FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Li, XS Boyle, KJ Holmes, TP LaRouche, GP AF Li, Xiaoshu Boyle, Kevin J. Holmes, Thomas P. LaRouche, Genevieve Pullis TI The effect of on-site forest experience on stated preferences for low-impact timber harvesting programs SO JOURNAL OF FOREST ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Stated preferences; On-site experience; Low impact forest management; Bootstrap ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; INFORMATION; MODELS; QUALITY; VALUES; LOGIT AB An important issue in the design of stated-preference surveys is whether the information provided to respondents within a survey instrument is adequate to yield valid value estimates. Providing respondents with on-site experience about forest ecosystem management alternatives may influence their expectation of the effects from new policies and programs. In the research reported here, we investigate whether preference parameters for attributes of low-impact timber harvesting programs differ between respondents to a mail survey versus respondents provided with an on-site forest experience (walk through a research forest). The empirical analysis in our application shows that stated preferences for timber harvesting attributes are not statistically different between the mail and on-site applications of the survey, and this result is robust to pretest (before experience) and post-test (post experience) applications. (C) 2014 Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Xiaoshu; Boyle, Kevin J.] Virginia Tech, Agr & Appl Econ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Holmes, Thomas P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Southern Res Stn Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [LaRouche, Genevieve Pullis] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Li, XS (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, 214 Thomas Poe Cooper Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM xiaoshu@vt.edu; kjboyle@vt.edu; tholmes@fs.fed.us; LaRouche@fws.gov OI Boyle, Kevin/0000-0001-6538-1471 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1104-6899 EI 1618-1530 J9 J FOREST ECON JI J. For. Econ. PY 2014 VL 20 IS 4 BP 348 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.jfe.2014.09.005 PG 15 WC Economics; Forestry SC Business & Economics; Forestry GA AY6DD UT WOS:000347656800003 ER PT J AU Chan, WS Mah, ML Voight, DE Fitzpatrick, JJ Talghader, JJ AF Chan, Wing S. Mah, Merlin L. Voight, Donald E. Fitzpatrick, Joan J. Talghader, Joseph J. TI Instruments and Methods Crystal orientation measurements using transmission and backscattering SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glaciological instruments and methods; ice core; ice crystal studies; ice physics ID FABRIC ANALYZER; ICE AB A method has been devised and tested for measuring the c-axis orientation of crystal grains in thin sections of glacier ice. The crystal orientation and grain size of ice are of great interest to glaciologists since these parameters contain information on the prior thermal and flow history of the ice. The traditional method of determining c-axis orientation involves a transmission measurement through an ice sample, a process that is time-consuming and therefore impractical for obtaining a continuous record. A reflection- or backscatter-based method could potentially be used inside boreholes, with bubbles as reflectors to avoid such drawbacks. The concept demonstration of this paper is performed on ice slices, enabling a direct comparison of accuracy with traditional methods. Measurements of the crystal orientations (phi, theta) in 11 grains showed an average error of +/- 0.8 degrees in phi, with no grain error >1.4 degrees Measurements of theta showed an average error of +/- 8.2 degrees on ten grains, with unexplained disagreement on the remaining grain. Although the technique is applied specifically to glacier ice, it should be generally applicable to any transparent birefringent polycrystalline material. C1 [Chan, Wing S.; Mah, Merlin L.; Talghader, Joseph J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Voight, Donald E.] Penn State Univ, Coll Earth & Mineral Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Joan J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Chan, WS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect Engn, 200 Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM joey@umn.edu FU US National Science Foundation Antarctic Sciences [1142010] FX This work is supported by US National Science Foundation Antarctic Sciences grant 1142010 under Julie Palais. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2014 VL 60 IS 224 BP 1135 EP 1139 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AZ5QM UT WOS:000348275000012 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, JJ Voigt, DE Fegyveresi, JM Stevens, NT Spencer, MK Cole-Dai, J Alley, RB Jardine, GE Cravens, ED Wilen, LA Fudge, TJ Mcconnell, JR AF Fitzpatrick, Joan J. Voigt, Donald E. Fegyveresi, John M. Stevens, Nathan T. Spencer, Matthew K. Cole-Dai, Jihong Alley, Richard B. Jardine, Gabriella E. Cravens, Eric D. Wilen, Lawrence A. Fudge, T. J. Mcconnell, Joseph R. TI Physical properties of the WAIS Divide ice core SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antarctic glaciology; ice core; ice crystal studies; paleoclimate; recrystallization ID PARALLEL SUBGRAIN BOUNDARIES; LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; C-AXIS FABRICS; WEST ANTARCTICA; GRAIN-GROWTH; SIPLE-DOME; POLAR ICE; MICROSTRUCTURAL GEOTHERMOBAROMETER; VOSTOK STATION; CRYSTAL SIZE AB The WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) Divide deep ice core was recently completed to a total depth of 3405 m, ending similar to 50 m above the bed. Investigation of the visual stratigraphy and grain characteristics indicates that the ice column at the drilling location is undisturbed by any large-scale overturning or discontinuity. The climate record developed from this core is therefore likely to be continuous and robust. Measured grain-growth rates, recrystallization characteristics, and grain-size response at climate transitions fit within current understanding. Significant impurity control on grain size is indicated from correlation analysis between impurity loading and grain size. Bubble-number densities and bubble sizes and shapes are presented through the full extent of the bubbly ice. Where bubble elongation is observed, the direction of elongation is preferentially parallel to the trace of the basal (0001) plane. Preferred crystallographic orientation of grains is present in the shallowest samples measured, and increases with depth, progressing to a vertical-girdle pattern that tightens to a vertical single-maximum fabric. This single-maximum fabric switches into multiple maxima as the grain size increases rapidly in the deepest, warmest ice. A strong dependence of the fabric on the impurity-mediated grain size is apparent in the deepest samples. C1 [Fitzpatrick, Joan J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Voigt, Donald E.; Fegyveresi, John M.; Stevens, Nathan T.; Alley, Richard B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Spencer, Matthew K.] Lake Super State Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Sault Sainte Marie, MI USA. [Cole-Dai, Jihong] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Jardine, Gabriella E.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. [Cravens, Eric D.] ADC Management Serv, Denver, CO USA. [Wilen, Lawrence A.] Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, New Haven, CT USA. [Fudge, T. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mcconnell, Joseph R.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jfitz@usgs.gov RI Cole-Dai, Jihong/B-2510-2009 FU US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; US National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs [0539578, 1043528, 1043313, 0839093, 1142166] FX We acknowledge the following funding sources for support of this work: US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; US National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs grants 0539578, 1043528, 1043313, 0839093 and 1142166. We also acknowledge the staff of the US National Ice Core Laboratory in Denver, Colorado; the WAIS Divide Science Coordination Office at the University of New Hampshire; and most especially the Ice Drilling Design and Operations group at the University of Wisconsin whose phenomenal success in designing and operating the new deep ice-sheet coring (DISC) drill has reinvigorated US deep ice-coring efforts. We thank numerous colleagues in the WAIS Divide project. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 91 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2014 VL 60 IS 224 BP 1181 EP 1198 DI 10.3189/2014JoG14J100 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AZ5QM UT WOS:000348275000016 ER PT J AU Granato, GE Jones, SC AF Granato, Gregory E. Jones, Susan Cheung TI Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model for Analysis of Flows, Concentrations, and Loads of Highway Runoff Constituents SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB In cooperation with FHWA, the U.S. Geological Survey developed the stochastic empirical loading and dilution model (SELDM) to supersede the 1990 FHWA runoff quality model. The SELDM tool is designed to transform disparate and complex scientific data into meaningful information about the adverse risks of runoff on receiving waters, the potential need for mitigation measures, and the potential effectiveness of such measures for reducing such risks. The SELDM tool is easy to use because much of the information and data needed to run it are embedded in the model and obtained by defining the site location and five simple basin properties. Information and data from thousands of sites across the country were compiled to facilitate the use of the SELDM tool. A case study illustrates how to use the SELDM tool for conducting the types of sensitivity analyses needed to properly assess water quality risks. For example, the use of deterministic values to model upstream stormflows instead of representative variations in prestorm flow and runoff may substantially overestimate the proportion of highway runoff in downstream flows. Also, the risks for total phosphorus excursions are substantially affected by the selected criteria and the modeling methods used. For example, if a single deterministic concentration is used rather than a stochastic population of values to model upstream concentrations, then the percentage of water quality excursions in the downstream receiving waters may depend entirely on the selected upstream concentration. C1 [Granato, Gregory E.] US Geol Survey, New England Sci Ctr, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Jones, Susan Cheung] FHWA, Project Mitigat Team, Off Project Dev & Environm Review, Washington, DC 20590 USA. RP Granato, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New England Sci Ctr, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM ggranato@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2014 IS 2436 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.3141/2436-14 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA AY6JD UT WOS:000347671800015 ER PT J AU Berry, KH Lyren, LM Yee, JL Bailey, TY AF Berry, Kristin H. Lyren, Lisa M. Yee, Julie L. Bailey, Tracy Y. TI PROTECTION BENEFITS DESERT TORTOISE (GOPHERUS AGASSIZII) ABUNDANCE: THE INFLUENCE OF THREE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON A THREATENED SPECIES SO HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area; Fence; Land use legacy; Mojave Desert; Protected areas; Sheep grazing; Vehicles ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; MYCOPLASMA-AGASSIZII; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NATURAL FOODS; POPULATION; PLANTS; USA; DIGESTIBILITY AB We surveyed an area of,260 km 2 in the western Mojave Desert to evaluate relationships between condition of Agassiz's Desert Tortoise populations (Gopherus agassizii) and habitat on lands that have experienced three different levels of management and protection. We established 240 1-ha plots using random sampling, with 80 plots on each of the three types of managed lands. We conducted surveys in spring 2011 and collected data on live tortoises, shell-skeletal remains, other signs of tortoises, perennial vegetation, predators, and evidence of human use. Throughout the study area and regardless of management area, tortoise abundance was positively associated with one of the more diverse associations of perennial vegetation. The management area with the longest history of protection, a fence, and legal exclusion of livestock and vehicles had significantly more live tortoises and lower death rates than the other two areas. Tortoise presence and abundance in this protected area had no significant positive or negative associations with predators or human-related impacts. In contrast, the management area with a more recent exclusion of livestock, limited vehicular traffic, and with a recent, partial fence had lower tortoise densities and high death rates. Tortoise abundance here was negatively associated with vehicle tracks and positively associated with mammalian predators and debris from firearms. The management area with the least protection-unfenced, with uncontrolled vehicle use, sheep grazing, and high trash counts-also had low tortoise densities and high death rates. Tortoise abundance was negatively associated with sheep grazing and positively associated with trash and mammalian predator scat. C1 [Berry, Kristin H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Lyren, Lisa M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Yee, Julie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Bailey, Tracy Y.] 619 Pinon Court, Ridgecrest, CA 93555 USA. RP Berry, KH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 21803 Cactus Ave,Suite F, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. EM kristin_berry@usgs.gov FU Off- Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division of the California Department of Parks and Recreation to the Bureau of Land Management; US Geological Survey FX We thank K. Anderson, C. Bedwell, J. Boswell, S. Hanner, C. Hatton, A. Keller, S. Moore, and A. Spenceley for fieldwork. A. Emerson Coble contributed to project design and S. Ellis and C. Woods assisted in locating historical plans. C. Darst, M. Harvey, S. Schwarzbach, J. Weigand, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. We thank the Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee, Inc., M. Kotschwar Logan, and J.Y. Lee for locations of and access to private lands. Funding was provided by the Off- Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division of the California Department of Parks and Recreation to the Bureau of Land Management and US Geological Survey. K.H.B. held permits for handling tortoises from the California Department of Fish and Game (801063-04, SC-003623) and USFWS (TE-006556-16) under US Geologicial Survey-approved animal care and use protocols. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 97 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 33 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0733-1347 EI 1938-5137 J9 HERPETOL MONOGR JI Herpetol. Monogr. PY 2014 VL 28 BP 66 EP 92 DI 10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-14-00002 PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AX7HJ UT WOS:000347087000004 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE Ernst, CH Ernst, EM Riley, JL AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. Ernst, Carl H. Ernst, Evelyn M. Riley, Julia L. TI A 21-YEAR STUDY OF SEASONAL AND INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION OF HATCHLING EMERGENCE IN A NEARCTIC FRESHWATER TURTLE COMMUNITY: TO OVERWINTER OR NOT TO OVERWINTER? SO HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Delayed emergence; Early emergence; Environmental determinants; Hatching; Nest; Overwintering; Turtles ID EASTERN BOX TURTLE; TERRAPENE-CAROLINA-CAROLINA; LIFE-HISTORY STAGE; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; SNAPPING TURTLES; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; PAINTED TURTLES; NESTING ECOLOGY; DELAYED EMERGENCE; BODY-SIZE AB Hatchling emergence patterns were studied in a community of six species of freshwater turtles in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, USA, including: Chelydra serpentina, Chrysemys picta, Clemmys guttata, Glyptemys insculpta, Glyptemys muhlenbergii, and Sternotherus odoratus. Data were collected every year from 1965-1985 on estimated date of emergence, carapace length, April-May precipitation, August-September precipitation, annual precipitation, and low temperature and occurrence of precipitation during the 24 h prior to the time of each hatchling detection (n = 806). Chelydra serpentina, Ch. picta, and Cl. guttata hatchlings have a facultative delayed emergence strategy. The other species (G. insculpta, G. muhlenbergii, and S. odoratus) appear to be obligate early emergers, with the exception of one hatchling G. muhlenbergii that delayed emergence. Early emergence occurred in some species every year. However, the majority of hatchlings delayed emergence until the year following oviposition, except in 1973, the year following intense flooding and nest destruction associated with a major hurricane. Mean estimated calendar day of emergence varied annually in C. serpentina and Ch. picta. The same variable also differed among species for comparisons of both early and delayed emergence. Chelydra serpentina hatchlings emerged earlier than all other species whether they used an early or delayed strategy. Carapace length of Ch. picta hatchlings varied significantly among years, and C. serpentina hatchlings that delayed emergence were significantly larger in carapace length than those that emerged early. Seasonal and previous 24-h precipitation had varying effects on the number of emerging hatchlings, but August-September precipitation in one year had a strong correlation with the number of hatchlings that delayed emergence until the following spring. The number of hatchlings detected peaked at a previous 24-h air temperature of about 12 degrees C for both early and late emergence. Small species like G. muhlenbergii and S. odoratus may emerge early to limit potential hatchling competition in diverse communities of freshwater turtles with primarily delayed emergence. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ernst, Carl H.; Ernst, Evelyn M.] Smithsonian Inst, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Riley, Julia L.] Laurentian Univ, Dept Biol, Sudbury, ON P3E 3V8, Canada. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr,MS-9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831; Riley, Julia/0000-0001-7691-6910 NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 26 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0733-1347 EI 1938-5137 J9 HERPETOL MONOGR JI Herpetol. Monogr. PY 2014 VL 28 BP 93 EP 109 DI 10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-14-00001 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AX7HJ UT WOS:000347087000005 ER PT J AU Funk, C Hoell, A Shukla, S Blade, I Liebmann, B Roberts, JB Robertson, FR Husak, G AF Funk, C. Hoell, A. Shukla, S. Blade, I. Liebmann, B. Roberts, J. B. Robertson, F. R. Husak, G. TI Predicting East African spring droughts using Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature indices SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREATER HORN; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; PREDICTABILITY; OSCILLATION; SIGNALS; SEASONS; MODELS; TRENDS AB In eastern East Africa (the southern Ethiopia, eastern Kenya and southern Somalia region), poor boreal spring (long wet season) rains in 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2011 contributed to severe food insecurity and high levels of malnutrition. Predicting rainfall deficits in this region on seasonal and decadal time frames can help decision makers implement disaster risk reduction measures while guiding climate-smart adaptation and agricultural development. Building on recent research that links more frequent East African droughts to a stronger Walker circulation, resulting from warming in the Indo-Pacific warm pool and an increased east-to-west sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the western Pacific, we show that the two dominant modes of East African boreal spring rainfall variability are tied to SST fluctuations in the western central Pacific and central Indian Ocean, respectively. Variations in these two rainfall modes can thus be predicted using two SST indices - the western Pacific gradient (WPG) and central Indian Ocean index (CIO), with our statistical forecasts exhibiting reasonable cross-validated skill (r(cv) approximate to 0.6). In contrast, the current generation of coupled forecast models show no skill during the long rains. Our SST indices also appear to capture most of the major recent drought events such as 2000, 2009 and 2011. Predictions based on these simple indices can be used to support regional forecasting efforts and land surface data assimilations to help inform early warning and guide climate outlooks. C1 [Funk, C.] US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93441 USA. [Funk, C.; Hoell, A.; Shukla, S.; Husak, G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara Geog, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Blade, I.] Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Blade, I.] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Barcelona, Spain. [Liebmann, B.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liebmann, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Roberts, J. B.; Robertson, F. R.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Funk, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93441 USA. EM chris@geog.ucsb.edu FU USAID Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET); NASA SERVIR; NASA [NNH12ZDA001N]; NOAA [NA11OAR4310151] FX This research was supported by the USAID Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), NASA SERVIR, the NASA NNH12ZDA001N IDS project Seasonal Prediction of Hydro-Climatic Extremes in the Greater Horn of Africa Under Evolving Climate Conditions and NOAA Technical Transitions grant NA11OAR4310151. We would like to thank Libby White for her thoughtful comments. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 12 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 12 BP 4965 EP 4978 DI 10.5194/hess-18-4965-2014 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AY0UY UT WOS:000347313600004 ER PT J AU Yeo, IY Lee, S Sadeghi, AM Beeson, PC Hively, WD McCarty, GW Lang, MW AF Yeo, I. -Y. Lee, S. Sadeghi, A. M. Beeson, P. C. Hively, W. D. McCarty, G. W. Lang, M. W. TI Assessing winter cover crop nutrient uptake efficiency using a water quality simulation model SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; SWAT MODELS; NITROGEN; EUTROPHICATION; CALIBRATION; SEDIMENT; AGRICULTURE; RESTORATION; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT AB Winter cover crops are an effective conservation management practice with potential to improve water quality. Throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed (CBW), which is located in the mid-Atlantic US, winter cover crop use has been emphasized, and federal and state cost-share programs are available to farmers to subsidize the cost of cover crop establishment. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effect of planting winter cover crops to improve water quality at the watershed scale (similar to 50 km(2)) and to identify critical source areas of high nitrate export. A physically based watershed simulation model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was calibrated and validated using water quality monitoring data to simulate hydrological processes and agricultural nutrient cycling over the period of 1990-2000. To accurately simulate winter cover crop biomass in relation to growing conditions, a new approach was developed to further calibrate plant growth parameters that control the leaf area development curve using multitemporal satellite-based measurements of species-specific winter cover crop performance. Multiple SWAT scenarios were developed to obtain baseline information on nitrate loading without winter cover crops and to investigate how nitrate loading could change under different winter cover crop planting scenarios, including different species, planting dates, and implementation areas. The simulation results indicate that winter cover crops have a negligible impact on the water budget but significantly reduce nitrate leaching to groundwater and delivery to the waterways. Without winter cover crops, annual nitrate loading from agricultural lands was approximately 14 kg ha(-1), but decreased to 4.6-10.1 kg ha(-1) with cover crops resulting in a reduction rate of 27-67% at the watershed scale. Rye was the most effective species, with a potential to reduce nitrate leaching by up to 93% with early planting at the field scale. Early planting of cover crops (similar to 30 days of additional growing days) was crucial, as it lowered nitrate export by an additional similar to 2 kg ha(-1) when compared to late planting scenarios. The effectiveness of cover cropping increased with increasing extent of cover crop implementation. Agricultural fields with well-drained soils and those that were more frequently used to grow corn had a higher potential for nitrate leaching and export to the waterways. This study supports the effective implementation of cover crop programs, in part by helping to target critical pollution source areas for cover crop implementation. C1 [Yeo, I. -Y.; Lee, S.; Lang, M. W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sadeghi, A. M.; Beeson, P. C.; McCarty, G. W.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hively, W. D.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Yeo, I. -Y.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. RP Yeo, IY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM iyeo@umd.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land Cover and Land Use Change (LCLUC) Program; University of Maryland Behavioral & Social Sciences (BSOS) Dean's Research Initiative; US Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Program (CLU); US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) FX This research was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land Cover and Land Use Change (LCLUC) Program, 2011 University of Maryland Behavioral & Social Sciences (BSOS) Dean's Research Initiative, US Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Program (CLU), and US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). The suggestion and comments made by the reviewers and the managing editor of the journal greatly improved our manuscript and they were much appreciated. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 12 BP 5239 EP 5253 DI 10.5194/hess-18-5239-2014 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AY0UY UT WOS:000347313600019 ER PT J AU Mahmood, M Blukacz-Richards, EA Baumann, PC McMaster, M Hossain, M Arhonditsis, GB AF Mahmood, Maryam Blukacz-Richards, E. Agnes Baumann, Paul C. McMaster, Mark Hossain, Monir Arhonditsis, George B. TI A Bayesian methodological framework for setting fish tumor occurrence delistinng criteria: A case study in St. Marys River area of concern SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fish tumors; Bayesian inference; De listing criteria; St. Marys River; Areas of Concern ID BENEFICIAL USE IMPAIRMENT; QUALITY STANDARD VIOLATIONS; BROWN BULLHEAD; AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; GREAT-LAKES; BIOMARKERS; MODELS; FREQUENCY; ONTARIO AB Fish tumors and other deformities are a class of Beneficial Use Impairment (BUIs) established by the International Joint Commission to identify Areas of Concern (AOC) in the Great Lakes basin. The St. Marys River has been impaired by fish tumors and other deformities since its designation as an AOC in 1987. In this study, we present a Bayesian modeling framework that is founded upon the explicit consideration of the sampling bias in tumor observations as well as the causal association between important covariates and tumor occurrence. Data from 2009 indicate that fish tumor incidence rates were generally elevated at the Bellevue Marina and Partridge Point exposed locations relative to the Batchawana Bay reference site. Fish age was the single most important covariate of the tumor incidence rates, followed by the fork length, and the liver or gonad weights. Using the Bayesian counterpart of the two one-side tests for equivalence, the exposed site was practically equivalent to the reference location in regards to the neoplasm and pre-neoplasm incidence rates. However, the mean probability of neoplasm incidence was predicted to be lower than 10% in 70% and 95% of the cases in the exposed and reference sites, respectively. The predicted mean pre-neoplasm frequency never fell below 10% in all the samples collected at the exposed site, whereas approximate to 40% of the cases are predicted to fall below the proposed cut-off level in the reference site suggesting that the exposed site may still be impaired. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mahmood, Maryam; Blukacz-Richards, E. Agnes; Hossain, Monir; Arhonditsis, George B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Ecol Modelling Lab, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Baumann, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Blukacz-Richards, E. Agnes; McMaster, Mark] Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Arhonditsis, GB (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Ecol Modelling Lab, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. EM georgea@utsc.utoronto.ca RI Arhonditsis, George/C-6980-2009 FU Ontario Ministry of the Environment FX This project has received funding support from the Ontario Ministry of the Environment. Such support does not indicate endorsement by the ministry of the contents of the study. All the material pertinent to this analysis is available upon request from the corresponding author. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 3 BP 88 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.04.003 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0FY UT WOS:000347274100009 ER PT J AU Carlson, AK Vondracek, B AF Carlson, Andrew K. Vondracek, Bruce TI Synthesis of Ecology and Human Dimensions for Predictive Management of Bighead and Silver Carp in the United States SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE bighead carp; silver carp; United States; Upper Mississippi River System; predictive ecology; predictive management ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX; ASIAN CARP; WATER-QUALITY; STROBE LIGHTS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; INVASIVE CARP; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; SPECIES MANAGEMENT AB Prolific non-native organisms pose serious threats to ecosystems and economies worldwide. Nonnative bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix), collectively referred to as Asian carps, continue to colonize aquatic ecosystems throughout the central United States. These species are r-selected, exhibiting iteroparous spawning, rapid growth, broad environmental tolerance, high density, and long-distance movement. Hydrological, thermal, and physicochemical conditions are favorable for establishment beyond the current range, rendering containment and control imperative. Ecological approaches to confine Asian carp populations and prevent colonization characterize contemporary management in the United States. Foraging and reproduction of Asian carps govern habitat selection and movement, providing valuable insight for predictive control. Current management approaches are progressive and often anticipatory but deficient in human dimensions. We define predictive management of Asian carps as synthesis of ecology and human dimensions at regional and local scales to develop strategies for containment and control. We illustrate predictive management in the Upper Mississippi River System and suggest resource managers integrate predictive models, containment paradigms, and human dimensions to design effective, socially acceptable management strategies. Through continued research, university-agency collaboration, and public engagement, predictive management of Asian carps is an auspicious paradigm for preventing and alleviating consequences of colonization in the United States. C1 [Carlson, Andrew K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Carlson, AK (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, NPBL 138,Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM andrew.carlson@sdstate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; University of Minnesota; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 156 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 48 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2330-8249 EI 2330-8257 J9 REV FISH SCI AQUAC JI Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac.. PY 2014 VL 22 IS 4 BP 284 EP 300 DI 10.1080/23308249.2014.967747 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AX3TR UT WOS:000346862100003 ER PT J AU Russell, MB Woodall, CW D'Amato, AW Fraver, S Bradford, JB AF Russell, M. B. Woodall, C. W. D'Amato, A. W. Fraver, S. Bradford, J. B. TI Technical Note: Linking climate change and downed woody debris decomposition across forests of the eastern United States SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON; RATES; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; BIOMASS; MODEL AB Forest ecosystems play a critical role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Forest carbon (C) is stored through photosynthesis and released via decomposition and combustion. Relative to C fixation in biomass, much less is known about C depletion through decomposition of woody debris, particularly under a changing climate. It is assumed that the increased temperatures and longer growing seasons associated with projected climate change will increase the decomposition rates (i.e., more rapid C cycling) of downed woody debris (DWD); however, the magnitude of this increase has not been previously addressed. Using DWD measurements collected from a national forest inventory of the eastern United States, we show that the residence time of DWD may decrease (i.e., more rapid decomposition) by as much as 13% over the next 200 years, depending on various future climate change scenarios and forest types. Although existing dynamic global vegetation models account for the decomposition process, they typically do not include the effect of a changing climate on DWD decomposition rates. We expect that an increased understanding of decomposition rates, as presented in this current work, will be needed to adequately quantify the fate of woody detritus in future forests. Furthermore, we hope these results will lead to improved models that incorporate climate change scenarios for depicting future dead wood dynamics in addition to a traditional emphasis on live-tree demographics. C1 [Russell, M. B.; D'Amato, A. W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Woodall, C. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Fraver, S.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME USA. [Bradford, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Russell, MB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM russellm@umn.edu FU US Forest Service; Northern Research Station; University of Minnesota, Department of Forest Resources; US Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center FX This work was supported by a joint venture agreement established between the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, and the University of Minnesota, Department of Forest Resources. Additional funding was available from the US Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center. We thank Ben Bond-Lamberty, Sabina Burrascano, Christopher Schwalm, John Stanovick, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that helped to improve this work. