came and all the coordinators and data managers. We also acknowledge the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as the funding agency. Thanks to all who helped from the U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, specifically J. Albers and N. Green for their assistance in compiling data and J. Albers, N. Green, E. Little, R. Jacobson, and R. Shively for review of earlier versions of this manuscript. Also, thanks T. Welker, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and W. Doyle, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for also reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 36 EP 65 DI 10.1002/rra.2846 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DA7UZ UT WOS:000368011400003 ER PT J AU Parks, TP Quist, MC Pierce, CL AF Parks, T. P. Quist, M. C. Pierce, C. L. TI Anthropogenic Disturbance and Environmental Associations with Fish Assemblage Structure in Two Nonwadeable Rivers SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fish assemblage structure; longitudinal patterns; discharge; dams ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WADEABLE IOWA STREAMS; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; LOW-HEAD DAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; HISTORICAL CHANGES AB Nonwadeable rivers are unique ecosystems that support high levels of aquatic biodiversity, yet they have been greatly altered by human activities. Although riverine fish assemblages have been studied in the past, we still have an incomplete understanding of how fish assemblages respond to both natural and anthropogenic influences in large rivers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between fish assemblage structure and reach-scale habitat, dam, and watershed land use characteristics. In the summers of 2011 and 2012, comprehensive fish and environmental data were collected from 33 reaches in the Iowa and Cedar rivers of eastern-central Iowa. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate environmental relationships with species relative abundance, functional trait abundance (e.g. catch rate of tolerant species), and functional trait composition (e.g. percentage of tolerant species). On the basis of partial CCAs, reach-scale habitat, dam characteristics, and watershed land use features explained 25.0-81.1%, 6.2-25.1%, and 5.8-47.2% of fish assemblage variation, respectively. Although reach-scale, dam, and land use factors contributed to overall assemblage structure, the majority of fish assemblage variation was constrained by reach-scale habitat factors. Specifically, mean annual discharge was consistently selected in nine of the 11 CCA models and accounted for the majority of explained fish assemblage variance by reach-scale habitat. This study provides important insight on the influence of anthropogenic disturbances across multiple spatial scales on fish assemblages in large river systems. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Parks, T. P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA USA. [Quist, M. C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Pierce, C. L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA USA. RP Parks, TP (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 810 W Maple St, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. EM Timothy.Parks@wisconsin.gov FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Iowa State University [1-10-6850-I] FX We thank Christopher Smith, Nick Johnson, Joshua Bruegge, and David Frazier for field assistance. We also appreciate the advice and input from Jesse Fischer, Michael Colvin, Maria Dzul, Anthony Sindt, Bryan Bakevich, and Joshua McCormick on various aspects of the study. We thank Gregory Gelwicks, Greg Simmons, John Olson, Thomas Wilton, Karen Kinkead, and others at Iowa Department of Natural Resources for their guidance and support. Sarah Nusser, Tom Wilton, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This study was performed under the auspices of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Iowa State University (protocol #1-10-6850-I). NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 66 EP 84 DI 10.1002/rra.2844 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DA7UZ UT WOS:000368011400004 ER PT J AU Cupp, AR Hartleb, CF Fredricks, KT Gaikowski, MP AF Cupp, Aaron R. Hartleb, Christopher F. Fredricks, Kim T. Gaikowski, Mark P. TI Effectiveness of eugenol sedation to reduce the metabolic rates of cool and warm water fish at high loading densities SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sedatives; eugenol; respirometry; metabolic rate; fish transport; loading density ID CLOVE OIL SEDATION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; STRESS RESPONSES; NILE TILAPIA; TRANSPORT; EFFICACY; ANESTHETICS; METOMIDATE AB Effects of eugenol (AQUI-S (R) 20E, 10% active eugenol) sedation on cool water, yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill), and warm water, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. fish metabolic rates were assessed. Both species were exposed to 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L-1 eugenol using static respirometry. In 17 degrees C water and loading densities of 60, 120 and 240 g L-1, yellow perch controls (0 mg L-1 eugenol) had metabolic rates of 329.6-400.0 mg O-2 kg(-1) h(-1), while yellow perch exposed to 20 and 30 mg L-1 eugenol had significantly reduced metabolic rates of 258.4-325.6 and 189.1-271.0 mg O-2 kg(-1) h(-1) respectively. Nile tilapia exposed to 30 mg L-1 eugenol had a significantly reduced metabolic rate (424.5 +/- 42.3 mg O-2 kg(-1) h(-1)) relative to the 0 mg L-1 eugenol control (546.6 +/- 53.5 mg O-2 kg(-1) h(-1)) at a loading density of 120 g L-1 in 22 degrees C water. No significant differences in metabolic rates for Nile tilapia were found at 240 or 360 g L-1 loading densities when exposed to eugenol. Results suggest that eugenol sedation may benefit yellow perch welfare at high densities (e.g. live transport) due to a reduction in metabolic rates, while further research is needed to assess the benefits of eugenol sedation on Nile tilapia at high loading densities. C1 [Cupp, Aaron R.; Fredricks, Kim T.; Gaikowski, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Cupp, Aaron R.; Hartleb, Christopher F.] Univ Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Fredricks, Kim T.] Viterbo Univ, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Cupp, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM acupp@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341; Cupp, Aaron/0000-0001-5995-2100 FU United States Department of Agriculture - North Central Regional Aquaculture Center FX We thank United States Department of Agriculture - North Central Regional Aquaculture Center for providing project funding and AQUI-S New Zealand, Ltd. for supplying test chemical. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 47 IS 1 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1111/are.12485 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DA3UO UT WOS:000367724800020 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Kolpin, DW AF Hladik, Michelle L. Kolpin, Dana W. TI First national-scale reconnaissance of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams across the USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; FIPRONIL; INVERTEBRATES; WATERS AB Environmental context Neonicotinoids are under increased scrutiny because they have been implicated in pollinator declines and, more recently, as potential aquatic toxicants. Nevertheless, there is currently little information on concentrations of multiple neonicotinoids in surface water. This paper presents a summary of concentrations of six neonicotinoids in streams from across the United States in both urban and agricultural areas. These environmental data are important in determining the potential risk of neonicotinoids to non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Abstract To better understand the fate and transport of neonicotinoid insecticides, water samples were collected from streams across the United States. In a nationwide study, at least one neonicotinoid was detected in 53% of the samples collected, with imidacloprid detected most frequently (37%), followed by clothianidin (24%), thiamethoxam (21%), dinotefuran (13%), acetamiprid (3%) and thiacloprid (0%). Clothianidin and thiamethoxam concentrations were positively related to the percentage of the land use in cultivated crop production and imidacloprid concentrations were positively related to the percentage of urban area within the basin. Additional sampling was also conducted in targeted research areas to complement these national-scale results, including determining: (1) neonicotinoid concentrations during elevated flow conditions in an intensely agricultural region; (2) temporal patterns of neonicotinoids in heavily urbanised basins; (3) neonicotinoid concentrations in agricultural basins in a nationally important ecosystem; and (4) in-stream transport of neonicotinoids near a wastewater treatment plant. Across all study areas, at least one neonicotinoid was detected in 63% of the 48 streams sampled. C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RP Hladik, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov OI Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS Priority Ecosystems Science; USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program; Georgia Department of Agriculture FX We thank Dan Calhoun and Pat Phillips for providing samples and site information for Georgia and Chesapeake Bay respectively; Jim Orlando for generating maps and the land-use data; Megan McWayne and Corey Sanders for sample processing; and all of the field crews from across the United States who collected the various stream samples. Funding or support was provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, USGS Priority Ecosystems Science, USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program and the Georgia Department of Agriculture. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 15 U2 50 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1071/EN15061 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA1ZV UT WOS:000367596000003 ER PT J AU Dovick, MA Kulp, TR Arkle, RS Pilliod, DS AF Dovick, Meghan A. Kulp, Thomas R. Arkle, Robert S. Pilliod, David S. TI Bioaccumulation trends of arsenic and antimony in a freshwater ecosystem affected by mine drainage SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tadpoles ID HEAVY-METALS; TADPOLES; FISH; MACROINVERTEBRATES; CONTAMINATION; ACCUMULATION; AMPHIBIANS; TAILINGS; MERCURY; BASIN AB Environmental context The food web behaviours of As and Sb are poorly understood. We compare As and Sb bioaccumulation in a contaminated freshwater ecosystem. Metalloid accumulation decreased with increasing trophic level. Bioprecipitated minerals in microbial mats represent a direct route of uptake (by ingestion) of metalloids to tadpoles, which contained the highest concentrations ever reported. We demonstrate food web bioaccumulation, but not biomagification, of As and Sb. We also report an unexpectedly high tolerance of tadpoles to metalloid toxicity. Abstract We compared As and Sb bioaccumulation and biomagnification when these metalloids co-occurred at varying environmental concentrations in a stream and wetlands near a contaminated mine site in Idaho (USA). We measured As and Sb concentrations in water and substrate samples, and in tissues of organisms representing several trophic levels. Bioaccumulation of both As and Sb was observed in stream organisms with the following trend of bio-diminution with increasing trophic level: primary producers>tadpoles>macroinvertebrates>trout. We also note reductions in metalloid concentrations in one of two stream remediation reaches engineered within the past 17 years to ameliorate metalloid contamination in the stream. Several wetlands contained thick microbial mats and were highly populated with boreal toad tadpoles that fed on them. The mats were extremely contaminated (up to 76564mgkg(-1) As and 675mgkg(-1) Sb) with amorphous As- and Sb-bearing minerals that we interpret as biogenic precipitates from geomicrobiological As- and Sb-cycling. Ingested mat material provided a direct source of metalloids to tadpoles, and concentrations of 3867mgkg(-1) (As) and 375mgkg(-1) (Sb) reported here represent the highest whole body As and Sb levels ever reported in living tadpoles. The bulk of tadpole metalloid burden remained in the gut despite attempts to purge the tadpoles prior to analysis. This study adds to a number of recent investigations reporting bioaccumulation, but not biomagnification, of As and Sb in food webs. Moreover, our results suggest that tadpoles, in particular, may be more resistant to metalloid contamination than previously assumed. C1 [Dovick, Meghan A.; Kulp, Thomas R.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Arkle, Robert S.; Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Kulp, TR (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM tkulp@binghamton.edu FU Payette National Forest; US Forest Service; US Geological Survey; Geological Society of America FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Payette National Forest, US Forest Service, US Geological Survey and a student research grant from the Geological Society of America. The authors thank Hannah Blatchford, Elliot Jagniecki, Joseph Graney, David Collins and David Jenkins for field or analytical assistance. They also thank Jim Egnew, Mary Faurot, Gina Bonaminio and Kim Apperson for assistance with project funding, fieldwork coordination, and ancillary data. Handling and collection of amphibians and fish were permitted by Boise State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC Number 692-AC11-013) and the State of Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 35 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1071/EN15046 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA1ZV UT WOS:000367596000018 ER PT J AU Raabe, EA Stumpf, RP AF Raabe, Ellen A. Stumpf, Richard P. TI Expansion of Tidal Marsh in Response to Sea-Level Rise: Gulf Coast of Florida, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Tidalmarsh; Migration; Marine transgression; Forest retreat; Florida ID WEST-CENTRAL FLORIDA; SALT-MARSH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OF-MEXICO; TROPICAL STORMS; SHORELINE; FOREST; DEPOSITION; ACCRETION; WETLANDS AB Understanding the influence of future sea-level rise (SLR) on coastal ecosystems is improved by examining response of coastlines during historic periods of SLR. We evaluated stability and movement of the estuarine intertidal zone along eastern Gulf of Mexico, known as the "Big Bend" of Florida. This relatively undeveloped, low-energy coast is dominated by broad expanses of tidal marsh, providing an opportunity to observe unobstructed response of a coastal ecosystem to SLR. Features from nineteenth century topographic surveys and late twentieth century satellite imagery were compared. Relative change was calculated for intertidal area and lateral migration over 120 years, a period when tidal amplitude increased in addition to SLR. Loss of tidal marsh at the shoreline was -43 km(2), representing a 9 % loss to open water. At the same time, 82 km(2) of forest converted to marsh and 66 km(2) of forest converted to forest-to-marsh transitional habitat. The result was a net regional gain of 105 km(2) of intertidal area, an increase of 23 %, constituting a marine transgression of coastal lowlands. Forest retreat was lower at zones of high freshwater input, attributable to salinity moderation and was further complicated by coastal morphology and land-use practices. Shoreline migration may not represent full extent of habitat change resulting from SLR in regions with low coastal gradients. Forest retreat was consistent with what would be predicted by an inundation model; however, shoreline loss was considerably less, resulting in a net increase in intertidal area in this sediment-limited coast. C1 [Raabe, Ellen A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Stumpf, Richard P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Raabe, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM eraabe@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX We would like to thank Amy Hapeman (Streck) for her dedication to developing and managing the historic database. Thanks to Mark Billus, Brian Penney, and Gitfah Niles for assistance in digitizing. The US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program supported this project. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-9974-y PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA0ZK UT WOS:000367525900012 ER PT J AU Feyrer, F Newman, K Nobriga, M Sommer, T AF Feyrer, Frederick Newman, Ken Nobriga, Matthew Sommer, Ted TI Delta Smelt Habitat in the San Francisco Estuary: A Reply to Manly, Fullerton, Hendrix, and Burnham's "Comments on Feyrer et al. Modeling the Effects of Future Outflow on the Abiotic Habitat of an Imperiled Estuarine Fish" SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus; San Francisco Estuary; Abiotic habitat; Habitat index; Generalized additive model ID CALIFORNIA C1 [Feyrer, Frederick] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Newman, Ken] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lodi Fish & Wildlife Off, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. [Nobriga, Matthew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bay Delta Fish & Wildlife Off, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Sommer, Ted] Calif Dept Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. RP Feyrer, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM ffeyrer@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 287 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-9987-6 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA0ZK UT WOS:000367525900022 ER PT J AU Tsehaye, I Brenden, TO Bence, JR Liu, WH Scribner, KT Kanefsky, J Bott, K Elliott, RF AF Tsehaye, Iyob Brenden, Travis O. Bence, James R. Liu, Weihai Scribner, Kim T. Kanefsky, Jeannette Bott, Kristin Elliott, Robert F. TI Combining genetics with age/length data to estimate temporal changes in year-class strength of source populations contributing to mixtures SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Age/length based genetic stock identification (GSI); Mixed stock; Relative year-class strength; Recruitment; Lake sturgeon; Great Lakes; Stock assessment; Bayesian methods ID MIXED-STOCK ANALYSIS; LAKE STURGEON POPULATIONS; MICROSATELLITE DNA VARIATION; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ADULT CHINOOK SALMON; GREAT-LAKES; FISH POPULATIONS; RIVER-BASIN; RECRUITMENT; FISHERIES AB We developed an approach for estimating changes in relative year-class strength of source populations contributing to mixtures by incorporating ages or lengths of mixture individuals in genetic stock identification models. The approach is intended for long-lived fishes with high pre-recruitment and low post-recruitment mortality rates for which consistent temporal changes in recruitment can be assumed. Age- and collection-year specific contributions of sources to the mixture are modeled as linear functions of two source-specific parameters: an intercept representing relative recruitment for the first modeled year class and a slope representing how relative recruitment changes annually. Based on simulations, the estimation approach performed reasonably well under diverse conditions, including varying numbers of sources, levels of genetic divergence among sources, degrees of change in year-class strength, durations and frequencies of sampling from mixtures, age ranges of individuals from mixtures, and sample sizes from mixtures. The estimation approach was also robust to aging error and uncertainty in length-age relationships. We applied the approach to genetic and length data for lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, collected from 2002 to 2008, with sources corresponding to five Lake Michigan tributaries. Two of the Lake Michigan sources showed declining recruitment levels, whereas the other three sources showed increasing recruitment levels. We believe our proposed approach for indexing changes in year-class strength shows promise as a tool for identifying sources potentially at risk due to declining recruitment and for relating changes in recruitment to biotic or abiotic factors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tsehaye, Iyob; Brenden, Travis O.; Bence, James R.; Liu, Weihai] Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.; Kanefsky, Jeannette; Bott, Kristin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Elliott, Robert F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP Tsehaye, I (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM tsehaye@msu.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2009.1080]; Michigan Department of Natural Resources FX This research was partially funded by Great Lakes Fishery Trust project 2009.1080. Additional funding was provided by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and other contributing partners of the Michigan State University Quantitative Fisheries Center. The authors wish to thank the commercial fishers and fishery agency personnel that collected the Lake Michigan lake sturgeon tissue samples used in this research. Computational work in support of this research was performed at Michigan State University's High Performance Computing Facility. This is publication 2015-18 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 173 SI SI BP 236 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.09.004 PN 3 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DA4MR UT WOS:000367774500007 ER PT J AU Steeman, T Vandenbroucke, TRA Williams, M Verniers, J Perrier, V Siveter, DJ Wilkinson, J Zalasiewicz, J Emsbo, P AF Steeman, Thomas Vandenbroucke, Thijs R. A. Williams, Mark Verniers, Jacques Perrier, Vincent Siveter, David J. Wilkinson, James Zalasiewicz, Jan Emsbo, Poul TI Chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the Silurian Wenlock-Ludlow boundary succession of the Long Mountain, Powys, Wales SO GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE chitinozoans; graptolites; biostratigraphy; Welsh Basin; Wenlock-Ludlow ID GRAPTOLITE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; WELSH BASIN; AREA; BIOZONATION; SECTION; ENGLAND; SERIES; BEDS AB Systematic collecting through the upper Wenlock (upper Homerian) and lower Ludlow (Gorstian and lowermost Ludfordian) Silurian rock succession of the Long Mountain, Powys, Wales, identifies some 48 chitinozoan species that distinguish four biozones, two subzones and an interregnum. Consideration of the chitinozoan biozones together with those of the graptolites enables a local three-fold subdivision of the late Homerian lundgreni graptolite Biozone, and the distinction of lower and upper intervals for the Gorstian incipiens graptolite Biozone. The base of the Ludlow Series in the Long Mountain more or less equates to the base of the Cingulochitina acme chitinozoan Biozone, although no key chitinozoan first or last appearance datums are associated with the series boundary itself. The new graptolite-chitinozoan biozonation allows enhanced correlation between upper Wenlock and lower Ludlow sedimentary deposits of the Lower Palaeozoic Welsh depositional basin and those of the palaeo-shelf in the stratotype Wenlock and Ludlow areas of Shropshire. Chitinozoans seem affected by the phenomena that caused the late Wenlock 'Mulde extinction' in graptolites but, with the final disappearance of 9 species and re-appearance of 11 species following an interval of overall low diversity, they seem to have suffered less severely than their macro-zooplanktonic contemporaries. C1 [Steeman, Thomas; Vandenbroucke, Thijs R. A.; Verniers, Jacques] Univ Ghent, Res Unit Palaeontol, Dept Geol & Soil Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Vandenbroucke, Thijs R. A.] Univ Lille 1, UMR CNRS Evo Eco Paleo 8198, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Williams, Mark; Perrier, Vincent; Siveter, David J.; Wilkinson, James; Zalasiewicz, Jan] Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, CMERSC, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Steeman, T (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Res Unit Palaeontol, Dept Geol & Soil Sci, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM thomas.steeman@ugent.be RI Vandenbroucke, Thijs/B-7974-2009; Williams, Mark/B-7590-2009 OI Williams, Mark/0000-0002-7987-6069 FU Leverhulme Trust [RP14G0168]; IGCP project [591] FX Douglas Palmer (Cambridge) provided invaluable access to his field maps of the Long Mountain succession that directed our fieldwork and stratigraphical understanding in Wales. Laurence Debeauvais (University of Lille1) and Sabine Van Cauwenberghe (UGent) are acknowledged for palynological analyses and Philippe Recourt (University of Lille1) for her help with SEM imaging. We thank the Leverhulme Trust (grant number RP14G0168) for funding this work. This is a contribution to IGCP project 591. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0016-7568 EI 1469-5081 J9 GEOL MAG JI Geol. Mag. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 153 IS 1 BP 95 EP 109 DI 10.1017/S0016756815000266 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DA3WG UT WOS:000367730200006 ER PT J AU Novosolov, M Rodda, GH Feldman, A Kadison, AE Dor, R Meiri, S AF Novosolov, Maria Rodda, Gordon H. Feldman, Anat Kadison, Amy E. Dor, Roi Meiri, Shai TI Power in numbers. Drivers of high population density in insular lizards SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Density compensation; dispersal; ecological sorting; insularity; lizards; population density; snakes ID BODY-SIZE; SQUAMATE REPTILES; ISLAND SYNDROME; LIFE-HISTORY; ECOLOGY; EVOLUTION; COMPENSATION; PHYLOGENIES; PREDATION; CONSERVATION AB Aim Islands organisms usually have fewer predator and competitor species than mainland ones. This is thought to result in high population densities on islands. We hypothesize that insular lizards have denser populations than mainland species and that density, in general, is negatively correlated with competitor and predator richness. Location Global. Methods We compared densities of 346 lizard species on islands and the mainland while examining the relationship between density and, predator and competitor richness, primary productivity, seasonality and island area. We controlled for phylogenetic non-independence, body mass and study area, which are known to strongly affect population density. Results Insular populations (especially on snake-free islands) are denser than mainland ones. Mainland populations of lizard species that also inhabit islands were denser than those of species that do not inhabit islands. Population density was the highest on islands with low net primary productivity and was not significantly affected by competitor or predator richness. Moreover, insular populations show high density regardless of island area. Main conclusions We conclude that the ability of mainland species to reach high population densities may increase their chances in reaching and successfully colonizing islands. We postulate that population density may be affected by predator and competitor density rather than by their richness. Density increase on islands may result not from the environmental simplicity of island faunas but through propagule sorting or pressure. C1 [Novosolov, Maria; Feldman, Anat; Kadison, Amy E.; Dor, Roi; Meiri, Shai] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Rodda, Gordon H.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Novosolov, M (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM marianovosolov@gmail.com OI Meiri, Shai/0000-0003-3839-6330 FU Clore Israel Foundation; ISF [1005/12] FX Members of the Global Assessment of Reptile Distribution (GARD) group were instrumental in obtaining data on lizards and snake distribution. We thank Panayiotis Pafilis for valuable discussion. Two anonymous referees made many important and helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. M.N. is funded by the Clore Israel Foundation for the years 2015-2017. This study was funded by an ISF grant number 1005/12 to S.M. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1111/geb.12390 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA DA3VX UT WOS:000367728900010 ER PT J AU Stark, SC Breshears, DD Garcia, ES Law, DJ Minor, DM Saleska, SR Swann, ALS Villegas, JC Aragao, LEOC Bella, EM Borma, LS Cobb, NS Litvak, ME Magnusson, WE Morton, JM Redmond, MD AF Stark, Scott C. Breshears, David D. Garcia, Elizabeth S. Law, Darin J. Minor, David M. Saleska, Scott R. Swann, Abigail L. S. Camilo Villegas, Juan Aragao, Luiz E. O. C. Bella, Elizabeth M. Borma, Laura S. Cobb, Neil S. Litvak, Marcy E. Magnusson, William E. Morton, John M. Redmond, Miranda D. TI Toward accounting for ecoclimate teleconnections: intra- and inter-continental consequences of altered energy balance after vegetation change SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amazon; CESM; Ecoclimate teleconnections; Energy balance; Forest die-off; Hemispherical photography; LiDAR; Macrosystems ecology; North America; Vegetation change ID GRASSLAND-FOREST CONTINUUM; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; CANOPY LEAF-AREA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR; DIE-OFF; MORTALITY; CARBON AB Vegetation is projected to continue to undergo major structural changes in coming decades due to land conversion and climate change, including widespread forest die-offs. These vegetation changes are important not only for their local or regional climatic effects, but also because they can affect climate and subsequently vegetation in other regions or continents through "ecoclimate teleconnections". We propose that ecoclimate teleconnections are a fundamental link among regions within and across continents, and are central to advancing large-scale macrosystems ecology. We illustrate potential ecoclimate teleconnections in a bounding simulation that assumes complete tree cover loss in western North America due to tree die-off, and which predicts subsequent drying and reduced net primary productivity in other areas of North America, the Amazon and elsewhere. Central to accurately modeling such ecoclimate teleconnections is characterizing how vegetation change alters albedo and other components of the land-surface energy balance and then scales up to impact the climate system. We introduce a framework for rapid field-based characterization of vegetation structure and energy balance to help address this challenge. Ecoclimate teleconnections are likely a fundamental aspect of macrosystems ecology needed to account for alterations to large-scale atmospheric-ecological couplings in response to vegetation change, including deforestation, afforestation and die-off. C1 [Stark, Scott C.; Minor, David M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm & Joint, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Garcia, Elizabeth S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Law, Darin J.] Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Saleska, Scott R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Swann, Abigail L. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Swann, Abigail L. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Camilo Villegas, Juan] Univ Antioquia, Sch Environm, GIGA Grp, Medellin, Colombia. [Camilo Villegas, Juan] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Aragao, Luiz E. O. C.] Natl Inst Space Res, Remote Sensing Div, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Aragao, Luiz E. O. C.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Bella, Elizabeth M.; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Bella, Elizabeth M.] AECOM, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Borma, Laura S.] Natl Inst Space Res, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Cobb, Neil S.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Litvak, Marcy E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Magnusson, William E.] Natl Inst Amazonian Res INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Redmond, Miranda D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stark, SC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM scott.c.stark@gmail.com FU NSF [EF-1340624, EF-1340649, EF-1340604]; Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station; Estrategia de Sostenibilidad Universidad de Antioquia; PPBio-CENBAM; CNPq; FAPESP [2013/50533-5, 2013/50531-2] FX This work was supported primarily through NSF EF-1340624, EF-1340649 & EF-1340604; additional support provided by Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station; Estrategia de Sostenibilidad 2014-2015 Universidad de Antioquia; PPBio-CENBAM; L.E.O.C.A. acknowledges the support of the CNPq Fellowship and FAPESP (Grant 2013/50533-5). L.S.B acknowledges the support of the FAPESP (Grant 2013/50531-2). We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of anonymous reviewers to improving the manuscript. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0282-5 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DA2AR UT WOS:000367598200014 ER PT J AU Tinker, MT Hatfield, BB Harris, MD Ames, JA AF Tinker, M. Tim Hatfield, Brian B. Harris, Michael D. Ames, Jack A. TI Dramatic increase in sea otter mortality from white sharks in California SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Enhydra lutris nereis; sea otter; Carcharodon carcharias; white shark; mortality; investigatory bite; stranding; carcass ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-PUSILLUS-PUSILLUS; OFFSHORE FORAGING AREA; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; POPULATION-GROWTH; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; PREDATION; ISLAND; MIGRATION; PATTERNS AB Although southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) are not considered prey for white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias), sharks do nonetheless bite sea otters. We analyzed spatial and temporal trends in shark bites on sea otters in California, assessing the frequency of shark bite wounds in 1,870 carcasses collected since 1985. The proportion of stranded sea otters having shark bites has increased sharply since 2003, and white shark bites now account for >50% of recovered carcasses. The trend was most pronounced in the southern part of the range, from Estero Bay to Point Conception, where shark bite frequency has increased eightfold. Seasonal trends were also evident: most shark-bitten carcasses are recovered in late summer and fall; however, the period of elevated shark bite frequency has lengthened. The causes of these trends are unclear, but possible contributing factors include increased white shark abundance and/or changes in white shark behavior and distribution. In particular, the spatiotemporal patterns of shark-bitten sea otters match increases in pinniped populations, and the increased availability of marine mammal prey for white sharks may have led to more sharks spending more time in nearshore waters utilized by both sea otters and pinnipeds. C1 [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz Field Stn, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hatfield, Brian B.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz Field Stn, Piedras Blancas Off, San Simeon, CA 93452 USA. [Harris, Michael D.; Ames, Jack A.] Calfornia Dept Fish Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Vet Care Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Tinker, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz Field Stn, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ttinker@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 309 EP 326 DI 10.1111/mms.12261 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DA2LH UT WOS:000367625800017 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM AF Dorazio, Robert M. TI Bayesian data analysis in population ecology: motivations, methods, and benefits SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Frequentist inference; Hierarchical modeling; Missing data; Occupancy model; Spatial analysis; State-space modeling ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; CALIBRATED BAYES; MODELS; INFERENCE; STATISTICS; CONFIDENCE; RATES AB During the 20th century ecologists largely relied on the frequentist system of inference for the analysis of their data. However, in the past few decades ecologists have become increasingly interested in the use of Bayesian methods of data analysis. In this article I provide guidance to ecologists who would like to decide whether Bayesian methods can be used to improve their conclusions and predictions. I begin by providing a concise summary of Bayesian methods of analysis, including a comparison of differences between Bayesian and frequentist approaches to inference when using hierarchical models. Next I provide a list of problems where Bayesian methods of analysis may arguably be preferred over frequentist methods. These problems are usually encountered in analyses based on hierarchical models of data. I describe the essentials required for applying modern methods of Bayesian computation, and I use real-world examples to illustrate these methods. I conclude by summarizing what I perceive to be the main strengths and weaknesses of using Bayesian methods to solve ecological inference problems. C1 [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov FU University of Tsukuba FX I thank Dr. Yukihiko Toquenaga for inviting me to present this article in a plenary symposium of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Society of Population Ecology in Tsukuba, Japan. I am also grateful to the Society and to the University of Tsukuba for providing funding for my travel expenses and publication costs. Chris Wikle and two anonymous referees kindly provided suggestions that improved an earlier draft of this article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 28 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 58 IS 1 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s10144-015-0503-4 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA4YA UT WOS:000367807500004 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Fuller, AK Sutherland, C AF Royle, J. Andrew Fuller, Angela K. Sutherland, Chris TI Spatial capture-recapture models allowing Markovian transience or dispersal SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Animal movement; Density estimation; Dispersal; Spatial capture-recapture; Spatially explicit capture-recapture; Transience ID POPULATION-DENSITY; HOME-RANGE; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; SITE FIDELITY; SURVIVAL; INDIVIDUALS; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; MOVEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models are a relatively recent development in quantitative ecology, and they are becoming widely used to model density in studies of animal populations using camera traps, DNA sampling and other methods which produce spatially explicit individual encounter information. One of the core assumptions of SCR models is that individuals possess home ranges that are spatially stationary during the sampling period. For many species, this assumption is unlikely to be met and, even for species that are typically territorial, individuals may disperse or exhibit transience at some life stages. In this paper we first conduct a simulation study to evaluate the robustness of estimators of density under ordinary SCR models when dispersal or transience is present in the population. Then, using both simulated and real data, we demonstrate that such models can easily be described in the BUGS language providing a practical framework for their analysis, which allows us to evaluate movement dynamics of species using capture-recapture data. We find that while estimators of density are extremely robust, even to pathological levels of movement (e.g., complete transience), the estimator of the spatial scale parameter of the encounter probability model is confounded with the dispersal/transience scale parameter. Thus, use of ordinary SCR models to make inferences about density is feasible, but interpretation of SCR model parameters in relation to movement should be avoided. Instead, when movement dynamics are of interest, such dynamics should be parameterized explicitly in the model. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sutherland, Chris] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov; angela.fuller@cornell.edu; csutherland@umass.edu OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU NSF [1059284, 0832782] FX Preliminary results of this research were presented by the authors at the 2014 Graybill/ENVR Conference: Modern Statistical Methods for Ecology, held September 7-10, 2014 at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. We thank Michael Schaub and 2 anonymous referees for their thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. Part of this research was performed using the ATLAS HPC Cluster, a compute cluster with 672 cores, 4 Tesla M2090 GPU accelerators, supported by NSF grants (Award # 1059284 and 0832782). NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 58 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s10144-015-0524-z PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA4YA UT WOS:000367807500006 ER PT J AU Jones, MD Dee, S Anderson, L Baker, A Bowen, G Noone, DC AF Jones, M. D. Dee, S. Anderson, L. Baker, A. Bowen, G. Noone, D. C. TI Water isotope systematics: Improving our palaeoclimate interpretations Introduction SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CIRCULATION MODEL; BIG DATA; VARIABILITY; DELTA-O-18; RESOLUTION; RECORDS; PRECIPITATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATION; RATIOS C1 [Jones, M. D.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Dee, S.] Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Anderson, L.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Baker, A.] Univ New S Wales, Connected Waters Initiat Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Bowen, G.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Noone, D. C.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Jones, MD (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM matthew.jones@nottingham.ac.uk OI Jones, Matthew/0000-0001-8116-5568; Dee, Sylvia/0000-0002-2140-785X FU Royal Society FX We thank all participants in the Water Isotopes session at the AGU Fall Meeting in 2013, and in particular we thank Mike Evans and John Gibson for their input and support. Initial ideas from this collection of papers were discussed whilst MDJ was the recipient of funding from the Royal Society to visit UNSW, and much of the editing was done whilst he was a Visiting Fellow in the School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management at the University of Queensland. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 131 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.014 PN B PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DA0MO UT WOS:000367491400001 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Berkelhammer, M Mast, MA AF Anderson, Lesleigh Berkelhammer, Max Mast, M. Alisa TI Isotopes in North American Rocky Mountain Snowpack 1993-2014 SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Snowpack; Stable isotopes; Temperature-delta O-18 relation; Orographic effect; Paleoclimate ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR; PRECIPITATION; DELTA-O-18; COLORADO; USA; TEMPERATURE; DELTA-H-2; PROFILES AB We present similar to 1300 new isotopic measurements (delta O-18 and delta H-2) from a network of snowpack sites in the Rocky Mountains that have been sampled since 1993. The network includes 177 locations where depthintegrated snow samples are collected each spring near peak accumulation. At 57 of these locations snowpack samples were obtained for 10-21 years and their isotopic measurements provide unprecedented spatial and temporal documentation of snowpack isotope values at mid-latitudes. For environments where snowfall accounts for the majority of annual precipitation, snowmelt is likely to have the strongest influence on isotope values retained in proxy archives. In this first presentation of the dataset we (1) describe the basic features of the isotope values in relation to the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL), (2) evaluate space for time substitutions traditionally used to establish delta O-18-temperature relations, (3) evaluate site-to-site similarities across the network and identify those that are the most regionally representative, (4) examine atmospheric circulation patterns for several years with spatially coherent isotope patterns, and (5) provide examples of the implications this new dataset has for interpreting paleoclimate records (Bison Lake, Colorado and Minnetonka Cave, Idaho). Results indicate that snowpack delta O-18 is rarely a simple proxy of temperature. Instead, it exhibits a high degree of spatial heterogeneity and temporal variance that reflect additional processes such as vapor transport and post-depositional modification. Despite these complexities we identify consistent climate-isotope patterns and regionally representative locations that serve to better define Holocene hydroclimate estimates and their uncertainty. Climate change has and will affect western U.S. snowpack and we suggest these changes can be better understood and anticipated by oxygen and hydrogen isotope-based reconstructions of Holocene hydroclimate using a process-based understanding of the controls on snowpack isotope ratios. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Anderson, Lesleigh] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Berkelhammer, Max] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Mast, M. Alisa] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM land@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development FX The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development supported this research. We thank George Ingersoll who has carried out and managed the snowpack collections for the USGS Rocky Mountain Snowpack Chemistry Network since the project's inception in 1993. Our sincere appreciation to Larry Benson for his contribution of isotope analyses, and to David Noone and Aleya Kaushik for assistance with water isotope measurements at the University of Colorado Boulder, and to Zach Lundeen for sharing the Minnetonka Cave isotope data. We appreciate our conceptual discussions with Bob Thompson and Greg Pederson, and assistance by Pam Bolan for subsampling, Paco Van Sistine for GIS support, and Laura Strickland and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 131 BP 262 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.023 PN B PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DA0MO UT WOS:000367491400003 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Wylie, BK AF Gu, Yingxin Wylie, Bruce K. TI Using satellite vegetation and compound topographic indices to map highly erodible cropland buffers for cellulosic biofuel crop developments in eastern Nebraska, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Cellulosic biofuel; Highly erodible cropland; Compound topographic index (CTI); High topographic relief waterway buffer; Switchgrass biomass productivity; Land management ID SWITCHGRASS BIOMASS PRODUCTION; MULTISPECIES RIPARIAN BUFFERS; PLATTE RIVER-BASIN; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; WATER-QUALITY; GREAT-PLAINS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; GRASSLAND BIRDS; CARBON AB Cultivating annual row crops in high topographic relief waterway buffers has negative environmental effects and can be environmentally unsustainable. Growing perennial grasses such as switchgrass (Panicum virgaturn L.) for biomass (e.g., cellulosic biofuel feedstocks) instead of annual row crops in these high relief waterway buffers can improve local environmental conditions (e.g., reduce soil erosion and improve water quality through lower use of fertilizers and pesticides) and ecosystem services (e.g., minimize drought and flood impacts on production; improve wildlife habitat, plant vigor, and nitrogen retention due to post-senescence harvest for cellulosic biofuels; and serve as carbon sinks). The main objectives of this study are to: (1) identify cropland areas with high topographic relief (high runoff potentials) and high switchgrass productivity potential in eastern Nebraska that may be suitable for growing switchgrass, and (2) estimate the total switchgrass production gain from the potential biofuel areas. Results indicate that about 140,000 hectares of waterway buffers in eastern Nebraska are suitable for switchgrass development and the total annual estimated switchgrass biomass production for these suitable areas is approximately 1.2 million metric tons. The resulting map delineates high topographic relief croplands and provides useful information to land managers and biofuel plant investors to make optimal land use decisions regarding biofuel crop development and ecosystem service optimization in eastern Nebraska. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gu, Yingxin] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), ASRC Res & Technol Solut, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov OI Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU USGS [G13PC00028]; USGS Land Change Science Program FX This work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028 and funded by the USGS Land Change Science Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels. The authors thank Sandra Poppenga and Bruce Worstell for providing the USGS 30-m high resolution CTI data. The authors thank Daniel M. Howard for providing yearly crop mask maps for Nebraska. The authors also thank Norman B. Bliss, Thomas Adamson, Sandra C. Cooper, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 60 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.019 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ9GW UT WOS:000367407000008 ER PT J AU Milner, AM Woodward, A Freilich, JE Black, RW Resh, VH AF Milner, Alexander M. Woodward, Andrea Freilich, Jerome E. Black, Robert W. Resh, Vincent H. TI Detecting significant change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in wilderness areas SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Rivers; Management; Variation; Biomonitoring; Impairment; Macroinvertebrates ID TAXONOMIC DISTINCTNESS; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; WATER; BIODIVERSITY; PERSISTENCE; CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY; STABILITY; RESPONSES AB A major challenge in the biological monitoring of stream ecosystems in protected wilderness areas is discerning whether temporal changes in community structure are significantly outside of a reference condition that represents natural or acceptable annual variation in population cycles. Otherwise sites could erroneously be classified as impaired. Long-term datasets are essential for understanding these trends, to ascertain whether any changes in community structure significantly beyond the reference condition are permanent shifts or with time move back to within previous limits. To this end, we searched for long-term (>8 years) quantitative data sets of macroinvertebrate communities in wadeable rivers collected by similar methods and time of year in protected wilderness areas with minimal anthropogenic disturbance. Four geographic areas with datasets that met these criteria in the USA were identified, namely: McLaughlin Nature Reserve in California (1 stream), Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennesse-North Carolina (14 streams), Wind River Wilderness Areas in Wyoming (3 streams) and Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska (6 streams). Two statistical approaches were applied: Taxonomic Distinctness (TD) to describe changes in diversity over time and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) to describe changes over time in community persistence (Jaccards Index) and community stability (Bray-Curtis Index). Control charts were used to determine if years in MDS plots were significantly outside a reference condition. For Hunting Creek, TD showed three years outside natural variation which could be attributed to severe hydrological events but years outside the natural-variation funnel at sites in other geographical areas were inconsistent and could not be explained by environmental variables. TD identified simulated severe pollutant events which caused the removal of entire invertebrate assemblages but not simulated water temperature shifts. Within a region, both MDS analyses typically identified similar years as exceeding reference condition variation, illustrating the utility of the approach for identifying wider spatial scale effects that influence more than one stream. MDS responded to both simulated water temperature stress and a pollutant event, and generally outlying years on MDS plots could be explained by environmental variables, particularly higher precipitation. Multivariate control charts successfully identified whether shifts in community structure identified by MDS were significant and whether the shift represented a press disturbance (long-term change) or a pulse disturbance. We consider a combination of TD and MDS with control charts to be a potentially powerful tool for determining years significantly outside of a reference condition variation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Milner, Alexander M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Milner, Alexander M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Woodward, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Freilich, Jerome E.] Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Black, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Resh, Vincent H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Milner, AM (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM a.m.milner@bham.ac.uk; awoodward@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 60 BP 524 EP 537 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.07.025 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ9GW UT WOS:000367407000054 ER PT J AU Pearlstine, L Lo Galbo, A Reynolds, G Parsons, JH Dean, T Alvarado, M Suir, K AF Pearlstine, Leonard Lo Galbo, Alicia Reynolds, Gregg Parsons, Janice Holly Dean, Tylan Alvarado, Mario Suir, Kevin TI Recurrence intervals of spatially simulated hydrologic metrics for restoration of Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) habitat SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Cape Sable seaside sparrow; Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis; Florida; Everglades; Marl prairie; Habitat model; Hydrologic suitability ID VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT AB Marl prairie, a diverse graminoid-dominated freshwater vegetation community in the Florida Everglades, provides a specialized niche for the federally endangered Cape Sable seaside sparrow (CSSS). This paper describes a regional habitat suitability modeling approach to evaluating how changes in management from Everglades restoration may affect the CSSS. The Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow Marl Prairie Indicator (CSSSMarlPrairie) is a spatially explicit model that integrates frequency (return periods) of target hydrologic conditions to simulate the anticipated response of marl prairie CSSS habitats to fluxing hydropatterns resulting from restoration projects, water management operations, and climatic change. The model integrates CSSS field survey data with the hydrologic targets at the resolution of the hydrologic simulation model (in this case, the Regional Simulation Model). The application of return periods for hydrologic events provides a novel approach for simulation of anticipated marl prairie responses in the southern Everglades and is readily applicable to evaluating targets-of modeled wetland restoration scenarios elsewhere. CSSSMarlPrairie is intended to be used for decision support, in association with a suite of ecological models for additional species of management concern, to facilitate planning of ecosystem restoration projects such as those in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan and recovery of the marl prairie habitats of the CSSS. A tentatively selected restoration plan for the central Everglades is projected to have mostly minor overall impacts to marl prairie CSSS habitats. Local substantial habitat shifts in and adjacent to designated habitat boundaries have been identified, however, that warrant management consideration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pearlstine, Leonard; Reynolds, Gregg; Parsons, Janice Holly; Dean, Tylan; Alvarado, Mario] Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Lo Galbo, Alicia] US Army Corps Engineers, Planning & Policy Branch, Div Water Resources, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. [Suir, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Pearlstine, L (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. EM Leonard_Pearlstine@nps.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 60 BP 1252 EP 1262 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.09.018 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ9GW UT WOS:000367407000124 ER PT J AU Di Giallonardo, F Geoghegan, JL Docherty, DE McLean, RG Zody, MC Qu, J Yang, X Birren, BW Malboeuf, CM Newman, RM Ip, HS Holmes, EC AF Di Giallonardo, Francesca Geoghegan, Jemma L. Docherty, Douglas E. McLean, Robert G. Zody, Michael C. Qu, James Yang, Xiao Birren, Bruce W. Malboeuf, Christine M. Newman, Ruchi M. Ip, Hon S. Holmes, Edward C. TI Fluid Spatial Dynamics of West Nile Virus in the United States: Rapid Spread in a Permissive Host Environment SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; NORTH-AMERICAN BIRDS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SUBURBAN CHICAGO; DENGUE VIRUS; TIME-SCALE; GENOTYPE AB The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 is a classic example of viral emergence in a new environment, with its subsequent dispersion across the continent having a major impact on local bird populations. Despite the importance of this epizootic, the pattern, dynamics, and determinants of WNV spread in its natural hosts remain uncertain. In particular, it is unclear whether the virus encountered major barriers to transmission, or spread in an unconstrained manner, and if specific viral lineages were favored over others indicative of intrinsic differences in fitness. To address these key questions in WNV evolution and ecology, we sequenced the complete genomes of approximately 300 avian isolates sampled across the United States between 2001 and 2012. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a relatively star-like tree structure, indicative of explosive viral spread in the United States, although with some replacement of viral genotypes through time. These data are striking in that viral sequences exhibit relatively limited clustering according to geographic region, particularly for those viruses sampled from birds, and no strong phylogenetic association with well-sampled avian species. The genome sequence data analyzed here also contain relatively little evidence for adaptive evolution, particularly of structural proteins, suggesting that most viral lineages are of similar fitness and that WNV is well adapted to the ecology of mosquito vectors and diverse avian hosts in the United States. In sum, the molecular evolution of WNV in North America depicts a largely unfettered expansion within a permissive host and geographic population with little evidence of major adaptive barriers. IMPORTANCE How viruses spread in new host and geographic environments is central to understanding the emergence and evolution of novel infectious diseases and for predicting their likely impact. The emergence of the vector-borne West Nile virus (WNV) in North America in 1999 represents a classic example of this process. Using approximately 300 new viral genomes sampled from wild birds, we show that WNV experienced an explosive spread with little geographical or host constraints within birds and relatively low levels of adaptive evolution. From its introduction into the state of New York, WNV spread across the United States, reaching California and Florida within 4 years, a migration that is clearly reflected in our genomic sequence data, and with a general absence of distinct geographical clusters of bird viruses. However, some geographically distinct viral lineages were found to circulate in mosquitoes, likely reflecting their limited long-distance movement compared to avian species. C1 [Di Giallonardo, Francesca; Geoghegan, Jemma L.; Holmes, Edward C.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Marie Bashir Inst Infect Dis & Biosecur, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Di Giallonardo, Francesca; Geoghegan, Jemma L.; Holmes, Edward C.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Docherty, Douglas E.; McLean, Robert G.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Zody, Michael C.; Qu, James; Yang, Xiao; Birren, Bruce W.; Malboeuf, Christine M.; Newman, Ruchi M.] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Holmes, EC (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Marie Bashir Inst Infect Dis & Biosecur, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM edward.holmes@sydney.edu.au OI Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 FU HHS\ NIH\ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [HHSN272200900018C]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [P2ZHP3_151594]; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [AF30] FX HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) provided funding to Michael C. Zody, James Qu, Xiao Yang, Bruce Birren, Christine M. Malboeuf, and Ruchi M. Newman under grant number HHSN272200900018C. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) provided funding to Francesca Di Giallonardo under grant number P2ZHP3_151594. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) provided funding to Edward C. Holmes under grant number AF30. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 90 IS 2 BP 862 EP 872 DI 10.1128/JVI.02305-15 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA DA1AE UT WOS:000367527900022 ER PT J AU Albano, CM Dettinger, MD McCarthy, MI Schaller, KD Welborn, TL Cox, DA AF Albano, Christine M. Dettinger, Michael D. McCarthy, Maureen I. Schaller, Kevin D. Welborn, Toby L. Cox, Dale A. TI Application of an extreme winter storm scenario to identify vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the Sierra Nevada mountains, USA SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Winter storm hazards; Flood; Emergency preparedness; Emergency management; Scenario; ARkStorm ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA; FORECASTS; WEATHER; WASHINGTON; IMPACTS; LOSSES; FLOODS AB In the Sierra Nevada mountains (USA), and geographically similar areas across the globe where human development is expanding, extreme winter storm and flood risks are expected to increase with changing climate, heightening the need for communities to assess risks and better prepare for such events. In this case study, we demonstrate a novel approach to examining extreme winter storm and flood risks. We incorporated high-resolution atmospheric-hydrologic modeling of the ARkStorm extreme winter storm scenario with multiple modes of engagement with practitioners, including a series of facilitated discussions and a tabletop emergency management exercise, to develop a regional assessment of extreme storm vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the greater Lake Tahoe region of Northern Nevada and California, USA. Through this process, practitioners discussed issues of concern across all phases of the emergency management life cycle, including preparation, response, recovery, and mitigation. Interruption of transportation, communications, and interagency coordination were among the most pressing concerns, and specific approaches for addressing these issues were identified, including prepositioning resources, diversifying communications systems, and improving coordination among state, tribal, and public utility practitioners. Science needs included expanding real-time monitoring capabilities to improve the precision of meteorological models and enhance situational awareness, assessing vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure, and conducting cost-benefit analyses to assess opportunities to improve both natural and human-made infrastructure to better withstand extreme storms. Our approach and results can be used to support both land use and emergency planning activities aimed toward increasing community resilience to extreme winter storm hazards in mountainous regions. C1 [Albano, Christine M.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Albano, Christine M.] Conservat Sci Partners, Truckee, CA USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McCarthy, Maureen I.] Univ Nevada, Tahoe Sci Consortium, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [McCarthy, Maureen I.] Univ Nevada, Acad Environm, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Schaller, Kevin D.] Resiliency Partners, Reno, NV USA. [Welborn, Toby L.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV USA. [Cox, Dale A.] US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Risk Reduct, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Albano, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM calbano@ucdavis.edu FU US Geological Survey (Science Application Risk Reduction Project); University of Nevada-Reno Academy for the Environment; US Department of the Interior Southwest Climate Science Center FX We are very grateful to our agency partners Aaron Kenneston, Tim Cary, Ed Evans, Madonna Dunbar, and Gina Marotto, who brought their expertise and communities together and shared their facilities for the ARkStorm@Tahoe practitioner meetings and tabletop exercise. Several other individuals contributed to development of technical products, including National Weather Service partners: Chris Smallcomb, Mark Faucette, Alan Haynes, and Gary Barbato, Andre Leamons (Bureau of Reclamation), Desert Research Institute partners: Justin Huntington, Tim Brown, Domagoj Podnar, and Hauss Reinbold, Rich Niswonger (US Geological Survey), and University of California, Davis partners: Geoff Schladow and Galoka Sahoo. This project would not have been possible without the active and engaged participation of over 130 public and private sector organizations represented by over 300 individuals. Their perspective and candid assessment of impacts of an ARkStorm event in the region and discussion of possible mitigation actions formed the basis of the findings presented in this manuscript. We also gratefully acknowledge funding and support from the US Geological Survey (Science Application Risk Reduction Project), the University of Nevada-Reno Academy for the Environment and the US Department of the Interior Southwest Climate Science Center. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2016 VL 80 IS 2 BP 879 EP 900 DI 10.1007/s11069-015-2003-4 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CZ7UI UT WOS:000367305200011 ER PT J AU Priest, GR Stimely, LL Wood, NJ Madin, IP Watzig, RJ AF Priest, George R. Stimely, Laura L. Wood, Nathan J. Madin, Ian P. Watzig, Rudie J. TI Beat-the-wave evacuation mapping for tsunami hazards in Seaside, Oregon, USA SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami evacuation difficulty; Seaside, Oregon; Anisotropic path distance; Cascadia; Earthquake ID POPULATION EXPOSURE AB Previous pedestrian evacuation modeling for tsunamis has not considered variable wave arrival times or critical junctures (e.g., bridges), and did not effectively communicate multiple evacuee travel speeds. We summarize an approach that identifies evacuation corridors, recognizes variable wave arrival times, and produces a map of minimum pedestrian travel speeds to reach safety, termed a "beat-the-wave" (BTW) evacuation analysis. We demonstrate the improved approach by evaluating difficulty of pedestrian evacuation of Seaside, Oregon, for a local tsunami generated by a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. We establish evacuation paths by calculating the least-cost distance (LCD) to safety for every grid cell in a tsunami hazard zone using geospatial, anisotropic path distance algorithms. Minimum BTW speed to safety on LCD paths is calculated for every grid cell by dividing surface distance from that cell to safety by the tsunami arrival time at safety. We evaluated three scenarios of evacuation difficulty: (1) all bridges are intact with a 5-min evacuation delay from the start of earthquake, (2) only retrofitted bridges are considered intact with a 5-min delay, and (3) only retrofitted bridges are considered intact with a 10-min delay. BTW maps also take into account critical evacuation points along complex shorelines (e.g., peninsulas, bridges over shore-parallel estuaries) where evacuees could be caught by tsunami waves. The BTW map is able to communicate multiple pedestrian travel speeds, which are typically visualized by multiple maps with current LCD-based mapping practices. Results demonstrate that evacuation of Seaside is problematic seaward of the shore-parallel waterways for those with any limitations on mobility. Tsunami vertical evacuation refuges or additional pedestrian bridges may be effective ways of reducing loss of life seaward of these waterways. C1 [Priest, George R.; Stimely, Laura L.] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Madin, Ian P.; Watzig, Rudie J.] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Portland, OR USA. RP Priest, GR (reprint author), Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, POB 1033, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM george.priest@dogami.state.or.us; laura.stimely@state.or.us; nwood@usgs.gov; Ian.Madin@dogami.state.or.us; Rudie.Watzig@dogami.state.or.us OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program [NA13NWS4670013]; US Geological Survey Land Change Science Program FX This project was funded under award #NA13NWS4670013 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program and by the US Geological Survey Land Change Science Program. We thank Mara Tongue and Jeanne Jones of the USGS, Mathew Schmidtlein of California State University Sacramento and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2016 VL 80 IS 2 BP 1031 EP 1056 DI 10.1007/s11069-015-2011-4 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CZ7UI UT WOS:000367305200018 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Duniway, MC Johanson, JK AF Munson, Seth M. Duniway, Michael C. Johanson, Jamin K. TI Rangeland Monitoring Reveals Long-term Plant Responses to Precipitation and Grazing at the Landscape Scale SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bureau of Land Management; climate and land use change; Colorado Plateau; ecological sites; state-and-transition models; vegetation monitoring ID TRANSITION MODELS; LAND; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCES; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; STATES AB Managers of rangeland ecosystems require methods to track the condition of natural resources over large areas and long periods of time as they confront climate change and land use intensification. We demonstrate how rangeland monitoring results can be synthesized using ecological site concepts to understand how climate, site factors, and management actions affect long-term vegetation dynamics at the landscape-scale. Forty-six years of rangeland monitoring conducted by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) on the Colorado Plateau reveals variable responses of plant species cover to cool-season precipitation, land type (ecological site groups), and grazing intensity. Dominant C-3 perennial grasses (Achnatherum hymenoides, Hesperostipa comata), which are essential to support wildlife and livestock on the Colorado Plateau, had responses to cool-season precipitation that were at least twice as large as the dominant C-4 perennial grass (Pleuraphis jamesii) and woody vegetation. However, these C-3 perennial grass responses to precipitation were reduced by nearly one-third on grassland ecological sites with fine-rather than coarse-textured soils, and there were no detectable C-3 perennial grass responses to precipitation on ecological sites dominated by a dense-growing shrub, Coleogyne ramosissima. Heavy grazing intensity further reduced the responses of C-3 perennial grasses to cool-season precipitation on ecological sites with coarse-textured soils and surprisingly reduced the responses of shrubs as well. By using ecological site groups to assess rangeland condition, wewere able to improve our understanding of the long-termrelationships between vegetation change and climate, land use, and site characteristics, which has important implications for developing landscape-scale monitoring strategies. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Range Management. C1 [Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Johanson, Jamin K.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Richfield, UT 84701 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Natural Resources Conservation Service FX This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends Program, Data Rescue Program, Climate and Land-Use Program, and support from the Natural Resources Conservation Service. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 23 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 69 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2015.09.004 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ8YY UT WOS:000367386200010 ER PT J AU Boot, CM Hall, EK Denef, K Baron, JS AF Boot, Claudia M. Hall, Ed K. Denef, Karolien Baron, Jill S. TI Long-term reactive nitrogen loading alters soil carbon and microbial community properties in a subalpine forest ecosystem SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen deposition; Microbial biomass; Soil carbon cycling; Enzymes; Microbial community ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; COLORADO ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; ORGANIC-MATTER; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; DEPOSITION; RESPONSES; FERTILIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS AB Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition due to increased fossil fuel combustion and agricultural practices has altered global carbon (C) cycling. Additions of reactive N to N-limited environments are typically accompanied by increases in plant biomass. Soil C dynamics, however, have shown a range of different responses to the addition of reactive N that seem to be ecosystem dependent. We evaluated the effect of N amendments on biogeochemical characteristics and microbial responses of subalpine forest organic soils in order to develop a mechanistic understanding of how soils are affected by N amendments in subalpine ecosystems. We measured a suite of responses across three years (2011-2013) during two seasons (spring and fall). Following 17 years of N amehdments, fertilized soils were more acidic (control mean 5.09, fertilized mean 4.68), and had lower %C (control mean 33.7% C, fertilized mean 29.8%.C) and microbial biomass C by 22% relative to control plots. Shifts in biogeochemical properties in fertilized plots were associated with an altered microbial community driven by reduced arbuscular mycorrhizal (control mean 3.2 mol%, fertilized mean 2.5 mol%) and saprotrophic fungal groups (control mean 17.0 mol%, fertilized mean 15.2 mol%), as well as a decrease in N degrading microbial enzyme activity. Our results suggest that decreases in soil C in subalpine forests were in part driven by increased microbial degradation of soil organic matter and reduced inputs to soil organic matter in the form of microbial biomass. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boot, Claudia M.; Hall, Ed K.; Denef, Karolien; Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hall, Ed K.; Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Denef, Karolien] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Cent Instrument Facil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Boot, CM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM claudia.boot@colostate.edu RI Hall, Ed/C-6013-2014; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Boot, Claudia/0000-0002-1487-242X FU USGS Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) [G14AC00356]; USGS Mendenhall Fellowship [GX11RB00CMY4A00] FX We would like to thank Cathy Stewart for assistance with PLFA analyses, Laurel Lynch and Lauren Manzoni for assistance with enzymes assays, Jared Heath for field assistance, Lisa Windom for extraction and collection and Guy Beresford for assistance with qPCR. We also acknowledge the USGS Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) (G14AC00356) and a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship (GX11RB00CMY4A00) awarded to EK Hall for funding. Ideas in this manuscript were improved by participation the John Wesley Powell Center Next Generation of Ecological Indicators Working Group. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 93 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 92 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.002 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA DA0LD UT WOS:000367487700022 ER PT J AU Constantz, J AF Constantz, Jim TI Streambeds merit recognition as a scientific discipline SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER LA English DT Article ID GRAVEL AB Streambeds are generally viewed as simply sediments beneath streams, sediments topping alluvial aquifers, or sediments housing aquatic life, rather than as distinct geographic features comparable to soils and surficial geologic materials within watersheds. Streambeds should be viewed as akin to soils. Specifically, soils are often described as surficial sediments created largely by atmospheric weathering of underlying geologic parent material. Similarly, streambeds should be described as submerged sediments created largely by streamflow modification of underlying geologic parent material. Streambeds are overdue for recognition as their own scientific discipline alongside numerous other well-recognized disciplines within watersheds. The point is stated that hyporheic zones are regularly considered comparable to streambeds, but this is as misguided as equating unsaturated zones to soils. Streambeds and soils are physical geographic features of relatively constant volume, while hyporheic and unsaturated zones are hydrologic features of varying volume. This opinion piece suggests Streambed Science as the proposed discipline, requiring well-designed protocols to physically characterize streambeds and develop streambed taxonomy for suitable recognition. WIREs Water 2016, 3:13-18. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1119 For further resources related to this article, please visit the . C1 [Constantz, Jim] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Constantz, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jconstan@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA EI 2049-1948 J9 WIRES-WATER JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1002/wat2.1119 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CZ8NL UT WOS:000367356300002 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Werner, B Guntenspergen, GR AF Johnson, W. Carter Werner, Brett Guntenspergen, Glenn R. TI Non-linear responses of glaciated prairie wetlands to climate warming SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SAFE OPERATING SPACE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; POTHOLE REGION; GREAT-PLAINS; VULNERABILITY; THRESHOLDS; SIMULATION; HUMANITY; STATES AB The response of ecosystems to climate warming is likely to include threshold events when small changes in key environmental drivers produce large changes in an ecosystem. Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) are especially sensitive to climate variability, yet the possibility that functional changes may occur more rapidly with warming than expected has not been examined or modeled. The productivity and biodiversity of these wetlands are strongly controlled by the speed and completeness of a vegetation cover cycle driven by the wet and dry extremes of climate. Two thresholds involving duration and depth of standing water must be exceeded every few decades or so to complete the cycle and to produce highly functional wetlands. Model experiments at 19 weather stations employing incremental warming scenarios determined that wetland function across most of the PPR would be diminished beyond a climate warming of about 1.5-2.0 A degrees C, a critical temperature threshold range identified in other climate change studies. C1 [Johnson, W. Carter] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Werner, Brett] Ctr Coll Danville, Environm Studies, Danville, KY 40422 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM carter.johnson@sdstate.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Science To Achieve Results (STAR) program; US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX Research for this manuscript was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Science To Achieve Results (STAR) program, managed by the EPA's Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Research, and the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. We thank the WETLANDSCAPE development team for collaboration throughout the project, including Karen Poiani, Richard Voldseth, Bruce Millett, Tagir Gilmanov, David Naugle, John Tracy, and Rosemary Carroll. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2016 VL 134 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1534-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ6GJ UT WOS:000367198900015 ER PT J AU Patrick, MR Orr, T Sutton, AJ Lev, E Thelen, W Fee, D AF Patrick, Matthew R. Orr, Tim Sutton, A. J. Lev, Einat Thelen, Wes Fee, David TI Shallowly driven fluctuations in lava lake outgassing (gas pistoning), Kilauea Volcano SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lava lake; Kilauea; volcano monitoring; gas emissions ID HAWAII; FRAGMENTATION; STROMBOLI; ERUPTIONS; DYNAMICS; MODELS; DEPTH AB Lava lakes provide ideal venues for directly observing and understanding the nature of outgassing in basaltic magmatic systems. Kilauea Volcano's summit lava lake has persisted for several years, during which seismic and infrasonic tremor amplitudes have exhibited episodic behavior associated with a rise and fall of the lava surface ("gas pistoning"). Since 2010, the outgassing regime of the lake has been tied to the presence or absence of gas pistoning. During normal behavior (no gas pistoning), the lake is in a "spattering" regime, consisting of higher tremor amplitudes and gas emissions. In comparison, gas piston events are associated with an abrupt rise in lava level (up to 20 m), during which the lake enters a "non-spattering" regime with greatly decreased tremor and gas emissions. We study this episodic behavior using long-term multidisciplinary monitoring of the lake, including seismicity, infrasound, gas emission and geochemistry, and time-lapse camera observations. The non-spattering regime (i.e. rise phase of a gas piston cycle) reflects gas bubbles accumulating near the top of the lake, perhaps as a shallow foam, while spattering regimes represent more efficient decoupling of gas from the lake. We speculate that the gas pistoning might be controlled by time-varying porosity and/or permeability in the upper portions of the lava lake, which may modulate foam formation and collapse. Competing models for gas pistoning, such as deeply sourced gas slugs, or dynamic pressure balances, are not consistent with our observations. Unlike other lava lakes which have cyclic behavior that is thought to be controlled by deeply sourced processes, external to the lake itself, we show an example of lava lake fluctuations driven by cycles of activity at shallow depth and close to the lake's surface. These observations highlight the complex and unsteady nature of outgassing from basaltic magmatic systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Patrick, Matthew R.; Orr, Tim; Sutton, A. J.; Thelen, Wes] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Lev, Einat] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpatrick@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Science Center; NSF [EAR-1348022]; University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute FX HVO staff assisted in the collection of the data in this study. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Science Center. Lev was supported by NSF grant EAR-1348022. Fee was supported by the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute. Reviews by M. James, J. Lyons and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript substantially. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 433 BP 326 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.10.052 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CZ5CP UT WOS:000367120300033 ER PT J AU Roberts, JH Angermeier, PL Hallerman, EM AF Roberts, James H. Angermeier, Paul L. Hallerman, Eric M. TI Extensive dispersal of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) inferred from genetic marker data SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE darter; dispersal; microsatellite DNA; isolation by distance; pedigree reconstruction; stream fish ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; STREAM FISHES; MICROSATELLITE DATA; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; EMPIRICAL-EVALUATION; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; SIBSHIP INFERENCE AB The dispersal ecology of most stream fishes is poorly characterised, complicating conservation efforts for these species. We used microsatellite DNA marker data to characterise dispersal patterns and effective population size (N-e) for a population of Roanoke logperch Percina rex, an endangered darter (Percidae). Juveniles and candidate parents were sampled for 2years at sites throughout the Roanoke River watershed. Dispersal was inferred via genetic assignment tests (ATs), pedigree reconstruction (PR) and estimation of lifetime dispersal distance under a genetic isolation-by-distance model. Estimates of N-e varied from 105 to 1218 individuals, depending on the estimation method. Based on PR, polygamy was frequent in parents of both sexes, with individuals spawning with an average of 2.4 mates. The sample contained 61 half-sibling pairs, but only one parent-offspring pair and no full-sib pairs, which limited our ability to discriminate natal dispersal of juveniles from breeding dispersal of their parents between spawning events. Nonetheless, all methods indicated extensive dispersal. The AT indicated unrestricted dispersal among sites 15km apart, while siblings inferred by the PR were captured an average of 14km and up to 55km apart. Model-based estimates of median lifetime dispersal distance (6-24km, depending on assumptions) bracketed AT and PR estimates, indicating that widely dispersed individuals do, on average, contribute to gene flow. Extensive dispersal of P.rex suggests that darters and other small benthic stream fishes may be unexpectedly mobile. Monitoring and management activities for such populations should encompass entire watersheds to fully capture population dynamics. C1 [Roberts, James H.; Angermeier, Paul L.; Hallerman, Eric M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Roberts, JH (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM jhroberts@georgiasouthern.edu FU Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Virginia Tech [08-106FIW, 11-035-FIW]; U.S. Geological Survey; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Wildlife Management Institute; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This study was funded by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. We thank D. Dutton and J. Printz for invaluable help in the laboratory; D. Dutton, M. Foster, B. Neuswanger, B. Schmidt and B. Blood for assistance with field collections; and E. Frimpong for access to his supercomputer. The manuscript benefitted from the helpful comments of A. Dolloff, P. Grobler, Y. Kanno and M. Kelly. This work was carried out under the auspices of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols 08-106FIW and 11-035-FIW at Virginia Tech. The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit was jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. Funding for E.H.'s participation in this work was provided in part by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Use of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1111/eff.12177 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CY6LD UT WOS:000366519600001 ER PT J AU Westhoff, JT Paukert, C Ettinger-Dietzel, S Dodd, H Siepker, M AF Westhoff, Jacob T. Paukert, Craig Ettinger-Dietzel, Sarah Dodd, Hope Siepker, Michael TI Behavioural thermoregulation and bioenergetics of riverine smallmouth bass associated with ambient cold-period thermal refuge SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE smallmouth bass; thermal refuge; bioenergetics; movement; growth; archival tag ID STREAM HABITAT; CHINOOK SALMON; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; WATER TEMPERATURES; FISH POPULATIONS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AMERICAN SHAD; UNITED-STATES AB Smallmouth bass in thermally heterogeneous streams may behaviourally thermoregulate during the cold period (i.e., groundwater temperature greater than river water temperature) by inhabiting warm areas in the stream that result from high groundwater influence or springs. Our objectives were to determine movement of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) that use thermal refuge and project differences in growth and consumption among smallmouth bass exhibiting different thermal-use patterns. We implanted radio transmitters in 29 smallmouth bass captured in Alley Spring on the Jacks Fork River, Missouri, USA, during the winter of 2012. Additionally, temperature archival tags were implanted in a subset of nine fish. Fish were tracked using radio telemetry monthly from January 2012 through January of 2013. The greatest upstream movement was 42.5km, and the greatest downstream movement was 22.2km. Most radio tagged fish (69%) departed Alley Spring when daily maximum river water temperature first exceeded that of the spring (14 degrees C) and during increased river discharge. Bioenergetic modelling predicted that a 350g migrating smallmouth bass that used cold-period thermal refuge would grow 16% slower at the same consumption level as a fish that did not seek thermal refuge. Contrary to the bioenergetics models, extrapolation of growth scope results suggested migrating fish grow 29% more than fish using areas of stream with little groundwater influence. Our results contradict previous findings that smallmouth bass are relatively sedentary, provide information about potential cues for migratory behaviour, and give insight to managers regarding use and growth of smallmouth bass in thermally heterogeneous river systems. C1 [Westhoff, Jacob T.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Paukert, Craig] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ettinger-Dietzel, Sarah] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO USA. [Ettinger-Dietzel, Sarah; Siepker, Michael] Missouri Dept Conservat, Resource Sci Div, West Plains, MO USA. [Dodd, Hope] Natl Pk Serv, Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network, Republic, MO USA. RP Westhoff, JT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM westhoffj@missouri.edu FU Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Geological Survey through the Natural Resources Preservation Program; National Park Service, Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network Student Grant through Missouri State University FX The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Natural Resources Preservation Program and the National Park Service, Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network Student Grant through Missouri State University. Experimental procedures involving animal research were approved by the University of Missouri Animal Care and Use Committee as protocol 7168. Any use of trade produce or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data collection assistance was provided by J. Ackerson, T. Boersig III, J. Harris, J. Knerr, N. Sievert, J. Westhoff and D. Whiting. Project design was aided by V. Grant and C. Rabeni. The manuscript was improved by comments from Daniel Dauwalter and two anonymous reviewers. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 72 EP 85 DI 10.1111/eff.12192 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CY6LD UT WOS:000366519600007 ER PT J AU Turek, KC Pegg, MA Pope, KL Schainost, S AF Turek, Kelly C. Pegg, Mark A. Pope, Kevin L. Schainost, Steve TI Potential population and assemblage influences of non-native trout on native nongame fish in Nebraska headwater streams SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE non-native trout; longnose dace; assemblage structure; size structure; white sucker ID CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; LONGNOSE-DACE; WHITE SUCKER; GROWTH; AGE AB Non-native trout are currently stocked to support recreational fisheries in headwater streams throughout Nebraska. The influence of non-native trout introductions on native fish populations and their role in structuring fish assemblages in these systems is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) if the size structure or relative abundance of native fish differs in the presence and absence of non-native trout, (ii) if native fish-assemblage structure differs in the presence and absence of non-native trout and (iii) if native fish-assemblage structure differs across a gradient in abundances of non-native trout. Longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae were larger in the presence of brown trout Salmo trutta and smaller in the presence of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss compared to sites without trout. There was also a greater proportion of larger white suckers Catostomus commersonii in the presence of brown trout. Creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus and fathead minnow Pimephales promelas size structures were similar in the presence and absence of trout. Relative abundances of longnose dace, white sucker, creek chub and fathead minnow were similar in the presence and absence of trout, but there was greater distinction in native fish-assemblage structure between sites with trout compared to sites without trout as trout abundances increased. These results suggest increased risk to native fish assemblages in sites with high abundances of trout. However, more research is needed to determine the role of non-native trout in structuring native fish assemblages in streams, and the mechanisms through which introduced trout may influence native fish populations. C1 [Turek, Kelly C.; Pegg, Mark A.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Turek, Kelly C.] Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Schainost, Steve] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Alliance, NE USA. RP Turek, KC (reprint author), 321 Hardin Hall 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kturek@huskers.unl.edu FU State Wildlife Grants Program [T-79-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Thomas Kwak for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript, Dr. Christopher Chizinski for assistance with data analyses in R and technicians for field assistance. This project was funded by State Wildlife Grants Program project T-79-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1111/eff.12194 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CY6LD UT WOS:000366519600009 ER PT J AU Heim, KC Wipfli, MS Whitman, MS Seitz, AC AF Heim, Kurt C. Wipfli, Mark S. Whitman, Matthew S. Seitz, Andrew C. TI Body size and condition influence migration timing of juvenile Arctic grayling SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE fish migration; individual migration timing; body condition; body size; Arctic grayling ID THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; WINTER SURVIVAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAINBOW-TROUT; COASTAL-PLAIN; BROWN TROUT; ALASKA; GROWTH; STREAM AB Freshwater fishes utilising seasonally available habitats within annual migratory circuits time movements out of such habitats with changing hydrology, although individual attributes of fish may also mediate the behavioural response to environmental conditions. We tagged juvenile Arctic grayling in a seasonally flowing stream on the Arctic Coastal Plain in Alaska and recorded migration timing towards overwintering habitat. We examined the relationship between individual migration date, and fork length (FL) and body condition index (BCI) for fish tagged in June, July and August in three separate models. Larger fish migrated earlier; however, only the August model suggested a significant relationship with BCI. In this model, 42% of variability in migration timing was explained by FL and BCI, and fish in better condition were predicted to migrate earlier than those in poor condition. Here, the majority (33%) of variability was captured by FL with an additional 9% attributable to BCI. We also noted strong seasonal trends in BCI reflecting overwinter mass loss and subsequent growth within the study area. These results are interpreted in the context of size and energetic state-specific risks of overwinter starvation and mortality (which can be very high in the Arctic), which may influence individuals at greater risk to extend summer foraging in a risky, yet prey rich, habitat. Our research provides further evidence that heterogeneity among individuals within a population can influence migratory behaviour and identifies potential risks to late season migrants in Arctic beaded stream habitats influenced by climate change and petroleum development. C1 [Heim, Kurt C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Whitman, Matthew S.] Bur Land Management, Arctic Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Seitz, Andrew C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Heim, KC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM kurtcheim@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Bureau of Land Management FX This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and completed in partial fulfilment of a Masters degree of Fisheries at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Thanks to J. Falke and two anonymous reviewers for comments on early drafts of this manuscript, J. Adams and J. McFarland who provided valuable guidance throughout the project, field technicians L. Flynn, N. Sather, L. Vanden Busch and S. Yocom, and to M. Heim for her continued encouragement. This study was performed under University of Alaska Fairbanks IACUC protocol #309893. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1111/eff.12199 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CY6LD UT WOS:000366519600014 ER PT J AU Flitcroft, RL Falke, JA Reeves, GH Hessburg, PF McNyset, KM Benda, LE AF Flitcroft, Rebecca L. Falke, Jeffrey A. Reeves, Gordon H. Hessburg, Paul F. McNyset, Kris M. Benda, Lee E. TI Wildfire may increase habitat quality for spring Chinook salmon in the Wenatchee River subbasin, WA, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Spring Chinook salmon; Watershed-scale; Population resilience; Bayesian model; Life stages ID OREGON COAST RANGE; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; STREAM TEMPERATURES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UNITED-STATES; NATIVE FISHES AB Pacific Northwest salmonids are adapted to natural disturbance regimes that create dynamic habitat patterns over space and through time. However, human land use, particularly long-term fire suppression, has altered the intensity and frequency of wildfire in forested upland and riparian areas. To examine the potential impacts of wildfire on aquatic systems, we developed stream-reach-scale models of freshwater habitat for three life stages (adult, egg/fry, and juvenile) of spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Wenatchee River subbasin, Washington. We used variables representing pre- and post-fire habitat conditions and employed novel techniques to capture changes in in-stream fine sediment, wood, and water temperature. Watershed-scale comparisons of high-quality habitat for each life stage of spring Chinook salmon habitat suggested that there are smaller quantities of high-quality juvenile overwinter habitat as compared to habitat for other life stages. We found that wildfire has the potential to increase quality of adult and overwintering juvenile habitat through increased delivery of wood, while decreasing the quality of egg and fry habitat due to the introduction of fine sediments. Model results showed the largest effect of fire on habitat quality associated with the juvenile life stage, resulting in increases in high-quality habitat in all watersheds. Due to the limited availability of pre-fire high-quality juvenile habitat, and increased habitat quality for this life stage post-fire, occurrence of characteristic wildfires would likely create a positive effect on spring Chinook salmon habitat in the Wenatchee River subbasin. We also compared pre- and post-fire model results of freshwater habitat for each life stage, and for the geometric mean of habitat quality across all life stages, using current compared to the historic distribution of spring Chinook salmon. We found that spring Chinook salmon are currently distributed in stream channels in which in-stream habitat for most life stages has a consistently positive response to fire. This compares to the historic distribution of spring Chinook, in which in-stream habitat exhibited a variable response to fire, including decreases in habitat quality overall or for specific life stages. This suggests that as the distribution of spring Chinook has decreased, they now occupy those areas with the most positive potential response to fire. Our work shows the potentially positive link between wildfire and aquatic habitat that supports forest managers in setting broader goals for fire management, perhaps leading to less fire suppression in some situations. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Flitcroft, Rebecca L.; Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Falke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hessburg, Paul F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [McNyset, Kris M.] NOAA Affiliate, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Benda, Lee E.] Earth Syst Inst, Mt Shasta, CA 96067 USA. RP Flitcroft, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rflitcroft@fs.fed.us; jeffrey.Falke@alaska.edu; greeves@fs.fed.us; phessburg@fs.fed.us; Kristina.McNyset@noaa.gov; leebenda@terrainworks.com FU Joint Fire Sciences Program; USDA Forest Service FX Ken Vance-Borland, Kelly Christiansen, Kathryn Ronnenberg. Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest aquatic and terrestrial biologists, hydrologist, and foresters. Funding for much of this research came from the Joint Fire Sciences Program and the USDA Forest Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We also thank Robert Gresswell and two other anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. NR 113 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 359 BP 126 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.049 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CZ0IX UT WOS:000366789500015 ER PT J AU Mahoney, KR Russell, KR Ford, WM Rodrigue, JL Riddle, JD Schuler, TM Adams, MB AF Mahoney, Kathleen R. Russell, Kevin R. Ford, W. Mark Rodrigue, Jane L. Riddle, Jason D. Schuler, Thomas M. Adams, Mary Beth TI Woodland salamander responses to a shelterwood harvest-prescribed burn silvicultural treatment within Appalachian mixed-oak forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Plethodon ochrophaeus; Plethodon glutinosus; Plethodon cinereus; Timber harvest; Prescribed fire; Central Appalachians ID SHORT-TERM RESPONSE; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; HARDWOOD FOREST; FUEL REDUCTION; TIMBER HARVEST; NORTH-AMERICA; SMALL MAMMALS; FIRE; ABUNDANCE AB Forest management practices that mimic natural canopy disturbances, including prescribed fire and timber harvests, may reduce competition and facilitate establishment of favorable vegetative species within various ecosystems. Fire suppression in the central Appalachian region for almost a century has contributed to a transition from oak-dominated to more mesophytic, fire-intolerant forest communities. Prescribed fire coupled with timber removal is currently implemented to aid in oak regeneration and establishment but responses of woodland salamanders to this complex silvicultural system is poorly documented. The purpose of our research was to determine how woodland salamanders respond to shelter-wood harvests following successive burns in a central Appalachian mixed-oak forest. Woodland salamanders were surveyed using coverboard arrays in May, July, and August September 2011 and 2012. Surveys were conducted within fenced shelterwood-burn (prescribed fires, shelterwood harvest, and fencing to prevent white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus] herbivory), shelterwood-burn (prescribed fires and shelterwood harvest), and control plots. Relative abundance was modeled in relation to habitat variables measured within treatments for mountain dusky salamanders (Desmognathus ochrophaeus), slimy salamanders (Plethodon glutinosus), and eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). Mountain dusky salamander relative abundance was positively associated with canopy cover and there were significantly more individuals within controls than either shelterwood-burn or fenced shelterwood-burn treatments. Conversely, habitat variables associated with slimy salamanders and eastern red-backed salamanders did not differ among treatments. Salamander age-class structure within controls did not differ from shelterwood-burn or fenced shelterwood-burn treatments for any species. Overall, the woodland salamander assemblage remained relatively intact throughout the shelterwoodburn silvicultural treatment compared to previous research within the same study area that examined pre-harvest fire effects. However, because of the multi-faceted complexities of this specific silvicultural system, continued research is warranted that evaluates long-term, additive impacts on woodland salamanders within managed central Appalachian deciduous forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mahoney, Kathleen R.; Russell, Kevin R.; Riddle, Jason D.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rodrigue, Jane L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Schuler, Thomas M.; Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Mahoney, KR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM kmahoneyr@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point [11-JV-11242301-044] FX We thank Richard Hovatter, Donald Lowther, and Melissa Thomas-Van Gundy for their advice and assistance during the project. We also thank Kurt Moseley, Jessica Orlando, William Fields, Blake Hossack, and one anonymous reviewer for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. Our research was supported financially and logistically by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station and the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point through participating agreement #11-JV-11242301-044. All animals were handled according to a West Virginia Division of Natural Resources Scientific Collecting Permit and the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol #20131108. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 359 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.042 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CZ0IX UT WOS:000366789500029 ER PT J AU Mizukami, N Clark, MP Gutmann, ED Mendoza, PA Newman, AJ Nijssen, B Ben Livneh, Hay, LE Arnold, JR Brekke, LD AF Mizukami, Naoki Clark, Martyn P. Gutmann, Ethan D. Mendoza, Pablo A. Newman, Andrew J. Nijssen, Bart Ben Livneh Hay, Lauren E. Arnold, Jeffrey R. Brekke, Levi D. TI Implications of the Methodological Choices for Hydrologic Portrayals of Climate Change over the Contiguous United States: Statistically Downscaled Forcing Data and Hydrologic Models SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; SIERRA-NEVADA; LAND-SURFACE; WATER-RESOURCES; CHANGE IMPACTS; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; SCALE; PRECIPITATION AB Continental-domain assessments of climate change impacts on water resources typically rely on statistically downscaled climate model outputs to force hydrologic models at a finer spatial resolution. This study examines the effects of four statistical downscaling methods [bias-corrected constructed analog (BCCA), bias-corrected spatial disaggregation applied at daily (BCSDd) and monthly scales (BCSDm), and asynchronous regression (AR)] on retrospective hydrologic simulations using three hydrologic models with their default parameters (the Community Land Model, version 4.0; the Variable Infiltration Capacity model, version 4.1.2; and the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System, version 3.0.4) over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Biases of hydrologic simulations forced by statistically downscaled climate data relative to the simulation with observation-based gridded data are presented. Each statistical downscaling method produces different meteorological portrayals including precipitation amount, wet-day frequency, and the energy input (i.e., shortwave radiation), and their interplay affects estimations of precipitation partitioning between evapotranspiration and runoff, extreme runoff, and hydrologic states (i.e., snow and soil moisture). The analyses show that BCCA underestimates annual precipitation by as much as -250 mm, leading to unreasonable hydrologic portrayals over the CONUS for all models. Although the other three statistical downscaling methods produce a comparable precipitation bias ranging from -10 to 8 mm across the CONUS, BCSDd severely overestimates the wet-day fraction by up to 0.25, leading to different precipitation partitioning compared to the simulations with other downscaled data. Overall, the choice of downscaling method contributes to less spread in runoff estimates (by a factor of 1.5-3) than the choice of hydrologic model with use of the default parameters if BCCA is excluded. C1 [Mizukami, Naoki; Clark, Martyn P.; Gutmann, Ethan D.; Mendoza, Pablo A.; Newman, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Nijssen, Bart] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ben Livneh] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hay, Lauren E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Arnold, Jeffrey R.] US Army Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA USA. [Brekke, Levi D.] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ben Livneh] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mizukami, N (reprint author), NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mizukami@ucar.edu RI Mizukami, Naoki/J-7027-2015; Gutmann, Ethan/I-5728-2012; Nijssen, Bart/B-1013-2012 OI LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473; Gutmann, Ethan/0000-0003-4077-3430; Nijssen, Bart/0000-0002-4062-0322 FU U.S Bureau of Reclamation; U.S Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was financially supported by the U.S Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S Army Corps of Engineers. The authors thank Steven Markstrom, Steve Regan, and Roland Viger of the USGS for providing PRMS parameters and Youlong Xia and Justin Sheffield for providing VIC parameters. Finally, the authors are grateful to Stacey Archfield and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 99 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 73 EP 98 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0187.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ9FH UT WOS:000367402700003 ER PT J AU Poff, NL Brown, CM Grantham, T Matthews, JH Palmer, MA Spence, CM Wilby, RL Haasnoot, M Mendoza, GF Dominique, KC Baeza, A AF Poff, N. LeRoy Brown, Casey M. Grantham, TheodoreE. Matthews, John H. Palmer, Margaret A. Spence, Caitlin M. Wilby, Robert L. Haasnoot, Marjolijn Mendoza, Guillermo F. Dominique, Kathleen C. Baeza, Andres TI Sustainable water management under future uncertainty with eco-engineering decision scaling SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; BASIC PRINCIPLES; CHANGING WORLD; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY; RESILIENCE; ADAPTATION AB Managing freshwater resources sustainably under future climatic and hydrological uncertainty poses novel challenges. Rehabilitation of ageing infrastructure and construction of new dams are widely viewed as solutions to diminish climate risk, but attaining the broad goal of freshwater sustainability will require expansion of the prevailing water resources management paradigm beyond narrow economic criteria to include socially valued ecosystem functions and services. We introduce a new decision framework, eco-engineering decision scaling (EEDS), that explicitly and quantitatively explores trade-offs in stake-holder-defined engineering and ecological performance metrics across a range of possible management actions under unknown future hydrological and climate states. We illustrate its potential application through a hypothetical case study of the Iowa River, USA. EEDS holds promise as a powerful framework for operationalizing freshwater sustainability under future hydrological uncertainty by fostering collaboration across historically conflicting perspectives of water resource engineering and river conservation ecology to design and operate water infrastructure for social and environmental benefits. C1 [Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poff, N. LeRoy; Spence, Caitlin M.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brown, Casey M.; Spence, Caitlin M.] Univ Massachusetts, Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Grantham, TheodoreE.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Matthews, John H.] Alliance Global Water Adaptat, Orlando, FL USA. [Palmer, Margaret A.] Univ Maryland, Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Wilby, Robert L.] Univ Loughborough, Dept Geog, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Haasnoot, Marjolijn] Deltares, Dept Scenarios & Policy Anal, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Haasnoot, Marjolijn] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Technol Policy & Management, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Mendoza, Guillermo F.] US Army Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [Dominique, Kathleen C.] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, F-75775 Paris, France. [Baeza, Andres] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Poff, NL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Mail 1878, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM NLeRoy.Poff@colostate.edu OI Haasnoot, Marjolijn/0000-0002-9062-4698; matthews, john/0000-0002-7005-2661 FU NSF CAREER Award [CBET-1054762]; National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) under National Science Foundation [DBI-1052875] FX We acknowledge S. Steinschneider for developing the stochastic weather generator for the Iowa River Basin; S. Wi for the VIC hydrologic model development; D. LeFever for support in developing the reservoir systems model; and R. Olsen for his help in providing hydraulic modelling tools and economic information for the Coralville Lake flood control system. Special thanks to P. Clark for artwork in Fig. 1. Additional support for C.M.B. and C.M.S was provided by the NSF CAREER Award (CBET-1054762). The views in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the OECD or its member countries. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/) and we thank J. Friedman of the USGS for his constructive comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper resulted from a synthesis project funded by the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) under National Science Foundation Award #DBI-1052875. NR 90 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 28 U2 78 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2765 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3UZ UT WOS:000367030800014 ER PT J AU Kelly, R Genet, H McGuire, AD Hu, FS AF Kelly, Ryan Genet, Helene McGuire, A. David Hu, Feng Sheng TI Palaeodata-informed modelling of large carbon losses from recent burning of boreal forests SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAST MILLENNIUM; ALASKA; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; CYCLE AB Wildfires play a key role in the boreal forest carbon cycle(1,2), and models suggest that accelerated burning will increase boreal C emissions in the coming century(3). However, these predictions may be compromised because brief observational records provide limited constraints to model initial conditions(4). We confronted this limitation by using palaeoenvironmental data to drive simulations of long-term C dynamics in the Alaskan boreal forest. Results show that fire was the dominant control on C cycling over the past millennium, with changes in fire frequency accounting for 84% of C stock variability. A recent rise in fire frequency inferred from the palaeorecord(5) led to simulated C losses of 1.4 kg Cm-2 (12% of ecosystem C stocks) from 1950 to 2006. In stark contrast, a small net C sink of 0.3 kg C m(-2) occurred if the past fire regime was assumed to be similar to the modern regime, as is common in models of C dynamics. Although boreal fire regimes are heterogeneous, recent trends(6) and future projections(7) point to increasing fire activity in response to climate warming throughout the biome. Thus, predictions(8) that terrestrial C sinks of northern high latitudes will mitigate rising atmospheric CO2 may be over-optimistic. C1 [Kelly, Ryan; Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Genet, Helene] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hu, FS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM fshu@life.illinois.edu OI McGuire, Anthony/0000-0003-4646-0750 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ARC-0612366, ARC-1023477]; University of Illinois from a Graduate College Dissertation Completion Fellowship; School of Integrative Biology Enhancement Fund; Department of Plant Biology Graduate Research Enhancement Fund; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation; Department of Defense FX We gratefully acknowledge comments on this work from M.L. Chipman, E. S. Euskirchen, Y. Zhang, D. Devotta, M. Urban and M. Fernandez, and technical support from J. Jungclaus and D. Rice.This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants ARC-0612366 and ARC-1023477 (F.S.H.), by University of Illinois funding from a Graduate College Dissertation Completion Fellowship, the School of Integrative Biology Enhancement Fund, and the Department of Plant Biology Graduate Research Enhancement Fund, and by grants from the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Defense (A.D.M. and H.G.). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 BP 79 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2832 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3UZ UT WOS:000367030800027 ER PT J AU Dundas, C AF Dundas, Colin TI PLANETARY SCIENCE Mars on dry ice SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEBRIS FLOWS; GULLIES AB Martian gullies have been seen as evidence for past surface water runoff. However, numerical modelling now suggests that accumulation and sublimation of carbon dioxide ice, rather than overland flow of liquid water, may be driving modern gully formation. C1 [Dundas, Colin] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Dundas, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cdundas@usgs.gov OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 10 EP 12 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CZ6GX UT WOS:000367200300007 ER PT J AU Fleming, SW Hood, E Dahlke, HE O'Neel, S AF Fleming, S. W. Hood, E. Dahlke, H. E. O'Neel, S. TI Seasonal flows of international British Columbia-Alaska rivers: The nonlinear influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Hydroclimatology; Streamflow; ENSO; Arctic Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; North Pacific Gyre Oscillation ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GLACIER MASS-BALANCE; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STREAMFLOW VARIABILITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WATER-RESOURCES; LA-NINA; ENSO; CANADA AB The northern portion of the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (PCTR) is one of the least anthropogenically modified regions on earth and remains in many respects a frontier area to science. Rivers crossing the northern PCTR, which is also an international boundary region between British Columbia, Canada and Alaska, USA, deliver large freshwater and biogeochemical fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and establish linkages between coastal and continental ecosystems. We evaluate interannual flow variability in three transboundary PCTR watersheds in response to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (EN SO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). Historical hydroclimatic datasets from both Canada and the USA are analyzed using an up-to-date methodological suite accommodating both seasonally transient and highly nonlinear teleconnections. We find that streamflow teleconnections occur over particular seasonal windows reflecting the intersection of specific atmospheric and terrestrial hydrologic processes. The strongest signal is a snowmelt-driven flow timing shift resulting from ENSO- and PDO-associated temperature anomalies. Autumn rainfall runoff is also modulated by these climate modes, and a glacier-mediated teleconnection contributes to a late-summer ENSO-flow association. Teleconnections between AO and freshet flows reflect corresponding temperature and precipitation anomalies. A coherent NPGO signal is not clearly evident in streamflow. Linear and monotonically nonlinear teleconnections were widely identified, with less evidence for the parabolic effects that can play an important role elsewhere. The streamflow teleconnections did not vary greatly between hydrometric stations, presumably reflecting broad similarities in watershed characteristics. These results establish a regional foundation for both transboundary water management and studies of long-term hydroclimatic and environmental change. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fleming, S. W.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Div Sci, Environm Sci R&D Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Hood, E.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Environm Sci & Geog Program, Juneau, AK USA. [Dahlke, H. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [O'Neel, S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Fleming, S. W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Fleming, S. W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dahlke, HE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave,PES 1110, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sfleming@eos.ubc.ca; ewhood@uas.alaska.edu; hdahlke@ucdavis.edu; soneel@usgs.gov RI Dahlke, Helen/A-5561-2012 OI Dahlke, Helen/0000-0001-8757-6982 FU Alaska Climate Science Center FX The streamflow data used in this study are available online from the US Geological Survey (USGS) at waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/sw and Water Survey of Canada (WSC) at www.cc.gc.ca/rhc-wsc. Meteorological time series data are publicly available from the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) at www ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo- web and Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) at www.ec.gc.ca/dccha-ahccd. We thank Ed Neal and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. E.H. and S.O. were supported by the Alaska Climate Science Center. Parts of this work were produced by Crown authors and authors of the U.S. government. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 87 BP 42 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.10.007 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CY8GU UT WOS:000366647600004 ER PT J AU Buscombe, D AF Buscombe, Daniel TI Spatially explicit spectral analysis of point clouds and geospatial data SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Point cloud; Spectral analysis; Geospatial analysis; Roughness; Texture; Remote sensing ID STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; TOPOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; FRACTAL DIMENSION; COLORADO RIVER; BED ROUGHNESS; RADAR DATA AB The increasing use of spatially explicit analyses of high-resolution spatially distributed data (imagery and point clouds) for the purposes of characterising spatial heterogeneity in geophysical phenomena necessitates the development of custom analytical and computational tools. In recent years, such analyses have become the basis of, for example, automated texture characterisation and segmentation, roughness and grain size calculation, and feature detection and classification, from a variety of data types. In this work, much use has been made of statistical descriptors of localised spatial variations in amplitude variance (roughness), however the horizontal scale (wavelength) and spacing of roughness elements is rarely considered. This is despite the fact that the ratio of characteristic vertical to horizontal scales is not constant and can yield important information about physical scaling relationships. Spectral analysis is a hitherto under-utilised but powerful means to acquire statistical information about relevant amplitude and wavelength scales, simultaneously and with computational efficiency. Further, quantifying spatially distributed data in the frequency domain lends itself to the development of stochastic models for probing the underlying mechanisms which govern the spatial distribution of geological and geophysical phenomena. The software package PySESA (Python program for Spatially Explicit Spectral Analysis) has been developed for generic analyses of spatially distributed data in both the spatial and frequency domains. Developed predominantly in Python, it accesses libraries written in Cython and c++ for efficiency. It is open source and modular, therefore readily incorporated into, and combined with, other data analysis tools and frameworks with particular utility for supporting research in the fields of geomorphology, geophysics, hydrography, photogrammetry and remote sensing. The analytical and computational structure of the toolbox is described, and its functionality illustrated with an example of a high-resolution bathymetric point cloud data collected with multibeam echosounder. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Buscombe, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Buscombe, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dbuscombe@usgs.gov FU Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program FX This work was funded by the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program administered by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. Thanks to Matt Kaplinski, Erich Mueller and Bob Tusso for helping collect the field data, and Paul Grams for helpful discussions. NR 124 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 86 BP 92 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2015.10.004 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA CZ0BQ UT WOS:000366770500010 ER PT J AU Yang, LQ Deng, J Wang, ZL Zhang, L Goldfarb, RJ Yuan, WM Weinberg, RF Zhang, RZ AF Yang, Li-Qiang Deng, Jun Wang, Zhong-Liang Zhang, Liang Goldfarb, Richard J. Yuan, Wan-Ming Weinberg, Roberto F. Zhang, Rui-Zhong TI Thermochronologic constraints on evolution of the Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex and implications for gold mineralization: A case study from the Xiadian gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Fission track thermochronology; Gold mineralization; Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex; Xiadian gold deposit; Jiaodong Peninsula China ID ZIRCON U-PB; MESOZOIC EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; NORTH CHINA; FISSION-TRACK; SHANDONG PROVINCE; CONTINENTAL EXTENSION; FLUID INCLUSIONS; CLOSURE TEMPERATURE; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; CRATON AB The NNE-trending Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex hosts the majority of the gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula of eastern China. Many of the deposits are hosted by the 163-155 Ma Linglong granite in the footwall of the Linglong detachment fault. Argon thermochronology suggests that the granite had cooled to 400 degrees C by 143 +/- 1.5 Ma possibly as a result of normal movement on the detachment. Nine zircon fission track (ZFF) ages from samples collected along a NW-SE transect perpendicular to the central part of the Linglong detachment fault at the -652 m level in the Xiadian deposit constrain the subsequent thermal evolution of Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex, which overlapped the period of major gold deposition. The ZFT ages vary from 136.9 +/- 33 Ma (1 sigma) to 130.1 +/- 2.2 Ma (1 sigma). The unaltered Linglong granite in the footwall and amphibolite in the hangingwall have similar ages at 136.9 +/- 3.3 Ma (1 sigma) and 135.0 +/- 3.0 Ma (1 sigma), whereas ages for the disseminated- and stockwork-style ores appear to be younger at ca. 131-130 Ma, although there is an overlap of ages when considering the 1 sigma precision. Interestingly, ZFT ages show no marked differences between the hangingwall and footwall of the Linglong detachment fault, although significant movement along the fault occurred. The results are best interpreted to indicate that the Linglong granite was emplaced at similar to 160 Ma, and cooled to 240 +/- 50 degrees C at similar to 135 Ma, as recorded by unaltered rocks in the footwall. Hydrothermal alteration along the Linglong detachment fault led to annealing of zircon fission tracks and the consistent younger ages of similar to 131 Ma. Quartz aggregates associated with gold mineralization show evidence of recrystallization suggesting that the hydrothermal event was initiated at temperatures of at least 300-350 degrees C, near the brittle-ductile transition, but cooled rapidly to ZFT closure temperatures within a country-rock environment that was already relatively cool. Therefore these ZFT ages suggest that the timing of mineralization at the Xiadian deposit was post-135 Ma and likely very close to 131 Ma. The mineralization and cooling occurred in the footwall of a major detachment fault under an extensional regime, possibly related to the progressive slab rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate, and controlled by the Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Li-Qiang; Deng, Jun; Wang, Zhong-Liang; Zhang, Liang; Goldfarb, Richard J.; Yuan, Wan-Ming; Zhang, Rui-Zhong] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Liang; Weinberg, Roberto F.] Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Goldfarb, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zhang, Rui-Zhong] Zhaoyuan Gold Min Stock Co Ltd, Zhaoyuan 265415, Peoples R China. RP Yang, LQ (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, 29 Xue Yuan Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM lqyang@cugb.edu.cn OI weinberg, roberto/0000-0001-9420-8918 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41230311]; National Science and Technology Support Program of China [2011BAB04B09]; geological investigation work project of China Geological Survey [12120114034901]; 111 Project [B07011]; CSC Scholarship Program of China [201406400008, 201506400079] FX Insightful and thorough reviews by three anonymous referees and excellent comments and support from Professor Barry Kohn and Doctor Guangwei Li at Melbourne University have helped us improve the paper significantly. We thank Tony Cockbain for his assistance with editing of the text This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41230311), the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (Grant No. 2011BAB04B09), the geological investigation work project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 12120114034901), the 111 Project (Grant No. B07011) and the CSC Scholarship Program of China (File Nos. 201406400008 and 201506400079). NR 104 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 72 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.07.006 PN 1 PG 14 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA CY3YF UT WOS:000366345100010 ER PT J AU Meyers, P Kvenvolden, K AF Meyers, Phil Kvenvolden, Keith TI A tribute to Lloyd Snowdon SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Meyers, Phil] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kvenvolden, Keith] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Meyers, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 91 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.11.003 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CY9CX UT WOS:000366706100001 ER PT J AU Roelke, DL Barkoh, A Brooks, BW Grover, JP Hambright, KD LaClaire, JW Moeller, PDR Patino, R AF Roelke, Daniel L. Barkoh, Aaron Brooks, Bryan W. Grover, James P. Hambright, K. David LaClaire, John W., II Moeller, Peter D. R. Patino, Reynaldo TI A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th workshop of the International Association for Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP) CY SEP 14-21, 2014 CL Kastoria, GREECE DE Prymnesium parvum; Harmful algal bloom; Geographic spread ID DIFFERENT NUTRIENT CONDITIONS; FATTY-ACID AMIDES; TOXIC HAPTOPHYTE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HARMFUL ALGA; PLANKTON COMMUNITY; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; PATELLIFERUM HAPTOPHYTA; MESOCOSM EXPERIMENTS; EURYTEMORA-AFFINIS AB Since the mid-1980s, fish-killing blooms of Prymnesium parvum spread throughout the USA. In the south central USA, P. parvum blooms have commonly spanned hundreds of kilometers. There is much evidence that physiological stress brought on by inorganic nutrient limitation enhances toxicity. Other factors influence toxin production as well, such as stress experienced at low salinity and temperature. A better understanding of toxin production by P. parvum remains elusive and the identities and functions of chemicals produced are unclear. This limits our understanding of factors that facilitated the spread of P. parvum blooms. In the south central USA, not only is there evidence that the spread of blooms was controlled, in part, by migration limitation. But there are also observations that suggest changed environmental conditions, primarily salinity, facilitated the spread of blooms. Other factors that might have played a role include altered hydrology and nutrient loading. Changes in water hardness, herbicide use, system pH, and the presence of toxin-resistant and/or P. parvum-inhibiting plankton may also have played a role. Management of P. parvum in natural systems has yet to be attempted, but may be guided by successes achieved in small impoundments and mesocosm experiments that employed various chemical and hydraulic control approaches. C1 [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barkoh, Aaron] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Heart Hills Fisheries Sci Ctr, Inland Fisheries Div, Mt Home, TX 78058 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Program Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX USA. [Hambright, K. David] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [LaClaire, John W., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mol Biosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Roelke, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM droelke@tamu.edu RI Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Hambright, Karl/D-4086-2012; OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852; Grover, James/0000-0003-2425-6927 FU Texas AM University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Baylor University; University of Texas at Arlington; University of Oklahoma; University of Texas at Austin; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey; Texas Tech University; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX These sorts of unfunded writing projects actually do require funding, and the co-authors are grateful to their institutes for the indirect support received as part of their position responsibilities. Those institutes are Texas A&M University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Baylor University, University of Texas at Arlington, University of Oklahoma, University of Texas at Austin, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, and Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (which is jointly supported by U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). NR 161 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 17 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2016 VL 764 IS 1 BP 29 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2273-6 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CX5FM UT WOS:000365727500003 ER PT J AU Roelke, DL Barkoh, A Brooks, BW Grover, JP Hambright, KD LaClaire, JW Moeller, PDR Patino, R AF Roelke, Daniel L. Barkoh, Aaron Brooks, Bryan W. Grover, James P. Hambright, K. David LaClaire, John W., II Moeller, Peter D. R. Patino, Reynaldo TI A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms (vol 764, pg 29, 2016) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Correction C1 [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barkoh, Aaron] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Heart Hills Fisheries Sci Ctr, Inland Fisheries Div, Mt Home, TX 78058 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Arlington, Program Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX USA. [Hambright, K. David] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [LaClaire, John W., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mol Biosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Roelke, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM droelke@tamu.edu RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2016 VL 764 IS 1 BP 51 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2477-9 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CX5FM UT WOS:000365727500004 ER PT J AU Armenio, PM Mayer, CM Heckathorn, SA Bridgeman, TB Panek, SE AF Armenio, Patricia M. Mayer, Christine M. Heckathorn, Scott A. Bridgeman, Thomas B. Panek, Sarah E. TI Resource contributions from dreissenid mussels to the benthic algae Lyngbya wollei (Cyanobacteria) and Cladophora glomerata (Chlorophyta) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Nutrient; Phosphorus; Algal bloom; Quagga mussels; Zebra mussels; Lake Erie ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FRESH-WATER; ZEBRA MUSSEL; SAGINAW BAY; PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION; ONEIDA LAKE; POLYMORPHA; GROWTH; IMPACTS AB Dreissena spp. (zebra and quagga mussels) are invasive to North America and increase light to the benthos, provide hard structure for algal attachment, and may contribute limiting nutrients to benthic algae, thereby facilitating algal blooms. We conducted experiments to determine how Dreissena affect nutrient stoichiometry and growth of Lyngbya wollei and Cladophora glomerata, two benthic algal species recently increasing in biomass in parts of the Laurentian Great Lakes, combined with a field survey to determine the likelihood of L. wollei co-occurrence with Dreissena. L. wollei had a significantly higher concentration of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur when grown with live Dreissena. C. glomerata had greater biomass in tanks with live Dreissena, but did not have significant increases in nutrient concentration like L. wollei did. Neither algal species increased in growth due to the added structure of Dreissena shells. L. wollei biomass was greater in the presence of Dreissena during 1 year (of two) of our field survey. This field survey also showed that L. wollei and Dreissena are likely to co-occur. These results suggest that Dreissena provide several nutrients to benthic algae, and these added resources can promote algal growth and consequently blooms. C1 [Armenio, Patricia M.; Mayer, Christine M.; Bridgeman, Thomas B.; Panek, Sarah E.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Armenio, Patricia M.; Mayer, Christine M.; Bridgeman, Thomas B.; Panek, Sarah E.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Heckathorn, Scott A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Armenio, PM (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM pcope@rockets.utoledo.edu OI Armenio, Patricia M./0000-0003-1686-2679 FU Ohio Lake Erie Commission Lake Erie Protection Fund FX We would like to thank Dr. Rex Lowe for suggestions during this project, Dr. Jonathan Frantz and the USDA-ARS team at UT for analyzing samples for nutrient content, and Mike Bur and Patrick Kocovsky from USGS for the collection of zebra and quagga mussels. We also wish to thank the Mayer, Bridgeman, and Bossenbroek labs at the University of Toledo for providing lab and field assistance as well as providing constructive comments. Anonymous reviewers were also helpful in the improvement of this manuscript. This research was supported in part by an Ohio Lake Erie Commission Lake Erie Protection Fund Grant to C. Mayer and P. Armenio. This is Contribution Number 2015-04 of the University of Toledo, Lake Erie Center. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2016 VL 763 IS 1 BP 35 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2357-3 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CX5FD UT WOS:000365726600004 ER PT J AU Maharjan, GR Ruidisch, M Shope, CL Choi, K Huwe, B Kim, SJ Tenhunen, J Arnhold, S AF Maharjan, Ganga Ram Ruidisch, Marianne Shope, Christopher L. Choi, Kwanghun Huwe, Bernd Kim, Seong Joon Tenhunen, John Arnhold, Sebastian TI Assessing the effectiveness of split fertilization and cover crop cultivation in order to conserve soil and water resources and improve crop productivity SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BMP; Cover crop; Crop yield; Intensive agriculture; Monsoon; Nitrate loss; Sediment loss; Split fertilization ID SWAT MODEL; SOUTH-KOREA; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIBRATION; QUALITY; EROSION AB Intensive agricultural practices implemented to secure increased crop yields have potentially negative environmental effects due to the generation of sediment and nutrients from agricultural fields. The mon-soon climate and current agricultural practices on mountainous landscapes of the Haean catchment in South Korea have significantly affected water quality by transporting sediment and nutrients to downstream water bodies. The aim of this study is to suggest strategies for a permanent reduction of sediment and nitrate from this catchment through an efficient application of best management practices (BMPs). We applied three BMPs; split fertilizer application (SF), winter cover crop cultivation (CC), and a combination of the two (SFCC) to major dryland crops (cabbage, potato, radish and soybean) in order to investigate their effectiveness at the catchment scale through the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. We found that the SF scenario reduced nitrate pollution while sediment and crop yield did not change relative to the baseline (BL) scenario. The application of the CC scenario reduces both sediment and nitrate load while crop yields increased. The combination of split fertilization and cover cropping (SFCC) showed the highest positive effect on reducing sediment and nitrate and increasing crop yields compared to a single application. We estimated the variability in the effectiveness of BMPs for major crop types and could demonstrate that specific sites and crop types, such as soybean, were less influential in reducing sediment and nitrate loads. Those sites and crops could be considered for additional BMP measures to mitigate water deterioration by target pollutants. Recommendations for BMP applications should also consider minor crops and other land use types in order to reduce overall water pollution and efficiently improve crop yields in this catchment. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maharjan, Ganga Ram; Huwe, Bernd; Arnhold, Sebastian] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Phys, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Ruidisch, Marianne; Tenhunen, John] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Plant Ecol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Shope, Christopher L.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Choi, Kwanghun] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Biogeog Modelling, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Kim, Seong Joon] Konkuk Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Syst Engn, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Arnhold, Sebastian] Univ Bayreuth, Ecol Serv, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Maharjan, GR (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Phys, Univ Str 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. EM mhjgangaram@gmail.com RI Shope, Christopher/A-2931-2013; OI Shope, Christopher/0000-0003-3277-0811; Arnhold, Sebastian/0000-0003-4823-4570 FU International Research Training Group TERRECO - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth [GRK 1565/1] FX The authors highly acknowledge Jong-Yoon Park, Rim Ha, and Sora Ahn from the Dept. of Civil and Environmental System Engineering, Kunkuk University, for their valuable suggestions during the early stage of the model setup and simulation. The provision of field measurement data by Svenja Bartsch for model calibration and validation is also highly appreciated. The research work supported by the International Research Training Group TERRECO (GRK 1565/1) funded through the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth is greatly acknowledged. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 163 BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.10.005 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA CX0HB UT WOS:000365376400030 ER PT J AU Breyta, R Samson, C Blair, M Black, A Kurath, G AF Breyta, Rachel Samson, Corie Blair, Marilyn Black, Allison Kurath, Gael TI Successful mitigation of viral disease based on a delayed exposure rearing strategy at a large-scale steelhead trout conservation hatchery SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE IHNV; Steelhead trout; Chinook salmon; Water supply security; Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; Fish disease; Fish hatchery disease ID INFECTIOUS HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; INCUBATION BOXES; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; VIRULENCE; RIVER AB In 2009, the largest steelhead trout conservation hatchery in the state of Idaho, Dworshak National Fish Hatchery (NFH), lost over 50% of the juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population being reared for release. The causative agent of this high mortality was the viral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). This was neither the first nor the worst epidemic of IHNV to occur at the hatchery, but it was the worst in over a decade. Genetic analysis of IHNV isolates taken from juveniles suffering epidemic IHN disease in 2009 revealed that the virus was of the M group of IHNV viruses, known to have high virulence for trout. The water supply for steelhead trout rearing at Dworshak NFH is untreated water taken directly from the Clearwater River. Further genetic analysis of IHNV isolates from adults spawned in 2009 indicated that adult steelhead trout in the river (in the hatchery water supply) were the most probable transmission source for the epidemic IHN disease in the juvenile fish. Previously, Dworshak NFH had been able to gain access to reservoir water from behind the Dworshak Dam for nursery egg incubation and the earliest stage of fry rearing, which nearly eliminated incidence of IHN disease in that stage of rearing. Additionally, the nearby Clearwater State Fish Hatchery (SFH), which operates entirely with reservoir water, has never had a case of IHN disease in juvenile steelhead trout. Therefore, staff at Dworshak NFH sought and obtained access to a limited supply of reservoir water for the first few months of outdoor rearing of juvenile steelhead trout, beginning in 2010. This strategy delayed the exposure of juvenile steelhead trout to river water for several months. The effects of this program change were: drastic reduction in IHN disease in juvenile steelhead trout; interruption in the transmission of highly virulent M group IHNV from adult steelhead trout; no interruption in the transmission of low virulent U group IHNV from adult Chinook salmon; and a shift of IHNV types in adult fish spawned at Dworshak NFH in subsequent years from M to U group viruses. While juvenile steelhead trout may still be infected via exposure to IHNV in river water, the disruption of virulent M group IHNV has been successful in dramatically reducing IHN disease in steelhead trout every year since 2010. Statement of relevance: Effective reduction of severe mortality due to IHNV. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Breyta, Rachel; Black, Allison; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Breyta, Rachel] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Samson, Corie; Blair, Marilyn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fish Hlth Ctr, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. [Black, Allison] Univ Washington, Inst Publ Hlth Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Breyta, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rbjmax@uw.edu OI Black, Allison/0000-0002-6618-4127 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)-USGS Science Support Partnership [FWINS2279]; USFWS FONS program [IFHC-USGS IA2012] FX Many thanks to partners in the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, for supplying virus field isolates for genetic typing; to retired USFWS staff Kathy Clemens for historical material; and to Jim Winton for historical material and manuscript review. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, in-kind), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)-USGS Science Support Partnership (project # FWINS2279), and the USFWS FONS program (project #IFHC-USGS IA2012). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All animal handling was performed at the described hatcheries, according to ethical standard virology protocols and with the approval of Clearwater Basin co-managers. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 450 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.014 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CW2WO UT WOS:000364854000030 ER PT J AU Emmenegger, EJ Sanders, GE Conway, CM Binkowski, FP Winton, JR Kurath, G AF Emmenegger, Eveline J. Sanders, George E. Conway, Carla M. Binkowski, Fred P. Winton, James R. Kurath, Gael TI Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV); Salmon; Perch; Susceptibility; Exotic virus; Host adaptation ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; PIKE FRY RHABDOVIRUS; RUTILUS-FRISII-KUTUM; CASPIAN WHITE FISH; EPC CELL-LINE; RAINBOW-TROUT; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; COMMON CARP; YELLOW PERCH; 1ST REPORT AB Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a rhabdoviral pathogen associated with disease outbreaks in cultured and wild fish worldwide. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio carp), and koi (C. carpio koi) suffer the highest mortalities from SVCV infections, while other cyprinid fish species have varying susceptibility. Although salmonid fish typically are considered refractory to infection by SVCV, there have been a few reports suggesting infection has occurred in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). There have been no reports of Percid fish being infected with SVCV. Since the first North American outbreak of SVCV at a North Carolina koi farm in 2002 there have been eight subsequent detections or outbreaks of SVCV among fish species from the families of Cyprinidae and Centrarchidae within the US and Canada. Thus, this exotic virus is considered a potential threat to native and cultured fish populations in North America. We performed multiple experimental challenges with fish species from three families (Salmonidae, Cyprinidae, and Percidae) to identify the potential risk associated with SVCV exposure of resident fish populations in North America. Three salmonid species, rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), and sockeye salmon (O. nerka), were challenged by immersion or injection with the North Carolina SVCV isolate. Two cyprinid species, koi and fathead minnow(Pimephales promelas) and one percid species, yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were also challenged. Koi were highly susceptible to SVCV up to 11 months of age and fathead minnows had chronic disease expression with moderate mortality (29%). SVCV also induced moderate mortalities (33%) in yellow perch fry. Virus challenged salmonid fish had cumulative percent mortalities ranging from 0 to 100%, with sockeye salmon fry being the most vulnerable. A sub-sample of mortalities and survivors were screened for virus by plaque assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In general, all mortalities tested positive for SVCV with high viral titers while survivors had variable persistence of SVCV with overall lower virus titers. Our SVCV challenges of multiple North American fish species suggested that host age is a key factor in determining disease outcome. Other factors, such as fish broodstock, virus strain, water temperature, and rearing conditions in association with the intrinsic level of species susceptibility may also impact infection dynamics. This is the first report of SVCV infecting a species (yellow perch) in the family Percidae and that sockeye salmon fry can suffer similarly high mortalities as the primary SVCV host species. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Emmenegger, Eveline J.; Conway, Carla M.; Winton, James R.; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dept Interior, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sanders, George E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, Hlth Sci Ctr T 160, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Binkowski, Fred P.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. RP Emmenegger, EJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dept Interior, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eemmenegger@usgs.gov FU USGS-USFWS Science Support Partnership Program; US Geological Survey FX Many thanks to Andy Goodwin of US Fish & Wildlife Service for providing fathead minnows and the NC SVCV isolate. Joel Burkhard of Pan Inter Corp. for his generosity in giving us so many koi that we could perform multiple SVCV challenges. Wendy Olson of US Fish & Wildlife Service and Rick Goetz of NOAA for supplying us with the older yellow perch. Maureen Purcell of the WFRC for letting us have some of her Chinook salmon. Scott LaPatra of Clear Springs Inc. for supporting our research endeavors and in particular for making available his rainbow trout for testing. Thanks to Joan Thomas of the Washington Dept. of Fish & Wildlife for her assistance in procuring the Cedar River sockeye for this experiment. Bill Batts for sharing his vast technical knowledge. This research was funded in part by the USGS-USFWS Science Support Partnership Program and by the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 450 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CW2WO UT WOS:000364854000037 ER PT J AU Alexander, HD Moczygemba, J Dick, K AF Alexander, Heather D. Moczygemba, Jonathan Dick, Krysten TI Growth and survival of thornscrub forest seedlings in response to restoration strategies aimed at alleviating abiotic and biotic stressors SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Thornscrub forest; Semi-arid; Revegetation; Seedling; Fire; Herbicide; Mowing; Shelter tube ID SOUTH TEXAS; TAMAULIPAN THORNSCRUB; SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT; LEOPARDUS-PARDALIS; WEED-CONTROL; HABITAT USE; ECOSYSTEM; ESTABLISHMENT; BIODIVERSITY; OCELOTS AB Semi-arid thornscrub forests occur throughout South Texas and northeastern Mexico and provide habitat for numerous fauna, including the Federally-endangered ocelot. However, <2% of original thornscrub remains due to land conversion for human use. One attempt underway to restore thornscrub habitat around core ocelot populations in South Texas is the planting of thornscrub seedlings in old agricultural fields. However, growth and survival post-planting and effectiveness of restoration strategies to overcome common stressors (e.g., competition, herbivory, and drought) have not been evaluated. In March 2011, we initiated a pilot study to assess seedling growth and survival in response to pre-planting prescribed fire, mowing, herbicide, and shelter tubes aimed at alleviating stressors including invasive grass cover and herbivore browse. We found that a single pre-planting prescribed fire promoted invasive grass cover; mowing had no effect. Glyphosate reduced invasive grass cover, but acetic acid/orange oil was ineffective. Seedlings in fire plots were tallest with the largest basal diameters despite greater invasive grass cover. Shelter tubes promoted height growth, reduced browse, and increased survival. This research will help managers decide which restoration techniques most effectively reduce thornscrub seedling stressors and promote growth and survival. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dick, Krysten] Univ Texas Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Moczygemba, Jonathan; Dick, Krysten] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laguna Atascosa Natl Wildlife Refuge, Los Fresnos, TX 78566 USA. [Alexander, Heather D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Alexander, HD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM heather.alexander@msstate.edu FU Rana Faculty Fellowship; Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge FX Thanks to Eric Verderber, Aaron White, Soraya Delgado, Parker Watson, Ida Prado, and Priscilla Ruvalcaba for field assistance. Funding and in-kind support were provided by the Rana Faculty Fellowship, Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation, and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 124 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.06.014 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4OA UT WOS:000364245200021 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Wiele, SM Pool, DR AF Tillman, F. D. Wiele, S. M. Pool, D. R. TI A comparison of estimates of basin-scale soil-moisture evapotranspiration and estimates of riparian groundwater evapotranspiration with implications for water budgets in the Verde Valley, Central Arizona, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Groundwater management; Geographic information systems; Arid regions ID ENHANCED VEGETATION INDEX; STAND-REPLACING FIRE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST; FLUXES; CARBON; MODIS AB Population growth in the Verde Valley in Arizona has led to efforts to better understand water availability in the watershed. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical factor in estimating groundwater recharge in the area and a substantial component of the groundwater budget. In this study, two estimates of soil-moisture ET and two estimates of groundwater ET in the Verde Valley are presented and discussed. Basin-scale soil-moisture potential ET (PET) estimates from the soil-water balance (SWB) and basin characteristics model (BCM) groundwater recharge models are compared. Separately, riparian groundwater ET estimated from a method that uses MODIS-EVI remote sensing data and geospatial information, and from the MODFLOW-EVT ET package as part of a regional groundwater-flow model that includes the study area, are also discussed. Somewhat higher PET rates from the SWB recharge model resulted in an average annual ET volume about 17% greater than for PET from the BCM recharge model. For groundwater ET estimates, annual ET volumes were about the same for upper-bound MODIS-EVI ET for perennial reaches of streams as for the MODFLOW ET estimates, with the small differences between the two methods having minimal impact on annual or longer groundwater budgets for the study area. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tillman, F. D.; Wiele, S. M.; Pool, D. R.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Tillman, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Ste 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ftillman@usgs.gov OI Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 124 BP 278 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.09.005 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4OA UT WOS:000364245200032 ER PT J AU Tagestad, J Brooks, M Cullinan, V Downs, J McKinley, R AF Tagestad, Jerry Brooks, Matthew Cullinan, Valerie Downs, Janelle McKinley, Randy TI Precipitation regime classification for the Mojave Desert: Implications for fire occurrence SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Vegetation; Seasonality; Burn; Lightning; Climate; Drought ID SOUTHERN NEVADA; ECOSYSTEM; TRANSITION; VEGETATION; HISTORY AB Long periods of drought or above-average precipitation affect Mojave Desert vegetation condition, biomass and susceptibility to fire. Changes in the seasonality of precipitation alter the likelihood of lightning, a key ignition source for fires. The objectives of this study were to characterize the relationship between recent, historic, and future precipitation patterns and fire. Classifying monthly precipitation data from 1971 to 2010 reveals four precipitation regimes: low winter/low summer, moderate winter/moderate summer, high winter/low summer and high winter/high summer. Two regimes with summer monsoonal precipitation covered only 40% of the Mojave Desert ecoregion but contain 88% of the area burned and 95% of the repeat burn area. Classifying historic precipitation for early-century (wet) and mid-century (drought) periods reveals distinct shifts in regime boundaries. Early-century results are similar to current, while the mid-century results show a sizeable reduction in area of regimes with a strong monsoonal component. Such a shift would suggest that fires during the mid-century period would be minimal and anecdotal records confirm this. Predicted precipitation patterns from downscaled global climate models indicate numerous epochs of high winter precipitation, inferring higher fire potential for many multi-decade periods during the next century. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tagestad, Jerry; Cullinan, Valerie; Downs, Janelle] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Brooks, Matthew; McKinley, Randy] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Tagestad, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerry.tagestad@pnnl.gov FU Department of Defense, SERDP program [RC-1723]; U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Program FX This study was supported by funding from the Department of Defense, SERDP program Project Number RC-1723, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Program. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 124 BP 388 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.09.002 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4OA UT WOS:000364245200042 ER PT J AU Berry, KH Weigand, JF Gowan, TA Mack, JS AF Berry, Kristin H. Weigand, James F. Gowan, Timothy A. Mack, Jeremy S. TI Bidirectional recovery patterns of Mojave Desert vegetation in an aqueduct pipeline corridor after 36 years: I. Perennial shrubs and grasses SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Linear disturbance; Succession; Larrea tridentata; Ambrosia dumosa; Ericameria nauseosa; Ambrosia salsola ID BUSH LARREA-TRIDENTATA; PLANT SUCCESSION; MONTE DESERT; COMMUNITIES; DROUGHT; USA; CONSTRUCTION; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; STABILITY AB We studied recovery of 21 perennial plant species along a severely disturbed aqueduct corridor in a Larrea tridentata-Ambrosia dumosa plant alliance in the Mojave Desert 36 years after construction. The 97-m wide corridor contained a central dirt road and buried aqueduct pipeline. We established transects at 0 m (road verge), 20 m and 40 m into the disturbance corridor, and at 100 m in undisturbed habitat (the control). Although total numbers of shrubs per transect did not vary significantly with distance from the verge, canopy cover of shrubs, species richness, and species diversity were higher in the control than at the verge and other distances. Canopy cover of common shrubs (Ericameria nauseosa, Ambrosia salsola, A. dumosa, L. tridentata, Grayia spinosa) and perennial grasses (Elymus elymoides, Poa secunda) also varied significantly by location. Discriminant analysis clearly separated the four distances based on plant composition. Patterns of recovery were bidirectional: secondary succession from the control into the disturbance corridor and inhibition from the verge in the direction of the control. Time estimated for species composition to resemble the control is dependent on location within the disturbance corridor and could be centuries at the road verge. Our findings have applications to other deserts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Berry, Kristin H.; Gowan, Timothy A.; Mack, Jeremy S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Weigand, James F.] US Bur Land Management, Calif State Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Berry, KH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 21803 Cactus Ave,Suite F, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. EM kristin_berry@usgs.gov; jweigand@blm.gov; tim.gowan@myfwc.com; jmack@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Bureau of Land Management; California Department of Parks and Recreation, Off Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division [OR-1-SW-28] FX We thank W. Chambers for providing historical documents on land uses in the region and B. Kay provided photographs and negatives of the second Los Angeles aqueduct and original copies of his work. D.P. Oldershaw repeated B. Kay's photographs, helping to locate appropriate study sites. J. Yee, M.L. Brooks, E. Warner, and S. Jones provided constructive reviews. D. La Berteaux, S. Moore and D. Kearns assisted in the field. The U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management, and California Department of Parks and Recreation, Off Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division (OR-1-SW-28) funded this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 124 BP 413 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.03.004 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4OA UT WOS:000364245200044 ER PT J AU Naing, H Fuller, TK Sievert, PR Randhir, TO Po, SHT Maung, M Lynam, AJ Htun, S Thaw, WN Myint, T AF Naing, Hla Fuller, Todd K. Sievert, Paul R. Randhir, Timothy O. Po, Saw Htoo Tha Maung, Myint Lynam, Antony J. Htun, Saw Thaw, Win Naing Myint, Than TI Assessing large mammal and bird richness from camera-trap records in the Hukaung Valley of Northern Myanmar SO RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; anthropogenic; biodiversity; distribution; Southeast Asia; wildlife ID PHOTOGRAPHIC RATES; ESTIMATE DENSITIES; CRYPTIC MAMMALS; TIGERS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; CARNIVORES; PREY AB Myanmar is regarded as a last frontier of biodiversity in Asia. We used results from camera-traps set for tigers (Panthera tigris) during 2001-2011 in the Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary of northern Myanmar to assess overall species richness of large mammals and birds, and to identify differences in species detection rates spatially and temporally. We deployed 403 camera stations during the dry seasons, October-July, of 2001-2011, placing 260 in the Core area (similar to 1,800 km(2)) and 143 in the Extension area (similar to 15,500 km(2)). From 10,750 trap-nights we obtained 2,077 independent photographs of wildlife species and 645 of humans. Wildlife included 35 species of mammals (19 carnivores, four primates, one elephant, six even-toed ungulates, one pangolin, and four rodents) and 16 species of birds. Of these, one is considered Critically Endangered, seven are Endangered, 11 are Vulnerable, and 5 are Near Threatened. Some species that probably occur in the Sanctuary (e.g., arboreal or semi-aquatic mammals) were not recorded, likely because of camera placement or rarity. In total, 48 species of wildlife were recorded in the Core area, while only 33 species were detected in the Extension area. Roughly half of the photographs were of poachers, villagers, and park rangers. The greater diversity of wildlife in the Core area may be partly due to increased patrol efforts, but is most likely due to differences in elevation, slope, density of streams, trails, and roads, and vegetation, all of which influence access to poachers. The decline in detection of tigers in the Core area, and several of their prey species, during this decade-long study suggests a need for increased management of human activities in order to conserve wildlife diversity in the Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary. C1 [Naing, Hla; Fuller, Todd K.; Randhir, Timothy O.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Naing, Hla; Po, Saw Htoo Tha; Htun, Saw; Myint, Than] Wildlife Conservat Soc Myanmar Program, Yangon 11051, Myanmar. [Sievert, Paul R.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Maung, Myint] NWCD, Forest Dept, Naypyitaw, Myanmar. [Lynam, Antony J.] Ctr Global Conservat, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Fuller, TK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM hlanain@eco.umass.edu; tkfuller@eco.umass.edu; psievert@eco.umass.edu; randhir@eco.umass.edu; htootha@gmail.com; myintkoun@gmail.com; tlynam@wcs.org; sawhtunwcs@gmail.com; nwcdfdmof@gmail.com; utm.myint062@gmail.com FU Wildlife Conservation Society; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund); Panthera Foundation; Save the Tiger Fund; Fulbright Program/Institute of International Education FX We thank the Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division (NWCD), a special branch of Myanmar Forest Department (MFD), Directors of NWCD, and Director Generals of MFD for the necessary permissions to carry out this long-term project at the HKVWS. We are grateful to the Park Wardens of the HKVWS and the senior and junior wildlife officers of NWCD for their cooperation, commitment and devotion to camera trap surveys. From the Wildlife Conservation Society Myanmar Program, we thank the Site Coordinator for HKVWS, the Northern Forest Complex Coordinator, the Country Director, and former Country Director for guidance and advice. We also thank the office managers and other field researchers from the Myanmar Program for their valuable suggestions and contributions. We express our appreciation to the local field staff for untiring efforts in supporting our field operations. We thank A. Rabinowitz, J. Goodrich for inspiration, guidance, and technical help. The Wildlife Conservation Society, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund), Panthera Foundation, Save the Tiger Fund, and Fulbright Program/Institute of International Education provided technical and financial support for this study. Two anonymous reviewers provided excellent suggestions for improvement of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 41 PU NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, SCHOOL BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI SINGAPORE PA DEPT ZOOLOGY, KENT RIDGE, SINGAPORE 0511, SINGAPORE SN 0217-2445 J9 RAFFLES B ZOOL JI Raffles Bull. Zool. PD DEC 31 PY 2015 VL 63 BP 376 EP 388 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DD3PC UT WOS:000369833600026 ER PT J AU Skiles, SM Painter, TH Belnap, J Holland, L Reynolds, RL Goldstein, HL Lin, J AF Skiles, S. McKenzie Painter, Thomas H. Belnap, Jayne Holland, Lacey Reynolds, Richard L. Goldstein, Harland L. Lin, John TI Regional variability in dust-on-snow processes and impacts in the Upper Colorado River Basin SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snow energy balance; snowmelt; dust-on-snow; light absorbing impurities; snow hydrology; spatial variability ID WIND EROSION; CLIMATE; COVER; DEPOSITION; HYDROLOGY; PLATEAU; BALANCE; ENERGY; MODEL; UTAH AB Dust deposition onto mountain snow cover in the Upper Colorado River Basin frequently occurs in the spring when wind speeds and dust emission peaks on the nearby Colorado Plateau. Dust loading has increased since the intensive settlement in the western USA in the mid 1880s. The effects of dust-on-snow have been well studied at Senator Beck Basin Study Area (SBBSA) in the San Juan Mountains, CO, the first high-altitude area of contact for predominantly southwesterly winds transporting dust from the southern Colorado Plateau. To capture variability in dust transport from the broader Colorado Plateau and dust deposition across a larger area of the Colorado River water sources, an additional study plot was established in 2009 on Grand Mesa, 150 km to the north of SBBSA in west central, CO. Here, we compare the 4-year (2010-2013) dust source, deposition, and radiative forcing records at Grand Mesa Study Plot (GMSP) and Swamp Angel Study Plot (SASP), SBBSA's subalpine study plot. The study plots have similar site elevations/environments and differ mainly in the amount of dust deposited and ensuing impacts. At SASP, end of year dust concentrations ranged from 0.83 mg g(-1) to 4.80 mg g(-1), and daily mean spring dust radiative forcing ranged from 50-65Wm(-2), advancing melt by 24-49 days. At GMSP, which received 1.0 mg g(-1) less dust per season on average, spring radiative forcings of 32-50Wm(-2) advanced melt by 15-30 days. Remote sensing imagery showed that observed dust events were frequently associated with dust emission from the southern Colorado Plateau. Dust from these sources generally passed south of GMSP, and back trajectory footprints modelled for observed dust events were commonly more westerly and northerly for GMSP relative to SASP. These factors suggest that although the southern Colorado Plateau contains important dust sources, dust contributions from other dust sources contribute to dust loading in this region, and likely account for the majority of dust loading at GMSP. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Skiles, S. McKenzie; Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Holland, Lacey; Lin, John] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Reynolds, Richard L.; Goldstein, Harland L.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Skiles, SM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM skiles@jpl.nasa.gov RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 FU NASA project [NNX10AO97G]; USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programmes; NASA FX We acknowledge Chris Landry/The Center for Snow and Avalanche Studies for data retrieval, compilation, and availability. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which improved this manuscript. This work was funded by the NASA project NNX10AO97G and JB received funding from the USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programmes. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract from NASA. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 26 BP 5397 EP 5413 DI 10.1002/hyp.10569 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DB1OO UT WOS:000368278100007 ER PT J AU Angeler, DG Allen, CR Garmestani, AS Gunderson, LH Hjerne, O Winder, M AF Angeler, David G. Allen, Craig R. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Gunderson, Lance H. Hjerne, Olle Winder, Monika TI Quantifying the Adaptive Cycle SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BALTIC SEA; PEG-MODEL; PHYTOPLANKTON; SYSTEMS; RESILIENCE; SUCCESSION; ECOSYSTEM; PLANKTON; COMMUNITIES; MECHANISMS AB The adaptive cycle was proposed as a conceptual model to portray patterns of change in complex systems. Despite the model having potential for elucidating change across systems, it has been used mainly as a metaphor, describing system dynamics qualitatively. We use a quantitative approach for testing premises (reorganisation, conservatism, adaptation) in the adaptive cycle, using Baltic Sea phytoplankton communities as an example of such complex system dynamics. Phytoplankton organizes in recurring spring and summer blooms, a well-established paradigm in planktology and succession theory, with characteristic temporal trajectories during blooms that may be consistent with adaptive cycle phases. We used long-term (1994-2011) data and multivariate analysis of community structure to assess key components of the adaptive cycle. Specifically, we tested predictions about: reorganisation: spring and summer blooms comprise distinct community states; conservatism: community trajectories during individual adaptive cycles are conservative; and adaptation: phytoplankton species during blooms change in the long term. All predictions were supported by our analyses. Results suggest that traditional ecological paradigms such as phytoplankton successional models have potential for moving the adaptive cycle from a metaphor to a framework that can improve our understanding how complex systems organize and reorganize following collapse. Quantifying reorganization, conservatism and adaptation provides opportunities to cope with the intricacies and uncertainties associated with fast ecological change, driven by shifting system controls. Ultimately, combining traditional ecological paradigms with heuristics of complex system dynamics using quantitative approaches may help refine ecological theory and improve our understanding of the resilience of ecosystems. C1 [Angeler, David G.; Hjerne, Olle; Winder, Monika] Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gunderson, Lance H.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Angeler, DG (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM david.angeler@slu.se FU Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University; Stockholm University's Strategic Marine Environmental Research Programme on Baltic Ecosystem Adaptive Management (BEAM); BONUS project [BIO-C3]; EU; Swedish Research Council FORMAS [2014-1193]; Swedish Research Council VR [2014-5828] FX Financial support from the Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, and by Stockholm University's Strategic Marine Environmental Research Programme on Baltic Ecosystem Adaptive Management (BEAM) and from the BONUS project BIO-C3, funded jointly by the EU and FORMAS is acknowledged. Additional support was provided by grants from the Swedish Research Councils VR (2014-5828) and FORMAS (2014-1193). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0146053 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0146053 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA0TN UT WOS:000367510500127 PM 26716453 ER PT J AU Garcia, T Zamalloa, CZ Jackson, PR Murphy, EA Garcia, MH AF Garcia, Tatiana Zamalloa, Carlo Zuniga Jackson, P. Ryan Murphy, Elizabeth A. Garcia, Marcelo H. TI A Laboratory Investigation of the Suspension, Transport, and Settling of Silver Carp Eggs Using Synthetic Surrogates SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WATER HARDNESS; HATCHING SUCCESS; RIVER; SUITABILITY; TURBULENCE; BASIN; SIZE AB Asian carp eggs are semi-buoyant and must remain suspended in the water to survive, supported by the turbulence of the flow, until they hatch and develop the ability to swim. Analysis of the transport and dispersal patterns of Asian carp eggs will facilitate the development and implementation of control strategies to target the early life stages. Experimenting with Asian carp eggs is complicated due to practical issues of obtaining eggs in close proximity to experimental facilities and extensive handling of eggs tends to damage them. Herein, we describe laboratory experiments using styrene beads (4.85 mm diameter) as synthetic surrogate eggs to mimic the physical properties of water-hardened silver carp eggs. The first set of experiments was completed in a rectangular vertical column filled with salt water. The salinity of the water was adjusted in an iterative fashion to obtain a close approximation of the fall velocity of the styrene beads to the mean fall velocity of silver carp water-hardened eggs. The terminal fall velocity of synthetic eggs was measured using an image processing method. The second set of experiments was performed in a temperature-controlled recirculatory flume with a sediment bed. The flume was filled with salt water, and synthetic eggs were allowed to drift under different flow conditions. Drifting behavior, suspension conditions, and settling characteristics of synthetic eggs were observed. At high velocities, eggs were suspended and distributed through the water column. Eggs that touched the sediment bed were re-entrained by the flow. Eggs saltated when they touched the bed, especially at moderate velocities and with a relatively flat bed. At lower velocities, some settling of the eggs was observed. With lower velocities and a flat bed, eggs were trapped near the walls of the flume. When bedforms were present, eggs were trapped in the lee of the bedforms in addition to being trapped near the flume walls. Results of this research study provide insights about transport, suspension, and dispersion of silver carp eggs. The knowledge gained from this study is useful to characterize the critical hydrodynamic conditions of the flow at which surrogates for silver carp water-hardened eggs settle out of suspension, and provides insight into how eggs may interact with riverbed sediments and morphology. C1 [Garcia, Tatiana; Jackson, P. Ryan; Murphy, Elizabeth A.] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Garcia, Tatiana; Zamalloa, Carlo Zuniga; Garcia, Marcelo H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Garcia, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tgarcia@usgs.gov OI Jackson, P. Ryan/0000-0002-3154-6108 FU U. S. Geological Survey; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; National Great Rivers Research and Educational Center FX This work was supported by the U. S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, and the National Great Rivers Research and Educational Center. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 29 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145775 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145775 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA0IX UT WOS:000367481900080 PM 26713855 ER PT J AU Wang, T Poland, MP Lu, Z AF Wang, Teng Poland, Michael P. Lu, Zhong TI Dome growth at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Arc, quantified by time series TerraSAR-X imagery SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dome growth; SAR imagery; volcanic deformation ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; HILLS VOLCANO; PIXEL OFFSETS; LAVA DOMES; ERUPTION; DEFORMATION; ALASKA; INTERFEROMETRY; INSTABILITY; MONTSERRAT AB Synthetic aperture radar imagery is widely used to study surface deformation induced by volcanic activity; however, it is rarely applied to quantify the evolution of lava domes, which is important for understanding hazards and magmatic system characteristics. We studied dome formation associated with eruptive activity at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Volcanic Arc, in 2011-2012 using TerraSAR-X imagery. Interferometry and offset tracking show no consistent deformation and only motion of the crater rim, suggesting that ascending magma may pass through a preexisting conduit system without causing appreciable surface deformation. Amplitude imagery has proven useful for quantifying rates of vertical and areal growth of the lava dome within the crater from formation to removal by explosive activity to rebirth. We expect that this approach can be applied at other volcanoes that host growing lava domes and where hazards are highly dependent on dome geometry and growth rates. C1 [Wang, Teng; Lu, Zhong] So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM teng.wang@kaust.edu.sa OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123; Wang, Teng/0000-0003-3729-0139 FU NASA Earth Surface & Interior Program [NNX14AQ95G]; USGS Volcano Hazards Program; Shuler-Foscue Endowment at Southern Methodist University FX The presented dome parameters are available in supporting information Table S1; any additional data may be obtained from T.W. (tengw@smu.edu). The TerraSAR-X data are copyrighted by German Aerospace Center (DLR) 2011-2012 and were provided through GEO1088. The reported research was supported by NASA Earth Surface & Interior Program grant NNX14AQ95G (T.W. and Z.L.), USGS Volcano Hazards Program (M.P.), and the Shuler-Foscue Endowment at Southern Methodist University (Z.L.). We thank Geoff Wadge, Rick Wessels, Daniel Dzurisin, and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10614 EP 10621 DI 10.1002/2015GL066784 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700045 ER PT J AU Ensign, SH Noe, GB Hupp, CR Skalak, KJ AF Ensign, Scott H. Noe, Gregory B. Hupp, Cliff R. Skalak, Katherine J. TI Head-of-tide bottleneck of particulate material transport from watersheds to estuaries SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; tidal freshwater river; tidal freshwater forested wetland; oligohaline marsh; carbon accumulation ID COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; SEA-LEVEL RISE; SEDIMENT DEPOSITION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTH-CAROLINA; ACCRETION; USA; FLOODPLAIN; HYDROLOGY; NITROGEN AB We measured rates of sediment, C, N, and P accumulation at four floodplain sites spanning the nontidal through oligohaline Choptank and Pocomoke Rivers, Maryland, USA. Ceramic tiles were used to collect sediment for a year and sediment cores were collected to derive decadal sedimentation rates using Cs-137. The results showed highest rates of short- and long-term sediment, C, N, and P accumulation occurred in tidal freshwater forests at the head of tide on the Choptank and the oligohaline marsh of the Pocomoke River, and lowest rates occurred in the downstream tidal freshwater forests in both rivers. Presumably, watershed material was mostly trapped at the head of tide, and estuarine material was trapped in oligohaline marshes. This hydrologic transport bottleneck at the head of tide stores most available watershed sediment, C, N, and P creating a sediment shadow in lower tidal freshwater forests potentially limiting their resilience to sea level rise. C1 [Ensign, Scott H.; Noe, Gregory B.; Hupp, Cliff R.; Skalak, Katherine J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Ensign, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM scott@aquaco.us OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; Aquatic Analysis and Consulting, LLC FX J. Batson, C. Bernhardt, G. Jolly, T. Kramer, E. Schenk, T. Sheehan, S. Ulrich, and A. Besterman provided invaluable field and laboratory assistance. C. Currin coined the phrase "sediment shadow." Support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program, and Aquatic Analysis and Consulting, LLC. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. S.H.E led sample collection and data analysis. G.B.N. and C.R.H. supervised analytical processes and helped interpret data. K.J.S. supervised isotopic analysis and helped interpret data. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10671 EP 10679 DI 10.1002/2015GL066830 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700019 ER PT J AU Ewing, SA O'Donnell, JA Aiken, GR Butler, K Butman, D Windham-Myers, L Kanevskiy, MZ AF Ewing, Stephanie A. O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Aiken, George R. Butler, Kenna Butman, David Windham-Myers, Lisamarie Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z. TI Long-term anoxia and release of ancient, labile carbon upon thaw of Pleistocene permafrost SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE permafrost; dissolved organic carbon; yedoma; acetate; uranium activity ratios; ammonium ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BOREAL CATCHMENT UNDERLAIN; NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST; BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ACTIVE LAYER; YUKON RIVER; GROUND ICE AB The fate of permafrost carbon upon thaw will drive feedbacks to climate warming. Here we consider the character and context of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in yedoma permafrost cores from up to 20m depth in central Alaska. We observed high DOC concentrations (4 to 129mM) and consistent low molecular weight organic acid concentrations in three cores. We estimate a DOC production rate of 12 mu molDOCm(-2)yr(-1) based on model ages of up to similar to 200kyr derived from uranium isotopes. Acetate C accounted for 241% of DOC in all samples. This proportion suggests long-term anaerobiosis and is likely to influence thaw outcomes due to biolability of acetate upon release in many environments. The combination of uranium isotopes, ammonium concentrations, and calcium concentrations explained 86% of the variation in thaw water DOC concentrations, suggesting that DOC production may be related to both reducing conditions and mineral dissolution over time. C1 [Ewing, Stephanie A.; Aiken, George R.; Butler, Kenna] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Ewing, Stephanie A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK USA. [Butman, David] Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Ewing, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM stephanie.ewing@montana.edu FU USGS through Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area; NRC postdoc program, Montana State University Vice President of Research and College of Agriculture; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station; National Science Foundation [EAR 0630257] FX We are grateful for the funding by USGS through the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area and the NRC postdoc program, Montana State University Vice President of Research and College of Agriculture, the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, and the National Science Foundation (EAR 0630257). We thank Jim Paces for his guidance and collaboration on U series analyses, Rob Striegl for his discussion and postdoc support, Paul Schuster and Tom Oliver for their IC and ICP-MS analyses, and Yuri Shur for his support on core acquisition and interpretation. We thank two anonymous reviewers as well as Robert Spencer and Viktor Brovkin for review of previous versions of this manuscript. Data used in this paper are provided as supporting information. Any questions about data analysis (R code, etc.) may be directed to S. Ewing. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10730 EP 10738 DI 10.1002/2015GL066296 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700036 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, CM Sharma, S Gray, DK Hampton, SE Read, JS Rowley, RJ Schneider, P Lenters, JD McIntyre, PB Kraemer, BM Weyhenmeyer, GA Straile, D Dong, B Adrian, R Allan, MG Anneville, O Arvola, L Austin, J Bailey, JL Baron, JS Brookes, JD de Eyto, E Dokulil, MT Hamilton, DP Havens, K Hetherington, AL Higgins, SN Hook, S Izmest'eva, LR Joehnk, KD Kangur, K Kasprzak, P Kumagai, M Kuusisto, E Leshkevich, G Livingstone, DM MacIntyre, S May, L Melack, JM Mueller-Navarra, DC Naumenko, M Noges, P Noges, T North, RP Plisnier, PD Rigosi, A Rimmer, A Rogora, M Rudstam, LG Rusak, JA Salmaso, N Samal, NR Schindler, DE Schladow, SG Schmid, M Schmidt, SR Silow, E Soylu, ME Teubner, K Verburg, P Voutilainen, A Watkinson, A Williamson, CE Zhang, GQ AF O'Reilly, Catherine M. Sharma, Sapna Gray, Derek K. Hampton, Stephanie E. Read, Jordan S. Rowley, Rex J. Schneider, Philipp Lenters, John D. McIntyre, Peter B. Kraemer, Benjamin M. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Straile, Dietmar Dong, Bo Adrian, Rita Allan, Mathew G. Anneville, Orlane Arvola, Lauri Austin, Jay Bailey, John L. Baron, Jill S. Brookes, Justin D. de Eyto, Elvira Dokulil, Martin T. Hamilton, David P. Havens, Karl Hetherington, Amy L. Higgins, Scott N. Hook, Simon Izmest'eva, Lyubov R. Joehnk, Klaus D. Kangur, Kulli Kasprzak, Peter Kumagai, Michio Kuusisto, Esko Leshkevich, George Livingstone, David M. MacIntyre, Sally May, Linda Melack, John M. Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe C. Naumenko, Mikhail Noges, Peeter Noges, Tiina North, Ryan P. Plisnier, Pierre-Denis Rigosi, Anna Rimmer, Alon Rogora, Michela Rudstam, Lars G. Rusak, James A. Salmaso, Nico Samal, Nihar R. Schindler, Daniel E. Schladow, S. Geoffrey Schmid, Martin Schmidt, Silke R. Silow, Eugene Soylu, M. Evren Teubner, Katrin Verburg, Piet Voutilainen, Ari Watkinson, Andrew Williamson, Craig E. Zhang, Guoqing TI Rapid and highly variable warming of lake surface waters around the globe SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lakes; climate change; temperature ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SPATIAL ASSOCIATION; REGRESSION TREES; STATISTICS; TRENDS; MULTIPLE; BLOOMS AB In this first worldwide synthesis of in situ and satellite-derived lake data, we find that lake summer surface water temperatures rose rapidly (global mean=0.34 degrees C decade(-1)) between 1985 and 2009. Our analyses show that surface water warming rates are dependent on combinations of climate and local characteristics, rather than just lake location, leading to the counterintuitive result that regional consistency in lake warming is the exception, rather than the rule. The most rapidly warming lakes are widely geographically distributed, and their warming is associated with interactions among different climatic factorsfrom seasonally ice-covered lakes in areas where temperature and solar radiation are increasing while cloud cover is diminishing (0.72 degrees C decade(-1)) to ice-free lakes experiencing increases in air temperature and solar radiation (0.53 degrees C decade(-1)). The pervasive and rapid warming observed here signals the urgent need to incorporate climate impacts into vulnerability assessments and adaptation efforts for lakes. C1 [O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Rowley, Rex J.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Sharma, Sapna] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Gray, Derek K.] Calif Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, California, PA USA. [Hampton, Stephanie E.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Environm Res Educ & Outreach, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Read, Jordan S.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI USA. [Schneider, Philipp] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Lenters, John D.] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [McIntyre, Peter B.; Kraemer, Benjamin M.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Straile, Dietmar] Univ Konstanz, Limnol Inst, Constance, Germany. [Dong, Bo] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Adrian, Rita; Schmidt, Silke R.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Ecosyst Res, Berlin, Germany. [Allan, Mathew G.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Anneville, Orlane] Natl Inst Agr Res, UMR Ctr Alpin Rech Reseaux Troph Ecosyst Limn, Thonon Les Bains, France. [Arvola, Lauri] Univ Helsinki, Lammi Biol Stn, Lammi, Finland. [Austin, Jay] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Bailey, John L.] Laurentian Univ Sudbury, Cooperat Freshwater Ecol Unit, Minist Environm & Climate Change, Sudbury, ON, Canada. [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brookes, Justin D.; Rigosi, Anna] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Water Res Ctr, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [de Eyto, Elvira] Fisheries Ecosyst Advisory Serv, Inst Marine, Furnace, Newport, Ireland. [Dokulil, Martin T.] Univ Innsbruck, Res Inst Limnol, Mondsee, Austria. [Hamilton, David P.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Havens, Karl] Univ Florida, 2Florida Sea Grant & UF IFAS, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hetherington, Amy L.; Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Higgins, Scott N.] Int Inst Sustainable Dev Expt Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Hook, Simon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. [Izmest'eva, Lyubov R.; Silow, Eugene] Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Joehnk, Klaus D.] CSIRO, Land & Water Flagship, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Kangur, Kulli] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Tartu, Estonia. [Kasprzak, Peter] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Expt Limnol, Berlin, Germany. [Kumagai, Michio] Ritsumeikan Univ, Kusatsu, Japan. [Kuusisto, Esko] Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Leshkevich, George] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Livingstone, David M.] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Water Resources & Drinking Water, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [MacIntyre, Sally] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [May, Linda] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bush Estate, Midlothian, Scotland. [Melack, John M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe C.] Univ Hamburg, Dept Biol, Hamburg, Germany. [Naumenko, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci, Limnol Inst, Hydrol Lab, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Noges, Peeter; Noges, Tiina] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Ctr Limnol, Tartu, Estonia. [North, Ryan P.] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Plisnier, Pierre-Denis] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Dept Earth Sci, Tervuren, Belgium. [Rimmer, Alon] Kinneret Limnol Lab, Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, Migdal, Israel. [Rogora, Michela] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Study, Verbania, Italy. [Rusak, James A.] Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON, Canada. [Salmaso, Nico] Ist Agr S Michele Adige Fdn E Mach, IASMA Res & Innovat Ctr, Trento, Trento, Italy. [Samal, Nihar R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Samal, Nihar R.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schladow, S. Geoffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schmid, Martin] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Surface Waters Res & Management, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. [Soylu, M. Evren] Meliksah Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Kayseri, Turkey. [Teubner, Katrin] Univ Vienna, Fac Life Sci, Dept Limnol & Biol Oceanog, Vienna, Austria. [Verburg, Piet] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Voutilainen, Ari] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Kuopio, Finland. [Watkinson, Andrew] Seqwater, Ipswich, Qld, Australia. [Williamson, Craig E.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Zhang, Guoqing] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP O'Reilly, CM (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61761 USA. EM oreilly@ilstu.edu RI Johnk, Klaus/B-3382-2008; Higgins, Scott/F-5700-2016; Silow, Eugene/C-2958-2011; May, Linda/D-7943-2011; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; Hook, Simon/D-5920-2016; ROGORA, MICHELA/B-9237-2008; Schmid, Martin/C-3953-2009; Straile, Dietmar/A-4065-2008; OI Johnk, Klaus/0000-0002-5972-4201; Silow, Eugene/0000-0002-7039-3220; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Hook, Simon/0000-0002-0953-6165; ROGORA, MICHELA/0000-0003-3515-0220; Schmid, Martin/0000-0001-8699-5691; Straile, Dietmar/0000-0002-7441-8552; Zhang, Guoqing/0000-0003-2090-2813; Hampton, Stephanie/0000-0003-2389-4249 FU NASA Earth Science Division ROSES INCA; Science of Terra program; Aqua program; NASA ROSES [E.2]; NSF [1147666, 1136637, 1030242, 1128040, 1204267]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch [0226747]; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [IUT21-2]; University of Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research [CRN3038]; German Research Foundation DFG [STR 499/6-1]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science research project [GR 01201461929]; Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00400]; David and Lucille Packard Foundation FX Data used in this study are available in Sharma et al. [2013]. Funding in support of this work came from the following sources: NASA Earth Science Division ROSES INCA and Science of Terra and Aqua programs and NASA ROSES E.2; NSF awards 1147666, 1136637, 1030242, 1128040, and 1204267; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch 0226747; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research IUT21-2; University of Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research CRN3038; German Research Foundation DFG STR 499/6-1; Russian Ministry of Education and Science research project GR 01201461929, Russian Science Foundation Project 14-14-00400; and The David and Lucille Packard Foundation. We thank M. Moore and T. Kratz for support in developing this initiative, N. Barabas and D. Lofton for discussion, N. Keuler for help with statistical analyses, and K. Woo for technical assistance. D. K. Gray, S.E. Hampton, C.M. O'Reilly, and S. Sharma conceived the idea for this paper and co-led this project. D. K. Gray, S.E. Hampton, B.M. Kraemer, P.B. McIntyre, C. M. O'Reilly, J.S. Read, R.J. Rowley, S. Sharma, D. Straile, and G.A. Weyhenmeyer conducted analyses incorporated into this paper. D. K. Gray, B.M. Kraemer, C. M. O'Reilly, J. S. Read, R.J. Rowley, and S. Sharma drafted figures, tables, and headings for this paper. B. Dong, D. K. Gray, S.E. Hampton, B. M. Kraemer, P.B. McIntyre, C. M. O'Reilly, J. S. Read, R.J. Rowley, P. Schneider, and S. Sharma wrote sections of the text for this paper. All authors provided critical feedback, edits, and/or commented on drafts of this paper. J. D. Brookes, D. P. Hamilton, S. Hook, J. D. Lenters, D. Livingstone, P. B. McIntyre, C. M. O'Reilly, J. S. Read, and P. Schneider played important roles in the early development of the Global Lake Temperature Collaboration. NR 49 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 35 U2 94 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10773 EP 10781 DI 10.1002/2015GL066235 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700008 ER PT J AU Cornman, RS Otto, CRV Iwanowicz, D Pettis, JS AF Cornman, R. Scott Otto, Clint R. V. Iwanowicz, Deborah Pettis, Jeffery S. TI Taxonomic Characterization of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Pollen Foraging Based on Non-Overlapping Paired-End Sequencing of Nuclear Ribosomal Loci SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LAND-USE CHANGE; FLOWERING PLANTS; READ ALIGNMENT; POLLINATORS; CONSERVATION; VISITATION; PHYLOGENY; COMMUNITY; FORAGERS AB Identifying plant taxa that honey bees (Apis mellifera) forage upon is of great apicultural interest, but traditional methods are labor intensive and may lack resolution. Here we evaluate a high-throughput genetic barcoding approach to characterize trap-collected pollen from multiple North Dakota apiaries across multiple years. We used the Illumina MiSeq platform to generate sequence scaffolds from non-overlapping 300-bp paired-end sequencing reads of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS). Full-length sequence scaffolds represented similar to 530 bp of ITS sequence after adapter trimming, drawn from the 5' of ITS1 and the 3' of ITS2, while skipping the uninformative 5.8S region. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were picked from scaffolds clustered at 97% identity, searched by BLAST against the nt database, and given taxonomic assignments using the paired-read lowest common ancestor approach. Taxonomic assignments and quantitative patterns were consistent with known plant distributions, phenology, and observational reports of pollen foraging, but revealed an unexpected contribution from non-crop graminoids and wetland plants. The mean number of plant species assignments per sample was 23.0 (+/-5.5) and the mean species diversity (effective number of equally abundant species) was 3.3 (+/-1.2). Bray-Curtis similarities showed good agreement among samples from the same apiary and sampling date. Rarefaction plots indicated that fewer than 50,000 reads are typically needed to characterize pollen samples of this complexity. Our results show that a pre-compiled, curated reference database is not essential for genus-level assignments, but species-level assignments are hindered by database gaps, reference length variation, and probable errors in the taxonomic assignment, requiring post-hoc evaluation. Although the effective per-sample yield achieved using custom MiSeq amplicon primers was less than the machine maximum, primarily due to lower "read2" quality, further protocol optimization and/or a modest reduction in multiplex scale should offset this difficulty. As small quantities of pollen are sufficient for amplification, our approach might be extendable to other questions or species for which large pollen samples are not available. C1 [Cornman, R. Scott] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Otto, Clint R. V.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Iwanowicz, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Pettis, Jeffery S.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rcornman@usgs.gov FU US Department of Agriculture-Farm Service Agency; USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service; US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area FX Funding was provided by the US Department of Agriculture-Farm Service Agency and USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (JSP, CRVO), and by the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area (CRVO). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 23 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145365 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145365 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ4SI UT WOS:000367092600071 PM 26700168 ER PT J AU Holldorf, ET Siers, SR Richmond, JQ Klug, PE Reed, RN AF Holldorf, Elden T. Siers, Shane R. Richmond, Jonathan Q. Klug, Page E. Reed, Robert N. TI Invaded Invaders: Infection of Invasive Brown Treesnakes on Guam by an Exotic Larval Cestode with a Life Cycle Comprised of Non-Native Hosts SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; CONDITION INDEXES; PACIFIC ISLAND; PARASITE LOAD; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; FITNESS AB Background Multiple host introductions to the same non-native environment have the potential to complete life cycles of parasites incidentally transported with them. Our goal was to identify a recently detected parasitic flatworm in the invasive Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on the remote Pacific island of Guam. We considered possible factors influencing parasite transmission, and tested for correlations between infection status and potential indicators of host fitness. We used genetic data from the parasite and information about the native ranges of other possible non-native hosts to hypothesize how it arrived on Guam and how its life cycle may be currently supported. Methods We identified the parasite by comparing larval morphology and mtDNA sequences with other Pseudophyllid tapeworms. We assessed probability of infection in individual snakes using logistic regression and examined different factors influencing presence of parasites in hosts. Results We identified the parasite as the pseudophyllid cestode Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, with all sampled worms from multiple snakes sharing a single mtDNA haplotype. Infection appears to be limited to the only freshwater watershed on the island, where infection prevalence was high (77.5%). Larger snakes had a higher probability of being infected, consistent with the chronic nature of such infections. While infection status was positively correlated with body condition, infected snakes tended to have lower intra-peritoneal fat body mass, potentially indicating a negative effect on energy stores. Conclusions We discovered that B. irregularis inhabiting a small area of forested habitat in a freshwater watershed on Guam are often infected by a novel parasite of Asian origin. While further work is needed, this species of Spirometra, itself a non-native species, likely depends on a suite of recently introduced hosts from different parts of the world to complete the life cycle. This baseline study provides little evidence of any effects on host fitness, but additional data are needed to more thoroughly explore the consequences of infection in this invasive snake population. C1 [Holldorf, Elden T.] Cherokee Serv Grp LLC, Yigo, GU 96929 USA. [Siers, Shane R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Richmond, Jonathan Q.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Klug, Page E.; Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Holldorf, ET (reprint author), Cherokee Serv Grp LLC, Yigo, GU 96929 USA. EM eholldorf@usgs.gov OI Klug, Page/0000-0002-0836-3901 FU U.S. Department of the Navy (MIPR) [N61755-13-MP-001GS]; U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs; Invasive Species Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of the Navy (MIPR #N61755-13-MP-001GS; navy.mil), U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs (doi.gov//oia), and the Invasive Species Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (usgs.gov/ecosystems/invasive_species). No funders had a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 23 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0143718 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0143718 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ4SI UT WOS:000367092600007 PM 26699614 ER PT J AU Calvert, SE Piper, DZ Thunell, RC Astor, Y AF Calvert, S. E. Piper, D. Z. Thunell, R. C. Astor, Y. TI Elemental settling and burial fluxes in the Cariaco Basin SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Major and trace element settling fluxes in an anoxic basin; Redox-controlled trace element enrichments in settling material and basin-floor sediment; Settling fluxes and basin-floor accumulation compared ID TRACE-METAL GEOCHEMISTRY; SAANICH INLET SEDIMENTS; ANOXIC MARINE-SEDIMENTS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; BLACK-SEA; ORGANIC-MATTER; EXPORT PRODUCTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER AB The vertical flux of particles and their interactions within the ocean, together with the global ocean circulation, control the water-column distribution of a wide range of elements. Such processes condition patterns of their deposition and burial within marine sediments. Our understanding of these processes can be used to hindcast environmental conditions in the past from the sedimentary record. Here we report the major, minor and trace element compositions of a small sub-set of samples of sinking material collected at four depths (225, 410, 810, 1200 m) in the Cariaco Basin (10.5 degrees N, 64.67 degrees W), which is anoxic below similar to 275 m depth. We compare these data with the composition of the most recent basin floor sediment at the same location. The sediment trap samples examined represent material collected during both a high- and a low-productivity season, during a short-period flood event in coastal Venezuela, and immediately following an earthquake that induced a gravity flow. Our results show that the lithogenous composition of all four groups of trap samples and the basin floor sediment is uniform. This indicates that the source of siliciclastic detritus is largely from the local rivers draining the coastal region to the south of the Cariaco station. Enrichments of Ba relative to a model lithogenous background are found in the opal-rich high productivity samples from all depths; enrichments of Ag, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn, directly associated with the flux of phytoplankton organic matter from the photic zone, are found not only in the high productivity samples, but also in the low productivity samples that have higher CaCO3 contents and lower organic matter and opal contents. In addition, modest particle and sediment enrichments of some redox-sensitive trace elements that are known to be removed from solution and sequestered in suboxic and anoxic sediments, namely Cr, V and Re are observed. However, barely detectable enrichments of U and Mo are present in all trap samples. In contrast with the trap sample compositions, the modern laminated basin-floor sediment exhibits significantly higher contents of Re, Mo and U than a solely lithogenous contribution, confirming studies that have found greater sub-sea floor fixation of these elements. Finally, the high settling flux of Ba observed in the high productivity trap samples is not preserved in the bottom sediment. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Calvert, S. E.] Univ British Columbia, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Piper, D. Z.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thunell, R. C.] Univ S Carolina, Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Astor, Y.] Fdn La Salle Ciencias Nat, Estn Invest Margarita, Porlamar 6301, Venezuela. RP Calvert, SE (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM calvert@eos.ubc.ca FU NSF; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Geological Survey FX The Cariaco Basin sediment trap time series is supported by funding from the NSF to RCT. We acknowledge extensive laboratory analytical assistance of Maureen Soon (UBC), the provision of isotope dilution trace element data on the trap samples by Alice Chang (UVic), the generous donation of the set of bottom sediment sub-samples from core PL07-BC81 by Robert F. Anderson (LEO) and for sharing his accumulation rate data on this core, and the provision of water-column trace metal data by Steven Emerson (UW). This research was financially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant Program. DZP is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions, which have significantly improved this paper. NR 186 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 177 BP 607 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.10.001 PN 4 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA CZ0IQ UT WOS:000366788800003 ER PT J AU Tan, ZX Liu, SG AF Tan, Zhengxi Liu, Shuguang TI Corn Belt soil carbon and macronutrient budgets with projected sustainable stover harvest SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Minimum stover requirement; Soil nutrient budget; Soil nitrogen; Soil phosphorus; Soil potassium; Soil organic carbon ID AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE REMOVAL; ORGANIC-CARBON; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; YIELD; US; TILLAGE; BIOMASS AB Corn (Zea mays L.) stover has been identified as a prime feedstock for biofuel production in the U.S. Corn Belt because of its perceived abundance and availability, but long-term stover harvest effects on regional nutrient budgets have not been evaluated. We defined the minimum stover requirement (MSR) to maintain current soil organic carbon levels and then estimated current and future soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) budgets for various stover harvest scenarios. Analyses for 2006 through 2010 across the entire Corn Belt indicated that currently, 28 Tg or 1.6 Mg ha(-1) of stover could be sustainably harvested from 17.95 million hectares (Mha) with N, P, and K removal of 113, 26, and 47 kg ha(-1), respectively, and C removal for that period was estimated to be 4.55 Mg C ha(-1). Assuming continued yield increases and a planted area of 26.74 Mha in 2050, 77.4 Tg stover (or 2.4 Mg ha(-1)) could be sustainably harvested with N, P, and K removal of 177, 37, and 72 kg ha(-1), respectively, along with C removal of 6.57 Mg c ha(-1). Although there would be significant variation across the region, harvesting only the excess over the MSR under current fertilization rates would result in a small depletion of soil N (-5 +/- 27 kg ha(-1)) and K (-20 +/- 31 kg ha(-1)) and a moderate surplus of P (36 +/- 18 kg ha-1). Our 2050 projections based on continuing to keep the MSR, but having higher yields indicate that soil N and K deficits would become larger, thus emphasize the importance of balancing soil nutrient supply with crop residue removal. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tan, Zhengxi] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci ERO, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Tan, ZX (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ztan@usgs.gov OI Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Renewable Energy-Biofuels Project of the Land Change Science Program; USGS [G15PC00028] FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Renewable Energy-Biofuels Project of the Land Change Science Program. Authors appreciate Dr. D. L. Karlen and Mr. T. Anderson for their thoughtful edits. Also the authors thank Dr. L. Ji for his assistance in map generation. Work of Z. Tan was performed under USGS contract G15PC00028. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 212 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2015.06.022 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR3VL UT WOS:000361261100012 ER PT J AU Moreau, JW Gionfriddo, CM Krabbenhoft, DP Ogorek, JM DeWild, JF Aiken, GR Roden, EE AF Moreau, John W. Gionfriddo, Caitlin M. Krabbenhoft, David P. Ogorek, Jacob M. DeWild, John F. Aiken, George R. Roden, Eric E. TI The Effect of Natural Organic Matter on Mercury Methylation by Desulfobulbus propionicus 1pr3 SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mercury methylation; methylmercury; sulfate-reducing bacteria; natural organic matter; mercury isotopes ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS ND132; STRAIN WALVIS BAY; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; BIOLOGICAL METHYLATION; SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES; PRINCIPAL METHYLATORS; ANOXIC ENVIRONMENTS AB Methylation of tracer and ambient mercury (Hg-200 and Hg-202, respectively) equilibrated with four different natural organic matter (NOM) isolates was investigated in vivo using the Hg-methylating sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfobulbus propionicus 1pr3. Desulfobulbus cultures grown fermentatively with environmentally representative concentrations of dissolved NOM isolates, Hg[II], and HS- were assayed for absolute methylmercury (MeHg) concentration and conversion of Hg(II) to MeHg relative to total unfiltered Hg(II). Results showed the Hg-200 tracer was methylated more efficiently in the presence of hydrophobic NOM isolates than in the presence of transphilic NOM, or in the absence of NOM. Different NOM isolates were associated with variable methylation efficiencies for either the Hg-202 tracer or ambient Hg-200. One hydrophobic NOM, F1 HpoA derived from dissolved organic matter from the Florida Everglades, was equilibrated for different times with Hg tracer, which resulted in different methylation rates. A 5 day equilibration with F1 HpoA resulted in more MeHg production than either the 4 h or 30 day equilibration periods, suggesting a time dependence for NOM-enhanced Hg bioavailability for methylation. C1 [Moreau, John W.; Gionfriddo, Caitlin M.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Krabbenhoft, David P.; Ogorek, Jacob M.; DeWild, John F.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Roden, Eric E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Moreau, JW (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. EM jmoreau@unimelb.edu.au OI Moreau, John W/0000-0002-5997-522X; Gionfriddo, Caitlin/0000-0003-0745-9255 FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship; U.S. Geological Survey National Research and Priority Ecosystems and Toxic Substances Hydrology programs FX We acknowledge helpful advice and comments from Brett Poulin, Cynthia Gilmour, Janina Benoit, Thomas Sabin and Evgenya Shelobolina, and from the two reviewers. We acknowledge the patient and adroit editorial handling of our manuscript by Jennifer Glass. This research was funded by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship (to JM), and by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research and Priority Ecosystems and Toxic Substances Hydrology programs (to DK and GA). Any use of trade, firm, or product: names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 109 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 33 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 1389 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01389 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CZ3FK UT WOS:000366989600001 PM 26733947 ER PT J AU Hall, JS Russell, RE Franson, JC Soos, C Dusek, RJ Allen, RB Nashold, SW TeSlaa, JL Jonsson, JE Ballard, JR Harms, NJ Brown, JD AF Hall, Jeffrey S. Russell, Robin E. Franson, J. Christian Soos, Catherine Dusek, Robert J. Allen, R. Bradford Nashold, Sean W. TeSlaa, Joshua L. Jonsson, Jon Einar Ballard, Jennifer R. Harms, Naomi Jane Brown, Justin D. TI Avian Influenza Ecology in North Atlantic Sea Ducks: Not All Ducks Are Created Equal SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; MIGRATORY BIRDS; WILD BIRDS; WATERFOWL; EVOLUTION; AMERICAN; REASSORTMENT; PERSISTENCE; INFECTION; MOVEMENT AB Wild waterfowl are primary reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIV). However the role of sea ducks in the ecology of avian influenza, and how that role differs from freshwater ducks, has not been examined. We obtained and analyzed sera from North Atlantic sea ducks and determined the seroprevalence in those populations. We also tested swab samples from North Atlantic sea ducks for the presence of AIV. We found relatively high serological prevalence (61%) in these sea duck populations but low virus prevalence (0.3%). Using these data we estimated that an antibody half-life of 141 weeks (3.2 years) would be required to attain these prevalences. These findings are much different than what is known in freshwater waterfowl and have implications for surveillance efforts, AIV in marine environments, and the roles of sea ducks and other long-lived waterfowl in avian influenza ecology. C1 [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Russell, Robin E.; Franson, J. Christian; Dusek, Robert J.; Nashold, Sean W.; TeSlaa, Joshua L.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Soos, Catherine] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Allen, R. Bradford] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Jonsson, Jon Einar] Univ Iceland, Snaefellsnes Res Ctr, IS-245 Stykkisholmur, Iceland. [Ballard, Jennifer R.; Brown, Justin D.] Univ Georgia, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Harms, Naomi Jane] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jshall@usgs.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; TeSlaa, Joshua/0000-0001-7802-3454; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Nashold, Sean/0000-0002-8869-6633; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200400041C, HHSN266200700007C] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract Nos. HHSN266200400041C and HHSN266200700007C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144524 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144524 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY9JO UT WOS:000366723400017 PM 26677841 ER PT J AU Bedrosian, PA Love, JJ AF Bedrosian, Paul A. Love, Jeffrey J. TI Mapping geoelectric fields during magnetic storms: Synthetic analysis of empirical United States impedances SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETICALLY INDUCED CURRENTS; USARRAY MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTIVITY; NETWORK; SYSTEMS; MODELS; HAZARD AB Empirical impedance tensors obtained from EarthScope magnetotelluric data at sites distributed across the midwestern United States are used to examine the feasibility of mapping magnetic storm induction of geoelectric fields. With these tensors, in order to isolate the effects of Earth conductivity structure, we perform a synthetic analysis-calculating geoelectric field variations induced by a geomagnetic field that is geographically uniform but varying sinusoidally with a chosen set of oscillation frequencies that are characteristic of magnetic storm variations. For north-south oriented geomagnetic oscillations at a period of T-0= 100 s, induced geoelectric field vectors show substantial geographically distributed differences in amplitude (approximately a factor of 100), direction (up to 130 degrees), and phase (over a quarter wavelength). These differences are the result of three-dimensional Earth conductivity structure, and they highlight a shortcoming of one-dimensional conductivity models (and other synthetic models not derived from direct geophysical measurement) that are used in the evaluation of storm time geoelectric hazards for the electric power grid industry. A hypothetical extremely intense magnetic storm having 500 nT amplitude at T-0= 100 s would induce geoelectric fields with an average amplitude across the midwestern United States of about 2.71 V/km, but with a representative site-to-site range of 0.15 V/km to 16.77 V/km. Significant improvement in the evaluation of such hazards will require detailed knowledge of the Earth's interior three-dimensional conductivity structure. C1 [Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Love, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bedrosian, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pbedrosian@usgs.gov FU USGS Geomagnetism Program FX We thank C.A. Finn, A. Kelbert, J. McCarthy, and J.L. Slate for reviewing a draft manuscript. We thank E.J. Rigler for useful conversations. This work would not have been possible without the efforts of the National Geoelectromagnetic Facility at Oregon State University, Zonge Engineering and Research Organization, and Green Geophysics, all of whom oversaw or carried out the acquisition of the EarthScope MT data presented here. A. Schultz, G.D. Egbert, and A. Kelbert are particularly thanked for the data QA/QC and time series analysis which make this data set accessible to the Earth science community. This work was supported by the USGS Geomagnetism Program. Magnetometer data from the Memambetsu Observatory can be obtained from either the Kakioka magnetic observatory (www.kakioka-jma.go.jp) or the Kyoto World Data Center (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp). EarthScope magnetotelluric impedance tensors can be obtained from the Data Management Center of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (ds.iris.edu/ds/products/emtf). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 23 DI 10.1002/2015GL066636 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MV UT WOS:000368343900009 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, AJ Tercek, MT Al-Chokhachy, R Ray, AM Thoma, DP Hossack, BR Pederson, GT Rodman, AW Olliff, T AF Sepulveda, Adam J. Tercek, Michael T. Al-Chokhachy, Robert Ray, Andrew M. Thoma, David P. Hossack, Blake R. Pederson, Gregory T. Rodman, Ann W. Olliff, Tom TI The Shifting Climate Portfolio of the Greater Yellowstone Area SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; VULNERABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; SNOWPACK; IMPACTS; TRENDS AB Knowledge of climatic variability at small spatial extents (< 50 km) is needed to assess vulnerabilities of biological reserves to climate change. We used empirical and modeled weather station data to test if climate change has increased the synchrony of surface air temperatures among 50 sites within the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) of the interior western United States. This important biological reserve is the largest protected area in the Lower 48 states and provides critical habitat for some of the world's most iconic wildlife. We focused our analyses on temporal shifts and shape changes in the annual distributions of seasonal minimum and maximum air temperatures among valley-bottom and higher elevation sites from 1948-2012. We documented consistent patterns of warming since 1948 at all 50 sites, with the most pronounced changes occurring during the Winter and Summer when minimum and maximum temperature distributions increased. These shifts indicate more hot temperatures and less cold temperatures would be expected across the GYA. Though the shifting statistical distributions indicate warming, little change in the shape of the temperature distributions across sites since 1948 suggest the GYA has maintained a diverse portfolio of temperatures within a year. Spatial heterogeneity in temperatures is likely maintained by the GYA's physiographic complexity and its large size, which encompasses multiple climate zones that respond differently to synoptic drivers. Having a diverse portfolio of temperatures may help biological reserves spread the extinction risk posed by climate change. C1 [Sepulveda, Adam J.; Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Tercek, Michael T.] Walking Shadow Ecol, Gardiner, MT 59030 USA. [Ray, Andrew M.; Thoma, David P.] Natl Pk Serv, Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitory Network, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Rodman, Ann W.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Np, WY 82190 USA. [Olliff, Tom] Natl Pk Serv, Intermountain Reg Landscape Conservat & Climate C, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Park Monitoring Project program; Walking Shadow Ecology FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Park Monitoring Project program. Walking Shadow Ecology provided support in the form of salary for author MTT, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of this author are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145060 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145060 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY9JH UT WOS:000366722700091 PM 26674185 ER PT J AU Renner, M Kuletz, KJ AF Renner, Martin Kuletz, Kathy J. TI A spatial-seasonal analysis of the oiling risk from shipping traffic to seabirds in the Aleutian Archipelago SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Chronic oil pollution; Marine birds; Marine spatial planing; Oil spills; Shipping lanes ID AERIAL SURVEILLANCE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RANDOM FORESTS; SPILL; IMPACTS; SEA; DISCHARGES; POLLUTION; PATTERNS; NEWFOUNDLAND AB Some of the largest seabird concentrations in the northern hemisphere are intersected by major shipping routes in the Aleutian Archipelago. Risk is the product of the probability and the severity incidents in an area. We build a seasonally explicit model of seabird distribution and combine the densities of seabirds with an oil vulnerability index. We use shipping density, as a proxy for the probability of oil spills from shipping accident (or the intensity chronic oil pollution). We find high-risk (above-average seabird and vessel density) areas around Unimak Pass, south of the Alaska Peninsula, near Buldir Island, and north of Attu Island. Risk to seabirds is greater during summer than during winter, but the month of peak risk (May/July) varies depending on how data is analyzed. The area around Unimak Pass stands out for being at high-risk year-round, whereas passes in the western Aleutians are at high risk mostly during summer. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Renner, Martin] Tern Again Consulting, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Renner, M (reprint author), Tern Again Consulting, 811 Ocean Dr Loop, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM 5630dc56@opayq.com FU Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); North Pacific Research Board [637, B64]; USFWS, Migratory Bird Management; Survey, Monitoring, and Assessment program of Migratory Bird Management, USFWS FX We would like to thank the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for their support, and the captain and crew of the M/V Tiglax for their hospitality. Aleutian Island Unit biologist Jeffrey Williams, provided numerous suggestions and stimulating discussions. Two anonymous reviewers made suggestions that improved this manuscript. We owe a special thank you to the many observers who conducted seabird surveys throughout the years, especially Elizabeth Labunski who was the field supervisor for USFWS at-sea work since 2008. We thank George L Hunt, Jr. for his numerous discussions and John F. Piatt and Gary Drew for making the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database available to us. Seabird surveys from 2008 through 2012 were supported in part by grants from the North Pacific Research Board (Projects No. 637 and B64) and USFWS, Migratory Bird Management. This study was made possible by a grant from the Survey, Monitoring, and Assessment program of Migratory Bird Management, USFWS. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 101 IS 1 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA2MV UT WOS:000367630700026 PM 26602441 ER PT J AU Bargar, TA Alvarez, DA Garrison, VH AF Bargar, Timothy A. Alvarez, David A. Garrison, Virginia H. TI Synthetic ultraviolet light filtering chemical contamination of coastal waters of Virgin Islands national park, St. John, US Virgin Islands SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE UV filter chemical; Virgin Islands national park; Water ID ORGANIC UV FILTERS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE WATERS; WASTE-WATER; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; TREATMENT PLANTS; MULTIPLE CLASSES AB Contamination of surface waters by synthetic ultraviolet light (UV) filtering chemicals is a concern for the Virgin Islands National Park (VINP). Discrete water samples were collected from VINP bays to determine UV filter chemical presence in the coastal waters. Spatial distribution and the potential for partitioning between subsurface waters and the sea surface microlayer (SML) were also examined. The UV filter chemicals 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, benzophenone-3, octinoxate, homosalate, and octocrylene were detected at concentrations up to 6073 ng/L (benzophenone-3). Concentrations for benzophenone-3 and homosalate declined exponentially (r(2) = 0.86 to 0.98) with distance from the beach. Limited data indicate that some UV filter chemicals may partition to the SML relative to the subsurface waters. Contamination of VINP coastal waters by UV filter chemicals may be a significant issue, but an improved understanding of the temporal and spatial variability of their concentrations would be necessary to better understand the risk they present. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bargar, Timothy A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Garrison, Virginia H.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Bargar, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM tbargar@usgs.gov FU USGS Contaminant Biology Program and Water Quality Partnership Program FX The authors wish to thank Thomas Kelley, Christy McManus, and Esther Francis of VINP for assistance with permitting and logistical support; Sybille Sorrentino of VI Ecotours for providing a kayak for sampling; and the anonymous reviewers that helped to improve this manuscript. This research was funded by the USGS Contaminant Biology Program and Water Quality Partnership Program, and was conducted under Virgin Islands National Park permit #VIIS-2014-SCI-0015. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 101 IS 1 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.077 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA2MV UT WOS:000367630700033 PM 26581812 ER PT J AU Doyle, E Biales, A Focazio, M Griffin, D Loftin, K Wilson, V AF Doyle, Elizabeth Biales, Adam Focazio, Mike Griffin, Dale Loftin, Keith Wilson, Vickie TI Effect-Based Screening Methods for Water Quality Characterization Will Augment Conventional Analyte-by-Analyte Chemical Methods in Research As Well As Regulatory Monitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Doyle, Elizabeth; Wilson, Vickie] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Biales, Adam] Natl Exposure Res Lib, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Focazio, Mike; Griffin, Dale] US Geol Survey, Tox Subst Hydrol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Loftin, Keith] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Focazio, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tox Subst Hydrol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mfocazio@usgs.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 24 BP 13906 EP 13907 DI 10.1021/es5053254 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ1NK UT WOS:000366872300002 PM 25521837 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Wylie, BK AF Gu, Yingxin Wylie, Bruce K. TI Developing a 30-m grassland productivity estimation map for central Nebraska using 250-m MODIS and 30-m Landsat-8 observations SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Satellite vegetation index (NDVI); Grassland productivity; Downscaling MODIS GSN; Landsat; Regression tree model; Central Nebraska ID ECOSYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANOMALIES; PLATTE RIVER-BASIN; GREAT-PLAINS; NDVI; SATELLITE; DATABASE; MODEL; USA AB Accurately estimating aboveground vegetation biomass productivity is essential for local ecosystem assessment and best land management practice. Satellite-derived growing season time-integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GSN) has been used as a proxy for vegetation biomass productivity. A 250-m grassland biomass productivity map for the Greater Platte River Basin had been developed based on the relationship between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) GSN and Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) annual grassland productivity. However, the 250-m MODIS grassland biomass productivity map does not capture detailed ecological features (or patterns) and may result in only generalized estimation of the regional total productivity. Developing a high or moderate spatial resolution (e.g., 30-m) productivity map to better understand the regional detailed vegetation condition and ecosystem services is preferred. The 30-m Landsat data provide spatial detail for characterizing human-scale processes and have been successfully used for land cover and land change studies. The main goal of this study is to develop a 30-m grassland biomass productivity estimation map for central Nebraska, leveraging 250-m MODIS GSN and 30-m Landsat data. A rule-based piecewise regression GSN model based on MODIS and Landsat (r = 0.91) was developed, and a 30-m MODIS equivalent GSN map was generated. Finally, a 30-m grassland biomass productivity estimation map, which provides spatially detailed ecological features and conditions for central Nebraska, was produced. The resulting 30-m grassland productivity map was generally supported by the SSURGO biomass production map and will be useful for regional ecosystem study and local land management practices. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gu, Yingxin] ASRC InuTeq, USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856 FU USGS [G13PC00028]; USGS Land Change Science Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels FX This work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028 and funded by the USGS Land Change Science Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels. The authors thank Lei Ji, Thomas Adamson, Sandra C. Cooper, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. The authors thank Norman Bliss for processing SSURGO data. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 171 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.10.018 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CZ0IE UT WOS:000366787600023 ER PT J AU Tripathy, GR Hannah, JL Stein, HJ Geboy, NJ Ruppert, LF AF Tripathy, Gyana Ranjan Hannah, Judith L. Stein, Holly J. Geboy, Nicholas J. Ruppert, Leslie F. TI Radiometric dating of marine-influenced coal using Re-Os geochronology SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Re-Os geochronology; marine-influenced coal; hydrogen index (HI); Matewan coal, Betsie Shale Member ID ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENTS; OSMIUM ISOTOPE; BLACK SHALES; TIME-SCALE; U-PB; SYSTEMATICS; AGE; BOUNDARY; BASIN; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Coal deposits are integral to understanding the structural evolution and thermal history of sedimentary basins and correlating contemporeous estuarine and fluvial delatic strata with marine sections. While marine shales may readily lend themselves to Re-Os dating due to the dominance of hydrogenous Re and Os, the lack of a chronometer for near-shore sedimentary environments hampers basinwide correlations in absolute time. Here, we employ the Re-Os geochronometer, along with total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval data, to determine the timing and conditions of a marine incursion at the top of the Matewan coal bed, Kanawha Formation, Pottsville Group, West Virginia, USA. The observed range for hydrogen index (HI: 267-290 mg hydrocarbon/gram total organic carbon) for these coal samples suggests dominance of aliphatic hydrocarbons with low carbon (97% of the 114 egg samples. PFEtCHxS concentrations ranged from n.d. to 3.1 ng/g ww (highest in Lake Michigan eggs). Mean Sigma(4)PFSA (92 to 97% perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)) and Sigma(9)PFCA concentration ranges were 44 to 740 and 4.8 to 118 ng/g ww, respectively. Sigma(4)PFSA showed a clear increasing concentration trend from the northwest to the southeast colonies. Also, Sigma(4)PFCA to Sigma(9)PFSA concentration ratios in gull eggs were greater in eggs from Lake Superior relative to colonies in the other lakes. PFOS concentrations in some egg samples were greater than some of the known lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) measured and reported in captive bird model studies. This study showed the increasing complexity of PFAS-CECs, and emphasized the importance of continuing monitoring of bioaccumulative PFAS in Great Lakes herring gulls. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch,Environm Canada,Natl Wildli, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Su, Guanyong] Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Moore, Jeremy N.; Williams, Lisa L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, East Lansing Ecol Serv Field Off, E Lansing, MI USA. [Martin, Pamela A.; de Solla, Shane R.] Environm Canada, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Bowerman, William W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Letcher, RJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch,Environm Canada,Natl Wildli, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM robert.letcher@ec.gc.ca; SuG@ec.gc.ca RI Su, Guanyong/A-7747-2017 FU Grant Agreement from United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [USFWS F13AC00454]; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality through their Clean Michigan Initiative at U.S. colony sites [USFWS F1 3AC00454]; Environment Canada's Chemicals Management Plan (CMP) FX Partial funding for this project is supported by a Grant Agreement from the United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service with funding from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (USFWS F13AC00454). Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the United States Government. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (USFWS F13AC00454), through their Clean Michigan Initiative, provided funding for the collection of the herring gull eggs at U.S. colony sites. Supplemental funds were provided by Environment Canada's Chemicals Management Plan (CMP; to R.J. Letcher). We thank David Blair in the Letcher Lab/OCRL in the NWRC at Carleton University for the CEC-PFAS sample analysis. We thank Nargis Ismail and Ken Drouillard at the GLIER (University of Windsor) for receiving and preparing the CMI-CWF herring gull egg homogenate samples. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 538 BP 468 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.083 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU2JD UT WOS:000363348900045 PM 26318684 ER PT J AU Raiho, AM Hooten, MB Bates, S Hobbs, NT AF Raiho, Ann M. Hooten, Mevin B. Bates, Scott Hobbs, N. Thompson TI Forecasting the Effects of Fertility Control on Overabundant Ungulates: White-Tailed Deer in the National Capital Region SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; SURVIVAL RATES; POPULATION; MINNESOTA; DYNAMICS; IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION; EFFICACY; PATTERNS; FAWNS; SIZE AB Overabundant populations of ungulates have caused environmental degradation and loss of biological diversity in ecosystems throughout the world. Culling or regulated harvest is often used to control overabundant species. These methods are difficult to implement in national parks, other types of conservation reserves, or in residential areas where public hunting may be forbidden by policy. As a result, fertility control has been recommended as a non-lethal alternative for regulating ungulate populations. We evaluate this alternative using white-tailed deer in national parks in the vicinity of Washington, D.C., USA as a model system. Managers seek to reduce densities of white-tailed deer from the current average (50 deer per km(2)) to decrease harm to native plant communities caused by deer. We present a Bayesian hierarchical model using 13 years of population estimates from 8 national parks in the National Capital Region Network. We offer a novel way to evaluate management actions relative to goals using short term forecasts. Our approach confirms past analyses that fertility control is incapable of rapidly reducing deer abundance. Fertility control can be combined with culling to maintain a population below carrying capacity with a high probability of success. This gives managers confronted with problematic overabundance a framework for implementing management actions with a realistic assessment of uncertainty. C1 [Raiho, Ann M.; Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Raiho, Ann M.; Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bates, Scott] Natl Pk Serv, Urban Ecol Ctr, Natl Capital Reg, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Raiho, AM (reprint author), St Marys Coll, Dept Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM araiho@nd.edu RI Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016 FU Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (RM-CESU), RM-CESU [H2370094000, J2340110031]; NTH; National Parks Service, Biological Resources Management Division FX This work was supported by Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (RM-CESU), RM-CESU Cooperative Agreement Number: H2370094000 (WASO), J2340110031. The PI for this grant is NTH. The task agreement follows: A primary mission of the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University is to understand and quantify ecosystems, and effectively communicate this information to decision-makers, managers, students, and the public. This project will meet these mission goals by 1) summarizing the issues, data protocols, approaches, and future needs for ungulate management throughout the NPS; and 2) quantifying population sizes, trajectories, and effects of different management strategies. Products will be summarized in a report to NPS managers and leadership. In addition, results will be presented to a wide variety of audiences, including: academics and managers via peer-reviewed publications and at science conferences; students and faculty of Colorado State University during lectures and seminars (Dr. Hobbs teaches a modeling course "Systems Ecology", which incorporates real-world results and models); and the general public through NPS press releases, newspaper articles, and the NPS website. This agreement will provide employment and education opportunities for a research assistant and graduate student at Colorado State University. The research assistant will gain hands on experience and direct knowledge about ungulate management science and real world management implementation in the NPS. Additionally, the research assistant will learn how to create searchable databases, facilitate a science/management workshop, gain a variety of perspectives from parks and managers during interviews for data and the workshop, and develop their writing abilities. These collective experiences will increase the capability of the research assistant to find future work in a state or federal wildlife agency or private sector (e.g., one of the many private consultants that works on ungulate management plans). The graduate student will learn state-of-the-art modeling procedures, greatly increase their quantitative, writing, and presentation capabilities, and develop materials that will be presented at university classes and seminars and national science conferences. The knowledge gained during the process will also facilitate interactions within the academic and agency setting and give the student a set of quantitative skills that are very marketable (e.g., developing hierarchical models in a Bayesian framework). The review (task 1) developed in this agreement will benefit the scientific community at large by informing them of current trends in NPS management and the scientific basis for those decisions. The models (task 2) will further the wildlife scientific and management communities on the limitations and requirements of using fertility control technology and culling to control ungulate populations. It will also increase the ability of the NPS to obtain correct targets during reduction operations, which will facilitate cooperative management efforts with state agencies outside of NPS units. The funders provided the data and helped the PI determine which model experiments to conduct.; This study was funded by the National Parks Service, Biological Resources Management Division. Comments and suggestions from Barry Noon, Ryan Monello, and Jenny Powers improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0143122 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0143122 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ1YX UT WOS:000366903300011 PM 26650739 ER PT J AU Aplin, KP Rhind, SG Ten Have, J Chesser, RT AF Aplin, K. P. Rhind, S. G. Ten Have, J. Chesser, R. T. TI Taxonomic revision of Phascogale tapoatafa (Meyer, 1793) (Dasyuridae; Marsupialia), including descriptions of two new subspecies and confirmation of P. pirata Thomas, 1904 as a 'Top End' endemic SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Marsupial; taxonomy; Australia; biogeography; subspecies ID BRUSH-TAILED PHASCOGALES; SOUTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA; PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES CONCEPT; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CARNIVOROUS MARSUPIALS; MATERNAL STRATEGIES; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; ISOODON-OBESULUS; CONTROL REGION; CYTOCHROME-B AB The Australian Brush-tailed Phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa sensu lato) has a broad but highly fragmented distribution around the periphery of the Australian continent and all populations are under significant ongoing threat to survival. A new appraisal of morphological and molecular diversity within the group reveals that the population in the 'Top End' of the Northern Territory is specifically distinct from all others, including those in the Kimberley region of Western Australia to the west and on Cape York of Queensland to the east. The name P. pirata Thomas, 1904 is available for the 'Top End' taxon. Three geographically disjunct populations are distinguished at subspecies level within P. tapoatafa on a suite of external and cranio-dental features; these are found in southeast Australia from South Australia to mid-coastal Queensland (nominotypical tapoatafa), southwest Western Australia (wambenger subsp. nov.), and the Kimberley region of Western Australia (kimberleyensis subsp. nov.). A potential fourth subspecies occurs on Cape York but remains too poorly represented in collections for adequate characterization. Molecular divergence estimates based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene indicate that the range disjunction across southern Australia probably dates from the Late Pliocene, with the multiple disjunctions across northern Australia being more recent though almost certainly exceeding 400,000 years. An argument is made for the continued use of the subspecies rank in Australian mammalogy, despite a general lack of consistency in its current application. C1 [Aplin, K. P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Rhind, S. G.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Conservat Biol & Environm Management, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Ten Have, J.] Dept Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Chesser, R. T.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Aplin, KP (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM aplink@si.edu; srhind@uow.edu.au; johanna.tenhave@daff.gov.au; chessert@si.edu FU Myer Foundation; Equity Trust (Albert George Youngman Estate) FX The laboratory work on which this study is based was undertaken while KA, JTH and RTC were staff of the Australian National Wildlife Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial and Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, A.C.T., Australia. We thank staff of CSIRO for providing library and computing facilities. All SEM images were taken by KA while holding a Visiting Professorship at the Kyoto University Museum. Funding for the new genetic work was provided by the Myer Foundation and Equity Trust (Albert George Youngman Estate). Dr Fred Ford and Dr Angela Frost assisted with photography and Angela Frost also produced the numerous figures. Peter Spencer supplied chromatographs to allow rescoring of some sequences produced during the earlier genetic study. Special thanks to Jiri and Marie Lochman for allowing us to reproduce their wonderful images of brush-tailed phascogales. The manuscript was greatly improved by the critical assessments of three anonymous reviewers and of Philippe Gaubert, the Mammalia taxon editor for Zootaxa. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 177 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 8 PY 2015 VL 4055 IS 1 BP 1 EP 73 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4055.1.1 PG 73 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CX7NT UT WOS:000365889500001 PM 26701461 ER PT J AU Huang, CQ Ling, PY Zhu, ZL AF Huang, Chengquan Ling, Pui-Yu Zhu, Zhiliang TI North Carolina's forest disturbance and timber production assessed using time series Landsat observations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE timber products output; remote sensing; vegetation change tracker ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; CHANGE TRACKER MODEL; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; FRAGMENTATION; SEGMENTATION; MISSISSIPPI; ACCURACY; DYNAMICS; ALABAMA; IMAGERY AB Wood products provide a relatively long-term carbon storage mechanism. Due to lack of consistent datasets on these products, however, it is difficult to determine their carbon contents. The main purpose of this study was to quantify forest disturbance and timber product output (TPO) using time series Landsat observations for North Carolina. The results revealed that North Carolina had an average forest disturbance rate of 178,000 ha per year from 1985 to 2010. The derived disturbance products were found to be highly correlated with TPO survey data, explaining up to 87% of the total variance of county level industrial roundwood production. State level TPO estimates derived using the Landsat-based disturbance products tracked those derived from ground-based survey data closely. The TPO modeling approach developed in this study complements the ground-based TPO surveys conducted by the US Forest Service. It allows derivation of TPO estimates for the years that did not have TPO survey data, and may be applicable in other regions or countries where at least some ground-based survey data on timber production are available for model development and dense time series Landsat observations exist for developing annual forest disturbance products. C1 [Huang, Chengquan; Ling, Pui-Yu] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Huang, CQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cqhuang@umd.edu FU NASA; US Geological Survey; USDA Forest Service FX This study contributes to the North American Carbon Program, with grant support from NASA's Land Cover and Land Use Change, Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and Applied Sciences Programs. Additional support was provided by the US Geological Survey and USDA Forest Service. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 EI 1753-8955 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 947 EP 969 DI 10.1080/17538947.2015.1034200 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA DB5JW UT WOS:000368551400001 ER PT J AU Bonar, SA Mercado-Silva, N Rahr, M Torrey, YT Cate, A AF Bonar, Scott A. Mercado-Silva, Norman Rahr, Matt Torrey, Yuta T. Cate, Averill, Jr. TI A Simple Web-Based Tool to Compare Freshwater Fish Data Collected Using AFS Standard Methods SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID PROGRESS AB The American Fisheries Society (AFS) recently published Standard Methods for Sampling North American Freshwater Fishes. Enlisting the expertise of 284 scientists from 107 organizations throughout Canada, Mexico, and the United States, this text was developed to facilitate comparisons of fish data across regions or time. Here we describe a user-friendly web tool that automates among-sample comparisons in individual fish condition, population length-frequency distributions, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) data collected using AFS standard methods. Currently, the web tool (1) provides instantaneous summaries of almost 4,000 data sets of condition, length frequency, and CPUE of common freshwater fishes collected using standard gears in 43 states and provinces; (2) is easily appended with new standardized field data to update subsequent queries and summaries; (3) compares fish data from a particular water body with continent, ecoregion, and state data summaries; and (4) provides additional information about AFS standard fish sampling including benefits, ongoing validation studies, and opportunities to comment on specific methods. The web tool-programmed in a PHP-based Drupal framework-was supported by several AFS Sections, agencies, and universities and is freely available from the AFS website and fisheriesstandardsampling.org. With widespread use, the online tool could become an important resource for fisheries biologists. C1 [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mercado-Silva, Norman] Colegio Frontera Sur Unidad Chetumal, Dept Sistemat & Ecol Acuat, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Rahr, Matt; Torrey, Yuta T.] Univ Arizona, Commun & Technol, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cate, Averill, Jr.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu FU University of Oregon; USGS, Cooperative Research Units; Loftus Consulting; USGS, Biological Informatics; U.S. Forest Service; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; USGS, National Climate Change and Wildlife Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); AFS; Golder and Associates; NPS; Ohio DNR; Iowa DNR; Google; Desert Southwest Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit; University of Arizona; USFWS; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Michigan DNR FX For programming assistance, advice about the web tool, funding, or help with design, we thank Alison Iles, University of Oregon; Joseph Margraf, USGS, Cooperative Research Units; Andrew Loftus, Loftus Consulting; Andrea Ostroff, USGS, Biological Informatics; Amy Unthank, U.S. Forest Service; Robert Curry, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Douglas Beard, USGS, National Climate Change and Wildlife Center; Doug Austen, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and AFS; Gary Ash, Golder and Associates; John Wullschleger, NPS; Kevin Kayle, Ohio DNR; Kevin Whalen and Don Dennerline, USGS, Cooperative Research Units; Jeff Kopaska, Iowa DNR; Kathryn Hurley and Christiaan Adams, Google; Larry Norris, Desert Southwest Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit; Patrick Barabe, Margrit McIntosh, Andrew Honaman, and Tracey Hummel, University of Arizona; Mark Brouder, USFWS; Mark Porath, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Ron Essig, USFWS; Gary Whelan, Michigan DNR; and Wayne Hubert, USGS, Cooperative Research Units. We thank Richard Stanton and Jim Bankson from Tanque Verde Ranch Resort for their collaboration on Arizona pond sampling. We thank anonymous reviewers and AFS editors for their helpful comments that fine-tuned the article. The web tool would not be possible without the assistance and work of numerous other contributors to efforts to standardize sampling methods in North America. No animals were involved in the research. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 12 BP 580 EP 589 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CY4FQ UT WOS:000366364400003 ER PT J AU Houghton, J Holt, MM Giles, DA Hanson, MB Emmons, CK Hogan, JT Branch, TA VanBlaricom, GR AF Houghton, Juliana Holt, Marla M. Giles, Deborah A. Hanson, M. Bradley Emmons, Candice K. Hogan, Jeffrey T. Branch, Trevor A. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. TI The Relationship between Vessel Traffic and Noise Levels Received by Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNDERWATER NOISE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WATCHING BOATS; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT; MODEL; CALLS AB Whale watching has become increasingly popular as an ecotourism activity around the globe and is beneficial for environmental education and local economies. Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) comprise an endangered population that is frequently observed by a large whale watching fleet in the inland waters of Washington state and British Columbia. One of the factors identified as a risk to recovery for the population is the effect of vessels and associated noise. An examination of the effects of vessels and associated noise on whale behavior utilized novel equipment to address limitations of previous studies. Digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) measured the noise levels the tagged whales received while laser positioning systems allowed collection of geo-referenced data for tagged whales and all vessels within 1000 m of the tagged whale. The objective of the current study was to compare vessel data and DTAG recordings to relate vessel traffic to the ambient noise received by tagged whales. Two analyses were conducted, one including all recording intervals, and one that excluded intervals when only the research vessel was present. For all data, significant predictors of noise levels were length (inverse relationship), number of propellers, and vessel speed, but only 15% of the variation in noise was explained by this model. When research-vessel-only intervals were excluded, vessel speed was the only significant predictor of noise levels, and explained 42% of the variation. Simple linear regressions (ignoring covariates) found that average vessel speed and number of propellers were the only significant correlates with noise levels. We conclude that vessel speed is the most important predictor of noise levels received by whales in this study. Thus, measures that reduce vessel speed in the vicinity of killer whales would reduce noise exposure in this population. C1 [Houghton, Juliana; Branch, Trevor A.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holt, Marla M.; Hanson, M. Bradley; Emmons, Candice K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Giles, Deborah A.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hogan, Jeffrey T.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA USA. RP Houghton, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM stephj5@uw.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Fisheries Ocean Acoustics Program; NOAA Northwest Regional Office through Cascadia Research Collective; University of Washington (UW) School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; UW College of Environment; Motion Picture Exhibitors of WA, AK OR Scholarship FX This work has been funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries Ocean Acoustics Program, NOAA Northwest Regional Office through Cascadia Research Collective, the University of Washington (UW) School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, the UW College of the Environment, and the Motion Picture Exhibitors of WA, AK & OR Scholarship. MMH, MBH, and CKE are employees of Northwest Fisheries Science Center. The other funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 60 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0140119 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0140119 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX8BI UT WOS:000365926300004 PM 26629916 ER PT J AU Jacques, CN Jenks, JA Grovenburg, TW Klaver, RW AF Jacques, Christopher N. Jenks, Jonathan A. Grovenburg, Troy W. Klaver, Robert W. TI Influence of Habitat and Intrinsic Characteristics on Survival of Neonatal Pronghorn SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; WESTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA; LARGE HERBIVORES; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MULE DEER; BIRTH SYNCHRONY; SITE SELECTION AB Increased understanding of the influence of habitat (e.g., composition, patch size) and intrinsic (e.g., age, birth mass) factors on survival of neonatal pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) is a prerequisite to successful management programs, particularly as they relate to population dynamics and the role of population models in adaptive species management. Nevertheless, few studies have presented empirical data quantifying the influence of habitat variables on survival of neonatal pronghorn. During 2002-2005, we captured and radiocollared 116 neonates across two sites in western South Dakota. We documented 31 deaths during our study, of which coyote (Canis latrans) predation (n = 15) was the leading cause of mortality. We used known fate analysis in Program MARK to investigate the influence of intrinsic and habitat variables on neonatal survival. We generated a priori models that we grouped into habitat and intrinsic effects. The highest-ranking model indicated that neonate mortality was best explained by site, percent grassland, and open water habitat; 90-day survival (0.80; 90% CI = 0.71-0.88) declined 23% when grassland and water increased from 80.1 to 92.3% and 0.36 to 0.40%, respectively, across 50% natal home ranges. Further, our results indicated that grassland patch size and shrub density were important predictors of neonate survival; neonate survival declined 17% when shrub density declined from 5.0 to 2.5 patches per 100 ha. Excluding the site covariates, intrinsic factors (i. e., sex, age, birth mass, year, parturition date) were not important predictors of survival of neonatal pronghorns. Further, neonatal survival may depend on available land cover and interspersion of habitats. We have demonstrated that maintaining minimum and maximum thresholds for habitat factors (e. g., percentages of grassland and open water patches, density of shrub patches) throughout natal home ranges will in turn, ensure relatively high (> 0.50) neonatal survival rates, especially as they relate to coyote predation. Thus, landscape level variables (particularly percentages of open water, grassland habitats, and shrub density) should be incorporated into the development or implementation of pronghorn management plans across sagebrush steppe communities of the western Dakotas, and potentially elsewhere within the geographic range of pronghorn. C1 [Jacques, Christopher N.; Jenks, Jonathan A.; Grovenburg, Troy W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Jacques, CN (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM cn-jacques@wiu.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [75103]; National Park Service; Pope and Young Club; Safari Club International; South Dakota State University FX Funding was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration administered by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, Study No. 75103, the National Park Service administered through the South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at South Dakota State University, the Pope and Young Club, Safari Club International, and South Dakota State University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144026 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144026 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX8BI UT WOS:000365926300139 PM 26630484 ER PT J AU Smith, JE Bentley, SJ Snedden, GA White, C AF Smith, James E. Bentley, Samuel J. Snedden, Gregg A. White, Crawford TI What Role do Hurricanes Play in Sediment Delivery to Subsiding River Deltas? SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI DELTA; LOUISIANA; WETLANDS; ESTUARY; MARSHES; COAST AB The Mississippi River Delta (MRD) has undergone tremendous land loss over the past century due to natural and anthropogenic influences, a fate shared by many river deltas globally. A globally unprecedented effort to restore and sustain the remaining subaerial portions of the delta is now underway, an endeavor that is expected to cost $50-100B over the next 50 yr. Success of this effort requires a thorough understanding of natural and anthropogenic controls on sediment supply and delta geomorphology. In the MRD, hurricanes have been paradoxically identified as both substantial agents of widespread land loss, and vertical marsh sediment accretion. We present the first multidecadal chronostratigraphic assessment of sediment supply for a major coastal basin of the MRD that assesses both fluvial and hurricane-induced contributions to sediment accumulation in deltaic wetlands. Our findings indicate that over multidecadal timescales, hurricane-induced sediment delivery may be an important contributor for deltaic wetland vertical accretion, but the contribution from hurricanes to long-term sediment accumulation is substantially less than sediment delivery supplied by existing and planned river-sediment diversions at present-day river-sediment loads. C1 [Smith, James E.; Bentley, Samuel J.; White, Crawford] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Smith, James E.; Bentley, Samuel J.; White, Crawford] Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Snedden, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Bentley, SJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sjb@lsu.edu FU US Army Corps of Engineers New Orleans District; National Science Foundation via Coastal SEES Award [1427389]; Billy and Ann Harrison Endowment for Sedimentary Geology of the Louisiana State University Foundation FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the US Army Corps of Engineers New Orleans District for core collection and compositional analysis. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation via Coastal SEES Award #1427389, and the Billy and Ann Harrison Endowment for Sedimentary Geology of the Louisiana State University Foundation. Sarai Piazza and two anonymous reviewers also provided critical review of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17582 DI 10.1038/srep17582 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX3ZJ UT WOS:000365637700001 PM 26628104 ER PT J AU Baker, PA Fritz, SC Silva, CG Rigsby, CA Absy, ML Almeida, RP Caputo, M Chiessi, CM Cruz, FW Dick, CW Feakins, SJ Figueiredo, J Freeman, KH Hoorn, C Jaramillo, C Kern, AK Latrubesse, EM Ledru, MP Marzoli, A Myrbo, A Noren, A Piller, WE Ramos, MIF Ribas, CC Trnadade, R West, AJ Wahnfried, I Willard, DA AF Baker, P. A. Fritz, S. C. Silva, C. G. Rigsby, C. A. Absy, M. L. Almeida, R. P. Caputo, M. Chiessi, C. M. Cruz, F. W. Dick, C. W. Feakins, S. J. Figueiredo, J. Freeman, K. H. Hoorn, C. Jaramillo, C. Kern, A. K. Latrubesse, E. M. Ledru, M. P. Marzoli, A. Myrbo, A. Noren, A. Piller, W. E. Ramos, M. I. F. Ribas, C. C. Trnadade, R. West, A. J. Wahnfried, I. Willard, D. A. TI Trans-Amazon Drilling Project (TADP): origins and evolution of the forests, climate, and hydrology of the South American tropics SO SCIENTIFIC DRILLING LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC MAGMATIC PROVINCE; TRIASSIC MASS EXTINCTION; NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; LATE MIOCENE RISE; SOLIMOES FORMATION; BIODIVERSITY; UPLIFT; DIVERSIFICATION; HISTORY; ALTIPLANO AB This article presents the scientific rationale for an ambitious ICDP drilling project to continuously sample Late Cretaceous to modern sediment in four different sedimentary basins that transect the equatorial Amazon of Brazil, from the Andean foreland to the Atlantic Ocean. The goals of this project are to document the evolution of plant biodiversity in the Amazon forests and to relate biotic diversification to changes in the physical environment, including climate, tectonism, and the surface landscape. These goals require long sedimentary records from each of the major sedimentary basins across the heart of the Brazilian Amazon, which can only be obtained by drilling because of the scarcity of Cenozoic outcrops. The proposed drilling will provide the first long, nearly continuous regional records of the Cenozoic history of the forests, their plant diversity, and the associated changes in climate and environment. It also will address fundamental questions about landscape evolution, including the history of Andean uplift and erosion as recorded in Andean foreland basins and the development of west-to-east hydrologic continuity between the Andes, the Amazon lowlands, and the equatorial Atlantic. Because many modern rivers of the Amazon basin flow along the major axes of the old sedimentary basins, we plan to locate drill sites on the margin of large rivers and to access the targeted drill sites by navigation along these rivers. C1 [Baker, P. A.] Duke Univ, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Baker, P. A.; Rigsby, C. A.] Yachay Tech Univ, San Miguel De Urcuqui, Imbabura, Ecuador. [Fritz, S. C.] Univ Nebraska, Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Silva, C. G.] Univ Fed Fluminense, Dept Geol, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. [Rigsby, C. A.] East Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC USA. [Absy, M. L.; Ribas, C. C.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Almeida, R. P.; Chiessi, C. M.; Cruz, F. W.; Kern, A. K.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Arts Sci & Humanities, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Caputo, M.] Geoarte Consultoria Geol & Artist Ltda, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Dick, C. W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Feakins, S. J.; West, A. J.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Figueiredo, J.] OGX Oil & Gas Brazil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Freeman, K. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, State Coll, PA USA. [Hoorn, C.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyt Dynam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Latrubesse, E. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geog, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ledru, M. P.] Univ Montpellier, Inst Rech Dev, Montpellier, France. [Marzoli, A.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Geosci, Padua, Italy. [Myrbo, A.; Noren, A.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Limnol Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Piller, W. E.] Graz Univ, Inst Earth Sci, Graz, Austria. [Ramos, M. I. F.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Trnadade, R.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Fac Oceanog, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Wahnfried, I.] Univ Fed Amazonas, Dept Geociencias, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Willard, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Baker, PA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM pbaker@duke.edu RI Almeida, Renato/G-2567-2013; Chiessi, Cristiano/E-1916-2012; Feakins, Sarah/K-4149-2012 OI Almeida, Renato/0000-0003-3664-1558; Chiessi, Cristiano/0000-0003-3318-8022; MARZOLI, ANDREA/0000-0003-0093-2759; Feakins, Sarah/0000-0003-3434-2423 NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1816-8957 EI 1816-3459 J9 SCI DRILL JI Sci. Drill. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.5194/sd-20-41-2015 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DQ7XY UT WOS:000379423200006 ER PT J AU Jackson, MD Gudmundsson, MT Bach, W Cappelletti, P Coleman, NJ Ivarsson, M Jonasson, K Jorgensen, SL Marteinsson, V McPhie, J Moore, JG Nielson, D Rhodes, JM Rispoli, C Schiffman, P Stefansson, A Turke, A Vanorio, T Weisenberger, TB White, JDL Zierenberg, R Zimanowski, B AF Jackson, M. D. Gudmundsson, M. T. Bach, W. Cappelletti, P. Coleman, N. J. Ivarsson, M. Jonasson, K. Jorgensen, S. L. Marteinsson, V. McPhie, J. Moore, J. G. Nielson, D. Rhodes, J. M. Rispoli, C. Schiffman, P. Stefansson, A. Tuerke, A. Vanorio, T. Weisenberger, T. B. White, J. D. L. Zierenberg, R. Zimanowski, B. TI Time-lapse characterization of hydrothermal seawater and microbial interactions with basaltic tephra at Surtsey Volcano SO SCIENTIFIC DRILLING LA English DT Article ID AL-TOBERMORITE; SEA-FLOOR; CONCRETE; ICELAND; DIVERSITY; OCEAN; EXCHANGERS; SERIES; GLASS; LIFE AB A new International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) project will drill through the 50-year-old edifice of Surtsey Volcano, the youngest of the Vestmannaeyjar Islands along the south coast of Iceland, to perform interdisciplinary time-lapse investigations of hydrothermal and microbial interactions with basaltic tephra. The volcano, created in 1963-1967 by submarine and subaerial basaltic eruptions, was first drilled in 1979. In October 2014, a workshop funded by the ICDP convened 24 scientists from 10 countries for 3 and a half days on Heimaey Island to develop scientific objectives, site the drill holes, and organize logistical support. Representatives of the Surtsey Research Society and Environment Agency of Iceland also participated. Scientific themes focus on further determinations of the structure and eruptive processes of the type locality of Surtseyan volcanism, descriptions of changes in fluid geochemistry and microbial colonization of the subterrestrial deposits since drilling 35 years ago, and monitoring the evolution of hydrothermal and biological processes within the tephra deposits far into the future through the installation of a Surtsey subsurface observatory. The tephra deposits provide a geologic analog for developing specialty concretes with pyroclastic rock and evaluating their long-term performance under diverse hydrothermal conditions. Abstracts of research projects are posted at http://surtsey.icdp-online.org. C1 [Jackson, M. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gudmundsson, M. T.; Stefansson, A.] Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Nordvulk, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Bach, W.; Tuerke, A.] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, Bremen, Germany. [Cappelletti, P.; Rispoli, C.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Risorse DiSTAR, Naples, Italy. [Coleman, N. J.] Univ Greenwich, Dept Pharmaceut Chem & Environm Sci, London SE18 6PF, Kent, England. [Ivarsson, M.] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeobiol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Jonasson, K.] Icelandic Inst Nat Hist, Gardabaer, Iceland. [Jorgensen, S. L.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Ctr Geobiol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Marteinsson, V.] Matis, Food Safety Environm & Genet, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Marteinsson, V.] Agr Univ Iceland, IS-311 Hvanneyri, Borgarnes, Iceland. [McPhie, J.] Univ Tasmania, Dept Earth Sci, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Moore, J. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nielson, D.] DOSECC Explorat Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Rhodes, J. M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Schiffman, P.; Zierenberg, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vanorio, T.] Stanford Rock Phys Lab, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA USA. [Weisenberger, T. B.] Iceland GeoSurvey, ISOR, Reykjavik, Iceland. [White, J. D. L.] Univ Otago, Dept Geol, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Zimanowski, B.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Geog & Geol, Wurzburg, Germany. RP Jackson, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mdjjackson@gmail.com RI Zierenberg, Robert/F-9329-2012; Bach, Wolfgang/D-3713-2017; OI Zierenberg, Robert/0000-0001-9384-7355; Bach, Wolfgang/0000-0002-3099-7142; Cappelletti, Piergiulio/0000-0001-5396-8259; Jackson, Marie D./0000-0002-5180-3060 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1816-8957 EI 1816-3459 J9 SCI DRILL JI Sci. Drill. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.5194/sd-20-51-2015 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DQ7XY UT WOS:000379423200007 ER PT J AU Morrow, C Lockner, DA Hickman, S AF Morrow, C. Lockner, D. A. Hickman, S. TI Low resistivity and permeability in actively deforming shear zones on the San Andreas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FAULT GOUGE; COMPLEX RESISTIVITY; DEPTH SAFOD; EARTHQUAKE; CORE; ROCKS; SERPENTINITE; CALIFORNIA; STRENGTH; TAIWAN AB The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) scientific drill hole near Parkfield, California, crosses the San Andreas Fault at a depth of 2.7 km. Downhole measurements and analysis of core retrieved from Phase 3 drilling reveal two narrow, actively deforming zones of smectite-clay gouge within a roughly 200 m wide fault damage zone of sandstones, siltstones, and mudstones. Here we report electrical resistivity and permeability measurements on core samples from all of these structural units at effective confining pressures up to 120 MPa. Electrical resistivity (similar to 10 Omega-m) and permeability (10(-21) to 10(-22) m(2)) in the actively deforming zones were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than the surrounding damage zone material, consistent with broader-scale observations from the downhole resistivity and seismic velocity logs. The higher porosity of the clay gouge, 2 to 8 times greater than that in the damage zone rocks, along with surface conduction were the principal factors contributing to the observed low resistivities. The high percentage of fine-grained clay in the deforming zones also greatly reduced permeability to values low enough to create a barrier to fluid flow across the fault. Together, resistivity and permeability data can be used to assess the hydrogeologic characteristics of the fault, key to understanding fault structure and strength. The low resistivities and strength measurements of the SAFOD core are consistent with observations of low resistivity clays that are often found in the principal slip zones of other active faults making resistivity logs a valuable tool for identifying these zones. C1 [Morrow, C.; Lockner, D. A.; Hickman, S.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Morrow, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cmorrow@usgs.gov FU NEHRP FX Supporting data for this paper are included in Table 1. Additional data may be obtained from C.M. (e-mail: cmorrow@usgs.gov). This project was funded by NEHRP. Thanks to Malcolm Johnston, Stephen Park, Hiroki Sone, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 8240 EP 8258 DI 10.1002/2015JB012214 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DG6OG UT WOS:000372204600016 ER PT J AU Boghosian, A Tinto, K Cochran, JR Porter, D Elieff, S Burton, BL Bell, RE AF Boghosian, Alexandra Tinto, Kirsty Cochran, James R. Porter, David Elieff, Stefan Burton, Bethany L. Bell, Robin E. TI Resolving bathymetry from airborne gravity along Greenland fjords SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID PINE ISLAND GLACIER; ICE-SHEET; WEST ANTARCTICA; OCEAN WATERS; JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; SHELF; ACCELERATION; BENEATH; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB Recent glacier mass loss in Greenland has been attributed to encroaching warming waters, but knowledge of fjord bathymetry is required to investigate this mechanism. The bathymetry in many Greenland fjords is unmapped and difficult to measure. From 2010 to 2012, National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Operation IceBridge collected a unique set of airborne gravity, magnetic, radar, and lidar data along the major outlet glaciers and fjords in Greenland. We applied a consistent technique using the IceBridge gravity data to create 90 bathymetric profiles along 54 Greenland fjords. We also used this technique to recover subice topography where warmor crevassed ice prevents the radar system from imaging the bed. Here we discuss our methodology, basic assumptions and error analysis. We present the new bathymetry data and discuss observations in six major regions of Greenland covered by IceBridge. The gravity models provide a total of 1950 line kilometers of bathymetry, 875 line kilometers of subice topography, and 12 new grounding line depths. C1 [Boghosian, Alexandra; Tinto, Kirsty; Cochran, James R.; Porter, David; Bell, Robin E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Elieff, Stefan] Sander Geophys Ltd, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Burton, Bethany L.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Boghosian, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. EM alb@Ideo.columbia.edu RI Porter, David/D-2631-2017 OI Porter, David/0000-0002-9724-7303 FU NASA [NNX13AD25A, NNX12AB70G] FX All data from the OIB Greenland campaigns are archived at NSIDC and are available at http://nsidc.org/data/igbth4. This work was undertaken as part of NASA grants NNX13AD25A and NNX12AB70G and carried out at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University. Thanks go to all participants of Operation IceBridge, especially the Sander Geophysics field crews, Michael Studinger, John Sonntag, the ATM and MCoRDS teams, and the crews of the NASA P3 and DC8. Thanks also go to Carol Finn for overseeing the USGS magnetics effort for OIB. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments, questions, and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. The results presented in this paper make use of data collected at magnetic observatories. We thank the national institutes that support them and INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice (www.intermagnet.org). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 8516 EP 8533 DI 10.1002/2015JB012129 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DG6OG UT WOS:000372204600030 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, BT Plant, NG Thieler, ER Turecek, A AF Gutierrez, Benjamin T. Plant, Nathaniel G. Thieler, E. Robert Turecek, Aaron TI Using a Bayesian network to predict barrier island geomorphologic characteristics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MORPHOLOGICAL-BEHAVIOR MODEL; SCALE COASTAL CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; BEACH EROSION; SANDY BEACHES; LONG-TERM; STORM; LOUISIANA AB Quantifying geomorphic variability of coastal environments is important for understanding and describing the vulnerability of coastal topography, infrastructure, and ecosystems to future storms and sea level rise. Here we use a Bayesian network (BN) to test the importance of multiple interactions between barrier island geomorphic variables. This approach models complex interactions and handles uncertainty, which is intrinsic to future sea level rise, storminess, or anthropogenic processes (e.g., beach nourishment and other forms of coastalmanagement). The BN was developed and tested at Assateague Island, Maryland/Virginia, USA, a barrier island with sufficient geomorphic and temporal variability to evaluate our approach. We tested the ability to predict dune height, beach width, and beach height variables using inputs that included longer-term, larger-scale, or external variables (historical shoreline change rates, distances to inlets, barrier width, mean barrier elevation, and anthropogenic modification). Data sets from three different years spanning nearly a decade sampled substantial temporal variability and serve as a proxy for analysis of future conditions. We show that distinct geomorphic conditions are associated with different long-term shoreline change rates and that the most skillful predictions of dune height, beach width, and beach height depend on including multiple input variables simultaneously. The predictive relationships are robust to variations in the amount of input data and to variations in model complexity. The resulting model can be used to evaluate scenarios related to coastal management plans and/or future scenarios where shoreline change rates may differ from those observed historically. C1 [Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Thieler, E. Robert] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Gutierrez, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM bgutierrez@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank Anne Hecht of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for providing the impetus for this study and for introducing us into the migratory shorebird research community. We thank Sarah Karpanty, Katy Gieder, Jim Fraser, and Dan Catlin of the Virginia Tech Department of Wildlife Conservation for their collaboration on this project. We thank Bill Hulslander, Jack Kumer, Tami Pearl, and Neil Winn of the National Park Service Assateague Island National Seashore for their willingness to provide access to the seashore and guidance regarding existing and data observations about the Assateague Island barrier island. We are also grateful to Dean Gesch and Jeff Danielson of the USGS EROS Data Center for their assistance in defining lidar elevation-based shorelines referenced to local tidal datums. We also appreciate assistance from Mike Fienen of the USGS Wisconsin Water Science Center who provided computer codes to implement model calibration and validation that is reported in the appendix. We thank Soupy Dalyander and Davina Passeri of the USGS, Evan Goldstein, Jesse McNinch, four anonymous reviewers, and the Editors for critical reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank JGR-ES Editor Giovanni Coco for his persistent and patient treatment of the revisions of this paper. The data used in this study are available from the U.S. Geological Survey as noted in section 3 as supporting information with this article, and the results reported here can be obtained from the first author. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. NR 93 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 2452 EP 2475 DI 10.1002/2015JF003671 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DD5EH UT WOS:000369944900002 ER PT J AU Barr, CB Gibson, JR Diaz, PH AF Barr, Cheryl B. Gibson, J. Randy Diaz, Peter H. TI TYPHLOELMIS BARR (COLEOPTERA: ELMIDAE: ELMINAE), A NEW STYGOBIONTIC RIFFLE BEETLE GENUS WITH THREE NEW SPECIES FROM TEXAS, USA SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; aquatic beetles; larva; stygofauna; Edwards-Trinity Aquifer; karst spring ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; DYTISCIDAE-HYDROPORINAE; DIVING BEETLES; WATER BEETLE; SP-NOV; GROUNDWATER; SPRINGS; CONSERVATION; AUSTRALIA; AQUIFER AB The adult and larva of Typhloelmis Barr, a new genus of eyeless, stygobiontic elmid from springs in west-central Texas, and the adults of three new species, Typhloelmis caroline Barr, Typhloelmis finegan Barr, and Typhloelmis sanfelipe Barr, are described, diagnosed, and illustrated. Taxonomic couplets are provided for the insertion of the new genus into existing adult elmid generic keys, and an adult key to the species of Typhloelmis is included. Stygobiontic elmids are reviewed, and the uniqueness of Typhloelmis is discussed. Typhloelmis is the first stygobiontic elmid genus reported from the Nearctic ecozone and is the seventh described worldwide. It is only the second elmid genus known to be anophthalmic (completely eyeless). The Edwards-Trinity Aquifer and the spring habitat in which the genus and species occur are described in detail, and potential threats are discussed. C1 [Barr, Cheryl B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Essig Museum Entomol, 1101 Valley Life Sci Bldg,4780, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gibson, J. Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Resources Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Diaz, Peter H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Texas Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Barr, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Essig Museum Entomol, 1101 Valley Life Sci Bldg,4780, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cbarr@berkeley.edu; randy_gibson@fws.gov; pete_diaz@fws.gov NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 69 IS 4 BP 531 EP 558 DI 10.1649/0010-065X-69.4.531 PG 28 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DE8OK UT WOS:000370895600001 ER PT J AU Huston, DC Gibson, JR Ostrand, KG Norris, CW Diaz, PH AF Huston, Daniel C. Gibson, J. Randy Ostrand, Kenneth G. Norris, Chad W. Diaz, Peter H. TI MONITORING AND MARKING TECHNIQUES FOR THE ENDANGERED COMAL SPRINGS RIFFLE BEETLE, HETERELMIS COMALENSIS BOSSE, TUFF, AND BROWN, 1988 (COLEOPTERA: ELMIDAE) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE cotton cloth lures; mark-recapture; federally endangered invertebrates; aquatic endemics; Stygoparnus comalensis; Stygobromus pecki ID DYTISCIDAE HYDROPORINAE; TEXAS; GENUS; USA; INVERTEBRATES; MILLER AB Two monitoring methods for the endangered Comal Springs riffle beetle, Heterelmis comalensis Bosse, Tuff, and Brown, 1988, were evaluated. The first used cotton cloth "lures" lodged within the substrate in close proximity to spring openings. The second evaluated the feasibility of marking H. comalensis with paint. During our evaluation, biofilms grew upon the lures over time, and within two weeks H. comalensis were collected. Numbers of H. comalensis (mean = 23, range = 4-53) collected from lures peaked at 10 weeks and then began to decline as the cotton cloth lures began to decompose. Three other invertebrate species, the riffle beetle Microcylloepus pusillus (LeConte, 1852), the endangered Comal Springs dryopid beetle Stygoparnus comalensis Barr and Spangler, 1992, and the endangered Peck's cave amphipod, Stygobromus pecki (Holsinger, 1967), were also collected from the lures, suggesting that this technique may have broad applicability as a passive monitoring tool for interstitial aquatic endemics and other endangered species. All species, including H. comalensis, were readily quantified, and the technique allowed for specimens to be returned alive to their site of capture. Marking H. comalensis elytra with paint was a feasible technique because marks were retained for up to three months; however, it may be more practical for laboratory experimentation rather than field use because it is time-consuming and labor intensive. Recapture rates for marked individuals were low in situ, most likely due to unknown factors such as movement, dispersal, and the ratio of individuals marked compared to the population size. Nevertheless, our evaluation suggests that these two techniques in combination may provide a valid means to monitor and evaluate population trends of H. comalensis without negatively affecting the species. C1 [Huston, Daniel C.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Gibson, J. Randy; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resources Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Norris, Chad W.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Water Resources Branch, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [Diaz, Peter H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Texas Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Huston, DC (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM Hustondanielc@gmail.com; Randy_Gibson@fws.gov; Kenneth_Ostrand@fws.gov; Chad.Norris@tpwd.state.tx.us; Pete_Diaz@fws.gov OI Huston, Daniel Colgan/0000-0002-1015-4703 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 69 IS 4 BP 793 EP 798 DI 10.1649/0010-065X-69.4.793 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DE8OK UT WOS:000370895600029 ER PT J AU Barber-Meyer, SM Mech, LD AF Barber-Meyer, Shannon M. Mech, L. David TI Evaluation of a Formula that Categorizes Female Gray Wolf Breeding Status by Nipple Size SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY; WOLVES; AGE; MINNESOTA AB The proportion by age class of wild Canis lupus (Gray Wolf) females that reproduce in any given year remains unclear; thus, we evaluated the applicability to our long-term (1972-2013) data set of the Mech et al. (1993) formula that categorizes female Gray Wolf breeding status by nipple size and time of year. We used the formula to classify Gray Wolves from 68 capture events into 4 categories (yearling, adult non-breeder, former breeder, current breeder). To address issues with small sample size and variance, we created an ambiguity index to allow some Gray Wolves to be classed into 2 categories. We classified 20 nipple measurements ambiguously: 16 current or former breeder, 3 former or adult non-breeder, and 1 yearling or adult non-breeder. The formula unambiguously classified 48 (71%) of the nipple measurements; based on supplemental field evidence, at least 5 (10%) of these were incorrect. When used in conjunction with an ambiguity index we developed and with corrections made for classifications involving very large nipples, and supplemented with available field evidence, the Mech et al. (1993) formula provided reasonably reliable classification of breeding status in wild female Gray Wolves. C1 [Barber-Meyer, Shannon M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Barber-Meyer, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1393 Highway 169, Ely, MN 55731 USA. EM sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov OI Barber-Meyer, Shannon/0000-0002-3048-2616 FU US Geological Survey FX This project was supported by the US Geological Survey. We thank M.E. Nelson and numerous volunteer technicians. We are grateful to the sponsors and organizers of the European Large Carnivores: Problems of Small-sized Populations, Study on Reproduction, and Challenges of Reintroduction Programs Conference in Krasny Bor, Belarus, September 2014. We thank Lori Schmidt (International Wolf Center and Vermilion Community College, Ely, MN) and Ellen Heilhecker (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) for reviewing an earlier draft. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP 652 EP 657 DI 10.1656/045.022.0402 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8PP UT WOS:000370899000001 ER PT J AU Dittman, DE Chalupnicki, MA Johnson, JH Snyder, J AF Dittman, Dawn E. Chalupnicki, Marc A. Johnson, James H. Snyder, James TI Reintroduction of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) into the St. Regis River, NY: Post- Release Assessment of Habitat Use and Growth SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; BIOLOGY AB One of the depleted endemic fish species of the Great Lakes, Acipenser fulvescens (Lake Sturgeon), has been the target of extensive conservation efforts. One strategy is reintroduction into historically productive waters. The St. Regis River, NY, represents one such adaptive-management effort, with shared management between New York and the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe. Between 1998 and 2004, a total of 4977 young-of-year Lake Sturgeon were released. Adaptive management requires intermediate progress metrics. During 2004 and 2005, we measured growth, habitat use, and survivorship metrics of the released fish. We captured a total of 95 individuals of all stocked ages. Year-class minimal- survival rates ranged from 0.19-2.1%. The size-at-age and length/biomass relationships were comparable to those reported for juveniles in other Great Lakes waters. These intermediate assessment metrics can provide feedback to resource managers who make restoration-program decisions on a much shorter time-scale than the time-frame in which the ultimate goal of a self-sustaining population can be attained. C1 [Dittman, Dawn E.; Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Johnson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Snyder, James] St Regis Mohawk Tribe Environm Div, Hogansburg, NY 13655 USA. RP Dittman, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM ddittman@usgs.gov OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 FU USEPA [DW-14-94806801-0] FX Thanks for invaluable assistance with field-work, laboratory work, and analysis go to D. Carlson, R. McDonald, P. Randall, A. Reese, T. Wallbridge, USGS seasonal personnel, and NYSDEC field and hatchery personnel. Major funding was provided by the USEPA Interagency Agreement Number DW-14-94806801-0. This article is Contribution 1967 of the US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Cortland, NY. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 19 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP 704 EP 716 DI 10.1656/045.022.0408 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8PP UT WOS:000370899000005 ER PT J AU Studdert, EW Johnson, JH AF Studdert, Emily W. Johnson, James H. TI Seasonal Variation in Habitat Use of Juvenile Steelhead in a Tributary of Lake Ontario SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON RESTORATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; NEW-YORK; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GREAT-LAKES; COHO SALMON; STREAM; RIVER; PENNSYLVANIA; SELECTION AB We examined seasonal-habitat use by subyearling and yearling Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow Trout or Steelhead) in Trout Brook, a tributary of the Salmon River, NY. We determined daytime fish-habitat use and available habitat during August and October of the same year and observed differences in habitat selection among year classes. Water depth and cover played the greatest role in Steelhead habitat use. During summer and autumn, we found yearling Steelhead in areas with deeper water and more cover than where we observed subyearling Steelhead. Both year classes sought out areas with abundant cover during both seasons; this habitat was limited within the stream reach. Subyearling Steelhead were associated with more cover during autumn, even though available cover within the stream reach was greater during summer. Principal component analysis showed that variation in seasonal-habitat use was most pronounced for subyearling Steelhead and that yearling Steelhead were more selective in their habitat use than subyearling Steelhead. The results of this study contribute to a greater understanding of how this popular sportfish is adapting to a new environment and the factors that may limit juvenile Steelhead survival. Our findings provide valuable new insights into the seasonal-habitat requirements of subyearling and yearling Steelhead that can be used by fisheries managers to enhance and protect the species throughout the Great Lakes region. C1 [Studdert, Emily W.; Johnson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Studdert, EW (reprint author), Douglaston Salmon Run, Pulaski, NY 13142 USA. EM emwaldt@syr.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP 717 EP 729 DI 10.1656/045.022.0409 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8PP UT WOS:000370899000006 ER PT J AU Andrews, CS Miranda, LE Kroger, R AF Andrews, Caroline S. Miranda, Leandro E. Kroger, Robert TI Fish and Water Quality in the Forested Wetlands Adjacent to an Oxbow Lake SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LIGHT TRAPS; LARVAL FISH; ABUNDANCE; HYPOXIA; RIVER AB Forested wetlands represent some of the most distinct environments in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Depending on season, water in forested wetlands can be warm, stagnant, and oxygen-depleted, yet may support high fish diversity. Fish assemblages in forested wetlands are not well studied because of difficulties in sampling heavily structured environments. During the April-July period, we surveyed and compared the water quality and assemblages of small fish in a margin wetland (forested fringe along a lake shore), contiguous wetland (forested wetland adjacent to a lake), and the open water of an oxbow lake. Dissolved-oxygen levels measured hourly 0.5 m below the surface were higher in the open water than in either of the forested wetlands. Despite reduced water quality, fish-species richness and catch rates estimated with light traps were greater in the forested wetlands than in the open water. The forested wetlands supported large numbers of fish and unique fish assemblages that included some rare species, likely because of their structural complexity. Programs developed to refine agricultural practices, preserve riparian zones, and restore lakes should include guidance to protect and reestablish forest ed wetlands. C1 [Andrews, Caroline S.; Kroger, Robert] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, Leandro E.] Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU US Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank D. Devries and E. Dibble for lending us light traps. B. Botti, C. Shoemaker, D. Goetz, E. Mower, L. Kaczka, and M. Arnold provided field support. J. Killgore, D. Faust, and 2 anonymous referees provided helpful reviews. This work was supported in part by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Specimen collections were authorized under Mississippi State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol number 08-034. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 14 IS 4 BP 623 EP 634 DI 10.1656/058.014.0404 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NL UT WOS:000370892600003 ER PT J AU Holcomb, J Rowe, M Williams, J Pursifull, S AF Holcomb, Jordan Rowe, Matthew Williams, Jim Pursifull, Sandra TI Discovery of the Ochlockonee Moccasinshell, Medionidus simpsonianus, in the lower Ochlockonee River, Florida SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB An unknown population of Medionidus simpsonianus (Ochlockonee Moccasinshell) was discovered in the lower Ochlockonee River downstream of Jackson Bluff Dam in 2014. This discovery confirms that the species is extant, extends its known range by nearly 100 rkm, and represents only the second known collection of this species in the lower Ochlockonee River Basin. Ochlockonee Moccasinshell is endemic to the Ochlockonee River Basin (ORB) in Florida and Georgia. It was historically known from 9 locations in the upper ORB upstream of Lake Talquin and from 1 record in the lower ORB downstream of Jackson Bluff Dam. Collections of Ochlockonee Moccasinshell decrease in regularity after 1950, and the last record of a live individual was 1995. We surveyed 55 sites downstream of Jackson Bluff Dam in a reach of river having received little effort in the last 20 years. We employed visual/tactile searches using mask and snorkel from shore to a depth of 2.5 m and found 22 live individuals of Ochlockonee Moccasinshell at 9 locations from 47-65 river km (rkm) downstream of Jackson Bluff Dam. Further survey effort is needed to update the status and range of Ochlockonee Moccasinshell and other freshwater mussel populations of the lower ORB. C1 [Holcomb, Jordan; Rowe, Matthew; Williams, Jim] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 7386 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Pursifull, Sandra] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Field Off, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Holcomb, J (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 7386 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM Jordan.holcomb@myfwc.com FU USFWS FX We wish to thank the curators and collection managers of the following institutions for their assistance in providing access to mussel collections and catalogue data: Ohio State Museum of Biological Diversity-George Thomas Waters and Caitlyn Byrne; North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences-Arthur Bogan and Jamie Smith; Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia-Paul Callomon; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University-Marat Recevik, Adam Baldinger, and Richard Johnson; Florida Museum of Natural History-Amanda Bemis, Gustav Paulay, and John Slapcinsky; and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology-Jack Burch, Taehwan Lee, and Diarmaid O'Foighil. Gary Warren made revisions which substantially improved earlier versions of this manuscript. We would also like to thank Misty Penton with Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, for her help in procuring funding from the USFWS to make these surveys possible. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 14 IS 4 BP 714 EP 720 DI 10.1656/058.014.0415 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NL UT WOS:000370892600010 ER PT J AU Homer, MD Peterson, JT Jennings, CA AF Homer, Michael D., Jr. Peterson, James T. Jennings, Cecil A. TI Evaluation of Three Aging Techniques and Back-calculated Growth for Introduced Blue Catfish from Lake Oconee, Georgia SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; FLATHEAD CATFISH; PECTORAL SPINES; AGE; LENGTHS; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; OTOLITHS AB Back-calculation of length-at-age from otoliths and spines is a common technique employed in fisheries biology, but few studies have compared the precision of data collected with this method for catfish populations. We compared precision of back-calculated lengths-at-age for an introduced Ictalurus furcatus (Blue Catfish) population among 3 commonly used cross-sectioning techniques. We used gillnets to collect Blue Catfish (n = 153) from Lake Oconee, GA. We estimated ages from a basal recess, articulating process, and otolith cross-section from each fish. We employed the Frasier-Lee method to back-calculate length-at-age for each fish, and compared the precision of back-calculated lengths among techniques using hierarchical linear models. Precision in age assignments was highest for otoliths (83.5%) and lowest for basal recesses (71.4%). Back-calculated lengths were variable among fish ages 1-3 for the techniques compared; otoliths and basal recesses yielded variable lengths at age 8. We concluded that otoliths and articulating processes are adequate for age estimation of Blue Catfish. C1 [Homer, Michael D., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, James T.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jennings@uga.edu FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources; UGA; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research was conducted collaboratively with the Wildlife Resources Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Michael S. Bednarski, Benjamin Carswell, Colin P. Shea, and Daniel Farrae of the University of Georgia (UGA); Dave Buckmeier (Texas Parks and Wildlife); and Kurt Kuklinski (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife and Conservation) provided technical assistance. Scott Lamprecht and Chad Holbrook of South Carolina Department of Natural Resources provided time and technical training for otolith preparation and sectioning. Peter Sakaris, Southern Polytechnic State University, generously provided additional technical training for otolith preparation and sectioning. Robert Bringolf (UGA) provided in-kind support. We thank Chris Nelson, Jamie Dowd, Mark Rigglesford, Ramon Martin, Michael Sheppard, Taylor Duke, Tony Beck, Daniel Malcom, and John Ruiz for assistance with collections. We are grateful to the reviewers of this manuscript for their helpful comments. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, UGA, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 14 IS 4 BP 740 EP 756 DI 10.1656/058.014.0417 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NL UT WOS:000370892600012 ER PT J AU Soto, E Halliday-Simmonds, I Francis, S Kearney, MT Hansen, JD AF Soto, Esteban Halliday-Simmonds, Iona Francis, Stewart Kearney, Michael T. Hansen, John D. TI Biofilm formation of Francisella noatunensis subsp orientalis SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biofilm; Francisella noatunensis; Francisellosis ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; WATER MICROCOSMS; TILAPIA; IDENTIFICATION; ATTENUATION; TEMPERATURE; INFECTIONS; PATHOGEN AB Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) is an emergent fish pathogen in both marine and fresh water environments. The bacterium is suspected to persist in the environment even without the presence of a suitable fish host. In the present study, the influence of different abiotic factors such as salinity and temperature were used to study the biofilm formation of different isolates of Fno including intracellular growth loci C (iglC) and pathogenicity determinant protein A (pdpA) knockout strains. Finally, we compared the susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm to three disinfectants used in the aquaculture and ornamental fish industry, namely Virkon (R), bleach and hydrogen peroxide. The data indicates that Fno is capable of producing biofilms within 24 h where both salinity as well as temperature plays a role in the growth and biofilm formation of Fno. Mutations in the iglC or pdpA, both known virulence factors, do not appear to affect the capacity of Fno to produce biofilms, and the minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum biocidal concentration for the three disinfectants were lower than the minimum biofilm eradication concentration values. This information needs to be taken into account if trying to eradicate the pathogen from aquaculture facilities or aquariums. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Soto, Esteban] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Soto, Esteban; Halliday-Simmonds, Iona; Francis, Stewart] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi. [Kearney, Michael T.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Soto, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sotomartinez@ucdavis.edu FU Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystems Health FX This work was supported by the Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystems Health. We thank Dr. Duncan J Colquhoun at the Section for Bacteriology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway for his kind contribution of isolates and for critical review of this paper. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 181 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.007 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA DE2MD UT WOS:000370460500019 PM 26507830 ER PT J AU Carrasco, SE Chomel, BB Gill, VA Kasten, RW Maggi, RG Breitschwerdt, EB Byrne, BA Burek-Huntington, KA Miller, MA Goldstein, T Mazet, JAK AF Carrasco, Sebastian E. Chomel, Bruno B. Gill, Verena A. Kasten, Rickie W. Maggi, Ricardo G. Breitschwerdt, Edward B. Byrne, Barbara A. Burek-Huntington, Kathleen A. Miller, Melissa A. Goldstein, Tracey Mazet, Jonna A. K. TI Novel Bartonella infection in northern and southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni and Enhydra lutris nereis) (vol 170, pg 325, 2014) SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Carrasco, Sebastian E.; Chomel, Bruno B.; Miller, Melissa A.; Goldstein, Tracey; Mazet, Jonna A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chomel, Bruno B.; Kasten, Rickie W.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gill, Verena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Maggi, Ricardo G.; Breitschwerdt, Edward B.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Med & Transit Res, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Byrne, Barbara A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Burek-Huntington, Kathleen A.] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. [Miller, Melissa A.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Carrasco, SE (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM scarrasc@umail.iu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 181 IS 3-4 BP 336 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.006 PG 1 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA DE2MD UT WOS:000370460500025 ER PT J AU Raquel, AJ Ringelman, KM Ackerman, JT Eadie, JM AF Raquel, Amelia J. Ringelman, Kevin M. Ackerman, Joshua T. Eadie, John M. TI Habitat edges have weak effects on duck nest survival at local spatial scales SO ARDEA LA English DT Article DE edge effect; fragmentation; Gadwall; Mallard; nest success; predation; waterfowl ID PATCH SIZE; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; SUCCESS; PREDATION; LANDSCAPE; FRAGMENTATION; WATERFOWL; SELECTION AB Edge effects on nesting success have been documented in breeding birds in a variety of contexts, but there is still uncertainty in how edge type, and spatial scale determine the magnitude and detectability of edge effects. Habitat edges are often viewed as predator corridors that surround or penetrate core habitat and increase the risk of predation for nearby nests. We studied the effects of three different types of potential predator corridors (main perimeter roads, field boundaries, and ATV trails within fields) on waterfowl nest survival in California. We measured the distance from duck nests to the nearest edge of each type, and used distance as a covariate in a logistic exposure analysis of nest survival. We found only weak evidence for edge effects due to predation. The best supported model of nest survival included all three distance categories, and while all coefficient estimates were positive (indicating that survival increased with distance from edge), 85% coefficient confidence intervals approached or bounded zero indicating an overall weak effect of habitat edges on nest success. We suggest that given the configuration of edges at our site, there may be few areas far enough from hard edges to be considered 'core' habitat, making edge effects on nest survival particularly difficult to detect. C1 [Raquel, Amelia J.; Ringelman, Kevin M.; Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Ringelman, KM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, 310 Renewable Nat Resources Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kringelman@agcenter.lsu.edu FU National Science Foundation; Delta Waterfowl Association; Selma-Herr Fund for Ornithology Research; UC Davis; Dennis G. Raveling Endowment FX Funding for this project was awarded to KMR from the National Science Foundation, Delta Waterfowl Association, Selma-Herr Fund for Ornithology Research and UC Davis. JME provided funds from the Dennis G. Raveling Endowment. This project would not have been possible without the logistical support provided by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California Waterfowl Association and U.S. Geological Survey. We thank the many Grizzly Island field assistants for helping to collect and process the data. We thank Matt Pieron, Dave Haukos and several anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The use of trade, product or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU NEDERLANDSE ORNITHOLOGISCHE UNIE PI ZEIST PA C/O PAUL STARMANS, OUDE ARNHEMSEWEG 261, 3705 BD ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0373-2266 EI 2213-1175 J9 ARDEA JI Ardea PD WIN PY 2015 VL 103 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DC6UF UT WOS:000369354400005 ER PT J AU Kimbrough, DL Grove, M Gehrels, GE Dorsey, RJ Howard, KA Lovera, O Aslan, A House, PK Pearthree, PA AF Kimbrough, David L. Grove, Marty Gehrels, George E. Dorsey, Rebecca J. Howard, Keith A. Lovera, Oscar Aslan, Andres House, P. Kyle Pearthree, Philip A. TI Detrital zircon U-Pb provenance of the Colorado River: A 5 m.y. record of incision into cover strata overlying the Colorado Plateau and adjacent regions SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ANCIENT GRAND-CANYON; NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; (U-TH)/HE EVIDENCE; APATITE HE-4/HE-3; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; STRATIGRAPHIC RECORD; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; SOUTHWESTERN USA AB New detrital zircon U-Pb age distributions from 49 late Cenozoic sandstones and Holocene sands (49 samples, n = 3922) record the arrival of extraregional early Pliocene Colorado River sediment at Grand Wash (western USA) and downstream locations ca. 5.3 Ma and the subsequent evolution of the river's provenance signature. We define reference age distributions for the early Pliocene Colorado River (n = 559) and Holocene Colorado River (n = 601). The early Pliocene river is distinguished from the Holocene river by (1) a higher proportion of Yavapai-Mazatzal zircon derived from Rocky Mountain basement uplifts relative to Grenville zircon from Mesozoic supracrustal rocks, and (2) distinctive (similar to 6%) late Eocene-Oligocene (40-23 Ma) zircon reworked from Cenozoic basins and volcanic fields in the southern Rocky Mountains and/or the eastern Green River catchment. Geologic relationships and interpretation of 135 published detrital zircon age distributions throughout the Colorado River catchment provide the interpretative basis for modeling evolution of the provenance signature. Mixture modeling based upon a modified formulation of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic indi-cate a subtle yet robust change in Colorado River provenance signature over the past 5 m.y. During this interval the contribution from Cenozoic strata decreased from similar to 75% to 50% while pre-Cretaceous strata increased from similar to 25% to 50%. We interpret this change to reflect progressive erosional incision into plateau cover strata. Our finding is consistent with geologic and thermochronologic studies that indicate that maximum post-10 Ma erosion of the Colorado River catchment was concentrated across the eastern Utahwestern Colorado region. C1 [Kimbrough, David L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Grove, Marty] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Energy & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gehrels, George E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dorsey, Rebecca J.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Howard, Keith A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lovera, Oscar] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Aslan, Andres] Colorado Mesa Univ, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. [House, P. Kyle] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Pearthree, Philip A.] Arizona Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. RP Kimbrough, DL (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM dkimbrough@mail.sdsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0341987, EAR-0443387, EAR-11123957] FX U-Pb dating of detrital zircons at the Arizona LaserChron Center was supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0341987, EAR-0443387, and EAR-11123957. Joan Kimbrough assisted with all aspects of sample processing and mineral separation. Marisa Boraas also assisted. We thank Karl Flessa, J.R. Morgan, and Kimbrough family members for help with sample collecting. Helpful discussions with Jon Spencer, Carl Jacobsen, Richard Young, Bill Dickinson, Karl Karlstrom, Mike Cloos, and Charles Ferguson helped to improve interpretations made in the paper. Joel Pederson, Bill Dickinson, Carl Jacobson and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive reviews that substantially improved the text. NR 122 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1719 EP 1748 DI 10.1130/GES00982.1 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC9JX UT WOS:000369538900004 ER PT J AU Salisbury, JB Haddad, DE Rockwell, T Arrowsmith, JR Madugo, C Zielke, O Scharer, K AF Salisbury, J. Barrett Haddad, D. E. Rockwell, T. Arrowsmith, J. R. Madugo, C. Zielke, O. Scharer, K. TI Validation of meter-scale surface faulting offset measurements from high-resolution topographic data SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; ALTYN TAGH FAULT; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; DIFFERENTIAL LIDAR; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; CARRIZO PLAIN; PREHISTORIC EARTHQUAKES; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; CHINA AB Studies of active fault zones have flourished with the availability of high-resolution topographic data, particularly where airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) and structure from motion (SfM) data sets provide a means to remotely analyze sub-meter-scale fault geomorphology. To determine surface offset at a point along a strike-slip earthquake rupture, geomorphic features (e.g., stream channels) are measured days to centuries after the event. Analysis of these and cumulatively offset features produces offset distributions for successive earthquakes that are used to understand earthquake rupture behavior. As researchers expand studies to more varied terrain types, climates, and vegetation regimes, there is an increasing need to standardize and uniformly validate measurements of tectonically displaced geomorphic features. A recently compiled catalog of nearly 5000 earthquake offsets across a range of measurement and reporting styles provides insight into quality rating and uncertainty trends from which we formulate best-practice and reporting recommendations for remote studies. In addition, a series of public and beginner-level studies validate the remote methodology for a number of tools and emphasize considerations to enhance measurement accuracy and precision for beginners and professionals. Our investigation revealed that (1) standardizing remote measurement methods and reporting quality rating schemes is essential for the utility and repeatability of fault-offset measurements; (2) measurement discrepancies often involve misinterpretation of the offset geomorphic feature and are a function of the investigator's experience; (3) comparison of measurements made by a single investigator in different climatic regions reveals systematic differences in measurement uncertainties attributable to variation in feature preservation; (4) measuring more components of a displaced geomorphic landform produces more consistently repeatable estimates of offset; and (5) inadequate understanding of pre-event morphology and post-event modifications represents a greater epistemic limitation than the aleatoric limitations of the measurement process. C1 [Salisbury, J. Barrett; Haddad, D. E.; Arrowsmith, J. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 876004, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rockwell, T.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Madugo, C.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zielke, O.] 4700 King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Scharer, K.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Salisbury, JB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 876004, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jbsalisb@asu.edu OI zielke, olaf/0000-0002-4797-0034 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program [G11AP20029, G11AP20020]; California Earthquake Authority; U.S. Geological Survey; Southern California Earthquake Center FX Discussions with many colleagues have helped to focus our thinking on the problems identified in this paper. We thank the many participants in our surveys and Tim Dawson, Suzanne Hecker, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (G11AP20029 and G11AP20020). The Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast version 3 (UCERF3) was supported by the California Earthquake Authority, U.S. Geological Survey, and the Southern California Earthquake Center. The topographic data presented here were gathered by the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping and processed and delivered by OpenTopography (http://www.opentopography.org/). NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1884 EP 1901 DI 10.1130/GES01197.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC9JX UT WOS:000369538900011 ER PT J AU Lipman, PW Zimmerer, MJ McIntosh, WC AF Lipman, Peter W. Zimmerer, Matthew J. McIntosh, William C. TI An ignimbrite caldera from the bottom up: Exhumed floor and fill of the resurgent Bonanza caldera, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SAN-JUAN-MOUNTAINS; MULTICYCLIC SUPER-ERUPTIONS; MAGMA-CHAMBER GEOMETRY; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-BASIN; CENTRAL NEVADA; SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; PIECEMEAL CALDERA; SAWATCH RANGE AB Among large ignimbrites, the Bonanza Tuff and its source caldera in the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field display diverse depositional and structural features that provide special insights concerning eruptive processes and caldera development. In contrast to the nested loci for successive ignimbrite eruptions at many large multicyclic calderas elsewhere, Bonanza caldera is an areally isolated structure that formed in response to a single ignimbrite eruption. The adjacent Marshall caldera, the nonresurgent lava-filled source for the 33.9-Ma Thorn Ranch Tuff, is the immediate precursor for Bonanza, but projected structural boundaries of two calderas are largely or entirely separate even though the western topographic rim of Bonanza impinges on the older caldera. Bonanza, source of a compositionally complex regional ignimbrite sheet erupted at 33.12 +/- 0.03 Ma, is a much larger caldera system than previously recognized. It is a subequant structure similar to 20 km in diameter that subsided at least 3.5 km during explosive eruption of similar to 1000 km(3) of magma, then resurgently domed its floor a similar distance vertically. Among its features: (1) varied exposure levels of an intact caldera due to rugged present-day topography-from Paleozoic and Precambrian basement rocks that are intruded by resurgent plutons, upward through precaldera volcanic floor, to a single thickly ponded intracaldera ignimbrite (Bonanza Tuff), interleaved landslide breccia, and overlying postcollapse lavas; (2) large compositional gradients in the Bonanza ignimbrite (silicic andesite to rhyolite ignimbrite; 60%-76% SiO2); (3) multiple alternations of mafic and silicic zones within a single ignimbrite, rather than simple upward gradation to more mafic compositions; (4) compositional contrasts between outflow sectors of the ignimbrite (mainly crystal-poor rhyolite to east, crystal-rich dacite to west); (5) similarly large compositional diversity among postcollapse caldera-fill lavas and resurgent intrusions; (6) brief time span for the entire caldera cycle (33.12 to ca. 33.03 Ma); (7) an exceptionally steep-sided resurgent dome, with dips of 40 degrees-50 degrees on west and 70 degrees-80 degrees on northeast flanks. Some near-original caldera morphology has been erosionally exhumed and remains defined by present-day landforms (western topographic rim, resurgent core, and ring-fault valley), while tilting and deep erosion provide three-dimensional exposures of intra-caldera fill, floor, and resurgent structures. The absence of Plinian-fall deposits beneath proximal ignimbrites at Bonanza and other calderas in the region is interpreted as evidence for early initiation of pyroclastic flows, rather than lack of a high eruption column. Although the absence of a Plinian deposit beneath some ignimbrites elsewhere has been interpreted to indicate that abrupt rapid foundering of the magma-body roof initiated the eruption, initial caldera collapse began at Bonanza only after several hundred kilometers of rhyolitic tuff had erupted, as indicated by the minor volume of this composition in the basal intra-caldera ignimbrite. Caldera-filling ignimbrite has been largely stripped from the southern and eastern flank of the Bonanza dome, exposing large areas of caldera-floor as a structurally coherent domed plate, bounded by ring faults with locations that are geometrically closely constrained even though largely concealed beneath valley alluvium. The structurally coherent floor at Bonanza contrasts with fault-disrupted floors at some well-exposed multi-cyclic calderas where successive ignimbrite eruptions caused recurrent subsidence. Floor rocks at Bonanza are intensely brecciated within similar to 100 m inboard of ring faults, probably due to compression and crushing of the subsiding floor in proximity to steep inward-dipping faults. Upper levels of the floor are locally penetrated by dike-like crack fills of intracaldera ignimbrite, interpreted as dilatant fracture fills rather than ignimbrite vents. The resurgence geometry at Bonanza has implications for intracaldera-ignimbrite volume; this parameter may have been overestimated at some young calderas elsewhere, with bearing on outflow-intracaldera ratios and times of initial caldera collapse. Such features at Bonanza provide insights for interpreting calderas universally, with respect to processes of caldera collapse and resurgence, inception of subsidence in relation to progression of the ignimbrite eruption, complications with characterizing structural versus topographic margins of calderas, contrasts between intra-versus extracaldera ignimbrite, and limitations in assessing volumes of large caldera-forming eruptions. Bonanza provides a rare site where intact caldera margins and floor are exhumed and exposed, providing valuable perspectives for understanding younger similar calderas in some of the world's most active and dangerous silicic provinces. C1 [Lipman, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zimmerer, Matthew J.; McIntosh, William C.] New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Lipman, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM plipman@usgs.gov NR 119 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1902 EP 1947 DI 10.1130/GES01184.1 PG 46 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC9JX UT WOS:000369538900012 ER PT J AU Pratt, TL Troost, KG Odum, JK Stephenson, WJ AF Pratt, Thomas L. Troost, Kathy G. Odum, Jack K. Stephenson, William J. TI Kinematics of shallow backthrusts in the Seattle fault zone, Washington State SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID 1999 CHI-CHI; SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; CORDILLERAN ICE-SHEET; SOUTHERN PUGET-SOUND; BLIND THRUST FAULTS; W 6.2 CHRISTCHURCH; SUBDUCTION ZONE; STRONG-MOTION; NEW-ZEALAND; GREAT EARTHQUAKES AB Near-surface thrust fault splays and antithetic backthrusts at the tips of major thrust fault systems can distribute slip across multiple shallow fault strands, complicating earthquake hazard analyses based on studies of surface faulting. The shallow expression of the fault strands forming the Seattle fault zone of Washington State shows the structural relationships and interactions between such fault strands. Paleoseismic studies document an similar to 7000 yr history of earthquakes on multiple faults within the Seattle fault zone, with some backthrusts inferred to rupture in small (M similar to 5.5-6.0) earthquakes at times other than during earthquakes on the main thrust faults. We interpret seismic-reflection profiles to show three main thrust faults, one of which is a blind thrust fault directly beneath downtown Seattle, and four small backthrusts within the Seattle fault zone. We then model fault slip, constrained by shallow deformation, to show that the Seattle fault forms a fault propagation fold rather than the alternatively proposed roof thrust system. Fault slip modeling shows that back-thrust ruptures driven by moderate (M similar to 6.5-6.7) earthquakes on the main thrust faults are consistent with the paleoseismic data. The results indicate that paleoseismic data from the back-thrust ruptures reveal the times of moderate earthquakes on the main fault system, rather than indicating smaller (M similar to 5.5-6.0) earthquakes involving only the backthrusts. Estimates of cumulative shortening during known Seattle fault zone earthquakes support the inference that the Seattle fault has been the major seismic hazard in the northern Cascadia forearc in the late Holocene. C1 [Pratt, Thomas L.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 905, Reston, VA 22192 USA. [Troost, Kathy G.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Odum, Jack K.; Stephenson, William J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Pratt, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 905, Reston, VA 22192 USA. EM tpratt@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program. The manuscript benefited from discussions with Brian Sherrod, Brian Atwater, Ralph Haugerud, Lee Liberty, Alan Nelson, Rick Blakely, Harvey Kelsey, Thomas Brocher, Uri ten Brink, Samuel Johnson, and James Dolan. Sam Johnson and Shawn Dadisman collected and processed the high-resolution marine seismic profiles. Tom Yelin relocated the White Point earthquake using the most recent network velocity model. Brian Sherrod provided the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) profiles along the terraces. The manuscript benefited from reviews by Brian Sherrod, Harvey Kelsey, Sam Johnson, Art Frankel, Thomas Brocher, Alan Nelson, Chris Sorlien, Colin Amos, and Raymond Russo. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1948 EP 1974 DI 10.1130/GES01179.1 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC9JX UT WOS:000369538900013 ER PT J AU DeLong, SB Lienkaemper, JJ Pickering, AJ Avdievitch, NN AF DeLong, Stephen B. Lienkaemper, James J. Pickering, Alexandra J. Avdievitch, Nikita N. TI Rates and patterns of surface deformation from laser scanning following the South Napa earthquake, California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID 24 NOVEMBER 1987; DIFFERENTIAL LIDAR; HAYWARD FAULT; SUPERSTITION HILLS; COSEISMIC SLIP; SEISMIC-HAZARD; RUPTURE; ZONE; AFTERSLIP; DYNAMICS AB The A.D. 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake, despite its moderate magnitude, caused significant damage to the Napa Valley in northern California (USA). Surface rupture occurred along several mapped and unmapped faults. Field observations following the earthquake indicated that the magnitude of postseismic surface slip was likely to approach or exceed the maximum coseismic surface slip and as such presented ongoing hazard to infrastructure. Using a laser scanner, we monitored postseismic deformation in three dimensions through time along 0.5 km of the main surface rupture. A key component of this study is the demonstration of proper alignment of repeat surveys using point cloud-based methods that minimize error imposed by both local survey errors and global navigation satellite system georeferencing errors. Using solid modeling of natural and cultural features, we quantify dextral postseismic displacement at several hundred points near the main fault trace. We also quantify total dextral displacement of initially straight cultural features. Total dextral displacement from both coseismic displacement and the first 2.5 d of postseismic displacement ranges from 0.22 to 0.29 m. This range increased to 0.33-0.42 m at 59 d post-earthquake. Furthermore, we estimate up to 0.15 m of vertical deformation during the first 2.5 d post-earthquake, which then increased by similar to 0.02 m at 59 d post-earthquake. This vertical deformation is not expressed as a distinct step or scarp at the fault trace but rather as a broad up-to-the-west zone of increasing elevation change spanning the fault trace over several tens of meters, challenging common notions about fault scarp development in strike-slip systems. Integrating these analyses provides three-dimensional mapping of surface deformation and identifies spatial variability in slip along the main fault trace that we attribute to distributed slip via subtle block rotation. These results indicate the benefits of laser scanner surveys along active faults and demonstrate that fine-scale variability in fault slip has been missed by traditional earthquake response methods. C1 [DeLong, Stephen B.; Lienkaemper, James J.; Pickering, Alexandra J.; Avdievitch, Nikita N.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP DeLong, SB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sdelong@usgs.gov OI DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2015 EP 2030 DI 10.1130/GES01189.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC9JX UT WOS:000369538900016 ER PT J AU Crow, R Karlstrom, K Crossey, L Young, R Ort, MH Asmerom, Y Polyak, V Darling, A AF Crow, Ryan Karlstrom, Karl Crossey, Laura Young, Richard Ort, Michael H. Asmerom, Yemane Polyak, Victor Darling, Andrew TI Rates of river incision and scarp retreat in eastern and central Grand Canyon over the past half million years: Evidence for passage of a transient knickzone: COMMENT SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Editorial Material ID AR-40/AR-39; COLORADO; FIELD; MODEL AB Abbott et al. (2015) and Crow et al. (2014), two Grand Canyon incision studies, come to very different conclusions despite apparent methodological similarities. Crow et al. (2014) used U-Th, Ar-Ar, and cosmogenic burial dating of material associated with Colorado River (CR) strath terrace sequences at 6 sites throughout Grand Canyon and concluded that average bedrock incision rates have been temporally steady at each site over at least the last 650 ka, but vary spatially from 100 to 160 m/Ma due to differential mantle-driven uplift. Abbott et al. (2015) used our unpublished Ar-Ar dating on a dike in western Grand Canyon, near river mile 159, plus U-Th dating of travertine-cement in sidestream alluvium, near Hermit Rapid, to suggest that incision rates were 1-4 km/Ma from 500 to 400 ka and < 200 m/Ma after 400 ka, a difference they ascribe to a migrating knickpoint. The conclusions of these studies are -contradictory. C1 [Crow, Ryan] US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Karlstrom, Karl; Crossey, Laura; Asmerom, Yemane; Polyak, Victor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Young, Richard] SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Geol Sci, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. [Ort, Michael H.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Darling, Andrew] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Crow, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rcrow@usgs.gov OI Crossey, Laura/0000-0001-6237-8023; Polyak, Victor/0000-0002-2010-1066 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2130 EP 2131 DI 10.1130/GES01243.1 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC9JX UT WOS:000369538900020 ER PT J AU Craig, JM Mifsud, DA Briggs, AS Boase, J Kennedy, G AF Craig, Jaquelyn M. Mifsud, David A. Briggs, Andrew S. Boase, James Kennedy, Greg TI MUDPUPPY (NECTURUS MACULOSUS MACULOSUS) SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, BREEDING WATER DEPTH, AND USE OF ARTIFICIAL SPAWNING HABITAT IN THE DETROIT RIVER SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian eggs; by-catch; fisheries gear; life stages ID ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; HELLBENDERS CRYPTOBRANCHUS-ALLEGANIENSIS; STURGEON ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; LAKE STURGEON; GREAT-LAKES; AMPHIBIANS; REPTILES; FISHES; CANADA; COMMON AB Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus maculosus) populations have been declining in the Great Lakes region of North America. However, during fisheries assessments in the Detroit River, we documented Mudpuppy reproduction when we collected all life stages from egg through adult as by-catch in fisheries assessments. Ten years of fisheries sampling resulted in two occurrences of Mudpuppy egg collection and 411 Mudpuppies ranging in size from 37-392 mm Total Length, collected from water 3.5-15.1 m deep. Different types of fisheries gear collected specific life stages; spawning females used cement structures for egg deposition, larval Mudpuppies found refuge in eggmats, and we caught adults with baited setlines and minnow traps. Based on logistic regression models for setlines and minnow traps, there was a higher probability of catching adult Mudpuppies at lower temperatures and in shallower water with reduced clarity. In addition to documenting the presence of all life stages of this sensitive species in a deep and fast-flowing connecting channel, we were also able to show that standard fisheries research equipment can be used for Mudpuppy research in areas not typically sampled in herpetological studies. Our observations show that typical fisheries assessments and gear can play an important role in data collection for Mudpuppy population and spawning assessments. C1 [Craig, Jaquelyn M.; Kennedy, Greg] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Mifsud, David A.] Herpetol Resource & Management LLC, Chelsea, MI 48118 USA. [Briggs, Andrew S.; Boase, James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Waterford Substn, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. RP Craig, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jcraig@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX We thank the many field personnel who have helped collect the data, and David Bennion for making the maps. This work was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is publication #1952 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 22 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 BP 926 EP 934 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DC8YD UT WOS:000369505400013 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, AJ Layhee, M AF Sepulveda, Adam J. Layhee, Megan TI DESCRIPTION OF FALL AND WINTER MOVEMENTS OF THE INTRODUCED AMERICAN BULLFROG (LITHOBATES CATESBEIANUS) IN A MONTANA, USA, POND SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic invasive species; juvenile; northern latitude; radio telemetry; suppression; Yellowstone River ID RANA-CATESBEIANA; LEOPARD FROGS; HABITAT; TEMPERATURE; PIPIENS; BASIN AB American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) have been introduced across the globe, including in many northern latitude habitats where wetlands are ice-covered for part of the year. Because bullfrogs are less mobile at low temperatures, greater knowledge about their overwintering habitat may provide additional opportunities for control. Here, we described fall and early-winter movements and habitat associations for introduced juvenile bullfrogs in a pond within the Yellowstone River corridor near Billings, Montana, USA. We attached radio-transmitters to 13 juvenile bullfrogs and located individuals from 28 August to 10 December 2014. Bullfrogs moved greater distances in late summer and early autumn, and later during brief warming periods. Collectively, all bullfrog locations were distributed across a 15,384 m(2) area during the active season, but contracted to a 130 m(2) area in the east cove of the pond by the time the study site froze over. Our research provides evidence that managers in northern latitude regions like Montana may be able to use the long, cold winters to their advantage because the site-specific distributions of introduced bullfrogs contracted as temperatures decreased. C1 [Sepulveda, Adam J.; Layhee, Megan] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 6; Montana/Dakotas Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 6, the Montana/Dakotas Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank the Audubon Conservation Education Center in Billings, Montana, for providing field support, supplies and facilities. We thank Lisa Drake and Henry Hansen for assistance with data collection. This research was conducted under Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks scientific collector's permit #2014-089. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 18 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 BP 978 EP 984 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DC8YD UT WOS:000369505400018 ER PT J AU MacDonald, IR Garcia-Pineda, O Beet, A Asl, SD Feng, L Graettinger, G French-McCay, D Holmes, J Hu, C Huffer, F Leifer, I Muller-Karger, F Solow, A Silva, M Swayze, G AF MacDonald, I. R. Garcia-Pineda, O. Beet, A. Asl, S. Daneshgar Feng, L. Graettinger, G. French-McCay, D. Holmes, J. Hu, C. Huffer, F. Leifer, I. Muller-Karger, F. Solow, A. Silva, M. Swayze, G. TI Natural and unnatural oil slicks in the Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; SAR; oil pollution; Deepwater Horizon; natural seeps ID DEEP-WATER-HORIZON; NETWORK ALGORITHM TCNNA; SPILL DETECTION; SATELLITE DATA; THE-ART; SEEPS; SAR; SLOPE; GAS; EVOLUTION AB When wind speeds are 2-10 m s(-1), reflective contrasts in the ocean surface make oil slicks visible to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) under all sky conditions. Neural network analysis of satellite SAR images quantified the magnitude and distribution of surface oil in the Gulf of Mexico from persistent, natural seeps and from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) discharge. This analysis identified 914 natural oil seep zones across the entire Gulf of Mexico in pre-2010 data. Their approximate to 0.1 mu m slicks covered an aggregated average of 775 km(2). Assuming an average volume of 77.5 m(3) over an 8-24 h lifespan per oil slick, the floating oil indicates a surface flux of 2.5-9.4 x 10(4) m(3) yr(-1). Oil from natural slicks was regionally concentrated: 68%, 25%, 7%, and <1% of the total was observed in the NW, SW, NE, and SE Gulf, respectively. This reflects differences in basin history and hydrocarbon generation. SAR images from 2010 showed that the 87 day DWH discharge produced a surface-oil footprint fundamentally different from background seepage, with an average ocean area of 11,200 km(2) (SD 5028) and a volume of 22,600 m(3) (SD 5411). Peak magnitudes of oil were detected during equivalent, approximate to 14 day intervals around 23 May and 18 June, when wind speeds remained <5 m s(-1). Over this interval, aggregated volume of floating oil decreased by 21%; area covered increased by 49% (p<0.1), potentially altering its ecological impact. The most likely causes were increased applications of dispersant and surface burning operations. C1 [MacDonald, I. R.; Garcia-Pineda, O.; Asl, S. Daneshgar; Huffer, F.; Silva, M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Beet, A.; Solow, A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Feng, L.; Hu, C.; Muller-Karger, F.] Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Graettinger, G.] NOAA OR&R, Seattle, WA USA. [French-McCay, D.] RPS ASA, South Kingstown, RI USA. [Holmes, J.] Abt Associates Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Leifer, I.] Bubbleol Res Int, Solvang, CA USA. [Swayze, G.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP MacDonald, IR (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM imacdonald@fsu.edu FU DoE; National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-NT0005638]; National Science Foundation [EF-0801741]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M12PC00003]; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative ECOGIG consortium; Florida Institute of Oceanography FX We thank J. Svejkovsky and M. Hess for their insights regarding surface oil appearance during DWH and also thank S. Sun for his help in generating AVIRIS-based statistics. Investigations of natural seeps were supported by awards to I. R. M. and O. G. P. from DoE, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DE-NT0005638), National Science Foundation (EF-0801741), and Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (M12PC00003). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provided support for DWH data analyses as part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) for the DWH oil spill, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX13AD08G) supported the analysis of optical remote sensing data. The opinions expressed by the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of the U.S. Government. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Additional PI support is acknowledged from the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative ECOGIG consortium and the Florida Institute of Oceanography. Data used in this manuscript are available as supporting information in Data Sets 1, 2A, 2B, and Movie S1 and as GRIIDC dataset doi: 10.7266/N7KW5CZN. Satellite images listed in supporting information Table S1 are archived at the Alaska Satellite Facility. Interpretations of satellite images listed in supporting information Table S2 can be viewed at http://gomex.erma.noaa.gov/. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 8364 EP 8380 DI 10.1002/2015JC011062 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DC3XO UT WOS:000369153200036 PM 27774370 ER PT J AU Doody, TM Colloff, MJ Davies, M Koul, V Benyon, RG Nagler, PL AF Doody, Tanya M. Colloff, Matthew J. Davies, Micah Koul, Vijay Benyon, Richard G. Nagler, Pamela L. TI Quantifying water requirements of riparian river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia - implications for the management of environmental flows SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE flood frequency; wetland connectivity; inundation; drought; floodplain ecosystem function; water resource management; soil water; floodplain vegetation ID SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; MURRUMBIDGEE RIVER; SALINE GROUNDWATER; RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEMS; DROUGHT; WETLAND; LIMITS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Water resource development and drought have altered river flow regimes, increasing average flood return intervals across floodplains in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, causing health declines in riparian river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) forests and woodlands. Environmental flow allocations helped to alleviate water stress during the recent Millennium Drought (1997-2010); however, quantification of the flood frequency required to support healthy E.camaldulensis communities is still needed. We quantified water requirements of E.camaldulensis for 2years across a flood gradient (trees inundated at frequencies of 1:2, 1:5 and 1:10years) at Yanga National Park, New South Wales, to help inform management decision-making and design of environmental flows. Sap flow, evaporative losses and soil moisture measurements were used to determine transpiration, evapotranspiration and plant-available soil water before and after flooding. A formula was developed using plant-available soil water post-flooding and average annual rainfall, to estimate maintenance time of soil water reserves in each flood frequency zone. Results indicated that soil water reserves could sustain 1:2 and 1:5 trees for 15months and 6years, respectively. Trees regulated their transpiration rates, allowing them to persist within their flood frequency zone, and showed reduction in active sapwood area and transpiration rates when flood frequencies exceeded 1:2years. A leaf area index of 05 was identified as a potential threshold indicator of severe drought stress. Our results suggest that environmental water managers may have greater flexibility to adaptively manage floodplains in order to sustain E.camaldulensis forests and woodlands than has been appreciated hitherto. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Doody, Tanya M.] CSIRO Land & Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Colloff, Matthew J.; Davies, Micah; Koul, Vijay] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Benyon, Richard G.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Forest & Ecosyst Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Nagler, Pamela L.] US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Doody, TM (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM tanya.doody@csiro.au RI doody, tanya/C-6890-2011 FU CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country National Research Flagship FX This research was funded by the former CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country National Research Flagship. We thank James Maguire and Paul Childs (NSW Office of Environment and Heritage), for information on flooding regimes and the Rangers at Yanga National Park for assistance in accessing the park. Additional thanks go to Professor Edward Glenn for previous guidance, Dr Tivi Theiveyanathan, Leroy Stewart, John Lamour and Dale Worledge who assisted with fieldwork at various times, and to Michele Michael and Dr Jodie Pritchard for their assistance. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1471 EP 1487 DI 10.1002/eco.1598 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DB7OS UT WOS:000368705800007 ER PT J AU Eldridge, DJ Beecham, G Grace, JB AF Eldridge, David J. Beecham, Genevieve Grace, James B. TI Do shrubs reduce the adverse effects of grazing on soil properties? SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE shrublands; hydrology; shrubs; grazing; woody thickening; degradation; soil health; woodland ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLAND; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE; WATER INFILTRATION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SEMIARID WOODLAND; VEGETATION; ENCROACHMENT AB Increases in the density of woody plants are a global phenomenon in drylands, and large aggregations of shrubs, in particular, are regarded as being indicative of dysfunctional ecosystems. There is increasing evidence that overgrazing by livestock reduces ecosystem functions in shrublands, but that shrubs may buffer the negative effects of increasing grazing. We examined changes in water infiltration and nutrient concentrations in soils under shrubs and in their interspaces in shrublands in eastern Australia that varied in the intensity of livestock grazing. We used structural equation modelling to test whether shrubs might reduce the negative effects of overgrazing on infiltration and soil carbon and nitrogen (henceforth soil nutrients'). Soils under shrubs and subject to low levels of grazing were more stable and had greater levels of soil nutrients. Shrubs had a direct positive effect on soil nutrients; but, grazing negatively affected nutrients by increasing soil bulk density. Structural equation modelling showed that shrubs had a direct positive effect on water flow under ponded conditions but also enhanced water flow, indirectly, through increased litter cover. Any positive effects of shrubs on water flow under low levels of grazing waned at high levels of grazing. Our results indicate that shrubs may reduce the adverse effects of grazing on soil properties. Specifically, shrubs could restrict access to livestock and therefore protect soils and plants beneath their canopies. Low levels of grazing are likely to ensure the retention of soil water and soil carbon and nitrogen in shrubland soils. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Eldridge, David J.; Beecham, Genevieve] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Ecosyst Sci, Off Environm & Heritage, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Eldridge, DJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Ecosyst Sci, Off Environm & Heritage, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM d.eldridge@unsw.edu.au FU USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Programs FX We thank Peter Wolfe for assisting with infiltration measurements, the many landholders on whose properties these studies were undertaken, the Office of Environment and Heritage for making data available on long-term stocking rates, and Lixin Wang for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Support for JBG was provided by the USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Programs. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1503 EP 1513 DI 10.1002/eco.1600 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DB7OS UT WOS:000368705800009 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Duberstein, JA Cormier, N Young, HS Hathaway, SA AF Krauss, Ken W. Duberstein, Jamie A. Cormier, Nicole Young, Hillary S. Hathaway, Stacie A. TI Proximity to encroaching coconut palm limits native forest water use and persistence on a Pacific atoll SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dendrometry; invasion biology; sap flow; scaling; tree water use; Palmyra Atoll; Pacific islands ID SAP FLOW; VEGETATION CHANGES; TREES; TRANSPIRATION; ISLANDS; FLUX; CLIMATE; CANOPY; PLANTS; STAND AB Competition for fresh water between native and introduced plants is one important challenge facing native forests as rainfall variability increases. Competition can be especially acute for vegetation on Pacific atolls, which depend upon consistent rainfall to replenish shallow groundwater stores. Patterns of sap flow, water use, and diameter growth of Pisonia grandis trees were investigated on Sand Islet, Palmyra Atoll, Line Islands, during a period of low rainfall. Sap flow in the outer sapwood was reduced by 53% for P. grandis trees growing within coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) stands (n=9) versus away from coconut palm (n=9). This suggested that water uptake was being limited by coconut palm. Radial patterns of sap flow into the sapwood of P. grandis also differed between stands with and without coconut palm, such that individual tree water use for P. grandis ranged from 14 to 67Lday(-1), averaging 478Lday(-1) without coconut palm and 236Lday(-1) with coconut palm. Diameter growth of P. grandis was measured from nine islets. In contrast to sap flow, competition with coconut palm increased diameter growth by 89%, equating to an individual tree basal area increment of 54 versus 103mm(2)day(-1). Greater diameter growth countered by lower rates of water use by P. grandis trees growing in competition with coconut palm suggests that stem swell may be associated with water storage when positioned in the understory of coconut palm, and may facilitate survival when water becomes limiting until too much shading overwhelms P. grandis. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Krauss, Ken W.; Cormier, Nicole] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Duberstein, Jamie A.] Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. [Young, Hillary S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hathaway, Stacie A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Duberstein, JA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. EM JamieDuberstein@gmail.com FU USGS Ecosystems Mission Area; USGS Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program (salary, NC) FX We thank Diana Papoulias, Mandy Annis, Carl Orazio, and Tom Suchanek for assistance with trip logistics, Darren Johnson for conducting the statistical analyses, and Kevin Lafferty for reviewing a previous draft of this manuscript. Amanda Meyer-Pollock, James Breeden, Jerard Jardin, Ned Brown, and Ana Miller-ter Kuile all provided valuable support to this project. Research was funded by the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area and USGS Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program (salary, NC). This work was conducted under a special use permit granted by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and The Nature Conservancy and USFWS provided critical in-kind contributions. Technical Contribution No. 6259 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1514 EP 1524 DI 10.1002/eco.1601 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DB7OS UT WOS:000368705800010 ER PT J AU Caldwell, PV Kennen, JG Sun, G Kiang, JE Butcher, JB Eddy, MC Hay, LE LaFontaine, JH Hain, EF Nelson, SAC McNulty, SG AF Caldwell, Peter V. Kennen, Jonathan G. Sun, Ge Kiang, Julie E. Butcher, Jon B. Eddy, Michele C. Hay, Lauren E. LaFontaine, Jacob H. Hain, Ernie F. Nelson, Stacy A. C. McNulty, Steve G. TI A comparison of hydrologic models for ecological flows and water availability SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrologic models; environmental flow; calibration; uncertainty; ecosystem health; ELOHA; water supply ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER; REGIME; CONSEQUENCES; BIODIVERSITY; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; STREAM; DAMS AB Robust hydrologic models are needed to help manage water resources for healthy aquatic ecosystems and reliable water supplies for people, but there is a lack of comprehensive model comparison studies that quantify differences in streamflow predictions among model applications developed to answer management questions. We assessed differences in daily streamflow predictions by four fine-scale models and two regional-scale monthly time step models by comparing model fit statistics and bias in ecologically relevant flow statistics (ERFSs) at five sites in the Southeastern USA. Models were calibrated to different extents, including uncalibrated (level A), calibrated to a downstream site (level B), calibrated specifically for the site (level C) and calibrated for the site with adjusted precipitation and temperature inputs (level D). All models generally captured the magnitude and variability of observed streamflows at the five study sites, and increasing level of model calibration generally improved performance. All models had at least 1 of 14 ERFSs falling outside a +/-30% range of hydrologic uncertainty at every site, and ERFSs related to low flows were frequently over-predicted. Our results do not indicate that any specific hydrologic model is superior to the others evaluated at all sites and for all measures of model performance. Instead, we provide evidence that (1) model performance is as likely to be related to calibration strategy as it is to model structure and (2) simple, regional-scale models have comparable performance to the more complex, fine-scale models at a monthly time step. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Caldwell, Peter V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Watershed Sci, Otto, NC USA. [Kennen, Jonathan G.] US Geol Survey, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steve G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. [Kiang, Julie E.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Reston, VA USA. [Butcher, Jon B.] Tetra Tech, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Eddy, Michele C.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hay, Lauren E.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO USA. [LaFontaine, Jacob H.] US Geol Survey, Norcross, GA USA. [Hain, Ernie F.; Nelson, Stacy A. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Ctr Geospatial Analyt, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Caldwell, PV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Watershed Sci, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM pcaldwell02@fs.fed.us FU US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center; Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory; US Department of Interior, Southeast Climate Science Center; USGS National Water Census was greatly appreciated FX We are indebted to the many individuals and agencies that willingly participated in this modelling study and provided the data and flow model output that was integral to the comparisons. We thank Jerry McMahon for his guidance throughout this project and anonymous reviewers for providing timely reviews that greatly improved the final version of this manuscript. We thank North Carolina State University for providing the facilities for a model comparison workshop among agencies and modellers participating in this study. Jeremy Wyss (Tetra Tech) and Pushpa Tuppad (Texas A&M University) were responsible for calibrating the basin-scale HSPF and SWAT models, respectively. The HSPF and SWAT model applications were supported by the US EPA Office of Research and Development National Center for Environmental Assessment under the guidance of Dr Thomas Johnson; however, the views expressed in this paper represent those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Funding for the WaSSI model analysis was provided by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center and the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. Funding for this study and for a model comparison workshop was provided by the US Department of Interior, Southeast Climate Science Center. Additional support from the USGS National Water Census was greatly appreciated. This manuscript has benefitted from peer review from C. Andrew Dolloff (US Forest Service, Center for Forest Watershed Science) and Rodney R. Knight (USGS, Tennessee Water Science Center). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1525 EP 1546 DI 10.1002/eco.1602 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DB7OS UT WOS:000368705800011 ER PT J AU Levandowski, W Boyd, OS Briggs, RW Gold, RD AF Levandowski, Will Boyd, Oliver S. Briggs, Rich W. Gold, Ryan D. TI A random-walk algorithm for modeling lithospheric density and the role of body forces in the evolution of the Midcontinent Rift SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE lithospheric density; intraplate seismicity; continental rifting; plume; Monte Carlo; gravity ID UPPER-MANTLE STRUCTURE; MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; THERMAL-EXPANSION; GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION; NORTHEASTERN KANSAS; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; MINERAL PHYSICS; KEWEENAWAN RIFT AB This paper develops a Monte Carlo algorithm for extracting three-dimensional lithospheric density models from geophysical data. Empirical scaling relationships between velocity and density create a 3-D starting density model, which is then iteratively refined until it reproduces observed gravity and topography. This approach permits deviations from uniform crustal velocity-density scaling, which provide insight into crustal lithology and prevent spurious mapping of crustal anomalies into the mantle. We test this algorithm on the Proterozoic Midcontinent Rift (MCR), north-central United States. The MCR provides a challenge because it hosts a gravity high overlying low shear-wave velocity crust in a generally flat region. Our initial density estimates are derived from a seismic velocity/crustal thickness model based on joint inversion of surface-wave dispersion and receiver functions. By adjusting these estimates to reproduce gravity and topography, we generate a lithospheric-scale model that reveals dense middle crust and eclogitized lowermost crust within the rift. Mantle lithospheric density beneath the MCR is not anomalous, consistent with geochemical evidence that lithospheric mantle was not the primary source of rift-related magmas and suggesting that extension occurred in response to far-field stress rather than a hot mantle plume. Similarly, the subsequent inversion of normal faults resulted from changing far-field stress that exploited not only warm, recently faulted crust but also a gravitational potential energy low in the MCR. The success of this density modeling algorithm in the face of such apparently contradictory geophysical properties suggests that it may be applicable to a variety of tectonic and geodynamic problems. C1 [Levandowski, Will; Boyd, Oliver S.; Briggs, Rich W.; Gold, Ryan D.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Levandowski, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. EM wlevandowski@usgs.gov OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Program FX The U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Program funded WBL's contribution to this work as part of the Central and Eastern US seismic hazard program. Weisen Shen shared the seismic velocity models. Fred Pollitz, Suzanne Nicholson, and Morgan Moschetti conducted presubmission reviews. Associate Editor Cin-Ty Lee provided additional comments. C. Shepherd is thanked for an informative tour of MCR geology. The full posterior distributions of density models, as well as the mean model, are available as supporting information. The full set of MATLAB scripts used to build the starting model and the simulated annealing algorithm are also included therein. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 93 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 16 IS 12 BP 4084 EP 4107 DI 10.1002/2015GC005961 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB9CO UT WOS:000368814000003 ER PT J AU He, YJ Yang, JY Zhuang, QL Harden, JW McGuire, AD Liu, YL Wang, GS Gu, LH AF He, Yujie Yang, Jinyan Zhuang, Qianlai Harden, Jennifer W. McGuire, Anthony D. Liu, Yaling Wang, Gangsheng Gu, Lianhong TI Incorporating microbial dormancy dynamics into soil decomposition models to improve quantification of soil carbon dynamics of northern temperate forests SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE microbial life history traits; microbial dormancy; soil C:N ratio; Michaelis-Menten kinetics; temperate forest ecosystem; soil heterotrophic respiration ID MICHAELIS-MENTEN KINETICS; EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; ORGANIC-CARBON; USE EFFICIENCY; RESPIRATION; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS; SUBSTRATE; STOICHIOMETRY; ASSIMILATION AB Soil carbon dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. Microbial-based decomposition models have seen much growth recently for quantifying this role, yet dormancy as a common strategy used by microorganisms has not usually been represented and tested in these models against field observations. Here we developed an explicit microbial-enzyme decomposition model and examined model performance with and without representation of microbial dormancy at six temperate forest sites of different forest types. We then extrapolated the model to global temperate forest ecosystems to investigate biogeochemical controls on soil heterotrophic respiration and microbial dormancy dynamics at different temporal-spatial scales. The dormancy model consistently produced better match with field-observed heterotrophic soil CO2 efflux (R-H) than the no dormancy model. Our regional modeling results further indicated that models with dormancy were able to produce more realistic magnitude of microbial biomass (<2% of soil organic carbon) and soil R-H (7.52.4PgCyr(-1)). Spatial correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon content was the dominating factor (correlation coefficient=0.4-0.6) in the simulated spatial pattern of soil R-H with both models. In contrast to strong temporal and local controls of soil temperature and moisture on microbial dormancy, our modeling results showed that soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) was a major regulating factor at regional scales (correlation coefficient=-0.43 to -0.58), indicating scale-dependent biogeochemical controls on microbial dynamics. Our findings suggest that incorporating microbial dormancy could improve the realism of microbial-based decomposition models and enhance the integration of soil experiments and mechanistically based modeling. C1 [He, Yujie; Zhuang, Qianlai; Liu, Yaling] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Yang, Jinyan] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yang, Jinyan] Northeast Forestry Univ, Ctr Ecol Res, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGuire, Anthony D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Wang, Gangsheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Wang, Gangsheng; Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhuang, QL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN USA.; Zhuang, QL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM qzhuang@purdue.edu RI Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; He, Yujie/E-2514-2017 OI Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; He, Yujie/0000-0001-8261-5399 FU NSF [0919331, NSF-0630319]; NASA [NASA-NNX09AI26G]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64599]; NSF Division of Information & Intelligent Systems [NSF-1028291] FX We would like to thank Xiaofeng Xu for his suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript and Yang Bai for his helpful information regarding partitioning AmeriFlux data. We also would like to thank AmeriFlux PI Dr. Beverly Law for making these long-term observations publicly available. All data needed for reproduction of this study are available online (https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B081GsjCQ_JucnpQUGNyeU5hckk&usp =sharing) and also upon request. This research is partly supported with funding to Q.Z. through NSF projects (DEB-#0919331 and NSF-0630319), the NASA Land Use and Land Cover Change program (NASA-NNX09AI26G), Department of Energy (DE-FG02-08ER64599), and the NSF Division of Information & Intelligent Systems (NSF-1028291). Data from analyses and figures will be archived in the Purdue University Research Repository and can be accessed by contacting the corresponding author (Q.Z.). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 2596 EP 2611 DI 10.1002/2015JG003130 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DC0WL UT WOS:000368938500008 ER PT J AU Fedy, BC O'Donnell, MS Bowen, ZH AF Fedy, Bradley C. O'Donnell, Michael S. Bowen, Zachary H. TI Large-scale Control Site Selection for Population Monitoring: An Example Assessing Sage-grouse Trends SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; control; experimental design; Geographic Information System (GIS); greater sage-grouse; treatment ID LONG-TERM; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; HABITAT SELECTION; TIME-SERIES; SAGEBRUSH HABITATS; LEKS IMPLICATIONS; LANDSCAPE; USA; CONSERVATION; IMPACTS AB Human impacts on wildlife populations are widespread and prolific and understanding wildlife responses to human impacts is a fundamental component of wildlife management. The first step to understanding wildlife responses is the documentation of changes in wildlife population parameters, such as population size. Meaningful assessment of population changes in potentially impacted sites requires the establishment of monitoring at similar, nonimpacted, control sites. However, it is often difficult to identify appropriate control sites in wildlife populations. We demonstrated use of Geographic Information System (GIS) data across large spatial scales to select biologically relevant control sites for population monitoring. Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hearafter, sage-grouse) are negatively affected by energy development, and monitoring of sage-grouse population within energy development areas is necessary to detect population-level responses. We used population data (1995-2012) from an energy development area in Wyoming, USA, the Atlantic Rim Project Area (ARPA), and GIS data to identify control sites that were not impacted by energy development for population monitoring. Control sites were surrounded by similar habitat and were within similar climate areas to the ARPA. We developed nonlinear trend models for both the ARPA and control sites and compared long-term trends from the 2 areas. We found little difference between the ARPA and control sites trends over time. This research demonstrated an approach for control site selection across large landscapes and can be used as a template for similar impact-monitoring studies. It is important to note that identification of changes in population parameters between control and treatment sites is only the first step in understanding the mechanisms that underlie those changes. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Fedy, Bradley C.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [O'Donnell, Michael S.; Bowen, Zachary H.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Fedy, BC (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM bfedy@uwaterloo.ca FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management FX This research was supported by funding from the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. We are grateful to the many people who have monitored sage-grouse leks in Wyoming over the years. We thank F. Blomquist for his input and support for the research. The manuscript was improved through comments from C. Hagen, B. Cade, J. Sands, C. Ribic, and one anonymous reviewer. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 39 IS 4 BP 700 EP 712 DI 10.1002/wsb.601 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DC0FK UT WOS:000368892400004 ER PT J AU Fieberg, JR Jenkins, K McCorquodale, S Rice, CG White, GC White, K AF Fieberg, John R. Jenkins, Kurt McCorquodale, Scott Rice, Clifford G. White, Gary C. White, Kevin TI Do Capture and Survey Methods Influence Whether Marked Animals Are Representative of Unmarked Animals? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; behavior; capture-related stress; detection; sightability model ID NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; SIGHTABILITY MODEL; MOUNTAIN GOATS; MULE DEER; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; RESIGHT; MOOSE; WASHINGTON; NOREMARK AB Radiocollared animals are frequently used to estimate detection probabilities in aerial surveys. The aircraft used to conduct these surveys may also have been used to aid in the capture of these animals, and recently captured animals may react to hearing or seeing the aircraft, changing their behavior in a way that calls into question the representativeness of estimated detection probabilities. We conducted a literature review and found 30 studies that used radiocollared animals to build sightability detection models; in >= 15 of these studies, the same aircraft was used to capture and survey animals. Although it is difficult to determine whether captured animals have different sighting probabilities than the rest of the target population, we used multiyear resighting data collected from moose (Alces alces) in Minnesota, elk (Cervus elaphus) in Washington, and mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in Washington and Alaska, to evaluate whether detection probabilities increased or decreased as a function of time since original capture. We did not detect statistically significant within-individual time trends in detection probabilities, although we could not rule out the possibility of biologically significant results because confidence intervals on effect sizes were relatively wide. The lone exception to this rule was for the cohort of radiocollared moose in Minnesota, which exhibited a slight decrease in detection probabilities over time. Differences in detection probabilities for marked and unmarked animals may not be a significant problem for sightability models, provided that the source of the variability can be captured by model covariates (e.g., heterogeneity is tied to an individual's propensity to be in heavy cover). Nonetheless, capture-related effects likely deserve greater consideration than currently afforded, and are critically important when applying simple mark-recapture abundance estimators (Lincoln-Petersen, mark-resight) that do not allow consideration of sighting covariates. (C) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Fieberg, John R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 2003 Upper Buford Circle,Skok Hall 135, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jenkins, Kurt] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [McCorquodale, Scott] Dept Fish & Wildlife, Yakima, WA 98902 USA. [Rice, Clifford G.] Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [White, Kevin] Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. RP Fieberg, JR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 2003 Upper Buford Circle,Skok Hall 135, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jfieberg@umn.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 39 IS 4 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1002/wsb.591 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DC0FK UT WOS:000368892400005 ER PT J AU Suzuki, Y Roby, DD Lyons, DE Courtot, KN Collis, K AF Suzuki, Yasuko Roby, Daniel D. Lyons, Donald E. Courtot, Karen N. Collis, Ken TI Developing Nondestructive Techniques for Managing Conflicts Between Fisheries and Double-Crested Cormorant Colonies SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE cormorant; habitat enhancement; Phalacrocorax auritus; predation; salmonids; social attraction ID PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; POPULATION-SIZE; PACIFIC COAST; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION; TRENDS; DIET; SITE AB Double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) have been identified as the source of significant mortality to juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Columbia River Basin. Management plans for reducing the size of a large colony on East Sand Island (OR, USA) in the Columbia River estuary are currently being developed. We evaluated habitat enhancement and social attraction as nondestructive techniques for managing cormorant nesting colonies during 2004-2007. We tested these techniques on unoccupied plots adjacent to the East Sand Island cormorant colony. Cormorants quickly colonized these plots and successfully raised young. Cormorants also were attracted to nest and raised young on similar plots at 2 islands approximately 25 km from East Sand Island; 1 island had a history of successful cormorant nesting whereas the other was a site where cormorants had previously nested unsuccessfully. On a third island with no history of cormorant nesting or nesting attempts, these techniques were unsuccessful at attracting cormorants to nest. Our results suggest that some important factors influencing attraction of nesting cormorants using these techniques include history of cormorant nesting, disturbance, and presence of breeding cormorants nearby. These techniques may be effective in redistributing nesting cormorants away from areas where fish stocks of conservation concern are susceptible to predation, especially if sites with a recent history of cormorant nesting are available within their foraging or dispersal range. Published 2015. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Suzuki, Yasuko; Lyons, Donald E.; Courtot, Karen N.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Collis, Ken] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Suzuki, Y (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yasuko.suzuki@oregonstate.edu OI Courtot, Karen/0000-0002-8849-4054 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Portland District and the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Portland District and the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). We especially thank G. Dorsey and P. Schmidt (USACE Portland District) and J. Skidmore (BPA) for their support. We are grateful to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for their assistance and support. We are very thankful to many people in our research team for their valuable help: J. Adkins, D. Battaglia, B. Cramer, B. Courtot, A. Evans, N. Hostetter, L. Kerr, P. Loschl, and many field technicians and interns. K. Dugger provided valuable comments that improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also thank A. Pearse, L. Wires, J. Gervais, and an anonymous reviewer for providing insightful comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 39 IS 4 BP 764 EP 771 DI 10.1002/wsb.595 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DC0FK UT WOS:000368892400012 ER PT J AU LaRue, MA Stapleton, S Porter, C Atkinson, S Atwood, T Dyck, M Lecomte, N AF LaRue, Michelle A. Stapleton, Seth Porter, Claire Atkinson, Stephen Atwood, Todd Dyck, Markus Lecomte, Nicolas TI Testing Methods for Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery to Monitor Polar Bear Abundance and Distribution SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; Arctic; marine mammal; polar bear; remote sensing; resampling; satellite imagery; Ursus maritimus ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; LAND-USE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION; FOREST; FIRE; CLASSIFICATION; DEFORESTATION; VEGETATION; CANADA AB High-resolution satellite imagery is a promising tool for providing coarse information about polar species abundance and distribution, but current applications are limited. With polar bears (Ursus maritimus), the technique has only proven effective on landscapes with little topographic relief that are devoid of snow and ice, and time-consuming manual review of imagery is required to identify bears. Here, we evaluated mechanisms to further develop methods for satellite imagery by examining data from Rowley Island, Canada. We attempted to automate and expedite detection via a supervised spectral classification and image differencing to expedite image review. We also assessed what proportion of a region should be sampled to obtain reliable estimates of density and abundance. Although the spectral signature of polar bears differed from nontarget objects, these differences were insufficient to yield useful results via a supervised classification process. Conversely, automated image differencing-or subtracting one image from another-correctly identified nearly 90% of polar bear locations. This technique, however, also yielded false positives, suggesting that manual review will still be required to confirm polar bear locations. On Rowley Island, bear distribution approximated a Poisson distribution across a range of plot sizes, and resampling suggests that sampling >50% of the site facilitates reliable estimation of density (CV <15%). Satellite imagery may be an effective monitoring tool in certain areas, but large-scale applications remain limited because of the challenges in automation and the limited environments in which the method can be effectively applied. Improvements in resolution may expand opportunities for its future uses. (C) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [LaRue, Michelle A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Stapleton, Seth] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Porter, Claire] Univ Minnesota, Polar Geospatial Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Atkinson, Stephen; Dyck, Markus; Lecomte, Nicolas] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. [Atwood, Todd] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP LaRue, MA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM larue010@umn.edu FU World Wildlife Fund-Canada; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Government of Nunavut; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources and Environment Canada FX We thank World Wildlife Fund-Canada, the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, and the Government of Nunavut for funding this project. S. Stapleton received additional support from the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources and Environment Canada. We thank the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and for providing insight on previous versions of this manuscript. Many thanks go to B. Thomassie at Digital-Globe, Inc., for coordinating collection and delivery of satellite imagery. We are also grateful to the community of Igloolik and for its Hunters and Trappers Organization for their interest and support to our project. Logistical support for this project was provided by the University of Minnesota, the Polar Geospatial Center, and the Government of Nunavut. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 39 IS 4 BP 772 EP 779 DI 10.1002/wsb.596 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DC0FK UT WOS:000368892400013 ER PT J AU Hunt, VM Jacobi, SK Knutson, MG Lonsdorf, EV Papon, S Zorn, J AF Hunt, Victoria M. Jacobi, Sarah K. Knutson, Melinda G. Lonsdorf, Eric V. Papon, Shawn Zorn, Jennifer TI A Data Management System for Long-term Natural Resource Monitoring and Management Projects with Multiple Cooperators (vol 39, pg 464, 2015) SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Correction ID ADAPTIVE OPTIMIZATION C1 [Hunt, Victoria M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Hunt, Victoria M.; Jacobi, Sarah K.; Lonsdorf, Eric V.] Chicago Bot Garden, Dept Plant Sci & Conservat, Chicago, IL 60022 USA. [Knutson, Melinda G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Biol Resources, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Papon, Shawn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fergus Falls Wetland Management Dist, Fergus Falls, MN 56537 USA. [Zorn, Jennifer] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Biol Resources, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. RP Hunt, VM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM elonsdo1@fandm.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 39 IS 4 BP 840 EP 841 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DC0FK UT WOS:000368892400023 ER PT J AU Funk, C Shukla, S Hoell, A Livneh, B AF Funk, Chris Shukla, Shraddhanand Hoell, Andy Livneh, Ben TI ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF EAST AFRICAN AND WEST PACIFIC WARMING TO THE 2014 BOREAL SPRING EAST AFRICAN DROUGHT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LONG RAINS; SURFACE; MODELS; SYSTEM; WATER; HORN C1 [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93016 USA. [Funk, Chris; Shukla, Shraddhanand] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hoell, Andy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Livneh, Ben] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Livneh, Ben] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Funk, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93016 USA. OI LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) [G09AC000001]; NOAA Award [NA11OAR4310151]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change program; NASA SERVIR; NASA [NNH12ZDA001N-IDS, NNX14AD30G] FX This work was supported by US Geological Survey (USGS) cooperative agreement #G09AC000001), NOAA Award NA11OAR4310151, the USGS Climate and Land Use Change program, NASA SERVIR, and NASA grants NNH12ZDA001N-IDS and NNX14AD30G. We would like to thank our editor (Stephanie Herring), our anonymous reviewers, and Colin Kelley whose suggestions substantially improved this manuscript. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP S77 EP S82 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00106.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4SL UT WOS:000368503300016 ER PT J AU Fifield, VL Rossi, AJ Boydston, EE AF Fifield, Virginia L. Rossi, Anna J. Boydston, Erin E. TI Documentation of mountain lions in Marin County, California, 2010-2013 SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article DE mountain lion; cougar; panther; puma; Puma concolor; ocular defect; eyeshine; Marin County; camera trap; San Francisco Bay Area C1 [Rossi, Anna J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Boydston, Erin E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Boydston, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. EM eboydston@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 2015 VL 101 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA DB5QK UT WOS:000368568500006 ER PT J AU McShane, RR Auerbach, DA Friedman, JM Auble, GT Shafroth, PB Merigliano, MF Scott, ML Poff, NL AF McShane, Ryan R. Auerbach, Daniel A. Friedman, Jonathan M. Auble, Gregor T. Shafroth, Patrick B. Merigliano, Michael F. Scott, Michael L. Poff, N. LeRoy TI Distribution of invasive and native riparian woody plants across the western USA in relation to climate, river flow, floodplain geometry and patterns of introduction SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; RUSSIAN OLIVE; UNITED-STATES; ELAEAGNUS-ANGUSTIFOLIA; SOUTHWESTERN US; MISSOURI RIVER; VEGETATION; COTTONWOOD; TAMARIX; TREES AB Management of riparian plant invasions across the landscape requires understanding the combined influence of climate, hydrology, geologic constraints and patterns of introduction. We measured abundance of nine riparian woody taxa at 456 stream gages across the western USA. We constructed conditional inference recursive binary partitioning models to discriminate the influence of eleven environmental variables on plant occurrence and abundance, focusing on the two most abundant non-native taxa, Tamarix spp. and Elaeagnus angustifolia, and their native competitor Populus deltoides. River reaches in this study were distributed along a composite gradient from cooler, wetter higher-elevation reaches with higher stream power and earlier snowmelt flood peaks to warmer, drier lower-elevation reaches with lower power and later peaks. Plant distributions were strongly related to climate, hydrologic and geomorphic factors, and introduction history. The strongest associations were with temperature and then precipitation. Among hydrologic and geomorphic variables, stream power, peak flow timing and 10-yr flood magnitude had stronger associations than did peak flow predictability, low-flow magnitude, mean annual flow and channel confinement. Nearby intentional planting of Elaeagnus was the best predictor of its occurrence, but planting of Tamarix was rare. Higher temperatures were associated with greater abundance of Tamarix relative to P. deltoides, and greater abundance of P. deltoides relative to Elaeagnus. Populus deltoides abundance was more strongly related to peak flow timing than was that of Elaeagnus or Tamarix. Higher stream power and larger 10-yr floods were associated with greater abundance of P. deltoides and Tamarix relative to Elaeagnus. Therefore, increases in temperature could increase abundance of Tamarix and decrease that of Elaeagnus relative to P. deltoides, changes in peak flow timing caused by climate change or dam operations could increase abundance of both invasive taxa, and dam-induced reductions in flood peaks could increase abundance of Elaeagnus relative to Tamarix and P. deltoides. C1 [McShane, Ryan R.; Auerbach, Daniel A.; Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [McShane, Ryan R.; Auerbach, Daniel A.; Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Friedman, Jonathan M.; Auble, Gregor T.; Shafroth, Patrick B.; Scott, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merigliano, Michael F.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Friedman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM friedmanj@usgs.gov OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 FU U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results program [R833833] FX M. Freehling assisted with field work, J. Gaskin identified Tamarix samples, and P. Anderson, J. Roth, R. Evans and J. Saher helped with data analysis. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program. RRM, DAA and NLP were supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results program (R833833). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD DEC PY 2015 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1254 EP 1265 DI 10.1111/ecog.01285 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB3WS UT WOS:000368444600009 ER PT J AU Kassotis, CD Klemp, KC Vu, DC Lin, CH Meng, CX Besch-Williford, CL Pinatti, L Zoeller, RT Drobnis, EZ Balise, VD Isiguzo, CJ Williams, MA Tillitt, DE Nagel, SC AF Kassotis, Christopher D. Klemp, Kara C. Vu, Danh C. Lin, Chung-Ho Meng, Chun-Xia Besch-Williford, Cynthia L. Pinatti, Lisa Zoeller, R. Thomas Drobnis, Erma Z. Balise, Victoria D. Isiguzo, Chiamaka J. Williams, Michelle A. Tillitt, Donald E. Nagel, Susan C. TI Endocrine-Disrupting Activity of Hydraulic Fracturing Chemicals and Adverse Health Outcomes After Prenatal Exposure in Male Mice SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-GAS EXTRACTION; MATERNAL RESIDENTIAL PROXIMITY; HUMAN PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; DRINKING-WATER WELLS; IN-UTERO; MARCELLUS SHALE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CONCENTRATION ADDITION; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY AB Oil and natural gas operations have been shown to contaminate surface and ground water with endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In the current study, we fill several gaps in our understanding of the potential environmental impacts related to this process. We measured the endocrine-disrupting activities of 24 chemicals used and/or produced by oil and gas operations for five nuclear receptors using a reporter gene assay in human endometrial cancer cells. We also quantified the concentration of 16 of these chemicals in oil and gas wastewater samples. Finally, we assessed reproductive and developmental outcomes in male C57BL/6J mice after the prenatal exposure to a mixture of these chemicals. We found that 23 commonly used oil and natural gas operation chemicals can activate or inhibit the estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, progesterone, and/or thyroid receptors, and mixtures of these chemicals can behave synergistically, additively, or antagonistically in vitro. Prenatal exposure to a mixture of 23 oil and gas operation chemicals at 3, 30, and 300 mu g/kg.d caused decreased sperm counts and increased testes, body, heart, and thymus weights and increased serum testosterone in male mice, suggesting multiple organ system impacts. Our results suggest possible adverse developmental and reproductive health outcomes in humans and animals exposed to potential environmentally relevant levels of oil and gas operation chemicals. C1 [Kassotis, Christopher D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Klemp, Kara C.; Meng, Chun-Xia; Drobnis, Erma Z.; Balise, Victoria D.; Isiguzo, Chiamaka J.; Nagel, Susan C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Vu, Danh C.; Lin, Chung-Ho] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Balise, Victoria D.; Williams, Michelle A.; Nagel, Susan C.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Besch-Williford, Cynthia L.] IDEXX RADIL Pathol Serv, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Pinatti, Lisa; Zoeller, R. Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Nagel, SC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, M659 Med Sci Bldg,1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM nagels@health.missouri.edu RI Meng, Chunxia/G-7583-2016; OI Meng, Chunxia/0000-0001-8197-439X; Drobnis, Erma Z./0000-0001-5495-3489 FU Passport Foundation Science Innovation Fund; University of Missouri Research Council; STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement - US Environmental Protection Agency [FP-91747101] FX This work was supported by grants from the Passport Foundation Science Innovation Fund (to S.C.N.), the University of Missouri Research Council, a crowd funding campaign on Experiment.com, and STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement FP-91747101 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (to C.D.K.). NR 90 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 29 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2055 L ST NW, SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD DEC PY 2015 VL 156 IS 12 BP 4458 EP 4473 DI 10.1210/en.2015-1375 PG 16 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DB3KT UT WOS:000368410900009 PM 26465197 ER PT J AU Clow, GD AF Clow, Gary D. TI A Green's function approach for assessing the thermal disturbance caused by drilling deep boreholes in rock or ice SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Downhole methods; Glaciology; Heat flow ID STATIC FORMATION TEMPERATURES; BOTTOM-HOLE TEMPERATURE; PETROLEUM WELLS; STABILIZATION; FLOW AB A knowledge of subsurface temperatures in sedimentary basins, fault zones, volcanic environments and polar ice sheets is of interest for a wide variety of geophysical applications. However, the process of drilling deep boreholes in these environments to provide access for temperature and other measurements invariably disturbs the temperature field around a newly created borehole. Although this disturbance dissipates over time, most temperature measurements are made while the temperature field is still disturbed. Thus, the measurements must be 'corrected' for the drilling-disturbance effect if the undisturbed temperature field is to be determined. This paper provides compact analytical solutions for the thermal drilling disturbance based on 1-D (radial) and 2-D (radial and depth) Green's functions (GFs) in cylindrical coordinates. Solutions are developed for three types of boundary conditions (BCs) at the borehole wall: (1) prescribed temperature, (2) prescribed heat flux and (3) a prescribed convective condition. The BC at the borehole wall is allowed to vary both with depth and time. Inclusion of the depth dimension in the 2-D solution allows vertical heat-transfer effects to be quantified in situations where they are potentially important, that is, near the earth's surface, at the bottom of a well and when considering finite-drilling rates. The 2-D solution also includes a radial- and time-dependent BC at the earth's surface to assess the impact of drilling-related infrastructure (drilling pads, mud pits, permanent shelters) on the subsurface temperature field. Latent-heat effects due to the melting and subsequent refreezing of interstitial ice while drilling a borehole through ice-rich permafrost can be included in the GF solution as a moving-plane heat source (or sink) located at the solid-liquid interface. Synthetic examples are provided illustrating the 1-D and 2-D GF solutions. The flexibility of the approach allows the investigation of thermal drilling effects in rock or ice for a wide variety of drilling technologies. Numerical values for the required radial GFs G(R) are available through the Advanced Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service at doi: 10.5065/D64F1NS6. C1 [Clow, Gary D.] US Geol Survey, INSTAAR, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Clow, GD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, INSTAAR, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM clow@usgs.gov FU Climate and Land Use Change Programme, U.S. Geological Survey FX Financial support for this work was provided by the Climate and Land Use Change Programme, U.S. Geological Survey. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 203 IS 3 BP 1877 EP 1895 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv415 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB3QQ UT WOS:000368426800026 ER PT J AU Rosas-Carbajal, M Linde, N Peacock, J Zyserman, FI Kalscheuer, T Thiel, S AF Rosas-Carbajal, M. Linde, N. Peacock, J. Zyserman, F. I. Kalscheuer, T. Thiel, S. TI Probabilistic 3-D time-lapse inversion of magnetotelluric data: application to an enhanced geothermal system SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Inverse theory; Probability distributions; Non-linear electromagnetics; Hydrogeophysics ID MARINE CSEM DATA; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; STOCHASTIC INVERSION; BAYESIAN INVERSION; SEISMIC AVA; MODEL; CONDUCTIVITY; FEASIBILITY; BOUNDARY; FIELDS AB Surface-based monitoring of mass transfer caused by injections and extractions in deep bore-holes is crucial to maximize oil, gas and geothermal production. Inductive electromagnetic methods, such as magnetotellurics, are appealing for these applications due to their large penetration depths and sensitivity to changes in fluid conductivity and fracture connectivity. In this work, we propose a 3-D Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion of time-lapse magnetotelluric data to image mass transfer following a saline fluid injection. The inversion estimates the posterior probability density function of the resulting plume, and thereby quantifies model uncertainty. To decrease computation times, we base the parametrization on a reduced Legendre moment decomposition of the plume. A synthetic test shows that our methodology is effective when the electrical resistivity structure prior to the injection is well known. The centre of mass and spread of the plume are well retrieved. We then apply our inversion strategy to an injection experiment in an enhanced geothermal system at Paralana, South Australia, and compare it to a 3-D deterministic time-lapse inversion. The latter retrieves resistivity changes that are more shallow than the actual injection interval, whereas the probabilistic inversion retrieves plumes that are located at the correct depths and oriented in a preferential north-south direction. To explain the time-lapse data, the inversion requires unrealistically large resistivity changes with respect to the base model. We suggest that this is partly explained by unaccounted subsurface heterogeneities in the base model from which time-lapse changes are inferred. C1 [Rosas-Carbajal, M.; Linde, N.] Univ Lausanne, Appl & Environm Geophys Grp, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Peacock, J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zyserman, F. I.] Univ Nacl La Plata, CONICET, Fac Ciencias Astron & Geofis, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Kalscheuer, T.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Thiel, S.] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Rosas-Carbajal, M (reprint author), Inst Phys Globe Paris, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75251 Paris, France. EM Marina.Rosas@Unil.ch RI Linde, Niklas/A-9440-2008; OI Linde, Niklas/0000-0003-1613-353X; Kalscheuer, Thomas/0000-0003-3819-8182; Thiel, Stephan/0000-0002-8678-412X FU Swiss National Science Foundation [200021-130200, 200020-149117] FX We thank Eric Laloy for his advice on the use of the Legendre moment parametrization, Philippe Logean for his help with the cluster implementations, Damien Jougnot for useful discussions about petrophysics, Anna Kelbert and Gary Egbert for providing the ModEM program for the deterministic inversions and forward computations, Jasper Vrugt for providing the DREAM(ZS) program and two anonymous reviewers and the Editor Ute Weckmann for their constructive comments. This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grants 200021-130200 and 200020-149117. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 203 IS 3 BP 1946 EP 1960 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv406 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB3QQ UT WOS:000368426800031 ER PT J AU Clubb, S Velez, J Garner, MM Zaias, J Cray, C AF Clubb, Susan Velez, Jafet Garner, Michael M. Zaias, Julia Cray, Carolyn TI Health and Reproductive Assessment of Selected Puerto Rican Parrots (Amazona vittata) in Captivity SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article DE psittacine bird reproduction; endoscopy; avian; Puerto Rican parrot; Amazona vittata ID SPECIES CONSERVATION; LIMITATIONS AB The Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) has become an iconic and high-profile conservation species. The cornerstone of the recovery plan for this critically endangered species is an active captive breeding program, management of the wild population, and a long-term reintroduction program. In 2002, 40 adult Puerto Rican parrots that had not produced viable offspring were selected for reproductive assessment at 2 aviary populations in Puerto Rico (Iguaca and Rio Abajo), which are the only sources of parrots for release. The goal was to enhance reproductive potential and produce productive pairings in an attempt to augment the population growth and provide ample individuals for reintroduction. Seven Hispanolian Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) that were used as surrogate parents for the Puerto Rican parrots were also included in the study. This assessment included physical examination, endoscopic evaluation, hematologic and plasma biochemical profiles, viral screening, and hormonal assays. Results of general physical examination and hematologic and plasma biochemical testing revealed overall good health and condition of this subset of the population of Puerto Rican parrots; no major infectious diseases were found. Endoscopic examination also revealed overall good health and condition, especially of females. The apparent low fertility of male birds warrants further investigation. The findings helped to define causes of reproductive failure in the selected pairs and individual birds. New pairings resulting from the assessment helped to augment reproduction of this critically endangered species. C1 [Clubb, Susan] Rainforest Clin Birds, 3319 E Rd, Loxahatchee, FL 33470 USA. [Velez, Jafet] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program Off, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. [Garner, Michael M.] Northwest ZooPath, Monroe, WA 98272 USA. [Zaias, Julia] Univ Miami, Div Vet Resources, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Cray, Carolyn] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. RP Clubb, S (reprint author), Rainforest Clin Birds, 3319 E Rd, Loxahatchee, FL 33470 USA. FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program Office FX We thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program Office for their support of this effort in 2002 and 2005. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI BOCA RATON PA PO BOX 811720, BOCA RATON, FL 33481 USA SN 1082-6742 EI 1938-2871 J9 J AVIAN MED SURG JI J. Avian Med. Surg. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 313 EP 325 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DB5RI UT WOS:000368570900006 PM 26771321 ER PT J AU Toth, LT Kuffner, IB Cheng, H Edwards, RL AF Toth, Lauren T. Kuffner, Ilsa B. Cheng, Hai Edwards, R. Lawrence TI A NEW RECORD OF THE LATE PLEISTOCENE CORAL POCILLOPORA PALMATA FROM THE DRY TORTUGAS, FLORIDA REEF TRACT, USA SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL; MARINE SANCTUARY; EASTERN PACIFIC; CARIBBEAN REEFS; EXTINCTION; MARGIN; KEYS; HISTORY; SCLERACTINIA; TEMPERATURE AB Pocilloporid corals dominated shallow-water environments in the Caribbean during much of the Cenozoic; however, the regional diversity of this family declined over the last 15 My, culminating with the extinction of its final member, Pocillopora palmata, during the latest Pleistocene. Here we present a new record of P. palmata from Dry Tortugas National Park in the Florida Keys and infer its likely age. Although most existing records of P. palmata are from the sub-aerial reef deposits of MIS5e (similar to 125 ka), the presently submerged reef in the Dry Tortugas was too deep (> 18 m) during this period to support significant reef growth. In contrast, the maximum water depth during MIS5a (similar to 82 ka) was only similar to 5.6 m, which would have been ideal for P. palmata. Diagenetic alteration prevented direct dating of the samples; however, the similarity between the depths of the Pleistocene bedrock in the Dry Tortugas and other reefs in the Florida Keys, which have been previously dated to MIS5a, support the conclusion that P. palmata likely grew in the Dry Tortugas during this period. Our study provides important new information on the history of P. palmata, but it also highlights the vital need for more comprehensive studies of the Quaternary history of Caribbean reef development. With modern reef degradation already driving yet another restructuring of Caribbean coral assemblages, insights from past extinctions may prove critical in determining the prognosis of Caribbean reefs in the future. C1 [Toth, Lauren T.; Kuffner, Ilsa B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 Fourth St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Cheng, Hai] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian 310049, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R. Lawrence] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Toth, LT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 Fourth St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ltoth@usgs.gov OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847 FU Mendenhall Research Fellowship; United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal Marine Geology Program; Natural Hazards Mission Area FX We thank E.A. Shinn and J. H. Hudson for collecting the reef core used in this study in 1976 as part of the Tortugas Reef Atoll Continuous Transect Studies (TRACTS) expedition. We are grateful to E.A. Shinn, W.F. Precht, and R.B. Aronson for their insights on the project, C. Kerans and A.C. Hine for their assistance in interpreting the SEM images of the corals, and G.R. Brooks for confirming the mineralogy of the corals with XRD analysis. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviews and the handling editor, J.-P. Zonneveld for their thoughtful commentary earlier drafts of the manuscript. This study was funded by a Mendenhall Research Fellowship awarded to L.T.T. by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal Marine Geology Program and the Natural Hazards Mission Area. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 EI 1938-5323 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 12 BP 827 EP 835 DI 10.2110/palo.2015.030 PG 9 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA DB4PH UT WOS:000368494900003 ER PT J AU Arp, CD Jones, BM Liljedahl, AK Hinkel, KM Welker, JA AF Arp, Christopher D. Jones, Benjamin M. Liljedahl, Anna K. Hinkel, Kenneth M. Welker, Jeffery A. TI Depth, ice thickness, and ice-out timing cause divergent hydrologic responses among Arctic lakes SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GREAT SLAVE LAKE; WATER AVAILABILITY; ENERGY-BALANCE; NORTH SLOPE; SHALLOW LAKES; ALASKA; COVER; EVAPORATION; CANADA; USA AB Lakes are prevalent in the Arctic and thus play a key role in regional hydrology. Since many Arctic lakes are shallow and ice grows thick (historically 2 m or greater), seasonal ice commonly freezes to the lake bed (bedfast ice) by winter's end. Bedfast ice fundamentally alters lake energy balance and melt-out processes compared to deeper lakes that exceed the maximum ice thickness (floating ice) and maintain perennial liquid water below floating ice. Our analysis of lakes in northern Alaska indicated that ice-out of bedfast ice lakes occurred on average 17 days earlier (22 June) than ice-out on adjacent floating ice lakes (9 July). Earlier ice-free conditions in bedfast ice lakes caused higher open-water evaporation, 28% on average, relative to floating ice lakes and this divergence increased in lakes closer to the coast and in cooler summers. Water isotopes (O-18 and H-2) indicated similar differences in evaporation between these lake types. Our analysis suggests that ice regimes created by the combination of lake depth relative to ice thickness and associated ice-out timing currently cause a strong hydrologic divergence among Arctic lakes. Thus, understanding the distribution and dynamics of lakes by ice regime is essential for predicting regional hydrology. An observed regime shift in lakes to floating ice conditions due to thinner ice growth may initially offset lake drying because of lower evaporative loss from this lake type. This potential negative feedback caused by winter processes occurs in spite of an overall projected increase in evapotranspiration as the Arctic climate warms. C1 [Arp, Christopher D.; Liljedahl, Anna K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Liljedahl, Anna K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Hinkel, Kenneth M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Welker, Jeffery A.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Arp, CD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM cdarp@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [ARC-1107481, ARC-1417300]; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Bureau of Land Management Arctic Field Office FX Funding for this study was provided primarily by the National Science Foundation (ARC-1107481 and ARC-1417300) with additional funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative, and the Bureau of Land Management Arctic Field Office. We thank Karen Frey, Ben Gaglioti, Guido Grosse, Eric Torvinen, and Matthew Whitman who assisted with field work and logistics for this study. Additional logistical support was provided by the staff from Community Polar Services, Inc., and Toolik Field Station. We thank Jim Webster for the many years of flight support to and from the field sites and help with field work. This manuscript benefited from thoughtful reviews provided by Ryan Toohey, Peter Blanken, two anonymous reviewers, and an Associate Editor. The majority of data used in this analysis are publically available at https://www.aoncadis.org/ and http://www.arcticlakes.org/. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 15 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 12 BP 9379 EP 9401 DI 10.1002/2015WR017362 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DB3OR UT WOS:000368421500001 ER PT J AU Rahimi, M Essaid, HI Wilson, JT AF Rahimi, Mina Essaid, Hedeff I. Wilson, John T. TI The role of dynamic surface water-groundwater exchange on streambed denitrification in a first-order, low-relief agricultural watershed SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TIME-SERIES; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNCONFINED AQUIFERS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; NITRATE REMOVAL; THERMAL REGIME; REACH-SCALE; SLUG TEST AB The role of temporally varying surface water-groundwater (SW-GW) exchange on nitrate removal by streambed denitrification was examined along a reach of Leary Weber Ditch (LWD), Indiana, a small, first-order, low-relief agricultural watershed within the Upper Mississippi River basin, using data collected in 2004 and 2005. Stream stage, GW heads (H), and temperatures (T) were continuously monitored in streambed piezometers and stream bank wells for two transects across LWD accompanied by synoptic measurements of stream stage, H, T, and nitrate (NO3) concentrations along the reach. The H and T data were used to develop and calibrate vertical two-dimensional, models of streambed water flow and heat transport across and along the axis of the stream. Model-estimated SW-GW exchange varied seasonally and in response to high-streamflow events due to dynamic interactions between SW stage and GW H. Comparison of 2004 and 2005 conditions showed that small changes in precipitation amount and intensity, evapotranspiration, and/or nearby GW levels within a low-relief watershed can readily impact SW-GW interactions. The calibrated LWD flow models and observed stream and streambed NO3 concentrations were used to predict temporal variations in streambed NO3 removal in response to dynamic SW-GW exchange. NO3 removal rates underwent slow seasonal changes, but also underwent rapid changes in response to high-flow events. These findings suggest that increased temporal variability of SW-GW exchange in low-order, low-relief watersheds may be a factor contributing their more efficient removal of NO3. C1 [Rahimi, Mina; Essaid, Hedeff I.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wilson, John T.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Essaid, HI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hiessaid@usgs.gov FU USGS NAWQA program; USGS Midwest Region Water Science Center FX We would like to acknowledge support for this work from the USGS NAWQA program and the USGS Midwest Region Water Science Center. We thank Jeannie Barlow, Andrew Binley, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. Model data are available from the corresponding author. NR 120 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 12 BP 9514 EP 9538 DI 10.1002/2014WR016739 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DB3OR UT WOS:000368421500007 ER PT J AU Gangopadhyay, S McCabe, GJ Woodhouse, CA AF Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu McCabe, Gregory J. Woodhouse, Connie A. TI Beyond annual streamflow reconstructions for the Upper Colorado River Basin: A paleo-water-balance approach SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SNOWPACK; DROUGHT; RECORDS; RUNOFF AB In this paper, we present a methodology to use annual tree-ring chronologies and a monthly water balance model to generate annual reconstructions of water balance variables (e.g., potential evapotranspiration (PET), actual evapotranspiration (AET), snow water equivalent (SWE), soil moisture storage (SMS), and runoff (R)). The method involves resampling monthly temperature and precipitation from the instrumental record directed by variability indicated by the paleoclimate record. The generated time series of monthly temperature and precipitation are subsequently used as inputs to a monthly water balance model. The methodology is applied to the Upper Colorado River Basin, and results indicate that the methodology reliably simulates water-year runoff, maximum snow water equivalent, and seasonal soil moisture storage for the instrumental period. As a final application, the methodology is used to produce time series of PET, AET, SWE, SMS, and R for the 1404-1905 period for the Upper Colorado River Basin. C1 [Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Gangopadhyay, S (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM sgangopadhyay@usbr.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), Research and Development Office through Science and Technology Program [X0099] FX The PRISM monthly temperature and precipitation data were obtained from http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/, and the naturalized flow data were obtained from http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/current.html. The Woodhouse et al. [2006] reconstructions of UCRB flow were obtained from http://www.treeflow.info, and the Pederson et al. [2011] reconstructions of UCRB SWE were obtained from https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/pederson2011/pederson2011.html. The instrumental SWE data for the UCRB were obtained from http://ftp.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ftpref/data/snow/snow_course/table/history/ . The individual tree ring chronologies can be obtained from Gangopadhyay et al. [2009], supplementary information], http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008WR007201/suppinfo. The PDSI (Palmer Drought Severity Index) data were obtained from ftp://ftp/ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/cirs/climdiv/. The authors would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their comments which helped to improve the manuscript. In addition, we would like to thank the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), Research and Development Office for providing support for the project West-Wide Drought Assessment Using Paleoclimate and BCSD Climate Projections (X0099) through the Science and Technology Program. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 12 BP 9763 EP 9774 DI 10.1002/2015WR017283 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DB3OR UT WOS:000368421500021 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE Casile, G Haase, KB AF Sanford, Ward E. Casile, Gerolamo Haase, Karl B. TI Dating base flow in streams using dissolved gases and diurnal temperature changes SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESIDENCE TIMES; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; WATER; GROUNDWATER; SEAWATER; SOLUBILITY; TRACERS; AIR; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; EXCHANGE AB A method is presented for using dissolved CFCs or SF6 to estimate the apparent age of stream base flow by indirectly estimating the mean concentration of the tracer in the inflowing groundwater. The mean value is estimated simultaneously with the mean residence times of the gas and water in the stream by sampling the stream for one or both age tracers, along with dissolved nitrogen and argon at a single location over a period of approximately 12-14 h. The data are fitted to an equation representing the temporal in-stream gas exchange as it responds to the diurnal temperature fluctuation. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by collecting and analyzing samples at six different stream locations across parts of northern Virginia, USA. The studied streams drain watersheds with areas of between 2 and 122 km(2) during periods when the diurnal stream temperature ranged between 2 and 5 degrees C. The method has the advantage of estimating the mean groundwater residence time of discharge from the watershed to the stream without the need for the collection of groundwater infiltrating to streambeds or local groundwater sampled from shallow observation wells near the stream. C1 [Sanford, Ward E.; Casile, Gerolamo; Haase, Karl B.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), USGS, Reston, VA USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 12 BP 9790 EP 9803 DI 10.1002/2014WR016796 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DB3OR UT WOS:000368421500023 ER PT J AU Scanlon, BR Zhang, ZZ Reedy, RC Pool, DR Save, H Long, D Chen, JL Wolock, DM Conway, BD Winester, D AF Scanlon, Bridget R. Zhang, Zizhan Reedy, Robert C. Pool, Donald R. Save, Himanshu Long, Di Chen, Jianli Wolock, David M. Conway, Brian D. Winester, Daniel TI Hydrologic implications of GRACE satellite data in the Colorado River Basin SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER DEPLETION; UNITED-STATES; VARIABILITY; DROUGHT AB Use of GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites for assessing global water resources is rapidly expanding. Here we advance application of GRACE satellites by reconstructing long-term total water storage (TWS) changes from ground-based monitoring and modeling data. We applied the approach to the Colorado River Basin which has experienced multiyear intense droughts at decadal intervals. Estimated TWS declined by 94 km(3) during 1986-1990 and by 102 km(3) during 1998-2004, similar to the TWS depletion recorded by GRACE (47 km(3)) during 2010-2013. Our analysis indicates that TWS depletion is dominated by reductions in surface reservoir and soil moisture storage in the upper Colorado basin with additional reductions in groundwater storage in the lower basin. Groundwater storage changes are controlled mostly by natural responses to wet and dry cycles and irrigation pumping outside of Colorado River delivery zones based on ground-based water level and gravity data. Water storage changes are controlled primarily by variable water inputs in response to wet and dry cycles rather than increasing water use. Surface reservoir storage buffers supply variability with current reservoir storage representing similar to 2.5 years of available water use. This study can be used as a template showing how to extend short-term GRACE TWS records and using all available data on storage components of TWS to interpret GRACE data, especially within the context of droughts. C1 [Scanlon, Bridget R.; Zhang, Zizhan; Reedy, Robert C.] Univ Texas Austin, Bureau Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Pool, Donald R.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Save, Himanshu; Chen, Jianli] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Long, Di] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. [Conway, Brian D.] Arizona Dept Water Resources, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Winester, Daniel] Natl Geodet Survey, NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Table Mt Geophys Observ, Boulder, CO USA. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bureau Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM bridget.scanlon@beg.utexas.edu RI Zhang, Zizhan/F-5705-2016; Long, Di/N-8049-2013; Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Zhang, Zizhan/0000-0002-6815-2006; Long, Di/0000-0001-9033-5039; Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 FU Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin FX We acknowledge funding for this study from the Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin. We are very grateful for discussions with Ken Nowak at U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. We acknowledge the following individuals who provided data for this study: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Jesus Hernandez, Timothy Miller, Noe Santos, and Alan Harrison; Bureau of Indian Affairs, Augustine Fisher; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jason Lee; and Arizona Department of Water Resources Central Arizona Project, Ken Seasholes. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 12 BP 9891 EP 9903 DI 10.1002/2015WR018090 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DB3OR UT WOS:000368421500028 ER PT J AU Archfield, SA Clark, M Arheimer, B Hay, LE McMillan, H Kiang, JE Seibert, J Hakala, K Bock, A Wagener, T Farmer, WH Andreassian, V Attinger, S Viglione, A Knight, R Markstrom, S Over, T AF Archfield, Stacey A. Clark, Martyn Arheimer, Berit Hay, Lauren E. McMillan, Hilary Kiang, Julie E. Seibert, Jan Hakala, Kirsti Bock, Andrew Wagener, Thorsten Farmer, William H. Andreassian, Vazken Attinger, Sabine Viglione, Alberto Knight, Rodney Markstrom, Steven Over, Thomas TI Accelerating advances in continental domain hydrologic modeling SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; LAND-SURFACE; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; WATER-BALANCE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ALGORITHM; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; GLOBAL SENSITIVITY; INPUT-DATA; FLEX-TOPO; SCALE AB In the past, hydrologic modeling of surface water resources has mainly focused on simulating the hydrologic cycle at local to regional catchment modeling domains. There now exists a level of maturity among the catchment, global water security, and land surface modeling communities such that these communities are converging toward continental domain hydrologic models. This commentary, written from a catchment hydrology community perspective, provides a review of progress in each community toward this achievement, identifies common challenges the communities face, and details immediate and specific areas in which these communities can mutually benefit one another from the convergence of their research perspectives. Those include: (1) creating new incentives and infrastructure to report and share model inputs, outputs, and parameters in data services and open access, machine-independent formats for model replication or reanalysis; (2) ensuring that hydrologic models have: sufficient complexity to represent the dominant physical processes and adequate representation of anthropogenic impacts on the terrestrial water cycle, a process-based approach to model parameter estimation, and appropriate parameterizations to represent large-scale fluxes and scaling behavior; (3) maintaining a balance between model complexity and data availability as well as uncertainties; and (4) quantifying and communicating significant advancements toward these modeling goals. C1 [Archfield, Stacey A.; Hay, Lauren E.; Farmer, William H.; Markstrom, Steven] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Clark, Martyn] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Hydrometeorol Applicat Program, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Arheimer, Berit] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [McMillan, Hilary] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Auckland, New Zealand. [Kiang, Julie E.; Farmer, William H.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Seibert, Jan; Hakala, Kirsti] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bock, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Wagener, Thorsten] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. [Andreassian, Vazken] Natl Res Inst Sci & Technol Environm & Agr IRSTEA, Grenoble, France. [Attinger, Sabine] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Computat Environm Syst & Monitoring, Leipzig, Germany. [Viglione, Alberto] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Hydrol & Water Resource Management, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Knight, Rodney] US Geol Survey, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, Montgomery, AL USA. [Over, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL USA. RP Archfield, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM sarch@usgs.gov RI Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; Wagener, Thorsten/C-2062-2008; McMillan, Hilary/C-6772-2009; OI Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; Wagener, Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; McMillan, Hilary/0000-0002-9330-9730; Viglione, Alberto/0000-0002-7587-4832; Farmer, William/0000-0002-2865-2196; Arheimer, Berit/0000-0001-8314-0735 NR 115 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 12 BP 10078 EP 10091 DI 10.1002/2015WR017498 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DB3OR UT WOS:000368421500038 ER PT J AU Benson, AM Winker, K AF Benson, Anna-Marie Winker, Kevin TI HIGH-LATITUDE PASSERINE MIGRANTS OVERLAP ENERGETICALLY DEMANDING EVENTS IN AUTUMN SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fattening; migration; molt; passerines; time-energy tradeoffs ID MIGRATORY FAT DEPOSITION; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; TIME CONSTRAINTS; BODY COMPOSITION; CENTRAL ALASKA; LIFE-HISTORY; MOLT; REPRODUCTION; WARBLERS; FEATHERS AB Temporal constraints on migratory birds to molt, store fat, and migrate in autumn are probably most severe in populations breeding at high latitudes. We examined whether high-latitude time constraints were related to the overlap of these energetically demanding events in migratory passerine species. We also examined how much overlap of molt and fattening occurs within individuals. Data were collected on molt intensity and subcutaneous fat during autumn migration from 1992 to 2004 in Fairbanks, Alaska, (64 degrees 50' N 147 degrees 50' W). Among 17 migrant species, we found a negative relationship between length of breeding ground occupancy (number of days between median spring and autumn passage, our measure of time constraints) and the amounts of molt-migration overlap. There was also a positive relationship between molt-fat overlap and distance to wintering range among these 17 species. No individual completely overlapped the peak levels of both molt intensity and fat storage observed within a species, but several individuals approached this theoretical maximum in four species. Molt-fat overlap was highest in an individual Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia) that achieved 70% of the maximum possible overlap of peak fat storage and peak molt intensity for that species. These findings indicate that high-latitude passerines can overlap energetically demanding events during the annual cycle but that there is considerable variation among species in how they juggle time and energy constraints. Our data provide strong support for a conceptual model that passerine migrants breeding at high latitudes use strategies that reduce the time required to complete breeding season activities. In doing so, many of these birds appear to push energetic limits by overlapping molt, migration, and fattening to a degree not previously documented. C1 [Benson, Anna-Marie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum North, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Benson, AM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Rm 216,101 12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM Anna-Marie_Benson@fws.gov FU ABR, Inc. Environmental Research and Services, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, ARCO Alaska; Bureau of Land Management, Exxon Company, USA; Skaggs Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; NSF [DEB-9981915] FX We thank the many volunteers, interns, and staff who made contributions to the data collection process at ABO; N. D. DeWitt, T. H. Pogson, D. Shaw, and S. K. Springer in particular banded thousands of birds here. Members of the Alaska Bird Observatory funded this research together with large contributions from the ABR, Inc. Environmental Research and Services, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, ARCO Alaska, the Bureau of Land Management, Exxon Company, USA, the Skaggs Foundation, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. KW acknowledges support from NSF (DEB-9981915). E. C. Murphy, E. A. Rexstad, and two anonymous reviewers improved earlier drafts with insightful comments. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 127 IS 4 BP 601 EP 614 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB2LL UT WOS:000368340000004 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ Linz, GM AF Twedt, Daniel J. Linz, George M. TI FLIGHT FEATHER MOLT IN YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRDS (XANTHOCEPHALUS XANTHOCEPHALUS) IN NORTH DAKOTA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blackbirds; crops; feathers; Icteridae; molt; North Dakota; Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus; Yellow-headed Blackbird ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; 1ST BASIC PROBLEM; GROWTH AB Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) in central North Dakota undergo prebasic molt or prejuvenile molt during late summer. Nestling Yellow-headed Blackbirds initiate a complete prejuvenile molt, grow their primary and secondary regimes in about 40 days, completing molt after they leave the nest by the first week in August. Remiges are not replaced during the subsequent preformative molt, being retained until the second prebasic molt. Nonlinear (logistic) regression of primary remex growth during definitive prebasic molts of Yellow-headed Blackbirds indicated 38 days were required to complete the linear phase of growth (between 10% and 90% of total primary length). Males added 19.5 mm/d and females added 15.7 mm/d to the total length of all primaries during this linear growth phase; an average of 4-5 mm per primary remex per day. Definitive prebasic molting of primary remiges in males and females was initiated in late June, after nesting and brood rearing were completed. Molts of Yellow-headed Blackbirds were completed by early September, before birds emigrated from North Dakota during mid-September. Because of their comparatively early completion of molt and emigration from the state, as well as their more diverse diet, agricultural depredation caused by Yellow-headed Blackbirds in North Dakota is likely less than that of Red-winged Blackbirds and Common Grackles. C1 [Twedt, Daniel J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Linz, George M.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Memphis, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, South Campus,950 Getwell Rd, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM dtwedt@usgs.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 FU National Wildlife Research Center; USDA-APHIS; Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Colorado State University; North Dakota State University FX We thank B. Osborne and W. Bleier for providing invaluable field and lab assistance. J. Lindlauf, J. L. Cummings, J. E. Davis, and C. E. Knittle provided additional assistance in the lab. S. Bergrud graciously allowed us to place decoy traps on his property. We thank the numerous landowners who granted access to their fields and wetlands which greatly facilitated our study. The assistance of state and federal wildlife agencies was greatly appreciated. W. Bleier, G. Nuechterlein, F. Mallet-Rodrigues, L Moulton, B. Peer, and K. Yasukawa reviewed a draft of this manuscript. The Denver Wildlife Research Center (now National Wildlife Research Center), USDA-APHIS; Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Colorado State University; and North Dakota State University provided financial support. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 127 IS 4 BP 622 EP 629 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB2LL UT WOS:000368340000006 ER PT J AU Braun, CE Tomlinson, RE Wann, GT AF Braun, Clait E. Tomlinson, Roy E. Wann, Gregory T. TI SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF MOURNING DOVE (ZENAIDA MACROURA) BODY MASS AND PRIMARY MOLT SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass; Mourning Dove; primary molt; southeastern Arizona ID WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; PRIMARY FEATHER MOLT; INDEXES; GROWTH; AGE AB Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura) are common throughout much of North America and have been extensively studied. Seasonal changes in body mass are largely unreported and have not been examined in relation to replacement of primary flight feathers. We studied changes in body mass in relation to primary molt of doves captured in southeastern Arizona during 2000 through 2012. Body mass for adult males and females averaged 116.3 g (SE = 0.16) and 109.0 g (SE = 0.18), respectively. The distribution of body mass was similar for all months and was normally distributed. Body mass of adult males was lowest in August and September, and highest in November through January. Body mass of adult females was lowest in June through October and increased from October through March. Changes in body mass of adults generally tracked breeding and nesting activities and to a lesser extent timing of primary feather replacement. Body mass of juvenile doves increased linearly with replacement of juvenal primaries from prior to molt through replacement of P 8-10, while body mass of adult doves decreased from prior to molt through replacement of P 8-10. Adult primary feather replacement started in April and was mostly completed by October with some doves still replacing adult primaries well into December. Primary feather molt of hatch-year doves started in April, depending upon when hatching occurred and was mostly completed by December. The relationship between declines in body mass and progress of primary molt in adults is believed to be due primarily to energetic demands of breeding activities, although primary molt may also have a role. C1 [Braun, Clait E.] Grouse Inc, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. [Tomlinson, Roy E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87193 USA. [Wann, Gregory T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wann, GT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sgwtp66@gmail.com NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 127 IS 4 BP 630 EP 638 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB2LL UT WOS:000368340000007 ER PT J AU Borgmann, KL Conway, CJ AF Borgmann, Kathi L. Conway, Courtney J. TI THE NEST-CONCEALMENT HYPOTHESIS: NEW INSIGHTS FROM A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE comparative analysis; nest concealment; nest predation ID BLACKCAP SYLVIA-ATRICAPILLA; SITE SELECTION; PREDATION RISK; SEXUAL DICHROMATISM; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; HABITAT SELECTION; PASSERINE BIRDS; SONGBIRD NESTS; LIFE-HISTORY AB Selection of a breeding site is critical for many animals, especially for birds whose offspring are stationary during development. Thus, birds are often assumed to prefer concealed nest sites. However, 74% of studies (n = 106) that have evaluated this relationship for open-cup nesting songbirds in North America failed to support the nest-concealment hypothesis. We conducted a comparative analysis to identify factors that contribute to variation in the ability of researchers to find support for the nest-concealment hypothesis. We found that some of the discrepancy among studies can be explained by interspecific differences in morphological and extrinsic factors that affect nest predation. Moreover, methods that investigators used to estimate concealment affected whether studies found support for the nest-concealment hypothesis; 33% of the studies that used quantitative estimates found support for the nest-concealment hypothesis whereas only 10% of the studies that used qualitative estimates found support. The timing of measurements also explained some of the ambiguity; studies that provided little information regarding the timing of their foliage density estimates were less likely to support the nest-concealment hypothesis. Species with more conspicuous male plumage were less likely to support the nest-concealment hypothesis when we analyzed studies that used visual estimates. Whereas species with more conspicuous female plumage were more likely to support the nest-concealment hypothesis when we analyzed studies that used quantitative measures. Our results demonstrate that support for the nest-concealment hypothesis has been equivocal, but that some of the ambiguity can be explained by morphological traits and methods used to measure concealment. C1 [Borgmann, Kathi L.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Borgmann, KL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM klborgmann@gmail.com FU NSF GK-12 BioMe Fellowship at the University of Arizona; Cooper Ornithological Society; American Ornithologists' Union FX This work was supported by NSF GK-12 BioMe Fellowship at the University of Arizona, The Cooper Ornithological Society, and The American Ornithologists' Union. A. Badyaev, K. Decker, A. Macias-Duarte, M. L. Morrison, L. Santisteban, S. Steckler, and R. Steidl provided stimulating conversations and comments that greatly improved the manuscript. N. Seavy assisted with the comparative analysis and D. Granfors and P. Pietz provided nest attentiveness data. M. Conway, K. Decker, C. Kirkpatrick, and N. Seavy scored plumage brightness. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 127 IS 4 BP 646 EP 660 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB2LL UT WOS:000368340000009 ER PT J AU Willey, DW Van Riper, C AF Willey, David W. Van Riper, Charles, III TI ROOST HABITAT OF MEXICAN SPOTTED OWLS (STRIX OCCIDENTALIS LUCIDA) IN THE CANYONLANDS OF UTAH SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican Spotted Owl; rocky canyons; roost habitat; Strix occidentalis lucida; Utah ID ARIZONA; NEST; SELECTION; SITES AB In large portions of their geographic range, Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) roost in forest-dominated environments, but in some areas the owls use relatively arid rocky canyonlands. We measured habitat characteristics at 133 male roosts (n = 20 males) during 1992-95, and 56 female roosts (n = 13 females) during 1994-95 in canyon environments of southern Utah. Across all years, 44% of Mexican Spotted Owls' roosts were located in small stands of mixed-conifer forest, 30% in desert scrub vegetation, 16% in pinyon-juniper woodlands, and 10% of roosts were in riparian habitat. Roost sites were located in canyons composed of cliff-forming geologic formations. The width of canyons measured at roosts averaged 68.6 m (8.2 SE), and ranged from 1-500 m. The mean height of cliffs at roost sites was 77 m (10.9 SE) and ranged from 6-411 m. Roosts were located at caves and ledges (46% of all roosts) or in various tree species (54%). Roost height above ground averaged 9.5 m overall (1.1 SE), with mean tree roost height of 3.7 m (0.2 SE), and cliff roost height equal to 17.2 m (2.2 SE). For both males and females, coniferous trees species were used most frequently (64%), primarily Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), white fir (Abies concolor), and Utah juniper; and 36% of roosts occurred in deciduous trees, including big-tooth maple (Acer grandidentatum), boxelder (A. negundo), and Utah serviceberry (Amelanchier uthaensis). Canopy cover of tress at roosts ranged from 44-71%, mean tree height of trees present was 9.5 m and mean diameter of trees was 25.4 cm. Upland habitats that were not used for roosting were warmer, not as steep, possessed fewer caves and ledges, and trees present were of smaller stature than trees present in roost habitat. C1 [Willey, David W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Willey, DW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM willey@montana.edu FU National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, Inner Mountain Region; U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (Flagstaff, AZ); Utah Division of Wildlife FX This project was funded by the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, Inner Mountain Region; the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (Flagstaff, AZ), and the Utah Division of Wildlife. Special thanks to W. Block (USFS), and F. Howe (UDWR-Utah State University) for strong support throughout the project. We are very grateful to numerous field assistants and local biologists who helped gather roost data for Mexican Spotted Owls. J. P. Ward, R. J. Gutierrez, J. L. Ganey and an anonymous reviewer provided useful comments that helped improve the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 127 IS 4 BP 690 EP 696 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB2LL UT WOS:000368340000013 ER PT J AU Seney, J Madej, MA AF Seney, Joseph Madej, Mary Ann TI Soil carbon storage following road removal and timber harvesting in redwood forests SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon; road removal; redwood; timber harvest; California ID ORGANIC-CARBON; INFILTRATION; CALIFORNIA; RECOVERY; EROSION AB Soil carbon storage plays a key role in the global carbon cycle and is important for sustaining forest productivity. Removal of unpaved forest roads has the potential for increasing carbon storage in soils on forested terrain as treated sites revegetate and soil properties improve on the previously compacted road surfaces. We compared soil organic carbon (SOC) content at several depths on treated roads to SOC in adjacent second-growth forests and old-growth redwood forests in California, determined whether SOC in the upper 50 cm of soil varies with the type of road treatment, and assessed the relative importance of site-scale and landscape-scale variables in predicting SOC accumulation in treated road prisms and second-growth redwood forests. Soils were sampled at 5, 20, and 50 cm depths on roads treated by two methods (decommissioning and full recontouring), and in adjacent second-growth and old-growth forests in north coastal California. Road treatments spanned a period of 32 years, and covered a range of geomorphic and vegetative conditions. SOC decreased with depth at all sites. Treated roads on convex sites exhibited higher SOC than on concave sites, and north aspect sites had higher SOC than south aspect sites. SOC at 5, 20, and 50 cm depths did not differ significantly between decommissioned roads (treated 18-32 years previous) and fully recontoured roads (treated 2-12 years previous). Nevertheless, stepwise multiple regression models project higher SOC developing on fully recontoured roads in the next few decades. The best predictors for SOC on treated roads and in second-growth forest incorporated aspect, vegetation type, soil depth, lithology, distance from the ocean, years since road treatment (for the road model) and years since harvest (for the forest model). The road model explained 48% of the variation in SOC in the upper 50 cm of mineral soils and the forest model, 54%. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Seney, Joseph] Geol Branch, New York, NY USA. [Madej, Mary Ann] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Madej, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 40 IS 15 BP 2084 EP 2092 DI 10.1002/esp.3781 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DA7SM UT WOS:000368004400009 ER PT J AU McMahon, CR New, LF Fairley, EJ Hindell, MA Burton, HR AF McMahon, C. R. New, L. F. Fairley, E. J. Hindell, M. A. Burton, H. R. TI The effects of body size and climate on post-weaning survival of elephant seals at Heard Island SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-specific survival; Bayesian; length; Mirounga leonina; Southern Annular Mode; state-space model ID MIROUNGA-LEONINA; DECLINING POPULATION; MACQUARIE-ISLAND; HOT-IRON; MODELS; TRENDS; CONSERVATION; UNCERTAINTY; KERGUELEN; DYNAMICS AB The population size of southern elephant seals in the southern Indian and Pacific Oceans decreased precipitously between the 1950s and 1990s. To investigate the reasons behind this, we studied the population of southern elephant seals at Heard Island between 1949 and 1954, using data collected by the early Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions. Seals were marked and measured (lengths) as weaned pups, and resighted at Heard and Marion islands and in the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica in subsequent years. Bayesian state-space mark-recapture models were used to determine post-weaning survival. Yearling survival was consistently lower (phi y: 0.28-0.40) than sub-adult survival (phi s: 0.79-0.83). We found evidence for constant sub-adult survival and time-dependent resight probabilities. Weaning length was an important determinate of yearling survival, with the probability of survival increasing with individual length. There was some suggestion that the Southern Annular Mode influenced yearling survival but this evidence was not strong. Nonetheless, our results provide further support showing that size at independence affects yearling survival. Given the known sensitivity of southern elephant seal populations to survival early in life, it is possible that the decline in population size at Heard Island between the 1950s and 1990s like that at Macquarie Island was due to low yearling survival mediated through maternal ability to produce large pups and the dominant environmental conditions mothers experience during pregnancy. C1 [McMahon, C. R.] Sydney Inst Marine Sci, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia. [McMahon, C. R.; Fairley, E. J.; Burton, H. R.] Australian Antarctic Div, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [New, L. F.] US Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA. [New, L. F.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [New, L. F.] Washington State Univ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Hindell, M. A.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP McMahon, CR (reprint author), Sydney Inst Marine Sci, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia. EM clive.mcmahon@utas.edu.au RI McMahon, Clive/D-5713-2013; OI McMahon, Clive/0000-0001-5241-8917; Hindell, Mark/0000-0002-7823-7185 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 EI 1469-7998 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 297 IS 4 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1111/jzo.12279 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DB1OS UT WOS:000368278600007 ER PT J AU Gray, MJ Lewis, JP Nanjappa, P Klocke, B Pasmans, F Martel, A Stephen, C Olea, GP Smith, SA Sacerdote-Velat, A Christman, MR Williams, JM Olson, DH AF Gray, Matthew J. Lewis, James P. Nanjappa, Priya Klocke, Blake Pasmans, Frank Martel, An Stephen, Craig Parra Olea, Gabriela Smith, Scott A. Sacerdote-Velat, Allison Christman, Michelle R. Williams, Jennifer M. Olson, Deanna H. TI Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans: The North American Response and a Call for Action SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID EMERGING DISEASE; AMPHIBIANS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; SALAMANDERS; FORESTS C1 [Gray, Matthew J.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Knoxville, TN USA. [Lewis, James P.; Klocke, Blake] Amphibian Survival Alliance, Austin, TX USA. [Nanjappa, Priya] Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies, Washington, DC USA. [Klocke, Blake] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Pasmans, Frank; Martel, An] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Pathol Bacteriol & Avian Dis, Merelbeke, Belgium. [Stephen, Craig] Canadian Wildlife Hlth Cooperat, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Parra Olea, Gabriela] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Smith, Scott A.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Wye Mills, MD USA. [Sacerdote-Velat, Allison] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Chicago, IL USA. [Christman, Michelle R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Williams, Jennifer M.] Partners Amphibian & Reptile Conservat, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gray, MJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Knoxville, TN USA. EM mgray11@utk.edu RI Pasmans, Frank/D-3667-2014 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 16 U2 42 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7366 EI 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 IS 12 AR e1005251 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005251 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA DB2IZ UT WOS:000368332800006 PM 26662103 ER PT J AU Dodrill, MJ Yackulic, CB Gerig, B Pine, WE Korman, J Finch, C AF Dodrill, M. J. Yackulic, C. B. Gerig, B. Pine, W. E., III Korman, J. Finch, C. TI DO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS TO RESTORE RARE HABITAT BENEFIT NATIVE FISH CONSERVATION? DISTRIBUTION OF JUVENILE NATIVE FISH AMONG SHORELINE HABITATS OF THE COLORADO RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE riverine ecosystems; native species; shoreline habitat use; controlled floods; restoration ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; GRAND-CANYON; HUMPBACK CHUB; ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES; MOVEMENT; DENSITY; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; RECRUITMENT; ABUNDANCE AB Many management actions in aquatic ecosystems are directed at restoring or improving specific habitats to benefit fish populations. In the Grand Canyon reach of the Colorado River, experimental flow operations as part of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program have been designed to restore sandbars and associated backwater habitats. Backwaters can have warmer water temperatures than other habitats, and native fish, including the federally endangered humpback chub Gila cypha, are frequently observed in backwaters, leading to a common perception that this habitat is critical for juvenile native fish conservation. However, it is unknown how fish densities in backwaters compare with that in other habitats or what proportion of juvenile fish populations reside in backwaters. Here, we develop and fit multispecies hierarchical models to estimate habitat-specific abundances and densities of juvenile humpback chub, bluehead sucker Catostomus discobolus, flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis and speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus in a portion of the Colorado River. Densities of all four native fish were greatest in backwater habitats in 2009 and 2010. However, backwaters are rare and ephemeral habitats, so they contain only a small portion of the overall population. For example, the total abundance of juvenile humpback chub in this study was much higher in talus than in backwater habitats. Moreover, when we extrapolated relative densities based on estimates of backwater prevalence directly after a controlled flood, the majority of juvenile humpback chub were still found outside of backwaters. This suggests that the role of controlled floods in influencing native fish population trends may be limited in this section of the Colorado River. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dodrill, M. J.; Yackulic, C. B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dodrill, M. J.; Gerig, B.; Pine, W. E., III; Finch, C.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Korman, J.] Ecometr Res Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Dodrill, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mdodrill@usgs.gov FU US Bureau of Reclamation; University of Florida FX This paper was developed as part of the Nearshore Ecology (NSE) Project with funding support from the US Bureau of Reclamation to the US Geological Survey Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center and the University of Florida. We would like to thank the Navajo Nation Department of Fish and Wildlife, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Humphrey Summit Support and National Park Service for logistical, permission and technical assistance in all areas. We thank J. Hall, J. Pierson, D. Gwinn, N. Bene, M. Yard, T. Gushue, M. Allen and J. Mossa for their conceptual input, technical assistance and reviews of early drafts of this work. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1203 EP 1217 DI 10.1002/rra.2842 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DA7UR UT WOS:000368010500001 ER PT J AU Peterson, JT Shea, CP AF Peterson, J. T. Shea, C. P. TI AN EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN FLOW REGIME COMPONENTS, STREAM CHARACTERISTICS, SPECIES TRAITS, AND META-DEMOGRAPHIC RATES OF WARM-WATER-STREAM FISHES: IMPLICATIONS FOR AQUATIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dynamic occupancy; extinction; colonization; flow regime; Flint River ID COASTAL-PLAIN STREAM; WARMWATER STREAMS; MULTIPLE STATES; RIVERS; ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE; MOVEMENT AB Fishery biologists are increasingly recognizing the importance of considering the dynamic nature of streams when developing streamflow policies. Such approaches require information on how flow regimes influence the physical environment and how those factors, in turn, affect species-specific demographic rates. A more cost-effective alternative could be the use of dynamic occupancy models to predict how species are likely to respond to changes in flow. To appraise the efficacy of this approach, we evaluated relative support for hypothesized effects of seasonal streamflow components, stream channel characteristics, and fish species traits on local extinction, colonization, and recruitment (meta-demographic rates) of stream fishes. We used 4 years of seasonal fish collection data from 23 streams to fit multistate, multiseason occupancy models for 42 fish species in the lower Flint River Basin, Georgia. Modelling results suggested that meta-demographic rates were influenced by streamflows, particularly short-term (10-day) flows. Flow effects on meta-demographic rates also varied with stream size, channel morphology, and fish species traits. Small-bodied species with generalized life-history characteristics were more resilient to flow variability than large-bodied species with specialized life-history characteristics. Using this approach, we simplified the modelling framework, thereby facilitating the development of dynamic, spatially explicit evaluations of the ecological consequences of water resource development activities over broad geographic areas. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Peterson, J. T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Shea, C. P.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shea, C. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Southeast Climate Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jt.peterson@oregonstate.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; US Geological Survey; University of Georgia [A2002-10080-0]; Wildlife Management Institute FX We are indebted to many technicians, volunteers, and graduate students, including N. Banish, B. Bowen, D. Carroll, S. Craven, S. Hawthorne, B. Henry, C. Holliday, D. McPherson, J. McGee, P. O'Rouke, J. Ruiz, and D. Taylor. We also thank A. Wimberly for assisting with obtaining geographic information system maps and figures. Funding and logistical support for this project was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, and US Geological Survey. The manuscript was improved with suggestions from S. Wenger and anonymous reviewers. This study was performed under the auspices of the University of Georgia animal use protocol IACUC# A2002-10080-0. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1227 EP 1241 DI 10.1002/rra.2835 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DA7UR UT WOS:000368010500003 ER PT J AU Diebel, MW Fedora, M Cogswell, S O'Hanley, JR AF Diebel, M. W. Fedora, M. Cogswell, S. O'Hanley, J. R. TI EFFECTS OF ROAD CROSSINGS ON HABITAT CONNECTIVITY FOR STREAM-RESIDENT FISH SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE road crossings; fish passage; stream connectivity; barrier removal; prioritization ID PASSAGE BARRIERS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; TROUT; FRAGMENTATION; REMOVAL; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; CULVERTS; ASSEMBLAGES; IMPACT AB Road crossings can act as barriers to the movement of stream fishes, resulting in habitat fragmentation, reduced population resilience to environmental disturbance and higher risks of extinction. Strategic barrier removal has the potential to improve connectivity in stream networks, but managers lack a consistent framework for determining which projects will most benefit target species. The objective of this study is to develop a method for identifying and prioritizing action on road crossings in order to restore stream network connectivity. We demonstrate the method using a case study from the Pine-Popple watershed in Wisconsin. First, we propose a new metric for quantifying stream connectivity status for stream-resident fish. The metric quantifies the individual and cumulative effects of barriers on reach and watershed level connectivity, while accounting for natural barriers, distance-based dispersal limitations and variation in habitat type and quality. We conducted a comprehensive field survey of road crossings in the watershed to identify barriers and estimate replacement costs. Of the 190 surveyed road crossings, 74% were determined to be barriers to the movement of at least one species or life stage of fish, primarily due to high water velocity, low water depth or outlet drops. The results of the barrier removal prioritization show that initial projects targeted for mitigation create much greater improvements in connectivity per unit cost than later projects. Benefit-cost curves from this type of analysis can be used to evaluate potential projects within and among watersheds and minimize overall expenditures for specified restoration targets. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Diebel, M. W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Fedora, M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ironwood, MI USA. [Cogswell, S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay, WI USA. [O'Hanley, J. R.] Univ Kent, Kent Business Sch, Canterbury, Kent, England. RP Diebel, MW (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM matthew.diebel@wisconsin.gov FU The Nature Conservancy; US Fish & Wildlife Service FX This research was funded by grants from The Nature Conservancy and the US Fish & Wildlife Service, which helped to support M. W. D. The authors appreciate assistance by J. Maxted with the GIS analysis and J. Simonsen, D. Higgins, T. Pearson, M. Steiger and Y. Malca with field surveys. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1251 EP 1261 DI 10.1002/rra.2822 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DA7UR UT WOS:000368010500005 ER PT J AU Wheeler, CA Bettaso, JB Ashton, DT Welsh, HH AF Wheeler, C. A. Bettaso, J. B. Ashton, D. T. Welsh, H. H., Jr. TI EFFECTS OF WATER TEMPERATURE ON BREEDING PHENOLOGY, GROWTH, AND METAMORPHOSIS OF FOOTHILL YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS (RANA BOYLII): A CASE STUDY OF THE REGULATED MAINSTEM AND UNREGULATED TRIBUTARIES OF CALIFORNIA'S TRINITY RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Anuran development; body condition; water thermal regime; stream anuran ID ANURAN METAMORPHOSIS; FOOD LEVEL; GREEN FROG; LARVAL; POPULATION; DENSITY; SYLVATICA; HISTORY; SIZE; RECRUITMENT AB Many riverine organisms are well adapted to seasonally dynamic environments, but extreme changes in flow and thermal regimes can threaten sustainability of their populations in regulated rivers. Altered thermal regimes may limit recruitment to populations by shifting the timing of breeding activities and affecting the growth and development of early life stages. Stream-dwelling anurans such as the foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii) in the Trinity River of northern California are model subjects for examining associations between water temperature and the timing of oviposition, hatching, and metamorphosis, and body condition and size of tadpoles and metamorphs. Breeding activity, hatching success, and metamorphosis occurred later, and metamorphs were smaller and leaner along the regulated and colder mainstem relative to six unregulated tributaries of the Trinity River. Persistently depressed summer water temperatures appear to play a seminal role in inhibited tadpole growth on the regulated mainstem and may be a causative factor in the pronounced decline of this population. Environmental flow assessments should account for the influence of the thermal regime on the development of vulnerable embryonic and larval life stages to improve outcomes for declining amphibian populations. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Wheeler, C. A.; Ashton, D. T.; Welsh, H. H., Jr.] USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Bettaso, J. B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Wheeler, CA (reprint author), USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM cawheeler@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1276 EP 1286 DI 10.1002/rra.2820 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DA7UR UT WOS:000368010500007 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Hollmen, T AF Sethi, Suresh Andrew Hollmen, Tuula TI Conceptual Models for Marine and Freshwater Systems in Alaska: Flexible Tools for Research Planning, Prioritization and Communication SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE baleen whales; Chinook salmon; ecological modeling; herring; strategic planning; systems models ID BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORKS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL MODELS; DECISION-MAKING; SOUTH FLORIDA; MENTAL MODELS; CHALLENGES; CONSERVATION AB Conceptual ecological models synthesize information about complex systems into simplified visual maps and can be used to prioritize system components for research or management attention. In this article, we introduce conceptual modeling methods that incorporate expert ratings about a suite of properties of system components, including assessment of the state of knowledge, the strength of ecological impact, and the state of management or research attention devoted to a given component. Quantitative ratings of the properties of system components are subsequently used to prioritize model components objectively for research or management attention. Two case studies, one on plankton-herring-baleen whale dynamics and one on Chinook salmon strategic research planning, are presented to illustrate techniques. For example, in the Chinook salmon case study, participants constructed a prioritization score that identified system components rated as high ecological impact, but low state of knowledge and low state of management or research attention. By addressing gaps in both knowledge and attention, participants implemented a strategy for research planning that complemented existing Chinook salmon research and management in the study region. The case studies demonstrated that conceptual ecological models could be completed successfully with an economy of time. Conceptual modeling has been implemented across a range of disciplines and provides a useful tool that natural resource management and research groups can use to organize collaborative efforts and communicate research-or management progress to stakeholders or funders. C1 [Sethi, Suresh Andrew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Hollmen, Tuula] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Hollmen, Tuula] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 331, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM suresh_sethi@fws.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council under the Gulf Watch Alaska program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7 Fisheries and Ecological Services division FX We thank participants in the 2012 Gulf Watch Alaska conceptual modeling workshop and the 2013 Kenai Fish and Wildlife Service Field Office Chinook Salmon planning workshop (co-led by J. Anderson, USFWS). S. Ulman (AK SeaLife Center) provided valuable project support. K. Holderied (Kasitsna Bay Labs, NOAA) is thanked for help in the genesis of this project and for contributing ideas to structure the modeling process. Project funding was provided through the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council under the Gulf Watch Alaska program and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7 Fisheries and Ecological Services division. M.A. Harwell, two anonymous reviewers, and Arctic journal staff provided helpful critique that improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 14 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2015 VL 68 IS 4 BP 422 EP 434 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA DA0NN UT WOS:000367494300002 ER PT J AU Hume, JB Meckley, TD Johnson, NS Luhring, TM Siefkes, MJ Wagner, CM AF Hume, John B. Meckley, Trevor D. Johnson, Nicholas S. Luhring, Thomas M. Siefkes, Michael J. Wagner, C. Michael TI Application of a putative alarm cue hastens the arrival of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) at a trapping location SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ADULT PACIFIC LAMPREYS; SPAWNING MIGRATION; GREAT-LAKES; PHEROMONE; RIVER; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; PASSAGE; TRAPS; ODOR AB The sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus is an invasive pest in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin, threatening the persistence of important commercial and recreational fisheries. There is substantial interest in developing effective trapping practices via the application of behavior-modifying semiochemicals (odors). Here we report on the effectiveness of utilizing repellent and attractant odors in a push-pull configuration, commonly employed to tackle invertebrate pests, to improve trapping efficacy at permanent barriers to sea lamprey migration. When a half-stream channel was activated by a naturally derived repellent odor (a putative alarm cue), we found that sea lamprey located a trap entrance significantly faster than when no odor was present as a result of their redistribution within the stream. The presence of a partial sex pheromone, acting as an attractant within the trap, was not found to further decrease the time to when sea lamprey located a trap entrance relative to when the alarm cue alone was applied. Neither the application of alarm cue singly nor alarm cue and partial sex pheromone in combination was found to improve the numbers of sea lamprey captured in the trap versus when no odor was present-likely because nominal capture rate during control trials was unusually high during the study period. Behavioural guidance using these odors has the potential to both improve control of invasive non-native sea lamprey in the Great Lakes as well as improving the efficiency of fish passage devices used in the restoration of threatened lamprey species elsewhere. C1 [Hume, John B.; Meckley, Trevor D.; Luhring, Thomas M.; Wagner, C. Michael] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Siefkes, Michael J.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hume, JB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jhume@msu.edu FU USEPA's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [GL00E01294-0] FX We thank L. Baker, G. Byford, C. Kozel, A. Pomaranke, S. Ripley, and staff at the USFWS for technical assistance in the laboratory and field. Hammond Bay Biological Station generously granted access to their facilities. Synthesized 3kPZS was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, and its purity was confirmed by the laboratory of W. Li at Michigan State University. This manuscript was substantially improved by comments from two anonymous referees. This work was funded by USEPA's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative via contract No. GL00E01294-0. This manuscript is contribution No. 1935 of the Great Lakes Science Center. Mention of trademark names does not infer endorsement by the US Federal Government. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1799 EP 1806 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0535 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA1LF UT WOS:000367556600002 ER PT J AU Goodman, DH Reid, SB Som, NA Poytress, WR AF Goodman, Damon H. Reid, Stewart B. Som, Nicholas A. Poytress, William R. TI The punctuated seaward migration of Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus): environmental cues and implications for streamflow management SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH SMOLTS; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; BILE-ACIDS; FLOW; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR AB We investigated emigration timing of juvenile Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) over a 10-year period in the Sacramento River, California, USA. Emigration was punctuated with 90% of macrophthalmia in daily catches of at least 50 individuals. Macrophthalmia were observed primarily between November and May, with among-year variation in median emigration date over four times that of sympatric anadromous salmon. Our best model associating catch and environmental factors included days from rain event, temperature, and streamflow. We found strong evidence for an association of catch with days from rain events, a surrogate for streamflow, with 93% of emigrants caught during an event and the two subsequent days. Emigration was more likely during nighttime during subdaily sampling after accounting for the effects of factors significantly associated with daily catch. These results emphasize the importance of natural variation in streamflow regimes and provide insight for management practices that would benefit emigrating lampreys, such as synchronizing dam releases with winter and spring storms to reduce migration time, timing diversions to avoid entrainment during emigration windows, and ensuring streamflows are sufficient to reach the ocean, thereby avoiding mass stranding events. C1 [Goodman, Damon H.; Som, Nicholas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Reid, Stewart B.] Western Fishes, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Poytress, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Bluff Fish & Wildlife Off, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. RP Goodman, DH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM damon_goodman@fws.gov NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1817 EP 1828 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0063 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA1LF UT WOS:000367556600004 ER PT J AU Buchinger, TJ Li, WM Johnson, NS AF Buchinger, Tyler J. Li, Weiming Johnson, Nicholas S. TI Behavioral evidence for a role of chemoreception during reproduction in lake trout SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NAMAYCUSH SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; MALE SEA LAMPREY; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS; CHEMOSENSORY CUES; SALMONID FISHES; ARCTIC CHARR; BROOK TROUT; BILE-ACIDS AB Chemoreception is hypothesized to influence spawning site selection, mate search, and synchronization of gamete release in chars (Salvelinus spp.), but behavioral evidence is generally lacking. Here, we provide a survey of the behavioral responses of reproductive male and female lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to natural conspecific chemosensory stimuli. A flow-through laboratory assay with side-by-side artificial spawning reefs was used to evaluate behavioral preferences of spawning-phase males and females for chemosensory stimuli from juveniles and from spawning-phase males and females. Males and females preferred male and juvenile stimuli over no stimuli, but only had weak preferences for female stimuli. Only females had a preference for male over juvenile stimuli when given a direct choice between the two. The unexpected observation of male attraction to male stimuli, even when offered female stimuli, indicates a fundamental difference from the existing models of chemical communication in fishes. We discuss our results from the perspectives of prespawning aggregation, mate evaluation, and spawning synchronization. Identification of specific components of the stimuli will allow confirmation of the function and may have management implications for native and invasive populations of lake trout that are ecologically and economically important. C1 [Buchinger, Tyler J.; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fisheries Commission FX Experimental animals were provided by US Fish and Wildlife Service Sullivan Creek National Fish Hatchery. The authors appreciate comments provided by Skye Fissette, J. Ellen Marsden, Neal Foster, and two anonymous reviewers. Skye Fissette, Carrie Kozel, Elizabeth Racey, and Melissa Pomranke assisted with behavioral assays. Mention and use of trademark products does not constitute endorsement from the US Government. This article is contribution No. 1954 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. The Great Lakes Fisheries Commission provided funding. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1847 EP 1852 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0351 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA1LF UT WOS:000367556600007 ER PT J AU McLean, AR Barber, J Bravener, G Rous, AM McLaughlin, RL AF McLean, Adrienne R. Barber, Jessica Bravener, Gale Rous, Andrew M. McLaughlin, Robert L. TI Understanding low success trapping invasive sea lampreys: an entry-level analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ADULT PACIFIC LAMPREYS; ST-MARYS RIVER; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; PEST-MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; GREAT-LAKES; FISH; MOVEMENT; TEMPERATURE; TRAPS AB Invasive sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes are the target of binational control. Trapping of adults could be used for control if trap success was higher. At a hydro-generating station on the St. Marys River, we tested whether the probability of trap entry is low (0.2-0.3) because (i) lampreys spend insufficient time near traps to find and enter the trap, (ii) high discharge at trap sites makes attractant flow from traps difficult to detect or trap openings difficult to reach, and (iii) conspecifics impede trap entry. Discharge at the site was manipulated nightly, and the behaviour of lampreys at trap openings was video-recorded. Odds of a lamprey reaching a trap opening and entering the trap were 3.4 and 1.6 times higher, respectively, with every second spent at a trap. The probability of reaching a trap was not lower on nights when discharge was high or when conspecifics were present at the trap opening. Improved trap entry will require manipulation of stimuli other than discharge that affect the time spent at traps. C1 [McLean, Adrienne R.; Rous, Andrew M.; McLaughlin, Robert L.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Barber, Jessica] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sea Lamprey Control Barriers & Trapping, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Bravener, Gale] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. RP McLean, AR (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM mcleana@uoguelph.ca FU GLFC's Sea Lamprey Research Program; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Innovation Trust FX We thank B. McClenaghan (University of Guelph) for assistance in the field and lab. We also thank A. McAdam, R. Norris, B. Robinson, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The manipulation of discharge at the Clergue Generating Station was made possible through collaboration between the International Joint Commission, Brookfield Renewable Energy Partners, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). This project was funded by grants from the GLFC's Sea Lamprey Research Program, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and Ontario Innovation Trust. Logistical support in the field was provided by DFO and USFWS. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1876 EP 1885 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0140 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA1LF UT WOS:000367556600010 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Betancourt, JL Feng, S AF McCabe, Gregory J. Betancourt, Julio L. Feng, Song TI Variability in the start, end, and length of frost-free periods across the conterminous United States during the past century SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE daily minimum temperatures; first fall frost; last spring frost; growing season; climate variability; climate change ID GROWING-SEASON; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WARMING HOLE; CLIMATE; SIMULATIONS; 20TH-CENTURY; PATTERNS AB The timing of last spring frost dates (LSFDs), first fall frost dates (FFFDs), and frost-free period lengths (FFPLs) constrains freeze-thaw processes in hydrology, paces the annual life cycles of plants and animals, affects human food production, and influences land-atmosphere interactions, including the water and carbon cycles. Daily minimum temperature data for the conterminous United States (CONUS) from the Global Historical Climatology Network for the 1920-2012 period are used to determine LSFDs, FFFDs, and FFPLs. Analyses of trends and variability in these growing season components indicate a trend towards earlier LSFDs, later FFFDs, and longer FFPLs for most locations in the CONUS. A general change to earlier LSFDs appears to have occurred after about 1983, whereas a change to later FFFDs is most noticeable after about 1993. Comparisons of time series of LSFDs and FFFDs with well-known climate indices indicate only weak correlations for most sites. C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Feng, Song] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 35 IS 15 BP 4673 EP 4680 DI 10.1002/joc.4315 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DA3XE UT WOS:000367733700019 ER PT J AU George, AE Chapman, DC Deters, JE Erwin, SO Hayer, CA AF George, A. E. Chapman, D. C. Deters, J. E. Erwin, S. O. Hayer, C. -A. TI Effects of sediment burial on grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), eggs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY; FISH; CYPRINIDS; BASIN; RIVER AB It is thought that grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) eggs must remain suspended in the water column in order to hatch successfully. Using sand, the effects of varying sediment levels on grass carp eggs were tested at different developmental states and temperatures. Survival was high (15-35%, depending on temperature and trial) in the unburied treatment where eggs rested on a sand bed but were not covered by sediment. Survival was lower in the partial burial (5-10%) and very low (0-4%) in the full burial treatment. In all treatments, delayed hatching (organisms remaining in membranes past the stage of hatching competence) was noted. Deformities such as missing heads and pericardial edema occurred at high rates in the partial and full burials. Eggs that come in contact with the benthos and are resuspended in the water column should be considered in embryonic drift models. C1 [George, A. E.; Chapman, D. C.; Deters, J. E.; Erwin, S. O.; Hayer, C. -A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP George, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM ageorge@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1120 EP 1126 DI 10.1111/jai.12918 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA3GE UT WOS:000367684400023 ER PT J AU Nadeau, CP Conway, CJ Rathbun, N AF Nadeau, Christopher P. Conway, Courtney J. Rathbun, Nathan TI Depth of artificial Burrowing Owl burrows affects thermal suitability and occupancy SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burrow microclimate; nest box depth; nest box temperature; nest microclimate; nest temperature; reproductive success; thermal-neutral zone ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; EGG-VIABILITY HYPOTHESIS; TIT PARUS-CAERULEUS; ATHENE-CUNICULARIA; CLUTCH SIZE; HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SPEOTYTO-CUNICULARIA; INCUBATION BEHAVIOR; BOX ORIENTATION AB Many Organizations have installed artificial burrows to help bolster local Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) populations. However, occupancy probability and reproductive success in artificial burrows varies within and among burrow installations. We evaluated the possibility that depth below ground might explain differences in occupancy probability and reproductive success by affecting the temperature of artificial burrows. We measured burrow temperatures from March to July 2010 in 27 artificial burrows in southern California that were buried 15-76 cm below the surface (measured between the surface and the top of the burrow chamber). Burrow depth was one of several characteristics that affected burrow temperature. Burrow temperature decreased by 0.03 degrees C per cm of soil on top of the burrow. The percentage of time that artificial burrows provided a thermal refuge from above-ground temperature decreased with burrow depth and ranged between 50% and 58% among burrows. The percentage of time that burrow temperature was optimal for incubating females also decreased with burrow depth and ranged between 27% and 100% among burrows. However, the percentage of time that burrow temperature was optimal for unattended eggs increased with burrow depth and ranged between 11% and 95% among burrows. We found no effect of burrow depth on reproductive success across 21 nesting attempts. However, occupancy probability had a non-linear relationship with burrow depth. The shallowest burrows (15 cm) had a moderate probability of being occupied (0.46), burrows between 28 and 40 cm had the highest probability of being occupied (>0.80), and burrows >53 cm had the lowest probability of being occupied (<0.43). Burrowing Owls may prefer burrows at moderate depths because these burrows provide a thermal refuge from above-ground temperatures, and are often cool enough to allow females to leave eggs unattended before the onset of full-time incubation, but not too cool for incubating females that spend most of their time in the burrow during incubation. Our results suggest that depth is an important consideration when installing artificial burrows for Burrowing Owls. However, additional study is needed to determine the possible effects of burrow depth on reproductive success and on possible tradeoffs between the effects of burrow depth on optimal temperature and other factors, such as minimizing the risk of nest predation. C1 [Nadeau, Christopher P.; Rathbun, Nathan] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Nadeau, CP (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Dept, 211 Biol Pharm Bldg, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM christopher.nadeau@uconn.edu FU University of Arizona IACUC [07-023] FX The Sonny Bono-Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge provided field housing. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of University of Arizona IACUC protocol #07-023. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 4 BP 288 EP 297 DI 10.1111/jofo.12119 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DA3AB UT WOS:000367667200002 ER PT J AU Daly, KO Andersen, DE Brininger, WL Cooper, TR AF Daly, Kyle O. Andersen, David E. Brininger, Wayne L. Cooper, Thomas R. TI Radio-transmitters have no impact on survival of pre-fledged American Woodcocks SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE juvenile survival; logistic-exposure; radio telemetry; Scolopax minor; transmitter effect ID DUCKLING SURVIVAL; ALABAMA; BROOD; MAINE; NEST AB AmericanWoodcocks (Scolopax minor) are a high priority species of conservation need across most of their breeding range due to long-term population declines. Survival of juveniles may be key to understanding these population declines, but there have been few direct estimates of juvenile woodcock survival rates, and no recent assessment of the possible effect of radio-tagging on juvenile survival. In 2011 and 2012, we radio-tagged 73 juvenile AmericanWoodcocks in west-central Minnesota and compared survival rates of radio-tagged (N = 58) and non-radio-tagged (N = 82) juveniles during the period from hatching to fledging. We compared survival rates of juveniles with known fates and used logistic-exposure models to assess the potential impact of radio-transmitters on survival. We evaluated variables related to juvenile survival including age, hatch date, maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and year to assess the possible effects of radio-transmitters. The best-supported model of survival rate of juvenile American Woodcocks included the interaction of age and year and a negative effect of precipitation (beta = -0.76, 85% CI: -1.08 to -0.43), but did not include a negative effect of transmitters. Our results suggest that radio-transmitters did not impact survival of juvenile AmericanWoodcocks and that transmitters are a reliable tool for studying survival of juvenile American Woodcocks, and perhaps other precocial shorebirds. C1 [Daly, Kyle O.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Brininger, Wayne L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tamarac Natl Wildlife Refuge, Rochert, MN 56578 USA. [Cooper, Thomas R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Program, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. RP Daly, KO (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wildlife & Sport Fish Restorat Program, 5600 Amer Blvd West, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. EM kyle_daly@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Webless Migratory Game Program through Research Work at the U.S. Geological Survey Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [91]; Woodcock Minnesota; U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory [06258]; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources [17377, 17973] FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Webless Migratory Game Program through Research Work Order No. 91 at the U.S. Geological Survey Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit with additional funding provided by Woodcock Minnesota. Federal and State permits for capture, banding, and radio-marking were granted by the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory (Permit # 06258, W. Brininger), and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (Permit #s 17377 and 17973, W. Brininger). This study was approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee under Protocol #1103A97333. We thank J. Nelson, M. Johnson, D. Page, and J. Lehman for their long hours assisting in capturing, radio marking, and tracking woodcock. We especially are grateful to D. Dustin and E. Johnson for volunteering many hours of running dogs through the woods to find woodcock nests and broods, D. McAuley for his valuable insights on capture methods, and H. Streby, J. Fieberg, and T. Arnold for assistance with analytical techniques. We thank Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge staff for access to refuge lands, and equipment, lodging, and logistical support. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or the University of Minnesota. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The authors of this manuscript report that they have no potential sources of conflict of interest that might be perceived as influencing the authors' objectivity. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 4 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1111/jofo.12117 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DA3AB UT WOS:000367667200008 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ AF Twedt, Daniel J. TI Estimating regional landbird populations from enhanced North American Breeding Bird Surveys SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detection distance; detection probability; East Gulf Coastal Plain; Mississippi; occupancy models; population estimate; removal model; time of detection ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; ABUNDANCE AB Estimating the size of bird populations is central to effective conservation planning and prudent management. I updated estimated regional bird populations for the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi using data from 275 North American Breeding Bird Surveys from 2009 to 2013. However, regional bird populations estimated from count surveys of breeding birds may be biased due to lack of empirical knowledge of the distance at which a species is effectively detected and the probability of detecting a species if it is present. I used data recorded within two distance classes (0-50 m and >50-400 m) and three 1-min time intervals on 130 Breeding Bird Surveys to estimate detection probability and effective detection distance for 77 species. Incorporating these empirical estimates of detection probability and detection distance resulted in estimated regional populations for these species that were markedly greater than regional populations estimated without species-specific estimates of detection parameters. Using the same Breeding Bird Survey data, I also estimated probability of site occupancy for 66 species and extrapolated this to the proportion of area occupied in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi. I combined the area occupied with the reported range of breeding territory size for 54 species to obtain independent estimates of regional bird populations. Although the true population of these species is unknown, estimated populations that incorporated empirical estimates of detection probability and detection distance were more likely to be within the range of independently estimated, occupancy-based, regional population estimates than were population estimates that lacked empirical detection and distance information. C1 [Twedt, Daniel J.] Univ Memphis, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 950 Getwell Rd, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM dtwedt@usgs.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 4 BP 352 EP 368 DI 10.1111/jofo.12118 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DA3AB UT WOS:000367667200009 ER PT J AU Ibanez-Alamo, JD Magrath, RD Oteyza, JC Chalfoun, AD Haff, TM Schmidt, KA Thomson, RL Martin, TE AF Ibanez-Alamo, J. D. Magrath, R. D. Oteyza, J. C. Chalfoun, A. D. Haff, T. M. Schmidt, K. A. Thomson, R. L. Martin, T. E. TI Nest predation research: recent findings and future perspectives SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Ornithological Congress (IOC) CY AUG 18-24, 2014 CL Rikkyo Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Rikkyo Univ DE Animal behavior; Conservation biology; Evolution; Nest predation; Population ecology ID BREEDING HABITAT SELECTION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT RATES; HETEROSPECIFIC ALARM CALLS; AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; SOCIAL INFORMATION USE; CLUTCH-SIZE; PUBLIC INFORMATION; PIED FLYCATCHER; SITE FIDELITY AB Nest predation is a key source of selection for birds that has attracted increasing attention from ornithologists. The inclusion of new concepts applicable to nest predation that stem from social information, eavesdropping or physiology has expanded our knowledge considerably. Recent methodological advancements now allow focus on all three players within nest predation interactions: adults, offspring and predators. Indeed, the study of nest predation now forms a vital part of avian research in several fields, including animal behaviour, population ecology, evolution and conservation biology. However, within nest predation research there are important aspects that require further development, such as the comparison between ecological and evolutionary antipredator responses, and the role of anthropogenic change. We hope this review of recent findings and the presentation of new research avenues will encourage researchers to study this important and interesting selective pressure, and ultimately will help us to better understand the biology of birds. C1 [Ibanez-Alamo, J. D.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. [Ibanez-Alamo, J. D.] CSIC, Estac Biol Donana, Dept Wetland Ecol, Seville 41092, Spain. [Magrath, R. D.; Haff, T. M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Div Evolut Ecol & Genet, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Oteyza, J. C.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Chalfoun, A. D.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Schmidt, K. A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79424 USA. [Thomson, R. L.] Univ Turku, Sect Ecol, Dept Biol, Turku 20014, Finland. [Thomson, R. L.] Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy Fitzpatrick Inst African Ornithol, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Martin, T. E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Ibanez-Alamo, JD (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. EM j.d.ibanez-alamo@rug.nl RI Thomson, Robert/B-9637-2012; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Magrath, Robert/C-9661-2009 OI Thomson, Robert/0000-0002-6958-1259; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; FU Australian Research Council; University of Turku Collegium for Science and Medicine FX We would like to thank the organizers of the 26th International Ornithological Congress (IOC) for hosting our symposium, the seed for this paper. JDIA would like to thank his family for constant support. RDM and TMH would like to thank all who have helped in this work, especially Golo Maurer and Dirk Platzen, and the Australian Research Council for funding. JCO would like to thank the Wildlife Biology program at the University of Montana and the IOU for travel support to attend the IOC. ADC would like to thank the International Programs at the University of Wyoming for travel support to the IOC. RLT would like to thank the University of Turku Collegium for Science and Medicine for the funding to cover travel to the IOC. NR 224 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 12 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 156 SU 1 BP S247 EP S262 DI 10.1007/s10336-015-1207-4 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CZ9ZT UT WOS:000367457200021 ER PT J AU Henley, WF Johnson, NG Ciparis, S Hanlon, SD Heffinger, DG AF Henley, William F. Johnson, Nels G. Ciparis, Serena Hanlon, Shane D. Heffinger, Douglas G. TI EFFECTS OF COAL PARTICLES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENTS ON ORGAN TISSUES OF RAINBOW MUSSELS VILLOSA IRIS (UNIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coal; histology; freshwater mussels; Villosa iris ID MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS L.; APLYSIA-DEPILANS MOLLUSCA; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; DIGESTIVE GLAND; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; EDULIS; CELLS; POLLUTION; RESPONSES; BIOMARKERS AB Two laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of coal particles in aquatic sediments on survival and organ tissues of rainbow mussels Villosa iris (Lea, 1929). First, mussel survival was assessed using treatments comprised of sand substrates with different percentages of pulverized coal, including 0%, 10%, 25%, and 50%. At the end of this 7-wk pilot experiment, there were no significant differences in survival of V. iris among substrate treatments. Second, effects of coal particles in substrate on organ tissues of V. iris, including gills, digestive glands, kidneys, and gonads, were assessed during a 20-wk experiment. Two sand substrates, containing 0% coal (control) and 50% coal (treatment), were tested. Organ tissues of five mussels from each of the treatment and control tanks were collected at 8, 16, and 20 wk. Sublethal alterations in organ tissues of coal-exposed mussels were observed. Fractions of gill filaments without cilia and digestive cells of digestive glands with condensed cytoplasm were significantly greater in coal-exposed mussels compared with those from the control. Females from the coal treatment showed significantly higher fractions of acini containing atretic, resorbing oocytes than the control females. Significantly higher fractions of lipofuscin, an insoluble lipid peroxidation byproduct that can be related to contaminant exposure, in kidney diverticula of the coal-exposed mussels suggested that unidentified contaminants were present in the water. Further study of the effects of these contaminants on freshwater mussels are warranted given the co-occurrence of declining mussel populations and coal mining and processing operations in Appalachian watersheds. C1 [Henley, William F.; Ciparis, Serena] Virginia Tech, Freshwater Mollusk Conservat Ctr, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Johnson, Nels G.] Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hanlon, Shane D.; Heffinger, Douglas G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Southwestern Virginia Field Off, Abingdon 24210, VA USA. RP Henley, WF (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Freshwater Mollusk Conservat Ctr, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM whenley@vt.edu FU Southwestern Virginia Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Abingdon, VA FX The Southwestern Virginia Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Abingdon, VA funded this project, and Roberta Hylton and Brian Evans of that Office provided valuable feedback during the study. Special thanks for the expert reviews and valuable suggestions by Drs. Gregory Cope, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; Susan Ford, Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ; Eric Hallerman, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; Jess Jones, USFWS, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech; Shawn McLaughlin, Marine Disease and Restoration Ecology Branch, Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, NOAA, Oxford, MD; and Roxanna Smolowitz, Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI. Thanks to personnel of the Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Center, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Marion, VA and White Sulfur Springs National Fish Hatchery, White Sulfur Springs, WV, for their efforts in culturing and rearing the mussels used in this study. We also thank Dr. John L. Robertson, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia- Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, for his valuable advice during the study. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1019 EP 1027 DI 10.2983/035.034.0328 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA4BO UT WOS:000367745300028 ER PT J AU Albert, S Fee, D Firstov, P Makhmudov, E Izbekov, P AF Albert, Sarah Fee, David Firstov, Pavel Makhmudov, Evgeniy Izbekov, Pavel TI Infrasound from the 2012-2013 Plosky Tolbachik, Kamchatka fissure eruption SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Infrasound; Monopole; Inversion; Emissions; Tolbachik; Volcano ID SHISHALDIN-VOLCANO; ALASKA; EXPLOSIONS; MODEL AB We use both regional and local infrasound data to investigate the dynamics of the 2012-2013 eruption of Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia during select periods of time. Analysis of regional data recorded at the IMS array IS44 in southern Kamchatka, similar to 384 km from the vent focuses on the eruption onset in November 2012, while analysis of local data focuses on activity in February and August 2013. Signals recorded from Tolbachik suggest a change in eruptive intensity possibly occurred from November 27-30, 2012. Local infrasound data recorded at distances of 100-950 m from the vent are characterized primarily by repeated, transient explosion signals indicative of gas slug bursts. Three methods are employed to pick slug burst events in February and August. The nature of slug bursts makes a monopole acoustic source model particularly fitting, permitting volume outflux and slug radius calculations for individual events. Volume outfluxes and slug radii distributions provide three possible explanations for the eruption style of Tolbachik Volcano from mid-February to late August. Cumulative outflux for slug bursts (i.e. mass of emissions from individual bursts) derived by infrasound for both February and August range from <100 to similar to 3000 kg. These values are greater than infrasound-derived emissions calculated at Pacaya Volcano, but less than those calculated at Mt. Erebus Volcano. From this, we determine slug bursts at Tolbachik Volcano in February and August were larger on average than those at Pacaya Volcano in 2010, but smaller on average than those at Mt. Erebus in 2008. Our overall emissions estimates are in general agreement with estimates from satellite observations. This agreement supports the monopole source inversion as a potential method for estimating mass of emissions from slug burst events. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Albert, Sarah; Fee, David; Izbekov, Pavel] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Firstov, Pavel; Makhmudov, Evgeniy] Kamchatka Branch Geophys Surveys, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Kamchatka, Russia. RP Albert, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM saalbert@alaska.edu FU UAF Geophysical Institute; NSF [EAR 1331084] FX Funding for this research was provided by the UAF Geophysical Institute and NSF EAR 1331084. Field work and assistance was provided by the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) and the Kamchatka Branch Geophysical Surveys (KBGS). It is with sincerest thanks that we acknowledge our colleagues at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), KBGS and IVS. Their efforts were extremely helpful in data collection and interpretation. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 307 SI SI BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.08.019 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DA0NC UT WOS:000367492900007 ER PT J AU Brown, JF Howard, D Wylie, B Frieze, A Ji, L Gacke, C AF Brown, Jesslyn F. Howard, Daniel Wylie, Bruce Frieze, Aaron Ji, Lei Gacke, Carolyn TI Application-Ready Expedited MODIS Data for Operational Land Surface Monitoring of Vegetation Condition SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; MODIS; monitoring; hazard; rapid; satellite; remote sensing; Terra; Aqua; Normalized difference vegetation index; NDVI ID NDVI TIME-SERIES; UNITED-STATES; PRODUCTS; ALASKA; INFORMATION; PHENOLOGY; SYSTEMS; IMPACT; FOREST; COVER AB Monitoring systems benefit from high temporal frequency image data collected from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) system. Because of near-daily global coverage, MODIS data are beneficial to applications that require timely information about vegetation condition related to drought, flooding, or fire danger. Rapid satellite data streams in operational applications have clear benefits for monitoring vegetation, especially when information can be delivered as fast as changing surface conditions. An expedited processing system called eMODIS operated by the U.S. Geological Survey provides rapid MODIS surface reflectance data to operational applications in less than 24 h offering tailored, consistently-processed information products that complement standard MODIS products. We assessed eMODIS quality and consistency by comparing to standard MODIS data. Only land data with known high quality were analyzed in a central U.S. study area. When compared to standard MODIS (MOD/MYD09Q1), the eMODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maintained a strong, significant relationship to standard MODIS NDVI, whether from morning (Terra) or afternoon (Aqua) orbits. The Aqua eMODIS data were more prone to noise than the Terra data, likely due to differences in the internal cloud mask used in MOD/MYD09Q1 or compositing rules. Post-processing temporal smoothing decreased noise in eMODIS data. C1 [Brown, Jesslyn F.; Wylie, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Howard, Daniel; Frieze, Aaron; Gacke, Carolyn] USGS EROS, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ji, Lei] USGS EROS, Arctic Slope Reg Corp Fed InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Brown, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jfbrown@usgs.gov; dhoward@usgs.gov; wylie@usgs.gov; afriesz@usgs.gov; lji@usgs.gov; cgacke@usgs.gov RI Frieze, Alan/B-8140-2017; OI Frieze, Alan/0000-0002-8481-5615; Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998; Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU USGS Land Remote Sensing Program FX We gratefully acknowledge Calli Jenkerson, Gail Schmidt, and Thomas Maiersperger, who were instrumental in the development of the original eMODIS system. In addition, we are also grateful to the EROS Long Term Archive for continuing the operational control of the eMODIS system with funding from the USGS Land Remote Sensing Program. Thanks go to K. Gallo and three anonymous reviewers for providing insightful review comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 12 BP 16226 EP 16240 DI 10.3390/rs71215825 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DA1CN UT WOS:000367534000022 ER PT J AU O'Connell, JL Byrd, KB Kelly, M AF O'Connell, Jessica L. Byrd, Kristin B. Kelly, Maggi TI A Hybrid Model for Mapping Relative Differences in Belowground Biomass and Root: Shoot Ratios Using Spectral Reflectance, Foliar N and Plant Biophysical Data within Coastal Marsh SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE belowground biomass; carbon cycling; coastal tidal freshwater wetlands; eutrophication; Landsat; nitrogen cycling; productivity; root:shoot ratio; remote-sensing; sea level rise ID LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; OPTIMAL PARTITIONING THEORY; NORTH-AMERICAN WETLANDS; SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; CANOPY NITROGEN; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; BELOWGROUND BIOMASS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT AB Broad-scale estimates of belowground biomass are needed to understand wetland resiliency and C and N cycling, but these estimates are difficult to obtain because root:shoot ratios vary considerably both within and between species. We used remotely-sensed estimates of two aboveground plant characteristics, aboveground biomass and % foliar N to explore biomass allocation in low diversity freshwater impounded peatlands (Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, CA, USA). We developed a hybrid modeling approach to relate remotely-sensed estimates of % foliar N (a surrogate for environmental N and plant available nutrients) and aboveground biomass to field-measured belowground biomass for species specific and mixed species models. We estimated up to 90% of variation in foliar N concentration using partial least squares (PLS) regression of full-spectrum field spectrometer reflectance data. Landsat 7 reflectance data explained up to 70% of % foliar N and 67% of aboveground biomass. Spectrally estimated foliar N or aboveground biomass had negative relationships with belowground biomass and root:shoot ratio in both Schoenoplectus acutus and Typha, consistent with a balanced growth model, which suggests plants only allocate growth belowground when additional nutrients are necessary to support shoot development. Hybrid models explained up to 76% of variation in belowground biomass and 86% of variation in root:shoot ratio. Our modeling approach provides a method for developing maps of spatial variation in wetland belowground biomass. C1 [O'Connell, Jessica L.; Kelly, Maggi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [O'Connell, Jessica L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Byrd, Kristin B.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP O'Connell, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jessica.oconnell@okstate.edu; kbyrd@usgs.gov; maggi@berkeley.edu OI Kelly, Nina Maggi/0000-0002-0198-2822 FU K. Byrd's NASA New Investigator Program in Earth Sciences [NNH10A086I] FX This research was supported by K. Byrd's NASA New Investigator Program in Earth Sciences Grant Number: NNH10A086I. We thank Susan Stitt and Carol Mladinich, Don Mulcahy, James Bartolome, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Kyra Engelberg, Caitlyn Chew, Adam McClure and Jenny Palomino for their assistance with equipment, supplies, lab space and field labor. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 12 BP 16480 EP 16503 DI 10.3390/rs71215837 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DA1CN UT WOS:000367534000035 ER PT J AU Qu, FF Lu, Z Poland, M Freymueller, J Zhang, Q Jung, HS AF Qu, Feifei Lu, Zhong Poland, Michael Freymueller, Jeffrey Zhang, Qin Jung, Hyung-Sup TI Post-Eruptive Inflation of Okmok Volcano, Alaska, from InSAR, 2008-2014 SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Okmok; InSAR; multi-temporal InSAR; phase unwrapping; Mogi; geodesy; modeling ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; 1997 ERUPTION; INTERFEROMETRY; ALGORITHM AB Okmok, a similar to 10-km wide caldera that occupies most of the northeastern end of Umnak Island, is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutian arc. The most recent eruption at Okmok during July-August 2008 was by far its largest and most explosive since at least the early 19th century. We investigate post-eruptive magma supply and storage at the volcano during 2008-2014 by analyzing all available synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of Okmok acquired during that time period using the multi-temporal InSAR technique. Data from the C-band Envisat and X-band TerraSAR-X satellites indicate that Okmok started inflating very soon after the end of 2008 eruption at a time-variable rate of 48-130 mm/y, consistent with GPS measurements. The model-assisted phase unwrapping method is applied to improve the phase unwrapping operation for long temporal baseline pairs. The InSAR time-series is used as input for deformation source modeling, which suggests magma accumulating at variable rates in a shallow storage zone at similar to 3.9 km below sea level beneath the summit caldera, consistent with previous studies. The modeled volume accumulation in the six years following the 2008 eruption is similar to 75% of the 1997 eruption volume and similar to 25% of the 2008 eruption volume. C1 [Qu, Feifei; Zhang, Qin] Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian 710054, Peoples R China. [Qu, Feifei; Lu, Zhong] So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Poland, Michael] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Freymueller, Jeffrey] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jung, Hyung-Sup] Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul 02504, South Korea. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM feifei1367912@163.com; zhonglu@smu.edu; mpoland@usgs.gov; jfreymueller@alaska.edu; zhangqinle@263.net.cn; hsjung@uos.ac.kr OI Jung, Hyung-Sup/0000-0003-2335-8438 FU Doctor Postgraduate Technical Project of Chang'an University [2013G5260004]; NASA Earth Surface & Interior Program [NNX14AQ95G]; Shuler-Foscue Endowment at Southern Methodist University; USGS Volcano Hazards Program; Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS); Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [KMIPA2015-3071] FX Feifei Qu is supported by the Doctor Postgraduate Technical Project of Chang'an University (Grant No. 2013G5260004). Zhong Lu is supported by the NASA Earth Surface & Interior Program (grant NNX14AQ95G) and the Shuler-Foscue Endowment at Southern Methodist University. Michael Poland is supported by USGS Volcano Hazards Program. Jeffrey Freymueller is supported by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS) and the NASA Earth Surface & Interior Program (grant NNX14AQ95G). Hyung-Sup Jung is supported by Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program (Grant KMIPA2015-3071). Thanks go to Andy Hooper for the StaMPS software package, which can be freely downloaded from http://homepages.see.leeds.ac.uk/similar to earahoo/stamps/index.html. Constructive comments from three anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor Norman Kerle have improved the manuscript. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 12 BP 16778 EP 16794 DI 10.3390/rs71215839 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DA1CN UT WOS:000367534000049 ER PT J AU Boyd, O Haller, K Luco, N Moschetti, M Mueller, C Petersen, M Rezaeian, S Rubinstein, J AF Boyd, Oliver Haller, Kathleen Luco, Nico Moschetti, Morgan Mueller, Charles Petersen, Mark Rezaeian, Sanaz Rubinstein, Justin TI Seismic Hazard in the Nation's Breadbasket SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID MOTION PREDICTION EQUATIONS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; RIFTED MARGIN; ZONE; EARTHQUAKES; MODELS; FAULT AB The USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps were updated in 2014 and included several important changes for the central United States (CUS). Background seismicity sources were improved using a new moment-magnitude-based catalog; a new adaptive, nearest-neighbor smoothing kernel was implemented; and maximum magnitudes for background sources were updated. Areal source zones developed by the Central and Eastern United States Seismic Source Characterization for Nuclear Facilities project were simplified and adopted. The weighting scheme for ground motion models was updated, giving more weight to models with a faster attenuation with distance compared to the previous maps. Overall, hazard changes (2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, across a range of ground-motion frequencies) were smaller than 10% in most of the CUS relative to the 2008 USGS maps despite new ground motion models and their assigned logic tree weights that reduced the probabilistic ground motions by 5-20%. C1 [Boyd, Oliver; Haller, Kathleen; Luco, Nico; Moschetti, Morgan; Mueller, Charles; Petersen, Mark; Rezaeian, Sanaz] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Rubinstein, Justin] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boyd, O (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP S109 EP S130 DI 10.1193/103114EQS174M PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DA0QG UT WOS:000367501600006 ER PT J AU Frankel, A Chen, R Petersen, M Moschetti, M Sherrod, B AF Frankel, Arthur Chen, Rui Petersen, Mark Moschetti, Morgan Sherrod, Brian TI 2014 Update of the Pacific Northwest Portion of the US National Seismic Hazard Maps SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; PLATE-BOUNDARY EARTHQUAKES; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; RIVER ESTUARY; WASHINGTON; OREGON; TURBIDITES; TSUNAMIS; RUPTURE AB Several aspects of the earthquake characterization were changed for the Pacific Northwest portion of the 2014 update of the national seismic hazard maps, reflecting recent scientific findings. New logic trees were developed for the recurrence parameters of M8-9 earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) and for the eastern edge of their rupture zones. These logic trees reflect recent findings of additional M8 CSZ earthquakes using offshore deposits of turbidity flows and onshore tsunami deposits and subsidence. These M8 earthquakes each rupture a portion of the CSZ and occur in the time periods between M9 earthquakes that have an average recurrence interval of about 500 years. The maximum magnitude was increased for deep intraslab earthquakes. An areal source zone to account for the possibility of deep earthquakes under western Oregon was expanded. The western portion of the Tacoma fault was added to the hazard maps. C1 [Frankel, Arthur; Sherrod, Brian] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chen, Rui] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Petersen, Mark; Moschetti, Morgan] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Frankel, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 11 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP S131 EP S148 DI 10.1193/111314EQS193M PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DA0QG UT WOS:000367501600007 ER PT J AU Haller, KM Moschetti, MP Mueller, CS Rezaeian, S Petersen, MD Zeng, YH AF Haller, Kathleen M. Moschetti, Morgan P. Mueller, Charles S. Rezaeian, Sanaz Petersen, Mark D. Zeng, Yuehua TI Seismic Hazard in the Intermountain West SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID LAS-VEGAS VALLEY; RANGE PROVINCE; LARGE-MAGNITUDE; NORTH-AMERICA; WASATCH FAULT; GROUND MOTION; WALKER LANE; EARTHQUAKES; BASIN; NEVADA AB The 2014 national seismic-hazard model for the conterminous United States incorporates new scientific results and important model adjustments. The current model includes updates to the historical catalog, which is spatially smoothed using both fixed-length and adaptive-length smoothing kernels. Fault-source characterization improved by adding faults, revising rates of activity, and incorporating new results from combined inversions of geologic and geodetic data. The update also includes a new suite of published ground motion models. Changes in probabilistic ground motion are generally less than 10% in most of the Intermountain West compared to the prior assessment, and ground-motion hazard in four Intermountain West cities illustrates the range and magnitude of change in the region. Seismic hazard at reference sites in Boise and Reno increased as much as 10%, whereas hazard in Salt Lake City decreased 5-6%. The largest change was in Las Vegas, where hazard increased 32-35%. C1 [Haller, Kathleen M.; Moschetti, Morgan P.; Mueller, Charles S.; Rezaeian, Sanaz; Petersen, Mark D.; Zeng, Yuehua] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Haller, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The USGS National Seismic Hazard Project thanks the many individuals who volunteer their time to participate and provide feedback in regional and topical workshops and participate in working groups to improve probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for the nation. Finally, special thanks to the responsible editor, John Anderson, and Alan Nelson and three additional anonymous reviewers, whose insight to the goals of this project and suggestions greatly improved this manuscript. The U.S. Geological Survey supports all of the authors' work. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP S149 EP S176 DI 10.1193/103114EQS173M PG 28 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DA0QG UT WOS:000367501600008 ER PT J AU Jaiswal, KS Petersen, MD Rukstales, K Leith, WS AF Jaiswal, Kishor S. Petersen, Mark D. Rukstales, Ken Leith, William S. TI Earthquake Shaking Hazard Estimates and Exposure Changes in the Conterminous United States SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AB A large portion of the population of the United States lives in areas vulnerable to earthquake hazards. This investigation aims to quantify population and infrastructure exposure in places within the conterminous United States that are subjected to varying levels of earthquake ground motions by systematically analyzing the last four cycles of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Models (published in 1996, 2002, 2008 and 2014). Using the 2013 LandScan data, we estimate the number of people who are exposed to potentially damaging ground motions (peak ground accelerations at or above 0.1 g). At least 28 million (similar to 9% of the total population) may experience 0.1 g level of shaking at relatively frequent intervals [annual rate of 1 in 72 years or 50% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 years], 57 million (similar to 18% of the total population) may experience this level of shaking at moderately frequent intervals (annual rate of 1 in 475 years or 10% PE in 50 years), and 143 million (similar to 46% of the total population) may experience such shaking at relatively infrequent intervals (annual rate of 1 in 2,475 years or 2% PE in 50 years). We also show that there are a significant number of critical infrastructure facilities located in high-earthquake-hazard areas (modified Mercalli intensity >= VII with moderately frequent recurrence interval). C1 [Jaiswal, Kishor S.; Petersen, Mark D.; Rukstales, Ken] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Leith, William S.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake & Geol Hazards Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jaiswal, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The population exposure results presented in this manuscript are based on the LandScan (TM) High Resolution Global Population Data Set copyrighted by UT-Battelle, LLC, operator of Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The infrastructure exposure results are based on the HSIP Freedom 2012 database, which is assembled by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in partnership with the Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data Working Group. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP S201 EP S220 DI 10.1193/111814EQS195M PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DA0QG UT WOS:000367501600010 ER PT J AU Jaiswal, KS Bausch, D Chen, R Bouabid, J Seligson, H AF Jaiswal, Kishor S. Bausch, Douglas Chen, Rui Bouabid, Jawhar Seligson, Hope TI Estimating Annualized Earthquake Losses for the Conterminous United States SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AB We make use of the most recent National Seismic Hazard Maps (the years 2008 and 2014 cycles), updated Census data on population, and economic exposure estimates of general building stock to quantify annualized earthquake loss (AEL) for the conterminous United States. The AEL analyses were performed using the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Hazus software, which facilitated a systematic comparison of the influence of the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Maps in terms of annualized loss estimates in different parts of the country. The losses from an individual earthquake could easily exceed many tens of billions of dollars, and the long-term averaged value of losses from all earthquakes within the conterminous United States has been estimated to be a few billion dollars per year. This study estimated nationwide losses to be approximately $4.5 billion per year (in 2012 dollars), roughly 80% of which can be attributed to the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. We document the change in estimated AELs arising solely from the change in the assumed hazard map. The change from the 2008 map to the 2014 map results in a 10% to 20% reduction in AELs for the highly seismic states of the Western United States, whereas the reduction is even more significant for the Central and Eastern United States. C1 [Jaiswal, Kishor S.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bausch, Douglas] Fed Emergency Management Assoc, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chen, Rui] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Bouabid, Jawhar] Atkins, Hillsborough, NJ 08844 USA. [Seligson, Hope] MMI Engn, Huntington Beach, CA 92648 USA. RP Jaiswal, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP S221 EP S243 DI 10.1193/010915EQS005M PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DA0QG UT WOS:000367501600011 ER PT J AU Luco, N Bachman, RE Crouse, CB Harris, JR Hooper, JD Kircher, CA Caldwell, PJ Rukstales, KS AF Luco, Nicolas Bachman, Robert E. Crouse, C. B. Harris, James R. Hooper, John D. Kircher, Charles A. Caldwell, Philip J. Rukstales, Kenneth S. TI Updates to Building-Code Maps for the 2015 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE FORECAST; CONSTANT STRESS DROP; MAGNITUDE; MOTION; LENGTH; AREA AB With the 2014 update of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) as a basis, the Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC) has updated the earthquake ground motion maps in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) Recommended Seismic Provisions for New Buildings and Other Structures, with partial funding from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Anticipated adoption of the updated maps into the American Society of Civil Engineers Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other Structures and the International Building and Residential Codes is under-way. Relative to the ground motions in the prior edition of each of these documents, most of the updated values are within a +/- 20% change. The larger changes are, in most cases, due to the USGS NSHM updates, reasons for which are given in companion publications. In some cases, the larger changes are partly due to a BSSC update of the slope of the fragility curve that is used to calculate the risk-targeted ground motions, and/or the introduction by BSSC of a quantitative definition of "active faults" used to calculate deterministic ground motions. C1 [Luco, Nicolas; Rukstales, Kenneth S.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bachman, Robert E.] RE Bachman Consulting Struct Engineers, Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 USA. [Crouse, C. B.] AECOM, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Harris, James R.] JR Harris & Co, Denver, CO 80203 USA. [Hooper, John D.] Magnusson Klemencic Associates, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Kircher, Charles A.] CA Kircher & Associates, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Caldwell, Philip J.] Schneider Elect, Schneider Elect, SC 29682 USA. RP Luco, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Caldwell, Philip/B-3554-2016 OI Caldwell, Philip/0000-0003-4788-9348 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP S245 EP S271 DI 10.1193/042015EQS058M PG 27 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DA0QG UT WOS:000367501600012 ER PT J AU Moschetti, MP Powers, PM Petersen, MD Boyd, OS Chen, R Field, EH Frankel, AD Haller, KM Harmsen, SC Mueller, CS Wheeler, RL Zeng, YH AF Moschetti, Morgan P. Powers, Peter M. Petersen, Mark D. Boyd, Oliver S. Chen, Rui Field, Edward H. Frankel, Arthur D. Haller, Kathleen M. Harmsen, Stephen C. Mueller, Charles S. Wheeler, Russell L. Zeng, Yuehua TI Seismic Source Characterization for the 2014 Update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; PARAMETERS; MAGNITUDE; INJECTION; ARKANSAS; OKLAHOMA; SEQUENCE AB We present the updated seismic source characterization (SSC) for the 2014 update of the National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for the conterminous United States. Construction of the seismic source models employs the methodology that was developed for the 1996 NSHM but includes new and updated data, data types, source models, and source parameters that reflect the current state of knowledge of earthquake occurrence and state of practice for seismic hazard analyses. We review the SSC parameterization and describe the methods used to estimate earthquake rates, magnitudes, locations, and geometries for all seismic source models, with an emphasis on new source model components. We highlight the effects that two new model components incorporation of slip rates from combined geodetic-geologic inversions and the-incorporation of adaptively smoothed seismicity models-have on probabilistic ground motions, because these sources span multiple regions of the conterminous United States and provide important additional epistemic uncertainty for the 2014 NSHM. C1 [Moschetti, Morgan P.; Powers, Peter M.; Petersen, Mark D.; Boyd, Oliver S.; Field, Edward H.; Haller, Kathleen M.; Harmsen, Stephen C.; Mueller, Charles S.; Wheeler, Russell L.; Zeng, Yuehua] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chen, Rui] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Frankel, Arthur D.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Moschetti, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 85046 MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP S31 EP S57 DI 10.1193/110514EQS183M PG 27 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DA0QG UT WOS:000367501600003 ER PT J AU Mueller, CS Boyd, OS Petersen, MD Moschetti, MP Rezaeian, S Shumway, AM AF Mueller, Charles S. Boyd, Oliver S. Petersen, Mark D. Moschetti, Morgan P. Rezaeian, Sanaz Shumway, Allison M. TI Seismic Hazard in the Eastern United States SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID MOTION PREDICTION EQUATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; EARTHQUAKES; MAGNITUDE; CANADA; QUEBEC; ZONE AB The U.S. Geological Survey seismic hazard maps for the central and eastern United States were updated in 2014. We analyze results and changes for the eastern part of the region. Ratio maps are presented, along with tables of ground motions and deaggregations for selected cities. The Charleston fault model was revised, and a new fault source for Charlevoix was added. Background seismicity sources utilized an updated catalog, revised completeness and recurrence models, and a new adaptive smoothing procedure. Maximum-magnitude models and ground motion models were also updated. Broad, regional hazard reductions of 5%-20% are mostly attributed to new ground motion models with stronger near-source attenuation. The revised Charleston fault geometry redistributes local hazard, and the new Charlevoix source increases hazard in northern New England. Strong increases in mid- to high-frequency hazard at some locations-for example, southern New Hampshire, central Virginia, and eastern Tennessee-are attributed to updated catalogs and/or smoothing. C1 [Mueller, Charles S.; Boyd, Oliver S.; Petersen, Mark D.; Moschetti, Morgan P.; Rezaeian, Sanaz; Shumway, Allison M.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mueller, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP S85 EP S107 DI 10.1193/110414EQS182M PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DA0QG UT WOS:000367501600005 ER PT J AU Petersen, MD Moschetti, MP Powers, PM Mueller, CS Haller, KM Frankel, AD Zeng, YH Rezaeian, S Harmsen, SC Boyd, OS Field, N Chen, R Rukstales, KS Lucco, N Wheeler, RL Williams, RA Olsen, AH AF Petersen, Mark D. Moschetti, Morgan P. Powers, Peter M. Mueller, Charles S. Haller, Kathleen M. Frankel, Arthur D. Zeng, Yuehua Rezaeian, Sanaz Harmsen, Stephen C. Boyd, Oliver S. Field, Ned Chen, Rui Rukstales, Kenneth S. Lucco, Nico Wheeler, Russell L. Williams, Robert A. Olsen, Anna H. TI The 2014 United States National Seismic Hazard Model SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; MOTION PREDICTION EQUATIONS; GROUND-MOTION; LOGIC TREES; NORTH-AMERICA; EARTHQUAKES; WASHINGTON; CALIFORNIA AB New seismic hazard maps have been developed for the conterminous United States using the latest data, models, and methods available for assessing earthquake hazard. The hazard models incorporate new information on earthquake rupture behavior observed in recent earthquakes; fault studies that use both geologic and geodetic strain rate data; earthquake catalogs through 2012 that include new assessments of locations and magnitudes; earthquake adaptive smoothing models that more fully account for the spatial clustering of earthquakes; and 22 ground,motion models, some of which consider more than double the shaking data applied previously. Alternative input models account for larger earthquakes, more complicated ruptures, and more varied ground shaking estimates than assumed in earlier models. The ground motions, for levels applied in building codes, differ from the previous version by less than +/- 10% over 60% of the country, but can differ by +/- 50% in localized areas. The models are incorporated in insurance rates, risk assessments, and as input into the U.S. building code provisions for earthquake ground shaking. C1 [Petersen, Mark D.; Moschetti, Morgan P.; Powers, Peter M.; Mueller, Charles S.; Haller, Kathleen M.; Zeng, Yuehua; Rezaeian, Sanaz; Harmsen, Stephen C.; Boyd, Oliver S.; Field, Ned; Rukstales, Kenneth S.; Lucco, Nico; Wheeler, Russell L.; Williams, Robert A.; Olsen, Anna H.