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 22 BP 6417 EP 6425 DI 10.5194/bg-11-6417-2014 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW6CJ UT WOS:000346356800018 ER PT J AU Hugelius, G Strauss, J Zubrzycki, S Harden, JW Schuur, EAG Ping, CL Schirrmeister, L Grosse, G Michaelson, GJ Koven, CD O'Donnell, JA Elberling, B Mishra, U Camill, P Yu, Z Palmtag, J Kuhry, P AF Hugelius, G. Strauss, J. Zubrzycki, S. Harden, J. W. Schuur, E. A. G. Ping, C. -L. Schirrmeister, L. Grosse, G. Michaelson, G. J. Koven, C. D. O'Donnell, J. A. Elberling, B. Mishra, U. Camill, P. Yu, Z. Palmtag, J. Kuhry, P. TI Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; ARCTIC ALASKA; RIVER DELTA; REGION; LENA; POOL; VULNERABILITY; FEEDBACKS AB Soils and other unconsolidated deposits in the northern circumpolar permafrost region store large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). This SOC is potentially vulnerable to remobilization following soil warming and permafrost thaw, but SOC stock estimates were poorly constrained and quantitative error estimates were lacking. This study presents revised estimates of permafrost SOC stocks, including quantitative uncertainty estimates, in the 0-3m depth range in soils as well as for sediments deeper than 3m in deltaic deposits of major rivers and in the Yedoma region of Siberia and Alaska. Revised estimates are based on significantly larger databases compared to previous studies. Despite this there is evidence of significant remaining regional data gaps. Estimates remain particularly poorly constrained for soils in the High Arctic region and physiographic regions with thin sedimentary overburden (mountains, highlands and plateaus) as well as for deposits below 3mdepth in deltas and the Yedoma region. While some components of the revised SOC stocks are similar in magnitude to those previously reported for this region, there are substantial differences in other components, including the fraction of perennially frozen SOC. Upscaled based on regional soil maps, estimated permafrost region SOC stocks are 217 +/- 12 and 472 +/- 27 Pg for the 0-0.3 and 0-1 m soil depths, respectively (+/- 95% confidence intervals). Storage of SOC in 0-3m of soils is estimated to 1035 +/- 150 Pg. Of this, 34 +/- 16 PgC is stored in poorly developed soils of the High Arctic. Based on generalized calculations, storage of SOC below 3m of surface soils in deltaic alluvium of major Arctic rivers is estimated as 91 +/- 52 Pg. In the Yedoma region, estimated SOC stocks below 3mdepth are 181 +/- 54 Pg, of which 74 +/- 20 Pg is stored in intact Yedoma (late Pleistocene ice-and organic-rich silty sediments) with the remainder in refrozen thermokarst deposits. Total estimated SOC storage for the permafrost region is similar to 1300 Pg with an uncertainty range of similar to 1100 to 1500 Pg. Of this, similar to 500 Pg is in non-permafrost soils, seasonally thawed in the active layer or in deeper taliks, while similar to 800 Pg is perennially frozen. This represents a substantial similar to 300 Pg lowering of the estimated perennially frozen SOC stock compared to previous estimates. C1 [Hugelius, G.; Palmtag, J.; Kuhry, P.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Strauss, J.; Schirrmeister, L.; Grosse, G.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Periglacial Res Unit Potsdam, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Zubrzycki, S.] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil CEN, Inst Soil Sci, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schuur, E. A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schuur, E. A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schuur, E. A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ping, C. -L.; Michaelson, G. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Koven, C. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [O'Donnell, J. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Elberling, B.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, CENPERM Ctr Permafrost, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Mishra, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Earth & Oceanog Sci Dept, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Environm Studies Program, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Yu, Z.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Hugelius, G (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM gustaf.hugelius@natgeo.su.se RI Schirrmeister, Lutz/O-5584-2015; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Zubrzycki, Sebastian/J-7418-2016; Strauss, Jens/P-6544-2014 OI Schirrmeister, Lutz/0000-0001-9455-0596; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Zubrzycki, Sebastian/0000-0002-6398-9173; Strauss, Jens/0000-0003-4678-4982 FU International Permafrost Association; EU 7th framework PAGE21 project; Nordic Centres of Excellence DEFROST project; Swedish Research Council as a part of the International Program CryoCARB; Bolin Centre for Climate Research at Stockholm University; National Science Foundation; Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01DM12011]; German National Academic Foundation; BMBF project "CarboPerm" [03G0836A]; Cluster of Excellence "CliSAP", Universitat Hamburg - German Research Foundation (DFG) [EXC177]; European Research Council Starting Grant [338335]; Center for Permafrost - Danish National Research Foundation [CENPERM DNRF100]; USDA-Hatch project; US NSF [ARC-1107981] FX We are grateful to C. Tarnocai for providing pedon data as well as insightful comments and suggestions. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for providing detailed and insightful comments, especially regarding calculations of estimate uncertainties. This work was supported by grants from the International Permafrost Association, the EU 7th framework PAGE21 project, the Nordic Centres of Excellence DEFROST project, a grant of the Swedish Research Council as a part of the International Program CryoCARB and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research at Stockholm University. This effort is also a contribution to the Global Carbon Project of the Earth System Science Partnership, the Carbon Stocks in Permafrost regions Project of the International Permafrost Association and the Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The contributions of J. Strauss were funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01DM12011) and the German National Academic Foundation. The contributions of S. Zubrzycki were partly supported through the BMBF project "CarboPerm" (03G0836A), and partly supported through the Cluster of Excellence "CliSAP" (EXC177), Universitat Hamburg, funded through the German Research Foundation (DFG). The contributions of G. Grosse were supported by a European Research Council Starting Grant (#338335). The contributions of B. Elberling were supported by the Center for Permafrost, funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100). The contributions of G. J. Michaelson and C. L. Ping were supported by the USDA-Hatch project. The contributions of Z. C. Yu were supported by the US NSF (ARC-1107981). NR 73 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 29 U2 149 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 23 BP 6573 EP 6593 DI 10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW6CM UT WOS:000346357100005 ER PT J AU Syphard, AD Brennan, TJ Keeley, JE AF Syphard, Alexandra D. Brennan, Teresa J. Keeley, Jon E. TI The role of defensible space for residential structure protection during wildfires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; FIRE; CALIFORNIA; MODELS; SHRUBLANDS; LANDSCAPE; AUSTRALIA AB With the potential for worsening fire conditions, discussion is escalating over how to best reduce effects on urban communities. A widely supported strategy is the creation of defensible space immediately surrounding homes and other structures. Although state and local governments publish specific guidelines and requirements, there is little empirical evidence to suggest how much vegetation modification is needed to provide significant benefits. We analysed the role of defensible space by mapping and measuring a suite of variables on modern pre-fire aerial photography for 1000 destroyed and 1000 surviving structures for all fires where homes burned from 2001 to 2010 in San Diego County, CA, USA. Structures were more likely to survive a fire with defensible space immediately adjacent to them. The most effective treatment distance varied between 5 and 20 m (16-58 ft) from the structure, but distances larger than 30 m (100 ft) did not provide additional protection, even for structures located on steep slopes. The most effective actions were reducing woody cover up to 40% immediately adjacent to structures and ensuring that vegetation does not overhang or touch the structure. Multiple-regression models showed landscape-scale factors, including low housing density and distances to major roads, were more important in explaining structure destruction. The best long-term solution will involve a suite of prevention measures that include defensible space as well as building design approach, community education and proactive land use planning that limits exposure to fire. C1 [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. [Brennan, Teresa J.; Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, South Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Syphard, AD (reprint author), Conservat Biol Inst, 10423 Sierra Vista Ave, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. EM asyphard@consbio.org FU US Geological Survey Fire Risk Scenario Project FX We acknowledge funding from the US Geological Survey Fire Risk Scenario Project and note that use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 27 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1165 EP 1175 DI 10.1071/WF13158 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AW5TM UT WOS:000346336700010 ER PT J AU Yanez-Arancibia, A Day, JW Twilley, RR Day, RH AF Yanez-Arancibia, Alejandro Day, John W. Twilley, Robert R. Day, Richard H. TI Mangrove swamps: sentinel ecosystem in front of the climatic change, Gulf of Mexico SO MADERA Y BOSQUES LA Spanish DT Article DE climate change; sentinel-ecosystem; mangrove; tropicalization Gulf of Mexico ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; COASTAL WETLANDS; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; HURRICANE CHARLEY; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; RED MANGROVE; RIVER WATER AB Considering the challenge that the economic, social and ecological systems face -in order to know and mitigate the global climate change-, evidences of the functional structure of mangroves ecological system are presented revisiting the hypothesis presented by Yanez-Arancibia et al. (1998), and revised latter by Yanez-Arancibia et al. (2010): "the mangroves as a critical forest habitat of the coastal zone present accommodation responses to the environmental variability that induces global change playing an structural and functional role in the stability of the coastline, the persistence of habitats and biodiversity, the metabolism of the ecosystem, reducing risks and uncertainty for the sustainable development of the use of its resources". Recent evidences indicates that mangroves in the Gulf of Mexico follows this hypothesis and -as answer to climate change and its effects in the coastal zone- shows a consistent pattern of geographical distribution colonizing all over the northern coast of the Gulf, including the Atlantic coast of Florida Peninsula because of the opportunity of "global tropicalization of the Gulf of Mexico". Moreover, at present the four mangrove species in the Gulf of Mexico are distributed in the Texas state U.S. We conclude that mangrove ecosystem is a "sentinel-ecosystem" in front of climate change impact in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Yanez-Arancibia, Alejandro] Inst Ecol AC Red Ambiente Sustentabilidad, Carretera, Veracruz, Mexico. [Day, John W.; Twilley, Robert R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Day, Richard H.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, LA USA. RP Yanez-Arancibia, A (reprint author), Inst Ecol AC Red Ambiente Sustentabilidad, Carretera, Veracruz, Mexico. EM alejandro.yanez@inecol.mx; johnday@lsu.edu; rtwilley@lsu.edu; dayr@usgs.gov NR 172 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 51 PU INST ECOLOGIA A C PI XALAPA PA KM 2 5 CARR ANT A COATEPEC NO 351, CONGREGACION EL HAYA, XALAPA, VER 00000, MEXICO SN 1405-0471 J9 MADERA BOSQUES JI Madera Bosques PY 2014 VL 20 SI SI BP 39 EP 75 PG 37 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AW6XW UT WOS:000346409900002 ER PT J AU Rode, KD Pagano, AM Bromaghin, JF Atwood, TC Durner, GM Simac, KS Amstrup, SC AF Rode, Karyn D. Pagano, Anthony M. Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Atwood, Todd C. Durner, George M. Simac, Kristin S. Amstrup, Steven C. TI Effects of capturing and collaring on polar bears: findings from long-term research on the southern Beaufort Sea population SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE activity; body condition; capture effects; handling effects; movement rates ID URSUS-MARITIMUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CANADA; ICE; SURVIVAL; RATES; SIZE; IMMOBILIZATION; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Context. The potential for research methods to affect wildlife is an increasing concern among both scientists and the public. This topic has a particular urgency for polar bears because additional research is needed to monitor and understand population responses to rapid loss of sea ice habitat. Aims. This study used data collected from polar bears sampled in the Alaska portion of the southern Beaufort Sea to investigate the potential for capture to adversely affect behaviour and vital rates. We evaluated the extent to which capture, collaring and handling may influence activity and movement days to weeks post-capture, and body mass, body condition, reproduction and survival over 6 months or more. Methods. We compared post-capture activity and movement rates, and relationships between prior capture history and body mass, body condition and reproductive success. We also summarised data on capture-related mortality. Key results. Individual-based estimates of activity and movement rates reached near-normal levels within 2-3 days and fully normal levels within 5 days post-capture. Models of activity and movement rates among all bears had poor fit, but suggested potential for prolonged, lower-level rate reductions. Repeated captures was not related to negative effects on body condition, reproduction or cub growth or survival. Capture-related mortality was substantially reduced after 1986, when immobilisation drugs were changed, with only 3 mortalities in 2517 captures from 1987-2013. Conclusions. Polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea exhibited the greatest reductions in activity and movement rates 3.5 days post-capture. These shorter-term, post-capture effects do not appear to have translated into any long-term effects on body condition, reproduction, or cub survival. Additionally, collaring had no effect on polar bear recovery rates, body condition, reproduction or cub survival. Implications. This study provides empirical evidence that current capture-based research methods do not have long-term implications, and are not contributing to observed changes in body condition, reproduction or survival in the southern Beaufort Sea. Continued refinement of capture protocols, such as the use of low-impact dart rifles and reversible drug combinations, might improve polar bear response to capture and abate short-term reductions in activity and movement post-capture. C1 [Rode, Karyn D.; Pagano, Anthony M.; Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.; Atwood, Todd C.; Durner, George M.; Simac, Kristin S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Amstrup, Steven C.] Polar Bears Int, Bozeman, MT 59772 USA. RP Rode, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM krode@usgs.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009; OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500; Pagano, Anthony/0000-0003-2176-0909; Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU US Geological Survey Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change Mission Areas FX Funding for polar bear captures was provided by the US Geological Survey Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change Mission Areas and several other sources over the length of the study. We thank the many individuals who devoted their time and hard work to collecting data on polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea between 1983 and 2013. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367). We thank Dan Mulcahy, Karen Oakley and two anonymous reviewers for constructive input on draft manuscripts. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 59 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 EI 1448-5494 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2014 VL 41 IS 4 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1071/WR13225 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AW9NT UT WOS:000346585100004 ER PT J AU Valentich-Scott, P Powell, CL Lorenson, TD Edwards, BE AF Valentich-Scott, Paul Powell, Charles L., II Lorenson, Thomas D. Edwards, Brian E. TI A new genus and species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from deep-water, Beaufort Sea, northern Alaska SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Thyasiridae; Beaufort Sea; Alaska; Mollusca; Bivalvia; Maorithyas; Wallerconcha; Spinaxinus; Axinus; Parathyasira; chemoautotrophic; endosymbiosis; taxonomy; Arctic Ocean ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BERING-STRAIT; JAPAN TRENCH; ARCTIC-OCEAN; HADAL ZONE; THYASIROIDEA; COMMUNITIES; PACIFIC; SLOPE; FLUID AB Bivalve mollusk shells were collected in 2350 m depth in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean off northern Alaska. Initial identification suggested the specimens were a member of the bivalve family Thyasiridae, but no known eastern Pacific or Arctic living or fossil thyasirid resembled these deep-water specimens. Comparisons were made with the type of the genera Maorithyas Fleming, 1950, Spinaxinus Oliver & Holmes, 2006, Axinus Sowerby, 1821, and Parathyasira Iredale, 1930. We determined the Beaufort Sea species represents a new genus, herein described as Wallerconcha. These specimens also represent a new species, herein named Wallerconcha sarae. These new taxa are compared with known modern and fossil genera and species of thyasirds. C1 [Valentich-Scott, Paul] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. [Powell, Charles L., II; Lorenson, Thomas D.; Edwards, Brian E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Valentich-Scott, P (reprint author), Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, 2259 Puesta del Sol Rd, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. EM pvscott@sbnature2.org NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2014 IS 462 BP 11 EP 26 DI 10.3897/zookeys.462.6790 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AW6YF UT WOS:000346410900002 PM 25589851 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Chen, Y Henry, P May, T Mosby, D Rattner, BA Shearn-Bochsler, VI Sprague, D Weber, J AF Beyer, W. Nelson Chen, Yu Henry, Paula May, Thomas Mosby, David Rattner, Barnett A. Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I. Sprague, Daniel Weber, John TI Toxicity of Pb-Contaminated Soil to Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) and the Use of the Blood-dietary Pb Slope in Risk Assessment SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ALAD; Protoporphyrin; Liver; Benchmark AB This study relates tissue concentrations and toxic effects of Pb in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) to the dietary exposure of soil-borne Pb associated with mining and smelting. From 0% to 12% contaminated soil, by weight, was added to 5 experimental diets (0.12 to 382mg Pb/kg, dry wt) and fed to the quail for 6 weeks. Benchmark doses associated with a 50% reduction in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity were 0.62mg Pb/kg in the blood, dry wt, and 27mg Pb/kg in the diet. Benchmark doses associated with a 20% increase in the concentration of erythrocyte protoporphyrin were 2.7mg Pb/kg in the blood and 152mg Pb/kg in the diet. The quail showed no other signs of toxicity (histopathological lesions, alterations in plasma-testosterone concentration, and body and organ weights). The relation of the blood Pb concentration to the soil Pb concentration was linear, with a slope of 0.013mg Pb/kg of blood (dry wt) divided by mg Pb/kg of diet. We suggest that this slope is potentially useful in ecological risk assessments on birds in the same way that the intake slope factor is an important parameter in risk assessments of children exposed to Pb. The slope may also be used in a tissue-residue approach as an additional line of evidence in ecological risk assessment, supplementary to an estimate of hazard based on dietary toxicity reference values. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:22-29. (c) 2013 SETAC RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. EM NBeyer@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1002/ieam.1453 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 279BM UT WOS:000328934100004 PM 23780874 ER PT S AU Lease, RO AF Lease, Richard O. BE Nie, J Horton, BK Hoke, GD TI Cenozoic mountain building on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau SO TOWARD AN IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF UPLIFT MECHANISMS AND THE ELEVATION HISTORY OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASIA COLLISION ZONE; NORTH QILIAN SHAN; ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; STRIKE-SLIP; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; QAIDAM BASIN; LINXIA BASIN; XINING BASIN; GUIDE BASIN; CONTINENTAL COLLISION AB Northeastern Tibetan Plateau growth illuminates the kinematics, geodynamics, and climatic consequences of large-scale orogenesis, yet only recently have data become available to outline the spatiotemporal pattern and rates of this growth. I review the tectonic history of range growth across the plateau margin north of the Kunlun fault (35 degrees-40 degrees N) and east of the Qaidam basin (98 degrees-107 degrees E), synthesizing records from fault-bounded mountain ranges and adjacent sedimentary basins. Deformation began in Eocene time shortly after India-Asia collision, but the north-eastern orogen boundary has largely remained stationary since this time. Widespread middle Miocene-Holocene range growth is portrayed by accelerated deformation, uplift, erosion, and deposition across northeastern Tibet. The extent of deformation, however, only expanded similar to 150 km outward to the north and east and similar to 150 km laterally to the west. A middle Miocene reorganization of deformation characterized by shortening at various orientations heralds the onset of the modern kinematic regime where shortening is coupled to strike slip. This regime is responsible for the majority of Cenozoic crustal shortening and thickening and the development of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Lease, RO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rlease@usgs.gov OI Lease, Richard/0000-0003-2582-8966 NR 89 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2507-9 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2014 VL 507 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1130/2014.2507(06) D2 10.1130/9780813725079 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA BB7TJ UT WOS:000345991800002 ER PT J AU Records, RM Arabi, M Fassnacht, SR Duffy, WG Ahmadi, M Hegewisch, KC AF Records, R. M. Arabi, M. Fassnacht, S. R. Duffy, W. G. Ahmadi, M. Hegewisch, K. C. TI Climate change and wetland loss impacts on a western river's water quality SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER DATABASE; UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RIPARIAN BUFFERS; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; FUTURE CLIMATE; SWAT; MODEL; BASIN; NUTRIENT AB An understanding of potential stream water quality conditions under future climate is critical for the sustainability of ecosystems and the protection of human health. Changes in wetland water balance under projected climate could alter wetland extent or cause wetland loss (e. g., via increased evapotranspiration and lower growing season flows leading to reduced riparian wetland inundation) or altered land use patterns. This study assessed the potential climateinduced changes to in-stream sediment and nutrient loads in the snowmelt- dominated Sprague River, Oregon, western US. Additionally, potential water quality impacts of combined changes in wetland water balance and wetland area under future climatic conditions were evaluated. The study utilized the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) forced with statistical downscaling of general circulation model (GCM) data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) using the Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) method. Our findings suggest that, in the Sprague River, (1) mid-21st century nutrient and sediment loads could increase significantly during the high-flow season under warmer, wetter climate projections or could change only nominally in a warmer and somewhat drier future; (2) although water quality conditions under some future climate scenarios and no wetland loss may be similar to the past, the combined impact of climate change and wetland losses on nutrient loads could be large; (3) increases in stream total phosphorus (TP) concentration with wetland loss under future climate scenarios would be greatest at high-magnitude, low-probability flows; and (4) loss of riparian wetlands in both headwaters and lowlands could increase outlet TP loads to a similar degree, but this could be due to distinctly different mechanisms in different parts of the watershed. C1 [Records, R. M.] Colorado State Univ, Integrated Water Atmosphere Ecosyst Educ & Res Pr, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Arabi, M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fassnacht, S. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainability Watershed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Duffy, W. G.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Ahmadi, M.] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hegewisch, K. C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Records, RM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Integrated Water Atmosphere Ecosyst Educ & Res Pr, Dept Geosci, 1482 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rosemary@lamar.colostate.edu RI Zhang, Jianming/A-2994-2011; Fassnacht, Steven/A-7742-2014 OI Zhang, Jianming/0000-0001-7053-7696; Fassnacht, Steven/0000-0002-5270-8049 FU US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project ( CEAP-Wetlands) FX We would like to thank Genevieve Ali and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive feedback on the manuscript. This work was generously supported by the US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP-Wetlands). We also wish to thank the Klamath Tribes Research Station and other Klamath Basin organizations for generously making available the data used in model calibration and validation, and Joseph Essamuah-Quansah for valuable consultations in early stages of this work. NR 113 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 11 BP 4509 EP 4527 DI 10.5194/hess-18-4509-2014 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AU7GF UT WOS:000345768100015 ER PT J AU Fraser, SA Wood, NJ Johnston, DM Leonard, GS Greening, PD Rossetto, T AF Fraser, S. A. Wood, N. J. Johnston, D. M. Leonard, G. S. Greening, P. D. Rossetto, T. TI Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE; PREPAREDNESS; WASHINGTON; THAILAND; TIME AB Evacuation of the population from a tsunami hazard zone is vital to reduce life-loss due to inundation. Geospatial least-cost distance modelling provides one approach to assessing tsunami evacuation potential. Previous models have generally used two static exposure scenarios and fixed travel speeds to represent population movement. Some analyses have assumed immediate departure or a common evacuation departure time for all exposed population. Here, a method is proposed to incorporate time-variable exposure, distributed travel speeds, and uncertain evacuation departure time into an existing anisotropic least-cost path distance framework. The method is demonstrated for hypothetical local-source tsunami evacuation in Napier City, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. There is significant diurnal variation in pedestrian evacuation potential at the suburb level, although the total number of people unable to evacuate is stable across all scenarios. Whilst some fixed travel speeds approximate a distributed speed approach, others may overestimate evacuation potential. The impact of evacuation departure time is a significant contributor to total evacuation time. This method improves least-cost modelling of evacuation dynamics for evacuation planning, casualty modelling, and development of emergency response training scenarios. However, it requires detailed exposure data, which may preclude its use in many situations. C1 [Fraser, S. A.; Johnston, D. M.] Massey Univ, GNS Sci Massey Univ Joint Ctr Disaster Res, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Wood, N. J.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Johnston, D. M.; Leonard, G. S.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand. [Greening, P. D.; Rossetto, T.] UCL, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Rossetto, T.] UCL, Earthquake & People Interact Ctr, EPICtr, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Fraser, SA (reprint author), Massey Univ, GNS Sci Massey Univ Joint Ctr Disaster Res, Wellington Campus,POB 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. EM s.a.fraser@massey.ac.nz RI Leonard, Graham/B-5617-2012; OI Leonard, Graham/0000-0002-4859-0180; Greening, Paul/0000-0002-3811-2476; Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 FU Government of New Zealand; US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program FX We would like to thank Jim Cousins (GNS Science) for valuable discussion of exposure models; Megan Harris (Hawke's Bay Tourism) for provision of tourism data; Lisa Pearse (Hawke's Bay Civil Defence Emergency Management Group) and Craig Goodier (Hawke's Bay Regional Council) for provision of topography data; Robyn Tuohy (Massey University) for discussion of age-dependent mobility; and Jeanne Jones (USGS) for providing information on application of ArcGIS anisotropic least-cost path distance module. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers and Sergio Freire (European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC)) for their review comments, which have helped to improve this paper. This research was supported by public research funding from the Government of New Zealand and the US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2975 EP 2991 DI 10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AU7ET UT WOS:000345764400008 ER PT J AU Eichelberger, JS Braaten, PJ Fuller, DB Krampe, MS Heist, EJ AF Eichelberger, Jennifer S. Braaten, Patrick J. Fuller, David B. Krampe, Matthew S. Heist, Edward J. TI Novel Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers Confirm Successful Spawning of Endangered Pallid Sturgeon in the Upper Missouri River Basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-ALBUS; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NORTH-DAKOTA; PLATORYNCHUS; HYBRIDS; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATION; MONTANA; ACIPENSERIFORMES AB Spawning of the federally endangered Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus is known to occur in the upper Missouri River basin, but progeny from natural reproductive events have not been observed and recruitment to juvenile or adult life stages has not been documented in recent decades. Identification of Pallid Sturgeon progeny is confounded by the fact that Shovelnose Sturgeon S. platorynchus occurs throughout the entire range of Pallid Sturgeon and the two species are essentially indistinguishable (morphometrically and meristically) during early life stages. Moreover, free embryos of sympatric Paddlefish Polyodon spathula are very similar to the two sturgeon species. In this study, three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays were employed to screen acipenseriform free embryos and larvae collected from the upper Missouri River basin in 2011, 2012, and 2013. A mitochondrial DNA SNP discriminates Paddlefish from sturgeon, and specific multilocus genotypes at two nuclear DNA SNPs occurred in 98.9% of wild adult Pallid Sturgeon but only in 3% of Shovelnose Sturgeon sampled in the upper Missouri River. Individuals identified as potential Pallid Sturgeon based on SNP genotypes were further analyzed at 19 microsatellite loci for species discrimination. Out of 1,423 free embryos collected over 3 years of sampling, 971 Paddlefish, 446 Shovelnose Sturgeon, and 6 Pallid Sturgeon were identified. Additionally, 249 Scaphirhynchus spp. benthic larvae were screened, but no Pallid Sturgeon were detected. These SNP markers provide an efficient method of screening acipenseriform early life stages for the presence of Pallid Sturgeon in the Missouri River basin. Detection of wild Pallid Sturgeon free embryos in the upper Missouri and Yellowstone rivers supports the hypothesis that the failure of wild Pallid Sturgeon to recruit to the juvenile life stage in the upper Missouri River basin is caused by early life stage mortality rather than by lack of successful spawning. C1 [Eichelberger, Jennifer S.; Krampe, Matthew S.; Heist, Edward J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Braaten, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. [Fuller, David B.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. RP Heist, EJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, 1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM edheist@siu.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program-Integrated Science Program; U.S. Geological Survey's Science Support Partnership Program FX This project was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program-Integrated Science Program and the U.S. Geological Survey's Science Support Partnership Program. We thank numerous personnel with the U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center, the Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for providing field, laboratory, and logistical support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1373 EP 1385 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.935479 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU6IK UT WOS:000345706800001 ER PT J AU Whitlock, SL Quist, MC Dux, AM AF Whitlock, Steven L. Quist, Michael C. Dux, Andrew M. TI Influence of Habitat Characteristics on Shore-Spawning Kokanee SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; REDD SITE SELECTION; EGG-SIZE EVOLUTION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; EMBRYO SURVIVAL; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ATLANTIC SALMON; FINE SEDIMENT; COHO SALMON AB Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka and kokanee (lacustrine Sockeye Salmon) commonly spawn in both lentic and lotic environments; however, the habitat requirements of shore spawners are virtually unknown relative to those of stream spawners. A laboratory experiment and an in situ incubation study were conducted to better understand the influence of habitat characteristics on the shoreline incubation success of kokanee. The laboratory experiment assessed kokanee intragravel survival, fry emergence, and fry condition in response to eight substrate treatments. The in situ study, conducted at three major shoreline spawning sites in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, evaluated the effect of depth, substrate composition, dissolved oxygen, shoreline slope, and groundwater on intragravel survival. Substrate size composition was generally a poor predictor of survival in both the laboratory experiment and in situ study; although, fry condition and counts of emerged fry in the laboratory were lowest for the substrate treatment that had the highest proportion of fine sediment. Results of the in situ study suggest that groundwater flow plays an important role in enhancing intragravel survival in habitats generally considered unsuitable for spawning. C1 [Whitlock, Steven L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Dux, Andrew M.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. RP Whitlock, SL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr,Mail Stop 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM steven.whitlock@oregonstate.edu FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Bonneville Power Administration; University of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors thank William Ament, William Harryman, Kelly Carter-Lynn, and Nicholas Wahl for assistance with the in situ study, and Jarrod Yates, Amy Long, Christine Moffitt, and many others for assistance with the laboratory experiment. The authors also thank Michelle Wiest for statistical support. Helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript were provided by David Beauchamp, Daniel Schill, Michelle Wiest, Frank Wilhelm, and three anonymous reviewers. Funding for this project was provided by Idaho Department of Fish and Game and the Bonneville Power Administration. The Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. This project was conducted under the University of Idaho Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 2012-7. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1404 EP 1418 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.931302 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU6IK UT WOS:000345706800003 ER PT J AU Roseman, EF Schaeffer, JS Bright, E Fielder, DG AF Roseman, Edward F. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. Bright, Ethan Fielder, David G. TI Angler-Caught Piscivore Diets Reflect Fish Community Changes in Lake Huron SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; CHINOOK SALMON; LONG-TERM; GREAT-LAKES; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; FORAGE FISHES; YELLOW PERCH; SAGINAW BAY; FOOD-WEB; MICHIGAN AB Examination of angler-caught piscivore stomachs revealed that Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush, Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and Walleyes Sander vitreus altered their diets in response to unprecedented declines in Lake Huron's main-basin prey fish community. Diets varied by predator species, season, and location but were nearly always dominated numerically by some combination of Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax, Emerald Shiner Notropis atherinoides, Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus, or terrestrial insects. Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (steelhead), Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, and Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar had varied diets that reflected higher contributions of insects. Compared with an earlier (1983-1986) examination of angler-caught predator fishes from Lake Huron, the contemporary results showed an increase in consumption of nontraditional prey (including conspecifics), use of smaller prey, and an increase in insects in the diet, suggesting that piscivores were faced with chronic prey limitation during this study. The management of all piscivores in Lake Huron will likely require consideration of the pervasive effects of changes in food webs, especially if prey fish remain at low levels. C1 [Roseman, Edward F.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.; Bright, Ethan] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bright, Ethan] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fielder, David G.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Stn Alpena, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU Michigan Sea Grant; USGS Great Lakes Science Center; Grand Rapids Steel-headers FX We thank the many Lake Huron anglers, fishing clubs, and tournament masters who collected data for us, especially Frank Krist and Ken Merkel, who promoted the study and organized sample storage and pickup. We also thank the many fishing clubs who allowed us to sample their fishing tournaments or carried out tournament stomach collections. Michigan Department of Natural Resources creel clerks Julie Shafto and Ed Barr and USGS Great Lakes Science Center contract technicians Michaela Bosshard, Emily Bouckaert, Matt McLean, Amanda Preuhs, Jenny Sutherland, and Patricia Thompson assisted with stomach collections or laboratory processing. David Bennion, Robin DeBruyne, and Stacey Ireland assisted with preparation of figures and provided comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Funding support for this work was provided by Michigan Sea Grant, the USGS Great Lakes Science Center, and the Grand Rapids Steel-headers. This is contribution number 1872 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1419 EP 1433 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.945659 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU6IK UT WOS:000345706800004 ER PT J AU Eiler, JH Masuda, MM Spencer, TR Driscoll, RJ Schreck, CB AF Eiler, John H. Masuda, Michele M. Spencer, Ted R. Driscoll, Richard J. Schreck, Carl B. TI Distribution, Stock Composition and Timing, and Tagging Response of Wild Chinook Salmon Returning to a Large, Free-Flowing River Basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID YUKON RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; SPAWNING MIGRATIONS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; FISH REPRODUCTION; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha returns to the Yukon River basin have declined dramatically since the late 1990s, and detailed information on the spawning distribution, stock structure, and stock timing is needed to better manage the run and facilitate conservation efforts. A total of 2,860 fish were radio-tagged in the lower basin during 2002-2004 and tracked upriver. Fish traveled to spawning areas throughout the basin, ranging from several hundred to over 3,000 km from the tagging site. Similar distribution patterns were observed across years, suggesting that the major components of the run were identified. Daily and seasonal composition estimates were calculated for the component stocks. The run was dominated by two regional components comprising over 70% of the return. Substantially fewer fish returned to other areas, ranging from 2% to 9% of the return, but their collective contribution was appreciable. Most regional components consisted of several principal stocks and a number of small, spatially isolated populations. Regional and stock composition estimates were similar across years even though differences in run abundance were reported, suggesting that the differences in abundance were not related to regional or stock-specific variability. Run timing was relatively compressed compared with that in rivers in the southern portion of the species' range. Most stocks passed through the lower river over a 6-week period, ranging in duration from 16 to 38 d. Run timing was similar for middle-and upper-basin stocks, limiting the use of timing information for management. The lower-basin stocks were primarily later-run fish. Although differences were observed, there was general agreement between our composition and timing estimates and those from other assessment projects within the basin, suggesting that the telemetry-based estimates provided a plausible approximation of the return. However, the short duration of the run, complex stock structure, and similar stock timing complicate management of Yukon River returns. C1 [Eiler, John H.; Masuda, Michele M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Spencer, Ted R.; Driscoll, Richard J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Eiler, JH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM john.eiler@noaa.gov FU U.S.-Canada Yukon River Treaty Implementation Fund; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative Fund; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; National Marine Fisheries Service FX Primary funding for this study was provided by the U.S.-Canada Yukon River Treaty Implementation Fund, Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative Fund, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and National Marine Fisheries Service. Supplemental support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bering Sea Fisherman's Association, Yukon River Drainage Fisheries Association, National Park Service, and the Restoration and Enhancement Fund of the Yukon River Panel. We thank the many people that assisted with field work, including agency personnel and local fishers from Russian Mission and Marshall. We are particularly grateful to R. Brown, B. Mercer, C. Osborne, and C. Stark for their assistance with fish tracking and spawning ground recoveries. Technical support for the telemetry component of the study was provided by N. Christensen, L. Kuechle, A. Mayer, and R. Reichle. J. Pella was instrumental in the development of the stock composition analysis. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 97 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1476 EP 1507 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.959997 PG 32 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU6IK UT WOS:000345706800009 ER PT J AU David, AT Ellings, CS Woo, I Simenstad, CA Takekawa, JY Turner, KL Smith, AL Takekawa, JE AF David, Aaron T. Ellings, Christopher S. Woo, Isa Simenstad, Charles A. Takekawa, John Y. Turner, Kelley L. Smith, Ashley L. Takekawa, Jean E. TI Foraging and Growth Potential of Juvenile Chinook Salmon after Tidal Restoration of a Large River Delta SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESTORED ESTUARINE WETLAND; EARLY MARINE GROWTH; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; GASTRIC EVACUATION; SALT MARSHES; DAILY RATION; FISH GROWTH; COHO SALMON; PINK SALMON; RESIDENCE AB We evaluated whether restoring tidal flow to previously diked estuarine wetlands also restores foraging and growth opportunities for juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Several studies have assessed the value of restored tidal wetlands for juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., but few have used integrative measures of salmon performance, such as habitat-specific growth potential, to evaluate restoration. Our study took place in the Nisqually River delta, Washington, where recent dike removals restored tidal flow to 364 ha of marsh-the largest tidal marsh restoration project in the northwestern contiguous United States. We sampled fish assemblages, water temperatures, and juvenile Chinook Salmon diet composition and consumption rates in two restored and two reference tidal channels during a 3-year period after restoration; these data were used as inputs to a bioenergetics model to compare Chinook Salmon foraging performance and growth potential between the restored and reference channels. We found that foraging performance and growth potential of juvenile Chinook Salmon were similar between restored and reference tidal channels. However, Chinook Salmon densities were significantly lower in the restored channels than in the reference channels, and growth potential was more variable in the restored channels due to their more variable and warmer (2 degrees C) water temperatures. These results indicate that some-but not all-ecosystem attributes that are important for juvenile Pacific salmon can recover rapidly after large-scale tidal marsh restoration. C1 [David, Aaron T.; Simenstad, Charles A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ellings, Christopher S.] Nisqually Indian Tribe, Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98513 USA. [Woo, Isa; Takekawa, John Y.; Turner, Kelley L.; Smith, Ashley L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Takekawa, Jean E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nisqually Natl Wildlife Refuge, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. RP David, AT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aarontdavid@yahoo.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Nisqually Indian Tribe; Ducks Unlimited; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Nisqually Indian Tribe, and Ducks Unlimited. A. T. David was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Numerous people were instrumental in completing fieldwork for the project, including W. Duval, E. Perez, S. Stepetin, K. Kautz, T. Friedrich, E. Villegas, M. Holt, L. Belleveau, P. Markos, B. Ryken, J. Barham, C. Iverson, H. Tucker, H. Minnella, and C. Guthrie. C. Levy, B. Armbrust, E. Morgan, and J. Cordell helped with the identification of stomach contents; A. Calahan created Figure 1; and T. P. Quinn and D. A. Beauchamp reviewed drafts of the manuscript and provided guidance for the study. We thank the Nisqually NWR and the Nisqually Indian Tribe for access to study sites. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions for improving the manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1515 EP 1529 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.945663 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU6IK UT WOS:000345706800011 ER PT J AU Mayfield, MP Schultz, LD Wyss, LA Clemens, BJ Schreck, CB AF Mayfield, M. P. Schultz, L. D. Wyss, L. A. Clemens, B. J. Schreck, C. B. TI Spawning Patterns of Pacific Lamprey in Tributaries to the Willamette River, Oregon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; ADULT PACIFIC; SEA LAMPREY; ENTOSPHENUS-TRIDENTATUS; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; REDD COUNTS; BULL TROUT; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; CHINOOK SALMON; GREAT-LAKES AB Addressing the ongoing decline of Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus across its range along the west coast of North America requires an understanding of all life history phases. Currently, spawning surveys (redd counts) are a common tool used to monitor returning adult salmonids, but the methods are in their infancy for Pacific Lamprey. To better understand the spawning phase, our objective was to assess temporal spawning trends, redd abundance, habitat use, and spatial patterns of spawning at multiple spatial scales for Pacific Lamprey in the Willamette River basin, Oregon. Although redd density varied considerably across surveyed reaches, the observed temporal patterns of spawning were related to physical habitat and hydrologic conditions. As has been documented in studies in other basins in the Pacific Northwest, we found that redds were often constructed in pool tailouts dominated by gravel, similar to habitat used by spawning salmonids. Across the entire Willamette Basin, Pacific Lampreys appeared to select reaches with alluvial geology, likely because this is where gravel suitable for spawning accumulated. At the tributary scale, spawning patterns were not as strong, and in reaches with nonalluvial geology redds were more spatially clumped than in reaches with alluvial geology. These results can be used to help identify and conserve Pacific Lamprey spawning habitat across the Pacific Northwest. C1 [Mayfield, M. P.; Schultz, L. D.; Wyss, L. A.; Clemens, B. J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schultz, LD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM luke.schultz@oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration [2008-524-00]; Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords FX Funding for this study was provided by the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords partnership with the Bonneville Power Administration under project 2008-524-00 (Brian McIlraith, project manager). We thank several landowners that provided survey access as well as logistical support for our project. Additional fieldwork assistance was generously provided by K. McDonnell and C. Christianson. M. Colvin, B. McIlraith, B. Heinith, J. Peterson, B. Gerth, G. Giannico, J. Jolley, G. Silver, and R. Wildman provided sampling and analyses advice as well as lending field equipment to our project. A critical review by A. Brumo, S. Whitlock, and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1544 EP 1554 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.949013 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU6IK UT WOS:000345706800013 ER PT J AU Kepler, MV Wagner, T Sweka, JA AF Kepler, Megan V. Wagner, Tyler Sweka, John A. TI Comparative Bioenergetics Modeling of Two Lake Trout Morphotypes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES; ENERGY DENSITY; FISH; SUPERIOR; REHABILITATION; POPULATIONS; CONSUMPTION; MANAGEMENT; ENERGETICS AB Efforts to restore Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Laurentian Great Lakes have been hampered for decades by several factors, including overfishing and invasive species (e. g., parasitism by Sea Lampreys Petromyzon marinus and reproductive deficiencies associated with consumption of Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus). Restoration efforts are complicated by the presence of multiple body forms (i. e., morphotypes) of Lake Trout that differ in habitat utilization, prey consumption, lipid storage, and spawning preferences. Bioenergetics models constitute one tool that is used to help inform management and restoration decisions; however, bioenergetic differences among morphotypes have not been evaluated. The goal of this research was to investigate bioenergetic differences between two actively stocked morphotypes: lean and humper Lake Trout. We measured consumption and respiration rates across a wide range of temperatures (4-22 degrees C) and size-classes (5-100 g) to develop bioenergetics models for juvenile Lake Trout. Bayesian estimation was used so that uncertainty could be propagated through final growth predictions. Differences between morphotypes were minimal, but when present, the differences were temperature and weight dependent. Basal respiration did not differ between morphotypes at any temperature or size-class. When growth and consumption differed between morphotypes, the differences were not consistent across the size ranges tested. Management scenarios utilizing the temperatures presently found in the Great Lakes (e. g., predicted growth at an average temperature of 11.7 degrees C and 14.4 degrees C during a 30-d period) demonstrated no difference in growth between the two morphotypes. Due to a lack of consistent differences between lean and humper Lake Trout, we developed a model that combined data from both morphotypes. The combined model yielded results similar to those of the morphotype-specific models, suggesting that accounting for morphotype differences may not be necessary in bioenergetics modeling of lean and humper Lake Trout. C1 [Kepler, Megan V.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sweka, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Kepler, MV (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 413 Forest Resource Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mvk10@psu.edu FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank the USFWS Northeast Fishery Center for allowing this research to take place there, and we are grateful to the staff that assisted during the project, including Steve Davis, Brian Layton, and Tom Kehler. We also thank Paola Fererri, Matt Marshall, and Brian Irwin for guidance during the project and Charles Madenjian for providing a review on a previous draft of this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Fish handling followed protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Number 35200) at Pennsylvania State University. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1592 EP 1604 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.954051 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU6IK UT WOS:000345706800018 ER PT S AU Lawrence, C Steefel, C Maher, K AF Lawrence, Corey Steefel, Carl Maher, Kate BE Gaillardet, J TI Abiotic/Biotic Coupling in the Rhizosphere: A Reactive Transport Modeling Analysis SO GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE GES-10 SE Procedia Earth and Planetary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geochemistry of the Earth's Surface (GES) Meeting CY AUG 18-23, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Int Assoc Geochemistry, Inst Physique Globe Paris DE soil organic matter; reactive transport modeling; rhizosphere AB A new generation of models is needed to adequately simulate patterns of soil biogeochemical cycling in response changing global environmental drivers. For example, predicting the influence of climate change on soil organic matter storage and stability requires models capable of addressing complex biotic/abiotic interactions of rhizosphere and weathering processes. Reactive transport modeling provides a powerful framework simulating these interactions and the resulting influence on soil physical and chemical characteristics. Incorporation of organic reactions in an existing reactive transport model framework has yielded novel insights into soil weathering and development but much more work is required to adequately capture root and microbial dynamics in the rhizosphere. This endeavor provides many advantages over traditional soil biogeochemical models but also many challenges. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lawrence, Corey] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Steefel, Carl] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Maher, Kate] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lawrence, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM clawrence@usgs.gov RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Maher, Kate/B-3489-2010 OI Maher, Kate/0000-0002-5982-6064 FU NSF FX The authors acknowledge Marjorie Schulz, Jennifer Harden, Arthur White and the participants of the NSF sponsored workshop: "Expanding the role of Reactive Transport Modeling within the Biogeochemical Sciences" for thoughtful discussions on the need and feasibility of applying RTMs in the rhizo sphere. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-5220 J9 PROCED EARTH PLAN SC PY 2014 VL 10 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.037 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BB7DT UT WOS:000345407200018 ER PT S AU Denlinger, RP AF Denlinger, Roger P. BE Bai, Y Wang, J Fang, D TI Simulation of initiation, transport, and deposition of granular avalanches: Current progress and future challenges SO MECHANICS FOR THE WORLD: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS, ICTAM2012 SE Procedia IUTAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ICTAM) CY AUG 19-24, 2012 CL Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mechan, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Assoc Sci & Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Tsinghua Univ, Sch Aerosp, Zhejiang Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, Sichuan Univ, Xian Jiaotong Univ, Sch Aerosp Engn, State Key Lab Strength & Vibration Mech Struct, Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ China, Key Lab Mech Disaster & Environm Western China, Peking Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing Inst Technol, Dalian Univ Technol, Dept Engn, State Key Lab Struct Anal Ind Equipment, Shanghai Univ, Shanghai Inst Appl Math & Mech, Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Dept Mech, Tianjin Univ, Dept Mech, Tongji Univ, Sch Aerosp Engn & Appl Mech, Harbin Inst Technol, Ctr Composite Mat, Jinan Univ, Inst Appl Mech, Dept Mech & Civil Engn, Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Coll Aerosp Engn, State Key Lab Mech & Control Mech Struct, Hohai Univ, China Acad Aerosp Aerodynam, Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Mech & Engn, Chinese Soc Astronaut, Hunan Univ, Coll Mech & Vehicle, Beijing Univ Technol, South China Univ Technol, Dept Engn Mech, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Mech, Beihang Univ, Sch Aeronaut Sci & Engn HO Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mechan DE debris flows; granular avalanches; Coulomb failure; routing models; fluid-solid coupling ID 3-DIMENSIONAL TERRAIN; DEBRIS FLOWS; MOTION; MASSES AB Since 1989 models to route debris flows and avalanches for hazards mitigation have been constructed using the seminal work of Savage and Hutter. With this approach a Saint Venant model for wet or dry granular flow is constructed by depth integrating equations for mass and momentum conservation, evaluating stress using bulk mixture values and a Coulomb failure criterion. Such models rely on just three forces to determine whether motion will occur: the force giving downslope acceleration, drag along the bed during flow, and the stress gradients derived from variations in thickness of the flow. With this construction most avalanche models simply begin with a force imbalance set large enough to reproduce the runout and deposits observed. However research into granular flow mechanics has advanced our knowledge considerably in recent years, allowing construction of a new and more powerful class of models that incorporate the effects of changes in internal structure in the flow, and explicitly include phenomenon such as fluid-solid coupling during rapid deformation of saturated granular mixtures. The defining feature of these more sophisticated models is that they can evolve from a stable stress state into an unstable state such that, given certain conditions, an initially stable rock or soil masscanbegin to creep or deform slowly well before it eventually accelerates rapidly andflows downhill. The contrast between simple and sophisticated models is illustrated by comparison of a simple model for an estimated rockfall hazard in California using a Savage and Hutter approach with a sophisticated, fully coupled fluid-solid model that successfully simulated initiationand transport of experimental debris flows without arbitrarily adjusting any model parameters. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Denlinger, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM roger@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2210-9838 J9 PROC IUTAM PY 2014 VL 10 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.piutam.2014.01.031 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BB7FE UT WOS:000345443700020 ER PT S AU Tucker, DS Scott, KM Grossman, EE Linneman, S AF Tucker, David S. Scott, Kevin M. Grossman, Eric E. Linneman, Scott BE Dashtgard, S Ward, B TI Mount Baker lahars and debris flows, ancient, modern, and future SO TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS OF LIFE ON AN ACTIVE SUBDUCTION ZONE: FIELD TRIPS IN AND AROUND VANCOUVER, CANADA SE Geological Society of America Field Guide LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; WASHINGTON AB The Middle Fork Nooksack River drains the southwestern slopes of the active Mount Baker stratovolcano in northwest Washington State. The river enters Bellingham Bay at a growing delta 98 km to the west. Various types of debris flows have descended the river, generated by volcano collapse or eruption (lahars), glacial outburst floods, and moraine landslides. Initial deposition of sediment during debris flows occurs on the order of minutes to a few hours. Long-lasting, down-valley transport of sediment, all the way to the delta, occurs over a period of decades, and affects fish habitat, flood risk, gravel mining, and drinking water. Holocene lahars and large debris flows (>10(6) m(3)) have left recognizable deposits in the Middle Fork Nooksack valley. A debris flow in 2013 resulting from a landslide in a Little Ice Age moraine had an estimated volume of 100,000 m(3), yet affected turbidity for the entire length of the river, and produced a slug of sediment that is currently being reworked and remobilized in the river system. Deposits of smaller-volume debris flows, deposited as terraces in the upper valley, may be entirely eroded within a few years. Consequently, the geologic record of small debris flows such as those that occurred in 2013 is probably very fragmentary. Small debris flows may still have significant impacts on hydrology, biology, and human uses of rivers downstream. Impacts include the addition of waves of fine sediment to stream loads, scouring or burying salmon-spawning gravels, forcing unplanned and sudden closure of municipal water intakes, damaging or destroying trail crossings, extending river deltas into estuaries, and adding to silting of harbors near river mouths. C1 [Tucker, David S.; Linneman, Scott] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Scott, Kevin M.] US Geol Survey, Cascade Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Tucker, DS (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, 516 High St, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 2333-0937 BN 978-0-8137-0038-0 J9 GSA FLD GD PY 2014 VL 38 BP 33 EP 52 DI 10.1130/2014.0038(03) D2 10.1130/9780813700380 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA BB6KC UT WOS:000344855400004 ER PT S AU Hanes, JM Liang, L Morisette, JT AF Hanes, Jonathan M. Liang, Liang Morisette, Jeffrey T. BE Hanes, JM TI Land Surface Phenology SO BIOPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING SE Springer Remote Sensing Photogrammetry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DECIDUOUS BROADLEAF FOREST; LEAF-AREA INDEX; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; COARSE RESOLUTION DATA; TIME-SERIES; VEGETATION PHENOLOGY; AVHRR DATA; SPRING PHENOLOGY; MODIS DATA AB Certain vegetation types (e.g., deciduous shrubs, deciduous trees, grasslands) have distinct life cycles marked by the growth and senescence of leaves and periods of enhanced photosynthetic activity. Where these types exist, recurring changes in foliage alter the reflectance of electromagnetic radiation from the land surface, which can be measured using remote sensors. The timing of these recurring changes in reflectance is called land surface phenology (LSP). During recent decades, a variety of methods have been used to derive LSP metrics from time series of reflectance measurements acquired by satellite-borne sensors. In contrast to conventional phenology observations, LSP metrics represent the timing of reflectance changes that are driven by the aggregate activity of vegetation within the areal unit measured by the satellite sensor and do not directly provide information about the phenology of individual plants, species, or their phenophases. Despite the generalized nature of satellite sensor-derived measurements, they have proven useful for studying changes in LSP associated with various phenomena. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the use of satellite remote sensing to monitor LSP. First, the theoretical basis for the application of satellite remote sensing to the study of vegetation phenology is presented. After establishing a theoretical foundation for LSP, methods of deriving and validating LSP metrics are discussed. This chapter concludes with a discussion of major research findings and current and future research directions. C1 [Hanes, Jonathan M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Liang, Liang] Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hanes, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM jmhanes@uwm.edu NR 114 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2198-0721 BN 978-3-642-25047-7; 978-3-642-25046-0 J9 SPRING REMOTE SENS P PY 2014 BP 99 EP 125 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-25047-7_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-25047-7 PG 27 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BB6LR UT WOS:000344867900006 ER PT B AU Bartlein, PJ Hostetler, SW Alder, JR AF Bartlein, Patrick J. Hostetler, Steven W. Alder, Jay R. BE Ohring, G TI Paleoclimate SO CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTH AMERICA SE Regional Climate Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MILLENNIAL-SCALE VARIABILITY; PAST 21,000 YEARS; DRYAS COLD EVENT; NORTH-AMERICA; YOUNGER DRYAS; LAST MILLENNIUM; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; ICE-SHEET C1 [Bartlein, Patrick J.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hostetler, Steven W.; Alder, Jay R.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bartlein, PJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM bartlein@uoregon.edu RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Alder, Jay/0000-0003-2378-2853 NR 124 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-03768-4; 978-3-319-03767-7 J9 REG CLIM STUD PY 2014 BP 1 EP 51 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-03768-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-03768-4 PG 51 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BB6NU UT WOS:000344883100003 ER PT J AU Fortini, LB Carter, DR AF Fortini, Lucas B. Carter, Douglas R. TI The economic viability of smallholder timber production under expanding acai palm production in the Amazon Estuary SO JOURNAL OF FOREST ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Varzea; Caboclos; Amazonia; Estuary; Euterpe; Acai ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; FOREST MANAGEMENT; RAIN-FOREST; COMMUNITY; PARAGOMINAS; FLOODPLAIN; FRONTIER; IMPACTS; SCALE; RIVER AB Relatively little attention has been paid to the economic potentials and limitations of tropical timber production and management at smallholder scales, with the most relevant research focusing on community forestry efforts. As a rare tropical example of long-lasting small-scale timber production, in this study we explore the economics of smallholder vertically integrated timber use to better understand the activity in the context of its primary land use alternative in the Amazon Estuary, acai palm fruit production. We use data from landowner and firm surveys, participatory monitoring of firms, and detailed forest and sawmill operation monitoring to devise financial returns models of smallholder timber micro firms and acai palm fruit production. We then compare the economics of the two activities to better understand how differences may shape decisions at the small holder scale that impact current land use shifts in the region. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Fortini, Lucas B.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Fortini, Lucas B.; Carter, Douglas R.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Fortini, LB (reprint author), 677 Ala Moana Blvd,Suite 320, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM lfortini@usgs.gov OI Fortini, Lucas/0000-0002-5781-7295 FU Tropical Conservation and Development Program at the University of Florida; National Science Foundation (Working Forest in the Tropics Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship [NSF IGERT]; EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [FP-91688001]; National Science Foundation (Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, South East Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate [NSF AGEP]) FX We thank the many ribeirinho families who shared knowledge of their forests and received us with open hearts and minds, with special thanks to Dona Rosaria and her family. This research was supported by fellowships and grants from the Tropical Conservation and Development Program at the University of Florida, the National Science Foundation (Working Forest in the Tropics Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship [NSF IGERT], Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, South East Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate [NSF AGEP]), and the EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program (FP-91688001). NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1104-6899 EI 1618-1530 J9 J FOREST ECON JI J. For. Econ. PY 2014 VL 20 IS 3 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.jfe.2014.06.001 PG 13 WC Economics; Forestry SC Business & Economics; Forestry GA AT8MA UT WOS:000345186100002 ER PT J AU Walleser, LR Sandheinrich, MB Howard, DR Gaikowski, MP Amberg, JJ AF Walleser, Liza R. Sandheinrich, Mark B. Howard, David R. Gaikowski, Mark P. Amberg, Jon J. TI Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Gill Rakers of Gizzard Shad and Silver Carp in Three Midwestern Rivers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CROSS-FLOW FILTRATION; SUSPENSION-FEEDING FISH; BREAM ABRAMIS-BRAMA; HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; BIGHEAD CARP; FILTERING EFFICIENCY; PARTICLE RETENTION; GROWTH-MORPHOLOGY; ASIAN CARPS AB Improved management of invasive Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the upper Mississippi River basin may be possible by better understanding the feeding abilities of this population. Food collection for filter-feeding fishes, such as Silver Carp, is influenced by the species-specific structure of their gill rakers. To investigate structural variation in gill rakers of Silver Carp, the morphology of gill rakers was quantified and compared with that of a native filter-feeding fish species which may compete with Silver Carp for food resources, Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum. Intra-and interspecies variation of gill rakers was examined in both species collected from three locations among four months. Interspecies analysis indicated the size of pores in gill rakers of Silver Carp were much larger than the interraker spacings of Gizzard Shad (95% CI ranged from 80.69 to 185.75 mu m versus 16.72 to 47.36 mu m, respectively). Intraspecies variation of gill rakers from Silver Carp was related to the overall size of fish and occurred only among sites where dissimilar sizes of fish were collected. This suggested the size of particles filtered by Silver Carp may be dependent upon ontogenic development rather than phenotypic plasticity in response to spatial or temporal factors. Intraspecies variation of gill rakers from Gizzard Shad occurred among site and monthly sampling data; however, variation was only attributable to overall size of fish for monthly sampling data. This suggested ontogeny may influence the filter-feeding ability of this species within a habitat. However, variation noted among sites, which was not attributable to size of fish, may indicate gill rakers are phenotypically plastic among Gizzard Shad populations of various river systems of the upper Mississippi River basin. C1 [Walleser, Liza R.; Sandheinrich, Mark B.; Howard, David R.] Univ Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Walleser, Liza R.; Gaikowski, Mark P.; Amberg, Jon J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Amberg, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jamberg@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX Funding for this research was provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. The Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center and the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse River Studies Center provided laboratory space. The Illinois Museum of Natural History (especially Blake Ruebush, Levi Solomon, and Thad Cook), Reuben Goforth at the University of Purdue, and Katie Bertrand at South Dakota State University were instrumental in this research effort as they provided access to study sites and helped with fish collections. Melissa Bingham and Sherwin Toribio assisted with statistical analysis. Steve Cash and his laboratory at the Gunderson Lutheran Health Sciences Center provided guidance for processing and sectioning samples. Furthermore, the guidance of Roger Haro in the proposal stages of this project, the efforts of Nathan Jensen and Blake Sauey in field collection, and the assistance of Sunnie McCalla during the editing process are all greatly appreciated. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 875 EP 884 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.920740 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT3AS UT WOS:000344807700001 ER PT J AU Mayfield, MP Schultz, LD Wyss, LA Colvin, ME Schreck, CB AF Mayfield, M. P. Schultz, L. D. Wyss, L. A. Colvin, M. E. Schreck, C. B. TI Using Spatial Resampling to Assess Redd Count Survey Length Requirements for Pacific Lamprey SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BULL TROUT; COLUMBIA RIVER; STREAMS; OREGON; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; ERROR; STATE AB Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus has declined across its range along the West Coast of North America, and an understanding of all life history phases is needed to address population recovery. Spawning surveys (redd counts) are common tools currently used to monitor returning adult salmonids, but such methodologies are in their infancy for Pacific Lamprey. Our objective was to assess the minimum spawning survey distance required to detect the presence of Pacific Lamprey redds and obtain precise redd density estimates from these data. To do this, we statistically resampled existing spawning locations of Pacific Lamprey collected during spawning surveys in four streams of the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, during spring of 2013. We found that the minimum survey distance for Pacific Lamprey redd detection was inversely related to the observed redd density and was always less than 1.2 km. Survey distance requirements to obtain precise redd counts (+/- 20% of observed redd densities) were also inversely related to redd density and habitat availability, and varied between 1.3 km and 13.7 km. Our results suggest that spawning surveys are a potential tool for monitoring adult Pacific Lamprey abundance, but the specific objectives of the monitoring programs and acknowledgment of unknowns must be considered prior to implementation into recovery plans. C1 [Mayfield, M. P.; Schultz, L. D.; Wyss, L. A.; Colvin, M. E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schultz, LD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM luke.schultz@oregonstate.edu FU Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords; Bonneville Power Administration [2008-524-00] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords partnership with the Bonneville Power Administration under project 2008-524-00, Brian McIlraith, project manager. Fieldwork assistance was generously provided by K. McDonnell and C. Christianson. B. McIlraith, B. Heinith, J. Lemanski, J. Peterson, B. Gerth, G. Giannico, J. Jolley, G. Silver, and R. Wildman provided sampling and analyses advice and lent field equipment to our project. A critical review by B. Clemens, R. Al-Chokhachy, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 923 EP 931 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.932867 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT3AS UT WOS:000344807700005 ER PT J AU Raabe, JK Hightower, JE AF Raabe, Joshua K. Hightower, Joseph E. TI Assessing Distribution of Migratory Fishes and Connectivity following Complete and Partial Dam Removals in a North Carolina River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; LOW-HEAD DAM; AMERICAN SHAD; FRESH-WATER; HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY; ANADROMOUS FISHES; FLATHEAD CATFISH; HYDROPOWER DAMS; WISCONSIN; PASSAGE AB Fish, especially migratory species, are assumed to benefit from dam removals that restore connectivity and access to upstream habitat, but few studies have evaluated this assumption. Therefore, we assessed the movement of migratory fishes in the springs of 2008 through 2010 and surveyed available habitat in the Little River, North Carolina, a tributary to the Neuse River, after three complete dam removals and one partial (notched) dam removal. We tagged migratory fishes with PIT tags at a resistance-board weir located at a dam removal site (river kilometer [rkm] 3.7) and followed their movements with an array of PIT antennas. The river-wide distribution of fish following removals varied by species. For example, 24-31% of anadromous American Shad Alosa sapidissima, 45-49% of resident Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, and 4-11% of nonnative Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris passed the dam removal site at rkm 56 in 2009 and 2010. No preremoval data were available for comparison, but reach connectivity appeared to increase as tagged individuals passed former dam sites and certain individuals moved extensively both upstream and downstream. However, 17-28% did not pass the partially removed dam at rkm 7.9, while 20-39% of those that passed remained downstream for more than a day before migrating upstream. Gizzard Shad required the deepest water to pass this notched structure, followed by American Shad then Flathead Catfish. Fish that passed the notched dam accessed more complex habitat (e. g., available substrate size-classes) in the middle and upper reaches. The results provide strong support for efforts to restore currently inaccessible habitat through complete removal of derelict dams. C1 [Raabe, Joshua K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Raabe, JK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM joshua.raabe@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Restoration Systems, LLC.; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Restoration Systems, LLC. The city of Goldsboro and Cherry Hospital provided access to field sites. We thank everyone that assisted with field research, in particular Dana Sackett, Will Smith, John Bain, Donald Danesi, and Meredith Raabe. Patrick Cooney, Derek Aday, Kenneth Pollock, George Hess, and anonymous reviewers helped improve previous versions of this manuscript. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Sampling was conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols 07-044-O and 10-007-O. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 955 EP 969 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.938140 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT3AS UT WOS:000344807700009 ER PT J AU Shepard, BB Nelson, LM Taper, ML Zale, AV AF Shepard, Bradley B. Nelson, Lee M. Taper, Mark L. Zale, Alexander V. TI Factors Influencing Successful Eradication of Nonnative Brook Trout from Four Small Rocky Mountain Streams Using Electrofishing SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; HABITAT USE; WINTER HABITAT; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SALMO-CLARKI; BULL TROUT; ABUNDANCE; REMOVAL; CONSERVATION AB We successfully eradicated nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis by electrofishing from 2.4- to 3.0-km treatment reaches of four Rocky Mountain streams in Montana to conserve sympatric populations of native West-slope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi. At least 6, and as many as 14, removal treatments of two to four electrofishing passes per treatment were required to successfully eradicate Brook Trout from these treatment reaches. We increased success by modifying our treatment efforts during this study from single annual treatments to several treatments a year to take advantage of autumn spawning and winter aggregating behavior. Eradication by electrofishing cost US$3,500 to $5,500 per kilometer where no riparian vegetation or woody debris clearing was necessary, increasing to $8,000 to $9,000 per kilometer where clearing was needed. Treatment costs without stream clearing were similar to costs of eradication using piscicides. Eradication by electrofishing may be preferable where native fish occur in sympatry with nonnative fish in smaller streams (base flow wetted widths <3.0 m) because native fish can be salvaged during removal efforts and because electrofishing may be more acceptable to the public than use of piscicides. C1 [Shepard, Bradley B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Shepard, Bradley B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Nelson, Lee M.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Townsend, MT 59644 USA. [Taper, Mark L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Shepard, BB (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bshepard@wcs.org FU U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management (USDI BLM); U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service; Wild Fish Habitat Initiative through the Montana University System Water Center; National Science Foundation [DEB 0717456]; U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Montana State University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The Future Fisheries Improvement and Native Fish programs of Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, and Challenge Cost-Share and Bring Back the Natives grants from the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management (USDI BLM) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, provided funding to conduct the fieldwork and prepare initial reports. B. B. S. was supported by the Wild Fish Habitat Initiative through the Montana University System Water Center and thanks Gretchen Rupp and the staff at the Water Center for their support. B. B. S. and M. L. T. also received support from the National Science Foundation (DEB 0717456). Ron Spoon of Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, helped conduct many of the Brook Trout removal efforts in Muskrat and Staubach creeks. We also thank K. McDonald, D. Oswald, D. Kampwerth, J. Roscoe, S. Sovey, B. Sanborn, J. Brammer, M. Enk, A. Tews, and S. LaMar for their assistance. Numerous fieldworkers and volunteers from Montana State University, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, the USDA Forest Service, USDI BLM, Montana Conservation Corps, and the American Fisheries Society Hutton Scholarship program assisted with fieldwork. D. Goodman, R. Gresswell, D. Skaar, S. Cherry, L. Thompson, K. Meyer, and two anonymous reviewers reviewed and improved the manuscript. The Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Montana State University, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. or Montana State Government. This research was done as part of B.B.S.'s PhD dissertation (Shepard 2010). NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 988 EP 997 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.942042 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT3AS UT WOS:000344807700011 ER PT J AU Bennett, S Al-Chokhachy, R Roper, BB Budy, P AF Bennett, Stephen Al-Chokhachy, Robert Roper, Brett B. Budy, Phaedra TI Annual Variation of Spawning Cutthroat Trout in a Small Western USA Stream: A Case Study with Implications for the Conservation of Potamodromous Trout Life History Diversity SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-BOUVIERI; ADFLUVIAL BULL TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; RIVER-BASIN; REDD COUNTS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; YELLOWSTONE RIVER; BEAVER PONDS; NATIVE TROUT; VITAL-RATES AB Little is known about the variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of spawning potamodromous trout despite decades of research directed at salmonid spawning ecology and the increased awareness that conserving life history diversity should be a focus of management. We monitored a population of fluvial-resident Bonneville Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii utah in a tributary to the Logan River, Utah, from 2006 to 2012 to gain insight into the distribution and timing of spawning and what factors may influence these spawning activities. We monitored Bonneville Cutthroat Trout using redd surveys with multiple observers and georeferenced redd locations. We documented an extended spawning period that lasted from late April to mid-July. The onset, median, and end of spawning was best predicted by the mean maximum water temperature during the first 13 weeks of the year (F = 130. 4, df = 5, R-2 = 0.96, P < 0.0001) with spawning beginning and ending earlier in years that had warmer water temperatures prior to spawning. The distribution of redds was clumped each year and the relative density of redds was greater in a reach dominated by dams constructed by beavers Castor canadensis. Both dam failure and construction appeared to be responsible for creating new spawning habitat that was quickly occupied, demonstrating rapid temporal response to local habitat changes. Bonneville Cutthroat Trout appeared to establish and defend a redd for up to 2 d, and spawning most often occurred between similar-sized individuals. Spawning surveys for potamodromous trout are an underutilized tool that could be used to better understand the distribution and timing of spawning as well as determine the size and trends of the reproducing portion of populations of management concern. Without efforts to document the diversity of this important aspect of potamodromous trout life history, prioritization of conservation will be problematic. C1 [Bennett, Stephen] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Al-Chokhachy, Robert] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Roper, Brett B.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bennett, S (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM bennett.ecological@gmail.com FU U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Fish and Ecology Unit; USFS Logan Ranger District Office; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Watershed Sciences Department of Utah State University; U.S. Geological Survey FX Our research was supported by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Fish and Ecology Unit, the USFS Logan Ranger District Office, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, the Watershed Sciences Department of Utah State University, and the U.S. Geological Survey (in kind). We thank the assistance of Jared Randall, Sara Seidel, Erika Tillotson, and Colin Cook for their help conducting redd surveys, and Ryan Lokteff and Martha Jensen for GIS assistance. This paper was greatly improved by comments provided by Joe Wheaton, Jeff Kershner, Bob Gresswell, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1033 EP 1046 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.938139 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT3AS UT WOS:000344807700016 ER PT J AU Bosch, J Fernandez-Beaskoetxea, S Scherer, RD Amburgey, SM Muths, E AF Bosch, Jaime Fernandez-Beaskoetxea, Saioa Scherer, Rick D. Amburgey, Staci M. Muths, Erin TI Demography of common toads after local extirpation of co-occurring midwife toads SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article DE Alytes obstetricans; Bufo bufo; capture-recapture; chytridiomycosis; Guadarrama National Park; Spain ID BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; CHYTRID FUNGUS; BUFO-BUFO; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; MARKED ANIMALS; ROBUST DESIGN; CENTRAL SPAIN; BOREAL TOADS; SURVIVAL AB Estimating demographic parameters like survival or recruitment provides insight into the state and trajectory of populations, but understanding the contexts influencing those parameters, including both biotic and abiotic factors, is particularly important for management and conservation. At a high elevation national park in Central Spain, common toads (Bufo bufo) are apparently taking advantage of the near-extirpation of the midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans), as colonization into new breeding ponds is evident. Within this scenario, we expected demographic parameters of common toad populations to be affected favorably by the putative release from competition. However, we found the population growth rate was negative in 4 of 5 years at the long-standing population; survival probability at the long-standing population and newly-colonised breeding ponds was lower than reported for other toads living at high elevations and the probability of recruitment was inadequate to compensate for the survival rate in maintaining a positive trajectory for either of the breeding ponds. We assessed weather covariates and disease for their contribution to the context thatmay be limiting the common toad's successful use of the niche vacated by the midwife toad. C1 [Bosch, Jaime; Fernandez-Beaskoetxea, Saioa] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Scherer, Rick D.; Amburgey, Staci M.; Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Scherer, Rick D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bosch, J (reprint author), CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM bosch@mncn.csic.es RI Bosch, Jaime/H-3042-2011; OI Bosch, Jaime/0000-0002-0099-7934 FU Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid; Fundacion General CSIC FX We thank J.A. Vielva, director of the Penalara Natural Park, and all people working at Guadarrama National Park and A. Diaz-Guerra, A. Rodriguez, O. Quiroga, B. Martin-Beyer and M. Beracoechea for assistance with fieldwork. Funding was provided by Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid, Fundacion General CSIC and Banco Santander. S.F.B. was supported by Biodiversa project RACE: Risk Assessment of Chytridiomycosis to European Amphibian Biodiversity. E. M. is supported by the US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). DNA standards for qPCR analyses were provided by Matthew Fisher from Imperial College London. Animal handling procedures were approved by Consejeria de Medio Ambiente, Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain. This is contribution no. 476 of the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Use of trade, product, or firm names descriptive and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 EI 1568-5381 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 3 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1163/15685381-00002952 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AT4BN UT WOS:000344883600003 ER PT J AU Weiskel, PK Wolock, DM Zarriello, PJ Vogel, RM Levin, SB Lent, RM AF Weiskel, P. K. Wolock, D. M. Zarriello, P. J. Vogel, R. M. Levin, S. B. Lent, R. M. TI Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CATCHMENT CLASSIFICATION; GLOBAL WATER; ANTHROPOCENE; RESOURCES; SCIENCE; STREAMFLOW; GREEN; BLUE AB Runoff-based indicators of terrestrial water availability are appropriate for humid regions, but have tended to limit our basic hydrologic understanding of drylands - the dry-subhumid, semiarid, and arid regions which presently cover nearly half of the global land surface. In response, we introduce an indicator framework that gives equal weight to humid and dryland regions, accounting fully for both vertical (precipitation + evapotranspiration) and horizontal (groundwater + surface-water) components of the hydrologic cycle in any given location - as well as fluxes into and out of landscape storage. We apply the framework to a diverse hydroclimatic region (the conterminous USA) using a distributed water-balance model consisting of 53 400 networked landscape hydrologic units. Our model simulations indicate that about 21% of the conterminous USA either generated no runoff or consumed runoff from upgradient sources on a mean-annual basis during the 20th century. Vertical fluxes exceeded horizontal fluxes across 76% of the conterminous area. Long-term-average total water availability (TWA) during the 20th century, defined here as the total influx to a landscape hydrologic unit from precipitation, groundwater, and surface water, varied spatially by about 400 000-fold, a range of variation similar to 100 times larger than that for mean-annual runoff across the same area. The framework includes but is not limited to classical, runoff-based approaches to water-resource assessment. It also incorporates and reinterprets the green-and blue-water perspective now gaining international acceptance. Implications of the new framework for several areas of contemporary hydrology are explored, and the data requirements of the approach are discussed in relation to the increasing availability of gridded global climate, land-surface, and hydrologic data sets. C1 [Weiskel, P. K.; Zarriello, P. J.; Vogel, R. M.; Levin, S. B.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Wolock, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Vogel, R. M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Lent, R. M.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Weiskel, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM pweiskel@usgs.gov RI Vogel, Richard/A-8513-2008 OI Vogel, Richard/0000-0001-9759-0024 FU US Geological Survey National Water Census, an initiative of the US Department of Interior WaterSMART Program FX We thank M. Falkenmark, J. Eggleston, D. Bjerklie, E. Douglas, R. Hooper, D. Armstrong, and two anonymous referees for insights, comments, and discussions. Funding support for this research was provided, in part, by the US Geological Survey National Water Census, an initiative of the US Department of Interior WaterSMART Program. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 10 BP 3855 EP 3872 DI 10.5194/hess-18-3855-2014 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AT1ZQ UT WOS:000344730300001 ER PT J AU Shukla, S McNally, A Husak, G Funk, C AF Shukla, S. McNally, A. Husak, G. Funk, C. TI A seasonal agricultural drought forecast system for food-insecure regions of East Africa SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGICALLY BASED DATASET; LAND INFORMATION-SYSTEM; WATER-BALANCE MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE; SURFACE FLUXES; GLOBAL RIVERS; INDIAN-OCEAN; PREDICTION; PREDICTABILITY AB The increasing food and water demands of East Africa's growing population are stressing the region's inconsistent water resources and rain-fed agriculture. More accurate seasonal agricultural drought forecasts for this region can inform better water and agropastoral management decisions, support optimal allocation of the region's water resources, and mitigate socioeconomic losses incurred by droughts and floods. Here we describe the development and implementation of a seasonal agricultural drought forecast system for East Africa (EA) that provides decision support for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network's (FEWS NET) science team. We evaluate this forecast system for a region of equatorial EA (2 degrees S-8 degrees N, 36-46 degrees E) for the March-April- May (MAM) growing season. This domain encompasses one of the most food-insecure, climatically variable, and socioeconomically vulnerable regions in EA, and potentially the world; this region has experienced famine as recently as 2011. To produce an "agricultural outlook", our forecast system simulates soil moisture (SM) scenarios using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model forced with climate scenarios describing the upcoming season. First, we forced the VIC model with high-quality atmospheric observations to produce baseline soil moisture (SM) estimates (here after referred as SM a posteriori estimates). These compared favorably (correlation = 0.75) with the water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI), an index that the FEWS NET uses to estimate crop yields. Next, we evaluated the SM forecasts generated by this system on 5 March and 5 April of each year between 1993 and 2012 by comparing them with the corresponding SM a posteriori estimates. We found that initializing SM forecasts with start-of-season (SOS) (5 March) SM conditions resulted in useful SM forecast skill (> 0.5 correlation) at 1-month and, in some cases, 3-month lead times. Similarly, when the forecast was initialized with midseason (i.e., 5 April) SM conditions, the skill of forecasting SM estimates until the end-of-season improved (correlation> 0.5 over several grid cells). We also found these SM forecasts to be more skillful than the ones generated using the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) method, which derives its hydrologic forecast skill solely from the knowledge of the initial hydrologic conditions. Finally, we show that, in terms of forecasting spatial patterns of SM anomalies, the skill of this agricultural drought forecast system is generally greater (> 0.8 correlation) during drought years (when standardized anomaly of MAM precipitation is below 0). This indicates that this system might be particularity useful for identifying drought events in this region and can support decision-making for mitigation or humanitarian assistance. C1 [Shukla, S.; McNally, A.; Husak, G.; Funk, C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Shukla, S.] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Funk, C.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [McNally, A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McNally, A.] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Shukla, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM shrad@geog.ucsb.edu FU Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) fellowship program; NOAA Climate Program Office; USAID's FEWS NET (USGS award) [G09AC00001]; NOAA Technical Transitions grant [NA11OAR4310151]; NASA SERVIR grant [NNH12ZDA001N] FX This research was supported by the Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) fellowship program, partially funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office and administered by the UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs. Additional support for this work was provided by the USAID's FEWS NET (USGS award #G09AC00001), NOAA Technical Transitions grant NA11OAR4310151 and NASA SERVIR grant NNH12ZDA001N. The authors would like to thank Diego Pedreros (USGS/UCSB) for his work on generating WRSI data. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 10 BP 3907 EP 3921 DI 10.5194/hess-18-3907-2014 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AT1ZQ UT WOS:000344730300004 ER PT J AU Hauptman, BS Barrows, FT Block, SS Gaylord, TG Paterson, JA Sealey, WM AF Hauptman, Blake S. Barrows, Frederic T. Block, Stephanie S. Gaylord, T. Gibson Paterson, John A. Sealey, Wendy M. TI Potential for a Mycotoxin Deactivator to Improve Growth and Performance of Rainbow Trout fed High Levels of an Ethanol Industry Co-Product, Grain Distiller's Dried Yeast SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-BASED DIETS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FISH-MEAL; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; FUMONISIN B-1; SUNSHINE BASS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Coproducts from the production of fuel ethanol may have the potential to be used as protein sources for Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss if dietary supplementation strategies that can maintain fish performance can be identified. A random sample of one such coproduct, grain distiller's dried yeast (GDDY), contained detectable levels of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonsin B1, and fumonsin B3. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test whether growth performance of Rainbow Trout fed GDDY could be improved by dietary supplementation of a mycotoxin deactivator (Mycofix Plus). The study was conducted as a 2 x 3 factorial design in which there were two levels of mycotoxin deactivator (0.1% or 0%) and three levels of GDDY inclusion (0, 15, and 30%). All diets were formulated to include 42% digestible protein and 20% crude lipid and were balanced for lysine, methionine, threonine, and total phosphorus. Juvenile Rainbow Trout (average initial body weight, 26.4 +/- 0.9 g [mean +/- SD]) were stocked at 15 fish per tank, three replicates per diet, and were fed twice daily for 12 weeks. Grain distiller's dried yeast inclusion at 15% and 30% of the diet reduced the growth of Rainbow Trout (P = 0.0010). In contrast, no significant differences in feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed for Rainbow Trout fed diets having the 0% and 15% GDDY inclusion levels. However, increased feed intake (P = 0.0002) and FCR (P = 0.0002) were observed in Rainbow Trout fed the 30% GDDY diet. Only minor trends of increased fish growth (P = 0.0773) and protein (P = 0.0527) and energy (P = 0.0538) retention were observed when mycotoxin deactivator was supplemented regardless of yeast inclusion. These results suggest that there are minor benefits of myctoxin deactivator supplementation to Rainbow Trout diets where mycotoxin contamination may be suspected but was independent of GDDY inclusion level. C1 [Hauptman, Blake S.; Gaylord, T. Gibson; Sealey, Wendy M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Hauptman, Blake S.; Paterson, John A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] USDA ARS, Trout Grains Project, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Block, Stephanie S.] Archer Daniels Midland Res, Decatur, IL 62521 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM wendy_sealey@fws.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2014 VL 76 IS 4 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.902891 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT2AD UT WOS:000344732100001 ER PT J AU Kavanagh, M Olson, DE AF Kavanagh, Maureen Olson, Douglas E. TI The Effects of Rearing Density on Growth, Fin Erosion, Survival, and Migration Behavior of Hatchery Winter Steelhead SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; TO-ADULT SURVIVAL; CUTTHROAT TROUT; KEOGH RIVER; RELEASE; RETURNS; LENGTH; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; COLUMBIA AB Juvenile winter steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss at Eagle Creek National Fish Hatchery in Estacada, Oregon, were reared for three brood years (2004-2006) at raceway densities of 7,500 (214 fish/m(3)), 15,000 (429 fish/m(3)), and 22,500 fish (643 fish/m(3)) to determine the effects of rearing density on growth, fin erosion, survival, adult yield, and migration behavior. Coded wire tags were used to evaluate adult survival, and fish were radio-tagged to monitor migration times from the hatchery to the mouth of Eagle Creek following volitional release from the hatchery. We found rearing density had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on steelhead growth, fin erosion, and adult survival. Winter steelhead reared in low-density raceways (13.6 kg/m(3) at release) were significantly larger at release, larger at return, had significantly better dorsal fin condition, and had significantly greater smolt-to-adult survival rates than did those reared in medium (23.4 kg/m(3)) and high (35.2 kg/m(3)) density raceways. No significant relationship between smolt size at release and migration timing was detected; however, the effect of rearing density on fish migration was noticeable in brood year 2004. In that year (2004), smolts from the medium-and high-density groups took from 6 to 15 d longer to out-migrate than those from the low-density group. C1 [Kavanagh, Maureen; Olson, Douglas E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Kavanagh, M (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 Southeast Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM maureen_kavanagh@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Mitchell Act FX We thank Doug Dysart, Steve Turner, Larry Telles, and all the staff at Eagle Creek National Fish Hatchery for the production of fish used in this study, and Columbia River Fisheries Program Office and hatchery staff assistance with sampling juveniles and returning adult fish. We also thank Eric Pelton and staff at the Lower Columbia River Fish Health Center who performed health examinations on the test fish and sampled juvenile fish for dorsal fin height. A special thanks to Jesse Rivera and the fish tagging crew from the Columbia River Fisheries Program Office who supervised the tagging operations and the recovering and decoding coded wire tags from adult returns. Steve Pastor helped with data management and Julianne Harris provided analytical advice. We also thank the reviewers and editor of this journal. This study was supported through funding by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Mitchell Act. References to trade names do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2014 VL 76 IS 4 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.920747 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT2AD UT WOS:000344732100004 ER PT J AU Hudson, JM Kavanagh, M Castle, S Silver, B AF Hudson, J. Michael Kavanagh, Maureen Castle, Shawna Silver, Brook TI Lack of Effect on Embryo Mortality and Fry Growth from Adult Coho Salmon Subjected to Electronarcosis Prior to Spawning SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ELECTRICAL ANESTHESIA; INVENTORY PROCEDURES; CORTISOL-LEVELS; HATCHERY FISH; ELECTROANESTHESIA; IMMOBILIZATION; ELECTROSHOCK; PIMELODIDAE AB The use of electronarcosis as a fish immobilization technique has reemerged in recent years. Previous studies have investigated behavioral effects of the technique. But investigations of the physical and physiological effects on fish of electrical immobilization have focused on different electrical waveforms or higher power densities than are used for electronarcosis. This study was designed to determine whether there was a significant negative effect on embryo survival or fry growth among the progeny of adult Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch immobilized by electronarcosis prior to spawning as compared with being immobilized by tricaine methanesulfonate or not being immobilized at all (control). Embryo mortality in family lots ranged from 0.67% to 55.05%, with no statistically significant differences among the treatments and the control. There were significant differences in the size of fry from adults subjected to electronarcosis rather than the other two treatments, but in all cases the fry from adults treated with electronarcosis were larger. These findings support the continued use of electronarcosis as a fish immobilization technique. C1 [Hudson, J. Michael; Kavanagh, Maureen; Silver, Brook] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Castle, Shawna] US Bur Reclamat, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Hudson, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM michael_hudson@fws.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2014 VL 76 IS 4 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.920750 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT2AD UT WOS:000344732100006 ER PT J AU Glenn, RA Gannam, AL LaPatra, SE AF Glenn, Richard A. Gannam, Ann L. LaPatra, Scott E. TI The Lack of Effectiveness of Rosemary Oil on Fish Feed in Controlling Bacterial Cold-Water Disease in Rainbow Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ROSMARINUS-OFFICINALIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTICS; INFECTION; INNATE; DIGESTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENT; FINFISH AB Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis oil has shown potential for use as a phytobiotic fish feed supplement with antioxidant properties that can inhibit the growth of Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the pathogen that causes bacterial cold-water disease (BCWD). To determine the in vivo effectiveness of rosemary oil in preventing or minimizing BCWD, Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were fed commercial feed top-coated with one of two concentrations of rosemary oil (1% or 3% of the feed) or a control diet for 14 d. Fish from each feed treatment were then challenged with one of two doses of F. psychrophilum via subcutaneous injection, and mortality was monitored for 28 d. In both F. psychrophilum challenges, fish treated with feed coated with rosemary oil at the 1% and 3% levels experienced significantly higher mortality than fish treated with only soybean oil-coated feed. While the use of rosemary oil as a top-coat on feed increased mortality among Rainbow Trout subjected to a disease challenge in the current study, the mechanism for this result has not been established. C1 [Glenn, Richard A.; Gannam, Ann L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [LaPatra, Scott E.] Clear Springs Foods, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. RP Glenn, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM richard_glenn@fws.gov FU Clear Springs Foods FX We thank Clear Springs Foods for the use of their health laboratory facilities and staff for undertaking the study challenge, and for funding the data collection and reporting for the study. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2014 VL 76 IS 4 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.920749 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT2AD UT WOS:000344732100008 ER PT J AU Hand, DM Brignon, WR Olson, DE AF Hand, David M. Brignon, William R. Olson, Douglas E. TI Adult Recovery of Hatchery Spring Chinook Salmon Adipose Fin-Clipped and Coded-Wire-Tagged Using an Automated and Manual Marking Trailer SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID TAGS AB Marking and tagging fish is a critical component of many hatchery monitoring and evaluation programs, and coded wire tags are part of the foundation for managing Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. Fin-clipping and coded-wire-tagging large numbers of juvenile salmonids is done either by hand or by using an automated tagging trailer system. We compared the hatchery adult recovery rate of spring Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha marked and tagged as juveniles by manual and automated tagging trailers at Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery (NFH) and Carson NFH. At Warm Springs NFH, the adult recovery rate for fish marked in the automated trailer was 0.16%, compared with a recovery rate of 0.14% for fish marked in the manual trailer. A fish was 1.17 times more likely to be recovered as an adult at the hatchery if marked in an automated trailer. Coded wire tag retention rates were more variable for manually marked fish. At Carson NFH, there was no difference in recovery rate or coded wire tag retention rate between marking trailers. These data suggest that the automated marking procedure does not reduce adult recovery rates from the time of marking to adult return when compared with manual marking. The lower recovery rate of manually marked fish at Warm Springs NFH may have been due to manual marker inexperience, use of anesthetic, or other factors. Additional information on the implications of differential coded wire tag retention and adult survival related to marking methods is necessary for hatchery managers to make decisions on how to mark and tag their fish. C1 [Hand, David M.; Brignon, William R.; Olson, Douglas E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Hand, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 Southeast Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM david_hand@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; NOAA-Fisheries (Mitchell Act) FX The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Columbia River Fisheries Program Office Marking Program was instrumental in implementing this evaluation. Jesse Rivera provided valuable coordination and advice in developing this study. Steve Pastor provided database support and summary data for the hatchery tagging and recovery components of the analysis, and Julianne Harris provided statistical advice and a review of an earlier draft of this manuscript. The staff at Carson and Warm Springs NFHs were extremely helpful in assisting in the collection and processing of the adult returns. We also appreciate the anonymous reviewers and journal editors who make the peer review process work. This study was supported through funding by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and NOAA-Fisheries (Mitchell Act). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2014 VL 76 IS 4 BP 364 EP 368 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.920753 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT2AD UT WOS:000344732100009 ER PT J AU Gaikowski, MP Schleis, SM Leis, E Lasee, BA Endris, RG AF Gaikowski, Mark P. Schleis, Susan M. Leis, Eric Lasee, Becky A. Endris, Richard G. TI Effectiveness of Aquaflor (50% Florfenicol) Administered in Feed to Control Mortality Associated with Streptococcus iniae in Tilapia at a Commercial Tilapia Production Facility SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS L.; NILE TILAPIA; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; SUNSHINE BASS; FRESH-WATER; FISH; INFECTION; EFFICACY; VACCINE; SAFETY AB The efficacy of Aquaflor (florfenicol; FFC) to control mortality caused by Streptococcus iniae in tilapia was evaluated under field conditions. The trial was initiated following presumptive diagnosis of S. iniae infection in a mixed group of fingerling (mean, 4.5 g) Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and a hybrid of Nile Tilapia x Blue Tilapia O. aureus. Diagnoses included mortality in source tank; examination of clinical signs and presence or absence of gram-positive cocci in brain, and collection of samples for microbiological review and disease confirmation of 60 moribund fish. Following presumptive diagnosis, tilapia (83/tank) were randomly transferred to each of 20 test tanks receiving the same water as the source tank (test tank water was not reused). Tilapia were offered either nonmedicated control feed or FFC-medicated feed (FFC at 15 mg/kg body weight/d; 10 tanks per regimen) for 10 consecutive days followed by a 14-d observation period during which only the nonmedicated control feed was offered. Streptococcus iniae was presumptively identified during pretreatment necropsy and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction assay; S. iniae was confirmed in samples taken during the dosing period but was not detected during the postdosing period. The FFC disk diffusion zone of inhibition ranged from 29 to 32 mm, while the minimum inhibitory concentration of FFC ranged from 2 to 4 mu g/mL for the S. iniae isolates collected. Survival of tilapia assigned to the FFC-dose group was significantly greater at 14 d posttreatment than that of the nonmedicated controls. The odds of tilapia assigned to the FFC-dose group surviving to the end of the postdosing period were 1.34 times the odds of survival of tilapia assigned to the nonmedicated control group. There were no clinically apparent adverse effects associated with the administration of FFC-medicated feed in this study. C1 [Gaikowski, Mark P.; Schleis, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Leis, Eric; Lasee, Becky A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Endris, Richard G.] Merck Anim Hlth, Summit, NJ 07901 USA. RP Gaikowski, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM mgaikowski@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU Merck Animal Health FX The authors would like to thank the entire staff of the farm where this trial was conducted for their untiring assistance and support during this field efficacy trial. The study would not have been possible without their support. The authors also thank Diane Sweeney for her statistical analyses, Kristen Dzuibinski for laboratory assistance, and Maren Tuttle-Lau for her excellent proofing skills. Last, the authors thank Merck Animal Health for funding this study. The data summarized in this manuscript were accepted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as pivotal evidence of the effectiveness of FFC-mediated feed to control mortality in tilapia due to streptococcosis associated with S. iniae. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2014 VL 76 IS 4 BP 375 EP 382 DI 10.1080/15222055.2013.855283 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT2AD UT WOS:000344732100011 ER PT J AU Sutherland, JL Manny, BA Kennedy, G Roseman, EF Allen, J Black, MG AF Sutherland, Jenny L. Manny, Bruce A. Kennedy, Gregory Roseman, Edward F. Allen, Jeffrey Black, M. Glen TI A Portable Freshwater Closed-System Fish Egg Incubation System SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID LAKE STURGEON; CULTURE AB To identify fish eggs collected in the field to species, a portable closed-system fish egg incubation system was designed and used to incubate and hatch the eggs in the laboratory. The system is portable, small in scale (2.54 x 1.52 x 2.03 m), and affordable, with the approximate cost of the system being US$8,300 (2012). The main tank is 678 L and holds a battery of up to 21 (egg) incubation jars. The system includes three independent water pumping systems to (1) provide aerated water to hatching jars, (2) filter and sterilize incubation water, and (3) provide temperature-controlled water in the main tank bath and the incubation jars. The system was successfully used to incubate freshwater fish eggs to raise resulting larvae to the post-yolk-sac stage for three seasons (spring 2012, spring 2013, and fall 2013) over two consecutive years, at two different locations, enabling us to identify fish eggs to species by providing identifiable fish larvae from incubated fish eggs. C1 [Sutherland, Jenny L.; Manny, Bruce A.; Kennedy, Gregory; Roseman, Edward F.; Allen, Jeffrey; Black, M. Glen] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Sutherland, Jenny L.] Michigan State Univ, Cooperat Ecosyst Serv Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project Template 70 "Developing Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor"; USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX The authors are grateful to Charlie Wootke, Thaddeus Gibson, and Scott McIlhargey of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Alan Sutton and Kevin Wehrly with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Institute for Fisheries Research for providing support and laboratory space for the incubation system during its second year of use. This project was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project Template 70 "Developing Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor" and the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. This is contribution number 1858 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by USGS. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2014 VL 76 IS 4 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.933751 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT2AD UT WOS:000344732100013 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, P Fend, SV Lenat, DR AF Rodriguez, Pilar Fend, Steven V. Lenat, David R. TI Sylphella puccoon gen. n., sp n. and two additional new species of aquatic oligochaetes (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata) from poorly-known lotic habitats in North Carolina (USA) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Lumbriculids; biodiversity; acidic waters; pocosin soils; North America ID UNITED-STATES; ANNELIDA; AMERICA; SYSTEMATICS AB Three new species of Lumbriculidae were collected from floodplain seeps and small streams in southeastern North America. Some of these habitats are naturally acidic. Sylphella puccoon gen. n., sp. n. has prosoporous male ducts in X-XI, and spermathecae in XII-XIII. Muscular, spherical atrial ampullae and acuminate penial sheaths distinguish this monotypic new genus from other lumbriculid genera having similar arrangements of reproductive organs. Cookidrilus pocosinus sp. n. resembles its two subterranean, Palearctic congeners in the arrangement of reproductive organs, but is easily distinguished by the position of the spermathecal pores in front of the chaetae in X-XIII. Stylodrilus coreyi sp. n. differs from congeners having simple-pointed chaetae and elongate atria primarily by the structure of the male duct and the large clusters of prostate cells. Streams and wetlands of Southeastern USA have a remarkably high diversity of endemic lumbriculids, and these poorly-known invertebrates should be considered in conservation efforts. C1 [Rodriguez, Pilar] Univ Basque Country, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Zool & Anim Cell Biol, Bilbao 48080, Spain. [Fend, Steven V.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lenat, David R.] Lenat Consulting, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. RP Rodriguez, P (reprint author), Univ Basque Country, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Zool & Anim Cell Biol, Bilbao 48080, Spain. EM pilar.rodriguez@ehu.es FU Basque Government [GIU10/140] FX We are grateful to Dr Akifumi Ohtaka for putting at our disposal Yamaguchi's histological preparations of Lumbriculus japonicus, as well as a specimen of Styloscolex japonicus. We thank Mark Wetzel and Christer Erseus for valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was made possible for the first author thanks to a sabbatical permit of the University of the Basque Country (from October 2010 to September 2011), partially supported by the Basque Government research project GIU10/140, and to Cindy Brown for providing access to laboratory facilities at the US Geological Survey Menlo Park campus (CA, USA) during P. Rodriguez's sabbatical period. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2014 IS 451 BP 1 EP 32 DI 10.3897/zookeys.451.7304 PG 32 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AT0SA UT WOS:000344644000001 PM 25493045 ER PT J AU Lee, M Malyshev, S Shevliakova, E Milly, PCD Jaffe, PR AF Lee, M. Malyshev, S. Shevliakova, E. Milly, P. C. D. Jaffe, P. R. TI Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHEASTERN USA; EARTH-SYSTEM; FRESH-WATER; SOIL; NITRATE; CARBON; EXPORT; EUTROPHICATION; ACIDIFICATION AB We developed a process model LM3-TAN to assess the combined effects of direct human influences and climate change on terrestrial and aquatic nitrogen (TAN) cycling. The model was developed by expanding NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land model LM3V-N of coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen (C-N) cycling and including new N cycling processes and inputs such as a soil denitrification, point N sources to streams (i.e., sewage), and stream transport and microbial processes. Because the model integrates ecological, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes, it captures key controls of the transport and fate of N in the vegetation-soil-river system in a comprehensive and consistent framework which is responsive to climatic variations and land-use changes. We applied the model at 1/8 degrees resolution for a study of the Susquehanna River Basin. We simulated with LM3-TAN stream dissolved organic-N, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N loads throughout the river network, and we evaluated the modeled loads for 1986-2005 using data from 16 monitoring stations as well as a reported budget for the entire basin. By accounting for interannual hydrologic variability, the model was able to capture interannual variations of stream N loadings. While the model was calibrated with the stream N loads only at the last downstream Susquehanna River Basin Commission station Marietta (40 degrees 02' N, 76 degrees 32' W), it captured the N loads well at multiple locations within the basin with different climate regimes, land-use types, and associated N sources and transformations in the sub-basins. Furthermore, the calculated and previously reported N budgets agreed well at the level of the whole Susquehanna watershed. Here we illustrate how point and non-point N sources contributing to the various ecosystems are stored, lost, and exported via the river. Local analysis of six sub-basins showed combined effects of land use and climate on soil denitrification rates, with the highest rates in the Lower Susquehanna Sub-Basin (extensive agriculture; Atlantic coastal climate) and the lowest rates in the West Branch Susquehanna Sub-Basin (mostly forest; Great Lakes and Midwest climate). In the re-growing secondary forests, most of the N from non-point sources was stored in the vegetation and soil, but in the agricultural lands most N inputs were removed by soil denitrification, indicating that anthropogenic N applications could drive substantial increase of N2O emission, an intermediate of the denitrification process. C1 [Lee, M.; Jaffe, P. R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Malyshev, S.; Shevliakova, E.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM minjinl@princeton.edu; jaffe@princeton.edu FU Fulbright Scholarship; Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton University through the Mary and Randall Hack '69 Research Fund; Korean National Institute of Environmental Research; NOAA (US Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; USDA [2011-67003-30373] FX Support for M. Lee was provided by a Fulbright Scholarship, by the Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton University through the Mary and Randall Hack '69 Research Fund, and by the Korean National Institute of Environmental Research. E. Shevliakova and S. Malyshev acknowledge support in part from the NOAA (US Department of Commerce) grant NA08OAR4320752 and the USDA grant 2011-67003-30373. The statements, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the US Department of Commerce, or the US Department of Agriculture. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 20 BP 5809 EP 5826 DI 10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AT0UD UT WOS:000344649300010 ER PT J AU Easton, RM Catuneanu, O Donovan, AD Fluegeman, RH Hamblin, AP Harper, H Lasca, NP Morrow, JR Orndorff, RC Sadler, P Scott, RW Tew, BH AF Easton, Robert M. Catuneanu, Octavian Donovan, Art D. Fluegeman, Richard H. Hamblin, A. P. (Tony) Harper, Howard Lasca, Norman P. Morrow, Jared R. Orndorff, Randall C. Sadler, Peter Scott, Robert W. Tew, Berry H. (Nick) TI North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature Note 66: Records of Stratigraphic Commission, 2003-2013 SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID IUG COMMON DEFINITION; CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS; PLEISTOCENE SERIES/EPOCH; QUATERNARY SYSTEM/PERIOD; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; GEOLOGIC TIME; RECOMMENDATIONS; REDEFINITION; CONVENTION; SCALE AB Note 66 summarizes activities of the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature (NACSN) from November 2003 to October 2013 and is condensed from the minutes of the NACSN's 58th to 68th annual meetings(1). The purposes of the Commission are to develop statements of stratigraphic principles, recommend procedures applicable to the classification and nomenclature of stratigraphic and related units, review problems in classifying and naming stratigraphic and related units, and formulate expressions of judgment on these matters. The Commission's activities during this period can be divided into five main categories: 1. REVISIONS AND AMENDMENTS TO THE NORTH AMERICAN STRATIGRAPHIC CODE (NACSN, 2005), 2. INTERACTION WITH OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, PRIMARILY OTHER GROUPS FOCUSSED ON STRATIGRAPHY AND STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE, 3. DISCUSSION OF ISSUES RELATED TO STRATIGRAPHY, CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY, AND GEOLOGICAL TIME-SCALES, 4. OUTREACH ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE DISCUSSION AND PROMOTION OF THE SCIENCE OF STRATIGRAPHY AND THE APPLICATION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN STRATIGRAPHIC CODE, AND 5. COMMISSION BUSINESS. IN ADDITION, TWO RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE COMMISSION DURING THIS PERIOD ARE INCLUDED AS APPENDIX 1 AND 2. 1 Available on request from the NACSN archivist N. P. Lasca, Lapham Hall, 3209 North Maryland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211. C1 [Easton, Robert M.] Ontario Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Geosci Mapping Sect, Sudbury, ON P3E 6B5, Canada. [Catuneanu, Octavian] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Donovan, Art D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fluegeman, Richard H.] Ball State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Hamblin, A. P. (Tony)] Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada. [Harper, Howard] Soc Sedimentary Geol, Tulsa, OK 74135 USA. [Lasca, Norman P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Morrow, Jared R.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Orndorff, Randall C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Sadler, Peter] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Scott, Robert W.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Geosci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Tew, Berry H. (Nick)] Geol Survey Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 USA. RP Easton, RM (reprint author), Ontario Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Geosci Mapping Sect, 933 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON P3E 6B5, Canada. EM mike.easton@ontario.ca; octavian.catuneanu@ualberta.ca; donovan@bp.com; rfluegem@bsu.edu; Tony.Hamblin@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca; hharper@sepm.org; nplasca@uwm.edu; rorndorf@usgs.gov; peter.sadler@ucr.edu; robert-scott@utulsa.edu; ntew@gsa.state.al.us OI Easton, Robert Michael/0000-0001-6550-0004; Sadler, Peter/0000-0002-7728-0042 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICRO PRESS PI FLUSHING PA 6530 KISSENA BLVD, FLUSHING, NY 11367 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2014 VL 11 IS 2 BP 143 EP 157 PG 15 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA AS5HX UT WOS:000344303400002 ER PT S AU Wadman, HM McNinch, JE Foxgrover, A AF Wadman, Heidi M. McNinch, Jesse E. Foxgrover, Amy BE Harmon, RS Baker, SE McDonald, EV TI Environmental metrics for assessing optimal littoral penetration points and beach staging locations: Amphibious training grounds, Onslow Beach, North Carolina, USA SO MILITARY GEOSCIENCES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SHORE-OBLIQUE SANDBARS; GRAVEL OUTCROPS; OUTER BANKS; NEARSHORE; MORPHOLOGY; VARIABILITY; HOTSPOTS; EROSION; PROFILE; GEOLOGY AB The dynamic nature of coastal morphology and oceanographic conditions poses a particular challenge to transporting personnel and equipment across a land-sea interface, e. g., locating the position of potentially hazardous bathymetric features, and assessing the stability of beach staging areas over time scales ranging from hours to months. In addition, feedbacks among (1) nearshore bathymetry, (2) waves and nearshore circulation, and (3) underlying geology directly affect the morphology of the adjacent beach as well as the shoreline's response to storm events, resulting in localized erosional "hotspots." These hotspots are potentially hazardous for equipment and personnel staging along the beach, but they are not easily identifiable from a time-series of aerial photographs alone. We identify several environmental metrics necessary for the reliable prediction of potential coastal landing and staging hazards, including: (1) nearshore bathymetric gradients, (2) nearshore sediment volume, and (3) changes in shoreline and vegetation line position. Coupled with a quantitative understanding of the relevant coastal processes, these data allow an assessment of potential nearshore bathymetric hazards and realistic predictions of short-term shoreline stability and thus suitability for the temporary staging of equipment and personnel. These metrics are applied to Onslow Beach, North Carolina, Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, the largest amphibious training ground in the United States, and they are used to identify potential amphibious transit and staging hazards along the entire coastal zone, from the beach out to similar to 11 m water depth. C1 [Wadman, Heidi M.; McNinch, Jesse E.] US Army Corps Engineers Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. [Wadman, Heidi M.; McNinch, Jesse E.; Foxgrover, Amy] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Foxgrover, Amy] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 95060 USA. RP Wadman, HM (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4122-2 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2014 VL 22 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1130/2014.4122(17) D2 10.1130/9780813741222 PG 17 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BB4TW UT WOS:000343323900018 ER PT J AU Miller, BW Morisette, JT AF Miller, Brian W. Morisette, Jeffrey T. TI Integrating research tools to support the management of social-ecological systems under climate change SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE agent-based modeling; complex-adaptive systems; natural resource management; scenario planning; simulations; species distribution modeling; state-and-transition modeling ID AGENT-BASED MODEL; NGORONGORO-CONSERVATION-AREA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; TRANSITION MODELS; LAND-USE; MANAGING BIODIVERSITY; SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; COMPLEXITY THEORY AB Developing resource management strategies in the face of climate change is complicated by the considerable uncertainty associated with projections of climate and its impacts and by the complex interactions between social and ecological variables. The broad, interconnected nature of this challenge has resulted in calls for analytical frameworks that integrate research tools and can support natural resource management decision making in the face of uncertainty and complex interactions. We respond to this call by first reviewing three methods that have proven useful for climate change research, but whose application and development have been largely isolated: species distribution modeling, scenario planning, and simulation modeling. Species distribution models provide data-driven estimates of the future distributions of species of interest, but they face several limitations and their output alone is not sufficient to guide complex decisions for how best to manage resources given social and economic considerations along with dynamic and uncertain future conditions. Researchers and managers are increasingly exploring potential futures of social-ecological systems through scenario planning, but this process often lacks quantitative response modeling and validation procedures. Simulation models are well placed to provide added rigor to scenario planning because of their ability to reproduce complex system dynamics, but the scenarios and management options explored in simulations are often not developed by stakeholders, and there is not a clear consensus on how to include climate model outputs. We see these strengths and weaknesses as complementarities and offer an analytical framework for integrating these three tools. We then describe the ways in which this framework can help shift climate change research from useful to usable. C1 [Miller, Brian W.; Morisette, Jeffrey T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Interior North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Miller, BW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Interior North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Miller, Brian/D-3005-2016; OI Miller, Brian/0000-0003-1716-1161 FU U.S. Geological Survey's North Central Climate Science Center FX We are grateful to William Travis, Robin O'Malley, and several anonymous reviewers for their comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's North Central Climate Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 97 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 38 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 3 AR 41 DI 10.5751/ES-06813-190341 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR0GH UT WOS:000343247200043 ER PT J AU Huber, CG Grabowski, TB Patino, R Pope, KL AF Huber, Caleb G. Grabowski, Timothy B. Patino, Reynaldo Pope, Kevin L. TI Distribution and Habitat Associations of Juvenile Common Snook in the Lower Rio Grande, Texas SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CENTROPOMUS-UNDECIMALIS; FLORIDA; FISHES; MATURATION; AGE AB Common Snook Centropomus undecimalis were once abundant off the Texas coast, but these populations are now characterized by low abundance and erratic recruitment. Most research concerning Common Snook in North America has been conducted in Florida and very little is known about the specific biology and habitat needs of Common Snook in Texas. The primary objective of this study was to describe the habitat use patterns of juvenile Common Snook and their role in the fish assemblage in the lower portion of the Rio Grande, Texas. Secondarily, we documented the relationship between age and juvenile reproductive development. Fish were collected during January-March 2006 from the lower 51.5 km of the Rio Grande using a bottom trawl and boat-mounted electrofisher. Measurements of water quality and other habitat traits were recorded at each sampling site. We captured 225 Common Snook exclusively in freshwater habitats above river kilometer 12.9. The distribution of juvenile Common Snook was not random, but influenced primarily by turbidity and dissolved oxygen. Sex differentiation and gonadal development based on histological examination of gonads established that age-1 and age-2 Common Snook were juvenile, prepubertal males. There was no difference between the age groups in their overall distribution in the river. However, age-2 Common Snook were associated with deeper areas with faster currents, higher conductivity, and steeper banks. Overall, Common Snook in the lower Rio Grande show substantial differences in habitat use than their counterparts in other parts of the range of the species, but it is unclear whether this is due to differences in habitat availability, behavioral plasticity, or some combination thereof. C1 [Huber, Caleb G.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Grabowski, Timothy B.; Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM t.grabowski@ttu.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU U.S. Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; USAID Aquaculture CRSP; Department of Natural Resources Management at Texas Tech University FX We thank T. Brown, B. Peterson, B. Sharma and the staff of Texas Parks and Wildlife Coastal Division-Brownsville for their assistance in the field and laboratory. R. Blankinship, W. Contreras, M. Fisher, A.M. Landry Jr., and S.P. Young provided comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this manuscript that greatly improved the final product. Funding for this research was provided by grants from the U.S. Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and USAID Aquaculture CRSP. Additional financial support (assistantship to CGH) was provided by the Department of Natural Resources Management at Texas Tech University. Cooperating agencies for the Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are the U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife, the Wildlife Management Institute and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Cooperating agencies for the Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the Wildlife Management Institute and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1080/19425120.2014.920744 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6MN UT WOS:000343697600014 ER PT J AU Nakov, T Ruck, EC Galachyants, Y Spaulding, SA Theriot, EC AF Nakov, Teofil Ruck, Elizabeth C. Galachyants, Yuri Spaulding, Sarah A. Theriot, Edward C. TI Molecular phylogeny of the Cymbellales (Bacillariophyceae, Heterokontophyta) with a comparison of models for accommodating rate variation across sites SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Across-site rate variation; Alignment partitioning; Cymbella; Cymbopleura; Diatoms; Geissleria; Gomphonema; Phylogeny; Placoneis ID NAVICULOID DIATOMS BACILLARIOPHYTA; FRESH-WATER; BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETICS; SYSTEMATICS; INFERENCE; CLASSIFICATION; ALIGNMENTS; CHARACTERS; EVOLUTION; PLACONEIS AB We reconstructed the phylogeny of representatives from nine genera and three families of the Cymbellales using two nuclear and three chloroplast genes. After rooting with Anomoeoneis, Placoneis was found as sister to a clade composed of Cymbella, Cymbopleura, Encyonema, Gomphonema, and Gomphoneis. The latter group was divided into lineages with mainly heteropolar and dorsiventral valve symmetry. The data and chloroplast morphology also supported a close relationship between Geissleria decussis and Placoneis. Expectedly, the sequenced genes exhibited substantial across-site rate variation (ASRV) that prompted us to assess the stability of the inferred relationships in the face of different approaches for modelling ASRV. While the overall topology remained stable across analyses, relationships between Cymbella and Cymbopleura and within one clade of Gomphonema varied dependent on the employed model. In some cases a strongly supported relationship in one analysis was not recovered by another that differed solely in how the data were partitioned. These topological fluctuations appeared in areas of the tree with the least balanced taxon sampling, and they altered the outcomes of phylogenetic hypotheses tests of monophyly. Assessing how different models for ASRV affect tree topology and clade support values, therefore, seems important in cases of sparse or unbalanced taxon sampling or when assessing the phylogenetic affinity of previously unsampled taxa when lineage-specific biases in base composition or evolutionary rate are more difficult to detect. C1 [Nakov, Teofil; Theriot, Edward C.] Univ Texas Austin, Plant Biol Grad Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ruck, Elizabeth C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Galachyants, Yuri] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Limnol Inst, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Spaulding, Sarah A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Theriot, Edward C.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Nat Sci Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Nakov, T (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Plant Biol Grad Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM teofil@utexas.edu FU NSF [ATOL AToL0629564]; Blumberg fellowship; USGS/NPS [NRPP 141338]; Plant Biology Graduate program (UT Austin) FX TN and ECT thank the members of the Department of Cell Ultrastructure at the Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Irkutsk, Russia) for their warm welcome and invaluable assistance in the field and laboratory. TN and ECT are especially grateful to Drs Michael A. Grachev and Yelena Likhoshway for their logistic support of this study. Tanya and Sergey Shishlyannikov, Asya Kostykovskaya, and Volodya Bulatov offered companionship and field assistance around Lake Baikal. Matt Ashworth and Sandra Pelc helped with scanning electron microscopy and data collection, respectively. The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu). This study was partially funded by NSF ATOL AToL0629564 (ECT), Blumberg fellowship (ECT), and USGS/NPS NRPP 141338 (SAS). TN thanks the Plant Biology Graduate program (UT Austin) for student research scholarships. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PY 2014 VL 53 IS 4 BP 359 EP 373 DI 10.2216/14-002.1 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AS1UQ UT WOS:000344067800006 ER PT S AU Aiken, G AF Aiken, George BE Coble, PG Lead, J Baker, A Reynolds, DM Spencer, RGM TI Fluorescence and Dissolved Organic Matter: A Chemist's Perspective SO AQUATIC ORGANIC MATTER FLUORESCENCE SE CAMBRIDGE ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY SERIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; FULVIC-ACID; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NATURAL-WATERS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SALICYLIC-ACID C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Aiken, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 180 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-0243 BN 978-0-521-76461-2 J9 CAMB ENV CH JI Camb. Environ. Chem. Ser. PY 2014 BP 35 EP 74 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139045452 PG 40 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BB3TN UT WOS:000343046000003 ER PT S AU Conmy, RN Del Castillo, CE Downing, BD Chen, RF AF Conmy, Robyn N. Del Castillo, Carlos E. Downing, Bryan D. Chen, Robert F. BE Coble, PG Lead, J Baker, A Reynolds, DM Spencer, RGM TI Experimental Design and Quality Assurance: In Situ Fluorescence Instrumentation SO AQUATIC ORGANIC MATTER FLUORESCENCE SE CAMBRIDGE ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY SERIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS; WATER RAMAN BACKSCATTER; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NATURAL-WATERS; RIVER PLUME; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; COASTAL WATERS C1 [Conmy, Robyn N.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Del Castillo, Carlos E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Downing, Bryan D.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Chen, Robert F.] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Conmy, RN (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-0243 BN 978-0-521-76461-2 J9 CAMB ENV CH JI Camb. Environ. Chem. Ser. PY 2014 BP 190 EP 230 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139045452 PG 41 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BB3TN UT WOS:000343046000007 ER PT S AU Gabor, RS Baker, A McKnight, DM Miller, MP AF Gabor, Rachel S. Baker, Andy McKnight, Diane M. Miller, Matthew P. BE Coble, PG Lead, J Baker, A Reynolds, DM Spencer, RGM TI Fluorescence Indices and Their Interpretation SO AQUATIC ORGANIC MATTER FLUORESCENCE SE CAMBRIDGE ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY SERIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INNER-FILTERING CORRECTION; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; HUMIFICATION INDEX; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; FULVIC-ACIDS; ALPINE LAKE; REDOX STATE C1 [Gabor, Rachel S.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gabor, Rachel S.; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baker, Andy] Univ New S Wales, Connected Waters Initiat Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, Matthew P.