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Frankel, Arthur D.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Chen, Rui] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Petersen, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU USGS; NEHRP FX We wish to thank the hundreds of workshop participants who provided advice and guidance for developing the 2014 version of the maps. In addition, we thank our Steering Committee who reviewed the input models and methods and continually give guidance and direction for the National Seismic Hazard Project (Norm Abrahamson, John Anderson-chair, Kenneth Campbell, Martin Chapman, Michael Hamburger, Bill Lettis, Nilesh Shome, Ray Weldon, and Chris Wills. We thank the reviewers: John Anderson, Jonathan Stewart, Jack Baker, Dan McNamarra Jill McCarthy, and an anonymous reviewer who gave use excellent suggestions to improve the manuscript. We also thank the USGS and NEHRP for their continued funding and support. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 10 U2 20 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP S1 EP S30 DI 10.1193/120814EQS210M PG 30 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DA0QG UT WOS:000367501600002 ER PT J AU Powers, PM Field, EH AF Powers, Peter M. Field, Edward H. TI 2014 Update to the National Seismic Hazard Model in California SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE FORECAST AB The 2014 update to the U. S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model in California introduces a new earthquake rate model and new ground motion models (GMMs) that give rise to numerous changes to seismic hazard throughout the state. The updated earthquake rate model is the third version of the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3), wherein the rates of all ruptures are determined via a self-consistent inverse methodology. This approach accommodates multifault ruptures and reduces the overprediction of moderate earthquake rates exhibited by the previous model (UCERF2). UCERF3 introduces new faults, changes to slip or moment rates on existing faults, and adaptively smoothed gridded seismicity source models, all of which contribute to significant changes in hazard. New GMMs increase ground motion near large strike-slip faults and reduce hazard over dip-slip faults. The addition of very large strike-slip ruptures and decreased reverse fault rupture rates in UCERF3 further enhances these effects. C1 [Powers, Peter M.; Field, Edward H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Powers, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP S177 EP S200 DI 10.1193/110314EQS176M PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DA0QG UT WOS:000367501600009 ER PT J AU Rezaeian, S Petersen, MD Moschetti, MP AF Rezaeian, Sanaz Petersen, Mark D. Moschetti, Morgan P. TI Ground Motion Models Used in the 2014 US National Seismic Hazard Maps SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; SHALLOW CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; RESPONSE SPECTRA; INTERFACE EARTHQUAKES; ATTENUATION RELATIONS; SUBDUCTION-ZONE; NGA MODEL; PGV AB The National Seismic Hazard Maps (NSHMs) are an important component of seismic design regulations in the United States. This paper compares hazard using the new suite of ground motion models (GMMs) relative to hazard using the suite of GMMs applied in the previous version of the maps. The new source characterization models are used for both cases. A previous paper (Rezaeian et al. 2014) discussed the five NGA-West2 GMMs used for shallow crustal earthquakes in the Western United States (WUS), which are also summarized here. Our focus in this paper is on GMMs for earthquakes in stable continental regions in the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS), as well as subduction interface and deep intraslab earthquakes. We consider building code hazard levels for peak ground acceleration (PGA), 0.2-s, and 1.0-s spectral accelerations (SAs) on uniform firm-rock site conditions. The GMM modifications in the updated version of the maps created changes in hazard within 5% to 20% in WUS; decreases within 5% to 20% in CEUS; changes within 5% to 15% for subduction interface earthquakes; and changes involving decreases of up to 50% and increases of up to 30% for deep intraslab earthquakes for most U.S. sites. These modifications were combined with changes resulting from modifications in the source characterization models to obtain the new hazard maps. C1 [Rezaeian, Sanaz; Petersen, Mark D.; Moschetti, Morgan P.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rezaeian, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM srezaeian@usgs.gov FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) FX This study was sponsored by National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) funding. We thank Dr. Gail Atkinson and Dr. Charles Mueller for reviewing this manuscript and providing valuable feedback. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 6 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP S59 EP S84 DI 10.1193/111714EQS194M PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DA0QG UT WOS:000367501600004 ER PT J AU Miller, JED Damschen, EI Harrison, SP Grace, JB AF Miller, Jesse E. D. Damschen, Ellen I. Harrison, Susan P. Grace, James B. TI Landscape structure affects specialists but not generalists in naturally fragmented grasslands SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE connectivity; dolomite grasslands; endemics; fire adaptation; fragmentation; glades; Ozarks; Missouri; USA; patch quality; plant diversity; structural equation modeling ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MISSOURI OZARKS; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; FORESTS; AREA; HETEROGENEITY AB Understanding how biotic communities respond to landscape spatial structure is critically important for conservation management as natural habitats become increasingly fragmented. However, empirical studies of the effects of spatial structure on plant species richness have found inconsistent results, suggesting that more comprehensive approaches are needed. We asked how landscape structure affects total plant species richness and the richness of a guild of specialized plants in a multivariate context. We sampled herbaceous plant communities at 56 dolomite glades (insular, fire-adapted grasslands) across the Missouri Ozarks, USA, and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the relative importance of landscape structure, soil resource availability, and fire history for plant communities. We found that landscape spatial structure, defined as the area-weighted proximity of glade habitat surrounding study sites (proximity index), had a significant effect on total plant species richness, but only after we controlled for environmental covariates. Richness of specialist species, but not generalists, was positively related to landscape spatial structure. Our results highlight that local environmental filters must be considered to understand the influence of landscape structure on communities and that unique species guilds may respond differently to landscape structure than the community as a whole. These findings suggest that both local environment and landscape context should be considered when developing management strategies for species of conservation concern in fragmented habitats. C1 [Miller, Jesse E. D.; Damschen, Ellen I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Harrison, Susan P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Miller, JED (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kawriver@gmail.com FU USGS Ecosystems and Climate & Land Use Programs; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0947432]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [2012149884] FX We are grateful to everyone who provided assistance with various aspects of this project, including site selection, the assembly of fire records, and hospitality during field trips, all of whom are too numerous to list here. In addition, we wish to thank our many excellent field assistants, as well as Bull Shoals Field Station, the Missouri Botanical Garden, Paul Nelson (for providing glade maps), and Justin Thomas (for providing plant identification assistance). Amy Alstad, Shannon Grover, Phil Hahn, Monica Turner, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. Support for J. B. Grace was provided by the USGS Ecosystems and Climate & Land Use Programs. This material is based upon work supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB-0947432 and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 2012149884. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 50 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 12 BP 3323 EP 3331 DI 10.1890/15-0245.1 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ7OE UT WOS:000367287900019 PM 26909437 ER PT J AU Beerens, JM Frederick, PC Noonburg, EG Gawlik, DE AF Beerens, James M. Frederick, Peter C. Noonburg, Erik G. Gawlik, Dale E. TI Determining habitat quality for species that demonstrate dynamic habitat selection SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Environmental gradients; habitat quality; habitat selection; hydrology; prey availability; restoration; species distribution model; wading birds ID IBISES EUDOCIMUS-ALBUS; RESOURCE SELECTION; WHITE IBISES; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; PREY AVAILABILITY; WADING BIRDS; TRADE-OFFS; WETLAND; MODELS AB Determining habitat quality for wildlife populations requires relating a species' habitat to its survival and reproduction. Within a season, species occurrence and density can be disconnected from measures of habitat quality when resources are highly seasonal, unpredictable over time, and patchy. Here we establish an explicit link among dynamic selection of changing resources, spatio-temporal species distributions, and fitness for predictive abundance and occurrence models that are used for short-term water management and long-term restoration planning. We used the wading bird distribution and evaluation models (WADEM) that estimate (1) daily changes in selection across resource gradients, (2) landscape abundance of flocks and individuals, (3) conspecific foraging aggregation, and (4) resource unit occurrence (at fixed 400m cells) to quantify habitat quality and its consequences on reproduction for wetland indicator species. We linked maximum annual numbers of nests detected across the study area and nesting success of Great Egrets (Ardea alba), White Ibises (Eudocimus albus), and Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) over a 20-year period to estimated daily dynamics of food resources produced by WADEM over a 7490km(2) area. For all species, increases in predicted species abundance in March and high abundance in April were strongly linked to breeding responses. Great Egret nesting effort and success were higher when birds also showed greater conspecific foraging aggregation. Synthesis and applications: This study provides the first empirical evidence that dynamic habitat selection processes and distributions of wading birds over environmental gradients are linked with reproductive measures over periods of decades. Further, predictor variables at a variety of temporal (daily-multiannual) resolutions and spatial (400m to regional) scales effectively explained variation in ecological processes that change habitat quality. The process used here allows managers to develop short- and long-term conservation strategies that (1) consider flexible behavioral patterns and (2) are robust to environmental variation over time. C1 [Beerens, James M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Frederick, Peter C.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Noonburg, Erik G.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Davie, FL USA. [Gawlik, Dale E.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Beerens, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM jbeerens@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [W912HZ-10-2-0024]; Florida Atlantic University; Everglades Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (grant/award number: 'W912HZ-10-2-0024') and received additional support from Florida Atlantic University, the Everglades Foundation, and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 IS 23 BP 5685 EP 5697 DI 10.1002/ece3.1813 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CZ9QV UT WOS:000367433000022 PM 27069617 ER PT J AU DuFour, MR May, CJ Roseman, EF Ludsin, SA Vandergoot, CS Pritt, JJ Fraker, ME Davis, JJ Tyson, JT Miner, JG Marschall, EA Mayer, CM AF DuFour, Mark R. May, Cassandra J. Roseman, Edward F. Ludsin, Stuart A. Vandergoot, Christopher S. Pritt, Jeremy J. Fraker, Michael E. Davis, Jeremiah J. Tyson, Jeffery T. Miner, Jeffery G. Marschall, Elizabeth A. Mayer, Christine M. TI Portfolio theory as a management tool to guide conservation and restoration of multi-stock fish populations SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE early life stages; ecosystem-based fisheries management; Great Lakes; Lake Erie; population demographics; Sander vitreus; stock discrimination; walleye ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; WALLEYE SANDER-VITREUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; SPAWNING HABITAT; LARVAL WALLEYE; ST-CLAIR; SPATIAL VARIATION; ICELANDIC WATERS; EGG DEPOSITION AB Habitat degradation and harvest have upset the natural buffering mechanism (i.e., portfolio effects) of many large-scale multi-stock fisheries by reducing spawning stock diversity that is vital for generating population stability and resilience. The application of portfolio theory offers a means to guide management activities by quantifying the importance of multi-stock dynamics and suggesting conservation and restoration strategies to improve naturally occurring portfolio effects. Our application of portfolio theory to Lake Erie Sander vitreus (walleye), a large population that is supported by riverine and open-lake reef spawning stocks, has shown that portfolio effects generated by annual inter-stock larval fish production are currently suboptimal when compared to potential buffering capacity. Reduced production from riverine stocks has resulted in a single open-lake reef stock dominating larval production, and in turn, high inter-annual recruitment variability during recent years. Our analyses have shown (1) a weak average correlation between annual river and reef larval production ((rho) over bar = 0.24), suggesting that a natural buffering capacity exists in the population, and (2) expanded annual production of larvae (potential recruits) from riverine stocks could stabilize the fishery by dampening inter-annual recruitment variation. Ultimately, our results demonstrate how portfolio theory can be used to quantify the importance of spawning stock diversity and guide management on ecologically relevant scales (i.e., spawning stocks) leading to greater stability and resilience of multi-stock populations and fisheries. C1 [DuFour, Mark R.; Pritt, Jeremy J.; Mayer, Christine M.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Lake Erie Ctr, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [May, Cassandra J.; Ludsin, Stuart A.; Fraker, Michael E.; Marschall, Elizabeth A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Roseman, Edward F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Vandergoot, Christopher S.; Tyson, Jeffery T.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Unit, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Davis, Jeremiah J.; Miner, Jeffery G.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP DuFour, MR (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Lake Erie Ctr, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM mark.dufour@rockets.utoledo.edu OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA090AR4170182]; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program [F-69-P]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [FADR67, FADR68, FADR70]; ODNR-DOW [FADR67, FADR68, FADR70]; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project Template 70 "Developing Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor"; USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX The authors would like to thank the many involved in the collection and processing of larval fish and egg samples including: Cory Becher, Senaka Goonewardena, Jason Gostiaux, Elizabeth Hoskins, Mike Kulasa, Mike Kuebbeler, Robert Mapes, Chelsea Schmidt, Eric Weimer, and Aaron Wibberley. This research was funded in part by (1) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (grant number NA090AR4170182), (2) the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program (F-69-P, Fish Management in Ohio), administered jointly by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the ODNR-DOW (projects FADR67, FADR68, and FADR70), and (3) the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project Template 70 "Developing Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor" and the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. This is contribution number 1968 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 2015-15 of the University of Toledo's Lake Erie Center. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 12 AR 296 DI 10.1890/ES15-00237.1 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ7WS UT WOS:000367311800049 ER PT J AU Erickson, RA Eager, EA Stanton, JC Beston, JA Diffendorfer, JE Thogmartin, WE AF Erickson, Richard A. Eager, Eric A. Stanton, Jessica C. Beston, Julie A. Diffendorfer, Jay E. Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI Assessing local population vulnerability with branching process models: an application to wind energy development SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE endangered species assessment; population assessment; wind turbine mortality ID ENDANGERED INDIANA BAT; RANGING DOMESTIC CATS; WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; AVIAN MORTALITY; BIRD; IMPACT; PREDICTIONS; HYPOTHESES; FATALITIES AB Quantifying the impact of anthropogenic development on local populations is important for conservation biology and wildlife management. However, these local populations are often subject to demographic stochasticity because of their small population size. Traditional modeling efforts such as population projection matrices do not consider this source of variation whereas individual-based models, which include demographic stochasticity, are computationally intense and lack analytical tractability. One compromise between approaches is branching process models because they accommodate demographic stochasticity and are easily calculated. These models are known within some sub-fields of probability and mathematical ecology but are not often applied in conservation biology and applied ecology. We applied branching process models to quantitatively compare and prioritize species locally vulnerable to the development of wind energy facilities. Specifically, we examined species vulnerability using branching process models for four representative species: A cave bat (a long-lived, low fecundity species), a tree bat (short-lived, moderate fecundity species), a grassland songbird (a short-lived, high fecundity species), and an eagle (a long-lived, slow maturation species). Wind turbine-induced mortality has been observed for all of these species types, raising conservation concerns. We simulated different mortality rates from wind farms while calculating local extinction probabilities. The longer-lived species types (e.g., cave bats and eagles) had much more pronounced transitions from low extinction risk to high extinction risk than short-lived species types (e.g., tree bats and grassland songbirds). High-offspring-producing species types had a much greater variability in baseline risk of extinction than the lower-offspring-producing species types. Long-lived species types may appear stable until a critical level of incidental mortality occurs. After this threshold, the risk of extirpation for a local population may rapidly increase with only minimal increases in wind mortality. Conservation biologists and wildlife managers may need to consider this mortality pattern when issuing take permits and developing monitoring protocols for wind facilities. We also describe how our branching process models may be generalized across a wider range of species for a larger assessment project and then describe how our methods may be applied to other stressors in addition to wind. C1 [Erickson, Richard A.; Stanton, Jessica C.; Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Eager, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Beston, Julie A.; Diffendorfer, Jay E.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Erickson, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM rerickson@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948; Erickson, Richard/0000-0003-4649-482X FU National Science Foundation [DBI-1300426]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville FX We thank B. R. Gray and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was assisted through participation in the Predictive Models for ERA Investigative Workshop and Stochastic Modeling in Biology Tutorial at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, sponsored by the National Science Foundation through NSF Award #DBI-1300426, with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 45 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 12 AR 254 DI 10.1890/ES15-00103.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ7WS UT WOS:000367311800007 ER PT J AU Senecal, AC Walters, AW Hubert, WA AF Senecal, Anna C. Walters, Annika W. Hubert, Wayne A. TI Historical data reveal fish assemblage shifts in an unregulated prairie river SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE fish community shifts; Great Plains; Macrhybopsis gelida; native invaders; Notropis stramineus; pelagic spawning; prairie fish ID GREAT-PLAINS; FRESH-WATER; NORTH-AMERICA; CANADIAN RIVER; STREAM; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION; CHALLENGES; CYPRINIDS; FECUNDITY AB Wyoming's Powder River is considered an example of a pristine prairie river system. While the river hosts a largely native fish assemblage and remains unimpounded over its 1,146-km course to the Yellowstone River confluence, the hydrologic regime has been altered through water diversion for agriculture and natural gas extraction and there has been limited study of fish assemblage structure. We analyzed fish data collected from the mainstem Powder River in Wyoming between 1896 and 2008. Shifts in presence/absence and relative abundance of fish species, as well as fish assemblage composition, were assessed among historical and recent samples. The recent Powder River fish assemblage was characterized by increased relative abundances of sand shiner Notropis stramineus and plains killifish Fundulus zebrinus, and decreases in sturgeon chub Macrhybopsis gelida. Shifts in fish species relative abundance are linked to their reproductive ecology with species with adhesive eggs generally increasing in relative abundance while those with buoyant drifting eggs are decreasing. Assemblage shifts could be the result of landscape level changes, such as the loss of extreme high and low flow events and changing land use practices. C1 [Senecal, Anna C.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Walters, Annika W.; Hubert, Wayne A.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Senecal, AC (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, 420 N Cache St, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM anna.senecal@wyo.gov NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 12 AR 287 DI 10.1890/ES14-00361.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ7WS UT WOS:000367311800040 ER PT J AU Smith, WE Kwak, TJ AF Smith, William E. Kwak, Thomas J. TI Tropical insular fish assemblages are resilient to flood disturbance SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Agonostomus monticola; amphidromous fishes; assemblage; Caribbean island; community; disturbance; Eleotris perniger; flooding; Gobiomorus dormitor; Sicydium; stochastic processes; tropical stream fishes ID REGULATED CALIFORNIA STREAM; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PUERTO-RICO; REGIMES; STOCHASTICITY; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS AB Periods of stable environmental conditions, favoring development of ecological communities regulated by density-dependent processes, are interrupted by random periods of disturbance that may restructure communities. Disturbance may affect populations via habitat alteration, mortality, or displacement. We quantified fish habitat conditions, density, and movement before and after a major flood disturbance in a Caribbean island tropical river using habitat surveys, fish sampling and population estimates, radio telemetry, and passively monitored PIT tags. Native stream fish populations showed evidence of acute mortality and downstream displacement of surviving fish. All fish species were reduced in number at most life stages after the disturbance, but populations responded with recruitment and migration into vacated upstream habitats. Changes in density were uneven among size classes for most species, indicating altered size structures. Rapid recovery processes at the population level appeared to dampen effects at the assemblage level, as fish assemblage parameters (species richness and diversity) were unchanged by the flooding. The native fish assemblage appeared resilient to flood disturbance, rapidly compensating for mortality and displacement with increased recruitment and recolonization of upstream habitats. C1 [Smith, William E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Smith, WE (reprint author), North Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Div Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM wes2316@gmail.com FU Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Funds [F-50] FX This research was funded by grants from the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Funds (Project F-50). Jose Berrios Diaz, Miguel Garcia Bermudez, Craig Lilyestrom, Patrick Cooney, Wendy Moore, Brennan Dooley, Phillip Epperly, and Steve Williams assisted with administration, logistics, and field work. This work benefitted from comments and manuscript reviews by James Gilliam, Kevin Gross, Ernie Hain, Joseph Hightower, Craig Lilyestrom, and three anonymous reviewers. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 12 AR 279 DI 10.1890/ES15-00224.1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ7WS UT WOS:000367311800032 ER PT J AU Lepori, F Roberts, JJ AF Lepori, Fabio Roberts, James J. TI Past and future warming of a deep European lake (Lake Lugano): What are the climatic drivers? SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alpine lakes; Climate change; Climatic oscillations; Deep lakes; Temperature ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SURFACE-WATER TEMPERATURES; WARMER CLIMATE; EUTROPHICATION; CYANOBACTERIA; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS; PERIOD AB We used four decades (1972-2013) of temperature data from Lake Lugano, Switzerland and Italy, to address the hypotheses that: [i] the lake has been warming; [ii] part of the warming reflects global trends and is independent from climatic oscillations and [iii] the lake will continue to warm until the end of the 21st century. During the time spanned by our data, the surface waters of the lake (0-5 m) warmed at rates of 0.2-0.9 degrees C per decade, depending on season. The temperature of the deep waters (50-m bottom) displayed a rising trend in a meromictic basin of the lake and a sawtooth pattern in the other basin, which is holomictic. Long-term variation in surface-water temperature correlated to global warming and multidecadal variation in two climatic oscillations, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the East Atlantic Pattern (EA). However, we did not detect an influence of the EA on the lake's temperature (as separate from the effect of global warming). Moreover, the effect of the AMO, estimated to a maximum of + 1 degrees C, was not sufficient to explain the observed temperature increase (+ 2-3 degrees C in summer). Based on regional climate projections, we predicted that the lake will continue to warm at least until the end of the 21st century. Our results strongly suggest that the warming of Lake Lugano is tied to global climate change. To sustain current ecosystem conditions in Lake Lugano, we suggest that management plans that curtail eutrophication and (or) mitigation of global warming be pursued. (C) 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lepori, Fabio] Univ Appl Sci & Arts Southern Switzerland, Inst Earth Sci, CH-6952 Canobbio, Switzerland. [Roberts, James J.] USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lepori, F (reprint author), Inst Earth Sci, Campus Trevano, CH-6952 Canobbio, Switzerland. EM fabio.lepori@supsi.ch NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 41 IS 4 BP 973 EP 981 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.08.004 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CZ8OU UT WOS:000367359800004 ER PT J AU Riley, SC Tucker, TR Adams, JV Fogarty, LR Lafrancois, BM AF Riley, Stephen C. Tucker, Taaja R. Adams, Jean V. Fogarty, Lisa R. Lafrancois, Brenda Moraska TI Factors associated with the deposition of Cladophora on Lake Michigan beaches in 2012 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cladophora; Nuisance algae; Beach fouling; Hydrodynamics ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; NEARSHORE PHOSPHORUS SHUNT; BOOSTED REGRESSION TREES; DRIFTING ALGAL MATS; BALTIC SEA; MACROALGAL BLOOMS; BENTHIC ALGAE; WATER-QUALITY; GLOMERATA; VARIABILITY AB Deposition of the macroalgae Cladophora spp. was monitored on 18 beaches around Lake Michigan during 2012 at a high temporal frequency. We observed a high degree of spatial variability in Cladophora deposition among beaches on Lake Michigan, even within local regions, with no clear regional pattern in the intensity of Cladophora deposition. A strong seasonal pattern in Cladophora deposition was observed, with the heaviest deposition occurring during mid-summer. Several beaches exhibited high temporal variability in Cladophora deposition over short time scales, suggesting that drifting algal mats may be extremely dynamic in nearshore environments of the Great Lakes. Cladophora deposition on Lake Michigan beaches was primarily related to the presence of nearshore structures, local population density, and nearshore bathymetry. There was relatively little evidence that waves, winds, or currents were associated with Cladophora deposition on beaches, but this may be due to the relatively poor resolution of existing nearshore hydrodynamic data. Developing a predictive understanding of beach-cast Cladophora dynamics in Great Lakes environments may require both intensive Cladophora monitoring and fine-scale local hydrodynamic modeling efforts. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Riley, Stephen C.; Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Tucker, Taaja R.] CSS Dynamac, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Fogarty, Lisa R.] US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Lafrancois, Brenda Moraska] Natl Pk Serv, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Riley, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM sriley@usgs.gov OI Tucker, Taaja/0000-0003-1534-4677 FU EPA Great Lakes National Program Office [DW-14-95775801-5] FX This work was funded by the EPA Great Lakes National Program Office under Interagency Grant DW-14-95775801-5 to the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. We thank P. Wigren, T. Stacy, N. Lafave, K. Mack, E. Kobernik, K. Rose, K. Sigman, T. Dubridge, and C. Emenhiser for data collection. The use of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This is Contribution 1966 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1094 EP 1105 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.008 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CZ8OU UT WOS:000367359800014 ER PT J AU Rennie, MD Weidel, BC Claramunt, RM Dunlop, ES AF Rennie, Michael D. Weidel, Brian C. Claramunt, Randall M. Dunlop, Erin S. TI Changes in depth occupied by Great Lakes lake whitefish populations and the influence of survey design SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dreissena polymorpha; Dreissena rostriformis bugensis; Depth of capture; Segmented regression; Laurentian Great Lakes; Coregonidae ID AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA-SPP.; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS; BOREAL SHIELD LAKES; LONG-TERM TRENDS; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; ECOSYSTEM CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL STRATIFICATION; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ENERGY ACQUISITION AB Understanding fish habitat use is important in determining conditions that ultimately affect fish energetics, growth and reproduction. Great Lakes lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) have demonstrated dramatic changes in growth and life history traits since the appearance of dreissenid mussels in the Great Lakes, but the role of habitat occupancy in driving these changes is poorly understood. To better understand temporal changes in lake whitefish depth of capture (D-w), we compiled a database of fishery-independent surveys representing multiple populations across all five Laurentian Great Lakes. By demonstrating the importance of survey design in estimating D, we describe a novel method for detecting survey-based bias in D-w and removing potentially biased data. Using unbiased D-w estimates, we show clear differences in the pattern and timing of changes in lake whitefish D-w between our reference sites (Lake Superior) and those that have experienced significant benthic food web changes (lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario). Lake whitefish D-w in Lake Superior tended to gradually shift to shallower waters, but changed rapidly in other locations coincident with dreissenid establishment and declines in Diporeia densities. Almost all lake whitefish populations that were exposed to dreissenids demonstrated deeper D-w following benthic food web change, though a subset of these populations subsequently shifted to more shallow depths. In some cases in lakes Huron and Ontario, shifts towards more shallow D-w are occurring well after documented Diporeia collapse, suggesting the role of other drivers such as habitat availability or reliance on alternative prey sources. (C) 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rennie, Michael D.] Lakehead Univ, Dept Biol, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Rennie, Michael D.] IISD Expt Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Claramunt, Randall M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. [Dunlop, Erin S.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Aquat Res & Monitoring Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Dunlop, Erin S.] Trent Univ, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Rennie, MD (reprint author), Lakehead Univ, Dept Biol, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. EM mrennie@lakeheadu.ca FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We thank the following people for supplying data from their respective organizations for analysis: James Markham, New York Department of Environmental Conservation; Adam Cottrill, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (OMNRF), and Jared Myers, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (Ashfield, Wisconsin). Thanks to Julie Henry for securing and organizing most recent OMNRF data; Vito Muggeo for correspondence regarding the use of segmented regression, and all the vessel and support staff for collecting the data over the years. Mark Vinson (USGS), Brent Metcalfe (OMNRF) and anonymous reviews provided insightful comments on an earlier draft. This work was made possible by a grant from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to ESD and MDR. Mention of specific product or trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 1973 to the USGS Great Lakes Science Centre. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1150 EP 1161 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.014 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CZ8OU UT WOS:000367359800020 ER PT J AU Keyler, TD Hrabik, TR Austin, CL Gorman, OT Mensinger, AF AF Keyler, T. D. Hrabik, T. R. Austin, C. L. Gorman, O. T. Mensinger, A. F. TI Foraging mechanisms of siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush siscowet) on pelagic prey SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Superior; Reaction distance; Angle of attack; Light attenuation; Vision ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; FISH COMMUNITY; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; OFFSHORE WATERS; LIGHT-INTENSITY; PREDATION RISK; SUPERIOR FISH; LATERAL-LINE; HABITAT USE; IRRADIANCE AB The reaction distance, angle of attack, and foraging success were determined for siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush siscowet) during laboratory trials under lighting conditions that approximated downwelling spectral irradiance and intensity (9.00 x 10(8)-1.06 x 10(14) photons m(-2) s(-1)) at daytime depths. Siscowet reaction distance in response to golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) was directly correlated with increasing light intensity until saturation at 1.86 x 10(11) photons m(-2) s(-1), above which reaction distance was constant within the range of tested light intensities. At the lowest tested light intensity, sensory detection was sufficient to locate prey at 25 +/- 2 cm, while increasing light intensities increased reaction distance up to 59 +/- 2 cm at 1.06 x 10(14) photons m(-2) s(-1). Larger prey elicited higher reaction distances than smaller prey at all light intensities while moving prey elicited higher reaction distances than stationary prey at the higher light intensities (6.00 x 10(9) to 1.06 x 10(14) photons m(-2) s(-1)). The capture and consumption of prey similarly increased with increasing light intensity while time to capture decreased with increasing light intensity. The majority of orientations toward prey occurred within 120 degrees of the longitudinal axis of the siscowet's eyes, although reaction distances among 30 degrees increments along the entire axis were not significantly different. The developed predictive model will help determine reaction distances for siscowet in various photic environments and will help identify the mechanisms and behavior that allow for low light intensity foraging within freshwater systems. (C) 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Keyler, T. D.; Hrabik, T. R.; Austin, C. L.; Mensinger, A. F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Gorman, O. T.] US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Keyler, TD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, 1035 Kirby Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. FU Minnesota Sea Grant (Sea Grant Research Project R/F) [35]; United States Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [IOS-1354745, DBI-1359230]; Lake Superior Biological Station; University of Minnesota Duluth Biology Department FX For assistance and expertise with fish collection and husbandry, the authors thank the crew of the RV Kiyi. Funding for this project was provided by Minnesota Sea Grant (Sea Grant Research Project R/F 35), the United States Geological Survey, National Science Foundation Grants IOS-1354745 and DBI-1359230 (AFM), Lake Superior Biological Station and the University of Minnesota Duluth Biology Department. The authors would also like to thank M. Joyce for his great knowledge of all things statistical as well the continued help and support from K. Harrington, K. Olson, R. Mahling, E. Heald, B. Vetter, G. Hanson, M. Sorenson, M. Sizer, T. Arhenstorff and the McNair Scholars Program at the University of Wisconsin-Superior. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1162 EP 1171 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CZ8OU UT WOS:000367359800021 ER PT J AU Fischer, JL Bennion, D Roseman, EF Manny, BA AF Fischer, Jason L. Bennion, David Roseman, Edward F. Manny, Bruce A. TI Validation of a spatial model used to locate fish spawning reef construction sites in the St. Clair-Detroit River system SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Detroit River; St. Clair River; Hydraulic model; GIS; Fish spawning habitat ID STURGEON ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; HABITAT AB Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) populations have suffered precipitous declines in the St Clair-Detroit River system, following the removal of gravel spawning substrates and overfishing in the late 1800s to mid-1900s. To assist the remediation of lake sturgeon spawning habitat, three hydrodynamic models were integrated into a spatial model to identify areas in two large rivers, where water velocities were appropriate for the restoration of lake sturgeon spawning habitat. Here we use water velocity data collected with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to assess the ability of the spatial model and its sub-models to correctly identify areas where water velocities were deemed suitable for restoration of fish spawning habitat ArcMap 10.1 was used to create raster grids of water velocity data from model estimates and ADCP measurements which were compared to determine the percentage of cells similarly classified as unsuitable, suitable, or ideal for fish spawning habitat remediation. The spatial model categorized 65% of the raster cells the same as depth-averaged water velocity measurements from the ADCP and 72% of the raster cells the same as surface water velocity measurements from the ADCP. Sub-models focused on depth-averaged velocities categorized the greatest percentage of cells similar to ADCP measurements where 74% and 76% of cells were the same as depth-averaged water velocity measurements. Our results indicate that integrating depth-averaged and surface water velocity hydrodynamic models may have biased the spatial model and overestimated suitable spawning habitat A model solely integrating depth-averaged velocity models could improve identification of areas suitable for restoration of fish spawning habitat Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Fischer, Jason L.; Bennion, David; Roseman, Edward F.; Manny, Bruce A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Fischer, Jason L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Fischer, JL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM jfischer@usgs.gov; dbennion@usgs.gov; eroseman@usgs.gov; bmanny@usgs.gov OI Fischer, Jason/0000-0001-7226-6500; Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project-Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor [70]; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project-Design and Planning Fish Habitat Remediation Projects in the St. Clair and Detroit River areas of concern [401] FX This work was supported by Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Projects #70-Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor and #401-Design and Planning Fish Habitat Remediation Projects in the St. Clair and Detroit River areas of concern. The authors thank D. Bowser, D. Castle, J. Chiotti, J. Craig, R. Hunter, S. Ireland, G. Kennedy, J. Read, and L. Vaccaro for assistance in the field and with other aspects of this project The authors also thank Jacob Bruxer and an anonymous reviewer for input on earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution 1975 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1178 EP 1184 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CZ8OU UT WOS:000367359800024 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Ebener, MP Sepulveda, MS AF Madenjian, Charles P. Ebener, Mark P. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI PCB concentrations of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) vary by sex SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sex differences; Energy expenditure rates; Gross growth efficiency; Lake whitefish; PCBs; Release of eggs ID BIOENERGETICS MODEL; TROUT; FISH AB We determined whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in 26 female lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and 34 male lake whitefish from northern Lake Huron. In 5 of the 26 female lake whitefish, we also determined PCB concentrations in the somatic tissue and ovaries. In addition, bioenergetics modeling was used to determine the contribution of the growth dilution effect to the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes. Whole-fish PCB concentrations for females and males averaged 60 ng/g and 80 ng/g, respectively; thus males were 34% higher in PCB concentration compared with females. Based on the PCB determinations in the somatic tissue and ovaries, we predicted that PCB concentration of females would increase by 2.5%, on average, immediately after spawning due to release of eggs. Thus, the change in PCB concentration due to release of eggs did not explain, to any degree, the higher PCB concentrations observed in males compared with females. Bioenergetics modeling results indicated that the growth dilution effect could account for males being only 0.7% higher in PCB concentration compared with females. Thus, the growth dilution effect contributed very little to the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes. We conclude that males were higher than females in PCB concentration most likely due to a higher rate of energy expenditure, stemming from greater activity and a greater resting metabolic rate. A higher rate of energy expenditure leads to a higher rate of food consumption, which, in turn, leads to a higher PCB accumulation rate. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Intertribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1185 EP 1190 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.010 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CZ8OU UT WOS:000367359800025 ER PT J AU Scully, CM Lee, RL Pielstick, L Medlock, J Patton, KM Collins, GH Kutzler, MA AF Scully, Clare M. Lee, Rebecca L. Pielstick, Leon Medlock, Jan Patton, Kristin M. Collins, Gail H. Kutzler, Michelle A. TI COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL AND SURGICAL VASECTOMY ON TESTICULAR ACTIVITY IN FREE-ROAMING HORSES (EQUUS CABALLUS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Equus caballus; equid; spermatogenesis; stallions; sterilization; testosterone ID FERAL HORSES; TESTOSTERONE; DOGS; STERILIZATION; INJECTION; SPERMATOGENESIS; CRYPTORCHIDISM; CONTRACEPTION; ESTROGENS; DIAGNOSIS AB Free-roaming horse (Equus caballus) management is a complex issue incorporating social, economic, emotional, political, and environmental factors. Currently, few proven field techniques exist for managing free-roaming horse population growth, which can reach 20-25% annually. Although there are several strategies available for sterilizing mares when managing free-roaming horse populations, surgical vasectomy is the only method used in the field for stallions. Some managers believe that surgically vasectomizing dominant stallions would have significant effects on reducing horse populations. However, sterilizing only dominant harem stallions results in a relatively modest reduction in population growth as substantial reproduction may occur even when 100% of the dominant harem stallions are sterilized if other males perform as little as 10% of the breeding. The overall goal of the current project was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel nonsurgical method for sterilizing free-roaming horses (chemical vasectomy). In September of 2013, stallions that had been previously surgically vasectomized (SURG, n = 25), previously chemically vasectomized (CHEM, n = 16), or untreated (CONT, n = 32) were captured and surgically castrated in preparation for adoption. When comparing both sterilization methods to CONT, serum testosterone and estrone sulfate concentrations did not differ (P > 0.05), suggesting that these methods for sterilizing free-roaming stallions would not disrupt herd social hierarchy. However, similar to the CONT, all CHEM stallions had sperm present within the vas deferens seminal fluid samples. CHEM stallions had more morphologically abnormal sperm than did CONT stallions but it is not known if this affected the actual fertility. Additional research is needed using alternative sclerosing agents for chemical vasectomy in free-roaming horse populations. C1 [Scully, Clare M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lee, Rebecca L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kutzler, Michelle A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim & Rangeland Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Medlock, Jan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Patton, Kristin M.] Life Sci Res, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Collins, Gail H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. RP Scully, CM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, 158 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM clare.scully@oregonstate.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [ORE00123] FX B. Day, A. Collins, M. Webster, J. Kashdom, S. Ludwig, M. Solus, K. Lopez, and J. Elizararras from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service contributed with their assistance in handling the stallions used in the study. L. Gentle assisted with the digital image capture of sperm morphology slides. This project was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (ORE00123). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 46 IS 4 BP 815 EP 824 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CZ7UQ UT WOS:000367306000018 PM 26667538 ER PT J AU Li, JR Flagg, C Okin, GS Painter, TH Dintwe, K Belnap, J AF Li, Junran Flagg, Cody Okin, Gregory S. Painter, Thomas H. Dintwe, Kebonye Belnap, Jayne TI On the prediction of threshold friction velocity of wind erosion using soil reflectance spectroscopy SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dust; Wind erosion; Remote sensing; Partial least squares regression ID ATMOSPHERIC DUST CYCLE; GRAIN-SIZE; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; SEMIARID ENVIRONMENTS; MODEL; CRUST; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; EMISSION; DESERT AB Current approaches to estimate threshold friction velocity (TFV) of soil particle movement, including both experimental and empirical methods, suffer from various disadvantages, and they are particularly not effective to estimate TFVs at regional to global scales. Reflectance spectroscopy has been widely used to obtain TFV-related soil properties (e.g., moisture, texture, crust, etc.), however, no studies have attempted to directly relate soil TFV to their spectral reflectance. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between soil TFV and soil reflectance in the visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR, 350-2500 nm) spectral region, and to identify the best range of wavelengths or combinations of wavelengths to predict TFV. Threshold friction velocity of 31 soils, along with their reflectance spectra and texture were measured in the Mojave Desert, California and Moab, Utah. A correlation analysis between TFV and soil reflectance identified a number of isolated, narrow spectral domains that largely fell into two spectral regions, the VIS area (400-700 nm) and the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) area (1100-2500 nm). A partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) confirmed the significant bands that were identified by correlation analysis. The PLSR further identified the strong relationship between the first-difference transformation and TFV at several narrow regions around 1400,1900, and 2200 nm. The use of PLSR allowed us to identify a total of 17 key wavelengths in the investigated spectrum range, which may be used as the optimal spectral settings for estimating TFV in the laboratory and field, or mapping of TFV using airborne/satellite sensors. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Junran] Univ Tulsa, Dept Geosci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Flagg, Cody] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Okin, Gregory S.; Dintwe, Kebonye] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Li, JR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Geosci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM junran@utulsa.edu RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 FU NASA [NNX10AO97G]; NSF [EAR-1148334]; Department of Transportation Southern Plains Transportation Center [SPTC14.1-39]; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programs; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was supported by NASA Grant NNX10AO97G, NSF Grant EAR-1148334, and Department of Transportation Southern Plains Transportation Center Grant SPTC14.1-39. JB was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programs. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2015.10.001 PN A PG 8 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA CZ3RY UT WOS:000367022900011 ER PT J AU Dettinger, M Udall, B Georgakakos, A AF Dettinger, Michael Udall, Bradley Georgakakos, Aris TI Western water and climate change SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Centennial Paper; climate change; Colorado River; Klamath River; Rio Grande; Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay Delta; water resources; western United States ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; GRANDE SILVERY MINNOW; UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; RIO-GRANDE; MOUNTAIN CATCHMENT; SNOWPACK TRENDS; GLACIER CHANGE; PRECIPITATION AB The western United States is a region long defined by water challenges. Climate change adds to those historical challenges, but does not, for the most part, introduce entirely new challenges; rather climate change is likely to stress water supplies and resources already in many cases stretched to, or beyond, natural limits. Projections are for continued and, likely, increased warming trends across the region, with a near certainty of continuing changes in seasonality of snowmelt and streamflows, and a strong potential for attendant increases in evaporative demands. Projections of future precipitation are less conclusive, although likely the northernmost West will see precipitation increases while the southernmost West sees declines. However, most of the region lies in a broad area where some climate models project precipitation increases while others project declines, so that only increases in precipitation uncertainties can be projected with any confidence. Changes in annual and seasonal hydrographs are likely to challenge water managers, users, and attempts to protect or restore environmental flows, even where annual volumes change little. Other impacts from climate change (e.g., floods and water-quality changes) are poorly understood and will likely be location dependent. In this context, four iconic river basins offer glimpses into specific challenges that climate change may bring to the West. The Colorado River is a system in which overuse and growing demands are projected to be even more challenging than climate-change-induced flow reductions. The Rio Grande offers the best example of how climate-change-induced flow declines might sink a major system into permanent drought. The Klamath is currently projected to face the more benign precipitation future, but fisheries and irrigation management may face dire straits due to warming air temperatures, rising irrigation demands, and warming waters in a basin already hobbled by tensions between endangered fisheries and agricultural demands. Finally, California's Bay-Delta system is a remarkably localized and severe weakness at the heart of the region's trillion-dollar economy. It is threatened by the full range of potential climate-change impacts expected across the West, along with major vulnerabilities to increased flooding and rising sea levels. C1 [Dettinger, Michael] US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Udall, Bradley] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Water Inst, Boulder, CO 80523 USA. [Georgakakos, Aris] Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Water Resources Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Dettinger, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM mddettin@usgs.gov NR 188 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 28 U2 101 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2069 EP 2093 PG 25 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ6KR UT WOS:000367210700002 PM 26910940 ER PT J AU Dibble, KL Yackulic, CB Kennedy, TA Budy, P AF Dibble, Kimberly L. Yackulic, Charles B. Kennedy, Theodore A. Budy, Phaedra TI Flow management and fish density regulate salmonid recruitment and adult size in tailwaters across western North America SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE competition; dam operations; discharge; fish; hydropeaking; Oncorhynchus mykiss; regulated river; Salmo trutta ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AGE-0 RAINBOW-TROUT; MODIFYING DAM OPERATIONS; EXOTIC BROWN TROUT; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; INVERTEBRATE DRIFT; POPULATION-DENSITY; INVASION SUCCESS; FOOD-CONSUMPTION AB Rainbow and brown trout have been intentionally introduced into tailwaters downriver of dams globally and provide billions of dollars in economic benefits. At the same time, recruitment and maximum length of trout populations in tailwaters often fluctuate erratically, which negatively affects the value of fisheries. Large recruitment events may increase dispersal downriver where other fish species may be a priority (e.g., endangered species). There is an urgent need to understand the drivers of trout population dynamics in tailwaters, in particular the role of flow management. Here, we evaluate how flow, fish density, and other physical factors of the river influence recruitment and mean adult length in tailwaters across western North America, using data from 29 dams spanning 1-19 years. Rainbow trout recruitment was negatively correlated with high annual, summer, and spring flow and dam latitude, and positively correlated with high winter flow, subadult brown trout catch, and reservoir storage capacity. Brown trout recruitment was negatively correlated with high water velocity and daily fluctuations in flow (i.e., hydropeaking) and positively correlated with adult rainbow trout catch. Among these many drivers, rainbow trout recruitment was primarily correlated with high winter flow combined with low spring flow, whereas brown trout recruitment was most related to high water velocity. The mean lengths of adult rainbow and brown trout were influenced by similar flow and catch metrics. Length in both species was positively correlated with high annual flow but declined in tailwaters with high daily fluctuations in flow, high catch rates of conspecifics, and when large cohorts recruited to adult size. Whereas brown trout did not respond to the proportion of water allocated between seasons, rainbow trout length increased in rivers that released more water during winter than in spring. Rainbow trout length was primarily related to high catch rates of conspecifics, whereas brown trout length was mainly related to large cohorts recruiting to the adult size class. Species-specific responses to flow management are likely attributable to differences in seasonal timing of key life history events such as spawning, egg hatching, and fry emergence. C1 [Dibble, Kimberly L.; Yackulic, Charles B.; Kennedy, Theodore A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Dibble, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM kdibble@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation, Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program FX This research was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation, Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program. Special thanks to the biologists and agencies that provided data and guidance for this project, including M. Anderson, J. Ard, C. Barfoot, G. Bennett, C. Bollman, N. Boren, A. Cushing, J. Dillon, J. Dunnigan, D. Garren, G. Grisak, T. Hedrick, R. Hepworth, B. Hodgson, S. Hum, J. Kozfkay, L. Long, R. Mosley, C. Nagel, R. Perkins, B. Persons, T. Porter, E. Roberts, M. Ruggles, D. Schmetterling, E. Schriever, D. Skaar, M. Slater, M. Smith, B. Stewart, A. Treble, H. Vermillion, M. Wethington, Bureau of Reclamation Hydromet System, Environmental Protection Agency STORET, NARS, EMAP databases, and the U.S. Geological Survey BioData and Water Watch databases. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 20 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2168 EP 2179 DI 10.1890/14-2211.1.sm PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ6KR UT WOS:000367210700009 PM 26910947 ER PT J AU Jarboe, PJ Candela, PA Zhu, WL Kaufman, AJ AF Jarboe, Palma J. Candela, Philip A. Zhu, Wenlu Kaufman, Alan J. TI Extraction of Hydrocarbons from High-Maturity Marcellus Shale Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED GAS RECOVERY; FLUID EXTRACTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; PORE STRUCTURE; CO2 INJECTION; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; UNITED-STATES; PARTICLE-SIZE; SURFACE-AREA; STORAGE AB Shale is now commonly exploited as a hydrocarbon resource. Due to the high degree of geochemical and petrophysical heterogeneity both between shale reservoirs and within a single reservoir, there is a growing need to find more efficient methods of extracting petroleum compounds (crude oil, natural gas, bitumen) from potential source rocks. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) was used to extract n-aliphatic hydrocarbons from ground samples of Marcellus shale. Samples were collected from vertically drilled wells in central and western Pennsylvania, USA, with total organic carbon (TOC) content ranging from 1.5 to 6.2 wt %. Extraction temperature and pressure conditions (80 degrees C and 21.7 MPa, respectively) were chosen to represent approximate in situ reservoir conditions at sample depth (1920-2280 m). Hydrocarbon yield was evaluated as a function of sample matrix particle size (sieve size) over the following size ranges: 1000-500 mu m, 250-12,5 mu m, and 63-25 mu m. Several methods of shale characterization including Rock-Eval II pyrolysis, organic petrography, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, and X-ray diffraction analyses were also performed to better understand potential controls on extraction yields. Despite high sample thermal maturity, results show that supercritical CO2 can liberate diesel-range (n-C-11 through n-C-21) n-aliphatic hydrocarbons. The total quantity of extracted, resolvable n-aliphatic hydrocarbons ranges from approximately 0.3 to 12 mg of hydrocarbon per gram of TOC. Sieve size does have an effect on extraction yield, with highest recovery from the 250-125 mu m size fraction. However, the significance of this effect is limited, likely due to the low size ranges of the extracted shale particles. Additional trends in hydrocarbon yield are observed among all samples, regardless of sieve size: 1) yield increases as a function of specific surface area (r(2) = 0.78); and 2) both yield and surface area increase with increasing TOC content (r(2) = 0.97 and 0.86, respectively). Given that supercritical CO2 is able to mobilize residual organic matter present in overmature shales, this study contributes to a better understanding of the extent and potential factors affecting the extraction process. C1 [Jarboe, Palma J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Candela, Philip A.; Zhu, Wenlu; Kaufman, Alan J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kaufman, Alan J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jarboe, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM pjarboe@usgs.gov FU ACS-PRF's New Directions Grant [52387-ND8]; PAPG Named Grant - AAPG Foundation; UMD Green Fellowship in Global Climate Change; USGS's Energy Resources Program FX This project was funded by the ACS-PRF's New Directions Grant 52387-ND8, the 2013 PAPG Named Grant, sponsored by the AAPG Foundation's Grants-in-Aid program, the UMD Green Fellowship in Global Climate Change, and the USGS's Energy Resources Program. Samples were provided courtesy of EXCO Resources, Inc., and the Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. The authors thank UMD faculty and staff, Drs. Phil Piccoli and Michael Evans, and Rebecca Plummer. Considerable gratitude also goes to USGS scientists and colleagues Jon Kolak, Leslie Ruppert, Dave Housekneeht, Robert Burruss, Peter Warwick, Paul Hackley, Frank Dulong, Heather Lowers, Terry Lerch, William Orem, Margo Corum, Matthew Varonka, Joseph East, Eric Morrissey, Nicholas Geboy, and John Jackson, for all of their support, collaboration, and laboratory resources. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on the manuscript. Additional acknowledgements go to UMD students Brittney Gaeta and Harrison Lisabeth for laboratory assistance throughout the project. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD DEC PY 2015 VL 29 IS 12 BP 7897 EP 7909 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02059 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CZ1PO UT WOS:000366878000016 ER PT J AU Olea, RA Luppens, JA AF Olea, Ricardo A. Luppens, James A. TI Mapping of coal quality using stochastic simulation and isometric logratio transformation with an application to a Texas lignite SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Two-point geostatistics; Compositional data analysis; Geochemistry; Proximate analysis; Uncertainty ID SPATIAL PREDICTION; COMPOSITIONAL DATA; GEOSTATISTICS AB Coal is a chemically complex commodity that often contains most of the natural elements in the periodic table. Coal constituents are conventionally grouped into four components (proximate analysis): fixed carbon, ash, inherent moisture, and volatile matter. These four parts, customarily measured as weight losses and expressed as percentages, share all properties and statistical challenges of compositional data. Consequently, adequate modeling should be done in terms of a logratio transformation, a requirement that is commonly overlooked by modelers. The transformation of choice is the isometric logratio transformation because of its geometrical and statistical advantages. The modeling is done through a series of realizations prepared by applying sequential simulation for the purpose of displaying the parts in maps incorporating uncertainty. The approach makes realistic assumptions and the results honor the data and basic considerations, such as percentages between 0 and 100, all four parts adding to 100% at any location in the study area, and a style of spatial fluctuation in the realizations equal to that of the data. The realizations are used to prepare different results, including probability distributions across a deposit, E-type maps displaying average properties, and probability maps summarizing joint fluctuations of several parts. Application of these maps to a lignite bed clearly delineates the deposit boundary, reveals a channel cutting across, and shows that the most favorable coal quality is to the north and deteriorates toward the southeast. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Olea, Ricardo A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Luppens, James A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rolea@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 152 BP 80 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2015.10.003 PN B PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA CZ3RA UT WOS:000367020500007 ER PT J AU Hethcoat, MG Chalfoun, AD AF Hethcoat, Matthew G. Chalfoun, Anna D. TI Towards a mechanistic understanding of human-induced rapid environmental change: a case study linking energy development, nest predation and predators SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic disturbance; birds; energy development; habitat loss; nest predation; predator-prey; sagebrush steppe; species interactions ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SONGBIRD NESTS; SPATIAL SCALE; FOOD; BIODIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; METAANALYSIS; COMPETITION; EXTINCTION AB Demographic consequences of human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) have been widely documented for many populations. The mechanisms underlying such patterns, however, are rarely investigated and yet are critical to understand for effective conservation and management. We investigated the mechanisms underlying reduced avian nest survival with intensification of natural gas development, an increasing source of human-induced rapid environmental change globally. We tested the hypothesis that energy development increased the local activity of important nest predator species, thereby elevating nest predation rates. During 2011-2012, we surveyed predators and monitored 668 nests of Brewer's sparrows Spizella breweri (BRSP), sagebrush sparrows Artemisiospiza nevadensis (SASPs) and sage thrashers Oreoscoptes montanus (SATHs) breeding at twelve sites spanning a gradient of habitat loss from energy development in western Wyoming, USA. Nine species, representing four mammalian and three avian families, were video-recorded depredating eggs and nestlings. Important nest predator species differed across songbird species, despite similar nesting habitats. Approximately 75% of depredation events were by rodents. Consistent with our predictions, detections of most rodent nest predators increased with surrounding habitat loss due to natural gas development, which was associated with increased probability of nest predation for our three focal bird species. An altered nest predator assemblage was therefore at least partly responsible for elevated avian nest predation risk in areas with more surrounding energy development.Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate one mechanism, that is the local augmentation of predators, by which human-induced rapid environmental change can influence the demography of local populations. Given the accelerating trajectory of global energy demands, an important next step will be to understand why the activity and/or abundance of rodent predators increased with surrounding habitat loss from energy development activities. We demonstrate one mechanism, that is the local augmentation of predators, by which human-induced rapid environmental change can influence the demography of local populations. Given the accelerating trajectory of global energy demands, an important next step will be to understand why the activity and/or abundance of rodent predators increased with surrounding habitat loss from energy development activities. C1 [Hethcoat, Matthew G.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Chalfoun, Anna D.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hethcoat, MG (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM HethcoatMG@gmail.com FU Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (U.S. Geological Survey); Wyoming Game and Fish Department FX This project was supported by grants from The Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (U.S. Geological Survey) and The Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank T. Alleger, J. Bernath-Plaisted, R. Bolgiano, J. Butch, T. Docherty, R. Haynam III, A. Stevens and K. Urban for assistance in the field. Helpful comments from P. Stephens, S. Bauer and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1492 EP 1499 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12513 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ4TK UT WOS:000367095400010 ER PT J AU Brennan, A Cross, PC Creel, S AF Brennan, Angela Cross, Paul C. Creel, Scott TI Managing more than the mean: using quantile regression to identify factors related to large elk groups SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE group living; group size trade-offs; habitat openness; predation refugia; predation risk; sociality; ungulate behaviour; wildlife disease ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; FREE-RANGING ELK; TROPHIC CASCADE; PREDATION RISK; WOLF PREDATION; GROUP-SIZE; HERD SIZE; WOLVES; BRUCELLOSIS; SELECTION AB Animal group size distributions are often right-skewed, whereby most groups are small, but most individuals occur in larger groups that may also disproportionately affect ecology and policy. In this case, examining covariates associated with upper quantiles of the group size distribution could facilitate better understanding and management of large animal groups. We studied wintering elk groups in Wyoming, where group sizes span several orders of magnitude, and issues of disease, predation and property damage are affected by larger group sizes. We used quantile regression to evaluate relationships between the group size distribution and variables of land use, habitat, elk density and wolf abundance to identify conditions important to larger elk groups. We recorded 1263 groups ranging from 1 to 1952 elk and found that across all quantiles of group size, group sizes were larger in open habitat and on private land, but the largest effect occurred between irrigated and non-irrigated land [e.g. the 90th quantile group size increased by 135 elk (95% CI=42, 227) on irrigation]. Only upper quantile group sizes were positively related to broad-scale measures of elk density and wolf abundance. For wolf abundance, this effect was greater on elk groups found in open habitats and private land than those in closed habitats or public land. If we had limited our analysis to mean or median group sizes, we would not have detected these effects.Synthesis and applications. Our analysis of elk group size distributions using quantile regression suggests that private land, irrigation, open habitat, elk density and wolf abundance can affect large elk group sizes. Thus, to manage larger groups by removal or dispersal of individuals, we recommend incentivizing hunting on private land (particularly if irrigated) during the regular and late hunting seasons, promoting tolerance of wolves on private land (if elk aggregate in these areas to avoid wolves) and creating more winter range and varied habitats. Relationships to the variables of interest also differed by quantile, highlighting the importance of using quantile regression to examine response variables more completely to uncover relationships important to conservation and management. Our analysis of elk group size distributions using quantile regression suggests that private land, irrigation, open habitat, elk density and wolf abundance can affect large elk group sizes. Thus, to manage larger groups by removal or dispersal of individuals, we recommend incentivizing hunting on private land (particularly if irrigated) during the regular and late hunting seasons, promoting tolerance of wolves on private land (if elk aggregate in these areas to avoid wolves) and creating more winter range and varied habitats. Relationships to the variables of interest also differed by quantile, highlighting the importance of using quantile regression to examine response variables more completely to uncover relationships important to conservation and management. C1 [Brennan, Angela] Montana State Univ, Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Creel, Scott] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Brennan, A (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM angie_brennan@hotmail.com RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Stephens, Philip/0000-0001-5849-788X FU National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-1067129]; US Geological Survey FX We are grateful to pilots D. Stinson, K. Overfield and S. Ard, and our technician C. Butler. We thank M. Higgs and B. Scurlock for commenting on previous drafts, and we thank the two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease (grant number DEB-1067129) and the US Geological Survey. Any mention of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1656 EP 1664 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12514 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ4TK UT WOS:000367095400027 ER PT J AU Dorning, MA Smith, JW Shoemaker, DA Meentemeyer, RK AF Dorning, Monica A. Smith, Jordan W. Shoemaker, Douglas A. Meentemeyer, Ross K. TI Changing decisions in a changing landscape: How might forest owners In an urbanizing region respond to emerging bioenergy markets? SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Contingent behavior; Stated preference; Woody biomass; Bioenergy market; Forest owners ID WOODY BIOMASS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; MANAGEMENT; ENERGY; WILLINGNESS; SCALE; URBANIZATION; AGRICULTURE; MISSISSIPPI; SCENARIOS AB The global bioenergy market has considerable impacts on local land use patterns, including landscapes in the Southeastern United States where increased demand for bioenergy feedstocks in the form of woody biomass is likely to affect the management and availability of forest resources. Despite extensive research investigating the productivity and impacts of different bioenergy feedstocks, relatively few studies have assessed the preferences of private landowners, who control the majority of forests in the eastern U.S., to harvest biomass for the bioenergy market. To better understand contingent behaviors given emerging biomass markets, we administered a stated preference experiment to private forest owners in the rapidly urbanizing Charlotte Metropolitan region. Respondents indicated their preferences for harvesting woody biomass under a set of hypothetical market-based scenarios with varying forest management plans and levels of economic return. Our analytical framework also incorporated data from a previously-administered revealed preference survey and spatially-explicit remote sensing data, enabling us to analyze how individuals' ownership characteristics, their emotional connection the forests they manage, and the spatial patterns of nearby land uses, influence willingness to grow bioenergy feedstocks. We found conditional support for feedstock production, even among woodland owners with no history of active management. Landowners preferred higher economic returns for each management plan. However low-intensity harvest options were always preferred to more intensive management alternatives regardless of economic return, suggesting that these landowners may be more strongly motivated by aesthetic or quality-of-life concerns than feedstock revenues. Our analysis indicated preferences were dependent upon individual and environmental characteristics, with younger, more rural landowners significantly more interested in growing feedstocks relative to their older and more urban counterparts. While this study focuses on one small sample of urban forest owners, our results do suggest that policy makers and resource managers can better inform stand-level decision-making by understanding how feedstock production preferences vary across populations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dorning, Monica A.; Smith, Jordan W.; Shoemaker, Douglas A.; Meentemeyer, Ross K.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Geospatial Analyt, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dorning, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mdorning@usgs.gov; jwsmit12@ncsu.edu; dashoema@ncsu.edu; rkmeente@ncsu.edu OI Dorning, Monica/0000-0002-7576-1256 FU NSF ULTRA-EX Program [0948181] FX This research was funded by the NSF ULTRA-EX Program (Grant #0948181). The authors would like to thank Todd BenDor, Jean-Claude Thill, and other members of Charlotte ULTRA-Ex research team at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte for their support in the development of this project. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the content of this manuscript. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 EI 1873-5754 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 SI SI BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.06.020 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ4XH UT WOS:000367105800001 ER PT J AU Gomez-Velez, JD Harvey, J Cardenas, MB Kiel, B AF Gomez-Velez, Jesus D. Harvey, JudsonW. Cardenas, M. Bayani Kiel, Brian TI Denitrification in the Mississippi River network controlled by flow through river bedforms SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; HYPORHEIC ZONE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; NITRATE REMOVAL; UNITED-STATES; MASS-BALANCE; GRAIN-SIZE; BASIN; EXCHANGE; NITROGEN AB Increasing nitrogen concentrations in the world's major rivers have led to over-fertilization of sensitive downstream waters(1-4). Flow through channel bed and bank sediments acts to remove riverine nitrogen through microbe-mediated denitrification reactions(5-10). However, little is understood about where in the channel network this biophysical process is most efficient, why certain channels are more effective nitrogen reactors, and how management practices can enhance the removal of nitrogen in regions where water circulates through sediment and mixes with groundwater-hyporheic zones(8,11,12). Here we present numerical simulations of hyporheic flow and denitrification throughout the Mississippi River network using a hydrogeomorphic model. We find that vertical exchange with sediments beneath the riverbed in hyporheic zones, driven by submerged bedforms, has denitrification potential that far exceeds lateral hyporheic exchange with sediments alongside river channels, driven by river bars and meandering banks. We propose that geomorphic differences along river corridors can explain why denitrification efficiency varies between basins in the Mississippi River network. Our findings suggest that promoting the development of permeable bedforms at the streambed-and thus vertical hyporheic exchange-would be more effective at enhancing river denitrification in large river basins than promoting lateral exchange through induced channel meandering. C1 [Gomez-Velez, Jesus D.; Harvey, JudsonW.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gomez-Velez, Jesus D.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Cardenas, M. Bayani; Kiel, Brian] Univ Texas Austin, Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Gomez-Velez, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jdgomez@nmt.edu RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; Cardenas, Meinhard Bayani/B-4940-2011 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Cardenas, Meinhard Bayani/0000-0001-6270-3105 FU USGS WAU Program; NWQP Program; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis: River corridor hot spots for biogeochemical processing-a continental-scale synthesis; National Science Foundation CAREER grant [EAR-0955750] FX This research was conducted while J.D.G.-V. held a postdoctoral associateship at the US Geological Survey. The work of J.W.H. and J.D.G.-V. is supported by USGS WAU and NWQP Programs and by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis: River corridor hot spots for biogeochemical processing-a continental-scale synthesis. M.B.C. is supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER grant (EAR-0955750). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 24 U2 64 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 941 EP U75 DI 10.1038/NGEO2567 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CZ6GW UT WOS:000367200200017 ER PT J AU Ryan, SJ McNally, A Johnson, LR Mordecai, EA Ben-Horin, T Paaijmans, K Lafferty, KD AF Ryan, Sadie J. McNally, Amy Johnson, Leah R. Mordecai, Erin A. Ben-Horin, Tal Paaijmans, Krijn Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Mapping Physiological Suitability Limits for Malaria in Africa Under Climate Change SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Climate change; Physiological response; Africa ID VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; TRANSMISSION INTENSITY; TEMPERATURE-VARIATION; SOUTH-AFRICA; HIGHLANDS; VIVAX; RATES; RISK AB We mapped current and future temperature suitability for malaria transmission in Africa using a published model that incorporates nonlinear physiological responses to temperature of the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae and the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. We found that a larger area of Africa currently experiences the ideal temperature for transmission than previously supposed. Under future climate projections, we predicted a modest increase in the overall area suitable for malaria transmission, but a net decrease in the most suitable area. Combined with human population density projections, our maps suggest that areas with temperatures suitable for year-round, highest-risk transmission will shift from coastal West Africa to the Albertine Rift between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, whereas areas with seasonal transmission suitability will shift toward sub-Saharan coastal areas. Mapping temperature suitability places important bounds on malaria transmissibility and, along with local level demographic, socioeconomic, and ecological factors, can indicate where resources may be best spent on malaria control. C1 [Ryan, Sadie J.] Univ Florida, Dept Geog, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ryan, Sadie J.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ryan, Sadie J.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Ctr Global Hlth & Translat Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Ryan, Sadie J.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Coll Agr Engn & Sci, Sch Life Sci, Durban, South Africa. [McNally, Amy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnson, Leah R.] Univ S Florida, Div Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA. [Mordecai, Erin A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ben-Horin, Tal] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Paaijmans, Krijn] Hosp Clin Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res CRESIB, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Ryan, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geog, 3128 Turlington Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sjryan@ufl.edu OI Ryan, Sadie/0000-0002-4308-6321 FU Luce Environmental Science to Solutions Fellowship; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; National Science Foundation [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology [DBI-1202892] FX This work was conducted as a part of the Malaria and Climate Change Working Group supported by the Luce Environmental Science to Solutions Fellowship and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the National Science Foundation (grant no. EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. Greg Husak and Bobby Gramacy provided input on data acquisition. E.A.M. was supported by a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology (DBI-1202892). Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 41 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.1089/vbz.2015.1822 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CY9JS UT WOS:000366723800002 PM 26579951 ER PT J AU Monfils, MJ Brown, PW Hayes, DB Soulliere, GJ AF Monfils, Michael J. Brown, Patrick W. Hayes, Daniel B. Soulliere, Gregory J. TI Post-breeding and Early Migrant Bird Use and Characteristics of Diked and Undiked Coastal Wetlands in Michigan, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE birds; coastal wetlands; diked; Great Lakes; Michigan; waterfowl ID GREAT-LAKES; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; ERIE; COMMUNITIES; WATERBIRD; HABITAT; MARSHES; DUCKS AB Bird use of diked and undiked Michigan coastal wetlands (n = 17) was studied on Lake St. Clair and Lake Huron during late July to mid-October, 2005-2007. Relative abundance and diversity were compared via aerial (n = 9) and ground (n = 155) surveys and wetland characteristics were measured. Species richness and similarity indices suggested analogous bird use, but multivariate analyses indicated significant separation in diked and undiked bird assemblages. Wood Duck (Aix sponsa), Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias), and Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) were more abundant on diked sites, whereas dabbling ducks combined, Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), American Black Duck (A. rubripes), gulls (Laridae), Forster's Tern (Sterna forsteri), and Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) were more abundant on undiked wetlands. Wetland characteristics also differed. Diked sites were primarily cattail (Typha spp.) marshes interspersed with small open-water areas containing aquatic plants. Undiked sites had larger openings fringed with bulrushes (Schoenoplectus spp.), fewer aquatic plants, and direct lake connections. Periodic drawdowns of diked wetlands could encourage greater plant species and structural diversity, making them more attractive to dabbling ducks. However, risk of common reed (Phragmites australis) expansion is high in the study areas, thus its control may be necessary before enhanced management can occur. C1 [Monfils, Michael J.; Brown, Patrick W.] Michigan State Univ Extens, Michigan Nat Features Inventory, Lansing, MI 48901 USA. [Hayes, Daniel B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Soulliere, Gregory J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River & Great Lakes Reg Joint V, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Monfils, MJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ Extens, Michigan Nat Features Inventory, POB 13036, Lansing, MI 48901 USA. EM monfilsm@msu.edu FU Federal Aid in Restoration Act [W-147-R]; U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service via the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture; Rocky Mountain Goats Foundation; Michigan State University (MSU) Graduate School FX Financial support was provided by the Federal Aid in Restoration Act under Pittman-Robertson project W-147-R, U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service via the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture, Rocky Mountain Goats Foundation, and Michigan State University (MSU) Graduate School. E. Kafcas (Michigan Department of Natural Resources [DNR]) and J. Schafer (DNR) helped initiate this project and collaborated throughout the study. Valuable input was provided by T. Burton and K. Millenbah of MSU. Many DNR personnel provided advice, equipment, and logistical support, including B. Avers, D. Avers, M. Donovan, T. Gierman, A. Karr, and D. Luukkenon. We thank the following individuals for conducting field work: J. Bobick, A. Boetcher, K. Borland, J. Gehring, J. List, R. Loiselle, B. Noel, M. Perkins, C. Provence, M. Sanders, E. Ter Haar, and S. Warner. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 22 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2015 VL 38 IS 4 BP 373 EP 386 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CZ6FF UT WOS:000367195900006 ER PT J AU Spendelow, JA AF Spendelow, Jeffrey A. TI First Record of a Banded Sandwich Tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis) Moving from England to the United States SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Cape Cod; Coquet Island; Great Britain; Massachusetts; Sandwich Tern; Thalasseus sandvicensis; transatlantic movement AB A Sandwich Tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis sandvicensis) banded as a chick in 2002 at Coquet Island off the northeast coast of Great Britain was observed at two locations on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, in August and September 2013. This is the first record of a banded Sandwich Tern from the United Kingdom being observed in the United States. C1 [Spendelow, Jeffrey A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Spendelow, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jspendelow@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2015 VL 38 IS 4 BP 425 EP 426 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CZ6FF UT WOS:000367195900013 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Wright, MT Seymour, WA McCleskey, RB Fram, MS Belitz, K Esser, BK AF Izbicki, John A. Wright, Michael T. Seymour, Whitney A. McCleskey, R. Blaine Fram, Miranda S. Belitz, Kenneth Esser, Bradley K. TI Cr(VI) occurrence and geochemistry in water from public-supply wells in California SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Chromium; Trace elements; Drinking water; California ID WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT; IN-GROUND WATER; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; NOBLE-GASES; ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SERPENTINE SOILS; DRINKING-WATER; NATURAL-WATERS; AQUIFER AB Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in 918 wells sampled throughout California between 2004 and 2012 by the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment-Priority Basin Project (GAMA-PBP) ranged from less than the study reporting limit of 1 microgram per liter (mg/L) to 32 mg/L. Statewide, Cr(VI) was reported in 31 percent of wells and equaled or exceeded the recently established (2014) California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for Cr(VI) of 10 mg/L in 4 percent of wells. Cr(VI) data collected for regulatory purposes overestimated Cr(VI) occurrence compared to spatially-distributed GAMA-PBP data. Ninety percent of chromium was present as Cr(VI), which was detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in alkaline (pH >= 8), oxic water; and more frequently in agricultural and urban land uses compared to native land uses. Chemical, isotopic (tritium and carbon-14), and noble-gas data show high Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers in the southern California deserts result from long groundwater-residence times and geochemical reactions such as silicate weathering that increase pH, while oxic conditions persist. High Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers along the west-side of the Central Valley results from high-chromium in source rock eroded to form those aquifers, and areal recharge processes (including irrigation return) that can mobilize chromium from the unsaturated zone. Cr(VI) co-occurred with oxyanions having similar chemistry, including vanadium, selenium, and uranium. Cr(VI) was positively correlated with nitrate, consistent with increased concentrations in areas of agricultural land use and mobilization of chromium from the unsaturated zone by irrigation return. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Izbicki, John A.; Wright, Michael T.; Seymour, Whitney A.; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Fram, Miranda S.; Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Esser, Bradley K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov OI Fram, Miranda/0000-0002-6337-059X FU California State Water Resources Control Board Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment-Priority Basin Project (GAMA-PBP) FX This study was funded as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment-Priority Basin Project (GAMA-PBP). The authors thank the large number of participating well owners across the state that provided access to wells for sample collection. NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 63 BP 203 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CY2DU UT WOS:000366219800017 ER PT J AU Gallegos, TJ Campbell, KM Zielinski, RA Reimus, PW Clay, JT Janot, N Bargar, JR Benzel, WM AF Gallegos, T. J. Campbell, K. M. Zielinski, R. A. Reimus, P. W. Clay, J. T. Janot, N. Bargar, John R. Benzel, William M. TI Persistent U(IV) and U(VI) following in-situ recovery (ISR) mining of a sandstone uranium deposit, Wyoming, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Uranium; In-situ recovery; ISR; Uranium mining; Sandstone-hosted uranium deposit; Groundwater restoration ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MACKINAWITE; ADSORPTION; MINE; FERRIHYDRITE; REDUCTION; SORPTION; MODEL AB Drill-core samples from a sandstone-hosted uranium (U) deposit in Wyoming were characterized to determine the abundance and distribution of uranium following in-situ recovery (ISR) mining with oxygen-and carbon dioxide-enriched water. Concentrations of uranium, collected from ten depth intervals, ranged from 5 to 1920 ppm. A composite sample contained 750 ppm uranium with an average oxidation state of 54% U(VI) and 46% U(IV). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated rare high uranium (similar to 1000 ppm U) in spatial association with P/Ca and Si/O attributed to relict uranium minerals, possibly coffinite, uraninite, and autunite, trapped within low permeability layers bypassed during ISR mining. Fission track analysis revealed lower but still elevated concentrations of U in the clay/silica matrix and organic matter (several 10 s ppm) and yet higher concentrations associated with Fe-rich/S-poor sites, likely iron oxides, on altered chlorite or euhedral pyrite surfaces (but not on framboidal pyrite). Organic C (<1.62%), total S (<0.31%), and P (<0.03%) were in low abundance relative to the overall bulk composition. Microbial community analysis showed a diverse group of bacteria present with a wide range of putative metabolisms, and provides evidence for a variety of redox microenvironments coexisting in core samples. Although the uranium minerals persisting in low permeability areas in association with organic carbon were less affected by oxidizing solutions during mining, the likely sequestration of uranium within labile iron oxides following mining and sensitivity to changes in redox conditions requires careful attention during groundwater restoration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gallegos, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Campbell, K. M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Zielinski, R. A.; Benzel, William M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Reimus, P. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Clay, J. T.] Cameco Resources, Casper, WY 82601 USA. [Janot, N.; Bargar, John R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gallegos, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tgallegos@usgs.gov; kcampbell@usgs.gov; rzielinski@usgs.gov; preimus@lanl.gov; James_Clay@cameco.com; noemie.janot@univ-lorraine.fr; bargar@slac.stanford.edu; wbenzel@usgs.gov FU Energy Resources Program; Toxic Substance Hydrology Program; National Research Program at the U.S. Geological Survey; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Subsurface Biogeochemistry Research (SBR) program via the SLAC SFA program [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX Financial support for this research was provided by Energy Resources Program, the Toxic Substance Hydrology Program, and the National Research Program at the U.S. Geological Survey. Thanks to collaborators at Cameco/Power Resources for providing access to drill core and water quality information especially Larry Reimann, Christopher Stanbury and Katelynd Faler. Whole rock digests and XRD were performed at the USGS Crustal Geochemical Labs in Denver, CO. Thanks to Heather Lowers for assistance with SEM and EMP analyses. X-ray absorption was performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a facility operated by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Funding for Janot and Bargar was provided by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Subsurface Biogeochemistry Research (SBR) program via the SLAC SFA program, under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. Any use of trade, firm, or product names was for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of its employees, make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this article, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 63 BP 222 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.017 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CY2DU UT WOS:000366219800019 ER PT J AU Craig, L Stillings, LL Decker, DL Thomas, JM AF Craig, Laura Stillings, Lisa L. Decker, David L. Thomas, James M. TI Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana (vol 56, pg 50, 2015) SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 [Craig, Laura; Decker, David L.; Thomas, James M.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Stillings, Lisa L.] Univ Nevada, Mackay Sch Mines, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Craig, L (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Laura.Craig@dri.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 63 BP 451 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.06.016 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CY2DU UT WOS:000366219800037 ER PT J AU Scholl, MA Shanley, JB Murphy, SF Willenbring, JK Occhi, M Gonzalez, G AF Scholl, Martha A. Shanley, James B. Murphy, Sheila F. Willenbring, Jane K. Occhi, Marcie Gonzalez, Grizelle TI Stable-isotope and solute-chemistry approaches to flow characterization in a forested tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST; HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; DEUTERIUM EXCESS; LONG-TERM; RUNOFF; PRECIPITATION; CATCHMENTS; GENERATION; PATTERNS; NITROGEN AB The prospect of changing climate has led to uncertainty about the resilience of forested mountain watersheds in the tropics. In watersheds where frequent, high rainfall provides ample runoff, we often lack understanding of how the system will respond under conditions of decreased rainfall or drought. Factors that govern water supply, such as recharge rates and groundwater storage capacity, may be poorly quantified. This paper describes 8-year data sets of water stable isotope composition (delta H-2 and delta O-18) of precipitation (4 sites) and a stream (1 site), and four contemporaneous stream sample sets of solute chemistry and isotopes, used to investigate watershed response to precipitation inputs in the 1780-ha Rio Mameyes basin in the Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico. Extreme delta H-2 and delta O-18 values from low-pressure storm systems and the deuterium excess (d-excess) were useful tracers of watershed response in this tropical system. A hydrograph separation experiment performed in June 2011 yielded different but complementary information from stable isotope and solute chemistry data. The hydrograph separation results indicated that 36% of the storm rain that reached the soil surface left the watershed in a very short time as runoff. Weathering-derived solutes indicated near-stream groundwater was displaced into the stream at the beginning of the event, followed by significant dilution. The more biologically active solutes exhibited a net flushing behavior. The d-excess analysis suggested that streamflow typically has a recent rainfall component (similar to 25%) with transit time less than the sampling resolution of 7 days, and a more well-mixed groundwater component (similar to 75%). The contemporaneous stream sample sets showed an overall increase in dissolved solute concentrations with decreasing elevation that may be related to groundwater inputs, different geology, and slope position. A considerable amount of water from rain events runs off as quickflow and bypasses subsurface watershed flow-paths, and better understanding of shallow hillslope and deeper groundwater processes in the watershed will require sub-weekly data and detailed transit time modeling. A combined isotopic and solute chemistry approach can guide further studies to a more comprehensive model of the hydrology, and inform decisions for managing water supply with future changes in climate and land use. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Scholl, Martha A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, New Hampshire Vermont Water Sci Ctr, Montpelier, VT USA. [Murphy, Sheila F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Willenbring, Jane K.; Occhi, Marcie] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Occhi, Marcie] Virginia Dept Mines Minerals & Energy, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Gonzalez, Grizelle] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. RP Scholl, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM mascholl@usgs.gov RI Willenbring, Jane/B-6431-2011; OI Willenbring, Jane/0000-0003-2722-9537; Scholl, Martha/0000-0001-6994-4614; Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 FU USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program; NSF Critical Zone Observatories Program [NSF EAR-0722476] FX This work was supported by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program, and the NSF Critical Zone Observatories Program Grant NSF EAR-0722476. Carlos Estrada (USFS) and Manuel Rosario and Angel Torres (USGS) helped with field work. We thank Haiping Qi, Jennifer Lorenz and Lauren Tarbox of the USGS Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory for analysis of isotope samples. Michael Doughten, Peggy Widman and Brett Uhle of the USGS analyzed solute chemistry for the contemporaneous sample sets. We thank Bill McDowell and Jody Potter, UNH, for the chemical analyses of the hydrograph separation samples. Comments from M. Alisa Mast of the USGS, and two anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript substantially. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 63 BP 484 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.008 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CY2DU UT WOS:000366219800041 ER PT J AU Darrouzet-Nardi, A Reed, SC Grote, EE Belnap, J AF Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony Reed, Sasha C. Grote, Edmund E. Belnap, Jayne TI Observations of net soil exchange of CO2 in a dryland show experimental warming increases carbon losses in biocrust soils SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Autochamber; Biological soil crusts; Castle valley; Utah; Soil respiration; Gap filling; Global climate change; Net soil exchange; NSE; Net ecosystem exchange; NEE ID TEMPERATURE RESPONSES; CRUST COMMUNITIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN UTAH; WATER-CONTENT; ARID LANDS; RESPIRATION; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; USA AB Many arid and semiarid ecosystems have soils covered with well-developed biological soil crust communities (biocrusts) made up of mosses, lichens, cyanobacteria, and heterotrophs living at the soil surface. These communities are a fundamental component of dryland ecosystems, and are critical to dryland carbon (C) cycling. To examine the effects of warming temperatures on soil C balance in a dryland ecosystem, we used infrared heaters to warm biocrust-dominated soils to 2 A degrees C above control conditions at a field site on the Colorado Plateau, USA. We monitored net soil exchange (NSE) of CO2 every hour for 21 months using automated flux chambers (5 control and 5 warmed chambers), which included the CO2 fluxes of the biocrusts and the soil beneath them. We observed measurable photosynthesis in biocrust soils on 12 % of measurement days, which correlated well with precipitation events and soil wet-up. These days included several snow events, providing what we believe to be the first evidence of substantial photosynthesis underneath snow by biocrust organisms in drylands. Overall, biocrust soils in both control and warmed plots were net CO2 sources to the atmosphere, with control plots losing 62 +/- A 8 g C m(-2) (mean +/- A SE) over the first year of measurement and warmed plots losing 74 +/- A 9 g C m(-2). Between control and warmed plots, the difference in soil C loss was uncertain over the course of the entire year due to large and variable rates in spring, but on days during which soils were wet and crusts were actively photosynthesizing, biocrusts that were warmed by 2 A degrees C had a substantially more negative C balance (i.e., biocrust soils took up less C and/or lost more C in warmed plots). Taken together, our data suggest a substantial risk of increased C loss from biocrust soils with higher future temperatures, and highlight a robust capacity to predict CO2 exchange in biocrust soils using easily measured environmental parameters. C1 [Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony; Reed, Sasha C.; Grote, Edmund E.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79912 USA. RP Darrouzet-Nardi, A (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, 500 W Univ Ave, El Paso, TX 79912 USA. EM anthonydn@utep.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program [DE-SC-0008168]; US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use and Ecosystems Mission Areas FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program, under Award Number DE-SC-0008168, as well as US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use and Ecosystems Mission Areas. Thanks are given to the many technicians who have and are currently working on this project, Sue Phillips and Dave Housman who directed the early setup of the site, and several anonymous reviewers whose contributions have improved the manuscript. Any trade, product, or firm name is used for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD DEC PY 2015 VL 126 IS 3 BP 363 EP 378 DI 10.1007/s10533-015-0163-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CY8AT UT WOS:000366631500008 ER PT J AU Thompson, SJ Johnson, DH Niemuth, ND Ribic, CA AF Thompson, Sarah J. Johnson, Douglas H. Niemuth, Neal D. Ribic, Christine A. TI Avoidance of unconventional oil wells and roads exacerbates habitat loss for grassland birds in the North American great plains SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Avoidance; Bakken; Grassland birds; Oil development; Piecewise regression; Sprague's pipit ID ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE; IMPACTS; COMMUNITIES; FOREST; EDGE; INFORMATION; VEGETATION; SONGBIRDS AB Oil development in the Bakken shale region has increased rapidly as a result of new technologies and strong demand for fossilfuel. This region also supports a particularly high density and diversity of grassland bird species, which are declining across North America. We examined grassland bird response to unconventional oil extraction sites (i.e. developed with hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques) and associated roads in North Dakota. Our goal was to quantify the amount of habitat that was indirectly degraded by oil development as evidenced by patterns of avoidance by birds. Grassland birds avoided areas within 150 m of roads (95% CI: 87-214 m), 267 m of single-bore well pads (95% CI: 157-378 m), and 150 m of multi-bore well pads (95% CI: 67-233 m). Individual species demonstrated variable tolerance of well pads. Clay-colored sparrows (Spizella pallida) were tolerant of oil-related infrastructure, whereas Sprague's pipit (Anthus spragueii) avoided areas within 350 m (95% Cl: 215-485 m) of single-bore well pads. Given these density patterns around oil wells, the potential footprint of any individual oil well, and oil development across the region, is greatly multiplied for sensitive species. Efforts to reduce new road construction, concentrate wells along developed corridors, combine numerous wells on multi-bore pads rather than build many single-bore wells, and to place well pads near existing roads will serve to minimize loss of suitable habitat for birds. Quantifying environmental degradation caused by oil development is a critical step in understanding how to better mitigate harm to wildlife populations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thompson, Sarah J.; Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Niemuth, Neal D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP Thompson, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sjthompson@usgs.gov; douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov; neal_niemuth@fws.gov; caribic@wisc.edu OI Thompson, Sarah/0000-0002-5733-8198 FU Plains and Prairie Pothole Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We thank the Plains and Prairie Pothole Landscape Conservation Cooperative for funding. We thank T. Arnold and 3 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. We are grateful for logistical support provided by staffs at Lake Ilo and Lostwood National Wildlife Refuges and the Crosby Wetland Management District. We also thank numerous individuals at the US Forest Service Dakota Prairie National Grasslands and North Dakota Game and Fish Department for assistance. We specifically thank M. Ditmer, T. Gallion, S. Goebel, K. Luttschwager, M. Rabenberg, K. Richardson, L. Richardson, C. Sutheimer, A. Wiker, and E. Wiley for their assistance. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 192 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.08.040 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY6TB UT WOS:000366540600010 ER PT J AU Tonra, CM Sager-Fradkin, K Morley, SA Duda, JJ Marra, PP AF Tonra, Christopher M. Sager-Fradkin, Kimberly Morley, Sarah A. Duda, Jeffrey J. Marra, Peter P. TI The rapid return of marine-derived nutrients to a freshwater food web following dam removal SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE American dipper; Cinclus mexicanus; Elwha River; Salmon; Stable isotopes; Oncorhynchus spp. ID SPAWNING PACIFIC SALMON; ECOSYSTEMS; DELTA-N-15; PERIPHYTON; CARCASSES; SUBSIDIES; GROWTH AB Dam removal is increasingly being recognized as a viable river restoration action. Although the main beneficiaries of restored connectivity are often migratory fish populations, little is known regarding recovery of other parts of the freshwater food web, particularly terrestrial components. We measured stable isotopes in key components to the freshwater food web: salmon, freshwater macroinvertebrates and a river specialist bird, American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus), before and after removal of the Elwha Dam, WA, USA. Less than a year after dam removal, salmon returned to the system and released marine-derived nutrients (MDN). In that same year we documented an increase in stable-nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in American dippers. These results indicate that MDN from anadromous fish, an important nutrient subsidy that crosses the aquatic-terrestrial boundary, can return rapidly to food webs after dams are removed which is an important component of ecosystem recovery. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tonra, Christopher M.; Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Tonra, Christopher M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sager-Fradkin, Kimberly] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Dept Nat Resources, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Morley, Sarah A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Tonra, CM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM tonra.1@osu.edu RI Tonra, Christopher/B-1620-2013 FU USFWS Tribal Wildlife Research grant [WA U-26-NA-1]; Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe; NOAA's Open Rivers Initiative; U.S. Geological Survey; Smithsonian Stable Isotope Research Fellowship; Didden Conservation Biology Fellowship FX Funding was provided by a USFWS Tribal Wildlife Research grant to Marra and Sager-Fradkin (WA U-26-NA-1), the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe and NOAA's Open Rivers Initiative to Morley, U.S. Geological Survey to Duda, and a Smithsonian Stable Isotope Research Fellowship and Didden Conservation Biology Fellowship to Tonra. We are grateful to Olympic National Park Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Natural Resources staff of the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. We wish to thank James Adelman, Dave Manson, Rebecca Paradis, Larry Ward, Alexander Stevankiv and Sara Cendejas-Zarelli for field and lab assistance and Christine France for her contribution to stable isotope analysis. This manuscript benefitted from reviews by George Pess, Lisa Wetzel and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 38 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 192 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.009 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY6TB UT WOS:000366540600015 ER PT J AU Carter, SK Januchowski-Hartley, SR Pohlman, JD Bergeson, TL Pidgeon, AM Radeloff, VC AF Carter, Sarah K. Januchowski-Hartley, Stephanie R. Pohlman, John D. Bergeson, Tara L. Pidgeon, Anna M. Radeloff, Volker C. TI An evaluation of environmental, institutional and socio-economic factors explaining successful conservation plan implementation in the north-central United States SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation planning; Planning-implementation gap; Plan evaluation; Land protection; Protected areas; Wildlife Action Plans ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; PROTECTED AREAS; REGRESSION; MANAGERS; ADOPTION; LESSONS; GROWTH AB Conservation plans are commonly used tools for prioritizing areas for protection, but plan implementation is often limited and rarely formally evaluated. Without evaluations of planning outcomes, it is difficult to justify expending resources to develop new plans and to adapt future plans so they are more likely to achieve desired conservation outcomes. We evaluated implementation of four conservation plans in Wisconsin, USA, by quantifying land protection within plan boundaries overtime. We found that 44% of lands inside plans are currently protected, compared to 5% outside plans. We then asked which environmental, institutional, and socio-economic factors explained implementation of the most recent (2008) plan by the state natural resources agency. Institutional and environmental metrics related to agency policy and past actions explained 61% of implementation variability among individual priority areas within the plan: the agency having secured acquisition authority (a policy requirement) and subsequently successfully protected land in the priority area prior to the conservation plan being completed, and acquiring land near open water (a policy priority). Our findings suggest that implementation is possible under a wide variety of socio-economic settings and indicate that development of new conservation plans may not necessarily lead to action in new locations in the near term, but rather may facilitate action in locations where the institutional groundwork for action has already been laid. Considering institutional policies of active conservation partners in the development of future conservation plans can facilitate identification of priority areas that are more likely to correspond with on-the-ground implementation opportunities. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carter, Sarah K.; Pidgeon, Anna M.; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, SILVIS Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Januchowski-Hartley, Stephanie R.] Texas A&M Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Pohlman, John D.; Bergeson, Tara L.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Carter, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM skcarter@usgs.gov RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU McIntire-Stennis Fellowship; PEO Scholar Award; NSF-IGERT [DGE-1144752] FX We gratefully acknowledge project support for SKC by a McIntire-Stennis Fellowship, PEO Scholar Award, and NSF-IGERT award DGE-1144752: Novel ecosystems, rapid change, and no-analog conditions: the future of biodiversity conservation in human-dominated landscapes. We thank A. Runyard, V. Nyayapathi, and B. Lankella for Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources protected lands data, and D. Granholm for information on the US Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System. We thank A Fayram, S. Martinuzzi, M. Clayton, A. Rissman, D. Mladenoff, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback and comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 192 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.013 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY6TB UT WOS:000366540600016 ER PT J AU Klymus, KE Richter, CA Chapman, DC Paukert, C AF Klymus, Katy E. Richter, Catherine A. Chapman, Duane C. Paukert, Craig TI A reply to Iversen et al.'s comment "Monitoring of animal abundance by environmental DNA - An increasingly obscure perspective" SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Klymus, Katy E.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Oregon, OH 43606 USA. [Richter, Catherine A.; Chapman, Duane C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Paukert, Craig] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Klymus, KE (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Oregon, OH 43606 USA. EM katy.klymus@utoledo.edu; CRichter@usgs.gov; dchapman@usgs.gov; paukertc@missouri.edu OI Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 192 BP 481 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.025 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY6TB UT WOS:000366540600056 ER PT J AU Ball, JL Stauffer, PH Calder, ES Valentine, GA AF Ball, Jessica L. Stauffer, Philip H. Calder, Eliza S. Valentine, Greg A. TI The hydrothermal alteration of cooling lava domes SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrothermal alteration; Lava dome; Lava dome collapse; Numerical modeling ID CASITA-VOLCANO; UNZEN VOLCANO; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; GUADELOUPE-VOLCANO; SOUFRIERE VOLCANO; LESSER-ANTILLES; FLANK-COLLAPSE; HEAT-TRANSPORT; MOUNT-RAINIER; NEW-ZEALAND AB Hydrothermal alteration is a recognized cause of volcanic instability and edifice collapse, including that of lava domes or dome complexes. Alteration by percolating fluids transforms primary minerals in dome lavas to weaker secondary products such as clay minerals; moreover, secondary mineral precipitation can affect the porosity and permeability of dome lithologies. The location and intensity of alteration in a dome depend heavily on fluid pathways and availability in conjunction with heat supply. Here we investigate postemplacement lava dome weakening by hydrothermal alteration using a finite element numerical model of water migration in simplified dome geometries. This is combined with the rock alteration index (RAI) to predict zones of alteration and secondary mineral precipitation. Our results show that alteration potential is highest at the interface between the hot core of a lava dome and its clastic talus carapace. The longest lived alteration potential fields occur in domes with persistent heat sources and permeabilities that allow sufficient infiltration of water for alteration processes, but not so much that domes cool quickly. This leads us to conclude that alteration-induced collapses are most likely to be shallow seated and originate in the talus or talus/core interface in domes which have a sustained supply of magmatic heat. Mineral precipitation at these zones of permeability contrast could create barriers to fluid flow, potentially causing gas pressurization which might promote deeper seated and larger volume collapses. This study contributes to our knowledge of how hydrothermal alteration can affect lava domes and provides constraints on potential sites for alteration-related collapses, which can be used to target hazard monitoring. C1 [Ball, Jessica L.; Valentine, Greg A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Ball, Jessica L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stauffer, Philip H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Calder, Eliza S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Ball, JL (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, 411 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM jlball@usgs.gov OI Ball, Jessica/0000-0002-7837-8180; Stauffer, Philip/0000-0002-6976-221X FU National Science Foundation [1010210, 1228217]; University at Buffalo Center For Geohazards Studies FX This manuscript benefited greatly from the comments by J. White and two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship 1010210, National Science Foundation Award 1228217, and a scholarship from the University at Buffalo Center For Geohazards Studies. Numerical modeling was performed with the Los Alamos National Laboratory's Subsurface Flow and Transport Team and the University at Buffalo's Center for Computational Research. NR 93 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 77 IS 12 AR 102 DI 10.1007/s00445-015-0986-z PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CY8CD UT WOS:000366635200005 ER PT J AU Grimes, CB Wooden, JL Cheadle, MJ John, BE AF Grimes, C. B. Wooden, J. L. Cheadle, M. J. John, B. E. TI "Fingerprinting" tectono-magmatic provenance using trace elements in igneous zircon SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zircon; Immobile element geochemistry; SHRIMP-RG; SIMS; Provenance; Trace elements ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIOS; OLD DETRITAL ZIRCONS; ALID VOLCANIC CENTER; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; OCEANIC-CRUST; JACK-HILLS; SPREADING RIDGE; GEOCHEMICAL MORPHOLOGY AB Over 5300 recent SHRIMP-RG analyses of trace elements (TE) in igneous zircon have been compiled and classified based on their original tectono-magmatic setting to empirically evaluate "geochemical fingerprints" unique to those settings. Immobile element geochemical fingerprints used for lavas are applied with the same rational to zircon, including consideration of mineral competition on zircon TE ratios, and new criteria for distinguishing mid-ocean ridge (MOR), magmatic arc, and ocean island (and other plume-influenced) settings are proposed. The elemental ratios in zircon effective for fingerprinting tectono-magmatic provenance are systematically related to lava composition from equivalent settings. Existing discrimination diagrams using zircon U/Yb versus Hf or Y do not distinguish TE-enriched ocean island settings (i.e., Iceland, Hawaii) from magmatic arc settings. However, bivariate diagrams with combined cation ratios involving U-Nb-Sc-Yb-Gd-Ce provide a more complete distinction of zircon from these settings. On diagrams of U/Yb versus Nb/Yb, most MOR, ocean island, and kimberlite zircon define a broad "mantle-zircon array"; arc zircon defines a parallel array offset to higher U/Yb. Distinctly low U/Yb ratios of MOR zircon (typically <0.1) mirror their parental magmas and long-term incompatible element depletion of the MORB mantle. Plume-influenced sources are distinguished from MOR by higher U/Yb, U/Nb, Nb/Yb, and Nb/Sc. For zircon with U/Yb >0.1, high Sc/Yb separates arc settings from low-Sc/Yb plume-influenced sources. The slope of scandium enrichment trends in zircon differ between MOR and continental arc settings, likely reflecting the involvement of amphibole during melt differentiation. Scandium is thus also critical for discriminating provenance, but its behavior in zircon probably reflects contrasting melt fractionation trends between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline systems more than compositional differences in primitive magmas sourced at each tectono-magmatic source. C1 [Grimes, C. B.] Ohio Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Wooden, J. L.] Stanford Univ, SHRIMP Lab, US Geol Survey, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cheadle, M. J.; John, B. E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Grimes, CB (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM grimesc1@ohio.edu FU Dept. of Geosciences, Mississippi State University; NSF-EAR [1305609]; NSF OCE [0960251, 0752558, 0352054, 055046] FX The authors thank the Division of Petrology and Volcanology, Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution for access to samples from the Oman ophiolite, from the collection of Debra Stakes. This research also used samples provided by the ODP and IODP. We thank the captains and crews the JOIDES Resolution, R/V Atlantis, and DSRV Alvin and Jason on the MAR-VEL2000 cruise, the Knorr Cruise 180-2 along with shipboard parties on ODP Legs 176, 209, and IODP Exp. 304/305. Compiled analyses were partly funded through support from the Dept. of Geosciences, Mississippi State University and NSF-EAR 1305609 (Grimes), and NSF OCE Grants 0960251, 0752558, 0352054 and 055046 (Cheadle and John). Discussions with Matt Coble about SHRIMP methodology and trace element characterization was greatly appreciated, and we are thankful for his supportive efforts to document the SHRIMP zircon TiTE method. Brad Ito is thanked for his many years of keeping the SHRIMP-RG capable of running 24/7 and producing high-quality data. Frank Mazdab is acknowledged for his interest in mineral trace element compositions and his desire to see how many elements he could measure with the SHRIMP-RG. His skill at producing doped synthetic zircons and calibrating their compositions led to the compositional characterization of standards CZ3 and MAD zircon. Jorge Vazquez is acknowledged for providing zircon geochemistry from Hualalai, Hawaii and many helpful discussions that improved this manuscript. Wayne Premo and Doug Morton provided the zircon samples and accompanying geochemistry for the Peninsular Range zircon that were such a valuable resource for this paper for characterizing a marginal continental arc. Jon Blundy is acknowledged for rock samples used from the southern Adamello Batholith (Italy). Andy Barth has attempted to educate Wooden for three decades about Mesozoic magmatism in the western USA and provided innumerable samples and co-generated zircon TE data (published and unpublished) that contributed significantly to the work presented here. Barth and Ken Tani are also thanked for discussions regarding zircon data from the Izu-Bonin-Mariana island arc system. Calvin Miller and his students at Vanderbilt, esp. Tamara Carley, are thanked for many years of cooperative work that also generated important databases utilized in this work. We thank the many guest workers of the SUMAC facility on which zircon TE was collected and the resultant subsequent scientific discussions which have contributed directly and indirectly to this paper. Wooden thanks the US Geological Survey for its support of the SHRIMP-RG facility and its USGS personnel often during difficult times for the organization. The facility would not have achieved its many accomplishments and sustained productivity without this stabilizing support. Comments from two anonymous reviewers were appreciated and helped improve this manuscript. NR 97 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 10 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 EI 1432-0967 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 170 IS 5-6 AR UNSP 46 DI 10.1007/s00410-015-1199-3 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA CZ0OP UT WOS:000366805800006 ER PT J AU Keevin, TM Nico, LG Taphorn, DC AF Keevin, Thomas M. Nico, Leo G. Taphorn, Donald C. TI Jamie Edward Thomerson (1935-2015) OBITUARY SO COPEIA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Keevin, Thomas M.] US Army Corps Engineers, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Nico, Leo G.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Keevin, TM (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, 1222 Spruce St, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM Keevintm@yahoo.com; lnico@usgs.gov; Taphorn@gmail.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC PY 2015 VL 103 IS 4 BP 1096 EP 1101 DI 10.1643/OT-15-331 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CY8SX UT WOS:000366679700026 ER PT J AU Heim, KC Wipfli, MS Whitman, MS Arp, CD Adams, J Falke, JA AF Heim, Kurt C. Wipfli, Mark S. Whitman, Matthew S. Arp, Christopher D. Adams, Jeff Falke, Jeffrey A. TI Seasonal cues of Arctic grayling movement in a small Arctic stream: the importance of surface water connectivity SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Arctic grayling; Movement; Migration; Arctic Coastal Plain; Environmental cues; Seasonality ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; BROOK TROUT; FRESH-WATER; INTERMITTENT-STREAM; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; COASTAL-PLAIN; FLOW REGIMES; FISH AB In Arctic ecosystems, freshwater fish migrate seasonally between productive shallow water habitats that freeze in winter and deep overwinter refuge in rivers and lakes. How these movements relate to seasonal hydrology is not well understood. We used passive integrated transponder tags and stream wide antennae to track 1035 Arctic grayling in Crea Creek, a seasonally flowing beaded stream on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska. Migration of juvenile and adult fish into Crea Creek peaked in June immediately after ice break-up in the stream. Fish that entered the stream during periods of high flow and cold stream temperature traveled farther upstream than those entering during periods of lower flow and warmer temperature. We used generalized linear models to relate migration of adult and juvenile fish out of Crea Creek to hydrology. Most adults migrated in late June - early July, and there was best support (Akaike weight = 0.46; w (i) ) for a model indicating that the rate of migration increased with decreasing discharge. Juvenile migration occurred in two peaks; the early peak consisted of larger juveniles and coincided with adult migration, while the later peak occurred shortly before freeze-up in September and included smaller juveniles. A model that included discharge, minimum stream temperature, year, season, and mean size of potential migrants was most strongly supported (w (i) = 0.86). Juvenile migration rate increased sharply as daily minimum stream temperature decreased, suggesting fish respond to impending freeze-up. We found fish movements to be intimately tied to the strong seasonality of discharge and temperature, and demonstrate the importance of small stream connectivity for migratory Arctic grayling during the entire open-water period. The ongoing and anticipated effects of climate change and petroleum development on Arctic hydrology (e.g. reduced stream connectivity, earlier peak flows, increased evapotranspiration) have important implications for Arctic freshwater ecosystems. C1 [Heim, Kurt C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.; Falke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Whitman, Matthew S.] US Bur Land Management, Arctic Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Arp, Christopher D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Adams, Jeff] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Habitat Restorat Branch, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Heim, KC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall,POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM kurtcheim@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Bureau of Land Management FX This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. Additional support for collection of hydrologic data used in this study was provided by the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative and the National Science Foundation's Alaska EPSCoR (IIA-1208927). Thanks to A. Seitz and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions on earlier drafts of this manuscript, J. McFarland for helping with many aspects of fieldwork, field technicians L. Flynn, N. Sather (who also provided the image for Fig. 1), L. Vanden Busch, and S. Yokom, and to M. Heim for her continued encouragement. This work was conducted under IACUC protocols #309893. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2015 VL 99 IS 1 BP 49 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s10641-015-0453-x PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CY6FB UT WOS:000366502600006 ER PT J AU Tennant, LB Gresswell, RE Guy, CS Meeuwig, MH AF Tennant, Lora B. Gresswell, Robert E. Guy, Christopher S. Meeuwig, Michael H. TI Spawning and rearing behavior of bull trout in a headwater lake ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Bull trout; Life history; Stream habitat; Spawning; Rearing ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; MIGRATION PATTERNS; MONTANA STREAMS; LIFE-HISTORY; REDD COUNTS; IDAHO; POPULATIONS AB Numerous life histories have been documented for bull trout Salvelinus confluentus. Lacustrine-adfluvial bull trout populations that occupy small, headwater lake ecosystems and migrate short distances to natal tributaries to spawn are likely common; however, much of the research on potamodromous bull trout has focused on describing the spawning and rearing characteristics of bull trout populations that occupy large rivers and lakes and make long distance spawning migrations to natal headwater streams. This study describes the spawning and rearing characteristics of lacustrine-adfluvial bull trout in the Quartz Lake drainage, Glacier National Park, USA, a small headwater lake ecosystem. Many spawning and rearing characteristics of bull trout in the Quartz Lake drainage are similar to potamodromous bull trout that migrate long distances. For example, subadult bull trout distribution was positively associated with slow-water habitat unit types and maximum wetted width, and negatively associated with increased stream gradient. Bull trout spawning also occurred when water temperatures were between 5 and 9 A degrees C, and redds were generally located in stream segments with low stream gradient and abundant gravel and cobble substrates. However, this study also elucidated characteristics of bull trout biology that are not well documented in the literature, but may be relatively widespread and have important implications regarding general characteristics of bull trout ecology, use of available habitat by bull trout, and persistence of lacustrine-adfluvial bull trout in small headwater lake ecosystems. C1 [Tennant, Lora B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Gresswell, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Meeuwig, Michael H.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Tennant, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tennant.lora@gmail.com FU Glacier Institute FX This project was funded by The Glacier Institute. Glacier National Park arranged logistical support and housing for field staff. Wade Fredenberg, Bill Michels, and Chris Downs provided important insight about the study area. Amber Steed and Jan Boyer assisted with data collection in the field. Kim Jones and four anonymous reviewers provided insightful feedback of a previous draft of this manuscript. This work was conducted under IACUC guidelines. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2015 VL 99 IS 1 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s10641-015-0461-x PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CY6FB UT WOS:000366502600011 ER PT J AU Ciparis, S Phipps, A Soucek, DJ Zipper, CE Jones, JW AF Ciparis, Serena Phipps, Andrew Soucek, David J. Zipper, Carl E. Jones, Jess W. TI Effects of environmentally relevant mixtures of major ions on a freshwater mussel SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Conductivity; Mining; Appalachian; Bivalve; Unionidae ID DIFFERENT SALINITY LEVELS; GAS PRODUCED WATERS; ACUTE TOXICITY; CLINCH RIVER; PARATYA-AUSTRALIENSIS; LAMPSILIS-SILIQUOIDEA; RECONSTITUTED WATERS; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; SEDIMENT QUALITY AB The Clinch and Powell Rivers (Virginia, USA) support diverse mussel assemblages. Extensive coal mining occurs in both watersheds. In large reaches of both rivers, major ion concentrations are elevated and mussels have been extirpated or are declining. We conducted a laboratory study to assess major ion effects on growth and survival of juvenile Villosa iris. Mussels were exposed to pond water and diluted pond water with environmentally relevant major ion mixtures for 55 days. Two treatments were tested to mimic low-flow concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, HCO3+, K+ and Cl- in the Clinch and Powell Rivers, total ion concentrations of 419 mg/L and 942 mg/L, respectively. Mussel survival (>90%) and growth in the two treatments showed little variation, and were not significantly different than in diluted pond water (control). Results suggest that major ion chronic toxicity is not the primary cause for mussel declines in the Clinch and Powell Rivers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ciparis, Serena; Phipps, Andrew] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Soucek, David J.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Zipper, Carl E.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jones, Jess W.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ciparis, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, 106a Cheatham Hall,MC 0321,310 W Campus Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM sciparis@vt.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FX We thank Charles Cravotta, U.S. Geological Survey, for advice concerning water chemistry; Athena Tilley, Robert Krenz, Kaitlin Ranger, Anna Delapenta, and William Henley for laboratory assistance; Patricia Donovan for map preparation; and Roger Stewart for providing Virginia DEQ water monitoring data and pond water characterization. This study was funded, in part, by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The views expressed in this article are the authors' and do not necessarily represent those of USFWS. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 207 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.023 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY7VN UT WOS:000366617500033 PM 26412268 ER PT J AU Bethune, J Randell, J Runkel, RL Singha, K AF Bethune, James Randell, Jackie Runkel, Robert L. Singha, Kamini TI Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid mine drainage; electrical resistivity; wetland ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; ROCK DRAINAGE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; TRANSPORT; COLORADO; STREAM; SURFACE; WATERS; SITE; ATTENUATION AB Time-lapse electrical resistivity (ER) was used to capture the dilution of a seasonal pulse of acid mine drainage (AMD) contamination in the subsurface of a wetland downgradient of the abandoned Pennsylvania mine workings in central Colorado. Data were collected monthly from mid-July to late October of 2013, with an additional dataset collected in June of 2014. Inversion of the ER data shows the development through time of multiple resistive anomalies in the subsurface, which corroborating data suggest are driven by changes in total dissolved solids (TDS) localized in preferential flow pathways. Sensitivity analyses on a synthetic model of the site suggest that the anomalies would need tube at least several meters in diameter to be adequately resolved by the inversions. The existence of preferential flow paths would have a critical impact on the extent of attenuation mechanisms at the site, and their further characterization could be used to parameterize reactive transport models in developing quantitative predictions of remediation strategies. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bethune, James; Randell, Jackie; Singha, Kamini] Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Runkel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bethune, J (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM james.c.bethune@gmail.com FU NSF [EAR-0,747,629]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This study was funded in part by NSF grant EAR-0,747,629. Site access was permitted by the U.S. Forest Service, in particular through Paul Semmer and Brian Lloyd. Dr. Rob Runkel's time was supported through the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Dr. Alexis Navarre-Sitchler provided helpful guidance throughout the project. Many people put in long hours in the field to make this work possible. In particular, CSM graduate students Ben Bader, Skuyler Herzog, Emmanuel Padilla, and Michael Sanders were of tremendous assistance. The authors would also like to thank Dr. David Benson, Dr. Katie Walton-Day, Dr. Stan Church, Mark Rudolph, and Jeff Graves for their guidance. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 183 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.10.002 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA CY6SQ UT WOS:000366539500003 PM 26529300 ER PT J AU Ng, EL Fredericks, JP Quist, MC AF Ng, Elizabeth L. Fredericks, Jim P. Quist, Michael C. TI Effects of Gill-Net Trauma, Barotrauma, and Deep Release on Postrelease Mortality of Lake Trout SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE barotrauma; gill-net trauma; postrelease mortality; lake trout ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MIXED MODELS; FISH; SURVIVAL; SALMON; DECOMPRESSION; POPULATION; RECOVERY; ROCKFISH; CAPTURE AB Unaccounted postrelease mortality violates assumptions of many fisheries studies, thereby biasing parameter estimates and reducing efficiency. We evaluated effects of gill-net trauma, barotrauma, and deep-release treatment on postrelease mortality of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Lake trout were captured at depths up to 65 m with gill nets in Priest Lake, Idaho, and held in a large enclosure for 10-12 d. Postrelease mortality was the same for surface-release-and deep-release-treated fish (41%). Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to evaluate effects of intrinsic and environmental factors on the probability of mortality. Presence of gill-net trauma and degree of barotrauma were associated with increased probability of postrelease mortality. Smaller fish were also more likely to suffer postrelease mortality. On average, deep-release treatment did not reduce postrelease mortality, but effectiveness of treatment increased with fish length. Of the environmental factors evaluated, only elapsed time between lifting the first and last anchors of a gill-net gang (i.e., lift time) was significantly related to postrelease mortality. Longer lift times, which may allow ascending lake trout to acclimate to depressurization, were associated with lower postrelease mortality rates. Our study suggests that postrelease mortality may be higher than previously assumed for lake trout because mortality continues after 48 h. In future studies, postrelease mortality could be reduced by increasing gill-net lift times and increasing mesh size used to increase length of fish captured. C1 [Ng, Elizabeth L.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Fredericks, Jim P.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Ng, EL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ng1262@vandals.uidaho.edu FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act; Kalispel Tribe of Indians; U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Idaho; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game FX Funding for this project was provided by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act and by the Kalispel Tribe of Indians. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. This project was conducted under the University of Idaho Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol 2012-22. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.3996/122014-JFWM-096 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY8TT UT WOS:000366681900001 ER PT J AU Thorne, KM Buffington, KJ Elliott-Fisk, DL Takekawa, JY AF Thorne, Karen M. Buffington, Kevin J. Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L. Takekawa, John Y. TI Tidal Marsh Susceptibility to Sea-Level Rise: Importance of Local-Scale Models SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE climate change; endangered species; marsh; sea-level rise; resilience; San Francisco Bay; wetland ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALT-MARSH; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; VERTICAL ACCRETION; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; BLACK RAILS; HOME-RANGE; CALIFORNIA; IMPACTS AB Increasing concern over sea-level rise impacts to coastal tidal marsh ecosystems has led to modeling efforts to anticipate outcomes for resource management decision making. Few studies on the Pacific coast of North America have modeled sea-level rise marsh susceptibility at a scale relevant to local wildlife populations and plant communities. Here, we use a novel approach in developing an empirical sea-level rise ecological response model that can be applied to key management questions. Calculated elevation change over 13 y for a 324-ha portion of San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge, California, USA, was used to represent local accretion and subsidence processes. Next, we coupled detailed plant community and elevation surveys with measured rates of inundation frequency to model marsh state changes to 2100. By grouping plant communities into low, mid, and high marsh habitats, we were able to assess wildlife species vulnerability and to better understand outcomes for habitat resiliency. Starting study-site conditions were comprised of 78% (253-ha) high marsh, 7% (30-ha) mid marsh, and 4% (18-ha) low marsh habitats, dominated by pickleweed Sarcocornia pacifica and cordgrass Spartina spp. Only under the low sea-level rise scenario (44 cm by 2100) did our models show persistence of some marsh habitats to 2100, with the area dominated by low marsh habitats. Under mid (93 cm by 2100) and high sea-level rise scenarios (166 cm by 2100), most mid and high marsh habitat was lost by 2070, with only 15% (65 ha) remaining, and a complete loss of these habitats by 2080. Low marsh habitat increased temporarily under all three sea-level rise scenarios, with the peak (286 ha) in 2070, adding habitat for the endemic endangered California Ridgway's rail Rallus obsoletus obsoletus. Under mid and high sea-level rise scenarios, an almost complete conversion to mudflat occurred, with most of the area below mean sea level. Our modeling assumed no marsh migration upslope due to human levee and infrastructure preventing these types of processes. Other modeling efforts done for this area have projected marsh persistence to 2100, but our modeling effort with site-specific datasets allowed us to model at a finer resolution with much higher local confidence, resulting in different results for management. Our results suggest that projected sea-level rise will have significant impacts on marsh plant communities and obligate wildlife, including those already under federal and state protection. Comprehensive modeling as done here improves the potential to implement adaptive management strategies and prevent marsh habitat and wildlife loss in the future. C1 [Thorne, Karen M.; Buffington, Kevin J.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Thorne, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM kthorne@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center; U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey Native American Internship Program; University of California-Davis; Jastro-Shields Research Award; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology Selma Herr Dissertation improvement grant; Geography Graduate Group FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, the U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, and the U.S. Geological Survey Native American Internship Program for funding support. We also thank the University of California-Davis, Geography Graduate Group, Jastro-Shields Research Award, and the Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology Selma Herr Dissertation improvement grant for funding and assistance NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 54 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 290 EP 304 DI 10.3996/062014-JFWM-048 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY8TT UT WOS:000366681900003 ER PT J AU Grisham, BA Boal, CW Mitchell, NR Gicklhorn, TS Borsdorf, PK Haukos, DA Dixon, CE AF Grisham, Blake A. Boal, Clint W. Mitchell, Natasia R. Gicklhorn, Trevor S. Borsdorf, Philip K. Haukos, David A. Dixon, Charles E. TI Evaluation of Capture Techniques on Lesser Prairie-Chicken Trap Injury and Survival SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE capture; drop net; lesser prairie-chicken; rocket net; shinnery oak prairie; survival; walk-in funnel ID MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY AB Ethical treatment of research animals is required under the Animal Welfare Act. This includes trapping methodologies that reduce unnecessary pain and duress. Traps used in research should optimize animal welfare conditions within the context of the proposed research study. Several trapping techniques are used in the study of lesser prairie-chickens, despite lack of knowledge of trap injury caused by the various methods. From 2006 to 2012, we captured 217, 40, and 144 lesser prairie-chickens Tympanuchus pallidicinctus using walk-in funnel traps, rocket nets, and drop nets, respectively, in New Mexico and Texas, to assess the effects of capture technique on injury and survival of the species. We monitored radiotagged, injured lesser prairie-chickens 7-65 d postcapture to assess survival rates of injured individuals. Injuries occurred disproportionately among trap type, injury type, and sex. The predominant injuries were superficial cuts to the extremities of males captured in walk-in funnel traps. However, we observed no mortalities due to trapping, postcapture survival rates of injured birds did not vary across trap types, and the daily survival probability of an injured and uninjured bird was >= 99%. Frequency and intensity of injuries in walk-in funnel traps are due to the passive nature of these traps (researcher cannot select specific individuals for capture) and incidental capture of individuals not needed for research. Comparatively, rocket nets and drop nets allow observers to target birds for capture and require immediate removal of captured individuals from the trap. Based on our results, trap injuries would be reduced if researchers monitor and immediately remove birds from walk-in funnels before they injure themselves; move traps to target specific birds and reduce recaptures; limit the number of consecutive trapping days on a lek; and use proper netting techniques that incorporate quick, efficient, trained handling procedures. C1 [Grisham, Blake A.; Mitchell, Natasia R.; Gicklhorn, Trevor S.; Borsdorf, Philip K.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dixon, Charles E.] Wildlife Plus Consulting, Alto, NM 88312 USA. RP Grisham, BA (reprint author), Illinois Dept Nat Resources, 301 S Date St, Gibson City, IL 60936 USA. EM blake.grisham@ttu.edu FU Grasslans Charitable Foundation; Texas Tech Department of Natural Resources Management; U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Nature Conservancy FX Financial and logistical support was provided by The Grasslans Charitable Foundation, Texas Tech Department of Natural Resources Management, U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative, and The Nature Conservancy. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 318 EP 326 DI 10.3996/032015-JFWM-022 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY8TT UT WOS:000366681900005 ER PT J AU Jones, JW Johnson, N Grobler, P Schilling, D Neves, RJ Hallerman, EM AF Jones, Jess W. Johnson, Nathan Grobler, Paul Schilling, Daniel Neves, Richard J. Hallerman, Eric M. TI Endangered Rough Pigtoe Pearlymussel: Assessment of Phylogenetic Status and Genetic Differentiation of Two Disjunct Populations SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Rough pigtoe; Pleurobema plenum; endangered species; freshwater mussel; mitochondrial DNA; nuclear DNA microsatellites ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; INTEGRATED SOFTWARE; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; CONSERVATION; AMBLEMINAE; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; GENERA; DNA AB We conducted a genetic characterization of two extant populations of an endangered freshwater mussel, the rough pigtoe Pleurobema plenum, in the Clinch River, Tennessee of the Tennessee River basin, and the Green River, Kentucky, of the Ohio River basin for purposes of conservation recovery planning. First, phylogenetic status of this species within the Pleurobema cordatum species complex (P. cordatum, plenum, rubrum, sintoxia) was assessed using mitochondrial ND1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences, which showed that all investigated species of Pleurobema are genetically distinct. Our results indicated that P. cordatum, P. plenum, P. rubrum, and P. sintoxia each represent monophyletic clades; however, the latter two species were closely related, separated by only one to three nucleotide differences. Further, DNA sequence haplotypes from both populations of P. plenum grouped together into one monophyletic clade and did not support characterizing the populations as separate species. Thus, our phylogenetic analysis confirms that populations of P. plenum in the Clinch and Green rivers are the same species. Second, we assessed genetic differentiation between P. plenum populations in each river by analyzing variation at eight nuclear DNA microsatellite loci, where F-ST (= 0.023) and Jost's D (= 0.175) indicated genetically differentiated populations. Because these populations are geographically and demographically independent, and differentiated at nuclear microsatellite loci, recognition as management units is recommended. Additional studies are needed to determine whether there are differences at adaptiveor life-history traits, such as fish host usage, shell morphology, and soft anatomy between populations, and to further investigate the phylogenetic relationship of P. rubrum and P. sintoxia. C1 [Jones, Jess W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Johnson, Nathan; Schilling, Daniel; Neves, Richard J.; Hallerman, Eric M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Grobler, Paul] Univ Orange Free State, Dept Genet, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM Jess_Jones@fws.gov OI Johnson, Nathan/0000-0001-5167-1988 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Frankfort, Kentucky; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture FX Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Frankfort, Kentucky. We thank Dr. Monte McGregor, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Leroy Koch, USFWS, and Dr. Cheryl Morrison, U.S. Geological Survey-Biological Resources Division (USGS BRD) for their assistance in collecting mussel tissue samples from the Green River, Kentucky. We thank Dr. Tim King, USGS BRD, and his laboratory colleagues for allowing access to unpublished DNA microsatellite primers developed for Pleurobema clava. In addition, we thank Melissa Petty, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, for assisting with laboratory analysis of DNA microsatellites. We thank the Associate Editor, two anonymous reviewers, and Bob Butler (USFWS), Asheville, North Carolina, for their helpful comments to improve the manuscript. Funding for E.M.H.'s participation was provided in part by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 338 EP 349 DI 10.3996/052013-JFWM-036 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY8TT UT WOS:000366681900007 ER PT J AU Smith, CD Quist, MC Hardy, RS AF Smith, Christopher D. Quist, Michael C. Hardy, Ryan S. TI Detection Probabilities of Electrofishing, Hoop Nets, and Benthic Trawls for Fishes in Two Western North American Rivers SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fish; detectability; gear comparison; river ID LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; FRESH-WATER BIODIVERSITY; COLORADO RIVER; HABITAT USE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; OCCUPANCY ESTIMATION; FLANNELMOUTH SUCKER; SPECIES RICHNESS; COLUMBIA RIVER; GREAT-PLAINS AB Research comparing different sampling techniques helps improve the efficiency and efficacy of sampling efforts. We compared the effectiveness of three sampling techniques (small-mesh hoop nets, benthic trawls, boat-mounted electrofishing) for 30 species in the Green (WY, USA) and Kootenai (ID, USA) rivers by estimating conditional detection probabilities (probability of detecting a species given its presence at a site). Electrofishing had the highest detection probabilities (generally greater than 0.60) for most species (88%), but hoop nets also had high detectability for several taxa (e.g., adult burbot Lota lota, juvenile northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis). Benthic trawls had low detection probabilities (< 0.05) for most taxa (84%). Gear-specific effects were present for most species indicating large differences in gear effectiveness among techniques. In addition to gear effects, habitat characteristics also influenced detectability of fishes. Most species-specific habitat relationships were idiosyncratic and reflected the ecology of the species. Overall findings of our study indicate that boat-mounted electrofishing and hoop nets are the most effective techniques for sampling fish assemblages in large, coldwater rivers. C1 [Smith, Christopher D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hardy, Ryan S.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. RP Smith, CD (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 23070 North Lakeshore Dr, Glenwood, MN 56334 USA. EM Christopher.d.smith@state.mn.us FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game; U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Idaho; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank C. Brown, D. Donnely, W. Field, K. Griffin, J. Hansen, E. Landers, N. Porter, J. Walrath, C. Watkins, S. Whitlock, and J. Yates for assistance with field research. We also thank C. Gidley, P. Rust, and T.J. Ross of Idaho Department of Fish and Game and R. Keith, T. Neebling, D. Rhea, A. Senecal, and H. Sexauer of Wyoming Game and Fish Department for assistance planning and implementing field work. Assistance with occupancy models was received from J. Nichols of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript were provided by J. Falke and three anonymous reviewers. Funding for the project was provided by Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Idaho, and Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. This project was conducted under the University of Idaho Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 2011-33. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 371 EP 391 DI 10.3996/022015-JFWM-011 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY8TT UT WOS:000366681900010 ER PT J AU Smith, LL Hinderliter, M Taylor, RS Howze, JM AF Smith, Lora L. Hinderliter, Matt Taylor, R. Scott Howze, Jennifer M. TI Recommendation for Gopher Tortoise Burrow Buffer to Avoid Collapse from Heavy Equipment SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE reptile; gopher tortoise; burrow; heavy equipment; management ID HOME RANGE; LAND-USE; POLYPHEMUS; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; GROWTH; FOREST AB Gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) occur in open-canopy pine habitat on well-drained soils in the southeastern United States, where they construct burrows that offer protection from thermal extremes, fire, and predators. Gopher tortoise populations have declined over the past 50 y, primarily as a result of habitat loss and degradation. Southeastern pine forests require active management with prescribed fire, mechanical thinning, or removal of hardwoods to maintain suitable habitat for gopher tortoises. In addition, many pine forests in the Southeast that support gopher tortoise populations are managed for multiple uses including intensive silviculture. Heavy equipment associated with these activities used in proximity to gopher tortoise burrows can cause them to collapse, potentially causing harm to tortoises or other imperiled organisms that use their burrows. Hence, there is a need for practical guidelines for use of heavy equipment for timber harvest, management, and other activities around gopher tortoise burrows to minimize risk to tortoises. We conducted a field study to determine the distance at which heavy equipment caused gopher tortoise burrows to collapse using a feller buncher, rubber-tire front-end loader, and an agricultural tractor with a tree-mower attachment in sandy clay loam (15 burrows) and undifferentiated deep sand (15 burrows) soils at a site in southwestern Georgia. All burrows were confirmed to be unoccupied by tortoises or other vertebrate commensal species using a camera scope before collapse. The greatest mean distance to collapse across all vehicles tested in sandy clay loam and undifferentiated deep sand was 2.19 +/- 0.56 m and the maximum distance to collapse was 3 m. Given the variation in collapse distance, were commend a buffer that extends 4 m in radius from the entrance of the gopher tortoise burrow to minimize risk of collapse from heavy equipment. C1 [Smith, Lora L.; Taylor, R. Scott; Howze, Jennifer M.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Hinderliter, Matt] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. RP Smith, LL (reprint author), Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, 3988 Jones Ctr Dr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. EM lora.smith@jonesctr.org FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources FX Funding for this study was provided by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. We thank Scott Smith, Michelina Dziadzio, Sonia Miller Smith, Jerry Wade, and Rex Hudgins for assistance with field data collection. C. Kenneth Dodd, John Jensen, the Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved an earlier version of this manuscript. Liz Cox assisted with locating and formatting references. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 32 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 456 EP 463 DI 10.3996/062015-JFWM-055 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY8TT UT WOS:000366681900018 ER PT J AU Fronczak, DL Andersen, DE Hanna, EE Cooper, TR AF Fronczak, David L. Andersen, David E. Hanna, Everett E. Cooper, Thomas R. TI Annual Survival Rate Estimate of Satellite Transmitter-Marked Eastern Population Greater Sandhill Cranes SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE survival; Eastern Population; annual; satellite telemetry; known-fate; sandhill crane ID MORTALITY AB Several surveys have documented the increasing population size and geographic distribution of Eastern Population greater sandhill cranes Grus canadensis tabida since the 1960s. Sport hunting of this population of sandhill cranes started in 2012 following the provisions of the Eastern Population Sandhill Crane Management Plan. However, there are currently no published estimates of Eastern Population sandhill crane survival rate that can be used to inform harvest management. As part of two studies of Eastern Population sandhill crane migration, we deployed solar-powered global positioning system platform transmitting terminals on Eastern Population sandhill cranes (n = 42) at key concentration areas from 2009 to 2012. We estimated an annual survival rate for Eastern Population sandhill cranes from data resulting from monitoring these cranes by using the known-fates model in the MARK program. Estimated annual survival rate for adult Eastern Population sandhill cranes was 0.950 (95% confidence interval = 0.885-0.979) during December 2009-August 2014. All fatalities (n = 5) occurred after spring migration in late spring and early summer. We were unable to determine cause of death for crane fatalities in our study. Our survival rate estimate will be useful when combined with other population parameters such as the population index derived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service fall survey, harvest, and recruitment rates to assess the effects of harvest on population size and trend and evaluate the effectiveness of management strategies. C1 [Fronczak, David L.; Cooper, Thomas R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hanna, Everett E.] Long Point Waterfowl, Port Rowan, ON N0E 1M0, Canada. RP Fronczak, DL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 5600 Amer Blvd West,Suite 960, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. EM dave_fronczak@fws.gov FU USFWS, Webless Migratory Game Bird Program; USGS, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; USFWS, Region 3, Migratory Bird Management Office; Long Point Waterfowl; S.C. Johnsons and Son Ltd.; Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters; Canadian Wildlife Service; Wildlife Habitat Canada; TD Friends of the Environment Foundation; Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; USGS Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Minnesota FX This research was supported by the USFWS, Webless Migratory Game Bird Program; the USGS, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center and Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; the USFWS, Region 3, Migratory Bird Management Office; Long Point Waterfowl; S.C. Johnsons and Son Ltd.; the Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters; the Canadian Wildlife Service; Wildlife Habitat Canada, and the TD Friends of the Environment Foundation.; We thank D. Brandt, P. Link, R. Klippel, J. Jackson, B. Swiney, S. Shelby, J. Womac, B. Layton, D. Sherman, B. Feaster, A. Phelps, R. Ronk, J. Bergens, J. Gilbert, E. Carroll, R. Knopick, W. Delks, V. Clarkston, E. Hockman, C. Trosen, A. Johnson, C. Kanke, P. Peterson, S. Zudrow, T. Paulson, W. Tamminga, J. Brunjes, E. Harper, L. Armstrong, T. White, M. Morse, S. Bossuyt, M. Bossuyt, A. Dhamorikar, J. E. Hanna, K. Weaver, and S. Petrie for field assistance. We thank R. Russell and R. Brook for comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. We also thank the Associate Editor, and the two anonymous reviewers from the Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management for constructive suggestions for improving the manuscript. The project was supported through Research Work Order 86 at the USGS Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Minnesota. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 16 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 464 EP 471 DI 10.3996/042015-JFWM-035 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY8TT UT WOS:000366681900019 ER PT J AU Ray, JDM Sethi, SA Eiler, JH Joyce, JE AF Ray, James D. M. Sethi, Suresh A. Eiler, John H. Joyce, John E. TI Prespawning Movements and Spawning Distribution of Sockeye Salmon in an Urbanizing Alaskan Lake SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lake habitat; land use; movement; sockeye salmon; spawning distribution; staging behavior ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DIFFERENTIATION; BEHAVIOR; RIVER AB The efficacy of fish habitat conservation in land planning processes in Alaska is often constrained by the extent of current knowledge of fish distributions and habitat use. In response to requests for information from land and salmon resource management stakeholders regarding Auke Lake sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) status and life history, we examined the prespawning movements and spawning distribution of adult sockeye salmon to provide ecological information needed for Auke Lake watershed management. We used radiotelemetry to track the movements of 80 fish in the Auke Lake watershed during 2012. The prespawning distribution of the fish was not random, indicating five spatially and temporally distinct high-use staging areas within the lake. The Auke Lake sockeye salmon population was dominated by stream-spawning fish (98.5%), with minimal lakeshore spawning (1.5%) observed in association with a small intermittent tributary of the lake. The prespawning distribution patterns identified in this study corroborate observations from Auke Lake 20 y ago, indicating consistent habitat use patterns by sockeye salmon in the lake. Telemetry data also indicate 12% of sockeye salmon expired in Auke Lake without spawning and that 14% of stream-spawning fish were preyed upon by black bear (Usrus americanus). The prespawning and spawning behavior by Auke Lake sockeye salmon suggest that discrete lake staging areas and stream spawning beds are important candidate habitats for protection during the land planning process for shoreline development surrounding the lake. C1 [Ray, James D. M.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Aquaculture & Bay Management, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. [Sethi, Suresh A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Eiler, John H.; Joyce, John E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Ray, JDM (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Aquaculture & Bay Management, 619 Second St, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. EM James.Ray@wildlife.ca.gov FU Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund FX This project was funded under the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund with additional contributions from the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 472 EP 485 DI 10.3996/112014-JFWM-083 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY8TT UT WOS:000366681900020 ER PT J AU McKee, AM Calhoun, DL Barichivich, WJ Spear, SF Goldberg, CS Glenn, TC AF McKee, Anna M. Calhoun, Daniel L. Barichivich, William J. Spear, Stephen F. Goldberg, Caren S. Glenn, Travis C. TI Assessment of Environmental DNA for Detecting Presence of Imperiled Aquatic Amphibian Species in Isolated Wetlands SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma cingulatum; eDNA; Lithobates capito; Notophthalmus perstriatus; quantitative PCR ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; WATER SAMPLES; OCCUPANCY; MACROECOLOGY; SALAMANDERS; EDNA AB Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging tool that allows low-impact sampling for aquatic species by isolating DNA from water samples and screening for DNA sequences specific to species of interest. However, researchers have not tested this method in naturally acidic wetlands that provide breeding habitat for a number of imperiled species, including the frosted salamander (Ambystoma cingulatum), reticulated flatwoods salamanders (Ambystoma bishopi), striped newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus), and gopher frog (Lithobates capito). Our objectives for this study were to develop and optimize eDNA survey protocols and assays to complement and enhance capture-based survey methods for these amphibian species. We collected three or more water samples, dipnetted or trapped larval and adult amphibians, and conducted visual encounter surveys for egg masses for target species at 40 sites on 12 different longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) tracts. We used quantitative PCRs to screen eDNA from each site for target species presence. We detected flatwoods salamanders at three sites with eDNA but did not detect them during physical surveys. Based on the sample location we assumed these eDNA detections to indicate the presence of frosted flatwoods salamanders. We did not detect reticulated flatwoods salamanders. We detected striped newts with physical and eDNA surveys at two wetlands. We detected gopher frogs at 12 sites total, three with eDNA alone, two with physical surveys alone, and seven with physical and eDNA surveys. We detected our target species with eDNA at 9 of 11 sites where they were present as indicated from traditional surveys and at six sites where they were not detected with traditional surveys. It was, however, critical to use at least three water samples per site for eDNA. Our results demonstrate eDNA surveys can be a useful complement to traditional survey methods for detecting imperiled pond-breeding amphibians. Environmental DNA may be particularly useful in situations where detection probability using traditional survey methods is low or access by trained personnel is limited. C1 [McKee, Anna M.; Calhoun, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Barichivich, William J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Spear, Stephen F.] Orianne Soc, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Goldberg, Caren S.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP McKee, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, 1770 Corp Dr,Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM amckee@usgs.gov OI Calhoun, Daniel/0000-0003-2371-6936 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Partnership (SSP); USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative; Georgia Department of Natural Resources FX The authors would like to thank the many people who assisted with providing target species breeding pond locations, physical surveys, water collection, and target and nontarget amphibian species tissue collection: S. Aicher, K. Enge, A. Farmer, D. Fenolio, D. Ferri, J. Guyton, S. Greenspan, P. Hill, E. Hoffman, J. Jensen, J. Linehan, J. Macey, M. Mandica, R. Means, J. Mott, T. Pierson, S. Richter, D. Stevenson, L. Smith, and R. Thorton. We thank E. Lipp for providing access to a low-copy DNA lab and qPCR equipment, and M. Keys, L. Woodward, S. Aicher, and J. Dunlap for their collaboration and assistance obtaining permits to sample wetlands on federal lands. We also thank S. Richter for providing DNA sequences for primer and probe development. Sample collection, processing, and analysis were funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Partnership (SSP), the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative, and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. We thank Tara Chestnut, two anonymous reviewers, and the Associate Editor of the Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management for their invaluable feedback on this manuscript. This is contribution number 474 of the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 55 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 498 EP 510 DI 10.3996/042014-JFWM-034 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY8TT UT WOS:000366681900022 ER PT J AU Camp, RJ Brinck, KW Gorresen, PM Amidon, FA Radley, PM Berkowitz, SP Banko, PC AF Camp, Richard J. Brinck, Kevin W. Gorresen, P. Marcos Amidon, Fred A. Radley, Paul M. Berkowitz, S. Paul Banko, Paul C. TI Current Land Bird Distribution and Trends in Population Abundance Between 1982 and 2012 on Rota, Mariana Islands SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; bird monitoring; Mariana Islands; occupancy; Rota; trend ID PACIFIC ISLAND; WHITE-EYE; FOREST; COMMUNITY; AVIFAUNA; DENSITY; COUNTS; MODELS; RATES AB The western Pacific island of Rota is the fourth largest human-inhabited island in the Mariana archipelago and designated an Endemic Bird Area. Between 1982 and 2012, 12 point-transect distance-sampling surveys were conducted to assess bird population status. Surveys did not consistently sample the entire island; thus, we used a ratio estimator to estimate bird abundances in strata not sampled during every survey. Trends in population size were reliably estimated for 11 of 13 bird species, and 7 species declined over the 30-y time series, including the island collared-dove Streptopelia bitorquata, white-throated ground-dove Gallicolumba xanthonura, Mariana fruit-dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla, collared kingfisher Todiramphus chloris orii, Micronesian myzomela Myzomela rubratra, black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus, and Mariana crow Corvus kubaryi. The endangered Mariana crow ((x) over bar = 81 birds, 95% CI 30-202) declined sharply to fewer than 200 individuals in 2012, down from 1,491 birds in 1982 (95% CI = 815-3,115). Trends increased for white tern Gygis alba, rufous fantail Rhipidura rufifrons mariae, and Micronesian starling Aplonis opaca. Numbers of the endangered Rota white-eye Zosterops rotensis declined from 1982 to the late 1990s but returned to 1980s levels by 2012, resulting in an overall stable trend. Trends for the yellow bittern Ixobrychus sinensis were inconclusive. Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus trends were not assessed; however, their numbers in 1982 and 2012 were similar. Occupancy models of the 2012 survey data revealed general patterns of land cover use and detectability among 12 species that could be reliably modeled. Occupancy was not assessed for the Eurasian tree sparrow because of insufficient detections. Based on the 2012 survey, bird distribution and abundance across Rota revealed three general patterns: 1) range restriction, including Mariana crow, Rota white-eye, and Eurasian tree sparrow; 2) widespread distribution, low abundance, including collared kingfisher, island collared-dove, white-throated ground-dove, Mariana fruit-dove, white tern, yellow bittern, black drongo, and Micronesian myzomela; and 3) widespread distribution, high abundance, including rufous fantail and Micronesian starling. The Mariana crow was dispersed around the periphery of the island in steep forested land-cover types. In contrast, the Rota white-eye was restricted to the high-elevation mesa. Only for the white-throated ground-dove was there a significant difference among cover types, with lower occupancy in open field than in forested areas. Vegetation was included in the best-fit occupancy models for yellow bittern, black drongo, Micronesian myzomela, and Micronesian starling, but vegetation type was not a significant variable nor included in the top models for the remaining five species: white tern, island collared-dove, Mariana fruit-dove, collared kingfisher, and rufous fantail. Given declining population trends, the Rota bird-monitoring program could benefit from establishing threshold and alert limits and identifying alternative research and management actions. Continued monitoring and demographic sampling, in conjunction with ecological studies, are needed to understand why most bird species on Rota are declining, identify the causative agents, and assess effectiveness of conservation actions, especially for the Mariana crow. C1 [Camp, Richard J.; Brinck, Kevin W.; Gorresen, P. Marcos; Berkowitz, S. Paul] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Amidon, Fred A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Banko, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Camp, RJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM rcamp@usgs.gov OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X FU Survey, Monitoring and Assessment Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FY) [IA4500036743]; Wildlife Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for the project was provided through the Survey, Monitoring and Assessment Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FY2012; IA4500036743) and through the Wildlife Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 511 EP 540 DI 10.3996/112014-JFWM-085 PG 30 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY8TT UT WOS:000366681900023 ER PT J AU Irvine, DJ Lautz, LK Briggs, MA Gordon, RP McKenzie, JM AF Irvine, Dylan J. Lautz, Laura K. Briggs, Martin A. Gordon, Ryan P. McKenzie, Jeffrey M. TI Experimental evaluation of the applicability of phase, amplitude, and combined methods to determine water flux and thermal diffusivity from temperature time series using VFLUX 2 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heat tracing; Groundwater-surface water interaction; Thermal diffusivity; Hyporheic; Dynamic harmonic regression ID HEAT; EXCHANGE; RECORDS; PATTERNS; TRACER; STREAM; POINT; FLOW AB Vertical fluid exchange between surface water and groundwater can be estimated using diurnal signals from temperature time series methods based on amplitude ratios (A(r)), phase shifts (Delta phi), or combined use of both (Ar Delta phi). The A(r), Delta phi, and A(r)Delta phi methods are typically applied in conditions where one or more of their underlying assumptions are violated, and the reliability of the various methods in response to non-ideal conditions is unclear. Additionally, A(r)Delta phi methods offer the ability to estimate thermal diffusivity (kappa(e)) without assuming any thermal parameters, although the value of such output has not been broadly tested. The A(r), Delta phi, and A(r)Delta phi methods are tested under non-steady, 1D flows in sand column experiments, and multi-dimensional flows in heterogeneous media in numerical modeling experiments. Results show that, in non-steady flow conditions, estimated kappa(e) values outside of a plausible range for streambed materials (0.028-0.180 m(2) d(-1)) coincide with time periods with erroneous flux estimates. In heterogeneous media, sudden changes of kappa(e) with depth also coincide with erroneous flux estimates. When (known) fluxes are variable in time, poor identification of Delta phi leads to poor flux estimates from Delta phi and A(r)Delta phi methods. However, when fluxes are steady, or near zero, A(r)Delta phi methods provide the most accurate flux estimates. This comparison of A(r), Delta phi and A(r)Delta phi methods under non-ideal conditions provides guidance on their use. In this study, A(r)Delta phi methods have been coded into a new version of VFLUX, allowing users easy access to recent advances in heat tracing. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Irvine, Dylan J.; Lautz, Laura K.; Gordon, Ryan P.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Irvine, Dylan J.] Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Briggs, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [McKenzie, Jeffrey M.] McGill Univ, Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. RP Irvine, DJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, 9 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM dylan.irvine@monash.edu OI Irvine, Dylan/0000-0002-3543-6221 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0901480]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Research Program; Groundwater Resources Program; Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EAR-0901480, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Research Program, and the Groundwater Resources Program and Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The paper benefitted from the feedback from two anonymous reviewers, and the thoughtful review of an earlier version of the manuscript by Randy Hunt. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 531 BP 728 EP 737 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.10.054 PN 3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CZ0BJ UT WOS:000366769800018 ER PT J AU Witt, EC AF Witt, Emitt C., III TI Evaluation of the US Geological Survey standard elevation products in a two-dimensional hydraulic modeling application for a low relief coastal floodplain SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydraulic modeling; 3DEP; Lidar; Hurricane Floyd; Coastal floodplains ID HYDROLOGIC APPLICATIONS; DATA RESOLUTION AB Growing use of two-dimensional (2-D) hydraulic models has created a need for high resolution data to support flood volume estimates, floodplain specific engineering data, and accurate flood inundation scenarios. Elevation data are a critical input to these models that guide the flood-wave across the landscape allowing the computation of valuable engineering specific data that provides a better understanding of flooding impacts on structures, debris movement, bed scour, and direction. High resolution elevation data are becoming publicly available that can benefit the 2-D flood modeling community. Comparison of these newly available data with legacy data suggests that better modeling outcomes are achieved by using 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) lidar point data and the derived 1 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) product relative to the legacy 3 m, 10 m, or 30 m products currently available in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Elevation Dataset. Within the low topographic relief of a coastal floodplain, the newer 3DEP data better resolved elevations within the forested and swampy areas achieving simulations that compared well with a historic flooding event. Results show that the 1 m DEM derived from 3DEP lidar source provides a more conservative estimate of specific energy, static pressure, and impact pressure for grid elements at maximum flow relative to the legacy DEM data. Better flood simulations are critically important in coastal floodplains where climate change driven storm frequency and sea level rise will contribute to more frequent flooding events. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Witt, Emitt C., III] US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Witt, Emitt C., III] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Witt, EC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM ecwitt@usgs.gov FU USGS Center for Geospatial Information Science; National Geospatial Technical Operations Center FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding for this effort was provided by the USGS Center for Geospatial Information Science and the National Geospatial Technical Operations Center. This research benefits from supplemental funding allocated for the collection of QL1 and QL2 lidar data along the East Coast following Hurricane Sandy. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 531 BP 759 EP 767 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.10.051 PN 3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CZ0BJ UT WOS:000366769800021 ER PT J AU Nolan, BT Fienen, MN Lorenz, DL AF Nolan, Bernard T. Fienen, Michael N. Lorenz, David L. TI A statistical learning framework for groundwater nitrate models of the Central Valley, California, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Nitrate; Boosted regression trees; Artificial neural networks; Bayesian networks; Cross validation ID UNITED-STATES; AQUIFER VULNERABILITY; PRIVATE WELLS; LAND-USE; CONTAMINATION; PROBABILITY; POLLUTION; SPAIN; TREES; WATER AB We used a statistical learning framework to evaluate the ability of three machine-learning methods to predict nitrate concentration in shallow groundwater of the Central Valley, California: boosted regression trees (BRT), artificial neural networks (ANN), and Bayesian networks (BN). Machine learning methods can learn complex patterns in the data but because of overfitting may not generalize well to new data. The statistical learning framework involves cross-validation (CV) training and testing data and a separate hold-out data set for model evaluation, with the goal of optimizing predictive performance by controlling for model overfit. The order of prediction performance according to both CV testing R-2 and that for the hold-out data set was BRT > BN > ANN. For each method we identified two models based on CV testing results: that with maximum testing R-2 and a version with R-2 within one standard error of the maximum (the 1SE model). The former yielded CV training R-2 values of 0.94-1.0. Cross-validation testing le values indicate predictive performance, and these were 0.22-0.39 for the maximum R-2 models and 0.19-0.36 for the 1SE models. Evaluation with hold-out data suggested that the 1SE BRT and ANN models predicted better for an independent data set compared with the maximum R-2 versions, which is relevant to extrapolation by mapping. Scatterplots of predicted vs. observed hold-out data obtained for final models helped identify prediction bias, which was fairly pronounced for ANN and BN. Lastly, the models were compared with multiple linear regression (MLR) and a previous random forest regression (RFR) model. Whereas BRT results were comparable to RFR, MLR had low hold-out R-2 (0.07) and explained less than half the variation in the training data. Spatial patterns of predictions by the final, 1SE BRT model agreed reasonably well with previously observed patterns of nitrate occurrence in groundwater of the Central Valley. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Fienen, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Lorenz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Nolan, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM btnolan@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment program FX We thank the field scientists who collected the data used in this study; JoAnn Gronberg for assistance with spatial data in GIS and map preparation; Karen Burow for compiling and sharing Central Valley groundwater nitrate data; and two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions substantially improved the draft paper. We thank the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment program for funding this work Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 531 BP 902 EP 911 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.10.025 PN 3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CZ0BJ UT WOS:000366769800034 ER PT J AU Miller, S Wilder, J Wilson, RR AF Miller, Susanne Wilder, James Wilson, Ryan R. TI Polar bear-grizzly bear interactions during the autumn open-water period in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; behavior; climate change; competition; dominance; feeding; grizzly bear; interspecific; polar bear; sea ice ID SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; ICE-FREE PERIOD; URSUS-MARITIMUS; BROWN BEARS; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; PHOCA-HISPIDA; JAMES BAY; BODY-SIZE; BEHAVIOR AB Reduction of summer sea ice extent has led some polar bear (Ursus maritimus) populations to increase their use of land during the summer/autumn open-water period. While terrestrial food resources are generally not sufficient to compensate for lost hunting opportunities on the sea ice, marine mammal carcasses, where available, could help reduce the energetic cost of longer periods of land use. Subsistence-harvested bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) remains are available annually near local communities along the Alaskan portion of the Beaufort Sea coast to bears that come to shore. Relatively large numbers of polar bears and some grizzly bears (U. arctos) use these resources, creating a competitive environment among species and social classes. We documented competitive interactions among polar bears and between polar and grizzly bears for bowhead whale remains adjacent to a small community in northeastern Alaska in September 2005-2007. We observed temporal partitioning of the resource by bears, with lone adult polar bears and grizzly bears primarily feeding at night, and higher use by polar bear family groups and subadults during dawn and dusk. Interspecific interactions were less frequently aggressive than intraspecific interactions, but polar bears were more likely to be displaced from the feeding site by grizzly bears than by conspecifics. Female polar bears with cubs were more likely to display aggressive behavior than other social classes during intra-and interspecific aggressive interactions. Our results indicate that grizzly bears are socially dominant during interspecific competition with polar bears for marine mammal carcasses during autumn. C1 [Miller, Susanne; Wilder, James; Wilson, Ryan R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Miller, S (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM susanne_miller@fws.gov NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 22 U2 81 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1317 EP 1325 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyv140 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CY4PF UT WOS:000366389800020 ER PT J AU Hahn, CM Iwanowicz, LR Cornman, RS Conway, CM Winton, JR Blazer, VS AF Hahn, Cassidy M. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Cornman, Robert S. Conway, Carla M. Winton, James R. Blazer, Vicki S. TI Characterization of a Novel Hepadnavirus in the White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii) from the Great Lakes Region of the United States SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; SKIN TUMORS; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; FISH; CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA; RESPONSES; ALIGNMENT AB The white sucker Catostomus commersonii is a freshwater teleost often utilized as a resident sentinel. Here, we sequenced the full genome of a hepatitis B-like virus that infects white suckers from the Great Lakes Region of the United States. Dideoxy sequencing confirmed that the white sucker hepatitis B virus (WSHBV) has a circular genome (3,542 bp) with the prototypical codon organization of hepadnaviruses. Electron microscopy demonstrated that complete virions of approximately 40 nm were present in the plasma of infected fish. Compared to avi- and orthohepadnaviruses, sequence conservation of the core, polymerase, and surface proteins was low and ranged from 16 to 27% at the amino acid level. An X protein homologue common to the orthohepadnaviruses was not present. The WSHBV genome included an atypical, presumptively noncoding region absent in previously described hepadnaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed WSHBV as distinct from previously documented hepadnaviruses. The level of divergence in protein sequences between WSHBV and other hepadnaviruses and the identification of an HBV-like sequence in an African cichlid provide evidence that a novel genus of the family Hepadnaviridae may need to be established that includes these hepatitis B-like viruses in fishes. Viral transcription was observed in 9.5% (16 of 169) of white suckers evaluated. The prevalence of hepatic tumors in these fish was 4.9%, and only 2.4% of fish were positive for both virus and hepatic tumors. These results are not sufficient to draw inferences regarding the association of WSHBV and carcinogenesis in white sucker. IMPORTANCE We report the first full-length genome of a hepadnavirus from fishes. Phylogenetic analysis of this genome indicates divergence from genomes of previously described hepadnaviruses from mammalian and avian hosts and supports the creation of a novel genus. The discovery of this novel virus may better our understanding of the evolutionary history of hepatitis B-like viruses of other hosts. In fishes, knowledge of this virus may provide insight regarding possible risk factors associated with hepatic neoplasia in the white sucker. This may also offer another model system for mechanistic research. C1 [Hahn, Cassidy M.] W Virginia Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Hahn, Cassidy M.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.; Cornman, Robert S.; Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Conway, Carla M.; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Iwanowicz, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM liwanowicz@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grants; U.S. Geological Survey's Environmental Health (Contaminant Biology) program; U.S. Geological Survey's Environmental Health Ecosystems (Fisheries) program; U.S. Geological Survey's Environmental Health Cooperative Units program FX The research was funded through Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grants to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Minnesota Pollution Control Board and by the U.S. Geological Survey's Environmental Health (Contaminant Biology), Ecosystems (Fisheries), and Cooperative Units programs. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 89 IS 23 BP 11801 EP 11811 DI 10.1128/JVI.01278-15 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA CZ1WM UT WOS:000366896600006 PM 26378165 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF Ellsworth, W Rubinstein, J AF Pollitz, Fred F. Ellsworth, William Rubinstein, Justin TI Interpretation of S Waves Generated by Near-Surface Chemical Explosions at SAFOD SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-ELEMENT METHOD; UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; TECTONIC STRAIN; MOMENT TENSORS; MEDIA; DISPLACEMENTS; PROPAGATION; SEISMOGRAMS; RELEASE; DENSITY AB A series of near-surface chemical explosions conducted at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) were recorded by high-frequency downhole receiver arrays in separate experiments in November 2003 and May 2005. The 2003 experiment involved similar to 100 kg shots detonated along a 46-km-long line (Hole-Ryberg line) centered on SAFOD and recorded by 32 three-component geophones in the pilot hole between 0.8 and 2.0 km depth. The 2005 experiment involved similar to 36 kg shots detonated at Parkfield Area Seismic Observatory (PASO) stations (at similar to 1-8 km offset) recorded by 80 three-component geophones in the main hole between the surface and 2.4 km depth. These data sample the downgoing seismic wavefield and constrain the shallow velocity and attenuation structure, as well as the first-order characteristics of the source. Using forward modeling on a velocity structure designed for the near field, both observed P- and S-wave energy for the PASO shots are identified with the travel times expected for direct and/or reflected phases. Larger-offset recordings from shots along the Hole-Ryberg line reveal substantial SV and SH energy, especially southwest of SAFOD from the source as indicated by P-to-S amplitude ratios. The generated SV energy is interpreted to arise chiefly from P-to-S conversions at subhorizontal discontinuities. This provides a simple mechanism for often-observed low P-to-S amplitude ratios from nuclear explosions in the far field, as originating from strong near-field wave conversions. C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.; Ellsworth, William; Rubinstein, Justin] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 FU National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AI52-09NA29328] FX We thank Art Frankel and Ruth Harris for internal reviews. This article benefited from comments by three anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor Cleat P. Zeiler. This work has been partially supported by Award Number DE-AI52-09NA29328 of the National Nuclear Security Administration. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 105 IS 6 BP 2835 EP 2851 DI 10.1785/0120140242 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX7PX UT WOS:000365895600001 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Page, M AF Hough, Susan E. Page, Morgan TI A Century of Induced Earthquakes in Oklahoma? SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER INJECTION; SEISMICITY; INCREASE; ARKANSAS AB Seismicity rates have increased sharply since 2009 in the central and eastern United States, with especially high rates of activity in the state of Oklahoma. Growing evidence indicates that many of these events are induced, primarily by injection of wastewater in deep disposal wells. The upsurge in activity has raised two questions: What is the background rate of tectonic earthquakes in Oklahoma? How much has the rate varied throughout historical and early instrumental times? In this article, we show that (1) seismicity rates since 2009 surpass previously observed rates throughout the twentieth century; (2) several lines of evidence suggest that most of the significant earthquakes in Oklahoma during the twentieth century were likely induced by oil production activities, as they exhibit statistically significant temporal and spatial correspondence with disposal wells, and intensity measurements for the 1952 El Reno earthquake and possibly the 1956 Tulsa County earthquake follow the pattern observed in other induced earthquakes; and (3) there is evidence for a low level of tectonic seismicity in southeastern Oklahoma associated with the Ouachita structural belt. The 22 October 1882 Choctaw Nation earthquake, for which we estimate M-w 4.8, occurred in this zone. C1 [Hough, Susan E.; Page, Morgan] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov; pagem@caltech.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 20 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 105 IS 6 BP 2863 EP 2870 DI 10.1785/0120150109 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX7PX UT WOS:000365895600003 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Martin, SS AF Hough, Susan E. Martin, Stacey S. TI The 1868 Hayward Fault, California, Earthquake: Implications for Earthquake Scaling Relations on Partially Creeping Faults SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; GROUND-MOTION; SEISMIC INTENSITY; SLIP; INVERSION; ATTENUATION; MAGNITUDES; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The 21 October 1868 Hayward, California, earthquake is among the best-characterized historical earthquakes in California. In contrast to many other moderate-to-large historical events, the causative fault is clearly established. Published magnitude estimates have been fairly consistent, ranging from 6.8 to 7.2, with 95% confidence limits including values as low as 6.5. The magnitude is of particular importance for assessment of seismic hazard associated with the Hayward fault and, more generally, to develop appropriate magnitude-rupture length scaling relations for partially creeping faults. The recent reevaluation of archival accounts by Boatwright and Bundock (2008), together with the growing volume of well-calibrated intensity data from the U.S. Geological Survey "Did You Feel It?" (DYFI) system, provide an opportunity to revisit and refine the magnitude estimate. In this study, we estimate the magnitude using two different methods that use DYFI data as calibration. Both approaches yield preferred magnitude estimates of 6.3-6.6, assuming an average stress drop. A consideration of data limitations associated with settlement patterns increases the range to 6.3-6.7, with a preferred estimate of 6.5. Although magnitude estimates for historical earthquakes are inevitably uncertain, we conclude that, at a minimum, a lower-magnitude estimate represents a credible alternative interpretation of available data. We further discuss implications of our results for probabilistic seismic-hazard assessment from partially creeping faults. C1 [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Martin, Stacey S.] Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov; 7point1@gmail.com RI Martin, Stacey/J-6819-2013 OI Martin, Stacey/0000-0003-4429-5835 NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 105 IS 6 BP 2894 EP 2909 DI 10.1785/0120140372 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX7PX UT WOS:000365895600006 ER PT J AU Moschetti, MP AF Moschetti, Morgan P. TI A Long-Term Earthquake Rate Model for the Central and Eastern United States from Smoothed Seismicity SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FLUID-INJECTION; CALIFORNIA; ZONE; MAGNITUDE; FORECASTS; SEQUENCE; MOMENT; PROBABILITY; PERSPECTIVE; OKLAHOMA AB I present a long-term earthquake rate model for the central and eastern United States from adaptive smoothed seismicity. By employing pseudoprospective likelihood testing (L-test), I examined the effects of fixed and adaptive smoothing methods and the effects of catalog duration and composition on the ability of the models to forecast the spatial distribution of recent earthquakes. To stabilize the adaptive smoothing method for regions of low seismicity, I introduced minor modifications to the way that the adaptive smoothing distances are calculated. Across all smoothed seismicity models, the use of adaptive smoothing and the use of earthquakes from the recent part of the catalog optimizes the likelihood for tests with M >= 2.7 and M >= 4.0 earthquake catalogs. The smoothed seismicity models optimized by likelihood testing with M >= 2.7 catalogs also produce the highest likelihood values for M >= 4.0 likelihood testing, thus substantiating the hypothesis that the locations of moderate-size earthquakes can be forecast by the locations of smaller earthquakes. The likelihood test does not, however, maximize the fraction of earthquakes that are better forecast than a seismicity rate model with uniform rates in all cells. In this regard, fixed smoothing models perform better than adaptive smoothing models. The preferred model of this study is the adaptive smoothed seismicity model, based on its ability to maximize the joint likelihood of predicting the locations of recent small-to-moderate-size earthquakes across eastern North America. The preferred rate model delineates 12 regions where the annual rate of M >= 5 earthquakes exceeds 2 x 10(-3). Although these seismic regions have been previously recognized, the preferred forecasts are more spatially concentrated than the rates from fixed smoothed seismicity models, with rate increases of up to a factor of 10 near clusters of high seismic activity. C1 [Moschetti, Morgan P.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Moschetti, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 105 IS 6 BP 2928 EP 2941 DI 10.1785/0120140370 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX7PX UT WOS:000365895600008 ER PT J AU Rezaeian, S Zhong, P Hartzell, S Zareian, F AF Rezaeian, Sanaz Zhong, Peng Hartzell, Stephen Zareian, Farzin TI Validation of Simulated Earthquake Ground Motions Based on Evolution of Intensity and Frequency Content SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEISMOGRAMS; SELECTION; CRITERIA; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Simulated earthquake ground motions can be used in many recent engineering applications that require time series as input excitations. However, applicability and validation of simulations are subjects of debate in the seismological and engineering communities. We propose a validation methodology at the waveform level and directly based on characteristics that are expected to influence most structural and geotechnical response parameters. In particular, three time-dependent validation metrics are used to evaluate the evolving intensity, frequency, and bandwidth of a waveform. These validation metrics capture nonstationarities in intensity and frequency content of waveforms, making them ideal to address nonlinear response of structural systems. A two-component error vector is proposed to quantify the average and shape differences between these validation metrics for a simulated and recorded ground-motion pair. Because these metrics are directly related to the waveform characteristics, they provide easily interpretable feedback to seismologists for modifying their ground-motion simulation models. To further simplify the use and interpretation of these metrics for engineers, it is shown how six scalar key parameters, including duration, intensity, and predominant frequency, can be extracted from the validation metrics. The proposed validation methodology is a step forward in paving the road for utilization of simulated ground motions in engineering practice and is demonstrated using examples of recorded and simulated ground motions from the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake. C1 [Rezaeian, Sanaz; Hartzell, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zhong, Peng; Zareian, Farzin] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Rezaeian, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 105 IS 6 BP 3036 EP 3049 DI 10.1785/0120140210 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX7PX UT WOS:000365895600016 ER PT J AU Hill, DP Montgomery-Brown, E AF Hill, David P. Montgomery-Brown, Emily TI Long Valley Caldera and the UCERF Depiction of Sierra Nevada Range-Front Faults SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE FORECAST; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; DIKE INTRUSION; INYO CRATERS; MONO CRATERS; DEFORMATION; SYSTEMS; VOLCANISM; GRAVITY AB Long Valley caldera lies within a left-stepping offset in the north-northwest-striking Sierra Nevada range-front normal faults with the Hilton Creek fault to the south and Hartley Springs fault to the north. Both Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF) 2 and its update, UCERF3, depict slip on these major range-front normal faults as extending well into the caldera, with significant normal slip on overlapping, subparallel segments separated by similar to 10 km. This depiction is countered by (1) geologic evidence that normal faulting within the caldera consists of a series of graben structures associated with postcaldera magmatism (intrusion and tumescence) and not systematic down-to-the-east displacements consistent with distributed range-front faulting and (2) the lack of kinematic evidence for an evolving, postcaldera relay ramp structure between overlapping strands of the two range-front normal faults. The modifications to the UCERF depiction described here reduce the predicted shaking intensity within the caldera, and they are in accord with the tectonic influence that underlapped offset range-front faults have on seismicity patterns within the caldera associated with ongoing volcanic unrest. C1 [Hill, David P.; Montgomery-Brown, Emily] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hill, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hill@usgs.gov; emontgomery-brown@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 105 IS 6 BP 3189 EP 3195 DI 10.1785/0120150149 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX7PX UT WOS:000365895600029 ER PT J AU Pereira, P Jordan, A Cerda, A Martin, D AF Pereira, P. Jordan, A. Cerda, A. Martin, D. TI Editorial: The role of ash in fire-affected ecosystems SO CATENA LA English DT Editorial Material ID HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES; WATER REPELLENCY; BURN SEVERITY; FOREST-FIRE; WILDFIRE; CALIFORNIA; EROSION; INFILTRATION; TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION C1 [Pereira, P.] Mykolas Romeris Univ, Ctr Environm Management, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Jordan, A.] Univ Seville, MED Soil Res Grp, E-41012 Seville, Spain. Univ Valencia, Dept Geog, Soil Eros & Degradat Res Grp SEDER, Valencia 46010, Spain. [Martin, D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Pereira, P (reprint author), Mykolas Romeris Univ, Ctr Environm Management, Ateities G 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM paulo@mruni.eu; ajordan@us.es; artemio.Cerda@uv.es; damartin@usgs.gov RI Cerda, Artemi/I-4670-2013; Pereira, Paulo/O-1845-2016; OI Cerda, Artemi/0000-0001-5326-4489; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0003-0227-2010; Jordan, Antonio/0000-0003-3165-5846 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD DEC PY 2015 VL 135 BP 337 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2014.11.016 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA CY2GD UT WOS:000366225900035 ER PT J AU Lepak, RF Yin, RS Krabbenhoft, DP Ogorek, JM DeWild, JF Holsen, TM Hurley, JP AF Lepak, Ryan F. Yin, Runsheng Krabbenhoft, David P. Ogorek, Jacob M. DeWild, John F. Holsen, Thomas M. Hurley, James P. TI Use of Stable Isotope Signatures to Determine Mercury Sources in the Great Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; HG ISOTOPES; SEDIMENTS; PRECIPITATION; FRACTIONATION; METHYLMERCURY; MICHIGAN; ESTUARINE; TRANSPORT AB Sources of mercury (Hg) in Great Lakes sediments were assessed with stable Hg isotope ratios using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. An isotopic mixing model based on mass-dependent (MDF) and mass-independent fractionation (MIF) (delta Hg-202 and Delta Hg-199) identified three primary Hg sources for sediments: atmospheric, industrial, and watershed-derived. Results indicate atmospheric sources dominate in Lakes Huron, Superior, and Michigan sediments while watershed-derived and industrial sources dominate in Lakes Erie and Ontario sediments. Anomalous Delta Hg-200 signatures, also apparent in sediments, provided independent validation of the model. Comparison of Delta Hg-200 signatures in predatory fish from three lakes reveals that bioaccumulated Hg is more isotopically similar to atmospherically derived Hg than a lake's sediment. Previous research suggests Delta Hg-200 is conserved during biogeochemical processing and odd mass-independent fractionation (MIF) is conserved during metabolic processing, so it is suspected even is similarly conserved. Given these assumptions, our data suggest that in some cases, atmospherically derived Hg may be a more important source of MeHg to higher trophic levels than legacy sediments in the Great Lakes. C1 [Lepak, Ryan F.; Yin, Runsheng; Hurley, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yin, Runsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Ore Deposit Geochem, Inst Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. [Krabbenhoft, David P.; Ogorek, Jacob M.; DeWild, John F.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Holsen, Thomas M.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Hurley, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hurley, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Aquat Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hurley, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jphurley@wisc.edu RI Yin, Runsheng/C-5972-2014 FU EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [GL-00E01139]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; EPA; [GL-96594201] FX This work was supported by the EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (Project GL-00E01139) and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The EPA Great Lakes Fish Monitoring and Surveillance Program was funded through Project GL-96594201 (Elizabeth Murphy, Program Officer). We thank Michael Tate and Charlie Thompson (USGS) for their assistance with field collection and laboratory analyses. We thank Dr. Joel Blum (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI) and two anonymous reviewers who improved the manuscript. Although the research described in this article has been partly funded by the EPA, it has not been subjected to the agency's required peer and policy review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 15 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2328-8930 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 2 IS 12 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00277 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY2MZ UT WOS:000366244100001 ER PT J AU Byappanahalli, MN Nevers, MB Whitman, RL Ishii, S AF Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Nevers, Meredith B. Whitman, Richard L. Ishii, Satoshi TI Application of a Microfluidic Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique To Monitor Bacterial Pathogens in Beach Water and Complex Environmental Matrices SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LAKE-MICHIGAN; GREAT-LAKES; PCR; CLADOPHORA; QUALITY; SHORES AB Microfluidic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MFQPCR) and conventional quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods were compared side by side in detecting and quantifying 19 genetic markers associated with Escherichia coli and select bacterial pathogens in algae, beach sand, and water from Lake Michigan. Enteropathogenic E. coil (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coil, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, and Clostridium perfringens were among the pathogens tested. Of the pathogenic markers, eaeA that encodes intimin in EPEC was detected in all sample types: water (5%), detached/floating algae (42%), exposed/stranded algae (43%), sand below exposed algae (27%), and nearshore sand with no algae (22%). Other pathogenic markers, however, were detected sporadically. Despite comparable results from the two methods for the genetic markers tested in this study, the MFQPCR method may be superior, with the advantage of detecting and quantifying multiple pathogens simultaneously in environmental matrices. C1 [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Nevers, Meredith B.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Chesterton, IN 46304 USA. [Ishii, Satoshi] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ishii, Satoshi] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Byappanahalli, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1574 N 300 E, Chesterton, IN 46304 USA. EM byappan@usgs.gov RI Ishii, Satoshi/C-7000-2012 OI Ishii, Satoshi/0000-0003-3600-9165 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank Ashley Spoljaric, Kasia Przybyla-Kelly, and Dawn Shively for their help with sampling and laboratory analysis, Reiko Hirano for technical assistance, and Takahiro Segawa for allowing us to use his Fluidigm devices. This project was funded in part through a grant from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1988 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2328-8930 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 2 IS 12 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00251 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY2MZ UT WOS:000366244100003 ER PT J AU Rodda, GH Adams, AAY Campbell, EW Fritts, TH AF Rodda, Gordon H. Adams, Amy A. Yackel Campbell, Earl W. Fritts, Thomas H. TI General Herpetological Collecting is Size-Biased for Five Pacific Lizards SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE AB Accurate estimation of a species' size distribution is a key component of characterizing its ecology, evolution, physiology, and demography. We compared the body size distributions of five Pacific lizards (Carlia ailanpalai, Emoia caeruleocauda, Gehyra mutilata, Hemidactylus frenatus, and Lepidodactylus lugubris) from general herpetological collecting (including visual surveys and glue boards) with those from complete censuses obtained by total removal. All species exhibited the same pattern: general herpetological collecting undersampled juveniles and oversampled mid-sized adults. The bias was greatest for the smallest juveniles and was not statistically evident for newly maturing and very large adults. All of the true size distributions of these continuously breeding species were skewed heavily toward juveniles, more so than the detections obtained from general collecting. A strongly skewed size distribution is not well characterized by the mean or maximum, though those are the statistics routinely reported for species' sizes. We found body mass to be distributed more symmetrically than was snout-vent length, providing an additional rationale for collecting and reporting that size measure. C1 [Rodda, Gordon H.; Adams, Amy A. Yackel; Fritts, Thomas H.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Campbell, Earl W.] Ohio Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. RP Rodda, GH (reprint author), 404 Adobe Dr, Hesperus, CO USA. EM roddag@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 4 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.1670/14-093 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CY1PY UT WOS:000366181100002 ER PT J AU Rodda, GH Dean-Bradley, K Campbell, EW Fritts, TH Lardner, B Adams, AAY Reed, RN AF Rodda, Gordon H. Dean-Bradley, Kathryn Campbell, Earl W. Fritts, Thomas H. Lardner, Bjoern Adams, Amy A. Yackel Reed, Robert N. TI Stability of Detectability over 17 Years at a Single Site and other Lizard Detection Comparisons from Guam SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROWN TREESNAKES; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; COUNTS; MODELS; FIELD; SIZE AB To obtain quantitative information about population dynamics from counts of animals, the per capita detectabilities of each species must remain constant over the course of monitoring. We characterized lizard detection constancy for four species over 17 yr from a single site in northern Guam, a relatively benign situation because detection was relatively easy and we were able to hold constant the site, habitat type, species, season, and sampling method. We monitored two species of diurnal terrestrial skinks (Carlia ailanpalai [Curious Skink], Emoia caeruleocauda [Pacific Bluetailed Skink]) using glueboards placed on the ground in the shade for 3 h on rainless mornings, yielding 10,286 skink captures. We additionally monitored two species of nocturnal arboreal geckos (Hemidactylus frenatus [Common House Gecko]; Lepidodactylus lugubris [Mourning Gecko]) on the basis of 15,212 sightings. We compared these count samples to a series of complete censuses we conducted from four or more total removal plots (everything removed to mineral soil) totaling 400 m(2) (about 1% of study site) in each of the years 1995, 1999, and 2012, providing time-stamped quantification of detectability for each species. Unfortunately, the actual population trajectories taken by the four species were masked by unexplained variation in detectability. This observation of debilitating latent variability in lizard detectability under nearly ideal conditions undercuts our trust in population estimation techniques that fail to quantify venue-specific detectability, rely on pooled detection probability estimates, or assume that modulation in predefined environmental covariates suffices for estimating detectability. C1 [Rodda, Gordon H.; Dean-Bradley, Kathryn; Fritts, Thomas H.; Adams, Amy A. Yackel; Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Campbell, Earl W.] Ohio Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. [Lardner, Bjoern] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rodda, GH (reprint author), 404 Adobe Dr, Hesperus, CO USA. EM roddag@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 4 BP 513 EP 521 DI 10.1670/14-085 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CY1PY UT WOS:000366181100003 ER PT J AU Lardner, B Rodda, GH Adams, AAY Savidge, JA Reed, RN AF Lardner, Bjoern Rodda, Gordon H. Adams, Amy A. Yackel Savidge, Julie A. Reed, Robert N. TI Detection Rates of Geckos in Visual Surveys: Turning Confounding Variables into Useful Knowledge SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; BROWN TREESNAKES; MIXTURE-MODELS; COUNTS; GUAM; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; INDEX; SIZE AB Transect surveys without some means of estimating detection probabilities generate population size indices prone to bias because survey conditions differ in time and space. Knowing what causes such bias can help guide the collection of relevant survey covariates, correct the survey data, anticipate situations where bias might be unacceptably large, and elucidate the ecology of target species. We used negative binomial regression to evaluate confounding variables for gecko (primarily Hemidactylus frenatus and Lepidodactylus lugubris) counts on 220-m-long transects surveyed at night, primarily for snakes, on 9,475 occasions. Searchers differed in gecko detection rates by up to a factor of six. The worst and best headlamps differed by a factor of at least two. Strong winds had a negative effect potentially as large as those of searchers or headlamps. More geckos were seen during wet weather conditions, but the effect size was small. Compared with a detection nadir during waxing gibbous (nearly full) moons above the horizon, we saw 28% more geckos during waning crescent moons below the horizon. A sine function suggested that we saw 24% more geckos at the end of the wet season than at the end of the dry season. Fluctuations on a longer timescale also were verified. Disturbingly, corrected data exhibited strong short-term fluctuations that covariates apparently failed to capture. Although some biases can be addressed with measured covariates, others will be difficult to eliminate as a significant source of error in long-term monitoring programs. C1 [Lardner, Bjoern; Savidge, Julie A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rodda, Gordon H.; Adams, Amy A. Yackel; Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lardner, B (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Lardner@colostate.edu FU U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs FX R. Bischof, I. Chellman, M. Christy, M. Cook, J. Csakany, J. Farley, E. Fidler, K. Garrod, A.-M. Gawel, G. George, G. Haddock, A. Hambrick, R. Hansen, T. Hinkle, P. Levasseur, P. Reynolds, S. Siers, R. Stafford, J. Stanford, A. Tuggle, C. Tyrrell, J. Vickers, J. Wiley, K. Winford, and E. Wostl provided field assistance. R. Bischof, L. Bonewell, M. Christy, S. Siers, C. Tyrrell, and J. Simon provided logistic support. P. Chapman provided statistical guidance. B. Cade, A. Durso, J. Gillette, S. Siers, H. Waddle, K. Young, and an anonymous reviewer helped us improve the manuscript. This work was conducted under CSU IACUC 03-249A-01-06, 09-237A-01-02, and 09-238A-01-02. The U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs provided financial support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 4 BP 522 EP 532 DI 10.1670/14-048 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CY1PY UT WOS:000366181100004 ER PT J AU Erikson, LH Hegermiller, CA Barnard, PL Ruggiero, P van Ormondt, M AF Erikson, L. H. Hegermiller, C. A. Barnard, P. L. Ruggiero, P. van Ormondt, M. TI Projected wave conditions in the Eastern North Pacific under the influence of two CMIP5 climate scenarios SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Wave climate; GCMs; Climate change; Eastern North Pacific ID FORECAST SYSTEM REANALYSIS; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; 20-1ST CENTURY; CHANGE IMPACTS; WIND-WAVES; OCEAN; HEIGHT; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; TRENDS AB Hindcast and 21st century winds, simulated by General Circulation Models (GCMs), were used to drive global- and regional scale spectral wind wave generation models in the Pacific Ocean Basin to assess future wave conditions along the margins of the North American west coast and Hawaiian Islands. Three-hourly winds simulated by four separate GCMs were used to generate an ensemble of wave conditions for a recent historical time-period (1976-2005) and projections for the mid and latter parts of the 21st century under two radiative forcing scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), as defined by the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) experiments. Comparisons of results from historical simulations with wave buoy and ERA-Interim in wave reanalysis data indicate acceptable model performance of wave heights, periods, and directions, giving credence to generating projections. Mean and extreme wave heights are projected to decrease along much of the North American west coast. Extreme wave heights are projected to decrease south of similar to 50 degrees N and increase to the north, whereas extreme wave periods are projected to mostly increase. Incident wave directions associated with extreme wave heights are projected to rotate clockwise at the eastern end of the Aleutian Islands and counterclockwise offshore of Southern California. Local spatial patterns of the changing wave climate are similar under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, but stronger magnitudes of change are projected under RCP 8.5. Findings of this study are similar to previous work using CMIP3 GCMs that indicates decreasing mean and extreme wave conditions in the Eastern North Pacific, but differ from other studies with respect to magnitude and local patterns of change. This study contributes toward a larger ensemble of global and regional climate projections needed to better assess uncertainty of potential future wave climate change, and provides model boundary conditions for assessing the impacts of climate change on coastal systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Erikson, L. H.; Hegermiller, C. A.; Barnard, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hegermiller, C. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ruggiero, P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [van Ormondt, M.] Deltares Delft Hydraul, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. RP Erikson, LH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ierikson@usgs.gov OI Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX We thank Jorge Perez of IH Cantabria for assistance in model evaluation. We also thank Scan Vitousck and Joseph Long of USGS and two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful constructive suggestions and criticisms. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Tablet of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. This work was funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 BP 171 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.004 PN 1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CX9WY UT WOS:000366058400015 ER PT J AU Nealy, JL Hayes, GP AF Nealy, Jennifer L. Hayes, Gavin P. TI Double point source W-phase inversion: Real-time implementation and automated model selection SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE Earthquake source observations; Surface waves and free oscillations; Wave propagation; Early warning ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; 2002 DENALI FAULT; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; 7.7 BALOCHISTAN; HAIDA GWAII; RUPTURE; SLIP; THRUST; ALASKA; MOTION AB Rapid and accurate characterization of an earthquake source is an extremely important and ever evolving field of research. Within this field, source inversion of the W-phase has recently been shown to be an effective technique, which can be efficiently implemented in real-time. An extension to the W-phase source inversion is presented in which two point sources are derived to better characterize complex earthquakes. A single source inversion followed by a double point source inversion with centroid locations fixed at the single source solution location can be efficiently run as part of earthquake monitoring network operational procedures. In order to determine the most appropriate solution, i.e., whether an earthquake is most appropriately described by a single source or a double source, an Akaike information criterion (AIC) test is performed. Analyses of all earthquakes of magnitude 7.5 and greater occurring since January 2000 were performed with extended analyses of the September 29, 2009 magnitude 8.1 Samoa earthquake and the April 19, 2014 magnitude 7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake. The AIC test is shown to be able to accurately select the most appropriate model and the selected W-phase inversion is shown to yield reliable solutions that match published analyses of the same events. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nealy, Jennifer L.; Hayes, Gavin P.] USGS, NEIC, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Nealy, Jennifer L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nealy, JL (reprint author), USGS, NEIC, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jnealy@usgs.gov OI Nealy, Jennifer/0000-0002-6743-2487 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 EI 1872-7395 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 249 BP 68 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2015.09.005 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CY2JR UT WOS:000366235300008 ER PT J AU Latorre-Margalef, N Ramey, AM Fojtik, A Stallknecht, DE AF Latorre-Margalef, Neus Ramey, Andrew M. Fojtik, Alinde Stallknecht, David E. TI Serologic Evidence of Influenza A (H14) Virus Introduction into North America SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Latorre-Margalef, Neus; Ramey, Andrew M.; Fojtik, Alinde; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Latorre-Margalef, Neus] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Latorre-Margalef, N (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, 589 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM nlatorre@uga.edu OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 FU NIAID NIH HHS [HHSN272201400006C] NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2257 EP 2259 DI 10.3201/eid2112.150413 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CX1MT UT WOS:000365461000039 PM 26584425 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP George, SD Phillips, PJ Hemming, JDC Denslow, ND Kroll, KJ AF Baldigo, Barry P. George, Scott D. Phillips, Patrick J. Hemming, Jocelyn D. C. Denslow, Nancy D. Kroll, Kevin J. TI Potential estrogenic effects of wastewaters on gene expression in Pimephales promelas and fish assemblages in streams of southeastern New York SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruption; Estrogenicity; Wastewaters; Fish assemblages; Fathead minnow ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURE DISCHARGES; TREATMENT WORKS EFFLUENTS; E-SCREEN ASSAY; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; FATHEAD MINNOW; EGG-PRODUCTION; RIVER WATER; IN-VITRO AB Direct linkages between endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) from municipal and industrial wastewaters and impacts on wild fish assemblages are rare. The levels of plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) and Vtg messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to wastewater effluents and dilutions of 17-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estrogen activity, and fish assemblages in 10 receiving streams were assessed to improve understanding of important interrelations. Results from 4-d laboratory assays indicate that EE2, plasma Vtg concentration, and Vtg gene expression in fathead minnows, and 17-estradiol equivalents (E2Eq values) were highly related to each other (R-2=0.98-1.00). Concentrations of E2Eq in most effluents did not exceed 2.0ng/L, which was possibly a short-term exposure threshold for Vtg gene expression in male fathead minnows. Plasma Vtg in fathead minnows only increased significantly (up to 1136g/mL) in 2 wastewater effluents. Fish assemblages were generally unaffected at 8 of 10 study sites, yet the density and biomass of 79% to 89% of species populations were reduced (63-68% were reduced significantly) in the downstream reach of 1 receiving stream. These results, and moderate to high E2Eq concentrations (up to 16.1ng/L) observed in effluents during a companion study, suggest that estrogenic wastewaters can potentially affect individual fish, their populations, and entire fish communities in comparable systems across New York, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2803-2815. (c) 2015 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. C1 [Baldigo, Barry P.; George, Scott D.; Phillips, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY USA. [Hemming, Jocelyn D. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.; Kroll, Kevin J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; US Geological Survey FX The authors extend appreciation to A. Ernst, D. Edwards, and J. Byrnes of the US Geological Survey; T. Baudanza of the New York City Department of Environmental Protection; W. Keller (retired), B. Mussett, and K. Kosinski of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; and L. Wilson of the New York State Department of Health for technical support and advice. The Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 cells used in e-screen assays were generously donated by A. Soto and C. Sonnenschein, Tufts University School of Medicine. The present study was funded by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and the US Geological Survey. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2803 EP 2815 DI 10.1002/etc.3120 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CX3VQ UT WOS:000365628000019 PM 26423596 ER PT J AU Carter-Lynn, KP Quist, MC Liter, M AF Carter-Lynn, K. P. Quist, M. C. Liter, M. TI Population characteristics of channel catfish near the northern edge of their distribution: implications for management SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE countergradient variation; exploitation; growth; Ictalurus punctatus; mortality; stocking ID COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION; DIFFERENT LATITUDES; MISSOURI RIVER; GROWING-SEASON; GROWTH; SIZE; IMPOUNDMENTS; STANDARDS; SPINES; LENGTH AB Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), populations in six lakes in northern Idaho, USA, were sampled to describe their population characteristics. During the summers of 2011 and 2012, 4864 channel catfish were sampled. Channel catfish populations had low to moderate catch rates, and length structure was dominated by fish <400mm. Channel catfish were in good body condition. All populations were maintained by stocking age-1 or age-2 fish. Growth of fish reared in thermally enriched environments prior to stocking was fast compared to other North American channel catfish populations. After stocking, growth of channel catfish declined rapidly. Once stocked, cold water temperatures, prey resources and (or) genetic capabilities limited growth. Total annual mortality of age 2 and older channel catfish was generally <40%. Tag returns indicated that angler exploitation was low, varying from 0 to 43% among lakes. This research provides insight on factors regulating channel catfish population dynamics and highlights important considerations associated with their ecology and management. C1 [Carter-Lynn, K. P.; Liter, M.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID USA. [Quist, M. C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr MS1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mcquist@uidaho.edu FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration; University of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank B. Hammond, T. Morhardt, C. Lawson, C. Tapia, J. Schreindl and C. Wilson for field assistance. J. Fredericks, M. Maiole, K. Pope, H. Schramm and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration. The Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 6 BP 530 EP 538 DI 10.1111/fme.12156 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CX5CL UT WOS:000365718900008 ER PT J AU Work, TM Dagenais, J Breeden, R Schneemann, A Sung, J Hew, B Balazs, GH Berestecky, JM AF Work, Thierry M. Dagenais, Julie Breeden, Renee Schneemann, Anette Sung, Joyce Hew, Brian Balazs, George H. Berestecky, John M. TI Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) Have Novel Asymmetrical Antibodies SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCAL PROTEIN-G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DUCK IMMUNOGLOBULINS; PSAMMOPHIS-SIBILANS; SEA-TURTLE; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; PURIFICATION AB Igs in vertebrates comprise equally sized H and L chains, with exceptions such as H chain-only Abs in camels or natural Ag receptors in sharks. In Reptilia, Igs are known as IgYs. Using immunoassays with isotype-specific mAbs, in this study we show that green turtles (Chelonia mydas) have a 5.7S 120-kDa IgY comprising two equally sized H/L chains with truncated Fc and a 7S 200-kDa IgY comprised of two differently sized H chains bound to L chains and apparently often noncovalently associated with an antigenically related 90-kDa moiety. Both the 200- and 90-kDa 7S molecules are made in response to specific Ag, although the 90-kDa molecule appears more prominent after chronic Ag stimulation. Despite no molecular evidence of a hinge, electron microscopy reveals marked flexibility of Fab arms of 7S and 5.7S IgY. Both IgY can be captured with protein G or melon gel, but less so with protein A. Thus, turtle IgY share some characteristics with mammalian IgG. However, the asymmetrical structure of some turtle Ig and the discovery of an Ig class indicative of chronic antigenic stimulation represent striking advances in our understanding of immunology. C1 [Work, Thierry M.; Dagenais, Julie; Breeden, Renee] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Schneemann, Anette; Sung, Joyce] Nanoimaging Serv Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Hew, Brian; Berestecky, John M.] Kapiolani Community Coll, Microbiol Math Sci Dept, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. [Balazs, George H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 195 IS 11 BP 5452 EP 5460 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.1501332 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA CX3NP UT WOS:000365606100039 PM 26500346 ER PT J AU Watts, BD Clark, KE Koppie, CA Therres, GD Byrd, MA Bennett, KA AF Watts, Bryan D. Clark, Kathleen E. Koppie, Craig A. Therres, Glenn D. Byrd, Mitchell A. Bennett, Karen A. TI ESTABLISHMENT AND GROWTH OF THE PEREGRINE FALCON BREEDING POPULATION WITHIN THE MID-ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Peregrine Falcon; Falco peregrinus; breeding; coastal plain; mid-Atlantic; population ID ETHER FLAME RETARDANTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY-REGION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CALIFORNIA; USA AB Between 1975 and 1985, 307 captive-reared Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) of mixed heritage were released within the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, a physiographic region with no historical breeding population, as part of the eastern peregrine recovery program. We have monitored the size, distribution, reproductive rate, and substrate use of the resulting breeding population (1979-2007). The population proceeded through an establishment phase (1979-1985) driven by releases with an average population doubling time of 1.3 yr to a consolidation phase (1986-2007) with an average doubling time of 23.4 yr. The region supported 55 breeding pairs by 2007. Reproductive rates have increased significantly over the study period from 1.18 young/occupied territory (1980-1987) to 1.87 young/occupied territory (1998-2007), and average nesting success increased from 66.3% to 79.9%. All breeding pairs nested on artificial substrates, including towers built for the peregrines (n = 37), bridges (n = 29), buildings (n = 7) and an assortment of other structures. Substrate use has diversified over time, with towers making up 100% of nesting structures in the early period of establishment and only 45% by 2007. The population appears to be self-sustaining, with reproductive rates exceeding 1.5 young/occupied territory every year since 1999. C1 [Watts, Bryan D.; Byrd, Mitchell A.] Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Watts, Bryan D.; Byrd, Mitchell A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Clark, Kathleen E.] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Woodbine, NJ 08270 USA. [Koppie, Craig A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Therres, Glenn D.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Bennett, Karen A.] Delaware Div Fish & Wildlife, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. RP Watts, BD (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM bdwatt@wm.edu FU New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for financial and logistical support over the years. We thank the many landowners who have allowed access to their properties for peregrine management and monitoring. We thank the many biologists and citizens who have contributed to monitoring activities over the years, including M. Barrow, D. Bradshaw, D. Brauning, R. Cashwell, K. Cline, S. Dawson, B. Halla, S. Padgett, G. Taylor, and B. Wurst. D. Bell, J.B. Buchanan, C. Dykstra, and an anonymous reviewer made helpful comments on an earlier draft of this report. Peregrine falcons were banded in New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland, and Virginia under federal permits 22803, 21769, and 21567, respectively. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 15 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 4 BP 359 EP 366 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CX7EO UT WOS:000365864900002 ER PT J AU Lewis, SB Kissling, ML AF Lewis, Stephen B. Kissling, Michelle L. TI CLARIFYING SUBSPECIES OF PEREGRINE FALCONS ALONG THE LOST COAST OF ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Peregrine Falcon; Falco peregrinus; Alaska; morphology; plumage; subspecies ID CONSERVATION; LEVEL AB The concept of subspecies is an important tool to help categorize and conserve biodiversity; thus, delineating the range of subspecies can have important management and conservation implications. The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) is a widespread species that occurs throughout North America, where three subspecies are recognized: F. p. anatum, F. p. pealei, and F. p. tundrius. In Alaska, all three subspecies breed and their general distributions during the breeding season are well documented. However, the limits of their distributions were unclear or unconfirmed, especially those of F. p. anatum and F. p. pealei along the Lost Coast in the northeastern Gulf of Alaska. We describe plumage, morphology, and/or movements of Peregrine Falcons known to have nested (n = 6) or hatched (n = 3) within the Lost Coast and used this information to determine their subspecific group. For all nine birds, we found these characteristics to be consistent with F. p. anatum. Our results underscore the importance of delineating geographic range and distribution of subspecies prior to environmental catastrophes and to ensure reliable interpretation of species status and trends. We believe this type of life-history and demographic information will become even more valuable as the effects of a changing climate are realized. C1 [Lewis, Stephen B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Kissling, Michelle L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Lewis, SB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 3000 Vintage Blvd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM steve_b_lewis@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, specifically Steve Matsuoka, and the National Park Service for funding and logistical support. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, State of Alaska Mental Health Trust Office, and the City of Yakutat permitted access to their lands within the study area. Excellent photographs by Nick Hajdukovich allowed us to examine plumage characteristics of birds not captured. We are grateful to Karen Clark, Jonathan Felis, Tim Friemel, Scott Gende, Nick Hajdukovich, Nick Hatch, Ellen Lance, Joe McClung, John Peterson, Sarah Schoen, and Charlie Wright for assistance in the field. We appreciate the comments of J. Gee, K. Steenhof, C. White, and two anonymous reviewers that greatly improved earlier versions of this report. All capture activities were approved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 7 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (#2010003), the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (#10-044), and the U.S. Geological Survey, Bird Banding Laboratory (#21678). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 4 BP 367 EP 375 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CX7EO UT WOS:000365864900003 ER PT J AU Domagalski, J Saleh, D AF Domagalski, Joseph Saleh, Dina TI Sources and Transport of Phosphorus to Rivers in California and Adjacent States, US, as Determined by SPARROW Modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nutrients; phosphorus; geology; transport and fate; simulation; watersheds; SPARROW ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DELIVERY; LOADS; BASIN; WATERSHEDS; NUTRIENTS; STREAMS AB The SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes) model was used to simulate annual phosphorus loads and concentrations in unmonitored stream reaches in California, U.S., and portions of Nevada and Oregon. The model was calibrated using de-trended streamflow and phosphorus concentration data at 80 locations. The model explained 91% of the variability in loads and 51% of the variability in yields for a base year of 2002. Point sources, geological background, and cultivated land were significant sources. Variables used to explain delivery of phosphorus from land to water were precipitation and soil clay content. Aquatic loss of phosphorus was significant in streams of all sizes, with the greatest decay predicted in small- and intermediate-sized streams. Geological sources, including volcanic rocks and shales, were the principal control on concentrations and loads in many regions. Some localized formations such as the Monterey shale of southern California are important sources of phosphorus and may contribute to elevated stream concentrations. Many of the larger point source facilities were located in downstream areas, near the ocean, and do not affect inland streams except for a few locations. Large areas of cultivated land result in phosphorus load increases, but do not necessarily increase the loads above those of geological background in some cases because of local hydrology, which limits the potential of phosphorus transport from land to streams. C1 [Domagalski, Joseph; Saleh, Dina] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Domagalski, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM joed@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1463 EP 1486 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12326 PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CX6FX UT WOS:000365797700001 ER PT J AU Saleh, D Domagalski, J AF Saleh, Dina Domagalski, Joseph TI SPARROW Modeling of Nitrogen Sources and Transport in Rivers and Streams of California and Adjacent States, US SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nutrients; nonpoint source pollution; nitrogen; transport and fate; simulation; watersheds; SPARROW ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; NUTRIENT LOADS; DELIVERY; REGIONS; BASIN AB The SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) model was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of total nitrogen (TN) sources, loads, watershed yields, and factors affecting transport and decay in the stream network of California and portions of adjacent states for the year 2002. The two major TN sources to local catchments on a mass basis were fertilizers and manure (51.7%) and wastewater discharge (15.9%). Other sources contributed <12%. Fertilizer use is widespread in the Central Valley region of California, and also important in several other regions because of the diversity of California agriculture. Precipitation, sand content of surficial soils, wetlands, and tile drains were important for TN movement to stream reaches. Median streamflow in the study area is about 0.04m(3)/s. Aquatic losses of nitrogen were found to be most important in intermittent and small to medium sized streams (0.2-14m(3)/s), while larger streams showed less loss, and therefore are important for TN transport. Nitrogen loss in reservoirs was found to be insignificant, possibly because most of the larger ones are located upstream of nitrogen sources. The model was used to show loadings, sources, and tributary inputs to several major rivers. The information provided by the SPARROW model is useful for determining both the major sources contributing nitrogen to streams and the specific tributaries that transport the load. C1 [Saleh, Dina; Domagalski, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Saleh, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM dsaleh@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program FX The authors thank U.S. Geological Survey personnel, including Stephen Preston, Richard Alexander, Gregory Schwarz, Daniel Wise, Michael Majewski, David Saad, Michael Wieczorek, and Molly Maupin for their assistance with model development; and State agencies and point source facilities that provided the water-quality and discharge data used in this study. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1487 EP 1507 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12325 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CX6FX UT WOS:000365797700002 ER PT J AU McCandless, TL Starr, RR Harman, WA AF McCandless, Tamara L. Starr, Richard R. Harman, William A. TI Bankfull Regional Curves for the Alleghany Plateau/Valley and Ridge, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain Regions of Maryland SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE stream restoration; regional curves; natural channel design; fluvial geomorphology; hydraulic geometry ID DISCHARGE; STREAMS; RIVERS; NORTH AB Regional curves are empirical relationships that can help identify the bankfull stage in ungaged watersheds and aid in designing the riffle dimension in stream restoration projects. Bankfull regional curves were developed from gage stations with drainage areas less than 102mi(2) (264.2km(2)) for the Alleghany Plateau/Valley and Ridge (AP/VR), Piedmont, and Coastal Plain regions of Maryland. The AP/VR regions were combined into one region for this project. These curves relate bankfull discharge, cross-sectional area, width, and mean depth to drainage area within the same hydro-physiographic region (region with similar rainfall/runoff relationship). The bankfull discharge curve for the Coastal Plain region was further subdivided into the Western Coastal Plain (WCP) and Eastern Coastal Plain (ECP) region due to differences in topography and runoff. Results show that the Maryland Piedmont yields the highest bankfull discharge rate per unit drainage area, followed by the AP/VR, WCP, and ECP. Likewise, the Coastal Plain and AP/VR streams have less bankfull cross-sectional area per unit drainage area than the Piedmont. The average bankfull discharge return interval across the three hydro-physiographic regions was 1.4years. The Maryland regional curves were compared to other curves in the eastern United States. The average bankfull discharge return interval for the other studies ranged from 1.1 to 1.8years. C1 [McCandless, Tamara L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Starr, Richard R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Annapolis, MD 21041 USA. [Harman, William A.] Stream Mech PLLC, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP McCandless, TL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1201 Oakridge Dr,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM tamara_mccandless@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Geological Survey; Federal Highway Administration; MD State Highways Administration FX These curves would not be possible without the work of the following professionals who spent many hours in all weather conditions surveying streams throughout Maryland: Christopher Eng, Raymond Li, Mark Secrist, Paige Brown, Andy Priest, Sean Uber, Howard Weissberg, Jeremy Mondock, Ben Soleimani, Alex Smolyak, Jed Wright, and Jason Darby. Thanks to the three anonymous reviewers who greatly improved the quality of this article and to Erin Bennett who helped with edits. Special thanks to Richard Everett for codevelopment of the MD Regional Curve paper. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Federal Highway Administration, and MD State Highways Administration provided funding for this work. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1568 EP 1580 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12332 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CX6FX UT WOS:000365797700007 ER PT J AU Tang, ZH Gu, Y Drahota, J LaGrange, T Bishop, A Kuzila, MS AF Tang, Zhenghong Gu, Yue Drahota, Jeff LaGrange, Ted Bishop, Andy Kuzila, Mark S. TI Using Fly Ash as a Marker to Quantify Culturally-Accelerated Sediment Accumulation in Playa Wetlands SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE playa wetland; fly ash; sediment; Rainwater Basin in Nebraska ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; RAINWATER BASIN; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; LAND-USE; USA; DEPOSITION AB Wetlands in the Rainwater Basin in Nebraska are vulnerable to sediment accumulation from the surrounding watershed. Sediment accumulation has a negative impact on wetland quality by decreasing the depth and volume of water stored, and the plant community species composition and density growing in the wetland. The objective of this study was to determine the amount of sediment that has accumulated in five selected wetlands in the Rainwater Basin in Nebraska. Soil cores were taken at five or six locations along transects across each wetland. This study used the fly ash, which is generated by coal-burning locomotives that were present generally in the late 1800s and early 1900s, as a marker to quantify the sediment deposition rates. The cores were divided into 5cm sections and the soils were analyzed using a fly ash extraction and identification technique. Results indicate that the average depth of sediment ranged from 23.00 to 38.00cm. The annual average depth of sediment accumulation ranged from 0.18cm/yr to 0.29cm/yr. The annual sediment accumulation rate from both wind erosion and water erosion in these five sampling wetlands was between 1.946 and 3.225kg/m(2)/yr. The results of this research can be used to develop restoration plans for wetlands. The fly ash testing technology can also be applied to other areas with the railroads across the United States. C1 [Tang, Zhenghong; Gu, Yue] Univ Nebraska, Community & Reg Planning Program, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Kuzila, Mark S.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Drahota, Jeff] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rainwater Basin Wetland Management Dist, Funk, NE 68940 USA. [LaGrange, Ted] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Bishop, Andy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, Grand Isl, NE 68803 USA. RP Tang, ZH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Community & Reg Planning Program, 313 Architecture Hall,400 Stadium Dr, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM ztang2@unl.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [CD-97738501] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments to improve the quality. We especially appreciate our key partners: Randy Stutheit (NGPC), Neil Dominy (NRCS), and Daniel Shurtliff (NRCS). This article has been funded wholly or partially by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under an assistance agreement (CD-97738501). The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1643 EP 1655 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12347 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CX6FX UT WOS:000365797700012 ER PT J AU Williamson, TN Agouridis, CT Barton, CD Villines, JA Lant, JG AF Williamson, Tanja N. Agouridis, Carmen T. Barton, Christopher D. Villines, Jonathan A. Lant, Jeremiah G. TI Classification of Ephemeral, Intermittent, and Perennial Stream Reaches Using a TOPMODEL-Based Approach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE soil water; forest hydrology; stream delineation; saturation deficit; topographic wetness index (TWI) ID RUNOFF CURVE NUMBERS; HEADWATER STREAMS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; EASTERN KENTUCKY; WESTERN OREGON; SOIL-MOISTURE; PERMANENCE; PARAMETERS; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS AB Whether a waterway is temporary or permanent influences regulatory protection guidelines, however, classification can be subjective due to a combination of factors, including time of year, antecedent moisture conditions, and previous experience of the field investigator. Our objective was to develop a standardized protocol using publically available spatial information to classify ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial streams. Our hypothesis was that field observations of flow along the stream channel could be compared to results from a hydrologic model, providing an objective method of how these stream reaches can be identified. Flow-state sensors were placed at ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial stream reaches from May to December 2011 in the Appalachian coal basin of eastern Kentucky. This observed flow record was then used to calibrate the simulated saturation deficit in each channel reach based on the topographic wetness index used by TOPMODEL. Saturation deficit values were categorized as flow or no-flow days, and the simulated record of streamflow was compared to the observed record. The hydrologic model was more accurate for simulating flow during the spring and fall seasons. However, the model effectively identified stream reaches as intermittent and perennial in each of the two basins. C1 [Williamson, Tanja N.; Lant, Jeremiah G.] US Geol Survey, Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. [Agouridis, Carmen T.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosystems & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Barton, Christopher D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Villines, Jonathan A.] City Aurora Water Dept, Aurora, CO 80013 USA. RP Williamson, TN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, 9818 Bluegrass Pkwy, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. EM tnwillia@usgs.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension, Precision Agriculture: Precision Resource Management V [2009-34628-20231] FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension, Precision Agriculture: Precision Resource Management V (Award No. 2009-34628-20231). The authors thank Alex Fogle and Travis Maupin for their assistance in building and installing the flow-state sensors. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1739 EP 1759 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12352 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CX6FX UT WOS:000365797700018 ER PT J AU Converse, PE Kuchta, SR Roosenburg, WM Henry, PFP Haramis, GM King, TL AF Converse, Paul E. Kuchta, Shawn R. Roosenburg, Willem M. Henry, Paula F. P. Haramis, G. Michael King, Tim L. TI Spatiotemporal analysis of gene flow in Chesapeake Bay Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; contemporary gene flow; historical gene flow; metapopulation; population admixture; population structure; translocation ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; BYCATCH REDUCTION DEVICE; LONG-TERM DECLINE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MIGRATION RATES; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; CRAB POTS; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES AB There is widespread concern regarding the impacts of anthropogenic activities on connectivity among populations of plants and animals, and understanding how contemporary and historical processes shape metapopulation dynamics is crucial for setting appropriate conservation targets. We used genetic data to identify population clusters and quantify gene flow over historical and contemporary time frames in the Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin). This species has a long and complicated history with humans, including commercial overharvesting and subsequent translocation events during the early twentieth century. Today, terrapins face threats from habitat loss and mortality in fisheries bycatch. To evaluate population structure and gene flow among Diamondback Terrapin populations in the Chesapeake Bay region, we sampled 617 individuals from 15 localities and screened individuals at 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Our goals were to demarcate metapopulation structure, quantify genetic diversity, estimate effective population sizes, and document temporal changes in gene flow. We found that terrapins in the Chesapeake Bay region harbour high levels of genetic diversity and form four populations. Effective population sizes were variable. Among most population comparisons, estimates of historical and contemporary terrapin gene flow were generally low (m approximate to 0.01). However, we detected a substantial increase in contemporary gene flow into Chesapeake Bay from populations outside the bay, as well as between two populations within Chesapeake Bay, possibly as a consequence of translocations during the early twentieth century. Our study shows that inferences across multiple time scales are needed to evaluate population connectivity, especially as recent changes may identify threats to population persistence. C1 [Converse, Paul E.; Kuchta, Shawn R.; Roosenburg, Willem M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Kuchta, Shawn R.; Roosenburg, Willem M.] Ohio Univ, Ohio Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Henry, Paula F. P.; Haramis, G. Michael] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Converse, PE (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM paulconverse@icloud.com FU Ohio University; Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies; United States Geological Survey FX We thank Kristen Hart, Colleen Young, Robin Johnson, Daniel Day and others for sample collection, genotyping and logistical support. We thank the Hooper Lab at Ohio University for allowing access to their computer cluster. We thank Ohio University, the Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, and the United States Geological Survey for financial and logistical support. We thank the KRW discussion group at Ohio University for input and suggestions. We thank the five anonymous reviewers who greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. We thank Tracey Saxby, Kate Boicourt, and the Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center, for Environmental Science for high-resolution images of Chesapeake Bay. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 24 IS 23 BP 5864 EP 5876 DI 10.1111/mec.13440 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CX5QK UT WOS:000365756900011 PM 26518618 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, AB Geist, EL Fritz, HM Borrero, JC AF Rabinovich, Alexander B. Geist, Eric L. Fritz, Hermann M. Borrero, Jose C. TI Introduction to "Tsunami Science: Ten Years after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. Volume II." SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes and tsunamis; source parameters; Pacific and Indian oceans; Mediterranean Sea; DART; tsunami warning system; tsunami records; tsunami modeling; spectral analysis AB Twenty papers on the study of tsunamis and respective tsunamigenic earthquakes are included in Volume II of the PAGEOPH topical issue "Tsunami Science: Ten Years after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami". The papers presented in this second of two special volumes of Pure and Applied Geophysics reflect the state of tsunami science during this time, including five papers devoted to new findings specifically in the Indian Ocean. Two papers compile results from global observations and eight papers cover Pacific Ocean studies, focusing mainly on the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. Remaining papers in this volume describe studies in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea and tsunami source studies. Overall, the volume not only addresses the pivotal 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Tohoku tsunamis, but also examines the tsunami hazard posed to other critical coasts in the world. C1 [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fritz, Hermann M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Borrero, Jose C.] eCoast Ltd, Raglan 3225, New Zealand. [Borrero, Jose C.