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. RP Gabor, RS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-0243 BN 978-0-521-76461-2 J9 CAMB ENV CH JI Camb. Environ. Chem. Ser. PY 2014 BP 303 EP 338 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139045452 PG 36 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BB3TN UT WOS:000343046000010 ER PT J AU Gevaert, AI Teuling, AJ Uijlenhoet, R DeLong, SB Huxman, TE Pangle, LA Breshears, DD Chorover, J Pelletier, JD Saleska, SR Zeng, X Troch, PA AF Gevaert, A. I. Teuling, A. J. Uijlenhoet, R. DeLong, S. B. Huxman, T. E. Pangle, L. A. Breshears, D. D. Chorover, J. Pelletier, J. D. Saleska, S. R. Zeng, X. Troch, P. A. TI Hillslope-scale experiment demonstrates the role of convergence during two-step saturation SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER RIDGING HYPOTHESIS; VARIABLE SOURCE AREAS; WATER-TABLE RESPONSE; STREAMFLOW GENERATION; CAPILLARY-FRINGE; FLOW GENERATION; SUBSURFACE FLOW; OVERLAND-FLOW; STORM RUNOFF; BIOSPHERE 2 AB Subsurface flow and storage dynamics at hillslope scale are difficult to ascertain, often in part due to a lack of sufficient high-resolution measurements and an incomplete understanding of boundary conditions, soil properties, and other environmental aspects. A continuous and extreme rainfall experiment on an artificial hillslope at Biosphere 2's Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO) resulted in saturation excess overland flow and gully erosion in the convergent hillslope area. An array of 496 soil moisture sensors revealed a two-step saturation process. First, the downward movement of the wetting front brought soils to a relatively constant but still unsaturated moisture content. Second, soils were brought to saturated conditions from below in response to rising water tables. Convergent areas responded faster than upslope areas, due to contributions from lateral subsurface flow driven by the topography of the bottom boundary, which is comparable to impermeable bedrock in natural environments. This led to the formation of a groundwater ridge in the convergent area, triggering saturation excess runoff generation. This unique experiment demonstrates, at very high spatial and temporal resolution, the role of convergence on subsurface storage and flow dynamics. The results bring into question the representation of saturation excess overland flow in conceptual rainfall-runoff models and land-surface models, since flow is gravity-driven in many of these models and upper layers cannot become saturated from below. The results also provide a baseline to study the role of the coevolution of ecological and hydrological processes in determining landscape water dynamics during future experiments in LEO. C1 [Gevaert, A. I.; Teuling, A. J.; Uijlenhoet, R.] Wageningen Univ, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Gevaert, A. I.; DeLong, S. B.; Huxman, T. E.; Pangle, L. A.; Breshears, D. D.; Chorover, J.; Pelletier, J. D.; Saleska, S. R.; Zeng, X.; Troch, P. A.] Univ Arizona, Biosphere Coll Sci 2, Tucson, AZ USA. [Huxman, T. E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Breshears, D. D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Chorover, J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Pelletier, J. D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Saleska, S. R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Zeng, X.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Troch, P. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gevaert, A. I.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [DeLong, S. B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gevaert, AI (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. EM a.i.gevaert@vu.nl RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009; OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058; Teuling, Adriaan/0000-0003-4302-2835; DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172; Uijlenhoet, Remko/0000-0001-7418-4445 FU Philecology Foundation (Forth Worth, TX, USA) FX We thank all of the technicians and graduate students involved in preparing and performing this experiment. Of these, we are especially grateful to Michael Sibayan, John Adams and Nate Abramson for technical support and Yvonne Smit for providing data on soil properties. We also thank George Waswa, reviewer Erwin Zehe and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which greatly helped improve the manuscript. In addition, we thank Murugesu Sivapalan, Ciaran Harman and William Dietrich for their thoughts about an earlier version. Finally, we are grateful to Paul Ingram for providing the hillslope photograph. Primary support for LEO is from the Philecology Foundation (Forth Worth, TX, USA). NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 9 BP 3681 EP 3692 DI 10.5194/hess-18-3681-2014 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AQ8WM UT WOS:000343118500023 ER PT S AU Hapke, CJ Adams, PN Allan, J Ashton, A Griggs, GB Hampton, MA Kelly, J Young, AP AF Hapke, Cheryl J. Adams, Peter N. Allan, Jonathan Ashton, Andrew Griggs, Gary B. Hampton, Monty A. Kelly, Joseph Young, Adam P. BE Kennedy, DM Stephenson, WJ Naylor, LA TI The rock coast of the USA SO ROCK COAST GEOMORPHOLOGY: A GLOBAL SYNTHESIS SE Geological Society Memoirs LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CALIFORNIA COAST; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SEACLIFF EROSION; SHORE PLATFORMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SUFFOLK COAST; BLUFF EROSION; BOSTON HARBOR; CLIFF RETREAT AB The coastline of the USA is vast and comprises a variety of landform types including barrier islands, mainland beaches, soft bluffed coastlines and hard rocky coasts. The majority of the bluffed and rocky coasts are found in the northeastern part of the country (New England) and along the Pacific coast. Rocky and bluffed landform types are commonly interspersed along the coastline and occur as a result of relative lowering of sea level from tectonic or isostatic forcing, which can occur on timescales ranging from instantaneous to millenia. Recent research on sea cliffs in the contiguous USA has focused on a broad range of topics from documenting erosion rates to identifying processes and controls on morphology to prediction modelling. This chapter provides a detailed synthesis of recent and seminal research on rocky coast geomorphology along open-ocean coasts of the continental United States (USA). C1 [Hapke, Cheryl J.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Adams, Peter N.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Allan, Jonathan] Coastal Field Off, Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ashton, Andrew] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Griggs, Gary B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 90560 USA. [Hampton, Monty A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kelly, Joseph] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Young, Adam P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hapke, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM chapke@usgs.gov RI Ashton, Andrew/K-7459-2012 OI Ashton, Andrew/0000-0002-0241-3090 NR 127 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0435-4052 BN 978-1-86239-684-5 J9 GEOL SOC MEM PY 2014 VL 40 BP 137 EP 154 DI 10.1144/M40.9 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA BB4UK UT WOS:000343328000009 ER PT S AU Loope, WL Jol, HM Fisher, TG Blewett, WL Loope, HM Legg, RJ AF Loope, Walter L. Jol, Harry M. Fisher, Timothy G. Blewett, William L. Loope, Henry M. Legg, Robert J. BE Fisher, TG Hansen, EC TI A previously unrecognized path of early Holocene base flow and elevated discharge from Lake Minong to Lake Chippewa across eastern Upper Michigan SO COASTLINE AND DUNE EVOLUTION ALONG THE GREAT LAKES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; GREAT-LAKES; FOREST BED; SUPERIOR; HISTORY; AGASSIZ; AGE; PALEOHYDROLOGY; STRATIGRAPHY; CALIBRATION AB It has long been hypothesized that flux of fresh meltwater from glacial Lake Minong in North America's Superior Basin to the North Atlantic Ocean triggered rapid climatic shifts during the early Holocene. The spatial context of recent support for this idea demands a reevaluation of the exit point of meltwater from the Superior Basin. We used ground penetrating radar (GPR), foundation borings from six highway bridges, a GIS model of surface topography, geologic maps, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service soils maps, and well logs to investigate the possible linkage of Lake Minong with Lake Chippewa in the Lake Michigan Basin across eastern Upper Michigan. GPR suggests that a connecting channel lies buried beneath the present interlake divide at Danaher. A single optical age hints that the channel aggraded to 225 m as elevated receipt of Lake Agassiz meltwater in the Superior Basin began to wane < 10.6 ka. The large supply of sediment required to accommodate aggradation was immediately available at the channel's edge in the littoral shelves of abandoned Lake Algonquin and in distal parts of post-Algonquin fans. As discharge decreased further, the aggraded channel floor was quickly breached and interbasin flow to Lake Chippewa was restored. Basal radiocarbon ages on wood from small lakes along the discharge path and a GIS model of Minong's shoreline are consistent with another transgression of Minong after ca. 9.5 ka. At the peak of the latter transgression, the southeastern rim of the Superior Basin (Nadoway Drift Barrier) failed, ending Lake Minong. Upon Minong's final drop, aggradational sediments were deposited at Danaher, infilling the prior breach. C1 [Loope, Walter L.] US Geol Survey, Munising, MI 49862 USA. [Jol, Harry M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. [Fisher, Timothy G.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Blewett, William L.] Shippensburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Shippensburg, PA 17257 USA. [Loope, Henry M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Legg, Robert J.] No Michigan Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Geog Sci, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Loope, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Munising, MI 49862 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2508-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2014 VL 508 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1130/2014.2508(01) D2 10.1130/9780813725086 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BB3LM UT WOS:000342837200002 ER PT S AU Fisher, TG Krantz, DE Castaneda, MR Loope, WL Jol, HM Goble, R Higley, MC DeWald, S Hanson, PR AF Fisher, Timothy G. Krantz, David E. Castaneda, Mario R. Loope, Walter L. Jol, Harry M. Goble, Ronald Higley, Melinda C. DeWald, Samantha Hanson, Paul R. BE Fisher, TG Hansen, EC TI Coastal geology and recent origins for Sand Point, Lake Superior SO COASTLINE AND DUNE EVOLUTION ALONG THE GREAT LAKES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; BEACH-RIDGE DEVELOPMENT; UPPER GREAT-LAKES; UPPER PENINSULA; LEVEL VARIATION; MICHIGAN; QUARTZ; SINGLE; LUMINESCENCE; REGION AB Sand Point is a small cuspate foreland located along the southeastern shore of Lake Superior within Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore near Munising, Michigan. Park managers' concerns for the integrity of historic buildings at the northern periphery of the point during the rising lake levels in the mid-1980s greatly elevated the priority of research into the geomorphic history and age of Sand Point. To pursue this priority, we recovered sediment cores from four ponds on Sand Point, assessed subsurface stratigraphy onshore and offshore using geophysical techniques, and interpreted the chronology of events using radiocarbon and luminescence dating. Sand Point formed at the southwest edge of a subaqueous platform whose base is probably constructed of glacial diamicton and outwash. During the post-glacial Nipissing Transgression, the base was mantled with sand derived from erosion of adjacent sandstone cliffs. An aerial photograph time sequence, 1939-present, shows that the periphery of the platform has evolved considerably during historical time, influenced by transport of sediment into adjacent South Bay. Shallow seismic reflections suggest slump blocks along the leading edge of the platform. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and shallow seismic reflections to the northwest of the platform reveal large sand waves within a deep (12 m) channel produced by currents flowing episodically to the northeast into Lake Superior. Ground-penetrating radar profiles show transport and deposition of sand across the upper surface of the platform. Basal radiocarbon dates from ponds between subaerial beach ridges range in age from 540 to 910 cal yr B.P., suggesting that Sand Point became emergent during the last similar to 1000 years, upon the separation of Lake Superior from Lakes Huron and Michigan. However, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from the beach ridges were two to three times as old as the radiocarbon ages, implying that emergence of Sand Point may have begun earlier, similar to 2000 years ago. The age discrepancy appears to be the result of incomplete bleaching of the quartz grains and an exceptionally low paleodose rate for the OSL samples. Given the available data, the younger ages from the radiocarbon analyses are preferred, but further work is necessary to test the two age models. C1 [Fisher, Timothy G.; Krantz, David E.; Castaneda, Mario R.; Higley, Melinda C.; DeWald, Samantha] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Loope, Walter L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Munising Biol Stn, Munising, MI 49862 USA. [Jol, Harry M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. [Goble, Ronald] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Hanson, Paul R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Fisher, TG (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM Timothy.Fisher@UToledo.edu NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2508-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2014 VL 508 BP 85 EP 110 DI 10.1130/2014.2508(06) D2 10.1130/9780813725086 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BB3LM UT WOS:000342837200007 ER PT J AU Beirle, S Hormann, C de Vries, MP Dorner, S Kern, C Wagner, T AF Beirle, S. Hoermann, C. de Vries, M. Penning Doerner, S. Kern, C. Wagner, T. TI Estimating the volcanic emission rate and atmospheric lifetime of SO2 from space: a case study for Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING EXPERIMENT; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; AIR-QUALITY; SPECTROMETER; INSTRUMENT; ERUPTIONS; PLUMES; RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION AB We present an analysis of SO2 column densities derived from GOME-2 satellite measurements for the Kilauea volcano (Hawai'i) for 2007-2012. During a period of enhanced degassing activity in March-November 2008, monthly mean SO2 emission rates and effective SO2 lifetimes are determined simultaneously from the observed downwind plume evolution and meteorological wind fields, without further model input. Kilauea is particularly suited for quantitative investigations from satellite observations owing to the absence of interfering sources, the clearly defined downwind plumes caused by steady trade winds, and generally low cloud fractions. For March-November 2008, the effective SO2 lifetime is 1-2 days, and Kilauea SO2 emission rates are 9-21 kt day(-1), which is about 3 times higher than initially reported from ground-based monitoring systems. C1 [Beirle, S.; Hoermann, C.; de Vries, M. Penning; Doerner, S.; Wagner, T.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Hoermann, C.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Kern, C.] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Beirle, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. EM steffen.beirle@mpic.de NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 16 BP 8309 EP 8322 DI 10.5194/acp-14-8309-2014 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3QK UT WOS:000341991600006 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Guntenspergen, GR Langley, JA AF Kirwan, M. L. Guntenspergen, G. R. Langley, J. A. TI Temperature sensitivity of organic-matter decay in tidal marshes SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSH; SOIL RESPIRATION; COASTAL WETLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON ACCUMULATION; SPARTINA-PATENS; DECOMPOSITION; CO2; PLANT AB Approximately half of marine carbon sequestration takes place in coastal wetlands, including tidal marshes, where organic matter contributes to soil elevation and ecosystem persistence in the face of sea-level rise. The long-term viability of marshes and their carbon pools depends, in part, on how the balance between productivity and decay responds to climate change. Here, we report the sensitivity of labile soil organic-matter decay in tidal marshes to seasonal and latitudinal variations in temperature measured over a 3-year period. We find a moderate increase in decay rate at warmer temperatures (3-6% per degrees C, Q(10) = 1.3-1.5). Despite the profound differences between microbial metabolism in wetlands and uplands, our results indicate a strong conservation of temperature sensitivity. Moreover, simple comparisons with organic-matter production suggest that elevated atmospheric CO2 and warmer temperatures will accelerate carbon accumulation in marsh soils, and potentially enhance their ability to survive sea-level rise. C1 [Kirwan, M. L.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Guntenspergen, G. R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Langley, J. A.] Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM kirwan@vims.edu FU US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development program FX Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This research was funded by the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development program. This paper is contribution no. 3394 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 17 BP 4801 EP 4808 DI 10.5194/bg-11-4801-2014 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AP5JR UT WOS:000342116000016 ER PT J AU Yates, KK Rogers, CS Herlan, JJ Brooks, GR Smiley, NA Larson, RA AF Yates, K. K. Rogers, C. S. Herlan, J. J. Brooks, G. R. Smiley, N. A. Larson, R. A. TI Diverse coral communities in mangrove habitats suggest a novel refuge from climate change SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; FLORIDA-KEYS; BARRIER-REEF; SEAWATER; THRESHOLDS; STRESS; VARIABILITY; CARBONATE AB Risk analyses indicate that more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by climate change and local anthropogenic impacts by the year 2030 under "business-asusual" climate scenarios. Increasing temperatures and solar radiation cause coral bleaching that has resulted in extensive coral mortality. Increasing carbon dioxide reduces seawater pH, slows coral growth, and may cause loss of reef structure. Management strategies include establishment of marine protected areas with environmental conditions that promote reef resiliency. However, few resilient reefs have been identified, and resiliency factors are poorly defined. Here we characterize the first natural, non-reef coral refuge from thermal stress and ocean acidification and identify resiliency factors for mangrove-coral habitats. We measured diurnal and seasonal variations in temperature, salinity, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and seawater chemistry; characterized substrate parameters; and examined water circulation patterns in mangrove communities where scleractinian corals are growing attached to and under mangrove prop roots in Hurricane Hole, St. John, US Virgin Islands. Additionally, we inventoried the coral species and quantified incidences of coral bleaching, mortality, and recovery for two major reef-building corals, Colpophyllia natans and Diploria labyrinthiformis, growing in mangrove-shaded and exposed (unshaded) areas. Over 30 species of scleractinian corals were growing in association with mangroves. Corals were thriving in low-light (more than 70% attenuation of incident PAR) from mangrove shading and at higher temperatures than nearby reef tract corals. A higher percentage of C. natans colonies were living shaded by mangroves, and no shaded colonies were bleached. Fewer D. labyrinthiformis colonies were shaded by mangroves, however more unshaded colonies were bleached. A combination of substrate and habitat heterogeneity, proximity of different habitat types, hydrographic conditions, and biological influences on seawater chemistry generate chemical conditions that buffer against ocean acidification. This previously undocumented refuge for corals provides evidence for adaptation of coastal organisms and ecosystem transition due to recent climate change. Identifying and protecting other natural, non-reef coral refuges is critical for sustaining corals and other reef species into the future. C1 [Yates, K. K.; Smiley, N. A.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Rogers, C. S.; Herlan, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St John, VI 00830 USA. [Brooks, G. R.; Larson, R. A.] Eckerd Coll, Galbraith Marine Sci Lab, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. RP Yates, KK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM kyates@usgs.gov FU Park-Oriented Biological Support Program of the US Geological Survey and National Park Service; Southeast Ecological Science Center; Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the US Geological Survey FX We would like to thank Nasseer Idrisi and Sophia McKenzie for collection and analysis of hydrographic data. Our gratitude goes to Chelsea Bliss and Rich Young for total alkalinity and total carbon measurements. We would like to thank Hannah Yates for assisting with collection of seawater samples and chemical parameter measurements, and Casey Evans and Miranda Bona for assisting with coral surveys. Thanks to Andrea Atkinson with the National Park Service and John Lisle with the US Geological Survey for statistical analysis of the coral data. We would like to thank Robin Clair of Estate Zootenvaal for logistical support and Candace Oviatt for early comments on the manuscript. We appreciate insightful comments from two anonymous reviewers that greatly improved our manuscript. The research was funded by the Park-Oriented Biological Support Program of the US Geological Survey and National Park Service, and by the Southeast Ecological Science Center and the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the US Geological Survey. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 88 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 16 BP 4321 EP 4337 DI 10.5194/bg-11-4321-2014 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AO8MP UT WOS:000341608900003 ER PT J AU He, Y Zhuang, Q Harden, JW McGuire, AD Fan, Z Liu, Y Wickland, KP AF He, Y. Zhuang, Q. Harden, J. W. McGuire, A. D. Fan, Z. Liu, Y. Wickland, K. P. TI The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; PERMAFROST CARBON; USE EFFICIENCY; ARCTIC TUNDRA; CO2 EXCHANGE; RESPIRATION AB The large amount of soil carbon in boreal forest ecosystems has the potential to influence the climate system if released in large quantities in response to warming. Thus, there is a need to better understand and represent the environmental sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition. Most soil carbon decomposition models rely on empirical relationships omitting key biogeochemical mechanisms and their response to climate change is highly uncertain. In this study, we developed a multi-layer microbial explicit soil decomposition model framework for boreal forest ecosystems. A thorough sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify dominating biogeochemical processes and to highlight structural limitations. Our results indicate that substrate availability (limited by soil water diffusion and substrate quality) is likely to be a major constraint on soil decomposition in the fibrous horizon (40-60% of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool size variation), while energy limited microbial activity in the amorphous horizon exerts a predominant control on soil decomposition (> 70% of SOC pool size variation). Elevated temperature alleviated the energy constraint of microbial activity most notably in amorphous soils, whereas moisture only exhibited a marginal effect on dissolved substrate supply and microbial activity. Our study highlights the different decomposition properties and underlying mechanisms of soil dynamics between fibrous and amorphous soil horizons. Soil decomposition models should consider explicitly representing different boreal soil horizons and soil-microbial interactions to better characterize biogeochemical processes in boreal forest ecosystems. A more comprehensive representation of critical biogeochemical mechanisms of soil moisture effects may be required to improve the performance of the soil model we analyzed in this study. C1 [He, Y.; Zhuang, Q.; Liu, Y.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhuang, Q.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Fan, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wickland, K. P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP He, Y (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM he72@purdue.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; He, Yujie/E-2514-2017; OI He, Yujie/0000-0001-8261-5399; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 FU NSF [DEB-0919331, NSF-0630319]; NASA [NASA-NNX09AI26G]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64599]; NSF Division of Information and Intelligent Systems [NSF-1028291]; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program - NSF the USDA Forest Service FX We acknowledge with gratitude the intellectual advice from Steven D. Allison, Eric A. Davidson, and Yingping Wang on various issues related to the study. This research is supported with a NSF project (DEB-0919331), the NSF Carbon and Water in the Earth program (NSF-0630319), the NASA Land Use and Land Cover Change program (NASA-NNX09AI26G), Department of Energy (DE-FG02-08ER64599), and the NSF Division of Information and Intelligent Systems (NSF-1028291). Support was also provided by Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by NSF the USDA Forest Service). NR 84 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 16 BP 4477 EP 4491 DI 10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AO8MP UT WOS:000341608900014 ER PT J AU Zhu, Q Liu, J Peng, C Chen, H Fang, X Jiang, H Yang, G Zhu, D Wang, W Zhou, X AF Zhu, Q. Liu, J. Peng, C. Chen, H. Fang, X. Jiang, H. Yang, G. Zhu, D. Wang, W. Zhou, X. TI Modelling methane emissions from natural wetlands by development and application of the TRIPLEX-GHG model SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID COMPARISON PROJECT WETCHIMP; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MINNESOTA PEATLANDS; SANJIANG PLAIN; CARBON BALANCE; WINTER FLUXES; PRESENT STATE AB A new process-based model TRIPLEX-GHG was developed based on the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), coupled with a new methane (CH4) biogeochemistry module (incorporating CH4 production, oxidation, and transportation processes) and a water table module to investigate CH4 emission processes and dynamics that occur in natural wetlands. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the most sensitive parameters to evaluate CH4 emission processes from wetlands are r (defined as the CH4 to CO2 release ratio) and Q(10) in the CH4 production process. These two parameters were subsequently calibrated to data obtained from 19 sites collected from approximately 35 studies across different wetlands globally. Being heterogeneously spatially distributed, r ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 with a mean value of 0.23, and the Q(10) for CH4 production ranged from 1.6 to 4.5 with a mean value of 2.48. The model performed well when simulating magnitude and capturing temporal patterns in CH4 emissions from natural wetlands. Results suggest that the model is able to be applied to different wetlands under varying conditions and is also applicable for global-scale simulations. C1 [Zhu, Q.; Peng, C.; Chen, H.; Yang, G.] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Liu, J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zhu, Q.; Peng, C.; Chen, H.; Fang, X.; Zhu, D.; Wang, W.; Zhou, X.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr CEF ESCER, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Fang, X.] Hohai Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Jiang, H.] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Peng, C (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr CEF ESCER, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. EM qiuan.zhu@gmail.com; peng.changhui@uqam.ca RI Wang, Weifeng/H-5642-2011; Chen, Huai/A-7418-2015 OI Wang, Weifeng/0000-0002-9752-6185; Chen, Huai/0000-0001-6208-1481 FU National Basic Research Programme of China [2013CB956602]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41201079]; Programme of NCET; Northwest AF University [Z111021203, Z109021204]; Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Programme of Higher Education of China [20120204120007]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This study was funded by the National Basic Research Programme of China (2013CB956602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41201079), the Programme of NCET, the Start-up Funds (Z111021203) and Basic Research Funds (Z109021204) of Northwest A&F University, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Programme of Higher Education of China (20120204120007), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant. The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and constructive suggestions which greatly improved the paper. NR 97 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 981 EP 999 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-981-2014 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO8JH UT WOS:000341600100015 ER PT J AU Kaczka, LJ Miranda, LE AF Kaczka, Levi J. Miranda, Leandro E. TI Size of age-0 crappies (Pomoxis spp.) relative to reservoir habitats and water levels SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reservoir habitat; water level; Pomoxis; age-0; size distribution ID WHITE CRAPPIE; OVERWINTER MORTALITY; LARGEMOUTH BASS; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; TENNESSEE; HYDROLOGY; DENSITIES; SURVIVAL; PREDATOR AB Variable year-class strength is common in crappie Pomoxis spp. populations in many reservoirs, yet the mechanisms behind this variability are poorly understood. Size-dependent mortality of age-0 fishes has long been recognized in the population ecology literature; however, investigations about the effects of environmental factors on age-0 crappie size are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine if differences existed in total length of age-0 crappies between embayment and floodplain habitats in reservoirs, while accounting for potential confounding effects of water level and crappie species. To this end, we examined size of age-0 crappies in four flood-control reservoirs in northwest Mississippi over 4years. Age-0 crappies inhabiting uplake floodplain habitats grew to a larger size than fish in downlake embayments, but this trend depended on species, length of time a reservoir was dewatered in the months preceding spawning, and reservoir water level in the months following spawning. The results from our study indicate that water-level management may focus not only on allowing access to quality nursery habitat, but that alternating water levels on a multiyear schedule could increase the quality of degraded littoral habitats. C1 [Kaczka, Levi J.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Kaczka, LJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM KaczkaL@dnr.sc.gov FU Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks through a Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration grant FX This work was supported by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks through a Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration grant. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1080/02705060.2014.923791 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP0OO UT WOS:000341761700005 ER PT J AU Ferrell, GM Grimes, BH AF Ferrell, G. M. Grimes, B. H. TI Effects of Centralized and Onsite Wastewater Treatment on the Occurrence of Traditional and Emerging Contaminants in Streams SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS; SANDY SOIL; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; TREATMENT SYSTEM; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; SURFACE WATERS; PHARMACEUTICALS; FATE; BEHAVIOR; EXFILTRATION AB The authors conducted a survey of small streams to evaluate the effects of centralized and onsite wastewater treatment on the occurrence of selected traditional and emerging contaminants in small streams in the upper Neuse River basin, North Carolina. An undeveloped site was included to assess effects of residential land use activities on stream quality. Concentrations of nutrients and ions were higher in samples from streams in residential sites than from the stream in an undeveloped area. Overall, streams draining residential areas showed relatively small differences with respect to type of wastewater treatment. Two sites, however one in an area of centralized wastewater treatment apparently near a suspected sewer line leak, and the second in an area of onsite wastewater treatment showed effects of wastewater. Organic wastewater compounds were detected more frequently in samples from these two sites than from the other sites. Optical brighteners levels were correlated (r(2) = .88) with the number of organic wastewater and pharmaceutical compounds detected at the residential sites and could potentially serve as a screening method to assess wastewater effects on small streams. C1 [Ferrell, G. M.; Grimes, B. H.] US Geol Survey, North Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Ferrell, GM (reprint author), Care of Fitzgerald S, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM safitzge@usgs.gov FU North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Health, through the U.S. EPA's Clean Water Act Section 319 program; USGS Cooperative Funding program FX Funding for this study was provided by a grant to the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Health, through the U.S. EPA's Clean Water Act Section 319 program and the USGS Cooperative Funding program. Assistance provided by the city and county of Durham, North Carolina, in delineating areas served by onsite and centralized wastewater treatment was greatly appreciated. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 16 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 76 IS 6 SI SI BP 18 EP 27 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AO7NQ UT WOS:000341540300003 PM 24645409 ER PT J AU Lisle, J Reich, C Halley, R AF Lisle, John Reich, Chris Halley, Robert TI Aragonite saturation states and nutrient fluxes in coral reef sediments in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Reef sediments; Aragonite saturation state; Nutrient flux; Pore water; Seagrass ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; SYSTEM PARAMETERS; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; TOTAL ALKALINITY; WATER INTERFACE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB Some coral reefs, such as patch reefs along the Florida Keys reef tract, are not showing significant reductions in calcification rates in response to ocean acidification. It has been hypothesized that this recalcitrance is due to local buffering effects from biogeochemical processes driven by seagrasses. We investigated the influence that pore water nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) have on aragonite saturation states (Omega(aragonite)) in the sediments and waters overlying the sediment surfaces of sand halos and seagrass beds that encircle Alinas and Anniversary reefs in Biscayne National Park. Throughout the sampling period, sediment pore waters from both bottom types had lower oxidation/reduction potentials (ORP), with lower pH relative to the sediment surface waters. The majority (86.5%) of flux rates (n = 96) for Sigma NOx-, PO43-, NH4+, SiO2, DIC and TA were positive, sometimes contributing significant concentrations of the respective constituents to the sediment surface waters. The Omega(aragonite) values in the pore waters (range: 0.18 to 4.78) were always lower than those in the overlying waters (2.40 to 4.46), and 52% (n = 48) of the values were < 2.0. The DIC and TA fluxes at the sediment-water interface reduced Omega(aragonite) in 75% (n = 16) of the samples, but increased it in the remainder. The elevated fluxes of nutrients, DIC and TA into the sediment-water interface layer negatively alters the suitability of this zone for the settlement and development of calcifying larvae, while enhancing the establishment of algal communities. C1 [Lisle, John; Reich, Chris; Halley, Robert] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lisle, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jlisle@usgs.gov FU USGS Coral Reef Ecosystems Studies (CREST) project under Biscayne National Park [BISC-2006-SCI-0016] FX This study was funded through the USGS Coral Reef Ecosystems Studies (CREST) project under Biscayne National Park permit BISC-2006-SCI-0016. The authors acknowledge the constructive criticisms from and discussions with Drs. Kimberly Yates, Ilsa Kuffner and Jeffery King and the anonymous reviewers who collectively improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 509 BP 71 EP 85 DI 10.3354/meps10844 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AO7YW UT WOS:000341570100006 ER PT J AU Brame, AB McIvor, CC Peebles, EB Hollander, DJ AF Brame, Adam B. McIvor, Carole C. Peebles, Ernst B. Hollander, David J. TI Site fidelity and condition metrics suggest sequential habitat use by juvenile common snook SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Centropomus undecimalis; Habitat complexity; Mesohabitat; Nursery habitat; Stable isotopes; Tidal creek; Estuarine pond; Ontogenetic shifts; Landscape ecology ID ESTUARINE FOOD WEBS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CENTROPOMUS-UNDECIMALIS; MARINE NURSERIES; LIFE-HISTORY; SALT-MARSH; FISH; FLORIDA; RIVER; CONNECTIVITY AB The common snook Centropomus undecimalis is an estuarine-dependent fish that relies on landward wetlands as nursery habitat. Despite its economic importance, portions of the snook's early life history are poorly understood. We compared habitat use of young-of-the-year (YOY) snook in 2 geomorphic mesohabitats (tidal pond and tidal creek) along an estuarine gradient (upstream vs. downstream) within a single wetland during fall recruitment. We used abundance, length, condition indices, and stable isotopes to assess ontogenetic mesohabitat use and site fidelity. We found that (1) YOY snook were more abundant within the upstream creek and ponds; (2) the smallest snook were found only in ponds; (3) snook from ponds had lower condition (Fulton's K and hepatosomatic index); (4) snook began moving from ponds to the creek at similar to 40 mm standard length; and (5) snook from the 2 mesohabitats were isotopically distinct, indicating high site fidelity at rather small spatial scales. Collectively, these data identified sequential use of mesohabitats, wherein seaward-spawned YOY snook moved landward and recruited to pond habitats, where they dedicated energy to growth (as length) before making an ontogenetic habitat shift to the creek. Once in the creek, YOY snook condition improved as they approached maturity and started the downstream return towards seaward locations. The wetland network that was previously viewed as generalized nursery habitat instead consists of mesohabitats that support different life stages in sequence. This represents ontogenetic habitat complementation, in which lower availability of a required mesohabitat type may limit the entire wetland's contribution to the adult population. C1 [Brame, Adam B.; Peebles, Ernst B.; Hollander, David J.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [McIvor, Carole C.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Brame, AB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM adam.brame@noaa.gov FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); USF-USGS FX We thank the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for providing funding and logistic support. Terra Ceia Aquatic Preserve manager Randy Runnels granted access to the study area and provided on-site support. We also thank those USGS employees and volunteers who assisted with field collections over 2 yr of sampling, including Justin Krebs, Noah Hansen, Noah Silverman, Travis Richards, and Ann Tihansky. We acknowledge Betsy Boyton for help in preparing our figures and Philip Stevens for his insightful review, which led to a stronger manuscript. This manuscript constitutes partial fulfillment of the requirements for A.B.B.'s Master's degree at the University of South Florida (USF), College of Marine Science, which supported the research through a joint USF-USGS graduate assistantship. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 509 BP 255 EP 269 DI 10.3354/meps10902 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AO7YW UT WOS:000341570100020 ER PT J AU Oliver, CW Risse, LM Radcliffe, DE Habteselassie, M Clarke, J AF Oliver, C. W. Risse, L. M. Radcliffe, D. E. Habteselassie, M. Clarke, J. TI EVALUATING POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF ON-SITE WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS ON THE NITROGEN LOAD AND BASEFLOW IN STREAMS OF WATERSHEDS IN METROPOLITAN ATLANTA, GEORGIA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Baseflow; Nitrogen; On-site wastewater treatment systems; Water quality; Water quantity ID SEPTIC SYSTEMS; RIVER-BASIN; NEW-YORK; NITRATE; GROUNDWATER; USA; URBANIZATION; TRANSPORT; ISOTOPES; NUTRIENT AB On-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) are widely used in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge of the Southeastern U.S. for domestic wastewater treatment. OWTSs often are considered consumptive water use and can be potential sources of nitrogen (N) pollution for streams. This region heavily depends on surface waters for its water supply; therefore, the impact of OWTSs on surface water quality and quantity must be determined. The overall objective of this study was to determine the impact of OWTSs on the N load and baseflow in streams of watersheds in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. This article presents results of the differences in the N load and baseflow as well as other water quality indicators, such as specific conductance (SC) and chloride (Cl-), in streams of watersheds impacted by high-density (HDS) and low-density (LDS) OWTSs. Synoptic samples and discharge measurements of 24 watersheds were taken under baseflow conditions in November 2011, March 2012, July 2012, and November 2012. Mean baseflow measurements in November 2011, March 2012, and November 2012 were not statistically different between watersheds and showed no relationship with OWTS density within the watershed, but July 2012 measurements were significantly higher in the HDS watersheds and increased linearly with increasing OWTS density. SC and Cl- concentrations increased linearly with increasing OWTS density within the watershed, and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations increased linearly with increasing OWTS density above a threshold of about 100 OWTS per km(2). Results suggest a potential increase in baseflow because of the presence of OWTS effluent, which may offset the effects of impervious surfaces and maintain baseflow during drought conditions. Results also indicate a positive correlation between NO3- concentration and OWTS density within the watershed above a density of about 100 OWTSs per km(2). This study showed that OWTSs have potential positive and negative impacts on the water quality and quantity in watersheds of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge. It provides data that may be used to inform users as well as watershed planners about the potential influence of OWTSs on the N load and baseflow in streams based on the OWTS density within a watershed. C1 [Oliver, C. W.] Univ Georgia, Coll Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Risse, L. M.; Radcliffe, D. E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Habteselassie, M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA USA. [Clarke, J.] USGS Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA USA. RP Radcliffe, DE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, 3111 Miller Plant Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dradclif@uga.edu FU USDA-NIFA National Integrated Water Quality Program FX This research was funded by a grant from the USDA-NIFA National Integrated Water Quality Program. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2014 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1121 EP 1128 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AO4IT UT WOS:000341301400012 ER PT S AU Lewis, RS Schmidt, KL Gaschnig, RM LaMaskin, TA Lund, K Gray, KD Tikoff, B Stetson-Lee, T Moore, N AF Lewis, Reed S. Schmidt, Keegan L. Gaschnig, Richard M. LaMaskin, Todd A. Lund, Karen Gray, Keith D. Tikoff, Basil Stetson-Lee, Tor Moore, Nicholas BE Shaw, CA Tikoff, B TI Hells Canyon to the Bitterroot front: A transect from the accretionary margin eastward across the Idaho batholith SO EXPLORING THE NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS SE Geological Society of America Field Guide LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; BLUE MOUNTAINS PROVINCE; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; WEST-CENTRAL IDAHO; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; COUGAR CREEK COMPLEX; BELT-PURCELL BASIN; RIVER SUTURE ZONE; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; WALLOWA TERRANE AB This field guide covers geology across north-central Idaho from the Snake River in the west across the Bitterroot Mountains to the east to near Missoula, Montana. The regional geology includes a much-modified Mesozoic accretionary boundary along the western side of Idaho across which allochthonous Permian to Cretaceous arc complexes of the Blue Mountains province to the west are juxtaposed against autochthonous Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic North American metasedimentary assemblages intruded by Cretaceous and Paleogene plutons to the east. The accretionary boundary turns sharply near Orofino, Idaho, from north-trending in the south to west-trending, forming the Syringa embayment, then disappears westward under Miocene cover rocks of the Columbia River Basalt Group. The Coolwater culmination east of the Syringa embayment exposes allochthonous rocks well east of an ideal steep suture. North and east of it is the Bitterroot lobe of the Idaho batholith, which intruded Precambrian continental crust in the Cretaceous and Paleocene to form one of the classical North American Cordilleran batholiths. Eocene Challis plutons, products of the Tertiary western U. S. ignimbrite flare-up, intrude those batholith rocks. This guide describes the geology in three separate road logs: (1) The Wallowa terrane of the Blue Mountains province from White Bird, Idaho, west into Hells Canyon and faults that complicate the story; (2) the Mesozoic accretionary boundary from White Bird to the South Fork Clearwater River east of Grangeville and then north to Kooskia, Idaho; and (3) the bend in the accretionary boundary, the Coolwater culmination, and the Bitterroot lobe of the Idaho batholith along Highway 12 east from near Lewiston, Idaho, to Lolo, Montana. C1 [Lewis, Reed S.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Schmidt, Keegan L.] Lewis Clark State Coll, Div Nat Sci, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Gaschnig, Richard M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [LaMaskin, Todd A.; Moore, Nicholas] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Geol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Lund, Karen] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gray, Keith D.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Geol, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Tikoff, Basil; Stetson-Lee, Tor] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lewis, RS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Geol Survey, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS3014, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM reedl@uidaho.edu; klschmidt@lcsc.edu; gaschnig@umd.edu; lamaskint@uncw.edu; klund@usgs.gov; k.gray@wichita.edu; basil@geology.wisc.edu; stetsonlee@wisc.edu; nom2943@uncw.edu NR 140 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 2333-0937 BN 978-0-8137-0037-3 J9 GSA FLD GD PY 2014 VL 37 BP 1 EP 50 DI 10.1130/2014.0037(01) D2 10.1130/9780813700373 PG 50 WC Geology SC Geology GA BB0MT UT WOS:000340463900002 ER PT S AU Ruleman, CA Larsen, M Stickney, MC AF Ruleman, Chester A. Larsen, Mort Stickney, Michael C. BE Shaw, CA Tikoff, B TI Neotectonics and geomorphic evolution of the northwestern arm of the Yellowstone Tectonic Parabola: Controls on intra-cratonic extensional regimes, southwest Montana SO EXPLORING THE NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS SE Geological Society of America Field Guide LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; LAKE AB The catastrophic Hebgen Lake earthquake of 18 August 1959 (M-W 7.3) led many geoscientists to develop new methods to better understand active tectonics in extensional tectonic regimes that address seismic hazards. The Madison Range fault system and adjacent Hebgen Lake-Red Canyon fault system provide an intermountain-active tectonic analog for regional analyses of extensional crustal deformation. The Madison Range fault system comprises fault zones (similar to 100 km in length) that have multiple salients and embayments marked by preexisting structures exposed in the footwall. Quaternary tectonic activity rates differ along the length of the fault system, with less displacement to the north. Within the Hebgen Lake basin, the 1959 earthquake is the latest slip event in the Hebgen Lake-Red Canyon fault system and southern Madison Range fault system. Geomorphic and paleoseismic investigations indicate previous faulting events on both fault systems. Surficial geologic mapping and historic seismicity support a coseismic structural linkage between the Madison Range and Hebgen Lake-Red Canyon fault systems. On this trip, we will look at Quaternary surface ruptures that characterize prehistoric earthquake magnitudes. The one-day field trip begins and ends in Bozeman, and includes an overview of the active tectonics within the Madison Valley and Hebgen Lake basin, southwestern Montana. We will also review geologic evidence, which includes new geologic maps and geomorphic analyses that demonstrate preexisting structural controls on surface rupture patterns along the Madison Range and Hebgen Lake-Red Canyon fault systems. C1 [Ruleman, Chester A.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Sci, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Larsen, Mort] Wyoming State Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82073 USA. [Stickney, Michael C.] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Montana Bur Mines & Geol, Earthquake Studies Off, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Ruleman, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Sci, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 2333-0937 BN 978-0-8137-0037-3 J9 GSA FLD GD PY 2014 VL 37 BP 65 EP 87 DI 10.1130/2014.0037(03) D2 10.1130/9780813700373 PG 23 WC Geology SC Geology GA BB0MT UT WOS:000340463900004 ER PT S AU Pierce, KL Licciardi, JM Krause, TR Whitlock, C AF Pierce, Kenneth L. Licciardi, Joseph M. Krause, Teresa R. Whitlock, Cathy BE Shaw, CA Tikoff, B TI Glacial and Quaternary geology of the northern Yellowstone area, Montana and Wyoming SO EXPLORING THE NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS SE Geological Society of America Field Guide LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MULTIPLE PROXY RECORDS; NATIONAL-PARK; USA; CLIMATE; LAKE; CHRONOLOGIES; VEGETATION; PINEDALE; MAMMALS; POLLEN AB This field guide focuses on the glacial geology and paleoecology beginning in the Paradise Valley and progressing southward into northern Yellowstone National Park. During the last (Pinedale) glaciation, the northern Yellowstone outlet glacier flowed out of Yellowstone Park and down the Yellowstone River Valley into the Paradise Valley. The field trip will traverse the following Pinedale glacial sequence: (1) deposition of the Eightmile terminal moraines and outwash 16.5 +/- 1.4 Be-10 ka in the Paradise Valley; (2) glacial recession of similar to 8 km and deposition of the Chico moraines and outwash 16.1 +/- 1.7 Be-10 ka; (3) glacial recession of 45 km to near the northern Yellowstone boundary and moraine deposition during the Deckard Flats readjustment 14.2 +/- 1.2 Be-10 ka; and (4) glacial recession of similar to 37 km and deposition of the Junction Butte moraines 15.2 +/- 1.3 Be-10 ka (this age is a little too old based on the stratigraphic sequence). Yellowstone's northern range of sagebrush-grasslands and bison, elk, wolf, and bear inhabitants is founded on glacial moraines, sub-glacial till, and outwash deposited during the last glaciation. Floods released from glacially dammed lakes and a landslide-dammed lake punctuate this record. The glacial geologic reconstruction was evaluated by calculation of basal shear stress, and yielded the following values for flow pattern in plan view: strongly converging-1.21 +/- 0.12 bars (n = 15); nearly uniform-1.04 +/- 0.16 bars (n = 11); and strongly diverging-0.84 +/- 0.14 bars (n = 16). Reconstructed mass balance yielded accumulation and ablation each of similar to 3 km(3)/yr, with glacial movement near the equilibrium line altitude dominated by basal sliding. Pollen and charcoal records from three lakes in northern Yellowstone provide information on the postglacial vegetation and fire history. Following glacial retreat, sparsely vegetated landscapes were colonized first by spruce parkland and then by closed subalpine forests. Regional fire activity increased significantly with the development of closed subalpine forests as a result of increased fuel biomass and warmer summers. Warm dry conditions prevailed at low elevations during the early Holocene, as indicated by the presence of steppe and open mixed conifer forest. At the same time, closed subalpine forests with low fire frequency were present at higher elevations, suggesting relatively wet summer conditions. Douglas fir populations expanded throughout northern Yellowstone in the middle Holocene as a result of effectively drier conditions than before, and a decline of mesophytic plant taxa during the late Holocene imply continued drying, even though fire frequency decreased in recent millennia. C1 [Pierce, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Licciardi, Joseph M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Krause, Teresa R.; Whitlock, Cathy] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Pierce, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2327 Univ Way,Box 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM kpierce@usgs.gov; joe.licciardi@unh.edu; teresa.krause@msu.montana.edu; whitlock@montana.edu NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 2333-0937 BN 978-0-8137-0037-3 J9 GSA FLD GD PY 2014 VL 37 BP 189 EP 203 DI 10.1130/2014.0037(09) D2 10.1130/9780813700373 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA BB0MT UT WOS:000340463900010 ER PT J AU Kowalski, KP Wiley, MJ Wilcox, DA AF Kowalski, Kurt P. Wiley, Michael J. Wilcox, Douglas A. TI Fish Assemblages, Connectivity, and Habitat Rehabilitation in a Diked Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Complex SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ERIE WETLAND; COMMON CARP; RESTORATION; MARSH; MICHIGAN AB Fish and plant assemblages in the highly modified Crane Creek coastal wetland complex of Lake Erie were sampled to characterize their spatial and seasonal patterns and to examine the implications of the hydrologic connection of diked wetland units to Lake Erie. Fyke netting captured 52 species and an abundance of fish in the Lake Erie-connected wetlands, but fewer than half of those species and much lower numbers and total masses of fish were captured in diked wetland units. Although all wetland units were immediately adjacent to Lake Erie, there were also pronounced differences in water quality and wetland vegetation between the hydrologically isolated and lake-connected wetlands. Large seasonal variations in fish assemblage composition and biomass were observed in connected wetland units but not in disconnected units. Reestablishment of hydrologic connectivity in diked wetland units would allow coastal Lake Erie fish to use these vegetated habitats seasonally, although connectivity does appear to pose some risks, such as the expansion of invasive plants and localized reductions in water quality. Periodic isolation and drawdown of the diked units could still be used to mimic intermediate levels of disturbance and manage invasive wetland vegetation. C1 [Kowalski, Kurt P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Wiley, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wilcox, Douglas A.] SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. RP Kowalski, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM kkowalski@usgs.gov OI Kowalski, Kurt/0000-0002-8424-4701 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National Program Office FX Financial support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National Program Office allowed the research team from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Great Lakes Science Center and University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment (SNRE) to complete this project. We are grateful to USFWS ONWR managers Dan Frisk and Doug Brewer for their permission to access refuge properties during this project, and we thank their staff for continued assistance with field data collection. We appreciated the help of USGS staff and the many students at SNRE, including Matt Ladewig, Solomon David, Yu-Chun Kao, and Sarah Friedl, who assisted with field work and data analysis. Finally, we thank the known and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1827 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 44 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1130 EP 1142 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.911207 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AN8WV UT WOS:000340887300002 ER PT J AU Pierce, R Podner, C Marczak, L Jones, L AF Pierce, Ron Podner, Craig Marczak, Laurie Jones, Leslie TI Instream Habitat Restoration and Stream Temperature Reduction in a Whirling Disease-Positive Spring Creek in the Blackfoot River Basin, Montana SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS INFECTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; TUBIFEX-TUBIFEX; WILD TROUT; BULL TROUT; CAUSATIVE AGENT; WATER TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MADISON RIVER AB Anthropogenic warming of stream temperature and the presence of exotic diseases such as whirling disease are both contemporary threats to coldwater salmonids across western North America. We examined stream temperature reduction over a 15-year prerestoration and postrestoration period and the severity of Myxobolus cerebralis infection (agent of whirling disease) over a 7-year prerestoration and postrestoration period in Kleinschmidt Creek, a fully reconstructed spring creek in the Blackfoot River basin of western Montana. Stream restoration increased channel length by 36% and reduced the wetted surface area by 69% by narrowing and renaturalizing the channel. Following channel restoration, average maximum daily summer stream temperatures decreased from 15.7 degrees C to 12.5 degrees C, average daily temperature decreased from 11.2 degrees C to 10.0 degrees C, and the range of daily temperatures narrowed by 3.3 degrees C. Despite large changes in channel morphology and reductions in summer stream temperature, the prevalence and severity of M. cerebralis infection for hatchery Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss remained high (98-100% test fish with grade > 3 infection) versus minimal for hatchery Brown Trout Salmo trutta (2% of test fish with grade-1 infection). This study shows channel renaturalization can reduce summer stream temperatures in small low-elevation, groundwater-dominated streams in the Blackfoot basin to levels more suitable to native trout. However, because of continuous high infections associated with groundwater-dominated systems, the restoration of Kleinschmidt Creek favors brown trout Salmo trutta given their innate resistance to the parasite and the higher relative susceptibility of other salmonids. C1 [Pierce, Ron; Podner, Craig] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Marczak, Laurie; Jones, Leslie] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Jones, Leslie] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Pierce, R (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 3201 Spurgin Rd, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. FU Montana Department of Transportation; Montana Department of Transportation, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks Future Fisheries Program; Big Blackfoot Chapter of Trout Unlimited, Northwestern Energy; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Partners for Fish and Wildlife FX Montana Department of Transportation, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks Future Fisheries Program, the Big Blackfoot Chapter of Trout Unlimited, Northwestern Energy, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Partners for Fish and Wildlife all helped fund the restoration of Kleinschmidt Creek. Land and Water Consulting oversaw most of the design and implementation. Streamworks performed most of the channel reconstruction. Landowners Jon Krutar, Ross Friede, and Tom Rue allowed the work and provided cost-share and in-kind support. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks staff including Mike Davidson, Winston Morton, Jody Hupka, Dick Vincent, Linnaea Schroeer, Ryen Neudecker, and Nick DeCesare all assisted in the data collection and analyses. Ryen Neudecker, Lisa Eby, Katelyn Driscoll, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful feedback and improved the quality of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1188 EP 1198 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.925972 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AN8WV UT WOS:000340887300006 ER PT J AU Recsetar, MS Bonar, SA Feuerbacher, OG AF Recsetar, Matthew S. Bonar, Scott A. Feuerbacher, Olin G. TI Growth and Survival of Apache Trout Under Static and Fluctuating Temperature Regimes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DETERMINING THERMAL TOLERANCE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; STREAMS; MANAGEMENT; CONSTANT; ARIZONA AB Increasing stream temperatures have important implications for arid-region fishes. Little is known about effects of high water temperatures that fluctuate over extended periods on Apache Trout Oncorhynchus gilae apache, a federally threatened species of southwestern USA streams. We compared survival and growth of juvenile Apache Trout held for 30 d in static temperatures (16, 19, 22, 25, and 28 degrees C) and fluctuating diel temperatures (+/- 3 degrees C from 16, 19, 22 and 25 degrees C midpoints and +/- 6 degrees C from 19 degrees C and 22 degrees C midpoints). Lethal temperature for 50% (LT50) of the Apache Trout under static temperatures (mean [SD] = 22.8 [0.6]degrees C) was similar to that of +/- 3 degrees C diel temperature fluctuations (23.1 [0.1]degrees C). Mean LT50 for the midpoint of the +/- 6 degrees C fluctuations could not be calculated because survival in the two treatments (19 +/- 6 degrees C and 22 +/- 6 degrees C) was not below 50%; however, it probably was also between 22 degrees C and 25 degrees C because the upper limb of a +/- 6 degrees C fluctuation on a 25 degrees C midpoint is above critical thermal maximum for Apache Trout (28.5-30.4 degrees C). Growth decreased as temperatures approached the LT50. Apache Trout can survive short-term exposure to water temperatures with daily maxima that remain below 25 degrees C and midpoint diel temperatures below 22 degrees C. However, median summer stream temperatures must remain below 19 degrees C for best growth and even lower if daily fluctuations are high (>= 12 degrees C). C1 [Recsetar, Matthew S.; Feuerbacher, Olin G.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bonar, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; University of Arizona Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [09-087, 09-088, 10-146] FX We thank Amy Unthank of the U.S. Forest Service; Jeremy Voeltz, Stewart Jacks, and Paul Barrett from the USFWS; Julie Carter, Scott Gurtin, Mike Lopez, and Kelly Meyer of the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD); and Colleen Caldwell of the U.S. Geological Survey New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for project advice and collaboration. We thank Sally Petre and Joy Price of the University of Arizona, the AGFD, and the Old Pueblo Chapter of Trout Unlimited for stream temperature data records. Gaylen Bennett and Jeff Bliznick of the University of Arizona assisted with laboratory logistics. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their contribution to this manuscript. Funding for the study was provided by U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Partnership. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of University of Arizona Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (09-087, 09-088, and 10-146). NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1254 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.931298 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AN8WV UT WOS:000340887300012 ER PT J AU Smith, CT French, R Lovtang, J Hand, D AF Smith, Christian T. French, Rod Lovtang, Jens Hand, David TI Genetic Composition of the Warm Springs River Chinook Salmon Population Maintained following Eight Generations of Hatchery Production SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; COLUMBIA-RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; RE-IMPLEMENTATION; RAPID EVOLUTION; WILD; SIZE; HISTORY AB Balancing the disparate objectives of fishery augmentation and conservation of an endemic fish population presents a substantial challenge. In the case of Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery (Warm Springs Hatchery), strategies for achieving both objectives included incorporation of natural fish into the hatchery broodstock and restricting proportions of hatchery fish on the spawning grounds. The hatchery has been more successful in implementing the latter than the former. We analyzed 76 single nucleotide polymorphism markers in Spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha collected from the Warm Springs River in 1976-1977 (prior to hatchery production) and 2001-2011 (posthatchery) to examine whether the genetic characteristics of the endemic population had changed during that time. Pre- and posthatchery collections clustered together when compared with those from Round Butte Hatchery, which has a nearby segregated program, and other Columbia River populations. The difference between pre- and posthatchery collections was nonsignificant, but posthatchery samples exhibited significantly lower expected heterozygosity. We observed some evidence of reduced effective size and increased genetic drift in fish produced at Warm Springs Hatchery (relative to natural-origin fish) and even stronger evidence of this in fish produced at Round Butte Hatchery. We conclude that natural-origin Chinook Salmon returning to the Warm Springs River form a distinct group within the interior Columbia Basin spring-run lineage and have changed very little over the past eight generations. We further speculate that differences between hatchery-and natural-origin fish at Warm Springs Hatchery are expected to increase if hatchery operations remain static (i.e., little integration of natural-origin fish and incorporation of Round Butte Hatchery fish in the broodstock). C1 [Smith, Christian T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [French, Rod] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, The Dalles, OR 97058 USA. [Lovtang, Jens] Confederated Tribes Warm Springs Reservat Oregon, Branch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries, Warm Springs, OR 97756 USA. [Hand, David] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Smith, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM christian_smith@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Region FX This work was made possible through sample collection efforts of Roger Sorensen, Mary Bayer, Doug Olsen, Denise Hawkins, Maureen Hess, and Jack Palmer. Andrew Matala generously provided genotype data for reference populations and allele-naming conventions to facilitate data standardization. Both DNA extraction and SNP genotyping were conducted by Brice Adams and Jennifer Von Bargen. Figure 1 was created by Victoria O'Byrne and David Hines. Helpful comments on previous drafts of this manuscript were provided by Patty Crandell, Patrick DeHaan, three anonymous reviewers, and the associate editor. Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Region. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the institutions with which they are affiliated. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1280 EP 1294 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.931303 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AN8WV UT WOS:000340887300014 ER PT J AU Midway, SR Wagner, T Tracy, BH AF Midway, Stephen R. Wagner, Tyler Tracy, Bryn H. TI A Hierarchical Community Occurrence Model for North Carolina Stream Fish SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; FRESH-WATER; CONSERVATION STATUS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY; LANDSCAPE; ECOSYSTEMS; CONSEQUENCES; SURROGATE AB The southeastern USA is home to one of the richest-and most imperiled and threatened-freshwater fish assemblages in North America. For many of these rare and threatened species, conservation efforts are often limited by a lack of data. Drawing on a unique and extensive data set spanning over 20 years, we modeled occurrence probabilities of 126 stream fish species sampled throughout North Carolina, many of which occur more broadly in the southeastern USA. Specifically, we developed species-specific occurrence probabilities from hierarchical Bayesian multispecies models that were based on common land use and land cover covariates. We also used index of biotic integrity tolerance classifications as a second level in the model hierarchy; we identify this level as informative for our work, but it is flexible for future model applications. Based on the partial-pooling property of the models, we were able to generate occurrence probabilities for many imperiled and data-poor species in addition to highlighting a considerable amount of occurrence heterogeneity that supports species-specific investigations whenever possible. Our results provide critical species-level information on many threatened and imperiled species as well as information that may assist with re-evaluation of existing management strategies, such as the use of surrogate species. Finally, we highlight the use of a relatively simple hierarchical model that can easily be generalized for similar situations in which conventional models fail to provide reliable estimates for data-poor groups. C1 [Midway, Stephen R.] Penn State Univ, Pen Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Pen Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tracy, Bryn H.] North Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Div Water Resources, Mail Serv Ctr 1621, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Midway, SR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Pen Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 406 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM srm30@psu.edu NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1348 EP 1357 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.931745 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AN8WV UT WOS:000340887300020 ER PT S AU Elsworth, D Foroozan, R Taron, J Mattioli, GS Voight, B AF Elsworth, Derek Foroozan, Roozbeh Taron, Joshua Mattioli, Glen S. Voight, Barry BE Wadge, G Robertson, REA Voight, B TI Geodetic imaging of magma migration at Soufriere Hills Volcano 1995 to 2008 SO ERUPTION OF SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO, MONTSERRAT FROM 2000 TO 2010 SE Geological Society Memoirs LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEST-INDIES; ANDESITIC MAGMA; LAVA DOME; MONTSERRAT; ERUPTION; CONSTRAINTS; DEFORMATION; DYNAMICS; MOTION; WI AB We use histories of magma efflux and surface deformation from a continuously operating global positioning system (cGPS) to quantitatively constrain magma transfer within the deep crustal plumbing of the Soufriere Hills Volcano (SHV). Displacement records reach a surface aperture of approximately 11 km and are continuous over three successive cycles of eruption followed by a pause spanning 1995-2008, and we focus on data of this time period. The assumed geometry and flow topology is for twin vertically stacked spherical chambers pierced by a vertical conduit that transmits magma from the deep crust to the surface. For a compressible magma column within an elastic crust we use mean deformation rates measured at between 6 and 13 cGPS stations for periods of effusion then repose and the time-history of magma efflux to define optimal chamber depths and basal magma input. The best fit for a constrained constant basal input to the system is obtained for chambers at 5 and 19 km, and a constant magma input rate of approximately 1.2 m(3) s(-1). Eruptive then pause episodes are, respectively, characterized by synchronous deflation then inflation of both shallow and deep chambers. Throughout this period of three repeated episodes of effusion then repose, the total effusive volume (c. 0.95 km(3) dense rock equivalent, DRE) has been sourced half from the lower chamber (c. 0.5 km(3)) and half from below this chamber (c. 0.45 km(3)). A consistent observation, repeated through three episodes, is that the eruption restarts as the shallow chamber regains its original volume following the pause and that eruption rearrests when the shallow chamber has deflated by a small but constant volume change (c. 16-22 Mm(3)). This magmatic metering is consistent with a control on eruption periodicity that involves overpressured breaching of the shallow chamber followed by underpressured sealing. We contrast these observations with other contemporary models that have consistently placed an upper chamber at a depth of approximately 5-6 km, and deeper chambers at 12 km and deeper. C1 [Elsworth, Derek; Foroozan, Roozbeh; Taron, Joshua; Voight, Barry] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Taron, Joshua] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mattioli, Glen S.