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Rabinovich, AB (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, 9860 West Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM A.B.Rabinovich@gmail.com; egeist@usgs.gov; fritz@gatech.edu; jose@ecoast.co.nz RI Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013 OI Fritz, Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 172 IS 12 SI SI BP 3265 EP 3270 DI 10.1007/s00024-015-1175-x PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX5BR UT WOS:000365716200001 ER PT J AU Lui, SKY Helmberger, D Wei, SJ Huang, YH Graves, RW AF Lui, Semechah K. Y. Helmberger, Don Wei, Shengji Huang, Yihe Graves, Robert W. TI Interrogation of the Megathrust Zone in the Tohoku-Oki Seismic Region by Waveform Complexity: Intraslab Earthquake Rupture and Reactivation of Subducted Normal Faults SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Waveform modeling; intraslab earthquakes; fault reactivation ID M-W 9.0; PACIFIC COAST; SEISMOGRAMS; SEQUENCE; MEDIA; MODEL AB Results from the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku-Oki megathrust earthquake display a complex rupture pattern, with most of the high-frequency energy radiated from the downdip edge of the seismogenic zone and very little from the large shallow rupture. Current seismic results of smaller earthquakes in this region are confusing due to disagreements among event catalogs on both the event locations (> 30 km horizontally) and mechanisms. Here we present an in-depth study of a series of intraslab earthquakes that occurred in a localized region near the downdip edge of the main shock. We explore the validity of 1D velocity model and refine earthquake source parameters for selected key events by performing broadband waveform modeling combining regional networks. These refined source parameters are then used to calibrate paths and further simulate secondary source properties, such as rupture directivity and fault dimension. Calculation of stress changes caused by the main event indicate that the region where these intraslab events occurred are prone to thrust events. This group of intraslab earthquakes suggest the reactivation of a subducted normal fault, and are potentially useful in enhancing our understanding on the downdip shear zone and large outer-rise events. C1 [Lui, Semechah K. Y.; Helmberger, Don; Wei, Shengji] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Huang, Yihe] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Lui, SKY (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Seismol Lab, 1200 E Calif Blvd,MS 252-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM klui@caltech.edu RI Wei, Shengji/M-2137-2015 OI Wei, Shengji/0000-0002-0319-0714 FU NSF [EAR-1142020] FX This study was supported by NSF Grant EAR-1142020. Broadband and Strong-motion waveforms were obtained from F-net, K-net, and Kik-Net of NIED. The Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) were used for creating some of the in-text figures. We would like to thank Hiroo Kanamori and Zhongwen Zhan for their insightful comments. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 172 IS 12 SI SI BP 3425 EP 3437 DI 10.1007/s00024-015-1042-9 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX5BR UT WOS:000365716200009 ER PT J AU Terry, LR Kulp, TR Wiatrowski, H Miller, LG Oremland, RS AF Terry, Lee R. Kulp, Thomas R. Wiatrowski, Heather Miller, Laurence G. Oremland, Ronald S. TI Microbiological Oxidation of Antimony(III) with Oxygen or Nitrate by Bacteria Isolated from Contaminated Mine Sediments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONO LAKE WATER; ARSENITE OXIDASE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ARSENATE REDUCTION; ANTIMONITE OXIDASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRAIN MLHE-1; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; GENETICS AB Bacterial oxidation of arsenite [As(III)] is a well-studied and important biogeochemical pathway that directly influences the mobility and toxicity of arsenic in the environment. In contrast, little is known about microbiological oxidation of the chemically similar anion antimonite [Sb(III)]. In this study, two bacterial strains, designated IDSBO-1 and IDSBO-4, which grow on tartrate compounds and oxidize Sb(III) using either oxygen or nitrate, respectively, as a terminal electron acceptor, were isolated from contaminated mine sediments. Both isolates belonged to the Comamonadaceae family and were 99% similar to previously described species. We identify these novel strains as Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis strain IDSBO-1 and Variovorax paradoxus strain IDSBO-4. Both strains possess a gene with homology to the aioA gene, which encodes an As(III)-oxidase, and both oxidize As(III) aerobically, but only IDSBO-4 oxidized Sb(III) in the presence of air, while strain IDSBO-1 could achieve this via nitrate respiration. Our results suggest that expression of aioA is not induced by Sb(III) but may be involved in Sb(III) oxidation along with an Sb(III)-specific pathway. Phylogenetic analysis of proteins encoded by the aioA genes revealed a close sequence similarity (90%) among the two isolates and other known As(III)-oxidizing bacteria, particularly Acidovorax sp. strain NO1. Both isolates were capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth using As(III) as a primary electron donor, and strain IDSBO-4 exhibited incorporation of radiolabeled [C-14]bicarbonate while oxidizing Sb(III) from Sb(III)-tartrate, suggesting possible Sb(III)-dependent autotrophy. Enrichment cultures produced the Sb(V) oxide mineral mopungite and lesser amounts of Sb(III)-bearing senarmontite as precipitates. C1 [Terry, Lee R.; Kulp, Thomas R.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Wiatrowski, Heather] Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Miller, Laurence G.; Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kulp, TR (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM tkulp@binghamton.edu NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 81 IS 24 BP 8478 EP 8488 DI 10.1128/AEM.01970-15 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA CW7XN UT WOS:000365212800022 PM 26431974 ER PT J AU Marienthal, A Hendrikx, J Birkeland, K Irvine, KM AF Marienthal, Alex Hendrikx, Jordy Birkeland, Karl Irvine, Kathryn M. TI Meteorological variables to aid forecasting deep slab avalanches on persistent weak layers SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Deep slabs; Avalanche forecasting; Classification trees; Random forest; Persistent weak layers ID CLASSIFICATION TREES; SNOW; PREDICTION; STABILITY; MOUNTAIN; FRACTURE AB Deep slab avalanches are particularly challenging to forecast. These avalanches are difficult to trigger, yet when they release they tend to propagate far and can result in large and destructive avalanches. We utilized a 44-year record of avalanche control and meteorological data from Bridger Bowl ski area in southwest Montana to test the usefulness of meteorological variables for predicting seasons and days with deep slab avalanches. We defined deep slab avalanches as those that failed on persistent weak layers deeper than 0.9 m, and that occurred after February 1st. Previous studies often used meteorological variables from days prior to avalanches, but we also considered meteorological variables over the early months of the season. We used classification trees and random forests for our analyses. Our results showed seasons with either dry or wet deep slabs on persistent weak layers typically had less precipitation from November through January than seasons without deep slabs on persistent weak layers. Days with deep slab avalanches on persistent weak layers often had warmer minimum 24-hour air temperatures, and more precipitation over the prior seven days, than days without deep slabs on persistent weak layers. Days with deep wet slab avalanches on persistent weak layers were typically preceded by three days of above freezing air temperatures. Seasonal and daily meteorological variables were found useful to aid forecasting dry and wet deep slab avalanches on persistent weak layers, and should be used in combination with continuous observation of the snowpack and avalanche activity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Marienthal, Alex; Hendrikx, Jordy; Birkeland, Karl] Montana State Univ, Snow & Avalanche Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Birkeland, Karl] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Marienthal, A (reprint author), POB 6337, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. EM alexmarienthal1@gmail.com OI Hendrikx, Jordy/0000-0001-6194-3596 FU American Avalanche Association Graduate Student Research Grant; Montana State University; Bridger Bowl; Gallatin National Forest Avalanche Center; Snow and Avalanche Laboratory at Montana State University FX The authors would like to acknowledge the American Avalanche Association Graduate Student Research Grant, Montana State University, and Bridger Bowl for financial support of this research. We also thank the Bridger Bowl ski patrol for collection and upkeep of weather and avalanche control records. Additional input and support that was crucial to this research came from Doug Richmond and Randy Elliot of Bridger Bowl, Scotty Savage and the Big Sky ski patrol, the Gallatin National Forest Avalanche Center, and the Snow and Avalanche Laboratory at Montana State University. We also thank Mark Greenwood and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 SI SI BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.08.007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA CW5RX UT WOS:000365055400024 ER PT J AU Peitzsch, EH Hendrikx, J Fagre, DB AF Peitzsch, Erich H. Hendrikx, Jordy Fagre, Daniel B. TI Terrain parameters of glide snow avalanches and a simple spatial glide snow avalanche model SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avalanches; Avalanche forecasting; Glide; Glacier National Park; Montana ID CLASSIFICATION TREES; MOUNTAIN; EVENT; SLAB; USA AB Glide snow avalanches are dangerous and difficult to predict. Despite substantial recent research there is still inadequate understanding regarding the controls of glide snow avalanche release. Glide snow avalanches often occur in similar terrain or the same locations annually, and repeat observations and prior work suggest that specific topography may be critical. Thus, to gain a better understanding of the terrain component of these types of avalanches we examined terrain parameters associated with the specific area of glide snow avalanche release in comparison to avalanche starting zones where no glide snow avalanches were observed (i.e. non-glide snow avalanche terrain). Glide snow avalanche occurrences visible from the Going-to-the-Sun Road corridor in Glacier National Park, Montana from 2003 to 2013 are investigated using a database of all avalanche occurrences derived of daily observations each year from 1 April to 1 June. This yielded 192 glide snow avalanches in 53 distinct avalanche paths. Each avalanche was digitized in a GIS using satellite, oblique, and aerial imagery as reference. A set of 117 non-glide snow avalanche starting zones were also selected in this manner. These were start zones with avalanche activity potential, but without glide avalanches observed. Topographical parameters such as area, slope, aspect, curvature, potential incoming solar radiation, distance from ridge, and elevation were then derived for the entire dataset utilizing tools with a GIS and a 10 m DEM. Ground class and a glide factor were calculated using a four level classification index with in-situ observations and a land surface type layer in a GIS. A total of 21 terrain variables were examined using a univariate analysis between areas where glide snow avalanches occurred and areas where glide snow avalanches were never observed, despite crack formation. Only two variables were not significantly different. The significantly different variables were then used to train a classification tree to distinguish between glide and non-glide snow avalanche terrain. A 10-fold cross validated tree resulted in four decision nodes to classify the data. The nodes split on glide factor, maximum slope angle, seasonal sum of incoming solar radiation, and maximum curvature to distinguish between glide snow avalanche and non-glide snow avalanche terrain with an unweighted average accuracy (RPC) of 0.95 and probability of detection of events (POD) of 0.99. Finally, the results of the cross-validated tree were used in a GIS to examine other areas, not used in the training dataset of the classification tree, of potential glide snow avalanche release within Glacier National Park. Using this understanding of the role of topographic parameters on glide snow avalanche activity, a spatial terrain based model was developed to identify other areas with high glide snow avalanche potential outside of the immediate observation area. This simple spatial model correctly classified 78 percent of actual glide snow avalanche terrain (pixel count) of a small test area of four independent observed glide snow avalanches. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Peitzsch, Erich H.; Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT USA. [Hendrikx, Jordy] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Snow & Avalanche Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Peitzsch, EH (reprint author), 215 Mather Dr,Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM epeitzsch@usgs.gov OI Peitzsch, Erich/0000-0001-7624-0455; Hendrikx, Jordy/0000-0001-6194-3596 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 SI SI BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.08.002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA CW5RX UT WOS:000365055400025 ER PT J AU Dennehy, KF Reilly, TE Cunningham, WL AF Dennehy, Kevin F. Reilly, Thomas E. Cunningham, William L. TI Groundwater availability in the United States: the value of quantitative regional assessments SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Groundwater management; Groundwater availability; Regional assessments; Quantitative analysis; USA ID WATER C1 [Dennehy, Kevin F.; Reilly, Thomas E.; Cunningham, William L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Dennehy, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM kdennehy@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1629 EP 1632 DI 10.1007/s10040-015-1307-5 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CW6AP UT WOS:000365079400001 ER PT J AU Pierce, DW Cayan, DR Maurer, EP Abatzoglou, JT Hegewisch, KC AF Pierce, David W. Cayan, Daniel R. Maurer, Edwin P. Abatzoglou, John T. Hegewisch, Katherine C. TI Improved Bias Correction Techniques for Hydrological Simulations of Climate Change SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Atmosphere-land interaction; Climate change; Hydrometeorology; Mathematical and statistical techniques; Bias; Statistical techniques; Models and modeling; Model errors ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICAN CLIMATE; LAND-SURFACE FLUXES; PRECIPITATION CHANGES; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; CMIP5; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; STREAMFLOW AB Global climate model (GCM) output typically needs to be bias corrected before it can be used for climate change impact studies. Three existing bias correction methods, and a new one developed here, are applied to daily maximum temperature and precipitation from 21 GCMs to investigate how different methods alter the climate change signal of the GCM. The quantile mapping (QM) and cumulative distribution function transform (CDF-t) bias correction methods can significantly alter the GCM's mean climate change signal, with differences of up to 2 degrees C and 30% points for monthly mean temperature and precipitation, respectively. Equidistant quantile matching (EDCDFm) bias correction preserves GCM changes in mean daily maximum temperature but not precipitation. An extension to EDCDFm termed PresRat is introduced, which generally preserves the GCM changes in mean precipitation. Another problem is that GCMs can have difficulty simulating variance as a function of frequency. To address this, a frequency-dependent bias correction method is introduced that is twice as effective as standard bias correction in reducing errors in the models' simulation of variance as a function of frequency, and it does so without making any locations worse, unlike standard bias correction. Last, a preconditioning technique is introduced that improves the simulation of the annual cycle while still allowing the bias correction to take account of an entire season's values at once. C1 [Pierce, David W.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Maurer, Edwin P.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Abatzoglou, John T.; Hegewisch, Katherine C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Pierce, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, Mail Stop 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dpierce@ucsd.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009; OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750 FU California Energy Commission [CEC-500-10-041]; USGS through the Southwest Climate Science Center; NOAA through the California Nevada Climate Applications Project (CNAP) Regional Integrated Science Applications (RISA) program FX This work was sponsored by the California Energy Commission under Contract CEC-500-10-041. Additional support for D.W.P. and D.C. came from the USGS through the Southwest Climate Science Center and from NOAA through the California Nevada Climate Applications Project (CNAP) Regional Integrated Science Applications (RISA) program. We also thank Ethan Gutmann of NCAR and an anonymous reviewer for thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this work, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for making available the library of regridded climate projections at http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2421 EP 2442 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0236.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW4QD UT WOS:000364975700003 ER PT J AU Ji, L Senay, GB Verdin, JP AF Ji, Lei Senay, Gabriel B. Verdin, James P. TI Evaluation of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) Air Temperature Data Products SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Temperature; Climate records; Data quality control; Model evaluation; performance; Reanalysis data ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; REANALYSIS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; NCEP; SIMULATIONS; RETRIEVALS; NETWORK; STORAGE; FLUX AB There is a high demand for agrohydrologic models to use gridded near-surface air temperature data as the model input for estimating regional and global water budgets and cycles. The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) developed by combining simulation models with observations provides a long-term gridded meteorological dataset at the global scale. However, the GLDAS air temperature products have not been comprehensively evaluated, although the accuracy of the products was assessed in limited areas. In this study, the daily 0.25 degrees resolution GLDAS air temperature data are compared with two reference datasets: 1) 1-km-resolution gridded Daymet data (2002 and 2010) for the conterminous United States and 2) global meteorological observations (2000-11) archived from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN). The comparison of the GLDAS datasets with the GHCN datasets, including 13 511 weather stations, indicates a fairly high accuracy of the GLDAS data for daily temperature. The quality of the GLDAS air temperature data, however, is not always consistent in different regions of the world; for example, some areas in Africa and South America show relatively low accuracy. Spatial and temporal analyses reveal a high agreement between GLDAS and Daymet daily air temperature datasets, although spatial details in high mountainous areas are not sufficiently estimated by the GLDAS data. The evaluation of the GLDAS data demonstrates that the air temperature estimates are generally accurate, but caution should be taken when the data are used in mountainous areas or places with sparse weather stations. C1 [Ji, Lei] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ASRC Fed InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.; Verdin, James P.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Ji, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow (WaterSMART) program; USGS [G13PC00028] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow (WaterSMART) program. The work by Lei Ji was performed under USGS Contract G13PC00028. We thank Stefanie Bohms (Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies) and Ronald Lietzow (USGS EROS Center) for assistance with processing the Daymet and GLDAS data. We also thank Manohar Velpuri for reviewing the manuscript and providing valuable comments. The GLDAS data used in this effort were acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2463 EP 2480 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0230.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW4QD UT WOS:000364975700005 ER PT J AU Melvin, AM Mack, MC Johnstone, JF McGuire, AD Genet, H Schuur, EAG AF Melvin, April M. Mack, Michelle C. Johnstone, Jill F. McGuire, A. David Genet, Helene Schuur, Edward A. G. TI Differences in Ecosystem Carbon Distribution and Nutrient Cycling Linked to Forest Tree Species Composition in a Mid-Successional Boreal Forest SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Boreal forest; wildfire; soils; above-ground net primary productivity; Picea mariana; Betula neoalaskana; carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; base cations ID SPRUCE WILDFIRE CHRONOSEQUENCE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL CARBON; STAND AGE; TAIGA FOREST; FIRE REGIME; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS AB In the boreal forest of Alaska, increased fire severity associated with climate change is expanding deciduous forest cover in areas previously dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana). Needle-leaf conifer and broad-leaf deciduous species are commonly associated with differences in tree growth, carbon (C) and nutrient cycling, and C accumulation in soils. Although this suggests that changes in tree species composition in Alaska could impact C and nutrient pools and fluxes, few studies have measured these linkages. We quantified C, nitrogen, phosphorus, and base cation pools and fluxes in three stands of black spruce and Alaska paper birch (Betula neoalaskana) that established following a single fire event in 1958. Paper birch consistently displayed characteristics of more rapid C and nutrient cycling, including greater aboveground net primary productivity, higher live foliage and litter nutrient concentrations, and larger ammonium and nitrate pools in the soil organic layer (SOL). Ecosystem C stocks (aboveground + SOL + 0-10 cm mineral soil) were similar for the two species; however, in black spruce, 78% of measured C was found in soil pools, primarily in the SOL, whereas aboveground biomass dominated ecosystem C pools in birch forest. Radiocarbon analysis indicated that approximately one-quarter of the black spruce SOL C accumulated prior to the 1958 fire, whereas no pre-fire C was observed in birch soils. Our findings suggest that tree species exert a strong influence over C and nutrient cycling in boreal forest and forest compositional shifts may have long-term implications for ecosystem C and nutrient dynamics. C1 [Melvin, April M.; Mack, Michelle C.; Schuur, Edward A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Genet, Helene] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Melvin, AM (reprint author), AAAS Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM aprilmmelvin@gmail.com OI Johnstone, Jill/0000-0001-6131-9339 FU Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [RC-2109]; Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service FX We thank Camilo Mojica, Samantha Miller, Demetra Panos, Bethany Avera, Simon McClung, Alicia Sendrowski, Peter Ganzlin, Melanie Jean, and many additional undergraduate assistants at the University of Florida for help in the field and laboratory. Grace Crummer and Julia Reiskind provided analytical assistance, Heather Alexander generously shared unpublished tree C and N concentration data, and Rosvel Bracho provided guidance in setting up the incubation experiment and processing acquired data. Wealso thank Jamie Hollingsworth for logistical help. Funding for this research was provided by the Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under project RC-2109. This study was also supported by the Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program, which is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2015 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1472 EP 1488 DI 10.1007/s10021-015-9912-7 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW6GS UT WOS:000365096400013 ER PT J AU James, DA Bothwell, ML Chipps, SR Carreiro, J AF James, Daniel A. Bothwell, Max L. Chipps, Steven R. Carreiro, John TI Use of phosphorus to reduce blooms of the benthic diatom Didymosphenia geminata in an oligotrophic stream SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphorus limitation; didymo; rock snot; river algal blooms ID PAIRED INTERVENTION ANALYSIS; FRESH-WATER DIATOM; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIVERS; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; FERTILIZATION; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY AB Blooms of the benthic alga, Didymosphenia geminata [Lyngbye (Schmidt)], were first documented in Rapid Creek, South Dakota, in 2002 and have since been associated with changes to aquatic resources. Low concentration of P has been associated with D. geminata stalk development (i.e., blooms), so we considered elevating P as a possible method to reduce D. geminata blooms. We conducted 2 whole-stream P-enrichment experiments in Rapid Creek during 2007 and 2008. Enrichment with a slow-release fertilizer (Osmocote (R): 14-14-14) in 2007 significantly reduced D. geminata blooms (indexed by D. geminata biomass) compared to upstream control sites. The reduction in biomass was less pronounced as distance from the enrichment source increased, a result indicating that P augmentation effectively decreased D. geminata biomass. In 2008, we implemented a before-after-control-impact (BACI) study to assess effects of a quick-release fertilizer (MAP: 11-52-0) on D. geminata biomass. The addition of 6 mu g/L P to Rapid Creek resulted in a significant decrease in D. geminata biomass within 0.6 km downstream of the nutrient-addition point. Effects on D. geminata biomass were not evident further downstream. This study provides evidence to support the hypothesis that low P concentration regulates D. geminata blooms. C1 [James, Daniel A.; Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Bothwell, Max L.] Environm Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Chipps, Steven R.] US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Carreiro, John] South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP James, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM daniel_james@fws.gov; max.bothwell@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; steven.chipps@sdstate.edu; john.carreiro@state.sd.us FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-15-R 1514]; Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University; US Geological Survey, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX J. Wilhite and J. Shearer from the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks and technicians from the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University assisted with laboratory and field work. P. Lorenzen from the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources processed Chla samples. Funding for this project was provided by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration (Project F-15-R 1514) administered by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Additional support was provided by the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University and the US Geological Survey, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources reviewed, approved, and permitted the use of nutrients in this study. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 42 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1272 EP 1281 DI 10.1086/683038 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CW2IM UT WOS:000364815000007 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Mcrae, SE Augspurger, T Ratcliffe, JA Nichols, RB Eads, CB Savidge, T Bogan, AE AF Smith, David R. McRae, Sarah E. Augspurger, Tom Ratcliffe, Judith A. Nichols, Robert B. Eads, Chris B. Savidge, Tim Bogan, Arthur E. TI Developing a conservation strategy to maximize persistence of an endangered freshwater mussel species while considering management effectiveness and cost SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussel; strategic conservation; decision analysis; structured decision making; Dwarf Wedgemussel; Alasmidonta heterodon; endangered species ID ALASMIDONTA-HETERODON BIVALVIA; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; DECISION-MAKING; LIFE-HISTORY; PEARL MUSSEL; MARGARITIFERA; UNCERTAINTY; UNIONIDAE; CLIMATE; HELP AB We used a structured decision-making process to develop conservation strategies to increase persistence of Dwarf Wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) in North Carolina, USA, while accounting for uncertainty in management effectiveness and considering costs. Alternative conservation strategies were portfolios of management actions that differed by location of management actions on the landscape. Objectives of the conservation strategy were to maximize species persistence, maintain genetic diversity, maximize public support, and minimize management costs. We compared 4 conservation strategies: 1) the 'status quo' strategy represented current management, 2) the 'protect the best' strategy focused on protecting the best populations in the Tar River basin, 3) the 'expand the distribution' strategy focused on management of extant populations and establishment of new populations in the Neuse River basin, and 4) the 'hybrid' strategy combined elements of each strategy to balance conservation in the Tar and Neuse River basins. A population model informed requirements for population management, and experts projected performance of alternative strategies over a 20-y period. The optimal strategy depended on the relative value placed on competing objectives, which can vary among stakeholders. The protect the best and hybrid strategies were optimal across a wide range of relative values with 2 exceptions: 1) if minimizing management cost was of overriding concern, then status quo was optimal, or 2) if maximizing population persistence in the Neuse River basin was emphasized, then expand the distribution strategy was optimal. The optimal strategy was robust to uncertainty in management effectiveness. Overall, the structured decision process can help identify the most promising strategies for endangered species conservation that maximize conservation benefit given the constraint of limited funding. C1 [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [McRae, Sarah E.; Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. [Ratcliffe, Judith A.] North Carolina Nat Heritage Program, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Nichols, Robert B.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Eads, Chris B.] North Carolina State Coll Vet Med, Aquat Epidemiol Conservat Lab, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Savidge, Tim] Catena Grp Inc, Hillsborough, NC 27278 USA. [Bogan, Arthur E.] North Carolina State Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM drsmith@usgs.gov; sarah_mcrae@fws.gov; tom_augspurger@fws.gov; judith.ratcliffe@ncdenr.gov; rob.nichols@ncwildlife.org; chris_eads@ncsu.edu; tsavidge@thecatenagroup.com; arthur.bogan@naturalsciences.org RI Bogan, Arthur/G-7658-2016 OI Bogan, Arthur/0000-0003-4042-7706 FU USFWS; USGS FX Funding was provided through an interagency agreement between USFWS and USGS. Our efforts benefitted from early discussions with Mike Runge and Jonathan Daily on problem framing and population modeling. We thank Heather Galbraith, Barry Wicklow, and Susi von Oettingen for helpful comments on early versions of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 26 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1324 EP 1339 DI 10.1086/683121 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CW2IM UT WOS:000364815000012 ER PT J AU Bixby, RJ Cooper, SD Gresswell, RE Brown, LE Dahm, CN Dwire, KA AF Bixby, Rebecca J. Cooper, Scott D. Gresswell, Robert E. Brown, Lee E. Dahm, Clifford N. Dwire, Kathleen A. TI Fire effects on aquatic ecosystems: an assessment of the current state of the science SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wildfire; aquatic ecosystems; streams; rivers; wetlands; ecosystem; biota; prescribed burns ID AFRICAN MOUNTAIN STREAM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; RIPARIAN AREAS; WATER-QUALITY; NATIONAL-PARK; WILDFIRE; USA; CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT AB Fire is a prevalent feature of many landscapes and has numerous and complex effects on geological, hydrological, ecological, and economic systems. In some regions, the frequency and intensity of wildfire have increased in recent years and are projected to escalate with predicted climatic and landuse changes. In addition, prescribed burns continue to be used in many parts of the world to clear vegetation for development projects, encourage desired vegetation, and reduce fuel loads. Given the prevalence of fire on the landscape, authors of papers in this special series examine the complexities of fire as a disturbance shaping freshwater ecosystems and highlight the state of the science. These papers cover key aspects of fire effects that range from vegetation loss and recovery in watersheds to effects on hydrology and water quality with consequences for communities (from algae to fish), food webs, and ecosystem processes (e.g., organic matter subsidies, nutrient cycling) across a range of scales. The results presented in this special series of articles expand our knowledge of fire effects in different biomes, water bodies, and geographic regions, encompassing aquatic population, community, and ecosystem responses. In this overview, we summarize each paper and emphasize its contributions to knowledge on fire ecology and freshwater ecosystems. This overview concludes with a list of 7 research foci that are needed to further our knowledge of fire effects on aquatic ecosystems, including research on: 1) additional biomes and geographic regions; 2) additional habitats, including wetlands and lacustrine ecosystems; 3) different fire severities, sizes, and spatial configurations; and 4) additional response variables (e.g., ecosystem processes) 5) over long (> 5 y) time scales 6) with more rigorous study designs and data analyses, and 7) consideration of the effects of fire management practices and policies on aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Bixby, Rebecca J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bixby, Rebecca J.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cooper, Scott D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Cooper, Scott D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gresswell, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Brown, Lee E.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Brown, Lee E.] Univ Leeds, Water Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dahm, Clifford N.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dwire, Kathleen A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bixby, RJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM bbixby@unm.edu; scott.cooper@lifesci.ucsb.edu; bgresswell@usgs.gov; l.brown@leeds.ac.uk; cdahm@sevilleta.unm.edu; kadwire@fs.fed.us OI Brown, Lee/0000-0002-2420-0088 FU New Mexico Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (National Science Foundation [NSF]); NSF's Rapid Response and Long-Term Ecological Research programs; EMBER (Effects of Moorland Burning on the Ecohydrology of River basins) project - UK's Natural Environment Research Council [NE/G00224X/1] FX Our gratitude is extended to Editor Pamela Silver and Editorial Assistant Sheila Storms for their invaluable assistance in organizing this special issue on fire effects. Blake Hossack provided valuable comments. We thank Sheila Wiseman for drafting the figure. RJB and CND acknowledge funding through the New Mexico Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (National Science Foundation [NSF]). SDC was supported by funds from the NSF's Rapid Response and Long-Term Ecological Research programs. LEB's contribution was supported via the EMBER (Effects of Moorland Burning on the Ecohydrology of River basins) project funded by the UK's Natural Environment Research Council (NE/G00224X/1). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 90 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1340 EP 1350 DI 10.1086/684073 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CW2IM UT WOS:000364815000013 ER PT J AU Sedell, ER Gresswell, RE McMahon, TE AF Sedell, Edwin R. Gresswell, Robert E. McMahon, Thomas E. TI Predicting spatial distribution of postfire debris flows and potential consequences for native trout in headwater streams SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fire; debris flows; channel networks; native trout; Cutthroat Trout; stream habitat; upper Colorado River Basin ID CHANNEL NETWORKS; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; INVASION; PATTERN; RISK; TOOL AB Habitat fragmentation and degradation and invasion of nonnative species have restricted the distribution of native trout. Many trout populations are limited to headwater streams where negative effects of predicted climate change, including reduced stream flow and increased risk of catastrophic fires, may further jeopardize their persistence. Headwater streams in steep terrain are especially susceptible to disturbance associated with postfire debris flows, which have led to local extirpation of trout populations in some systems. We conducted a reach-scale spatial analysis of debris-flow risk among 11 high-elevation watersheds of the Colorado Rocky Mountains occupied by isolated populations of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus). Stream reaches at high risk of disturbance by postfire debris flow were identified with the aid of a qualitative model based on 4 primary initiating and transport factors (hillslope gradient, flow accumulation pathways, channel gradient, and valley confinement). This model was coupled with a spatially continuous survey of trout distributions in these stream networks to assess the predicted extent of trout population disturbances related to debris flows. In the study systems, debris-flow potential was highest in the lower and middle reaches of most watersheds. Colorado River Cutthroat Trout occurred in areas of high postfire debris-flow risk, but they were never restricted to those areas. Postfire debris flows could extirpate trout from local reaches in these watersheds, but trout populations occupy refugia that should allow recolonization of interconnected, downstream reaches. Specific results of our study may not be universally applicable, but our risk assessment approach can be applied to assess postfire debris-flow risk for stream reaches in other watersheds. C1 [Sedell, Edwin R.; McMahon, Thomas E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Ecol & Management Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Gresswell, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Sedell, ER (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande Fish Res, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM edwin.r.sedell@state.or.us; bgresswell@usgs.gov; tmcmahon@montana.edu FU US Geological Survey; Department of Ecology, Montana State University FX Funding for this project was furnished by the US Geological Survey and the Department of Ecology, Montana State University. We thank W. F. Cross, S. H. Cannon, J. E. Gartner, and J. P. Michael for discussions that helped to shape this project. C. L. May offered insights concerning the approach to reach-scale debris-flow modeling. B. Griffis, Z. Betz, and D. Reynolds assisted with field sampling and K. Larkin provided information concerning the distribution of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout in the study area. C. E. Torgersen, W. F. Cross, A. S. Todd, and 3 anonymous referees offered numerous suggestions that greatly improved this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1558 EP 1570 DI 10.1086/684094 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CW2IM UT WOS:000364815000028 ER PT J AU Rosenberger, AE Dunham, JB Neuswanger, JR Railsback, SF AF Rosenberger, Amanda E. Dunham, Jason B. Neuswanger, Jason R. Railsback, Steven F. TI Legacy effects of wildfire on stream thermal regimes and rainbow trout ecology: an integrated analysis of observation and individual-based models SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rainbow Trout; wildfire; temperature; life history; disturbance ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; STEELHEAD TROUT; TERRITORY SIZE; FISH; HABITAT; TEMPERATURE; MATURATION; RIVER AB Management of aquatic resources in fire-prone areas requires understanding of fish species' responses to wildfire and of the intermediate- and long-term consequences of these disturbances. We examined Rainbow Trout populations in 9 headwater streams 10 y after a major wildfire: 3 with no history of severe wildfire in the watershed (unburned), 3 in severely burned watersheds (burned), and 3 in severely burned watersheds subjected to immediate events that scoured the stream channel and eliminated streamside vegetation (burned and reorganized). Results of a previous study of this system suggested the primary lasting effects of this wildfire history on headwater stream habitat were differences in canopy cover and solar radiation, which led to higher summer stream temperatures. Nevertheless, trout were present throughout streams in burned watersheds. Older age classes were least abundant in streams draining watersheds with a burned and reorganized history, and individuals >1 y old were most abundant in streams draining watersheds with an unburned history. Burned history corresponded with fast growth, low lipid content, and early maturity of Rainbow Trout. We used an individual-based model of Rainbow Trout growth and demographic patterns to determine if temperature interactions with bioenergetics and competition among individuals could lead to observed phenotypic and ecological differences among populations in the absence of other plausible mechanisms. Modeling suggested that moderate warming associated with wildfire and channel disturbance history leads to faster individual growth, which exacerbates competition for limited food, leading to decreases in population densities. The inferred mechanisms from this modeling exercise suggest the transferability of ecological patterns to a variety of temperature-warming scenarios. C1 [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Neuswanger, Jason R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Railsback, Steven F.] Lang Railsback & Associates, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Rosenberger, AE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM rosenbergera@missouri.edu; jdunham@usgs.gov; jneuswanger@uga.edu; steve@langrailsback.com FU National Fire Plan; US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Boise National Forest FX We thank M. Kellett, D. Horan, J. Benjamin, B. Nelson, D. Bolin, C. Cusack, T. Jongeward, T. Arrington, K. Bott, A. Golart, K. Bednarczyk, M. Beatty, and G. Tessmer for assistance in the field. We also thank D. Nagel for offering his geographical information system expertise to provide canopy cover data for analysis. B. Gutierrez, B. Harvey, and B. Rieman provided helpful advice and comments on our study throughout its progress. Special thanks to S. Emmerichs, R. Al-Chokhachy, Guest Editor Bob Gresswell, and anonymous referees for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the National Fire Plan, the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, and US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, in cooperation with the Boise National Forest. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Animal care and use protocols followed recent guidelines provided by the American Fisheries Society (http://fisheries.org/docs/wp/Guidelines-for-Use-of-Fishes.pdf). NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 24 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1571 EP 1584 DI 10.1086/683338 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CW2IM UT WOS:000364815000029 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JJ Spry, PG Teale, GS Jackson, SE Koenig, AE AF O'Brien, Joshua J. Spry, Paul G. Teale, Graham S. Jackson, Simon E. Koenig, Alan E. TI Gahnite composition as a means to fingerprint metamorphosed massive sulfide and non-sulfide zinc deposits SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Gahnite; Trace elements; Metamorphosed sulfides; Exploration ID BLEIKVASSLI ZN-PB-(CU) DEPOSIT; ZN-AG MINERALIZATION; BROKEN-HILL BLOCK; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; BASE-METAL; NEW-JERSEY; BERGSLAGEN REGION; MINOR ELEMENTS; OXIDE DEPOSITS; STERLING-HILL AB Gahnite occurs in and around metamorphosed massive sulfide (e.g., Broken Hill-type Pb-Zn-Ag (BHT), volcanogenic massive sulfide Cu-Zn-Pb-Au-Ag (VMS), sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX)), and nonsulfide zinc (NSZ) deposits. In addition to occurring in situ, gahnite occurs as a resistate indicator mineral in unconsolidated sediments (e.g., glacial till) surrounding such deposits. The spatial association between gahnite and metamorphosed ore deposits has resulted in its use as an empirical exploration guide to ore. Major and trace element compositions of gahnite from BHT, NSZ, SEDEX, and VMS deposits are used here to develop geochemical fingerprints for each deposit type. A classification tree diagram, using a combination of six discrimination plots, is presented here to identify the provenance of detrital gahnite in greenfield and brownfield terranes, which can be used as an exploration guide to metamorphosed massive sulfide and non-sulfide zinc deposits. The composition of gahnite in BHT deposits is discriminated from gahnite in SEDEX and VMS deposits on the basis of plots of Mg versus V, and Co versus V. Gahnite in SEDEX deposits can be distinguished from that in VMS deposits using plots of Co versus V, Mn versus Ti, and Co versus Ti. In the Sterling Hill NSZ deposit, gahnite contains higher concentrations of Fe3+ and Cd, and lower amounts of Al, Mg, and Co than gahnite in BHT, SEDEX, and VMS deposits. Plots of Co versus Cd, and Al versus Mg distinguish gahnite in the Sterling Hill NSZ deposit from the other types of deposits. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Brien, Joshua J.; Spry, Paul G.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Teale, Graham S.] Teale & Associates, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. [Jackson, Simon E.] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Spry, PG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, 253 Sci 1, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pgspry@iastate.edu FU Hugo Dummett Fund Research Grant from the Society of Economic Geologists; Iowa State University Incentive Grant FX A Hugo Dummett Fund Research Grant to JJO from the Society of Economic Geologists and an Iowa State University Incentive Grant to PGS provided funding for this project. We thank Ellery Frahm, Anette von der Handt, and Fred Davis for assistance with electron microprobe analyses. Assistance from Angela Zhang through the REAP summer internship program at Iowa State University is also appreciated. We also thank Kate Frank for collecting trace element data on gahnite from the Sterling Hill deposit and Andy Tomkins for evaluating an earlier draft of this manuscript. Maria Boni and Magnus Ripa are sincerely thanked for their constructive and helpful reviews of this paper. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 EI 1879-1689 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 159 BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.08.005 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CW3MO UT WOS:000364896600005 ER PT J AU Brand, G Vondracek, B Jordan, NR AF Brand, Genevieve Vondracek, Bruce Jordan, Nicholas R. TI Influence of grazing and land use on stream-channel characteristics among small dairy farms in the Eastern United States SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE rotational grazing; confinement grazing; riparian areas; farm scale; pasture; row crops ID MID-ATLANTIC REGION; WATER-QUALITY; NEW-ZEALAND; SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; HABITAT QUALITY AB Rotational grazing (RG) is a livestock management practice that rotates grazing cattle on a scale of hours to days among small pastures termed paddocks. It may beneficially affect stream channels, relative to other livestock management practices. Such effects and other beneficial effects on hydrology are important to RG's potential to provide a highly multifunctional mode of livestock farming. Previous comparisons of effects of RG and confinement dairy (CD) on adjoining streams have been restricted in scale and scope. We examined 11 stream-channel characteristics on a representative sample of 37 small dairy farms that used either RG or CD production methods. Our objectives were: (1) to compare channel characteristics on RG and CD farms, as these production methods are implemented in practice, in New York, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, USA; and (2) to examine land use on these farms that may affect stream-channel characteristics. To help interpret channel characteristic findings, we examined on-farm land use in riparian areas 50 m in width along both sides of stream reaches and whole-farm land use. In all states, stream-channel characteristics on RG and CD farms did not differ. Whole-farm land use differed significantly between farm types; CD farms allocated more land to annual row crops, whereas RG farms allocated more land to pasture and grassland. However, land cover in 50 m riparian areas was not different between farm types within states; in particular, many RG and CD farms had continuously grazed pastures in riparian areas, typically occupied by juvenile and non-lactating cows, which may have contributed sediment and nutrients to streams. This similarity in riparian management practices may explain the observed similarity of farm types with respect to stream-channel characteristics. To realize the potential benefits of RG on streams, best management practices that affect stream-channel characteristics, such as protection of riparian areas, may improve aggregate effects of RG on stream quality and also enhance other environment, economic and social benefits of RG. C1 [Brand, Genevieve] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jordan, Nicholas R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vondracek, B (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bvondrac@umn.edu FU National Science Foundation from the Coupled Human-Natural Systems Program [0709613]; US Geological Survey; University of Minnesota; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This project was funded by National Science Foundation Grant 0709613, from the Coupled Human-Natural Systems Program. We thank S. Graves, A. Nessley, K. Clower and the researchers and field crew that contributed information, biophysical, social and geographic, that made our analysis possible, and S. Manson and J. Immich for GIS analyses. The Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, the University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Wildlife Management Institute and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 EI 1742-1713 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 524 EP 536 DI 10.1017/S1742170514000362 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA CW4JZ UT WOS:000364958900004 ER PT J AU Rodhouse, TJ Ormsbee, PC Irvine, KM Vierling, LA Szewczak, JM Vierling, KT AF Rodhouse, Thomas J. Ormsbee, Patricia C. Irvine, Kathryn M. Vierling, Lee A. Szewczak, Joseph M. Vierling, Kerri T. TI Establishing conservation baselines with dynamic distribution models for bat populations facing imminent decline SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical model; Chiroptera; keystone structures; life history; spatio-temporal variation; species distribution modelling; species-energy theory; trend; turnover ID WIND ENERGY FACILITIES; WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; LONG-LEGGED MYOTIS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UNITED-STATES; DAY ROOSTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; OCCUPANCY MODELS; EXTINCTION RISK; CENTRAL OREGON AB Aim Bat mortality rates from white-nose syndrome and wind power development are unprecedented. Cryptic and wide-ranging behaviours of bats make them difficult to survey, and population estimation is often intractable. We advance a model-based framework for making spatially explicit predictions about summertime distributions of bats from capture and acoustic surveys. Motivated by species-energy and life-history theory, our models describe hypotheses about spatio-temporal variation in bat distributions along environmental gradients and life-history attributes, providing a statistical basis for conservation decision-making. Location Oregon and Washington, USA. Methods We developed Bayesian hierarchical models for 14 bat species from an 8-year monitoring dataset across a similar to 430,000km(2) study area. Models accounted for imperfect detection and were temporally dynamic. We mapped predicted occurrence probabilities and prediction uncertainties as baselines for assessing future declines. Results Forest cover, snag abundance and cliffs were important predictors for most species. Species occurrence patterns varied along elevation and precipitation gradients, suggesting a potential hump-shaped diversity-productivity relationship. Annual turnover in occurrence was generally low, and occurrence probabilities were stable among most species. We found modest evidence that turnover covaried with the relative riskiness of bat roosting and migration. The fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes), canyon bat (Parastrellus hesperus) and pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) were rare; fringed myotis occurrence probabilities declined over the study period. We simulated anticipated declines to demonstrate that mapped occurrence probabilities, updated over time, provide an intuitive way to assess bat conservation status for a broad audience. Main conclusions Landscape keystone structures associated with roosting habitat emerged as regionally important predictors of bat distributions. The challenges of bat monitoring have constrained previous species distribution modelling efforts to temporally static presence-only approaches. Our approach extends to broader spatial and temporal scales than has been possible in the past for bats, making a substantial increase in capacity for bat conservation. C1 [Rodhouse, Thomas J.] Upper Columbia Basin Network, Natl Pk Serv, Bend, OR 97701 USA. [Ormsbee, Patricia C.] US Forest Serv, Bur Land Management Reg, Springfield, OR 97477 USA. [Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Vierling, Lee A.] Univ Idaho, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Szewczak, Joseph M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Vierling, Kerri T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Rodhouse, TJ (reprint author), Upper Columbia Basin Network Inventory & Monitori, Natl Pk Serv, 63095 Deschutes Market Rd, Bend, OR 97701 USA. EM tom_rodhouse@nps.gov RI Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016; OI Rodhouse, Thomas/0000-0001-5953-9113 FU U.S. Forest Service; Bureau of Land Management; Department of Defense Legacy Program; National Park Service FX Funding for the Bat Grid was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Department of Defense Legacy Program. The National Park Service provided additional funding and support. We thank the contributors to the Bat Grid. L. Cousineau provided data management support. J. Hobson provided GIS support. J. Sauer provided helpful comments during preparation of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 104 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1401 EP 1413 DI 10.1111/ddi.12372 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV5TM UT WOS:000364334100004 ER PT J AU Liao, W Timm, OE Zhang, CX Atkinson, CT LaPointe, DA Samuel, MD AF Liao, Wei Timm, Oliver Elison Zhang, Chunxi Atkinson, Carter T. LaPointe, Dennis A. Samuel, Michael D. TI Will a warmer and wetter future cause extinction of native Hawaiian forest birds? SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; climate model; Hawaiian forest birds; mathematical modeling; mosquito vector ID CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS DIPTERA; MALARIA PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; AVIAN MALARIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; UPPER ELEVATION; POPULATION; TRANSMISSION; CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURE AB Isolation of the Hawaiian archipelago produced a highly endemic and unique avifauna. Avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum), an introduced mosquito-borne pathogen, is a primary cause of extinctions and declines of these endemic honeycreepers. Our research assesses how global climate change will affect future malaria risk and native bird populations. We used an epidemiological model to evaluate future bird-mosquito-malaria dynamics in response to alternative climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Climate changes during the second half of the century accelerate malaria transmission and cause a dramatic decline in bird abundance. Different temperature and precipitation patterns produce divergent trajectories where native birds persist with low malaria infection under a warmer and dryer projection (RCP4.5), but suffer high malaria infection and severe reductions under hot and dry (RCP8.5) or warm and wet (A1B) futures. We conclude that future global climate change will cause significant decreases in the abundance and diversity of remaining Hawaiian bird communities. Because these effects appear unlikely before mid-century, natural resource managers have time to implement conservation strategies to protect this unique avifauna from further decimation. Similar climatic drivers for avian and human malaria suggest that mitigation strategies for Hawai'i have broad application to human health. C1 [Liao, Wei] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Timm, Oliver Elison] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Zhang, Chunxi] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Atkinson, Carter T.; LaPointe, Dennis A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X FU U. S. Geological Survey, Pacific Islands Climate Change Center; NSF Biocomplexity [DEB 0083944]; Forest and Wildlife Ecology Department at the University of Wisconsin, Madison FX The U. S. Geological Survey, Pacific Islands Climate Change Center, provided financial support for this research. The NSF Biocomplexity grant DEB 0083944 provided financial support for development of the forest bird-malaria simulation model. The Forest and Wildlife Ecology Department at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, provided funds for publication costs. We thank L. Fortini for providing valuable comments on our paper. T. Giambelluca, H. Diaz, and E. Paxton contribute to our discussions about climate change modeling. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 90 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 4342 EP 4352 DI 10.1111/gcb.13005 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW1UO UT WOS:000364777400006 PM 26111019 ER PT J AU Bachelet, D Ferschweiler, K Sheehan, TJ Sleeter, BM Zhu, ZL AF Bachelet, Dominique Ferschweiler, Ken Sheehan, Timothy J. Sleeter, Benjamin M. Zhu, Zhiliang TI Projected carbon stocks in the conterminous USA with land use and variable fire regimes SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; CMIP3; DGVM; fire; land use; simulation; SRES; USA ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FOREST; DYNAMICS; FUTURE; CO2; ECOSYSTEMS; DROUGHT AB The dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) MC2 was run over the conterminous USA at 30 arc sec (similar to 800m) to simulate the impacts of nine climate futures generated by 3GCMs (CSIRO, MIROC and CGCM3) using 3 emission scenarios (A2, A1B and B1) in the context of the LandCarbon national carbon sequestration assessment. It first simulated potential vegetation dynamics from coast to coast assuming no human impacts and naturally occurring wildfires. A moderate effect of increased atmospheric CO2 on water use efficiency and growth enhanced carbon sequestration but did not greatly influence woody encroachment. The wildfires maintained prairie-forest ecotones in the Great Plains. With simulated fire suppression, the number and impacts of wildfires was reduced as only catastrophic fires were allowed to escape. This greatly increased the expansion of forests and woodlands across the western USA and some of the ecotones disappeared. However, when fires did occur, their impacts (both extent and biomass consumed) were very large. We also evaluated the relative influence of human land use including forest and crop harvest by running the DGVM with land use (and fire suppression) and simple land management rules. From 2041 through 2060, carbon stocks (live biomass, soil and dead biomass) of US terrestrial ecosystems varied between 155 and 162Pg C across the three emission scenarios when potential natural vegetation was simulated. With land use, periodic harvest of croplands and timberlands as well as the prevention of woody expansion across the West reduced carbon stocks to a range of 122-126Pg C, while effective fire suppression reduced fire emissions by about 50%. Despite the simplicity of our approach, the differences between the size of the carbon stocks confirm other reports of the importance of land use on the carbon cycle over climate change. C1 [Bachelet, Dominique; Ferschweiler, Ken; Sheehan, Timothy J.] Western Geog Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Inst, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sleeter, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Renton, VA USA. RP Bachelet, D (reprint author), Western Geog Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Inst, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dominique@consbio.org FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Landuse Program through USGS grant [G12AC20214] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Landuse Program through USGS grant G12AC20214. The authors want to acknowledge Dr Rama Nemani, NASA, for allowing them free access to the Pleiades NASA supercomputer. The authors also want to thank two anonymous reviewers who greatly contributed to improving the first version of this paper. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 4548 EP 4560 DI 10.1111/gcb.13048 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW1UO UT WOS:000364777400022 PM 26207729 ER PT J AU Reddy, AD Hawbaker, TJ Wurster, F Zhu, Z Ward, S Newcomb, D Murray, R AF Reddy, A. D. Hawbaker, T. J. Wurster, F. Zhu, Z. Ward, S. Newcomb, D. Murray, R. TI Quantifying soil carbon loss and uncertainty from a peatland wildfire using multi-temporal LiDAR SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Soil carbon; Fire; Peat lands; LiDAR; Vertical accuracy ID DRAINAGE; RATES; EMISSIONS; INDONESIA; RESPONSES; FINLAND; LIMITS; MIRES; POOL AB Peatlands are a major reservoir of global soil carbon, yet account for just 3% of global land cover. Human impacts like draining can hinder the ability of peatlands to sequester carbon and expose their soils to fire under dry conditions. Estimating soil carbon loss from peat fires can be challenging due to uncertainty about pre-fire surface elevations. This study uses multi-temporal LiDAR to obtain pre- and post-fire elevations and estimate soil carbon loss caused by the 2011 Lateral West fire in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, VA, USA. We also determine how LiDAR elevation error affects uncertainty in our carbon loss estimate by randomly perturbing the LiDAR point elevations and recalculating elevation change and carbon loss, iterating this process 1000 times. We calculated a total loss using LiDAR of 1.10 Tg C across the 25 km(2) burned area The fire burned an average of 47 cm deep, equivalent to 44 kg C/m(2), a value larger than the 1997 Indonesian peat fires (29 kg C/m(2)). Carbon loss via the First-Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) was estimated to be 0.06 Tg C. Propagating the LiDAR elevation error to the carbon loss estimates, we calculated a standard deviation of 0.00009 Tg C, equivalent to 0.008% of total carbon loss. We conclude that LiDAR elevation error is not a significant contributor to uncertainty in soil carbon loss under severe fire conditions with substantial peat consumption. However, uncertainties may be more substantial when soil elevation loss is of a similar or smaller magnitude than the reported LiDAR error. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Reddy, A. D.; Zhu, Z.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Hawbaker, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wurster, F.; Murray, R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Suffolk, VA USA. [Ward, S.; Newcomb, D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Reddy, AD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey, Climate and Land Use Mission Area Land Change Science and Land Remote Sensing Programs; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We are grateful to the U.S. Geological Survey, Climate and Land Use Mission Area Land Change Science and Land Remote Sensing Programs for providing funding to support this research. We also thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their support and participation in this project. The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service's Kellogg Soil Survey Lab in Lincoln, NE, graciously analyzed samples and provided guidance on sample collection. NRCS scientists Greg Hammer and Rachel Stull helped guide the soil sampling protocol in Virginia while NRCS interns Elizabeth Ruiz and Aaron Hayes assisted with sample collection. Rich Ferguson and Steve Monteith coordinated soil analyses at the Kellogg Soil Survey Lab. Two anonymous reviewers, Jay Diffendorfer, Jason Stoker and Janet Slate provided insightful comments on this manuscript and their comments helped to improve its completeness and clarity. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 170 BP 306 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.09.017 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CW1CB UT WOS:000364726100026 ER PT J AU Carswell, BL Peterson, JT Jennings, CA AF Carswell, Ben L. Peterson, James T. Jennings, Cecil A. TI Tidal management affects sub-adult fish assemblages in impounded South Carolina marshes SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Diversity; Early-life stages; Fragmentation; Impoundment; Light trap; Salt marsh ID SALT-MARSH; NORTH-CAROLINA; JUVENILE FISHES; LARVAL; ESTUARIES; HABITAT; RECRUITMENT; CRUSTACEANS; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY AB In coastal South Carolina, most impounded marshes are managed for waterfowl; fewer are managed for fishes. Tidal control is central to each strategy but raises concerns that nursery function could be impaired. This research examined the assemblage composition of fishes during early-life stages. We sampled two impoundments of each management type monthly in 2008 and 2009. We used light traps to collect 61,527 sub-adult fish representing 21 species and 16 families and push nets to collect 12,670 sub-adult fish representing 13 species and 11 families. The effective number of species detected at larval stage in "fish" impoundments (summer mean = 2.52 +/- A 0.20, winter mean = 2.02 +/- A 0.66) was greater than in "waterfowl" impoundments (summer mean = 1.27 +/- A 0.14, winter mean = 1.06 +/- A 0.09); CI = 90 %. Species richness did not differ between management types, but hierarchical linear models predicted differences in assemblage composition. These findings underscore the importance of frequent water exchange for maintaining diverse assemblages of early-life-stage fishes in marsh impoundments. C1 [Carswell, Ben L.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, James T.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bcarswell@gmail.com; jennings@uga.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute; University of Georgia Animal Use Permit [2009-3-060] FX We extend our gratitude to Ernie Wiggers and Eddie Mills of the Nemours Wildlife Foundation for local expertise and technical assistance; Rebecca C. Peterson, Kelly F. Robinson, and John L. Carswell Jr. for help in the field and the laboratory; Colin P. Shea for guidance in data analysis; and Dorothy L. Carswell for providing a photographic record of our field efforts. This research was supported with a Grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit is sponsored jointly by Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. This study was performed under the auspices of the University of Georgia Animal Use Permit #2009-3-060. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 EI 1572-9834 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1015 EP 1031 DI 10.1007/s11273-015-9435-1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CV7ZF UT WOS:000364495400004 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Swanson, W Strauss, EA Thomsen, M Yin, Y AF De Jager, Nathan R. Swanson, Whitney Strauss, Eric A. Thomsen, Meredith Yin, Yao TI Flood pulse effects on nitrification in a floodplain forest impacted by herbivory, invasion, and restoration SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; Disturbance; Flood pulse; Herbivory; Nitrogen; Phalaris arundinacea; Restoration ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GRASS PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; SOIL-NITROGEN; MICROBIAL PROCESSES; STREAM RESTORATION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; CYCLING PROCESSES; PLANT INVASIONS AB We tested the hypothesis that management actions that alter floodplain plant communities will modify the effects of flooding on gross nitrification, a key process regulating the flux of nitrate along river-floodplains. Soils were collected from mature forests, patches of Phalaris arundinacea, an exotic grass, and areas restored to early successional forest (unbrowsed and browsed) in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain. Samples were collected across an elevation gradient and along the descending limb of the hydrograph to test for effects of flooding. In all three forest types, soil properties were less favorable for nitrification as elevation increased, due to decreasing organic matter, porosity, total nitrogen, and temperature. In contrast, Phalaris maintained high soil organic matter and porosity as floodplain elevation increased. Corresponding with the differences in soil properties found in forested plots, the highest rates of potential gross nitrification were found in the lower elevation sites immediately following the spring flood (1-8 days post inundation). These high rates were later followed by a rapid decline in both NH4 (+)-N and nitrification with increasing time since inundation (> 11 days post inundation). Nitrification rates were also highest following the flood in Phalaris sites, but rates did not depend on elevation, likely because of the lack of elevational differences in soil properties. Our results generally support the flood-pulse concept of river-floodplain connectivity, with the highest nitrification rates found in areas and during times immediately following inundation. Furthermore, restoration of forest cover in areas invaded by Phalaris appears likely to restore flood-pulse effects on abiotic soil properties and nitrification dynamics. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.; Yin, Yao] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [De Jager, Nathan R.; Swanson, Whitney; Strauss, Eric A.; Thomsen, Meredith] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [De Jager, Nathan R.; Swanson, Whitney; Strauss, Eric A.; Thomsen, Meredith] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program; USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center; University of Wisconsin-La Crosse River Studies Center FX Funding for this research was provided to N.R. De Jager and Y. Yin through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program. W. Swanson was supported through a cooperative research agreement between the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center and the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse River Studies Center. Logistical support for field work and maintenance of the study site as an experiment was provided by Randy Urich and the environmental stewardship staff at the La Crescent field office of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District. Helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript were provided by Rebecca Kreiling, Daniel Hernandez, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade names of products does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 EI 1572-9834 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1067 EP 1081 DI 10.1007/s11273-015-9445-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CV7ZF UT WOS:000364495400008 ER PT J AU Davis, BN Werpy, J Friesz, A Impecoven, K Quenzer, RJ Maiersperger, T Meyer, DJ AF Davis, Brian N. Werpy, Jason Friesz, Aaron Impecoven, Kevin Quenzer, Robert J. Maiersperger, Thomas Meyer, David J. TI Interactive Access to LP DAAC Satellite Data Archives Through a Combination of Open-Source and Custom Middleware Web Services SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Current methods of searching for and retrieving data from satellite land remote sensing archives do not allow for interactive information extraction. Instead, Earth science data users are required to download files over low-bandwidth networks to local workstations and process data before science questions can be addressed. New methods of extracting information from data archives need to become more interactive to meet user demands for deriving increasingly complex information from rapidly expanding archives. Moving the tools required for processing data to computer systems of data providers, and away from systems of the data consumer, can improve turnaround times for data processing workflows. The implementation of middleware services was used to provide interactive access to archive data. The goal of this middleware services development is to enable Earth science data users to access remote sensing archives for immediate answers to science questions instead of links to large volumes of data to download and process. Exposing data and metadata to web-based services enables machine-driven queries and data interaction. Also, product quality information can be integrated to enable additional filtering and sub-setting. Only the reduced content required to complete an analysis is then transferred to the user. C1 [Davis, Brian N.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Sci EROS Ctr, SGT Inc, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Werpy, Jason; Friesz, Aaron; Impecoven, Kevin] USGS EROS Ctr, Informat Dynam, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Quenzer, Robert J.; Maiersperger, Thomas] USGS EROS Ctr, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Meyer, David J.] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Davis, BN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Sci EROS Ctr, SGT Inc, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM bdavis@usgs.gov; jwerpy@usgs.gov; afriesz@usgs.gov; kimpecoven@usgs.gov; rquenzer@usgs.gov; tmaiersperger@usgs.gov; dmeyer@usgs.gov FU NASA [NNG14HH33I] FX All work was funded by NASA. Contract work was performed under NASA contract NNG14HH33I. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-6831 J9 IEEE GEOSC REM SEN M JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Mag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 3 IS 4 BP 8 EP 20 DI 10.1109/MGRS.2015.2505999 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EF0HB UT WOS:000390005400003 ER PT J AU Shryock, DF Havrilla, CA DeFalco, LA Esque, TC Custer, NA Wood, TE AF Shryock, Daniel F. Havrilla, Caroline A. DeFalco, Lesley A. Esque, Todd C. Custer, Nathan A. Wood, Troy E. TI Landscape genomics of Sphaeralcea ambigua in the Mojave Desert: a multivariate, spatially-explicit approach to guide ecological restoration SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive genetic variability; AFLP; Generalized dissimilarity model; Genome scan; Landscape genomics; Spatial interpolation ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; ADAPTIVE GENETIC-VARIATION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL-CHANGE; RANGE SHIFTS; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; COLEOGYNE-RAMOSISSIMA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR MARKERS AB Local adaptation influences plant species' responses to climate change and their performance in ecological restoration. Fine-scale physiological or phenological adaptations that direct demographic processes may drive intraspecific variability when baseline environmental conditions change. Landscape genomics characterize adaptive differentiation by identifying environmental drivers of adaptive genetic variability and mapping the associated landscape patterns. We applied such an approach to Sphaeralcea ambigua, an important restoration plant in the arid southwestern United States, by analyzing variation at 153 amplified fragment length polymorphism loci in the context of environmental gradients separating 47 Mojave Desert populations. We identified 37 potentially adaptive loci through a combination of genome scan approaches. We then used a generalized dissimilarity model (GDM) to relate variability in potentially adaptive loci with spatial gradients in temperature, precipitation, and topography. We identified non-linear thresholds in loci frequencies driven by summer maximum temperature and water stress, along with continuous variation corresponding to temperature seasonality. Two GDM-based approaches for mapping predicted patterns of local adaptation are compared. Additionally, we assess uncertainty in spatial interpolations through a novel spatial bootstrapping approach. Our study presents robust, accessible methods for deriving spatially-explicit models of adaptive genetic variability in non-model species that will inform climate change modelling and ecological restoration. C1 [Shryock, Daniel F.; DeFalco, Lesley A.; Esque, Todd C.; Custer, Nathan A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. [Havrilla, Caroline A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wood, Troy E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Shryock, DF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 North Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. EM dshryock@usgs.gov OI Shryock, Daniel/0000-0003-0330-9815 FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Las Vegas Field Office, NV; BLM, California State Office; BLM, Arizona Strip Field Office, AZ; U.S. Geological Survey, Priority Ecosystem Science Program; United States Department of the Interior, BLM Native Plant Materials Program FX We thank F. Edwards [U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Las Vegas Field Office, NV], C. Lund (BLM, California State Office), and K. Harcksen and J. Fox (BLM, Arizona Strip Field Office, AZ) for funding support. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Priority Ecosystem Science Program, and the United States Department of the Interior, BLM Native Plant Materials Program. This manuscript was significantly improved by comments from Amy Vandergast and three anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. Experiments described here comply with all rules and regulations pertaining to the land and resources where they were performed. NR 97 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1317 DI 10.1007/s10592-015-0741-1 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CV0QZ UT WOS:000363957700004 ER PT J AU Brown, ED Williams, BK AF Brown, Eleanor D. Williams, Byron K. TI Resilience and Resource Management SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Resilience; Resource management; Threshold; Uncertainty ID REGIME SHIFTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; SOCIAL RESILIENCE; GRAZING SYSTEMS; STABLE STATES; ECOSYSTEMS; UNCERTAINTY; TRANSITIONS; AUSTRALIA; DISASTERS AB Resilience is an umbrella concept with many different shades of meaning. The use of the term has grown over the past several decades to the point that by now, many disciplines have their own definitions and metrics. In this paper, we aim to provide a context and focus for linkages of resilience to natural resources management. We consider differences and similarities in resilience as presented in several disciplines relevant to resource management. We present a conceptual framework that includes environmental drivers, management interventions, and system responses cast in terms of system resilience, as well as a process for decision making that allows learning about system resilience through experience and incorporation of that learning into management. We discuss the current state of operational management for resilience, and suggest ways to improve it. Finally, we describe the challenges in managing for resilience and offer some recommendations about the scientific information needs and scientific issues relevant to making resilience a more meaningful component of natural resources management. C1 [Brown, Eleanor D.] US Geol Survey, Sci & Decis Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Williams, Byron K.] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Brown, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sci & Decis Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ebrown@usgs.gov FU USGS Science and Decisions Center FX We are grateful to the USGS Science and Decisions Center for support for B.K.W. while writing this paper. We thank Doug Spencer for preparing the figures. The manuscript was improved by thoughtful comments from Fred Johnson and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors received no outside financial support for this project. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1416 EP 1427 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0582-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV0SC UT WOS:000363961900009 PM 26170065 ER PT J AU Hunter, EA Nibbelink, NP Alexander, CR Barrett, K Mengak, LF Guy, RK Moore, CT Cooper, RJ AF Hunter, Elizabeth A. Nibbelink, Nathan P. Alexander, Clark R. Barrett, Kyle Mengak, Lara F. Guy, Rachel K. Moore, Clinton T. Cooper, Robert J. TI Coastal Vertebrate Exposure to Predicted Habitat Changes Due to Sea Level Rise SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coastal ecosystems; Endangered species; Habitat loss; Salt marsh; Sea level rise; Vulnerability ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHER; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NORTH-CAROLINA; MARSH BIRDS; NEW-ENGLAND; AREA; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPES; DIVERSITY AB Sea level rise (SLR) may degrade habitat for coastal vertebrates in the Southeastern United States, but it is unclear which groups or species will be most exposed to habitat changes. We assessed 28 coastal Georgia vertebrate species for their exposure to potential habitat changes due to SLR using output from the Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model and information on the species' fundamental niches. We assessed forecasted habitat change up to the year 2100 using three structural habitat metrics: total area, patch size, and habitat permanence. Almost all of the species (n = 24) experienced negative habitat changes due to SLR as measured by at least one of the metrics. Salt marsh and ocean beach habitats experienced the most change (out of 16 categorical land cover types) across the three metrics and species that used salt marsh extensively (rails and marsh sparrows) were ranked highest for exposure to habitat changes. Species that nested on ocean beaches (Diamondback Terrapins, shorebirds, and terns) were also ranked highly, but their use of other foraging habitats reduced their overall exposure. Future studies on potential effects of SLR on vertebrates in southeastern coastal ecosystems should focus on the relative importance of different habitat types to these species' foraging and nesting requirements. Our straightforward prioritization approach is applicable to other coastal systems and can provide insight to managers on which species to focus resources, what components of their habitats need to be protected, and which locations in the study area will provide habitat refuges in the face of SLR. C1 [Hunter, Elizabeth A.; Nibbelink, Nathan P.; Guy, Rachel K.; Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Alexander, Clark R.] Univ Georgia, Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Barrett, Kyle] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Mengak, Lara F.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Moore, Clinton T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hunter, EA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM eahunter@uga.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; University of Georgia PhD Scholars of Excellence Assistantship FX This project was funded by a Grant from the U.S. Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; E.A.H. was supported by a University of Georgia PhD Scholars of Excellence Assistantship. We thank Stephanie Romanach and three anonymous reviewers for comments on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1528 EP 1537 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0580-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV0SC UT WOS:000363961900017 PM 26163199 ER PT J AU George, SD Baldigo, BP Smith, AJ Robinson, GR AF George, S. D. Baldigo, B. P. Smith, A. J. Robinson, G. R. TI Effects of extreme floods on trout populations and fish communities in a Catskill Mountain river SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown trout; Esopus Creek; fish communities; flood; rainbow trout ID BROWN TROUT; SALMO-TRUTTA; SPRING FLOODS; INSTREAM HABITAT; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; MAJOR FLOOD; STREAM; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS AB Extreme hydrologic events are becoming more common with changing climate. Although the impacts of winter and spring floods on lotic ecosystems have been well studied, the effects of summer floods are less well known. The Upper Esopus Creek Basin in the Catskill Mountains, NY, experienced severe flooding from Tropical Storm Irene on 28 August 2011, and peak discharges exceeded the 0.01 annual exceedance probability (>100year flood) in some reaches. Three years of fish community data from pre-flood surveys at nine sites were compared to data from 2years of post-flood surveys to evaluate changes in fish communities and populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Basinwide, fish assemblages were not strongly impacted and appeared highly resilient to the effects of the flood. Total density and biomass of fish communities were greater at most sites 10-11months after the flood than 1month prior to the flood while richness and diversity were generally unchanged. Community composition did not differ significantly between years or between the pre- and post-flood periods. Although the density of mature brown trout was low at most sites (mean density=146 fish ha(-1)), young-of-the-year brown trout reached their highest density (mean=2312 fish ha(-1)) during 2012. In contrast, rainbow trout densities declined substantially during the 5-year study and the 2012year class was small (mean density=222 fish ha(-1)). Late summer floods may be less damaging to stream fish communities than winter or spring floods as spawning activity is negligible and early life stages of many species are generally larger and less susceptible to displacement and mortality. Additionally, post-flood conditions may be advantageous for brown trout recruitment. C1 [George, S. D.; Baldigo, B. P.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Smith, A. J.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Stream Biomonitoring Unit, Troy, NY USA. [Robinson, G. R.] SUNY Albany, Dept Biol Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP George, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM sgeorge@usgs.gov FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Cornell Cooperative Extension of Ulster County; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors extend appreciation to Gary Wall, Gary Firda and Chris Gazoorian of the U.S. Geological Survey; Walter Keller (retired) and Justin Zimmerman of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Tyler Ross of Cornell University; Noel Deyette of Paul Smith's College; Jack Van Deventer formerly of Boise State University; and the New York City Department of Environmental Protection for providing interns from Ulster County Community College. This research was funded by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Ulster County, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 60 IS 12 SI SI BP 2511 EP 2522 DI 10.1111/fwb.12577 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV4JT UT WOS:000364233800005 ER PT J AU Harper, MA Pledger, SA Smith, EGC Van Eaton, AR Wilson, CJN AF Harper, Margaret A. Pledger, Shirley A. Smith, Euan G. C. Van Eaton, Alexa R. Wilson, Colin J. N. TI Eruptive and environmental processes recorded by diatoms in volcanically dispersed lake sediments from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diatoms; Dispersal; Tephra; Eruption; Morphometrics; Preservation ID KA ORUANUI ERUPTION; AULACOSEIRA; WATER; MORPHOLOGY; POUKAWA; AGE; USA AB Late Pleistocene diatomaceous sediment was widely dispersed along with volcanic ash (tephra) across and beyond New Zealand by the 25.4 ka Oruanui supereruption from Taupo volcano. We present a detailed analysis of the diatom populations in the Oruanui tephra and the newly discovered floras in two other eruptions from the same volcano: the 28.6 ka Okaia and 1.8 ka Taupo eruptions. For comparison, the diatoms were also examined in Late Pleistocene and Holocene lake sediments from the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ). Our study demonstrates how these microfossils provide insights into the lake history of the TVZ since the Last Glacial Maximum. Morphometric analysis of Aulacoseira valve dimensions provides a useful quantitative tool to distinguish environmental and eruptive processes within and between individual tephras. The Oruanui and Okaia diatom species and valve dimensions are highly consistent with a shared volcanic source, paleolake and eruption style (involving large-scale magma-water interaction). They are distinct from lacustrine sediments sourced elsewhere in the TVZ. Correspondence analysis shows that small, intact samples of erupted lake sediment (i.e., lithic clasts in ignimbrite) contain heterogeneous diatom populations, reflecting local variability in species composition of the paleolake and its shallowly buried sediments. Our analysis also shows a dramatic post-Oruanui supereruption decline in Cyclostephanos novaezelandiae, which likely reflects a combination of (1) reorganisation of the watershed in the aftermath of the eruption, and (2) overall climate warming following the Last Glacial Maximum. This decline is reflected in substantially lower proportions of C. novaezelandiae in the 1.8 ka Taupo eruption deposits, and even fewer in post-1.8 ka sediments from modern (Holocene) Lake Taupo. Our analysis highlights how the excellent preservation of siliceous microfossils in volcanic tephra may fingerprint the volcanic source region and retain a valuable record of volcanically influenced environmental change. C1 [Harper, Margaret A.; Smith, Euan G. C.; Wilson, Colin J. N.] Victoria Univ, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Pledger, Shirley A.] Victoria Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Van Eaton, Alexa R.] US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Harper, MA (reprint author), Victoria Univ, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. EM Margaret.Harper@vuw.ac.nz RI Wilson, Colin/E-9457-2011 OI Wilson, Colin/0000-0001-7565-0743 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-1250029]; United States Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship; Marsden Fund Grant [VUW0813]; James Cook Fellowship from the Royal Society of New Zealand FX ARVE acknowledges U.S. National Science Foundation grant EAR-1250029 and a United States Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship. CJNW acknowledges support under Marsden Fund Grant VUW0813 and a James Cook Fellowship from the Royal Society of New Zealand. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 EI 1573-0417 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 54 IS 4 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s10933-015-9851-5 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CU9WX UT WOS:000363898700001 ER PT J AU Hoover, DL Duniway, MC Belnap, J AF Hoover, David L. Duniway, Michael C. Belnap, Jayne TI Pulse-drought atop press-drought: unexpected plant responses and implications for dryland ecosystems SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Plant functional types; Extreme drought; Ecosystem; Community; Thresholds ID EXTREME CLIMATIC EVENTS; NORTH-AMERICA; PRECIPITATION; WATER; MANIPULATION; PERSPECTIVE; VEGETATION; FRAMEWORK; RAINFALL; DESERTS AB In drylands, climate change is predicted to cause chronic reductions in water availability (press-droughts) through reduced precipitation and increased temperatures as well as increase the frequency and intensity of short-term extreme droughts (pulse-droughts). These changes in precipitation patterns may have profound ecosystem effects, depending on the sensitivities of the dominant plant functional types (PFTs). Here we present the responses of four Colorado Plateau PFTs to an experimentally imposed, 4-year, press-drought during which a natural pulse-drought occurred. Our objectives were to (1) identify the drought sensitivities of the PFTs, (2) assess the additive effects of the press- and pulse-drought, and (3) examine the interactive effects of soils and drought. Our results revealed that the C-3 grasses were the most sensitive PFT to drought, the C-3 shrubs were the most resistant, and the C-4 grasses and shrubs had intermediate drought sensitivities. Although we expected the C-3 grasses would have the greatest response to drought, the higher resistance of C-3 shrubs relative to the C-4 shrubs was contrary to our predictions based on the higher water use efficiency of C-4 photosynthesis. Also, the additive effects of press- and pulse-droughts caused high morality in C-3 grasses, which has large ecological and economic ramifications for this region. Furthermore, despite predictions based on the inverse texture hypothesis, we observed no interactive effects of soils with the drought treatment on cover or mortality. These results suggest that plant responses to droughts in drylands may differ from expectations and have large ecological effects if press- and pulse-droughts push species beyond physiological and mortality thresholds. C1 [Hoover, David L.; Duniway, Michael C.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Hoover, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM DLHoover@usgs.gov OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2015 VL 179 IS 4 BP 1211 EP 1221 DI 10.1007/s00442-015-3414-3 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4HE UT WOS:000364226900025 PM 26254259 ER PT J AU Vetter, BJ Cupp, AR Fredricks, KT Gaikowski, MP Mensinger, AF AF Vetter, Brooke J. Cupp, Aaron R. Fredricks, Kim T. Gaikowski, Mark P. Mensinger, Allen F. TI Acoustical deterrence of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Silver Carp; Acoustics; Phonotaxis; Deterrent barriers; Management; Behavior ID AUDITORY-SENSITIVITY; BIGHEAD CARP; ASIAN CARP; FISH; NOISE; SOUND; BARRIERS; ILLINOIS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB The invasive Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) dominate large regions of the Mississippi River drainage and continue to expand their range northward threatening the Laurentian Great Lakes. This study found that complex broadband sound (0-10 kHz) is effective in altering the behavior of Silver Carp with implications for deterrent barriers or potential control measures (e.g., herding fish into nets). The phonotaxic response of Silver Carp was investigated using controlled experiments in outdoor concrete ponds (10 x 4.9 x 1.2 m). Pure tones (500-2000 Hz) and complex sound (underwater field recordings of outboard motors) were broadcast using underwater speakers. Silver Carp always reacted to the complex sounds by exhibiting negative phonotaxis to the sound source and by alternating speaker location, Silver Carp could be directed consistently, up to 37 consecutive times, to opposite ends of the large outdoor pond. However, fish habituated quickly to pure tones, reacting to only approximately 5 % of these presentations and never showed more than two consecutive responses. Previous studies have demonstrated the success of sound barriers in preventing Silver Carp movement using pure tones and this research suggests that a complex sound stimulus would be an even more effective deterrent. C1 [Vetter, Brooke J.; Mensinger, Allen F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Cupp, Aaron R.; Fredricks, Kim T.; Gaikowski, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Vetter, BJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, 1035 Kirby Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM vett0114@d.umn.edu OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341; Cupp, Aaron/0000-0001-5995-2100 FU University of Minnesota Duluth Small Seed Research Grant FX We would like to thank the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) staff and interns, especially Justin Smerud, Riley Buley, and Allison Zwarycz for their assistance with this project. The Illinois River Biological Station staff, including Andrew Casper, Levi Solomon, and Thad Cook, provided additional support. All fish handling, care, and experimental procedures used were reviewed and approved by the UMESC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC Protocol AEH-12-PPT-AC-01). Resources for the USGS component of the research were provided through the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area Invasive Species Program and from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. The University of Minnesota Duluth Small Seed Research Grant provided additional funding. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2015 VL 17 IS 12 BP 3383 EP 3392 DI 10.1007/s10530-015-0964-6 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU4FM UT WOS:000363482600004 ER PT J AU Shartell, LM Corace, RG Storer, AJ Kashian, DM AF Shartell, Lindsey M. Corace, R. Gregory, III Storer, Andrew J. Kashian, Daniel M. TI Broad and local-scale patterns of exotic earthworm functional groups in forests of National Wildlife Refuges of the Upper Midwest, USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Great Lakes Region; Anthropogenic land cover; Forest management ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; GREAT-LAKES REGION; INVASIVE EARTHWORMS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; SOIL PROPERTIES; BOREAL FORESTS; ECOSYSTEM; COMMUNITIES; AMERICA; MUSTARD AB The National Wildlife Refuge System is the world's largest network of lands set aside specifically for wildlife conservation. For refuge planners and managers tasked with maintaining ecological integrity and wildlife habitat, many uncertainties exist. In forests in the Upper Midwest, for instance, exotic earthworms are impacting ecosystem structure and function, but their community composition and effects on refuges is unknown. We examined the association of earthworm functional group abundance and community composition within upland forests of refuges with broad scale patterns of anthropogenic land use and local scale differences in forest characteristics. Patterns of anthropogenic land cover, including proportion of the land, mean patch area, and largest patch index, were strongly correlated with the biomass of epi-endogeic earthworms. Earthworm community diversity, however, was inversely related to patterns of dominating anthropogenic land cover, and increased under high ratios of natural to anthropogenic lands in the surrounding ecoregion. Within forests, earthworm community composition could be partially explained by variables representing both dispersal opportunities and habitat suitability. In general, heavily-invaded forests had low conifer dominance, high silt content, high basal area, greater amounts of anthropogenic cover within 500 m, and were closer to roads and farther from agriculture. However, the relationship between local forest characteristics and biomass differed greatly among earthworm functional groups and between refuges dominated by natural lands and those dominated by anthropogenic lands. For refuges with high earthworm loads and well developed earthworm communities, managers may be confounded in restoring historic conditions and may need to look at multiple tools, including artificial regeneration, to mitigate for current earthworm effects. In refuges seemingly in earlier stages of earthworm invasion, future planning and management should be tempered by potential effects observed in those refuges in more anthropogenic landscapes. C1 [Shartell, Lindsey M.; Storer, Andrew J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Corace, R. Gregory, III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, Seney, MI 49883 USA. [Kashian, Daniel M.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Shartell, LM (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Fish & Wildlife, 1201 East Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM lmsharte@mtu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Midwest Region; refuges of study, Seney Natural History Association; Michigan Technological University; Wayne State University FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Midwest Region, the refuges of study, Seney Natural History Association, Michigan Technological University, and Wayne State University. Forest structure and composition data were provided by Holly Petrillo, University of Wisconsin-Steven's Point. The authors appreciate the support of colleagues in the NWRS, particularly Patricia Heglund (Regional Biologist), Mark Vaniman and Laurie Tansy (Seney NWR), Ron Huffman (Ottawa NWR), Michelle Vander Haar (Shiawassee NWR), Michelle McDowell (Rice Lake NWR), Wayne Brininger (Tamarac NWR), and Wendy Woyczik (Horicon NWR). We would also like to thank those who assisted: Ashlee Baker, Alina Neel, Dakota Hunter, Joe May, Max Henschell, Adam Komar, John Otterbein, Erin Marchand, and other NWRS staff and volunteers. The authors thank the anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2015 VL 17 IS 12 BP 3591 EP 3607 DI 10.1007/s10530-015-0982-4 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU4FM UT WOS:000363482600019 ER PT J AU Iacovino, K AF Iacovino, Kayla TI Linking subsurface to surface degassing at active volcanoes: A thermodynamic model with applications to Erebus volcano SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE degassing; volatiles; thermodynamics; melt inclusions ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; OXIDATION-STATE; OXYGEN FUGACITY; SILICATE MELTS; MOUNT EREBUS; ROSS-ISLAND; ARC MAGMAS; ANTARCTICA; GAS; CONSTRAINTS AB Volcanic plumbing systems are the pathways through which volatiles are exchanged between the deep Earth and the atmosphere. The interplay of a multitude of processes occurring at various depths in the system dictates the composition and quantity of gas eventually erupted through volcanic vents. Here, a model is presented as a framework for interpreting surface volcanic gas measurements in terms of subsurface degassing processes occurring throughout a volcanic plumbing system. The model considers all possible sources of fluid from multiple depths, including degassing of dissolved volatiles during crystallization and/or decompression as recorded in melt inclusions plus any co-existing fluid phase present in a magma reservoir. The former is achieved by differencing melt inclusion volatile contents between groups of melt inclusions saturated at discrete depths. The latter is calculated using a thermodynamic model, which computes the composition of a C-O-H-S fluid in equilibrium with a melt given a minimum of five thermodynamic parameters commonly known for natural systems (T, P, fO(2), either f H-2 or one parameter for H2O, and either f S-2 or one parameter for CO2). The calculated fluids are thermodynamically decompressed and run through a mixing model, which finds all possible mixtures of subsurface fluid that match the chemistry of surface gas within +/- 2.0 mol%. The method is applied to Mount Erebus (Antarctica), an active, intraplate volcano whose gas emissions, which emanate from an active phonolitic lava lake, have been well quantified by FTIR, UV spectroscopy, and multi-gas sensors over the last several decades. In addition, a well-characterized suite of lavas and melt inclusions, and petrological interpretations thereof, represent a wealth of knowledge about the shallow, intermediate, and deep parts of the Erebus plumbing system. The model has been used to calculate the compositions of seven C-O-H-S fluids that originate from four distinct regions within the Erebus plumbing system and in the lava lake (deep basanite, intermediate, shallow phonolite, and lava lake phonolite equilibrium fluids, plus crystallization-induced degassing of deep, intermediate, and shallow melts). A total of 144 possible mixtures were found. In all cases, similar to 60% of the surface gas is sourced from deep degassing. The remaining similar to 40% is made up primarily of fluid in equilibrium with the lava lake (similar to 20%) plus intermediate (similar to 10%) and phonolite (similar to 5%) equilibrium fluids and minor to no contribution from all other fluid sources. These results, whereby the surface gas signature is dominated by fluids originating from deep mafic melts, could be representative of any volcanic system comprised of a deep mafic member and shallow evolved fractionates as has been inferred at Yellowstone, Etna, and many others. At Erebus, results of this modeling demonstrate that the degassing of stagnant magma can contribute significant fluid and energy to the system such that the continuous convection and degassing of volatile-rich magma is not necessary to explain the volcano's persistently active nature or the composition of its gas emissions. The C++ model code is open source and is hosted as a github repository at https://github.com/kaylai/Iacovino2015_thermodynamic_model/. (C) 2015 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). C1 [Iacovino, Kayla] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. RP Iacovino, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kiacovino@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation (Division of Polar Programs) [ANT1142083] FX The work reported here has been partially supported by the National Science Foundation (Division of Polar Programs) under grant ANT1142083. The author would like to thank Rick Mann for coding the model in C++ and for performing sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation, Nial Peters for extensive programming help, Clive Oppenheimer for supervision of the author during her PhD and for comments on this manuscript, Michael Carroll and Marie Edmonds for reviewing the portion of this manuscript used in the author's PhD thesis, and Jake Lowenstern and Thomas Sisson for comments and useful discussion regarding this work. This manuscript has also benefited greatly from the thoughtful comments of reviewers Alain Burgisser and Andrea Di Muro and from the editorial assistance of Tamsin Mather. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 431 BP 59 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.016 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU8XY UT WOS:000363828600007 ER PT J AU Velasquez, A Pohlenz, C Barrows, FT Gaylord, TG Gatlin, DM AF Velasquez, Alejandro Pohlenz, Camilo Barrows, Frederic T. Gaylord, T. Gibson Gatlin, Delbert M., III TI Assessment of taurine bioavailability in pelleted and extruded diets with red drum Sciaenops ocellatus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding (ISFNF) CY MAY 25-30, 2014 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus); Taurine; Bioavailability; Extrusion processing ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BREAM PAGRUS-MAJOR; JAPANESE FLOUNDER; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; SERIOLA-QUINQUERADIATA; ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT; GROWING PIGS AB Taurine has been reported to be efficacious in supporting growth of carnivorous fish species, particularly when supplemented to diets primarily containing plant feedstuffs. Although taurine may become unavailable to some extent by heat and moisture, and is susceptible to theMaillard reaction with reducing sugars, information is lacking on the stability and bioavailability of taurine subjected to extrusion processing in the manufacture of compounded fish feeds. Therefore, a feeding trial was conducted with juvenile red drum to determine the bioavailability of synthetic taurine in diets processed by cold pelleting and extrusion technology. Experimental diets were formulated without animal ingredients to contain 38% digestible protein and 20% lipid. Diets were supplemented with taurine at either 0, 0.5, 1, 2 or 4% of diet. Half of each diet was processed using conventional cooking extrusion conditions, and the other half of each diet was processed at cold temperatures, with minimal shear and pressure, resulting in 10 experimental diets. Taurine was very stable to manufacturing by cold extrusion or extrusion cooking. Post- extrusion taurine concentration was 98.9% of target values with a coefficient of variation of 2.4%. Groups of 12 juvenile red drum (averaging 4.3 g/fish) were sorted by size and stocked into each of 30, 38-L aquaria as part of an indoor brackish water (6-7 ppt) recirculating system. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish twice daily at rates close to apparent satiation for 6 weeks. Fish were group weighed weekly to adjust feeding rations. At the end of the trial, three fish per aquarium were collected for determination of body condition indices and whole-body proximate composition, as well as basal taurine concentrations in plasma and muscle. Three additional fish per aquarium were bled at 5 h post-feeding for determination of post-prandial plasma taurine concentrations. Best performance of red drum in weight gain and feed efficiency was observed with the supplementation of taurine up to 1% of diet while proximate composition and condition indices were not affected by dietary taurine. Plasma and muscle taurine concentrations showed that extrusion processing significantly reduced the bioavailability of taurine. Slope ratio analysis of plasma taurine data indicated cooking extrusion reduced taurine bioavailability by 36.6%. This study, demonstrated that red drum gained more weight when fed plant-based diets supplemented with taurine regardless of diet processing technique. Statement of Relevance Tuarine supplementation to plant-based diets for carnivorous fish species is becoming more common. This study assessed the bioavailability of taurine in cold pelleted and extrusion processed diets to red drum, and found that extrusion processing reduced taurine bioavailability by approximately 37% compared to cold pelleting. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Velasquez, Alejandro; Pohlenz, Camilo; Gatlin, Delbert M., III] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gaylord, T. Gibson] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Gatlin, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM d-gatlin@tamu.edu FU Soy Aquaculture Alliance FX The research reported here was funded by a grant from the Soy Aquaculture Alliance. That financial support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 449 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.03.034 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CU4FU UT WOS:000363483400002 ER PT J AU Altenritter, ME Kinnison, MT Zydlewski, GB Secor, DH Zydlewski, JD AF Altenritter, Matthew E. Kinnison, Michael T. Zydlewski, Gayle B. Secor, David H. Zydlewski, Joseph D. TI Assessing dorsal scute microchemistry for reconstruction of shortnose sturgeon life histories SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Acipenser; Sr:Ca; Trace elements; Habitat use; Natal origins ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM LESUEUR; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; LASER-ABLATION ICPMS; PECTORAL FIN RAYS; FRESH-WATER; GEOCHEMICAL SIGNATURES; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; MIGRATORY PATTERNS; ATLANTIC STURGEON AB The imperiled status of sturgeons worldwide places priority on the identification and protection of critical habitats. We assessed the micro-structural and micro-chemical scope for a novel calcified structure, dorsal scutes, to be used for reconstruction of past habitat use and group separation in shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). Dorsal scutes contained a dual-layered structure composed of a thin multi-layered translucent zone lying dorsally above a thicker multi-layered zone. Banding in the thick multi-layered zone correlated strongly with pectoral fin spine annuli supporting the presence of chronological structuring that could contain a chemical record of past environmental exposure. Trace element profiles (Sr:Ca), collected using both wavelength dispersive electron microprobe analysis and laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry, suggest scutes record elemental information useful for tracing transitions between freshwater and marine environments. Moreover, mirror-image like Sr:Ca profiles were observed across the dual-zone structuring of the scute that may indicate duplication of the microchemical profile in a single structure. Additional element:calcium ratios measured in natal regions of dorsal scutes (Ba:Ca, Mg:Ca) suggest the potential for further refinement of techniques for identification of river systems of natal origin. In combination, our results provide proof of concept that dorsal scutes possess the necessary properties to be used as structures for reconstructions of past habitat use in sturgeons. Importantly, scutes may be collected non-lethally and with less injury than current structures, like otoliths and fin spines, affording an opportunity for broader application of microchemical techniques. C1 [Altenritter, Matthew E.; Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Gayle B.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Secor, David H.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph D.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Altenritter, ME (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, 5751 Murray Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM matthew.altenritter@maine.edu FU Section 6 grant under the Endangered Species Act; High End Instrumentation Research Grant through the University of Maine; Inez Boyd Environmental Research Award by the Penobscot Valley Chapter of the Maine Audubon Society FX We thank K. Lachapelle and G. Wippelhauser for their assistance collecting samples from wild shortnose sturgeon mortalities and M. N. Altenritter, M. Counts, A. Cuadros, and M. Dzaugis for their assistance preparing samples. We also thank B. Kynard and M. Kieffer for generously providing samples from sturgeon hatched and reared at the Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center in Turner Falls, MA. Wavelength dispersive electron microscopy would not have been possible without the assistance of M. Yates of the School of Earth and Climate Sciences at the University of Maine. Laser ablation ICPMS was conducted under the guidance of D. Driscoll at SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry. We also thank K. Limburg, S. Turner, and M. Payne for their assistance with laser ablation ICPMS data reduction. Funding for this research was provided by a Section 6 grant under the Endangered Species Act, a High End Instrumentation Research Grant through the University of Maine, and the Inez Boyd Environmental Research Award provided by the Penobscot Valley Chapter of the Maine Audubon Society. All dorsal scutes and pectoral fin spines from shortnose sturgeon were collected, transferred and held under NOAA permits 1549 (B. Kynard), 1595, 16306, and 1614. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Author roles: MTK, GBZ and MEA developed the project scope and funding, MEA led the sample processing, data analyses and writing. All authors contributed to refinement of the project and revisions of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2015 VL 98 IS 12 BP 2321 EP 2335 DI 10.1007/s10641-015-0438-9 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CU5BO UT WOS:000363546800003 ER PT J AU Bhatt, M Reddy, V Le Corre, L Sanchez, JA Dunn, T Izawa, MRM Li, JY Becker, KJ Weller, L AF Bhatt, Megha Reddy, Vishnu Le Corre, Lucille Sanchez, Juan A. Dunn, Tasha Izawa, Matthew R. M. Li, Jian-Yang Becker, Kris J. Weller, Lynn TI Spectral calibration for deriving surface mineralogy of Asteroid (25143) Itokawa from Hayabusa Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS) data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroid Itokawa; Asteroids, composition; Asteroids, surfaces; Spectroscopy; Meteorites ID ORDINARY CHONDRITES; SPACECRAFT; CLASSIFICATION; 25143-ITOKAWA; HETEROGENEITY; VESTA AB We present spectral calibration equations for determining mafic silicate composition of near-Earth asteroid (25143) Itokawa from visible/near-infrared (VNIR) spectra (0.85-2.1 mu m) measured using the Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS) on board the Japanese Hayabusa spacecraft. Itokawa was the target of the Hayabusa sample return mission and has a surface composition similar to LL chondrites. Existing laboratory spectral calibrations (e.g., Dunn, T.L. et al. [2010]. Icarus 208,789-797) use a spectral wavelength range that is wider (0.75-2.5 mu m) than that of the NIRS instrument (0.85-2.1 mu m), making them unfit for interpreting the Hayabusa spectral data currently archived in the Planetary Data System (PDS). We used laboratory near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra of ordinary chondrites (H, L and LL) from the study of Dunn et al. (Dunn, T.L. et al. [2010]. Icarus 208, 789-797), which we resampled to the NIRS wavelength range. Using spectral parameters extracted from these resampled spectra we established a relationship between band parameters and mafic silicate compositions (olivine and low-Ca pyroxene). We found a correlation >90% between mafic silicate compositions (fayalite and ferrosilite mol.%) estimated by our spectral method, and electron microprobe measured values from Dunn et al. (Dunn, T.L. et al. [2010]. Icarus 208, 789-797). The standard deviation between the measured and estimated values is 1.5 and 1.1 mol.% for fayalite and ferrosilite, respectively. To test the validity of the new equations we blind tested them using nine laboratory spectra of L and LL chondrites with well-known compositions. We found that the absolute difference between the measured and computed values is in the range 0.1-1.6 mol.%. Our study demonstrates that this new calibration is robust and can be applied to Hayabusa NIRS data despite its limited spectral range (0.85-2.1 mu m). We applied the equations to a subset of uncalibrated (no photometric corrections) NIRS spectra and we obtained fayalite and ferrosilite values that are consistent with Itokawa having a LL chondrite surface composition. We intend to develop a photometric model to calibrate the NIRS spectra to standard viewing geometry and apply the new equations to create a global mineralogical map of Itokawa. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhatt, Megha; Reddy, Vishnu; Le Corre, Lucille; Sanchez, Juan A.; Li, Jian-Yang] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Dunn, Tasha] Colby Coll, Dept Geol, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. [Izawa, Matthew R. M.] Univ Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Becker, Kris J.; Weller, Lynn] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Reddy, V (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mubhatt19@gmail.com OI Izawa, Matthew/0000-0001-5456-2912; Le Corre, Lucille/0000-0003-0349-7932 FU NASA Planetary Mission Data Analysis Program Grant [NNX13AP27G] FX This research work was supported by NASA Planetary Mission Data Analysis Program Grant NNX13AP27G. The authors would like to thank the two referees, Paul Abell and an anonymous reviewer, for their detailed comments and helpful suggestions. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2015 VL 262 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.036 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CT8VN UT WOS:000363095100011 ER PT J AU Dundas, CM Byrne, S McEwen, AS AF Dundas, Colin M. Byrne, Shane McEwen, Alfred S. TI Modeling the development of martian sublimation thermokarst landforms SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Geological processes; Mars, climate ID GROUND ICE; UTOPIA PLANITIA; SUBSURFACE ICE; SCALLOPED TERRAINS; CRATER DEGRADATION; IMPACT CRATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARS EVIDENCE; NEAR-SURFACE; DIFFUSION AB Sublimation-thermokarst landforms result from collapse of the surface when ice is lost from the subsurface. On Mars, scalloped landforms with scales of decameters to kilometers are observed in the mid-latitudes and considered likely thermokarst features. We describe a landscape evolution model that couples diffusive mass movement and subsurface ice loss due to sublimation. Over periods of tens of thousands of Mars years under conditions similar to the present, the model produces scallop-like features similar to those on the martian surface, starting from much smaller initial disturbances. The model also indicates crater expansion when impacts occur in surfaces underlain by excess ice to some depth, with morphologies similar to observed landforms on the martian northern plains. In order to produce these landforms by sublimation, substantial quantities of excess ice are required, at least comparable to the vertical extent of the landform, and such ice must remain in adjacent terrain to support the non-deflated surface. We suggest that martian thermokarst features are consistent with formation by sublimation, without melting, and that significant thicknesses of very clean excess ice (up to many tens of meters, the depth of some scalloped depressions) are locally present in the martian mid-latitudes. Climate conditions leading to melting at significant depth are not required. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Byrne, Shane; McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dundas, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cdundas@usgs.gov OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiR-ISE project; Mars Fundamental Research Program [NNH13AV59I] FX This work was funded by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiR-ISE project and Mars Fundamental Research Program grant NNH13AV59I. We thank Ken Herkenhoff and Justin Hagerty for helpful comments on an early draft. Two reviewers provided useful comments. NR 95 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2015 VL 262 BP 154 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.07.033 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CT8VN UT WOS:000363095100014 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Wimberly, MC Lamsal, A Sohl, TL Hawbaker, TJ AF Liu, Zhihua Wimberly, Michael C. Lamsal, Aashis Sohl, Terry L. Hawbaker, Todd J. TI Climate change and wildfire risk in an expanding wildland-urban interface: a case study from the Colorado Front Range Corridor SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Disturbance; Coupled human and natural systems; Western United States; Land use; Land cover; Social-ecological systems ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; FIRE REGIMES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LAND-USE; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; HISTORICAL FIRE; HOUSING GROWTH; RESEARCH NEEDS; FORESTS; USA AB Wildfire is a particular concern in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) of the western United States where human development occurs close to flammable natural vegetation. (1) Assess the relative influences of WUI expansion versus climate-driven fire regime change on spatial and temporal patterns of burned WUI, and (2) determine whether WUI developed in the future will have higher or lower wildfire risk than existing WUI. We projected the spatial pattern of the WUI and its associated wildfire risk from 2005 to 2050 at 90-m spatial resolution and 5-year intervals in Colorado Front Range using CHANGE, a landscape change model that simulates land cover and land use change, natural vegetation dynamics, and wildfire in a unified framework. A total of four scenarios from a factorial design with static versus changing WUI and static versus changing fire regimes were simulated to examine the effects of WUI expansion and climate-driven fire regime change on burned area in the WUI. Both WUI expansion and fire regime change contributed to the increase of burned WUI, but fire regime change had a stronger influence. The effects of WUI expansion and fire regime change had a combined influence greater than the sum of their individual effects. This interaction was a result of projected WUI expansion into regions of higher wildfire risk than existing WUI. The human footprint will continue to expand into wildland areas and must be considered along with climate effects when assessing the impacts of changing fire regimes in future landscapes. C1 [Liu, Zhihua; Wimberly, Michael C.; Lamsal, Aashis] S Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Sohl, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hawbaker, Todd J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Liu, ZH (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM zhihua.liu@sdstate.edu RI Liu, ZH/H-7536-2012; OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU USGS [G12AC20295] FX We thank Tamara Wilson for providing helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Financial support for this work was provided through Research Work Order Number G12AC20295 from the USGS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1943 EP 1957 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0222-4 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA CU1IR UT WOS:000363274900009 ER PT J AU Krosby, M Breckheimer, I Pierce, DJ Singleton, PH Hall, SA Halupka, KC Gaines, WL Long, RA Mcrae, BH Cosentino, BL Schuett-Hames, JP AF Krosby, Meade Breckheimer, Ian Pierce, D. John Singleton, Peter H. Hall, Sonia A. Halupka, Karl C. Gaines, William L. Long, Robert A. McRae, Brad H. Cosentino, Brian L. Schuett-Hames, Joanne P. TI Focal species and landscape "naturalness" corridor models offer complementary approaches for connectivity conservation planning SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coarse-filter; Connectivity; Corridors; Fine-filter; Focal-species; Landscape integrity ID TIGER SALAMANDERS; HUMAN FOOTPRINT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SAGE GROUSE; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; DISPERSAL; PRIORITIZATION; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT AB The dual threats of habitat fragmentation and climate change have led to a proliferation of approaches for connectivity conservation planning. Corridor analyses have traditionally taken a focal species approach, but the landscape "naturalness" approach of modeling connectivity among areas of low human modification has gained popularity as a less analytically intensive alternative. We compared focal species and naturalness-based corridor networks to ask whether they identify similar areas, whether a naturalness-based approach is in fact more analytically efficient, and whether agreement between the two approaches varies with focal species vagility. We compared focal-species and naturalness-based connectivity models at two nested spatial extents: greater Washington State, USA, and, within it, the Columbia Plateau ecoregion. We assessed complementarity between the two approaches by examining the spatial overlap of predicted corridors, and regressing organism traits against the amount of modeled corridor overlap. A single naturalness-based corridor network represented connectivity for a large (> 10) number of focal species as effectively as a group of between 3 and 4 randomly selected focal species. The naturalness-based approach showed only moderate spatial agreement with composite corridor networks for large numbers of focal species, and better agreed with corridor networks of large-bodied, far-dispersing species in the larger scale analysis. Naturalness-based corridor models may offer an efficient proxy for focal species models, but a multi-focal species approach may better represent the movement needs of diverse taxa. Consideration of trade-offs between the two approaches may enhance the effectiveness of their application to connectivity conservation planning. C1 [Krosby, Meade] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Breckheimer, Ian] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pierce, D. John; Cosentino, Brian L.; Schuett-Hames, Joanne P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. [Singleton, Peter H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Hall, Sonia A.] SAH Ecol LLC, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Halupka, Karl C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent Washington Field Off, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Gaines, William L.] Washington Conservat Sci Inst, Leavenworth, WA 98826 USA. [Long, Robert A.] Woodland Pk Zoo, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [McRae, Brad H.] Nature Conservancy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Krosby, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Climate Impacts Grp, Box 355674, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mkrosby@uw.edu FU Wilburforce Foundation FX We would like to acknowledge the full membership of the Washington Wildlife Habitat Connectivity Working Group, especially the modelers and species leads who completed the connectivity models used in our analysis. MK received support for this analysis from the Wilburforce Foundation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2121 EP 2132 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0235-z PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA CU1IR UT WOS:000363274900021 ER PT J AU Kokaly, RF Skidmore, AK AF Kokaly, Raymond F. Skidmore, Andrew K. TI Plant phenolics and absorption features in vegetation reflectance spectra near 1.66 mu m SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Canopy chemistry; Spectroscopy; Remote sensing; Continuum removal; Spectral feature analysis; Tannin; Polyphenols ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; FOLIN-CIOCALTEU REAGENT; NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPONENTS; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; CONTINUUM REMOVAL; TANNIN CONTENT; ESSENTIAL OILS AB Past laboratory and field studies have quantified phenolic substances in vegetative matter from reflectance measurements for understanding plant response to herbivores and insect predation. Past remote sensing studies on phenolics have evaluated crop quality and vegetation patterns caused by bedrock geology and associated variations in soil geochemistry. We examined spectra of pure phenolic compounds, common plant biochemical constituents, dry leaves, fresh leaves, and plant canopies for direct evidence of absorption features attributable to plant phenolics. Using spectral feature analysis with continuum removal, we observed that a narrow feature at 1.66 mu m is persistent in spectra of manzanita, sumac, red maple, sugar maple, tea, and other species. This feature was consistent with absorption caused by aromatic C-H bonds in the chemical structure of phenolic compounds and non-hydroxylated aromatics. Because of overlapping absorption by water, the feature was weaker in fresh leaf and canopy spectra compared to dry leaf measurements. Simple linear regressions of feature depth and feature area with polyphenol concentration in tea resulted in high correlations and low errors (% phenol by dry weight) at the dry leaf (r(2) = 0.95, RMSE= 1.0%, n =56), fresh leaf (r(2) = 0.79, RMSE= 2.1%, n= 56), and canopy (r(2) =0.78, RMSE =1.0%, n = 13) levels of measurement. Spectra of leaves, needles, and canopies of big sagebrush and evergreens exhibited a weak absorption feature centered near 1.63 mu m, short ward of the phenolic compounds, possibly consistent with terpenes. This study demonstrates that subtle variation in vegetation spectra in the shortwave infrared can directly indicate biochemical constituents and be used to quantify them. Phenolics are of lesser abundance compared to the major plant constituents but, nonetheless, have important plant functions and ecological significance. Additional research is needed to advance our understanding of the spectral influences of plant phenolics and terpenes relative to dominant leaf biochemistry (water, chlorophyll, protein/nitrogen, cellulose, and lignin). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kokaly, Raymond F.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Skidmore, Andrew K.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Kokaly, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973 Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM raymond@usgs.gov; a.k.skidmore@utwente.nl RI Skidmore, Andrew/C-7441-2011; Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Skidmore, Andrew/0000-0002-7446-8429; Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Mineral Resources Program FX The authors are grateful for the tea spectra and phenolic data shared by Meng Bian and Teng Fei and the benzene spectrum shared by Roger Clark. The U.S. Geological Survey's Mineral Resources Program provided salary and materials support for R.F. Kokaly. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 98 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 43 SI SI BP 55 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2015.01.010 PG 29 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CS5UO UT WOS:000362144000006 ER PT J AU Layhee, M Sepulveda, A Ray, A Mladenka, G Van Every, L AF Layhee, Megan Sepulveda, Adam Ray, Andrew Mladenka, Greg Van Every, Lynn TI Ecological relevance of current water quality assessment unit designations in impaired rivers SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Assessment unit; Biological indices; Impairment; Multivariate analysis; Spatial scale; Water body assessment ID MANAGEMENT; ASSEMBLAGES AB Managers often nest sections of water bodies together into assessment units (AUs) to monitor and assess water quality criteria. Ideally, AUs represent an extent of waters with similar ecological, watershed, habitat and land-use conditions and no overlapping characteristics with other waters. In the United States, AUs are typically based on political or hydrologic boundaries rather than on ecologically relevant features, so it can be difficult to detect changes in impairment status. Our goals were to evaluate if current AU designation criteria of an impaired water body in southeastern Idaho, USA that, like many U.S. waters, has three-quarters of its mainstem length divided into two AUs. We focused our evaluation in southeastern Idaho's Portneuf River, an impaired river and three-quarters of the river is divided into two AUs. We described biological and environmental conditions at multiple reaches within each AU. We used these data to (1) test if variability at the reach-scale is greater within or among AUs and, (2) to evaluate alternate AU boundaries based on multivariate analyses of reach-scale data. We found that some biological conditions had greater variability within an AU than between AUs. Multivariate analyses identified alternative, 2- and 3-group, AUs that reduced this variability. Our results suggest that the current AU designations in the mainstem Portneuf River contain ecologically distinct sections of river and that the existing AU boundaries should be reconsidered in light of the ecological conditions measured at the reach scale. Variation in biological integrity within designated AUs may complicate water quality and biological assessments, influence management decisions or affect where monitoring or mitigation resources are directed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Layhee, Megan; Sepulveda, Adam; Ray, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Mladenka, Greg; Van Every, Lynn] Idaho Dept Environm Qual, Pocatello Reg Off, Pocatello, ID 83201 USA. RP Layhee, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM megan.layhee1@gmail.com FU Idaho Department of Environmental Quality [C874] FX Funding was provided by the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (#C874). This manuscript benefited from the comments of Reviewers and Robert Gresswell. We would like to thank Mark Abbey-Lambertz and IDEQ field technicians for assistance with sample collection. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 536 BP 198 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.043 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR2VV UT WOS:000361189800023 PM 26210354 ER PT J AU Shope, CL Angeroth, CE AF Shope, Christopher L. Angeroth, Cory E. TI Calculating salt loads to Great Salt Lake and the associated uncertainties for water year 2013; updating a 48 year old standard SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Great Salt Lake; Utah; Salt balance; Dissolved solids; Surface discharge; LOADEST; Inland sea/lake; Salinity; Water quality ID CONSTITUENT LOADS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; NUTRIENT LOADS; RATING CURVES; RIVER LOADS; DROUGHT; QUALITY AB Effective management of surface waters requires a robust understanding of spatiotemporal constituent loadings from upstream sources and the uncertainty associated with these estimates. We compared the total dissolved solids loading into the Great Salt Lake (GSL) for water year 2013 with estimates of previously sampled periods in the early 1960s. We also provide updated results on GSL loading, quantitatively bounded by sampling uncertainties, which are useful for current and future management efforts. Our statistical loading results were more accurate than those from simple regression models. Our results indicate that TDS loading to the GSL in water year 2013 was 14.6 million metric tons with uncertainty ranging from 2.8 to 46.3 million metric tons, which varies greatly from previous regression estimates for water year 1964 of 2.7 million metric tons. Results also indicate that locations with increased sampling frequency are correlated with decreasing confidence intervals. Because time is incorporated into the LOADEST models, discrepancies are largely expected to be a function of temporally lagged salt storage delivery to the GSL associated with terrestrial and in-stream processes. By incorporating temporally variable estimates and statistically derived uncertainty of these estimates, we have provided quantifiable variability in the annual estimates of dissolved solids loading into the GSL. Further, our results support the need for increased monitoring of dissolved solids loading into saline lakes like the GSL by demonstrating the uncertainty associated with different levels of sampling frequency. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shope, Christopher L.; Angeroth, Cory E.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Shope, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, 2329 W Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM cshope@usgs.gov; angeroth@usgs.gov RI Shope, Christopher/A-2931-2013 OI Shope, Christopher/0000-0003-3277-0811 FU Utah Department of Natural Resources, Utah Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands [1305448]; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program FX We greatly appreciate the funding resources for this investigation allocated through the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Utah Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands under grant number 1305448 and partial funding through the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program. We also acknowledge the thorough and thoughtful reviews by David Naftz and two additional reviewers, that have significantly benefitted the manuscript. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 536 BP 391 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.015 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR2VV UT WOS:000361189800043 PM 26231769 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DC Nolan, BT Flory, AR DellaValle, CT Ward, MH AF Wheeler, David C. Nolan, Bernard T. Flory, Abigail R. DellaValle, Curt T. Ward, Mary H. TI Modeling groundwater nitrate concentrations in private wells in Iowa SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Groundwater contamination; Random forest ID UNITED-STATES; VULNERABILITY; WATER; CONTAMINATION; POLLUTION; DRAINAGE; HEALTH; SPAIN AB Contamination of drinking water by nitrate is a growing problem in many agricultural areas of the country. Ingested nitrate can lead to the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds, potent carcinogens. We developed a predictive model for nitrate concentrations in private wells in Iowa. Using 34,084 measurements of nitrate in private wells, we trained and tested random forest models to predict log nitrate levels by systematically assessing the predictive performance of 179 variables in 36 thematic groups (well depth, distance to sinkholes, location, land use, soil characteristics, nitrogen inputs, meteorology, and other factors). The final model contained 66 variables in 17 groups. Some of the most important variables were well depth, slope length within 1 km of the well, year of sample, and distance to nearest animal feeding operation. The correlation between observed and estimated nitrate concentrations was excellent in the training set (r-square = 0.77) and was acceptable in the testing set (r-square = 0.38). The random forest model had substantially better predictive performance than a traditional linear regressionmodel or a regression tree. Our model will be used to investigate the association between nitrate levels in drinking water and cancer risk in the Iowa participants of the Agricultural Health Study cohort. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wheeler, David C.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Flory, Abigail R.] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [DellaValle, Curt T.; Ward, Mary H.] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. RP Wheeler, DC (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, 830 East Main St, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM dcwheeler@vcu.edu FU Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute; [HHSN261201300355P] FX We thank Pete Weyer and Jiji Kantamneni for providing nitrate measurement data and Randy Bayless and Les Arihood of the USGS for determining aquifer characteristics at sampled wells. We also thank Mike Giangrande from Westat for performing geocoding of the well locations. This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Dr. David Wheeler was supported by contract HHSN261201300355P. Dr. Bernard Nolan was supported through an interagency agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 536 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.080 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR2VV UT WOS:000361189800052 PM 26232757 ER PT J AU McGrew, AK O'Hara, TM Stricker, CA Castellini, JM Beckmen, KB Salman, MD Ballweber, LR AF McGrew, Ashley K. O'Hara, Todd M. Stricker, Craig A. Castellini, J. Margaret Beckmen, Kimberlee B. Salman, Mo D. Ballweber, Lora R. TI Ecotoxicoparasitology: Understanding mercury concentrations in gut contents, intestinal helminths and host tissues of Alaskan gray wolves (Canis lupus) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Feeding ecology; Mercury; Toxascaris; Taenia ID PARASITE TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; NATIONAL-PARK; FOOD WEBS; FISH; FRACTIONATION; POLLUTION; DISEASES; NORTH; ACCUMULATION AB Some gastrointestinal helminths acquire nutrients from the lumen contents in which they live; thus, they may be exposed to non-essential elements, such as mercury (Hg), during feeding. The objectives of this study were: 1) determine the total mercury concentrations ([THg]) in Gray wolves (Canis lupus) and their parasites, and 2) use stable isotopes to evaluate the trophic relationships within the host. [THg] and stable isotopes (C and N) were determined for helminths, host tissues, and lumen contents from 88 wolves. Sixty-three wolves contained grossly visible helminths (71.5%). The prevalence of taeniids and ascarids was 63.6% (56/88) and 20.5% (18/88), respectively. Nine of these 63 wolves contained both taeniids and ascarids (14.3%). All ascarids were determined to be Toxascaris leonina. Taenia species present included T. krabbei and T. hydatigena. Within the GI tract, [THg] in the lumen contents of the proximal small intestine were significantly lower than in the distal small intestine. There was a significant positive association between hepatic and taeniid [THg]. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) ranged from <1 to 22.9 in taeniids, and 1.1 to 12.3 in T. leonina. Taeniid and ascarid BAF were significantly higher than 1, suggesting that both groups are capable of THg accumulation in their wolf host. delta C-13 in taeniids was significantly lower than in host liver and skeletal muscle. [THg] in helminths and host tissues, in conjunction with stable isotope (C and N) values, provides insight into food-web dynamics of the host GI tract, and aids in elucidating ecotoxicoparasitologic relationships. Variation of [THg] throughout the GI tract, and between parasitic groups, underscores the need to further evaluate the effect(s) of feeding niche, and the nutritional needs of parasites, as they relate to toxicant exposure and distribution within the host. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McGrew, Ashley K.; O'Hara, Todd M.; Ballweber, Lora R.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [O'Hara, Todd M.; Castellini, J. Margaret] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Vet Med, Wildlife Toxicol Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Beckmen, Kimberlee B.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Salman, Mo D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP McGrew, AK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5P20RR016466] FX The authors extend their sincere gratitude to personnel at the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), and those individuals who assisted in sample collection. The authors appreciate the assistance provided by personnel in the Wildlife Toxicology Laboratory (UAF) for review and discussion of techniques, assistance with shipping samples, as well as use of equipment. The project described was supported by Grant Number 5P20RR016466 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the official views of NCRR or NIH. Cayce Gulbransen and Matthew Emmons conducted the isotope analyses. The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The authors also thank Barb Andre for her statistical advice. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 536 BP 866 EP 871 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.106 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR2VV UT WOS:000361189800092 PM 26283618 ER PT J AU Kroll, AJ Garcia, TS Jones, JE Dugger, K Murden, B Johnson, J Peerman, S Brintz, B Rochelle, M AF Kroll, Andrew J. Garcia, Tiffany S. Jones, Jay E. Dugger, Katie Murden, Blake Johnson, Josh Peerman, Summer Brintz, Ben Rochelle, Michael TI Evaluating Multi-Level Models to Test Occupancy State Responses of Plethodontid Salamanders SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS; STREAM-ASSOCIATED AMPHIBIANS; MANAGED FORESTS; POPULATIONS; PERSISTENCE; DEMOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION AB Plethodontid salamanders are diverse and widely distributed taxa and play critical roles in ecosystem processes. Due to salamander use of structurally complex habitats, and because only a portion of a population is available for sampling, evaluation of sampling designs and estimators is critical to provide strong inference about Plethodontid ecology and responses to conservation and management activities. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the effectiveness of multi-scale and hierarchical single-scale occupancy models in the context of a Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) experimental design with multiple levels of sampling. Also, we fit the hierarchical single-scale model to empirical data collected for Oregon slender and Ensatina salamanders across two years on 66 forest stands in the Cascade Range, Oregon, USA. All models were fit within a Bayesian framework. Estimator precision in both models improved with increasing numbers of primary and secondary sampling units, underscoring the potential gains accrued when adding secondary sampling units. Both models showed evidence of estimator bias at low detection probabilities and low sample sizes; this problem was particularly acute for the multi-scale model. Our results suggested that sufficient sample sizes at both the primary and secondary sampling levels could ameliorate this issue. Empirical data indicated Oregon slender salamander occupancy was associated strongly with the amount of coarse woody debris (posterior mean = 0.74; SD = 0.24); Ensatina occupancy was not associated with amount of coarse woody debris (posterior mean = -0.01; SD = 0.29). Our simulation results indicate that either model is suitable for use in an experimental study of Plethodontid salamanders provided that sample sizes are sufficiently large. However, hierarchical single-scale and multi-scale models describe different processes and estimate different parameters. As a result, we recommend careful consideration of study questions and objectives prior to sampling data and fitting models. C1 [Kroll, Andrew J.; Jones, Jay E.] Weyerhaeuser, Federal Way, WA 98003 USA. [Garcia, Tiffany S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dugger, Katie] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Murden, Blake] Port Blakely Tree Farms LP, Tumwater, WA USA. [Johnson, Josh; Peerman, Summer; Rochelle, Michael] Weyerhaeuser, Lebanon, WA USA. [Brintz, Ben] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kroll, AJ (reprint author), Weyerhaeuser, Federal Way, WA 98003 USA. EM aj.kroll@weyerhaeuser.com FU Oregon State University Fish and Wildlife in Managed Forests Program; Oregon Forest Industries Council; Port Blakely Tree Farms; Weyerhaeuser FX Oregon State University Fish and Wildlife in Managed Forests Program, Oregon Forest Industries Council, Port Blakely Tree Farms, and Weyerhaeuser provided funding to collect empirical data. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The funders provided support in the form of salaries for authors [AJK, TG, JJ, KD, BM, JJ, SP, MR], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0142903 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142903 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX7NW UT WOS:000365889800021 PM 26619010 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Wassenaar, LI AF Coplen, Tyler B. Wassenaar, Leonard I. TI LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of delta H-2, delta O-17, and delta O-18 of waters using laser absorption spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE RATIO ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN; SAMPLES; OXYGEN AB RATIONALE: Although laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) instrumentation is easy to use, its incorporation into laboratory operations is not easy, owing to extensive offline manipulation of comma-separated-values files for outlier detection, between-sample memory correction, nonlinearity (-variation with water amount) correction, drift correction, normalization to VSMOW-SLAP scales, and difficulty in performing long-term QA/QC audits. METHODS: A Microsoft Access relational-database application, LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System) for Lasers 2015, was developed. It automates LAS data corrections and manages clients, projects, samples, instrument-sample lists, and triple-isotope (delta O-17, delta O-18, and delta H-2 values) instrumental data for liquid-water samples. It enables users to (1) graphically evaluate sample injections for variable water yields and high isotope-delta variance; (2) correct for between-sample carryover, instrumental drift, and nonlinearity; and (3) normalize final results to VSMOW-SLAP scales. RESULTS: Cost-free LIMS for Lasers 2015 enables users to obtain improved delta O-17, delta O-18, and delta H-2 values with liquid-water LAS instruments, even those with under-performing syringes. For example, LAS H-2(VSMOW) measurements of USGS50 Lake Kyoga (Uganda) water using an under-performing syringe having 10 % variation in water concentration gave +31.7 +/- 1.6 parts per thousand (2-sigma standard deviation), compared with the reference value of +32.8 +/- 0.4 parts per thousand, after correction for variation in value with water concentration, between-sample memory, and normalization to the VSMOW-SLAP scale. CONCLUSIONS: LIMS for Lasers 2015 enables users to create systematic, well-founded instrument templates, import delta H-2, delta O-17, and delta O-18 results, evaluate performance with automatic graphical plots, correct for delta nonlinearity due to variable water concentration, correct for between-sample memory, adjust for drift, perform VSMOW-SLAP normalization, and perform long-term QA/QC audits easily. Published in 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wassenaar, Leonard I.] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 22 BP 2122 EP 2130 DI 10.1002/rcm.7372 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA CT8SI UT WOS:000363086400002 PM 26467224 ER PT J AU Falk, BG Reed, RN AF Falk, Bryan G. Reed, Robert N. TI Challenges to a molecular approach to prey identification in the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Gut content analysis; PCR enrichment; Peptide nucleic acid clamp; Everglades; Prey; Predator; DNA barcoding ID EVERGLADES NATIONAL-PARK; DNA; FLORIDA; IDENTIFY; BARCODE AB Molecular approaches to prey identification are increasingly useful in elucidating predator-prey relationships, and we aimed to investigate the feasibility of these methods to document the species identities of prey consumed by invasive Burmese pythons in Florida. We were particularly interested in the diet of young snakes, because visual identification of prey from this size class has proven difficult. We successfully extracted DNA from the gastrointestinal contents of 43 young pythons, as well as from several control samples, and attempted amplification of DNA mini-barcodes, a 130-bp region of COX1. Using a PNA clamp to exclude python DNA, we found that prey DNA was not present in sufficient quality for amplification of this locus in 86% of our samples. All samples from the GI tracts of young pythons contained only hair, and the six samples we were able to identify to species were hispid cotton rats. This suggests that young Burmese pythons prey predominantly on small mammals and that prey diversity among snakes of this size class is low. We discuss prolonged gastrointestinal transit times and extreme gastric breakdown as possible causes of DNA degradation that limit the success of a molecular approach to prey identification in Burmese pythons. C1 [Falk, Bryan G.; Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Falk, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bfalk@usgs.gov FU US National Park Service (Everglades National Park, Big Cypress National Preserve, and Biscayne National Park); USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program; USGS Invasive Species Science Program FX The US National Park Service (Everglades National Park, Big Cypress National Preserve, and Biscayne National Park), the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program, and the USGS Invasive Species Science Program provided funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 33 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD NOV 24 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e1445 DI 10.7717/peerj.1445 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX6ID UT WOS:000365803500011 PM 26623196 ER PT J AU Springer, KB Manker, CR Pigati, JS AF Springer, Kathleen B. Manker, Craig R. Pigati, Jeffrey S. TI Dynamic response of desert wetlands to abrupt climate change SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; groundwater discharge deposits; Las Vegas Valley; paleohydrology; drought ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; GREAT-BASIN; INSTABILITY; NEVADA; SCALE; ICE; PALEOHYDROLOGY; CALIBRATION; CALIFORNIA; GREENLAND AB Desert wetlands are keystone ecosystems in arid environments and are preserved in the geologic record as groundwater discharge (GWD) deposits. GWD deposits are inherently discontinuous and stratigraphically complex, which has limited our understanding of how desert wetlands responded to past episodes of rapid climate change. Previous studies have shown that wetlands responded to climate change on glacial to interglacial timescales, but their sensitivity to short-lived climate perturbations is largely unknown. Here, we show that GWD deposits in the Las Vegas Valley (southern Nevada, United States) provide a detailed and nearly complete record of dynamic hydrologic changes during the past 35 ka (thousands of calibrated C-14 years before present), including cycles of wetland expansion and contraction that correlate tightly with climatic oscillations recorded in the Greenland ice cores. Cessation of discharge associated with rapid warming events resulted in the collapse of entire wetland systems in the Las Vegas Valley at multiple times during the late Quaternary. On average, drought-like conditions, as recorded by widespread erosion and the formation of desert soils, lasted for a few centuries. This record illustrates the vulnerability of desert wetland flora and fauna to abrupt climate change. It also shows that GWD deposits can be used to reconstruct paleohydrologic conditions at millennial to submillennial timescales and informs conservation efforts aimed at protecting these fragile ecosystems in the face of anthropogenic warming. C1 [Springer, Kathleen B.; Manker, Craig R.] San Bernardino Cty Museum, Redlands, CA 92374 USA. [Springer, Kathleen B.; Pigati, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Springer, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kspringer@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Southern Nevada District Office [L08AC13098]; US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX We thank Dan Muhs, Buddy Schweig, Eric Scott, Janet Slate, and Mark Springer for constructive reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Southern Nevada District Office, for their support of this work with funding provided through Federal Assistance Agreement L08AC13098 (to K.B.S.). This project was also supported in part by the US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 24 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 47 BP 14522 EP 14526 DI 10.1073/pnas.1513352112 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW7IY UT WOS:000365173100050 PM 26554007 ER PT J AU Kowalewski, LK Chizinski, CJ Powell, LA Pope, KL Pegg, MA AF Kowalewski, Lucas K. Chizinski, Christopher J. Powell, Larkin A. Pope, Kevin L. Pegg, Mark A. TI Accuracy or precision: Implications of sample design and methodology on abundance estimation SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Abundance estimation; N-mixture model; Accuracy; Precision; Sample design ID MIXTURE-MODELS; STATISTICAL POWER; COUNTS; POPULATION; SIZE; SALMON; RATES AB Sampling by spatially replicated counts (point-count) is an increasingly popular method of estimating population size of organisms. Challenges exist when sampling by point-count method, and it is often impractical to sample entire area of interest and impossible to detect every individual present. Ecologists encounter logistical limitations that force them to sample either few large-sample units or many small sample-units, introducing biases to sample counts. We generated a computer environment and simulated sampling scenarios to test the role of number of samples, sample unit area, number of organisms, and distribution of organisms in the estimation of population sizes using N-mixture models. Many sample units of small area provided estimates that were consistently closer to true abundance than sample scenarios with few sample units of large area. However, sample scenarios with few sample units of large area provided more precise abundance estimates than abundance estimates derived from sample scenarios with many sample units of small area. It is important to consider accuracy and precision of abundance estimates during the sample design process with study goals and objectives fully recognized, although and with consequence, consideration of accuracy and precision of abundance estimates is often an afterthought that occurs during the data analysis process. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kowalewski, Lucas K.; Chizinski, Christopher J.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kowalewski, Lucas K.; Chizinski, Christopher J.; Powell, Larkin A.; Pope, Kevin L.; Pegg, Mark A.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Kowalewski, LK (reprint author), Kansas Dept Wildlife Pk & Tourism, 8304 Hedge Lane Terrace, Shawnee, KS 66227 USA. EM lucas.kowalewski@ksoutdoors.com OI Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588 FU Hatch Act funds through the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Joseph Fontaine, Dustin Martin, Ben Neely, Nathaniel Stewart, and Andrew Tyre for constructive discussions and comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. Mark Pegg and Larkin Powell were supported by the Hatch Act funds through the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2015 VL 316 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.08.016 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4PI UT WOS:000364248600017 ER PT J AU Praetorius, SK Mix, AC Walczak, MH Wolhowe, MD Addison, JA Prahl, FG AF Praetorius, S. K. Mix, A. C. Walczak, M. H. Wolhowe, M. D. Addison, J. A. Prahl, F. G. TI North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; LAST GLACIAL TERMINATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN MINIMUM ZONE; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER; SEDIMENTS; CO2; PRODUCTIVITY AB Marine sediments from the North Pacific document two episodes of expansion and strengthening of the subsurface oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) accompanied by seafloor hypoxia during the last deglacial transition(1-4). The mechanisms driving this hypoxia remain under debate(1-11). We present a new high-resolution alkenone palaeotemperature reconstruction from the Gulf of Alaska that reveals two abrupt warming events of 4-5 degrees Celsius at the onset of the Bolling and Holocene intervals that coincide with sudden shifts to hypoxia at intermediate depths. The presence of diatomaceous laminations and hypoxia-tolerant benthic foraminiferal species, peaks in redox-sensitive trace metals(12,13), and enhanced N-15/N-14 ratio of organic matter(13), collectively suggest association with high export production. A decrease in O-18/O-16 values of benthic foraminifera accompanying the most severe deoxygenation event indicates subsurface warming of up to about 2 degrees Celsius. We infer that abrupt warming triggered expansion of the North Pacific OMZ through reduced oxygen solubility and increased marine productivity via physiological effects; following initiation of hypoxia, remobilization of iron from hypoxic sediments could have provided a positive feedback on ocean deoxygenation through increased nutrient utilization and carbon export. Such a biogeochemical amplification process implies high sensitivity of OMZ expansion to warming. C1 [Praetorius, S. K.; Mix, A. C.; Walczak, M. H.; Wolhowe, M. D.; Prahl, F. G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Addison, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Praetorius, SK (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM spraetorius@carnegiescience.edu OI Walczak, Maureen/0000-0002-4123-6998; Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743 FU NSF [AGS-0602395, OCE-1204204]; NSF; USGS Cimate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; Volcano Science Center FX We thank J. Padman for assistance with faunal counts, K. Brewster for assistance with alkenone sample preparation and analysis, and A. Guiheneuf for preliminary alkenone measurements and faunal assemblage data. This work was supported by NSF grants AGS-0602395 (Project PALEOVAR, A.C.M.) and OCE-1204204 (A.C.M. and F.G.P.), and an NSF graduate research fellowship for S.K.P.; J.A.A. was supported by the USGS Cimate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program and the Volcano Science Center. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 15 U2 39 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 19 PY 2015 VL 527 IS 7578 BP 362 EP + DI 10.1038/nature15753 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW9ZN UT WOS:000365356800053 PM 26581293 ER PT J AU Rode, KD Wilson, RR Regehr, EV St Martin, M Douglas, DC Olson, J AF Rode, Karyn D. Wilson, Ryan R. Regehr, Eric V. St Martin, Michelle Douglas, David C. Olson, Jay TI Increased Land Use by Chukchi Sea Polar Bears in Relation to Changing Sea Ice Conditions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; URSUS-MARITIMUS; TERRESTRIAL FOODS; TELEMETRY DATA; OPEN-WATER; CLIMATE; SIZE; BEHAVIOR; PREDATOR AB Recent observations suggest that polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are increasingly using land habitats in some parts of their range, where they have minimal access to their preferred prey, likely in response to loss of their sea ice habitat associated with climatic warming. We used location data from female polar bears fit with satellite radio collars to compare land use patterns in the Chukchi Sea between two periods (1986-1995 and 2008-2013) when substantial summer sea-ice loss occurred. In both time periods, polar bears predominantly occupied sea-ice, although land was used during the summer sea-ice retreat and during the winter for maternal denning. However, the proportion of bears on land for > 7 days between August and October increased between the two periods from 20.0% to 38.9%, and the average duration on land increased by 30 days. The majority of bears that used land in the summer and for denning came to Wrangel and Herald Islands (Russia), highlighting the importance of these northernmost land habitats to Chukchi Sea polar bears. Where bears summered and denned, and how long they spent there, was related to the timing and duration of sea ice retreat. Our results are consistent with other studies supporting increased land use as a common response of polar bears to sea-ice loss. Implications of increased land use for Chukchi Sea polar bears are unclear, because a recent study observed no change in body condition or reproductive indices between the two periods considered here. This result suggests that the ecology of this region may provide a degree of resilience to sea ice loss. However, projections of continued sea ice loss suggest that polar bears in the Chukchi Sea and other parts of the Arctic may increasingly use land habitats in the future, which has the potential to increase nutritional stress and human-polar bear interactions. C1 [Rode, Karyn D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Wilson, Ryan R.; Regehr, Eric V.; St Martin, Michelle] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Olson, Jay] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Rode, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM krode@usgs.gov OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU USFWS Marine Mammals Management; USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative; Detroit Zoological Association; State of Alaska Coastal Impact Assessment Program FX Funding for this study was provided by the USFWS Marine Mammals Management, USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative, the Detroit Zoological Association and the State of Alaska Coastal Impact Assessment Program. Only the USFWS and USGS contributed to study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish and preparation of the manuscript. In-kind support was received from Teck Alaska, Inc. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 26 U2 96 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 18 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0142213 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142213 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW7CD UT WOS:000365154600039 PM 26580809 ER PT J AU Brieuc, MSO Purcell, MK Palmer, AD Naish, KA AF Brieuc, Marine S. O. Purcell, Maureen K. Palmer, Alexander D. Naish, Kerry A. TI Genetic variation underlying resistance to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in a steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; IHNV; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Disease resistance; Evolution; Fish disease; Heritability ID RAINBOW-TROUT; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; VIRULENCE MECHANISMS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; SUSCEPTIBILITY; WALBAUM; DIVERSITY; SIZE AB Understanding the mechanisms of host resistance to pathogens will allow insights into the response of wild populations to the emergence of new pathogens. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is endemic to the Pacific Northwest and infectious to Pacific salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus spp.). Emergence of the M genogroup of IHNV in steelhead trout O. mykiss in the coastal streams of Washington State, between 2007 and 2011, was geographically heterogeneous. Differences in host resistance due to genetic change were hypothesized to be a factor influencing the IHNV emergence patterns. For example, juvenile steelhead trout losses at the Quinault National Fish Hatchery (QNFH) were much lower than those at a nearby facility that cultures a stock originally derived from the same source population. Using a classical quantitative genetic approach, we determined the potential for the QNFH steelhead trout population to respond to selection caused by the pathogen, by estimating the heritability for 2 traits indicative of IHNV resistance, mortality (h(2) = 0.377 (0.226 - 0.550)) and days to death (h(2) = 0.093 (0.018 - 0.203)). These results confirm that there is a genetic basis for resistance and that this population has the potential to adapt to IHNV. Additionally, genetic correlation between days to death and fish length suggests a correlated response in these traits to selection. Reduction of genetic variation, as well as the presence or absence of resistant alleles, could affect the ability of populations to adapt to the pathogen. Identification of the genetic basis for IHNV resistance could allow the assessment of the susceptibility of other steelhead populations. C1 [Brieuc, Marine S. O.; Palmer, Alexander D.; Naish, Kerry A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brieuc, Marine S. O.; Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Brieuc, MSO (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mbrieuc@uw.edu RI Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014; OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778; Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-67015-19960] FX This project is supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant no. 2012-67015-19960 of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. We thank Bill Edwards at the Quinault National Fish Hatchery and Tyler Jurasin at the Lake Quinault hatchery for allowing us to obtain gametes from their facilities. We thank Gael Kurath, Rachel Thompson, Dorothy Chase, Skye Pearman-Gillman and Rachel Breyta for assistance and advice with the challenges and the laboratory work. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 117 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.3354/dao02933 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CX1QC UT WOS:000365469700007 PM 26575157 ER PT J AU Deppe, JL Ward, MP Bolus, RT Diehl, RH Celis-Murillo, A Zenzal, TJ Moore, FR Benson, TJ Smolinsky, JA Schofield, LN Enstrom, DA Paxton, EH Bohrer, G Beveroth, TA Raim, A Obringer, RL Delaney, D Cochran, WW AF Deppe, Jill L. Ward, Michael P. Bolus, Rachel T. Diehl, Robert H. Celis-Murillo, Antonio Zenzal, Theodore J., Jr. Moore, Frank R. Benson, Thomas J. Smolinsky, Jaclyn A. Schofield, Lynn N. Enstrom, David A. Paxton, Eben H. Bohrer, Gil Beveroth, Tara A. Raim, Arlo Obringer, Renee L. Delaney, David Cochran, William W. TI Fat, weather, and date affect migratory songbirds' departure decisions, routes, and time it takes to cross the Gulf of Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE migration; ecological barrier; Gulf of Mexico; songbirds; weather ID RED-EYED VIREOS; ENERGETIC CONDITION; SPRING MIGRATION; SWAINSONS THRUSH; BIRD ORIENTATION; FALL MIGRATION; STOPOVER SITES; MIGRANTS; WIND; LOUISIANA AB Approximately two thirds of migratory songbirds in eastern North America negotiate the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), where inclement weather coupled with no refueling or resting opportunities can be lethal. However, decisions made when navigating such features and their consequences remain largely unknown due to technological limitations of tracking small animals over large areas. We used automated radio telemetry to track three songbird species (Red-eyed Vireo, Swainson's Thrush, Wood Thrush) from coastal Alabama to the northern Yucatan Peninsula (YP) during fall migration. Detecting songbirds after crossing similar to 1,000 km of open water allowed us to examine intrinsic (age, wing length, fat) and extrinsic (weather, date) variables shaping departure decisions, arrival at the YP, and crossing times. Large fat reserves and low humidity, indicative of beneficial synoptic weather patterns, favored southward departure across the Gulf. Individuals detected in the YP departed with large fat reserves and later in the fall with profitable winds, and flight durations (mean = 22.4 h) were positively related to wind profit. Age was not related to departure behavior, arrival, or travel time. However, vireos negotiated the GOM differently than thrushes, including different departure decisions, lower probability of detection in the YP, and longer crossing times. Defense of winter territories by thrushes but not vireos and species-specific foraging habits may explain the divergent migratory behaviors. Fat reserves appear extremely important to departure decisions and arrival in the YP. As habitat along the GOM is degraded, birds may be limited in their ability to acquire fat to cross the Gulf. C1 [Deppe, Jill L.; Schofield, Lynn N.] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Ward, Michael P.; Bolus, Rachel T.; Celis-Murillo, Antonio] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bolus, Rachel T.; Diehl, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Zenzal, Theodore J., Jr.; Moore, Frank R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Benson, Thomas J.; Enstrom, David A.; Beveroth, Tara A.; Raim, Arlo; Cochran, William W.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Smolinsky, Jaclyn A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Paxton, Eben H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Bohrer, Gil; Obringer, Renee L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Delaney, David] US Army Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Deppe, JL (reprint author), Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. EM jldeppe@eiu.edu RI Celis Murillo, Antonio/A-3651-2013; OI Celis Murillo, Antonio/0000-0002-3371-6529; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540; Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) (IOS) [1147096, 1145952, 1147022]; National Geographic Society Committee on Research and Exploration [897111]; American Ornithologists' Union; Birmingham Audubon Society; Eastern Illinois University; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Southern Mississippi; NASA [NNX11AP61G]; NSF [0947944] FX We thank our numerous field technicians at The University of Southern Mississippi Fort Morgan Peninsula Banding Station, and Melgar Tabasco and Waldemar Santamaria for assistance in the Yucatan Peninsula. We also thank our many site partners around the Gulf for granting permission to install and operate telemetry equipment. Thanks to Sarah Davidson (Movebank curator) and Rolf Weinzierl who assisted us with archiving our movement data and accessing atmospheric data. Janet Ruth and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on earlier drafts of this paper. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (IOS Awards 1147096, 1145952, and 1147022), National Geographic Society Committee on Research and Exploration (Award 897111), American Ornithologists' Union (J.A.S.), Birmingham Audubon Society (J.A.S.), Eastern Illinois University (Research and Creative Activity Awards to J.L.D. and L.N.S.), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and The University of Southern Mississippi. G.B. was supported by NASA Award NNX11AP61G. T.J.Z. was supported by a NSF GK-12 Program Award (0947944). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 91 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 13 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 46 BP E6331 EP E6338 DI 10.1073/pnas.1503381112 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW7IA UT WOS:000365170400012 PM 26578793 ER PT J AU Lawrence, GB Hazlett, PW Fernandez, IJ Ouimet, R Bailey, SW Shortle, WC Smith, KT Antidormi, MR AF Lawrence, Gregory B. Hazlett, Paul W. Fernandez, Ivan J. Ouimet, Rock Bailey, Scott W. Shortle, Walter C. Smith, Kevin T. Antidormi, Michael R. TI Declining Acidic Deposition Begins Reversal of Forest-Soil Acidification in the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUGAR MAPLE TREES; UNITED-STATES; RED SPRUCE; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-YORK; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; CALCIUM ADDITION; CRITICAL LOADS; MINERAL SOIL; BASE CATIONS AB Decreasing trends in acidic deposition levels over the past several decades have led to partial chemical recovery of surface waters. However, depletion of soil Ca from acidic deposition has slowed surface water recovery and led to the impairment of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Nevertheless, documentation of acidic deposition effects on soils has been limited, and little is known regarding soil responses to ongoing acidic deposition decreases. In this study, resampling of soils in eastern Canada and the northeastern U.S. was done at 27 sites exposed to reductions in wet SO42- deposition of 5.7-76%, over intervals of 8-24 y. Decreases of exchangeable Al in the O horizon and increases in pH in the O and B horizons were seen at most sites. Among all sites, reductions in SO42- deposition were positively correlated with ratios (final sampling/initial sampling) of base saturation (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with exchangeable Al ratios (P < 0.05) in the 0 horizon. However, base saturation in the B horizon decreased at one-third of the sites, with no increases. These results are unique in showing that the effects of acidic deposition on North American soils have begun to reverse. C1 [Lawrence, Gregory B.; Antidormi, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Hazlett, Paul W.] Nat Resources Canada Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Fernandez, Ivan J.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Ouimet, Rock] Minist Foret Faune & Parcs Quebec, Direct Rech Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1P 3W8, Canada. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Hubbard Brook Expt Forest, No Res Stn, Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Shortle, Walter C.; Smith, Kevin T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Lawrence, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM glawrenc@usgs.gov OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative [110148]; New York Energy and Research Authority [25522]; Forest Ecosystems Integrity Project of Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative (no. 110148), the New York Energy and Research Authority (no. 25522), the Forest Ecosystems Integrity Project of Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Forest Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Mark David, University of Illinois, for providing archived soil samples, James Shanley, U.S. Geological Survey, for facilitating sampling at Sleepers River, VT, and Michael McHale for a helpful manuscript review. We also thank the Equinox Preservation Trust for permission to sample. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is maintained and operated by the U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 22 BP 13103 EP 13111 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02904 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW7AV UT WOS:000365151200003 PM 26495963 ER PT J AU Ziegler, BA McGuire, JT Cozzarelli, IM AF Ziegler, Brady A. McGuire, Jennifer T. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. TI Rates of As and Trace-Element Mobilization Caused by Fe Reduction in Mixed BTEX-Ethanol Experimental Plumes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUIFER-WETLAND SYSTEM; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; OIL SPILL SITE; PUSH-PULL TEST; NATURAL ATTENUATION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; SULFATE REDUCTION; CRUDE-OIL; FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIUM; THERMODYNAMIC CONSTRAINTS AB Biodegradation of organic matter, including petroleum-based fuels and biofuels, can create undesired secondary water-quality effects. Trace elements, especially arsenic (As), have strong adsorption affinities for Fe(III) (oxyhydr)-oxides and can be released to groundwater during Fe-reducing biodegradation. We investigated the mobilization of naturally occurring As, cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) from wetland sediments caused by the introduction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and ethanol mixtures under iron- and nitrate-reducing conditions, using in situ push pull tests. When BTEX alone was added, results showed simultaneous onset and similar rates of Fe reduction and As mobilization. In the presence of ethanol, the maximum rates of As release and Fe reduction were higher, the time to onset of reaction was decreased, and the rates occurred in multiple stages that reflected additional processes. The concentration of As increased from <1 mu g/L to a maximum of 99 mu g/L, exceeding the 10 mu g/L limit for drinking water. Mobilization of Co, Cr, and Ni was observed in association with ethanol biodegradation but not with BTEX. These results demonstrate the potential for trace-element contamination of drinking water during biodegradation and highlight the importance of monitoring trace elements at natural and enhanced attenuation sites. C1 [Ziegler, Brady A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [McGuire, Jennifer T.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ziegler, BA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM bziegler@vt.edu OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program; University of St. Thomas Grants and Research Office; National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, a collaborative venture of the USGS; Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; Beltrami County, MN FX We extend special thanks to Erik Smith, Ben Ruhme, Ryan Streitz, and Jeanne Jaeschke for their help with experimental design and collecting data. We thank Madeline Schreiber for useful discussions. This project was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the National Research Program. Partial funding for this project was provided by the University of St. Thomas Grants and Research Office and the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, a collaborative venture of the USGS, Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and Beltrami County, MN. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 22 BP 13179 EP 13189 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02341 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW7AV UT WOS:000365151200011 PM 26486694 ER PT J AU Antweiler, RC AF Antweiler, Ronald C. TI Evaluation of Statistical Treatments of Left-Censored Environmental Data Using Coincident Uncensored Data Sets. II. Group Comparisons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY DATA; DETECTION LIMIT; ICP-OES; SAMPLES; VALUES; QUANTILES; ELEMENTS AB The main classes of statistical treatments that have been used to determine if two groups of censored environmental data arise from the same distribution are substitution methods, maximum likelihood (MLE) techniques, and nonparametric methods. These treatments along with using all instrument-generated data (IN), even those less than the detection limit, were evaluated by examining 550 data sets in which the true values of the censored data were known, and therefore "true" probabilities could be calculated and used as a yardstick for comparison. It was found that technique "quality" was strongly dependent on the degree of censoring present in the groups. For low degrees of censoring (<25% in each group), the Generalized Wilcoxon (GW) technique and substitution of root 2/2 times the detection limit gave overall the best results. For moderate degrees of censoring, MLE worked best, but only if the distribution could be estimated to be normal or log-normal prior to its application; otherwise, GW was a suitable alternative. For higher degrees of censoring (each group >40% censoring), no technique provided reliable estimates of the true probability. Group size did not appear to influence the quality of the result, and no technique appeared to become better or worse than other techniques relative to group size. Finally, IN appeared to do very well relative to the other techniques regardless of censoring or group size. C1 [Antweiler, Ronald C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Antweiler, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM antweil@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 22 BP 13439 EP 13446 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02385 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW7AV UT WOS:000365151200040 PM 26490190 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Hartman, CA Eagles-Smith, CA Herzog, MP Davis, J Ichikawa, G Bonnema, A AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Hartman, C. Alex Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Herzog, Mark P. Davis, Jay Ichikawa, Gary Bonnema, Autumn TI Estimating Mercury Exposure of Piscivorous Birds and Sport Fish Using Prey Fish Monitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES REGION; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; NIGHT-LIGHTING TECHNIQUE; BREEDING COMMON LOONS; GAVIA-IMMER; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; ECOLOGICAL RISK; NORTH-AMERICA; SPACE USE; PATTERNS AB Methylmercury is a global pollutant of aquatic ecosystems, and monitoring programs need tools to predict mercury exposure of wildlife. We developed equations to estimate methylmercury exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish using mercury concentrations in prey fish. We collected original data on western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) and summarized the published literature to generate predictive equations specific to grebes and a general equation for piscivorous birds. We measured mercury concentrations in 354 grebes (blood averaged 1.06 +/- 0.08 mu g/g ww), 101 grebe eggs, 230 sport fish (predominantly largemouth bass and rainbow trout), and 505 prey fish (14 species) at 25 lakes throughout California. Mercury concentrations in grebe blood, grebe eggs, and sport fish were strongly related to mercury concentrations in prey fish among lakes. Each 1.0 mu g/g dw (similar to 0.24 mu g/g ww) increase in prey fish resulted in an increase in mercury concentrations of 103% in grebe blood, 92% in grebe eggs, and 116% in sport fish. We also found strong correlations between mercury concentrations in grebes and sport fish among lakes. Our results indicate that prey fish monitoring can be used to estimate mercury exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish when wildlife cannot be directly sampled. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Hartman, C. Alex; Herzog, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Davis, Jay] Sail Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Ichikawa, Gary] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Bonnema, Autumn] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285; Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835 FU California State Water Resources Control Board, Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program, Bioaccumulation Oversight Group; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem Mission Area; U.S. Geological Survey Contaminants Biology Program FX This research was funded by the California State Water Resources Control Board, Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program, Bioaccumulation Oversight Group; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem Mission Area; and U.S. Geological Survey Contaminants Biology Program. We thank members of the Bioaccumulation Oversight Group for project support and guidance; Ryan Martin of the California Department of Water Resources, Dave Mauser of the Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, and the Plumas Audubon Society for logistical support; Seth Wile, Ian Isler, Trevor Watts, Ashley Casey, Michelle Boyles, Garth Herring, John Pierce, Joe Schultz, Tully Rohrer, and Brandon Kowalski for field and laboratory assistance; Julie Yee for statistical advice; and Jim Wiener, Harry Ohlendorf, and Chris Schmitt for providing helpful comments on earlier versions. Research was approved by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and Oregon State University (Number 4350) Animal Care and Use Committees. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 22 BP 13596 EP 13604 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02691 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW7AV UT WOS:000365151200058 PM 26449260 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, AP Kurama, YC Taflanidis, AA Kalkan, E AF O'Donnell, A. P. Kurama, Y. C. Taflanidis, A. A. Kalkan, E. TI A Nonlinear Frame Test Structure with Repeatable Behavior for Experimental Dynamic Response History Investigation SO JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear Beam-Column Connection; Nonlinear Frame; Nonlinear Response History; Shake Table Testing; Dynamic Testing Repeatability ID REINFORCED-CONCRETE FRAME; SHAKE-TABLE TESTS; DESIGN; PERFORMANCE; WALLS AB This article describes a novel, small-scale nonlinear beam-column connection and an associated six-story frame test structure for the experimental dynamic response investigation of multi-story buildings subjected to earthquake loading. The objective is to create a re-configurable, reusable experimental platform on which several aspects of nonlinear dynamic response can be investigated through successive, exhaustive testing under suites of earthquake records. Static and dynamic calibration tests demonstrate excellent test-to-test repeatability of four structure configurations. These results confirm that the properties of each configuration (period, strength, energy dissipation) remain invariant, thus allowing future experimental investigations (e.g., of peak engineering demands) under earthquake loading. C1 [O'Donnell, A. P.; Kurama, Y. C.; Taflanidis, A. A.] Univ Notre Dame, Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kalkan, E.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Taflanidis, AA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM a.taflanidis@nd.edu RI Kurama, Yahya/C-6392-2012 OI Kurama, Yahya/0000-0003-4556-9332 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI 0928662] FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. CMMI 0928662. The support of Dr. K.I. Mehta, current NSF Program Director, and Dr. M.P. Singh, former NSF Program Director, is gratefully acknowledged. The opinions, findings, and conclusions in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF or the Program Directors. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1363-2469 EI 1559-808X J9 J EARTHQ ENG JI J. Earthqu. Eng. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1279 EP 1299 DI 10.1080/13632469.2015.1046571 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA CU7CK UT WOS:000363693200005 ER PT J AU Ingebritsen, SE Shelly, DR Hsieh, PA Clor, LE Seward, PH Evans, WC AF Ingebritsen, S. E. Shelly, D. R. Hsieh, P. A. Clor, L. E. Seward, P. H. Evans, W. C. TI Hydrothermal response to a volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm, Lassen, California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; NATIONAL-PARK; CASCADE RANGE; PERMEABILITY; SEISMICITY; DISCHARGE; INJECTION; INCREASE; SYSTEM AB The increasing capability of seismic, geodetic, and hydrothermal observation networks allows recognition of volcanic unrest that could previously have gone undetected, creating an imperative to diagnose and interpret unrest episodes. A November 2014 earthquake swarm near Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, which included the largest earthquake in the area inmore than 60 years, was accompanied by a rarely observed outburst of hydrothermal fluids. Although the earthquake swarm likely reflects upward migration of endogenous H2O-CO2 fluids in the source region, there is no evidence that such fluids emerged at the surface. Instead, shaking from the modest sized (moment magnitude 3.85) but proximal earthquake caused near-vent permeability increases that triggered increased outflow of hydrothermal fluids already present and equilibrated in a local hydrothermal aquifer. Long-term, multiparametric monitoring at Lassen and other well-instrumented volcanoes enhances interpretation of unrest and can provide a basis for detailed physical modeling. C1 [Ingebritsen, S. E.; Shelly, D. R.; Hsieh, P. A.; Clor, L. E.; Evans, W. C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Seward, P. H.] Circle S Ranch, Mill Creek, CA USA. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM seingebr@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 21 BP 9223 EP 9230 DI 10.1002/2015GL065826 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2KK UT WOS:000368336800054 ER PT J AU Drum, RG Ribic, CA Koch, K Lonsdorf, E Grant, E Ahlering, M Barnhill, L Dailey, T Lor, S Mueller, C Pavlacky, DC Rideout, C Sample, D AF Drum, Ryan G. Ribic, Christine A. Koch, Katie Lonsdorf, Eric Grant, Evan Ahlering, Marissa Barnhill, Laurel Dailey, Thomas Lor, Socheata Mueller, Connie Pavlacky, David C., Jr. Rideout, Catherine Sample, David TI Strategic Grassland Bird Conservation throughout the Annual Cycle: Linking Policy Alternatives, Landowner Decisions, and Biological Population Outcomes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TREATY ACT; AMERICA; MEXICO AB Grassland bird habitat has declined substantially in the United States. Remaining grasslands are increasingly fragmented, mostly privately owned, and vary greatly in terms of habitat quality and protection status. A coordinated strategic response for grassland bird conservation is difficult, largely due to the scope and complexity of the problem, further compounded by biological, sociological, and economic uncertainties. We describe the results from a collaborative Structured Decision Making (SDM) workshop focused on linking social and economic drivers of landscape change to grassland bird population outcomes. We identified and evaluated alternative strategies for grassland bird conservation using a series of rapid prototype models. We modeled change in grassland and agriculture cover in hypothetical landscapes resulting from different landowner decisions in response to alternative socio-economic conservation policy decisions. Resulting changes in land cover at all three stages of the annual cycle (breeding, wintering, and migration) were used to estimate changes in grassland bird populations. Our results suggest that successful grassland bird conservation may depend upon linkages with ecosystem services on working agricultural lands and grassland-based marketing campaigns to engage the public. With further development, spatial models that link landowner decisions with biological outcomes can be essential tools for making conservation policy decisions. A coordinated non-traditional partnership will likely be necessary to clearly understand and systematically respond to the many conservation challenges facing grassland birds. C1 [Drum, Ryan G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 47403 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. [Koch, Katie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Marquette, MI USA. [Lonsdorf, Eric] Franklin & Marshal Coll, Lancaster, PA USA. [Grant, Evan] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Ahlering, Marissa] Nature Conservancy, Brookings, SD USA. [Barnhill, Laurel] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Inventory & Monitoring, Athens, GA USA. [Dailey, Thomas] Natl Bobwhite Conservat Initiat, Columbia, MO USA. [Lor, Socheata] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Mueller, Connie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Waubay, SD USA. [Pavlacky, David C., Jr.] Bird Conservancy Rockies, Brighton, CO USA. [Rideout, Catherine] Auburn Univ, East Gulf Coastal Plain Joint Venture, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sample, David] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI USA. RP Drum, RG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 47403 USA. EM ryan_drum@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Conservation Training Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Conservation Training Center (NCTC); U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; the Structured Decision Making workshop was hosted by the National Conservation Training Center. Funding for publication expenses was provided by the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.; The authors wish to thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Conservation Training Center (NCTC) and the U.S. Geological Survey for their support. We also thank E. Nelson for comments on a previous draft of this manuscript and the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, for providing publication expenses. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0142525 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142525 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW5XP UT WOS:000365070700048 PM 26569108 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AMONG BROAD-CLAWED SHREWS (MAMMALIA: EULIPOTYPHLA: SORICIDAE: CRYPTOTIS POMEL, 1848) FROM HIGHLANDS OF WESTERN HONDURAS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW CRYPTIC SPECIES SO ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM LA English DT Article DE Blarinini; Central America; humerus; Insectivora; locomotion; manus; postcranial anatomy; Soricinae; Soricomorpha ID SMALL-EARED SHREWS; GENUS CRYPTOTIS; EVOLUTIONARY MORPHOLOGY; FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY; LOCOMOTORY BEHAVIOR; SKELETAL MORPHOLOGY; CENTRAL-AMERICA; FORELIMB; SORICOMORPHA; PROPORTIONS AB Broad-clawed shrews of the Cryptotis goldmani group (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) are discontinuously distributed in temperate highlands from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico, to Honduras. The group represents a clade within the small-eared shrews (genus Cryptotis Pomel, 1848) that is characterized by modifications of the forelimb, including broadened fore-feet, elongated and broadened fore-claws, and a massive humerus with enlarged processes. Two species of C. goldmani group shrews have been recorded previously from Honduras: C. magnimanus Woodman and Timm, 1999, is endemic to the Cordillera de Montecillos, and C. goodwini Jackson, 1933, which also occurs in the Sierra Madre of southern Guatemala, has been recorded from three isolated highland regions with remnant forest in western Honduras. Morphological and morphometrical analyses of variation in the skull and postcranial skeleton within and among the three Honduran populations of C. goodwini reveal that each represents a distinct species of broad-clawed shrew. These are described herein as three new species of the C. goldmani group: Cryptotis celaque, Cryptotis mccarthyi, and Cryptotis cavatorculus, and their locomotory ability and substrate use are characterized relative to other small-eared shrews. C1 [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Sect Mammals,Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Sect Mammals,Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmanN@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU CARNEGIE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI PITTSBURGH PA 4400 FORBES AVE, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0097-4463 EI 1943-6300 J9 ANN CARNEGIE MUS JI Ann. Carnegie Mus. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 83 IS 2 BP 95 EP 119 PG 25 WC Paleontology; Zoology SC Paleontology; Zoology GA CZ4MA UT WOS:000367076100002 ER PT J AU Glaser, PH Hansen, BCS Donovan, JJ Givnish, TJ Stricker, CA Volin, JC AF Glaser, Paul H. Hansen, Barbara C. S. Donovan, Joseph J. Givnish, Thomas J. Stricker, Craig A. Volin, John C. TI Comment on "Donders, TH 2014. Middle Holocene humidity increase in Florida: Climate or sea-level? Quaternary Science Reviews 103: 170-174" SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Letter ID VEGETATION CHANGE; EVERGLADES; DYNAMICS; RISE C1 [Glaser, Paul H.; Hansen, Barbara C. S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Donovan, Joseph J.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Givnish, Thomas J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Volin, John C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Glaser, PH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM glase001@umn.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 128 BP 138 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.006 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CW3IC UT WOS:000364884400010 ER PT J AU Chang, Y Zhu, ZL Bu, RC Li, YH Hu, YM AF Chang, Yu Zhu, Zhiliang Bu, Rencang Li, Yuehui Hu, Yuanman TI Environmental controls on the characteristics of mean number of forest fires and mean forest area burned (1987-2007) in China SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire characteristics; Mean number of forest fires; Mean forest area burned; de Martonne aridity index; Kira arid indexy; RDA ordination ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; GREAT XINGAN MOUNTAINS; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BOREAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; HOLOCENE VEGETATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SOUTHERN CASCADES; WILDFIRE REGIMES AB Fire size and fire frequency are important indicators of fire characteristics. Characterizing fire size and fire frequency and understanding its environmental controls are indispensable to fire prediction and sustainable forest landscape management. In this paper, we determined the mean number of fires and the mean forest area burned by province to define five distinct patterns of fires across China by cluster analysis for the period 1987-2007. Then, we performed Redundancy Analysis (RDA) to explore factors influencing the spatial variation in the mean number of fires and the mean forest area burned, and to determine their relative contributions to this variation. Results showed that the north part of China generally had low mean number of fires. Percentage of the total number of fires in northeastern, northern and northwestern region to the total number of fires in whole country is 3.49%, 3.18% and 2.19% respectively. Neimenggu and Heilongjiang had larger mean burned forest area with 208,786 and 103,018 ha respectively. RDA analysis showed that the percentage of forest land and de Martonne aridity had significant impacts on the spatial variation in forest fire characteristics over China (p < 0.05). These two variables and their interactions explained 44.9% of the total variance of the mean number of forest fires and mean forest area burned (63%), out of which 8.2% was explained by percentage of forest land, 11.7% by de Martonne aridity and 25.0% by their interactions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Yu; Bu, Rencang; Li, Yuehui; Hu, Yuanman] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, State Key Lab Forest & Soil Ecol, Shenyang 110164, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Chang, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110164, Peoples R China. EM changyu@iae.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31470516, 41271201]; Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) [XDA05050201] FX This research was supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 31470516, 41271201), and the Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Grant No. XDA05050201). We thank the National Science Data Infrastructure of Forestry (NSDIF) (http://www.cfsdc.org/) for providing fire statistic data and forest inventory data, the China Meteorological Data sharing Service System (http://cdc.nmic.cn/) for providing observational meteorological data, the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC) (http://www.stats.gov.cn/) for providing the fifth population census data, and the Environmental and Ecological Science Data Center for West China (WestDC) (http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn/) for providing land use map and Digital Elevation Model (DEM). We thank the anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 356 SI SI BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.07.012 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CW3II UT WOS:000364885100003 ER PT J AU Jackson, WA Davila, AF Sears, DWG Coates, JD Mckay, CP Brundrett, M Estrada, N Bohlke, JK AF Jackson, W. Andrew Davila, Alfonso F. Sears, Derek W. G. Coates, John D. McKay, Christopher P. Brundrett, Maeghan Estrada, Nubia Boehlke, J. K. TI Widespread occurrence of (per)chlorate in the Solar System SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chlorate; perchlorate; meteorite; chondrite; Murchinson; Fayetteville ID MARTIAN SOIL; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; NATURAL PERCHLORATE; DENITRIFIER METHOD; FRESH-WATER; NITRATE; ORIGIN; CHLORINE; METEORITES; REDUCTION AB Perchlorate (ClO4-) and chlorate (ClO3-) are ubiquitous on Earth and ClO4- has also been found on Mars. These species can play important roles in geochemical processes such as oxidation of organic matter and as biological electron acceptors, and are also indicators of important photochemical reactions involving oxyanions; on Mars they could be relevant for human habitability both in terms of in situ resource utilization and potential human health effects. For the first time, we extracted, detected and quantified ClO4- and ClO3- in extraterrestrial, non-planetary samples: regolith and rock samples from the Moon, and two chondrite meteorites (Murchison and Fayetteville). Lunar samples were collected by astronauts during the Apollo program, and meteorite samples were recovered immediately after their fall. This fact, together with the heterogeneous distribution of ClO4- and ClO3- within some of the samples, and their relative abundance with respect to other soluble species (e.g., NO3-) are consistent with an extraterrestrial origin of the oxychlorine species. Our results, combined with the previously reported widespread occurrence on Earth and Mars, indicate that ClO4- and ClO3- could be present throughout the Solar System. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, W. Andrew; Brundrett, Maeghan; Estrada, Nubia] Texas Tech Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Davila, Alfonso F.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Davila, Alfonso F.; Sears, Derek W. G.; McKay, Christopher P.] NASA, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Coates, John D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sears, Derek W. G.] Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Jackson, WA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM andrew.jackson@ttu.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009; OI Davila, Alfonso/0000-0002-0977-9909 FU NASA Astrobiology program [NNX12AD61G]; NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) [NNX15BB01A] FX We would like to acknowledge the CAPTEM (Curation and Analysis Planning Team for Extraterrestrial Materials) and the lunar sample curators at NASA Johnson Space Center for providing the Moon samples. We acknowledge the Smithsonian Institution for providing samples of the Murchison meteorite, and the University of Arkansas for providing samples of the Fayetteville meteorite. Janet Hannon and Andrew Schauer assisted with NO3- isotope analyses. David Stonestrom, Balaji Rao, Mark Claire, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful reviews of the manuscript. AFD acknowledges funding from the NASA Astrobiology program (Grant NNX12AD61G), and the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI Grant NNX15BB01A to the SETI Institute). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 430 BP 470 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.003 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CT8ML UT WOS:000363070600045 ER PT J AU Lee, DG Roehrdanz, PR Feraud, M Ervin, J Anumol, T Jia, A Park, M Tamez, C Morelius, EW Gardea-Torresdey, JL Izbicki, J Means, JC Snyder, SA Holden, PA AF Lee, Do Gyun Roehrdanz, Patrick R. Feraud, Marina Ervin, Jared Anumol, Tarun Jia, Ai Park, Minkyu Tamez, Carlos Morelius, Erving W. Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L. Izbicki, John Means, Jay C. Snyder, Shane A. Holden, Patricia A. TI Wastewater compounds in urban shallow groundwater wells correspond to exfiltration probabilities of nearby sewers SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GIS; Sanitary sewer exfiltration; Compounds of emerging concern; Wastewater indicators; Fluorescence spectroscopy ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; DRINKING-WATER; ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS; ANTHROPOGENIC MARKER; BIOANALYTICAL TOOLS; FECAL CONTAMINATION; RECEIVING WATERS; TREATMENT PLANTS; SURFACE WATERS; STORM DRAINS AB Wastewater compounds are frequently detected in urban shallow groundwater. Sources include sewage or reclaimed wastewater, but origins are often unknown. In a prior study, wastewater compounds were quantified in waters sampled from shallow groundwater wells in a small coastal California city. Here, we resampled those wells and expanded sample analyses to include sewage- or reclaimed water-specific indicators, i.e. pharmaceutical and personal care product chemicals or disinfection byproducts. Also, we developed a geographic information system (GIS)-based model of sanitary sewer exfiltration probability combining a published pipe failure model accounting for sewer pipe size, age, materials of construction, with interpolated depths to groundwater to determine if sewer system attributes relate to wastewater compounds in urban shallow groundwater. Across the wells, groundwater samples contained varying wastewater compounds, including acesulfame, sucralose, bisphenol A, 4-tert-octylphenol, estrone and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS). Fecal indicator bacterial concentrations and toxicological bioactivities were less than known benchmarks. However, the reclaimed water in this study was positive for all bioactivity tested. Excluding one well intruded by seawater, the similarity of groundwater to sewage, based on multiple indicators, increased with increasing sanitary sewer exfiltration probability (modeled from infrastructure within ca. 300 m of each well). In the absence of direct exfiltration or defect measurements, sewer exfiltration probabilities modeled from the collection system's physical data can indicate potential locations where urban shallow groundwater is contaminated by sewage. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Do Gyun; Roehrdanz, Patrick R.; Feraud, Marina; Ervin, Jared; Means, Jay C.; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lee, Do Gyun; Roehrdanz, Patrick R.; Feraud, Marina; Ervin, Jared; Means, Jay C.; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Anumol, Tarun; Jia, Ai; Park, Minkyu; Snyder, Shane A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tamez, Carlos; Morelius, Erving W.; Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Chem, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Tamez, Carlos; Morelius, Erving W.; Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L.] Univ Texas El Paso, Environm Sci & Engn PhD Program, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Izbicki, John] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Holden, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM holden@bren.ucsb.edu RI Means, Jay/I-6149-2012; OI Means, Jay/0000-0003-2664-9396; Park, Minkyu/0000-0003-1139-9347 FU trust of Mr. Henry H. Wheeler; MRSEC Program of the NSF [DMR 1121053]; NSF FX Funding for this project was provided by the trust of Mr. Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Laurie Van De Werfhorst, Corinne Dorais and Ning Jiang assisted with laboratory analyses. Sage Davis assisted with field sampling procedures and laboratory facilities. Dr. John Giesy's lab at the University of Saskatoon assisted with the AhR bioassay. The MRL Shared Experimental Facilities were used for ICP-AES and EEM, and are supported by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under Award No. DMR 1121053, a member of the NSF-funded Materials Research Facilities Network (www.mrfn.org). NR 90 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 85 BP 467 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.048 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CU2LT UT WOS:000363355700050 ER PT J AU Saccocia, PJ Seewald, JS Shanks, WC AF Saccocia, Peter J. Seewald, Jeffrey S. Shanks, Wayne C., III TI Oxygen isotope fractionation in the portlandite-water and brucite-water systems from 125 to 450 degrees C, 50 MPa SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC ROCKS; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; MINERALS; HYDROGEN; SERPENTINIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM; OXIDES; H2O; TEMPERATURES AB Equilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation factors were determined for the portlandite-water and brucite-water systems from 125 to 425 degrees C, 50 MPa using the partial exchange technique. Reagent grade cryptocrystalline Ca(OH)(2) and amorphous Mg(OH)(2) were reacted with three waters having different initial delta O-18 compositions. Isotope exchange occurred via recrystallization with exchange varying from 40% to 95% at 200 to 425 degrees C, respectively. Equilibrium O-18 brucite-water fractionation factors (10(3)ln alpha) increase from -4.7 +/- 3.5 parts per thousand at 200 degrees C to -3.5 +/- 2.5 parts per thousand at 425 degrees C. These data connect smoothly with previous experimental calibrations at lower and higher temperatures to define a single function valid from 15 to 450 degrees C, as follows: 10(3)ln alpha(brucite-water) = 4.39 x10(6)/T-2-16.95 x 10(3)/T+11.19 where T is temperature in Kelvin. These results confirm the existence of a broad minimum in the fractionation factor for brucite at similar to 250 degrees C. The equilibrium O-18 fractionation factor for portlandite-water varies from -11.1 +/- 2.7 parts per thousand at 125 degrees C to -6.6 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand at 425 degrees C, and can be described by the following function: 10(3)ln alpha(brucite-water) = 5. 61 x 10(6)/T-2-26.29 x 10(3)/T+19.72 where T is temperature in Kelvin. These experimental results indicate that brucite favors O-18 relative to portlandite with brucite- portlandite fractionation decreasing from 8 parts per thousand to 3 parts per thousand from 125 to 425 degrees C. A significant temperature dependent cation mass effect is therefore indicated for cation-OH bonds in hydroxide minerals. The observed fractionation is consistent with quantum theory which predicts that bonds with less massive cations have higher vibrational frequencies and will display a relative affinity for O-18 to stabilize the structure. Brucite-portlandite 18 O fractionation predicted using the increment method is extremely small, opposite in sign (-0.1 parts per thousand to -0.2 parts per thousand), and shows very little dependence on temperature, in poor agreement with the experimental calibration. This indicates that the method does not adequately account for the effect of cation mass on O-18 fractionation within hydroxide minerals. It is suggested that cation-specific parameters within the increment method could be fit to the experimental calibrations reported here to improve prediction of fractionation factors for hydroxides and hydroxyl-bearing aluminosilicates, particularly at low temperate where the cation-mass effect is more significant. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Saccocia, Peter J.] Bridgewater State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bridgewater, MA 02325 USA. [Seewald, Jeffrey S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Saccocia, PJ (reprint author), Bridgewater State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bridgewater, MA 02325 USA. EM psaccocia@bridgew.edu FU NSF [OCE-9820287] FX This work was supported by NSF grant OCE-9820287. The assistance of former BSU students Karen Hurley and Daniel DeSousa in the laboratory is greatly appreciated. The paper was greatly improved by substantive comments provided by three anonymous reviewers. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 169 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2015.07.017 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CT7ED UT WOS:000362975700009 ER PT J AU Dekov, VM Lalonde, SV Kamenov, GD Bayon, G Shanks, WC Fortin, D Fouquet, Y Moscati, RJ AF Dekov, V. M. Lalonde, S. V. Kamenov, G. D. Bayon, G. Shanks, W. C., III Fortin, D. Fouquet, Y. Moscati, R. J. TI Geochemistry and mineralogy of a silica chimney from an inactive seafloor hydrothermal field (East Pacific Rise, 18 degrees S) SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chimney; C-O-Si-Sr-Nd-Pb-Th-U isotopes; Hydrothermal; Seafloor; Silica ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; 19-DEGREES-S NAUDUR CRUISE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; ICP-MS; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; SPREADING CENTER; STABLE-ISOTOPES; HOT-SPRINGS; MICROBIAL SILICIFICATION AB An inactive vent field comprised of dead chimneys was discovered on the ultrafast East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 18 degrees S during the research campaign NAUDUR with the R/V Le Nadir in December 1993. One of these chimneys was sampled, studied and found to be largely composed of silica-mineralized bacterial-like filaments. The filaments are inferred to be the result of microbial activity leading to silica (+/- Fe-oxyhydroxide) precipitation. The chimney grew from the most external layer (precipitated 226 +/- 4 yr. B.P.) towards the central chimney conduit. Hydrothermal activity ceased 154 +/- 13 yr. B.P. and the chimney conduit was completely sealed. Mixing between an end-member hydrothermal fluid and seawater explains the Sr-Nd isotopic composition of the chimney. Seawater was the major source of Sr to the chimney, whereas the dominant Nd source was the local mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) leached by the hydrothermal fluids. The mixing scenarios point to a dynamic hydrothermal system with fluctuating fluid compositions. The proportion of seawater within the venting fluid responsible for the precipitation of the silica chimney layers varied between 94 and 85%. Pb-isotope data indicates that all of the Pb in the chimney was derived from the underlying MORB. The precipitation temperatures of the chimney layers varied between 55 and 71 degrees C, and were a function of the seawater/end-member hydrothermal fluid mixing ratio. delta Si-30 correlates with the temperature of precipitation implying that temperature is one of the major controls of the Si-isotope composition of the chimney. Concentrations of elements across the chimney wall were a function of this mixing ratio and the composition of the end-member hydrothermal fluid. The inward growth of the chimney wall and accompanying decrease in wall permeability resulted in an inward decrease in the seawater/hydrothermal fluid mixing ratio, which in turn exerted a control on the concentrations of the elements supplied mainly by the hydrothermal fluids. The silica chimney is significantly enriched in U, likely a result of bacterial concentration of U from the seawater-dominated vent fluid. The chimney is poor in rare earth elements (REE). It inherited its REE distribution patterns from the parent end-member hydrothermal fluids. The dilution of the hydrothermal fluid with over 85% seawater could not obliterate the particular REE features (positive Eu anomaly) of the hydrothermal fluids. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dekov, V. M.; Bayon, G.; Fouquet, Y.] IFREMER, Dept Geosci Marines, Lab Geochim & Metallogenie, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Lalonde, S. V.] Univ Brest, Lab Domaines Ocean, UMR 6538, CNRS,Inst Univ Europeen Mer, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Kamenov, G. D.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shanks, W. C., III; Moscati, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fortin, D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Dekov, VM (reprint author), IFREMER, Dept Geosci Marines, Lab Geochim & Metallogenie, BP 70, F-29280 Plouzane, France. EM Vesselin.Dekov@ifremer.fr RI Lalonde, Stefan/I-8879-2014; Bayon, Germain/F-9754-2010 OI Lalonde, Stefan/0000-0003-1318-2280; FU Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship (7th European Community Framework Programme) [253182]; LabexMER postdoctoral fellowship FX This research was supported by a Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship (7th European Community Framework Programme; grant #253182, IsoBAB) to V. M. Dekov and by a LabexMER postdoctoral fellowship to S. Lalonde. We also thank Editor-in-Chief Michael Bottcher and two anonymous reviewers for their comments that significantly improved the manuscript. NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 415 BP 126 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.09.017 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CT0AB UT WOS:000362454900009 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Simmons, KR Meco, J Porat, N AF Muhs, Daniel R. Simmons, Kathleen R. Meco, Joaquin Porat, Naomi TI Uranium-series ages of fossil corals from Mallorca, Spain: The "Neotyrrhenian" high stand of the Mediterranean Sea revisited SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean; Sea level history; Uranium-series dating; Coral; Last interglacial period; Paleozoogeography ID LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; CAPE-VERDE ARCHIPELAGO; LATE QUATERNARY UPLIFT; U-SERIES; MARINE TERRACES; CANARY-ISLANDS; LEVEL CHANGES; BALEARIC-ISLANDS; CLIMATE CHANGES; SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN AB The emergent marine deposits of the Mediterranean basin have been recognized as an important record of Quaternary sea level history for more than a century. Previous workers identified what have been interpreted to be two separate high stands of sea in the late Quaternary, namely the "Eutyrrhenian" (thought to be similar to 120 ka) and the "Neotyrrhenian" (thought to be either similar to 100 ka or similar to 80 ka). On Mallorca, Spain, both of these named deposits lie close to present sea level, implying paleo-sea levels slightly above present during both marine isotope stages (MIS) 5.5/5e and either 5.3/5c or 5.1/5a. If these interpretations are correct, they conflict, at least in part, with sea level records from far-field localities. We analyzed corals from the Neotyrrhenian beds on Mallorca, which gave U-series ages from similar to 126 ka to similar to 118 ka. These ages are consistent with previously published amino acid data that show that the Neotyrrhenian and Eutyrrhenian deposits are not significantly different in age. A fossil molluscan fauna from the Neotyrrhenian deposits on Mallorca has a warm-water paleozoogeographic aspect, with nine southward-ranging species and four extralimital southern species. When compared with sea surface temperatures obtained from planktonic foraminifera and alkenones from ODP core 977 in the nearby Alboran Sea, the only time period that shows comparable warmth is MIS 5.5/5e, consistent with the U-series ages of corals from the Neotyrrhenian deposits. We propose that the Neotyrrhenian deposits are a beachrock facies of the same age as the Eutyrrhenian deposits. This interpretation is consistent with the differences in physical sedimentology of the two deposits, explains the U-series and amino acid data indicating the same age, is consistent with the very slight elevation difference of the Neotyrrhenian and Eutyrrhenian beds, and explains the similar, though not identical paleozoogeographic aspects of their fossil faunas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Simmons, Kathleen R.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Meco, Joaquin] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Dept Biol, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017, Canary Islands, Spain. [Porat, Naomi] Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov; ksimmons@usgs.gov; joaquinfrancisco.meco@ulpgc.es; naomi.porat@gsi.gov.il FU Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX Work by U.S. Geological Survey authors was supported by the Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and is a contribution to the "Geologic Records of High Sea Levels" Project. Special thanks go to Gary Skipp (USGS), who X-rayed all the corals in this study. We thank Robert Halley (USGS, retired) for very helpful discussions. Our sincere appreciation is extended to Dr. Belen Martrat for advice on which ODP core records to examine and to Dr. Francisco Sierro for providing the planktonic foraminiferal-derived SST data from ODP core 977. Dr. William G. Thompson (Woods Hole) kindly provided his U-series open-system correction system software and guided us in its use, for which we express our thanks. Drs. Margaret Berry and Keith Lucey (both U.S. Geological Survey), Jim Rose (Royal Holloway, University of London), two anonymous reviewers, and editor Thierry Correge provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper. NR 126 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 438 BP 408 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.06.043 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA CT2DX UT WOS:000362613300034 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Wassenaar, LI Mukwaya, C Qi, HP Lorenz, JM AF Coplen, Tyler B. Wassenaar, Leonard I. Mukwaya, Christine Qi, Haiping Lorenz, Jennifer M. TI A new isotopic reference material for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope-ratio measurements of water-USGS50 Lake Kyoga Water SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETERS; GAS AB RationaleAs a result of the need for isotopic reference waters having high H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) and O-18(VSMOW-SLAP) values for daily use, especially for tropical and equatorial-zone freshwaters, a new secondary isotopic reference material for international distribution was prepared from water collected from Lake Kyoga, Uganda. MethodsThis isotopic reference lakewater was filtered through a membrane with 0.2-mu m pore size, homogenized, loaded into glass ampoules that were sealed with a torch and autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and measured by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. This reference material is available in a case of 144 glass ampoules each containing 5mL of water. ResultsThe H-2 and O-18 values of this reference material are +32.80.4 and +4.95 +/- 0.02 mUr (milliurey=0.001=1 parts per thousand), respectively, relative to VSMOW, on scales normalized such that the H-2 and O-18 values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, -428 and -55.5 mUr. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U=2u(c)) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95 % probability of encompassing the true value. ConclusionsThis isotopic reference material, designated as USGS50, is intended as one of two reference waters for daily normalization of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis of water with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer, of use especially for isotope-hydrology laboratories analyzing freshwater samples from equatorial and tropical regions. Published in 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Coplen, Tyler B.; Qi, Haiping; Lorenz, Jennifer M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wassenaar, Leonard I.] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Mukwaya, Christine] Minist Water & Environm, Directorate Water Resources Management, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov OI Lorenz, Jennifer/0000-0002-5826-7264 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; International Atomic Energy Agency FX We thank K. Janzen (University of Saskatchewan) for constructive comments that improved this manuscript. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program and the International Atomic Energy Agency made this report possible. We would also like to thank the Directorate of Water Resources Management, Uganda, for the logistical support in collection of the lake water sample. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or the International Atomic Energy Agency. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 21 BP 2078 EP 2082 DI 10.1002/rcm.7369 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA CT2QJ UT WOS:000362647900020 PM 26443409 ER PT J AU Troxler, TG Barr, JG Fuentes, JD Engel, V Anderson, G Sanchez, C Lagomasino, D Price, R Davis, SE AF Troxler, Tiffany G. Barr, Jordan G. Fuentes, Jose D. Engel, Victor Anderson, Gordon Sanchez, Christopher Lagomasino, David Price, Rene Davis, Stephen E. TI Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE pCO(2); Pneumatophore; Course woody debris; Carbon; Budget; Peat ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SPATIAL VARIATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; ESTUARINE WATERS; SOUTH FLORIDA; GAS-EXCHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; FORESTS; FLUX AB Carbon cycling in mangrove forests represents a significant portion of the coastal wetland carbon (C) budget across the latitudes of the tropics and subtropics. Previous research suggests fluctuations in tidal inundation, temperature and salinity can influence forest metabolism and C cycling. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from respiration that occurs from below the canopy is contributed from different components. In this study, we investigated variation in CO2 flux among different below-canopy components (soil, leaf litter, course woody debris, soil including pneumatophores, prop roots, and surface water) in a riverine mangrove forest of Shark River Slough estuary, Everglades National Park (Florida, USA). The range in CO2 flux from different components exceeded that measured among sites along the oligohaline-saline gradient. Black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) pneumatophores contributed the largest average CO2 flux. Over a narrow range of estuarine salinity (25-35 practical salinity units (PSU)), increased salinity resulted in lower CO2 flux to the atmosphere. Tidal inundation reduced soil CO2 flux overall but increased the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) observed in the overlying surface water upon flooding. Higher pCO(2) in surface water is then subject to tidally driven export, largely as HCO3. Integration and scaling of CO2 flux rates to forest scale allowed for improved understanding of the relative contribution of different below-canopy components to mangrove forest ecosystem respiration (ER). Summing component CO2 fluxes suggests a more significant contribution of below-canopy respiration to ER than previously considered. An understanding of below-canopy CO2 component fluxes and their contributions to ER can help to elucidate how C cycling will change with discrete disturbance events (e.g., hurricanes) and long-term change, including sea-level rise, and potential impact mangrove forests. As such, key controls on below-canopy ER must be taken into consideration when developing and modeling mangrove forest C budgets. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Barr, Jordan G.] Everglades Natl Pk, South Florida Nat Res Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Fuentes, Jose D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Engel, Victor; Anderson, Gordon] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. [Sanchez, Christopher] Univ Miami, Abbess Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Policy, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Lagomasino, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Price, Rene] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Price, Rene] Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Davis, Stephen E.] Everglades Fdn, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. RP Troxler, TG (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, OE 148,11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM troxlert@fiu.edu RI Lagomasino, David/P-8413-2015; OI Lagomasino, David/0000-0003-4008-5363; Barr, Jordan/0000-0002-6460-3463 FU National Park Service; Florida Coastal Everglades LTER through National Science Foundation [DEB-1237517, DBI-0620409]; Department of Energy, National Institute for Climate Change Research [DE-FC02-06ER64298] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Park Service, Florida Coastal Everglades LTER through support from the National Science Foundation grants DEB-1237517 and DBI-0620409, and the Department of Energy, National Institute for Climate Change Research (Grant number DE-FC02-06ER64298). Field support was kindly provided by Rafael Travieso, Adam Hines, Olga Sanchez and Patrick Risko. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers and Barclay Shoemaker who provided valuable comments that improved the manuscript. This is contribution number 704 of the Southeast Environmental Research Center at Florida International University. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 15 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 213 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR3TG UT WOS:000361255400026 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Fuller, DO Teh, SY Zhai, L Koh, HL DeAngelis, DL Sternberg, LDL AF Jiang, Jiang Fuller, Douglas O. Teh, Su Yean Zhai, Lu Koh, Hock Lye DeAngelis, Donald L. Sternberg, Leonel da Silveira Lobo TI Bistability of mangrove forests and competition with freshwater plants SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternative stable states; Transpiration; Sharp ecotone; Regime shift; Storm surge; Sea level rise ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GAS-EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; SOUTH FLORIDA; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; LAGUNCULARIA-RACEMOSA; HIBISCUS-TILIACEUS; TRANSPIRATION RATE; SALINITY GRADIENT; USE EFFICIENCY AB Halophytic communities such as mangrove forests and buttonwood hammocks tend to border freshwater plant communities as sharp ecotones. Most studies attribute this purely to underlying physical templates, such as groundwater salinity gradients caused by tidal flux and topography. However, a few recent studies hypothesize that self-reinforcing feedback between vegetation and vadose zone salinity are also involved and create a bistable situation in which either halophytic dominated habitat or freshwater plant communities may dominate as alternative stable states. Here, we revisit the bistability hypothesis and demonstrate the mechanisms that result in bistability. We demonstrate with remote sensing imagery the sharp boundaries between freshwater hardwood hammock communities in southern Florida and halophytic communities such as buttonwood hammocks and mangroves. We further document from the literature how transpiration of mangroves and freshwater plants respond differently to vadose zone salinity, thus altering the salinity through feedback. Using mathematical models, we show how the self-reinforcing feedback, together with physical template, controls the ecotones between halophytic and freshwater communities. Regions of bistability along environmental gradients of salinity have the potential for large-scale vegetation shifts following pulse disturbances such as hurricane tidal surges in Florida, or tsunamis in other regions. The size of the region of bistability can be large for low-lying coastal habitat due to the saline water table, which extends inland due to salinity intrusion. We suggest coupling ecological and hydrologic processes as a framework for future studies. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Jiang] Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Fuller, Douglas O.] Univ Miami, Dept Geog, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Teh, Su Yean] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Math Sci, George Town 11800, Malaysia. [Zhai, Lu; DeAngelis, Donald L.; Sternberg, Leonel da Silveira Lobo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Koh, Hock Lye] UCSI Univ, Off DVC Res & Postgrad Studies, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Sternberg, LDL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM Leo@bio.miami.edu RI Teh, Su Yean/B-3892-2011; Jiang, Jiang/H-1080-2012 OI Teh, Su Yean/0000-0003-4404-661X; Jiang, Jiang/0000-0001-5058-8664 FU National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NSF) [DBI-1300426]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville; NASA Water SCAPES (Science of Coupled Aquatic Processes in Ecosystems from Space) Grant [NNX08BA43A]; FISCHS Project (Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species) at the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center - USGS Ecosystems Mapping; USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science; [305/PMATHS/613418]; [203/PMATHS/6730101] FX We appreciate two reviewers for insightful comments on this manuscript. JJ was supported as Postdoctoral Fellow at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NSF Award #DBI-1300426) with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. DOF and LSLS were supported by the NASA Water SCAPES (Science of Coupled Aquatic Processes in Ecosystems from Space) Grant NNX08BA43A. DLD was partially supported by the FISCHS Project (Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species) at the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center, funded by USGS Ecosystems Mapping and the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. SYT and HLK were partially supported by the grants 305/PMATHS/613418 and 203/PMATHS/6730101. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 213 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.004 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR3TG UT WOS:000361255400027 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Barr, JG Engel, V Fuentes, JD Wang, HQ AF Krauss, Ken W. Barr, Jordan G. Engel, Vic Fuentes, Jose D. Wang, Hongqing TI Approximations of stand water use versus evapotranspiration from three mangrove forests in southwest Florida, USA SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eddy covariance; Estuarine forest; Penman-Monteith; Sap flux; Water cycle ID SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS; XYLEM SAP; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENERGY-BALANCE; FLUX-DENSITY; TREES; TRANSPIRATION; EVERGLADES; PATTERNS AB Leaves from mangrove forests are often considered efficient in the use of water during photosynthesis, but less is known about whole-tree and stand-level water use strategies. Are mangrove forests as conservative in water use as experimental studies on seedlings imply? Here, we apply a simple model to estimate stand water use (S), determine the contribution of S to evapotranspiration (ET), and approximate the distribution of S versus ET over annual cycles for three mangrove forests in southwest Florida, USA. The value of S ranged from 350 to 511 mm year(-1) for two mangrove forests in Rookery Bay to 872 mm year(-1) for a mangrove forest along the Shark River in Everglades National Park. This represents 34-49% of ET for Rookery Bay mangroves, a rather conservative rate of S, and 63-66% of ET for the Shark River mangroves, a less conservative rate of S. However, variability in estimates of S in mangroves is high enough to require additional study on the spatial changes related to forest structural shifts, different tidal regimes, and variable site-specific salinity concentrations in multiple mangrove forests before a true account of water use conservation strategies can be understood at the landscape scale. Evidence does suggest that large, well-developed mangrove forests have the potential to contribute considerably to the ET balance; however, regionally most mangrove forests are much smaller in stature in Florida and likely contribute less to regional water losses through stand-level transpiration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Krauss, Ken W.; Wang, Hongqing] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Barr, Jordan G.] Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Nat Resource Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Engel, Vic] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Fuentes, Jose D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov OI Wang, Hongqing/0000-0002-2977-7732; Barr, Jordan/0000-0002-6460-3463 FU USGS Priority Ecosystems Program; NPS Critical Ecosystems Initiative (CESI); USGS Climate and Land Use Change RD Program; USGS Ecosystems Mission Area; National Science Foundation [WSC-0920504] FX We thank Jim L. Chambers, P. Joy Young, Thomas W. Doyle, Robert R. Twilley, Jason K. Sullivan, and Victor H. Rivera-Monroy for critical collaborations at various stages of this research, and Daniel L. McLaughlin and two anonymous referees for providing comments on previous manuscript drafts. This research was supported by the USGS Priority Ecosystems Program, NPS Critical Ecosystems Initiative (CESI), USGS Climate and Land Use Change R&D Program, and USGS Ecosystems Mission Area. The National Science Foundation provided support for the analyses associated with the Shark River flux tower data set (award WSC-0920504). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 213 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.014 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR3TG UT WOS:000361255400028 ER PT J AU Tangen, BA Finocchiaro, RG Gleason, RA AF Tangen, Brian A. Finocchiaro, Raymond G. Gleason, Robert A. TI Effects of land use on greenhouse gas fluxes and soil properties of wetland catchments in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Agricultural drainage; Carbon sequestration; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Water-filled pore space; Wetland restoration ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; METHANE EMISSION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; NATURAL WETLANDS; GRASSLAND SOILS; MANAGEMENT; BALANCE AB Wetland restoration has been suggested as policy goal with multiple environmental benefits including enhancement of atmospheric carbon sequestration. However, there are concerns that increased methane (CH4) emissions associated with restoration may outweigh potential benefits. A comprehensive, 4-year study of 119 wetland catchments was conducted in the Prairie Pothole Region of the north-central U.S. to assess the effects of land use on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and soil properties. Results showed that the effects of land use on GHG fluxes and abiotic soil properties differed with respect to catchment zone (upland, wetland), wetland classification, geographic location, and year. Mean CH4 fluxes from the uplands were predictably low (<0.02 g CH4 m(-2) day(-1)), while wetland zone CH4 fluxes were much greater (<0.001-3.9 g CH4 m(-2) day(-1)). Mean cumulative seasonal CH4 fluxes ranged from roughly 0-650 g CH4 m(-2), with an overall mean of approximately 160 g CH4 m(-2). These maximum cumulative CH4 fluxes were nearly 3 times as high as previously reported in North America. The overall magnitude and variability of N2O fluxes from this study (<0.0001-0.0023 g N2O m(-2) day(-1)) were comparable to previously reported values. Results suggest that soil organic carbon is lost when relatively undisturbed catchments are converted for agriculture, and that when non-drained cropland catchments are restored, CH4 fluxes generally are not different than the pre-restoration baseline. Conversely, when drained cropland catchments are restored, CH4 fluxes are noticeably higher. Consequently, it is important to consider the type of wetland restoration (drained, non-drained) when assessing restoration benefits. Results also suggest that elevated N2O fluxes from cropland catchments likely would be reduced through restoration. The overall variability demonstrated by this study was consistent with findings of other wetland investigations and underscores the difficulty in quantifying the GHG balance of wetland systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tangen, Brian A.; Finocchiaro, Raymond G.; Gleason, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Tangen, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM btangen@usgs.gov; rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov; rgleason@usgs.gov OI Tangen, Brian/0000-0001-5157-9882 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency; Natural Resources Conservation Service; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change RD Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency and Natural Resources Conservation Service and the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change R&D Program. For their assistance and cooperation we thank personnel from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, and the many landowners in Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota who granted access to private lands. We thank Charles Dahl for managing field work, the numerous people who participated in data collection throughout the study, Bryant Browne for his insight on gas collection, Deb Buhl, Betty Euliss, and Cali Roth. We also thank Zhiliang Zhu, Jinxun Liu, and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments and suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 122 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 533 BP 391 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.148 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CQ0LV UT WOS:000360288300043 PM 26172606 ER PT J AU Koven, CD Schuur, EAG Schadel, C Bohn, TJ Burke, EJ Chen, G Chen, X Ciais, P Grosse, G Harden, JW Hayes, DJ Hugelius, G Jafarov, EE Krinner, G Kuhry, P Lawrence, DM MacDougall, AH Marchenko, SS McGuire, AD Natali, SM Nicolsky, DJ Olefeldt, D Peng, S Romanovsky, VE Schaefer, KM Strauss, J Treat, CC Turetsky, M AF Koven, C. D. Schuur, E. A. G. Schaedel, C. Bohn, T. J. Burke, E. J. Chen, G. Chen, X. Ciais, P. Grosse, G. Harden, J. W. Hayes, D. J. Hugelius, G. Jafarov, E. E. Krinner, G. Kuhry, P. Lawrence, D. M. MacDougall, A. H. Marchenko, S. S. McGuire, A. D. Natali, S. M. Nicolsky, D. J. Olefeldt, D. Peng, S. Romanovsky, V. E. Schaefer, K. M. Strauss, J. Treat, C. C. Turetsky, M. TI A simplified, data-constrained approach to estimate the permafrost carbon-climate feedback SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE permafrost; climate change; carbon-climate feedbacks; methane ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; MODEL; FLUXES; CYCLE; DECOMPOSITION; DEPOSITS; QUALITY; SIBERIA; SYSTEM AB We present an approach to estimate the feedback from large-scale thawing of permafrost soils using a simplified, data-constrained model that combines three elements: soil carbon (C) maps and profiles to identify the distribution and type of C in permafrost soils; incubation experiments to quantify the rates of C lost after thaw; and models of soil thermal dynamics in response to climate warming. We call the approach the Permafrost Carbon Network Incubation-Panarctic Thermal scaling approach (PInc-PanTher). The approach assumes that C stocks do not decompose at all when frozen, but once thawed follow set decomposition trajectories as a function of soil temperature. The trajectories are determined according to a three-pool decomposition model fitted to incubation data using parameters specific to soil horizon types. We calculate litterfall C inputs required to maintain steady-state C balance for the current climate, and hold those inputs constant. Soil temperatures are taken from the soil thermal modules of ecosystem model simulations forced by a common set of future climate change anomalies under two warming scenarios over the period 2010 to 2100. Under a medium warming scenario (RCP4.5), the approach projects permafrost soil C losses of 12.2-33.4 Pg C; under a high warming scenario (RCP8.5), the approach projects C losses of 27.9-112.6 Pg C. Projected C losses are roughly linearly proportional to global temperature changes across the two scenarios. These results indicate a global sensitivity of frozen soil C to climate change (gamma sensitivity) of -14 to -19 PgC degrees C-1 on a 100 year time scale. For CH4 emissions, our approach assumes a fixed saturated area and that increases in CH4 emissions are related to increased heterotrophic respiration in anoxic soil, yielding CH4 emission increases of 7% and 35% for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, which add an additional greenhouse gas forcing of approximately 10-18%. The simplified approach presented here neglects many important processes that may amplify or mitigate C release from permafrost soils, but serves as a data-constrained estimate on the forced, large-scale permafrost C response to warming. C1 [Koven, C. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schuur, E. A. G.; Schaedel, C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bohn, T. J.; Chen, X.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bohn, T. J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Burke, E. J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chen, G.; Hayes, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ciais, P.; Peng, S.] LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Grosse, G.; Strauss, J.] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Periglacial Res Unit, Potsdam, Germany. [Harden, J. W.; Treat, C. C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hugelius, G.; Kuhry, P.] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jafarov, E. E.; Schaefer, K. M.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Krinner, G.; Peng, S.] CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Krinner, G.; Peng, S.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Lawrence, D. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [MacDougall, A. H.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Marchenko, S. S.; Nicolsky, D. J.; Romanovsky, V. E.] Univ Alaska, Geophys Inst, Permafrost Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Natali, S. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Olefeldt, D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Turetsky, M.] Univ Ontario, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada. RP Koven, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cdkoven@lbl.gov RI Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Peng, Shushi/J-4779-2014; Jafarov, Elchin/G-1616-2016; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Krinner, Gerhard/A-6450-2011; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Strauss, Jens/P-6544-2014; OI Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Chen, Xiaodong/0000-0002-3089-2260; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Peng, Shushi/0000-0001-5098-726X; Jafarov, Elchin/0000-0002-8310-3261; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Krinner, Gerhard/0000-0002-2959-5920; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Strauss, Jens/0000-0003-4678-4982; Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178 FU Office of Science (OS), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE OS BER; National Science Foundation (NSF) Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network [955713]; NSF Research, Synthesis and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change [1331083]; DOE OS BER-TES program [DE-SC0006982]; European Community [238366]; NSF [ARC-1048997, ARC-1048987, ARC-1304823, 1312402, 1216037]; DOE [DE-FC03-97ER62402/A010]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310063]; NASA [NNX10AR63G, NNH10ZDA001N]; ERC [338335]; Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association [ERC-0013]; DOE BER [3ERKP818]; US Geological Survey FX C.D.K. acknowledges support by the Director, Office of Science (OS), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Regional and Global Climate Modeling and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Programs. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project is supported by the DOE OS BER. Initial funding for the Permafrost Carbon Network was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network grant no. 955713, with continued support from the NSF Research, Synthesis and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change grant no. 1331083. E.A.G.S. and C.S. acknowledge DOE OS BER-TES program DE-SC0006982. This work was partially funded by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 238366. D.M.L. acknowledges NSF grants ARC-1048997 and ARC-1048987 and DOE cooperative agreement DE-FC03-97ER62402/A010. K.M.S. acknowledges NOAA grant no. NA09OAR4310063 and NASA grant no. NNX10AR63G. C.C.T. acknowledges NSF grant no. ARC-1304823. A.H.M.D. acknowledges NSERC CGS and NSERC CREATE. G.G. and J.S. acknowledge ERC grant no. 338335 and the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association (ERC-0013). D.J.H. and G.C. acknowledge support from the DOE BER grant no. 3ERKP818. S.M.N. acknowledges NSF grant 1312402. G.H. and P.K. acknowledge the EU PAGE21 and the Nordic Centres of Excellence DEFROST. E.J.B. acknowledges PAGE21 (282700) and MOHCCP (GA01101). T.J.B. acknowledges NSF grant 1216037. X.C. acknowledges NASA grant no. NNH10ZDA001N. J.W.H. and A.D.M. acknowledge support from the US Geological Survey. NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 27 U2 62 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD NOV 13 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 2054 AR 20140423 DI 10.1098/rsta.2014.0423 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY2XC UT WOS:000366270500006 PM 26438276 ER PT J AU Harris, G Sanderson, JG Erz, J Lehnen, SE Butler, MJ AF Harris, Grant Sanderson, James G. Erz, Jon Lehnen, Sarah E. Butler, Matthew J. TI Weather and Prey Predict Mammals' Visitation to Water SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SOUTH-AFRICA; NEW-MEXICO; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; FOOD-HABITS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; MULE DEER; WILDLIFE; SAVANNA AB Throughout many arid lands of Africa, Australia and the United States, wildlife agencies provide water year-round for increasing game populations and enhancing biodiversity, despite concerns that water provisioning may favor species more dependent on water, increase predation, and reduce biodiversity. In part, understanding the effects of water provisioning requires identifying why and when animals visit water. Employing this information, by matching water provisioning with use by target species, could assist wildlife management objectives while mitigating unintended consequences of year-round watering regimes. Therefore, we examined if weather variables (maximum temperature, relative humidity [RH], vapor pressure deficit [VPD], long and short-term precipitation) and predator-prey relationships (i.e., prey presence) predicted water visitation by 9 mammals. We modeled visitation as recorded by trail cameras at Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA (June 2009 to September 2014) using generalized linear modeling. For 3 native ungulates, elk (Cervus Canadensis), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), less long-term precipitation and higher maximum temperatures increased visitation, including RH for mule deer. Less long-term precipitation and higher VPD increased oryx (Oryx gazella) and desert cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus audubonii) visitation. Long-term precipitation, with RH or VPD, predicted visitation for black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus). Standardized model coefficients demonstrated that the amount of long-term precipitation influenced herbivore visitation most. Weather (especially maximum temperature) and prey (cottontails and jackrabbits) predicted bobcat (Lynx rufus) visitation. Mule deer visitation had the largest influence on coyote (Canis latrans) visitation. Puma (Puma concolor) visitation was solely predicted by prey visitation (elk, mule deer, oryx). Most ungulate visitation peaked during May and June. Coyote, elk and puma visitation was relatively consistent throughout the year. Within the diel-period, activity patterns for predators corresponded with prey. Year-round water management may favor species with consistent use throughout the year, and facilitate predation. Providing water only during periods of high use by target species may moderate unwanted biological costs. C1 [Harris, Grant; Lehnen, Sarah E.; Butler, Matthew J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Sanderson, James G.] Small Wild Cat Conservat Fdn, Corrales, NM USA. [Erz, Jon] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sevilleta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Socorro, NM USA. RP Harris, G (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM grant_harris@fws.gov FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding was supplied by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0141355 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141355 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV7DR UT WOS:000364433100033 PM 26560518 ER PT J AU Starratt, SW St-Jacques, JM AF Starratt, Scott W. St-Jacques, Jeannine-Marie TI Introduction to the proceedings of the 26th Pacific climate workshop SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material CT 26TH PACIFIC CLIMATE WORKSHOP (PACLIM) CY MAR 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE PACLIM; Pacific climate C1 [Starratt, Scott W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [St-Jacques, Jeannine-Marie] Univ Regina, Prairie Adaptat Res Collaborat, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. RP Starratt, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sstarrat@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 387 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.035 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CV8LR UT WOS:000364539500001 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Bukry, D Hendy, IL AF Barron, John A. Bukry, David Hendy, Ingrid L. TI High-resolution paleoclimatology of the Santa Barbara Basin during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and early Little Ice Age based on diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages in Kasten core SPR0901-02KC SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26TH PACIFIC CLIMATE WORKSHOP (PACLIM) CY MAR 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE Diatom; Silicoflagellate; Medieval Warm; Little Ice Age; Santa Barbara Basin; Upwelling ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTH PACIFIC; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; GUAYMAS BASIN; DROUGHT; PHYTOPLANKTON; OSCILLATION AB Diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages documented in a high-resolution time series spanning 800 to 1600 (AD) in varved sediment recovered in Kasten core SPR0901-02KC (34 degrees 16.845' N, 120 degrees 02.332' W, water depth 588 m) from the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) reveal that SBB surface water conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the early part of the Little Ice Age (LIA) were not extreme by modern standards, mostly falling within one standard deviation of mean conditions during the pre anthropogenic interval of 1748-1900. No clear differences between the character of MCA and the early LIA conditions are apparent. During intervals of extreme droughts identified by terrigenous proxy scanning XRF analyses, diatom and silicoflagellate proxies for coastal upwelling typically exceed one standard deviation above mean values for 1748-1900, supporting the hypothesis that droughts in southern California are associated with cooler (or La Nina-like) sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Increased percentages of diatoms transported downslope generally coincide with intervals of increased siliciclastic flux to the SBB identified by scanning XRF analyses. Diatom assemblages suggest only two intervals of the MCA (at similar to 897 to 922 and similar to 1151-1167) when proxy SSTs exceeded one standard deviation above mean values for 1748 to 1900. Conversely, silicoflagellates imply extreme warm water events only at similar to 830 to 860 (early MCA) and similar to 1360 to 1370 (early LIA) that are not supported by the diatom data. Silicoflagellates appear to be more suitable for characterizing average climate during the 5 to 11 year-long sample intervals studied in the SPR0901-02KC core than diatoms, probably because diatom relative abundances may be dominated by seasonal blooms of a particular year. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Barron, John A.; Bukry, David] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hendy, Ingrid L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Climate Sect, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbarron@usgs.gov; dbukry@usgs.gov; ihendy@umich.edu OI hendy, Ingrid/0000-0001-8305-6752 FU NSF [OCE-0752093] FX We thank Mary McGann and two anonymous reviewers for Quaternary International for their reviews and useful comments. Scott Starratt, the PACLIM Proceedings editor, is also acknowledged for his handling of this manuscript. Appreciation is due to Jason Addison for his advice on statistical treatment of the data. Holly Olson and Jennifer Kusler are thanked for processing the samples. The scanning XRF and radiocarbon research was funded by NSF grant OCE-0752093 to ILH. ILH thanks Erik Brown, the LacCore staff, and the crew of the R/V Robert Gordon Sproul. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 387 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.04.020 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CV8LR UT WOS:000364539500003 ER PT J AU Heusser, LE Hendy, IL Barron, JA AF Heusser, Linda E. Hendy, Ingrid L. Barron, John A. TI Vegetation response to southern California drought during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and early Little Ice Age (AD 800-1600) SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26TH PACIFIC CLIMATE WORKSHOP (PACLIM) CY MAR 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE Medieval warm; Little Ice Age; Santa Barbara Basin; Pollen; Drought; Upwelling ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; POLLEN TRANSPORT; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; UNITED-STATES; LAKE ELSINORE; ROSA-ISLAND; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY AB High-resolution studies of pollen in laminated sediments deposited in Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) core SPR0901-02KC reflect decadal-scale fluctuations in precipitation spanning the interval from AD 800-1600. From AD 800-1090 during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) SBB sediments were dominated by xeric vegetation types (drought-resistant coastal sagebrush and chaparral) implying reduced precipitation in the southern California region. Drought-adapted vegetation abruptly decreased at AD 1090 and was rapidly replaced by mesic oak (Quercus) woodlands associated with an increased pollen flux into the basin. After a mesic interval lasting similar to 100 years, pollen flux and the relative abundance of Quercus pollen dropped abruptly at AD 1200 when the rapid rise of chaparral suggests a significant drought similar to that of the MCA (similar to AD 800-1090). This brief resurgence of drought-adapted vegetation between AD 1200-1270 marked the end of the MCA droughts. A gradual increase in mesic vegetation followed, characterizing cool hydroclimates of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in coastal southern California. The presence of xeric vegetation in SBB coincides with major drought events recorded in tree rings and low lake levels elsewhere in California except for the brief drought between AD 1130-1160. Correlative diatom and terrigenous sediment input proxy records from SBB are largely supportive of the pollen record predominantly linking the MCA with drought and La Nina-like conditions and the LIA with wetter (more El Nino-like) conditions. Differences between paleoclimate proxies (pollen, diatoms, and terrigenous sediment) in SBB exist, however, possibly reflecting the temporal and spatial differences in the generation of each proxy record, as well as their individual sensitivity to climate change. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Heusser, Linda E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10962 USA. [Hendy, Ingrid L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Barron, John A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hendy, IL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM heusser@ldeo.columbia.edu; ihendy@umich.edu; jbarron@usgs.gov OI hendy, Ingrid/0000-0001-8305-6752 FU NSF [OCE-0752093]; Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Climate Center [4-30802] FX We would like to acknowledge Robert Thunell for providing sediment trap material, the crew of the R/V Robert Gordon Sproul for assistance in collecting core material, and the Climate and Land Use, Research & Development Program, USGS. We appreciate the time and thoughtfulness of our editors (Norm Catto, Jeannine St. Jacques, and Scott Starratt) and two anonymous reviewers for Quaternary International. This research was funded by NSF grants OCE-0752093 to ILH and by Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Climate Center grant 4-30802 to LEH. This is Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Contribution 7832. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 387 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.032 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CV8LR UT WOS:000364539500004 ER PT J AU McGann, M AF McGann, Mary TI Late Quaternary pollen record from the central California continental margin SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26TH PACIFIC CLIMATE WORKSHOP (PACLIM) CY MAR 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE Marine pollen; Climate; Central California; Late Quaternary; Middle Holocene dry period; Medieval Climate Anomaly ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CENTRAL COASTAL CALIFORNIA; LATE HOLOCENE SALINITY; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; NEOGLOBOQUADRINA-PACHYDERMA; UNITED-STATES; FIRE HISTORY; GREAT-BASIN; POSTGLACIAL VEGETATION; CLIMATE OSCILLATIONS AB A pollen record obtained from a deep-sea core from the continental margin off central California contains evidence of the terrestrial floral adaptation to changing climatic conditions over the last ca. 20,000 cal BP. The pollen record is divided into three pollen zones, two of which are late Pleistocene in age (Glacial and Transitional) and the third is Holocene (Interglacial). The Glacial Pollen Zone (ca. 20,000-17,000 cal BP) is characterized by Pinus and Abies pollen, reflecting environmental conditions during the last glacial maximum. Overlying this (ca. 17,000-11,600 cal BP) is the Transitional Pollen Zone containing a pollen assemblage indicative of a transitional climatic regime, with species that reflect more arid environmental conditions (Pinus and Artemisia) decreasing in abundance and those reflecting moister conditions (Sequoia and Alnus) rising in abundance. Pediastrum and dinoflagellates are common and are attributable to increased nutrient-rich coastal runoff. The BollingeAllerod (295-256 cm; ca. 14,600-12,900 BP) and Younger Dryas (256-243 cm; ca. 12,900 -11,600 BP) events occur within the Transitional Pollen Zone as well. The Interglacial Pollen Zone (ca. 11,600 cal BP to present) is characterized by decreasing Pinus and increasing Sequoia, Quercus, and Asteraceae, reflecting changes in vegetation during the climatic warming of the Holocene. Two brief dry periods are represented in this pollen zone, one from 150 to 125 cm (ca. 8000-6400 cal BP) and the other at 22-20 cm (ca. 800-700 cal BP). They are correlated with the middle Holocene dry period and the Medieval Climate Anomaly, respectively. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGann, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmcgann@usgs.gov NR 106 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 387 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.038 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CV8LR UT WOS:000364539500006 ER EF