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Elsworth, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 116 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM elsworth@psu.edu RI Elsworth, Derek/D-2844-2015 OI Elsworth, Derek/0000-0002-4942-1151 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0435-4052 BN 978-1-86239-630-2 J9 GEOL SOC MEM PY 2014 VL 39 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1144/M39.12 D2 10.1144/M39.0 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BB0GY UT WOS:000340173800013 ER PT J AU Walter, WD Kurle, CM Hopkins, JB AF Walter, W. David Kurle, Carolyn M. Hopkins, John B., III TI Applications of stable isotope analysis in mammalian ecology SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE animals; carbon-13; diet; isotope ecology; mammals; nitrogen-15; sulfur-34 AB In this editorial, we provide a brief introduction and summarize the 10 research articles included in this Special Issue on Applications of stable isotope analysis in mammalian ecology. The first three articles report correction and discrimination factors that can be used to more accurately estimate the diets of extinct and extant mammals using stable isotope analysis. The remaining seven applied research articles use stable isotope analysis to address a variety of wildlife conservation and management questions from the oceans to the mountains. C1 [Walter, W. David] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kurle, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hopkins, John B., III] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hopkins, John B., III] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Hopkins, John B., III] Peking Univ, Sch Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Walter, WD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM wdwalter@psu.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 EI 1477-2639 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 SI SI BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1080/10256016.2014.933214 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN3JL UT WOS:000340483500001 PM 25013986 ER PT J AU Walter, WD AF Walter, W. David TI Use of stable isotopes to identify dietary differences across subpopulations and sex for a free-ranging generalist herbivore SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article DE animals; carbon-13; Cervus elaphus; elk; isotope ecology; nitrogen-15; nutrition; sexual segregation; subpopulation tissue ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MOUNTAINS WILDLIFE REFUGE; NORTH-AMERICAN ELK; DELTA-D; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; CARBON ISOTOPES; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; NITROGEN; SEGREGATION; FRACTIONATION AB Carbon and nitrogen isotopes in tissues can be used to understand plants consumed by various taxa, but can they provide additional information about consumers? Values of delta C-13 and delta N-15 were assessed from tissue of free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) occupying disparate habitats of mixed prairie-oak savannah that contained C-3 agricultural crops in a C-4-dominated landscape and in key plants consumed by elk. Muscle and hoof samples were collected from female and male elk in two subpopulations (forested land and grassland) from private land and one subpopulation from the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge (refuge) in 2001-2006. Previous research identified differences between mean muscle delta C-13 and delta N-15 and mean hoof delta C-13 and delta N-15 indicating that isotopes differed between tissues of varying metabolic activity. Mean delta C-13 in hoof of elk on forested land and grassland were lower than hoof delta C-13 from elk in the refuge indicating greater long-term consumption of C-3 plants by elk on forested land and grassland subpopulations. The delta N-15 in hoof was greater for elk outside the refuge than that for elk in the refuge. Interaction of sex and subpopulation only occurred for hoof delta N-15 suggesting that factors such as tissue type, sex, and habitat need to be considered to understand free-ranging ecology of generalist herbivores using stable isotopes. Availability of C-3 agricultural crops high in percent nitrogen on a nearly annual basis in a C-4-dominated landscape was likely driving differences in tissue delta C-13 and delta N-15 among subpopulations of free-ranging elk. An increase in tissue delta N-15 resulted from an increase in the consumption of higher delta N-15 in forage for sexes and subpopulations of a free-ranging ungulate in North America but delta N-15 should be further evaluated as an index of nutrition for subpopulations of generalist herbivores. C1 Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Walter, WD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM wdwalter@psu.edu FU Federal Aid, Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [W-148-R]; Oklahoma State University (OSU) FX Funding was provided by the Federal Aid, Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act under Project W-148-R of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University (OSU) with additional contribution from the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Nature Works, and BancFirst administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 EI 1477-2639 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 SI SI BP 399 EP 413 DI 10.1080/10256016.2014.875545 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN3JL UT WOS:000340483500010 PM 24450704 ER PT B AU Ackerman, JT Herzog, MP Yarris, GS Casazza, ML Burns, E Eadie, JM AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Herzog, Mark P. Yarris, Gregory S. Casazza, Michael L. Burns, Edward Eadie, John M. BE Moyle, PB Manfree, AD Fiedler, PL TI Waterfowl Ecology and Management SO SUISUN MARSH: ECOLOGICAL HISTORY AND POSSIBLE FUTURES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MALLARD DUCKLINGS; FEMALE MALLARDS; CENTRAL VALLEY; SUISUN-MARSH; FRESH-WATER; CALIFORNIA; TEXAS; DIET C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herzog, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yarris, Gregory S.] Cent Valley Joint Venture, Sacramento, CA USA. [Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov; mherzog@usgs.gov; GYarris@calwaterfowl.org; mike_casazza@usgs.gov; Edward.Burns@md.usda.gov; jmeadie@ucdavis.edu OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X; Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835 NR 56 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI OAKLAND PA 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA BN 978-0-520-27608-6; 978-0-520-95732-9 PY 2014 BP 103 EP 132 PG 30 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB0GX UT WOS:000340172400006 ER PT S AU Peterson, DL Wolken, JM Hollingsworth, TN Giardina, CP Littell, JS Joyce, LA Swanston, CW Handler, SD Rustad, LE McNulty, SG AF Peterson, David L. Wolken, Jane M. Hollingsworth, Teresa N. Giardina, Christian P. Littell, Jeremy S. Joyce, Linda A. Swanston, Christopher W. Handler, Stephen D. Rustad, Lindsey E. McNulty, Steven G. BE Peterson, DL Vose, JM PatelWeynand, T TI Regional Highlights of Climate Change SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND UNITED STATES FORESTS SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; KENAI PENINSULA LOWLANDS; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; SOIL BURN SEVERITY; BOREAL FOREST; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; INTERIOR ALASKA; GLOBAL-CHANGE C1 [Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Wolken, Jane M.] Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Hollingsworth, Teresa N.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Hilo, HI USA. [Littell, Jeremy S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Climate Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Joyce, Linda A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Swanston, Christopher W.; Handler, Stephen D.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI USA. [Rustad, Lindsey E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. [McNulty, Steven G.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM peterson@fs.fed.us; jmwolken@alaska.edu; thollingsworth@fs.fed.us; cgiardina@fs.fed.us; jlittell@usgs.gov; ljoyce@fs.fed.us; cswanston@fs.fed.us; sdhandler@fs.fed.us; lrustad@fs.fed.us; smcnulty@fs.fed.us NR 165 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-94-007-7515-2; 978-94-007-7514-5 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2014 VL 57 BP 113 EP 148 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-7515-2_6 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-7515-2 PG 36 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA9YP UT WOS:000339971600008 ER PT J AU Jiang, D Huang, SL Han, DW AF Jiang, Dong Huang, Shengli Han, Dawei TI Monitoring and Modeling Terrestrial Ecosystems' Response to Climate Change SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jiang, Dong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Resources Utilizat & Environm Remediat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Huang, Shengli] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Han, Dawei] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. RP Jiang, D (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Resources Utilizat & Environm Remediat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM jiangd@igsnrr.ac.cn NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2014 AR 429349 DI 10.1155/2014/429349 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN1ST UT WOS:000340364600001 ER PT J AU Atazadeh, I Edlund, MB Van der Vijver, B Mills, K Spaulding, SA Gell, PA Crawford, S Barton, AF Lee, SS Smith, KEL Newall, P Potapova, M AF Atazadeh, Islam Edlund, Mark B. Van der Vijver, Bart Mills, Keely Spaulding, Sarah A. Gell, Peter A. Crawford, Simon Barton, Andrew F. Lee, Sylvia S. Smith, Kathryn E. L. Newall, Peter Potapova, Marina TI Morphology, ecology and biogeography of Stauroneis pachycephala PT Cleve (Bacillariophyta) and its transfer to the genus Envekadea SO DIATOM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diatoms; morphology; Stauroneis pachycephala; ecology; Envekadea; biogeography; taxonomy; lectotype ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; DIATOMS; USA; PERIPHYTON; WETLANDS; LAKES AB Stauroneis pachycephala was described in 1881 from the Baakens River, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Recently, it was found during surveys of the MacKenzie River (Victoria, Australia), the Florida Everglades (USA) and coastal marshes of Louisiana (USA). The morphology, ecology and geographic distribution of this species are described in this article. This naviculoid species is characterised by lanceolate valves with a gibbous centre, a sigmoid raphe, an axial area narrowing toward the valve ends, and capitate valve apices. The central area is a distinct stauros that is slightly widened near the valve margin. The raphe is straight and filiform, and the terminal raphe fissures are strongly deflected in opposite directions. Striae are fine and radiate in the middle of the valve, becoming parallel and eventually convergent toward the valve ends. The external surface of the valves and copulae is smooth and lacks ornamentation. We also examined the type material of S. pachycephala. Our observations show this species has morphological characteristics that fit within the genus Envekadea. Therefore, the transfer of S. pachycephala to Envekadea is proposed and a lectotype is designated. C1 [Atazadeh, Islam; Mills, Keely; Gell, Peter A.; Barton, Andrew F.; Newall, Peter] Federat Univ Australia, Sch Sci IT & Engn, Ctr Environm Management, Ballarat, Vic, Australia. [Edlund, Mark B.] Sci Museum Minnesota, St Croix Watershed Res Stn, Marine St Croix, MN USA. [Van der Vijver, Bart] Bot Garden Meise, Dept Bryophyta & Thallophyta, Meise, Belgium. [Van der Vijver, Bart] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol ECOBE, Antwerp, Belgium. [Mills, Keely] Univ Loughborough, Dept Geog, Loughborough, Leics, England. [Spaulding, Sarah A.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Crawford, Simon] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Lee, Sylvia S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Smith, Kathryn E. L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Potapova, Marina] Drexel Univ, Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mills, Keely] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. RP Atazadeh, I (reprint author), Federat Univ Australia, Sch Sci IT & Engn, Ctr Environm Management, Ballarat, Vic, Australia. EM islam.atazadeh@gmail.com FU Iowa Lakeside Laboratory scholarship; Federation University Australia scholarship; Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water (GWMWater, Australia) FX This research was supported by the Iowa Lakeside Laboratory scholarship and Federation University Australia scholarship to IA. This project was funded by Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water (GWMWater, Australia). IA wishes to thank Peter J. van der Linden (Executive Director of Iowa Lakeside Laboratory & Regent's Resource Center, USA) and all staff and students at the Iowa Lakeside Laboratory for their help and cooperation. The authors would like to thank Rosie Grundell, Wendy Cloke, Jessica Reeves and Phuong Doan (Federation University Australia), and Rebecca Bixby (University of New Mexico) for their help and cooperation. The authors also would like to give special thanks to Evelyn Gaiser (Florida International University) for providing data on E. pachycephala in the Florida Everglades. We thank two anonymous reviewers, Eileen J. Cox (Natural History Museum, UK) and Lisa Osterman (U.S. Geological Survey) for their valuable comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-249X EI 2159-8347 J9 DIATOM RES JI Diatom Res. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1080/0269249X.2014.927006 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AM8OJ UT WOS:000340134900011 ER PT J AU Croteau, MN Dybowska, AD Luoma, SN Misra, SK Valsami-Jones, E AF Croteau, Marie-Noele Dybowska, Agnieszka D. Luoma, Samuel N. Misra, Superb K. Valsami-Jones, Eugenia TI Isotopically modified silver nanoparticles to assess nanosilver bioavailability and toxicity at environmentally relevant exposures SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MUSSEL PERNA-VIRIDIS; ION RELEASE KINETICS; BIOACCUMULATION DYNAMICS; AGGREGATION KINETICS; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ZNO NANOPARTICLES; DIETARY EXPOSURES; ISOTOPE TRACERS; DISSOLUTION AB A major challenge in understanding the environmental implications of nanotechnology lies in studying nanoparticle uptake in organisms at environmentally realistic exposure concentrations. Typically, high exposure concentrations are needed to trigger measurable effects and to detect accumulation above background. But application of tracer techniques can overcome these limitations. Here we synthesised, for the first time, citrate-coated Ag nanoparticles using Ag that was 99.7% Ag-109. In addition to conducting reactivity and dissolution studies, we assessed the bioavailability and toxicity of these isotopically modified Ag nanoparticles (Ag-109 NPs) to a freshwater snail under conditions typical of nature. Weshowed that accumulation of Ag-109 from Ag-109 NPs is detectable in the tissues of Lymnaea stagnalis after 24-h exposure to aqueous concentrations as low as 6 ng L-1 as well as after 3 h of dietary exposure to concentrations as low as 0.07 mu g g(-1). Silver uptake from unlabelled Ag NPs would not have been detected under similar exposure conditions. Uptake rates of Ag-109 from Ag-109 NPs mixed with food or dispersed in water were largely linear over a wide range of concentrations. Particle dissolution was most important at low waterborne concentrations. We estimated that 70% of the bioaccumulated Ag-109 concentration in L. stagnalis at exposures,0.1 mg L-1 originated from the newly solubilised Ag. Above this concentration, we predicted that 80% of the bioaccumulated Ag-109 concentration originated from the Ag-109 NPs. It was not clear if agglomeration had a major influence on uptake rates. C1 [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dybowska, Agnieszka D.; Misra, Superb K.; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Earth Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Luoma, Samuel N.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Misra, Superb K.; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcroteau@usgs.gov RI Valsami-Jones, Eva/I-1736-2016; OI Dybowska, Agnieszka/0000-0002-8927-0159 FU US-EPA [RD-834557501-0]; UK-NERC [NE/F005008/1]; Toxic Substance Hydrology Program of the US Geological Survey; Facility for Environmental Nanoscience Analysis and Characterisation (FENAC) FX The authors are grateful to Dan Cain and three anonymous reviewers for reviewing the manuscript. The authors also acknowledge funding from the joint US-EPA (Research Program Grant RD-834557501-0) and UK-NERC (NE/F005008/1) as well as the Toxic Substance Hydrology Program of the US Geological Survey and the Facility for Environmental Nanoscience Analysis and Characterisation (FENAC). NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 64 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1071/EN13141 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN0JH UT WOS:000340270200004 ER PT J AU Matthias, BG Allen, MS Ahrens, RNM Beard, TD Kerns, JA AF Matthias, Bryan G. Allen, Micheal S. Ahrens, Robert N. M. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Kerns, Janice A. TI Hide and Seek: Interplay of Fish and Anglers Influences Spatial Fisheries Management SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; LARGEMOUTH BASS; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; FREE DISTRIBUTIONS; FLEET DYNAMICS; MOVEMENT; MODELS; HETEROGENEITY; VULNERABILITY AB Sustainable management of fisheries resources requires an understanding of spatial and temporal interplay between targeted fish populations and anglers. We conducted a field study comparing spatial patterns in recreational angler effort to fish distribution in a Florida lake. Over one year, spatial locations of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) anglers and Largemouth Bass were surveyed. Over 90% of anglers were fishing within 50 m from shore and one-third of fish were located offshore at any given time. This spatial patterning suggested that fish located in areas not targeted by anglers were less vulnerable to angling and, thus, anglers were not distributed according to the ideal free distribution. However, tag return data of telemetered fish showed similar catch trends in both onshore and offshore habitats, indicating that all fish were equally vulnerable to angling and anglers were ideally distributed. Informed use of spatial and/or temporal fishery regulations should consider fish and angler behavior. C1 [Matthias, Bryan G.; Allen, Micheal S.; Ahrens, Robert N. M.; Kerns, Janice A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Matthias, BG (reprint author), Univ Florida, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bmatthias@ufl.edu FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission through the Sport Fish Restoration Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission through the Sport Fish Restoration Program. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PY 2014 VL 39 IS 6 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.903836 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HD UT WOS:000340112600005 ER PT J AU Cooney, P Davis, J Hayer, CA Midway, S AF Cooney, Patrick Davis, Justin Hayer, Cari-Ann Midway, Steve TI Q&A: The 2014 Emerging Leaders SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cooney, Patrick] Smith Root Inc, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Davis, Justin] CT DEEP Eastern Dist Headquarters, Hartford, CT USA. [Hayer, Cari-Ann] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Midway, Steve] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Cooney, P (reprint author), Smith Root Inc, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM pcooney@smith-root.com; justin.davis@ct.gov; chayer@usgs.gov; srm30@psu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PY 2014 VL 39 IS 7 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.925450 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HY UT WOS:000340115400006 ER PT J AU Yu, L Liang, L Wang, J Zhao, YY Cheng, Q Hu, LY Liu, S Yu, L Wang, XY Zhu, P Li, XY Xu, Y Li, CC Fu, W Li, XC Li, WY Liu, CX Cong, N Zhang, H Sun, FD Bi, XF Xin, QC Li, DD Yan, DH Zhu, ZL Goodchild, MF Gong, P AF Yu, Le Liang, Lu Wang, Jie Zhao, Yuanyuan Cheng, Qu Hu, Luanyun Liu, Shuang Yu, Liang Wang, Xiaoyi Zhu, Peng Li, Xueyan Xu, Yue Li, Congcong Fu, Wei Li, Xuecao Li, Wenyu Liu, Caixia Cong, Na Zhang, Han Sun, Fangdi Bi, Xinfang Xin, Qinchuan Li, Dandan Yan, Donghui Zhu, Zhiliang Goodchild, Michael F. Gong, Peng TI Meta-discoveries from a synthesis of satellite-based land-cover mapping research SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; CHALLENGES; GEOGRAPHY; MODIS; EARTH; MAPS AB Since the launch of the first land-observation satellite (Landsat-1) in 1972, land-cover mapping has accumulated a wide range of knowledge in the peer-reviewed literature. However, this knowledge has never been comprehensively analysed for new discoveries. Here, we developed the first spatialized database of scientific literature in English about land-cover mapping. Using this database, we tried to identify the spatial temporal patterns and spatial hotspots of land-cover mapping research around the world. Among other findings, we observed (1) a significant mismatch between hotspot areas of land-cover mapping and areas that are either hard to map or rich in biodiversity; (2) mapping frequency is positively related to economic conditions; (3) there is no obvious temporal trend showing improvement in mapping accuracy; (4) images with more spectral bands or a combination of data types resulted in increased mapping accuracies; (5) accuracy differences due to algorithm differences are not as large as those due to various types of data used; and (6) the complexity of a classification system decreases its mapping accuracy. We recommend that one way to improve our understanding of the challenges, advances, and applications of previous land-cover mapping is for journals to require area-based information at the time of manuscript submission. In addition, building a standard protocol for systematic assessment of land-cover mapping efforts at the global scale through international collaboration is badly needed. C1 [Yu, Le; Zhao, Yuanyuan; Cheng, Qu; Hu, Luanyun; Li, Xuecao; Cong, Na; Zhang, Han; Xin, Qinchuan; Gong, Peng] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modelling, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Liang, Lu; Gong, Peng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Jie; Liu, Shuang; Wang, Xiaoyi; Zhu, Peng; Fu, Wei; Li, Wenyu; Liu, Caixia; Li, Dandan; Gong, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jie; Liu, Shuang; Wang, Xiaoyi; Zhu, Peng; Fu, Wei; Li, Wenyu; Liu, Caixia; Li, Dandan; Gong, Peng] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yu, Liang] Beijing Xiuying Environm Informat Technol Dev Ltd, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Xueyan; Xu, Yue; Li, Congcong; Bi, Xinfang] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Sun, Fangdi] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yan, Donghui] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Biostat & Biomath Program, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Goodchild, Michael F.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gong, Peng] Joint Ctr Global Change Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Gong, P (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modelling, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM penggong@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Yu, Le/C-3701-2008; wang, fenfei/N-9905-2015; Xin, Qinchuan/O-3276-2014; OI Yu, Le/0000-0003-3115-2042; Xin, Qinchuan/0000-0003-1146-4874; Cheng, Qu/0000-0003-3074-9218; li, xuecao/0000-0002-6942-0746 FU National High Technology Programme of China [2009AA12200101]; National Natural Science Funds of China [41301445]; Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science [OFSLRSS201202]; Tsinghua University [2012Z02287] FX This research was partially supported by the National High Technology Programme of China [grant number 2009AA12200101]; the National Natural Science Funds of China [grant number 41301445]; the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science [grant number OFSLRSS201202]; and a research grant from Tsinghua University [grant number 2012Z02287]. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 13 BP 4573 EP 4588 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.930206 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AM8EU UT WOS:000340105700001 ER PT J AU Enwright, NM Jones, WR Garber, AL Keller, MJ AF Enwright, Nicholas M. Jones, William R. Garber, Adrienne L. Keller, Matthew J. TI Analysis of the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications using high-resolution aerial imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Long-term monitoring efforts often use remote sensing to track trends in habitat or landscape conditions over time. To most appropriately compare observations over time, long-term monitoring efforts strive for consistency in methods. Thus, advances and changes in technology over time can present a challenge. For instance, modern camera technology has led to an increasing availability of very high-resolution imagery (i.e. submetre and metre) and a shift from analogue to digital photography. While numerous studies have shown that image resolution can impact the accuracy of classifications, most of these studies have focused on the impacts of comparing spatial resolution changes greater than 2 m. Thus, a knowledge gap exists on the impacts of minor changes in spatial resolution (i.e. submetre to about 1.5 m) in very high-resolution aerial imagery (i.e. 2 m resolution or less). This study compared the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications of an area dominated by coastal marsh vegetation in Louisiana, USA, using 1:12,000 scale colour-infrared analogue aerial photography (AAP) scanned at four different dot-perinch resolutions simulating ground sample distances (GSDs) of 0.33, 0.54, 1, and 2 m. Analysis of the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications was conducted by exploring various spatial aspects of the classifications including density of water-bodies and frequency distributions in waterbody sizes. This study found that a small-magnitude change (1-1.5 m) in spatial resolution had little to no impact on the amount of water classified (i.e. percentage mapped was less than 1.5%), but had a significant impact on the mapping of very small waterbodies (i.e. waterbodies <= 250 m(2)). These findings should interest those using temporal image classifications derived from very high-resolution aerial photography as a component of long-term monitoring programs. C1 [Enwright, Nicholas M.; Jones, William R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Garber, Adrienne L.; Keller, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Rivers Serv LLC 5, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Enwright, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM enwrightn@usgs.gov OI Enwright, Nicholas/0000-0002-7887-3261 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 13 BP 5280 EP 5288 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.938181 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AM8EU UT WOS:000340105700038 ER PT J AU Stolarski, JT Margraf, FJ Carlson, JG Sutton, TM AF Stolarski, J. T. Margraf, F. J. Carlson, J. G. Sutton, T. M. TI Lipid and Moisture Content Modeling of Amphidromous Dolly Varden Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; ANADROMOUS ARCTIC CHARR; BODY-COMPOSITION; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; ENERGY DENSITY; BROOK TROUT; GROWTH; FISH; WATER; TEMPERATURE AB The physiological well-being or condition of fish is most commonly estimated from aspects of individual morphology. However, these metrics may be only weakly correlated with nutritional reserves stored as lipid, the primary form of accumulated energy in fish. We constructed and evaluated bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) models as an alternative method of assessing condition in amphidromous Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma collected from nearshore estuarine and lotic habitats of the Alaskan Arctic. Data on electrical resistance and reactance were collected from the lateral and ventral surfaces of 192 fish, and whole-body percent lipid and moisture content were determined using standard laboratory methods. Significant inverse relationships between temperature and resistance and reactance prompted the standardization of these data to a constant temperature using corrective equations developed herein. No significant differences in resistance or reactance were detected among spawning and nonspawning females after accounting for covariates, suggesting that electrical pathways do not intersect the gonads. Best-fit BIA models incorporating electrical variables calculated from the lateral and ventral surfaces produced the strongest associations between observed and model-predicted estimates of proximate content. These models explained between 6% and 20% more of the variability in laboratory-derived estimates of proximate content than models developed from single-surface BIA data and 32% more than models containing only length and weight data. While additional research is required to address the potential effects of methodological variation, bioelectrical impedance analysis shows promise as a way to provide high-quality, minimally invasive estimates of Dolly Varden lipid or moisture content in the field with only small increases in handling time. C1 [Stolarski, J. T.; Margraf, F. J.; Carlson, J. G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Margraf, F. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sutton, T. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Stolarski, JT (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jason.stolarski@state.ma.us FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; Fairbanks Fisheries Resource Office FX We thank Mark Nelson, John Richard, and Dave Sowards for assistance in capturing fish in the field and Peter Bechtel, Lara Hortsmann-Dehn, and Matthew Wooller for the use of their laboratory facilities. Scientific sampling was conducted under the authority of Alaska Department of Fish and Game fishery resource permits SF2010-088, SF2011-046, and SF2012-265. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the Fairbanks Fisheries Resource Office. The care and handling of all fish included in this study was in accordance with approved protocols of the University of Alaska-Fairbanks' Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee assurance 175440-3. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 471 EP 481 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.880764 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HH UT WOS:000340113000002 ER PT J AU Adams, NS Plumb, JM Perry, RW Rondorf, DW AF Adams, Noah S. Plumb, John M. Perry, Russell W. Rondorf, Dennis W. TI Performance of a Surface Bypass Structure to Enhance Juvenile Steelhead Passage and Survival at Lower Granite Dam, Washington SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; WILD ATLANTIC SALMON; LOWER SNAKE RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVER; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; SUPERSATURATED WATER; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS AB An integral part of efforts to recover stocks of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss in Pacific Northwest rivers is to increase passage efficacy and survival of juveniles past hydroelectric dams. As part of this effort, we evaluated the efficacy of a prototype surface bypass structure, the removable spillway weir (RSW), installed in a spillbay at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, on the Snake River during 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006. Radio-tagged juvenile steelhead were released upstream from the dam and their route of passage through the turbines, juvenile bypass, spillway, or RSW was recorded. The RSW was operated in an on-or-off condition and passed 3-13% of the total discharge at the dam when it was on. Poisson rate models were fit to the passage counts of hatchery-and natural-origin juvenile steelhead to predict the probability of fish passing the dam. Main-effect predictor variables were RSW operation, diel period, day of the year, proportion of flow passed by the spillway, and total discharge at the dam. The combined fish passage through the RSW and spillway was 55-85% during the day and 37-61% during the night. The proportion of steelhead passing through nonturbine routes was <88% when the RSW was off during the day and increased to >95% when the RSW was on during the day. The ratio of the proportion of steelhead passed to the proportion of water passing the RSW was from 6.3:1 to 10.0:1 during the day and from 2.7:1 to 5.2:1 during the night. Steelhead passing through the RSW exited the tailrace about 15 min faster than fish passing through the spillway. Mark-recapture single-release survival estimates for steelhead passing the RSW ranged from 0.95 to 1.00. The RSW appeared to be an effective bypass structure compared with other routes of fish passage at the dam. C1 [Adams, Noah S.; Plumb, John M.; Perry, Russell W.; Rondorf, Dennis W.] US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Adams, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM nadams@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District FX We thank our colleagues at the Columbia River Research Laboratory for their assistance. We are also grateful to the staff of other agencies including the National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. We also thank one anonymous reviewer as well as John Beeman and Ted Castro-Santos for their thoughtful comments that substantial improved this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, and we thank Tim Wik, Rebecca Kalamaz, Lynn Reese, and many others who contributed to the success of the evaluations. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 576 EP 594 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.901256 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HH UT WOS:000340113000006 ER PT J AU Bingham, DM Kennedy, BM Hanson, KC Smith, CT AF Bingham, Daniel M. Kennedy, Benjamen M. Hanson, Kyle C. Smith, Christian T. TI Loss of Genetic Integrity in Hatchery Steelhead Produced by Juvenile-Based Broodstock and Wild Integration: Conflicts in Production and Conservation Goals SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CHINOOK SALMON; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MULTIPLE GENERATIONS; SUPPLEMENTATION; LOCI AB We examined whether a supplementation program for steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in southwestern Washington could produce hatchery fish that contained genetic characteristics of the endemic population from which it was derived and simultaneously meet a production goal. Hatchery fish were produced for three consecutive years by using broodstock comprised of endemic juveniles that were caught in the wild and raised to maturity, and then the program transitioned to an integrated broodstock comprised of wild and hatchery adults that returned to spawn. Importantly, some auxiliary conservation-based husbandry protocols were attempted (i.e., pairwise mating between males and females) but not always completed due to insufficient broodstock and conflict between production and conservation goals. The hatchery met production goals in 6 of 9 years, but wild-type genetic integrity of hatchery fish was degraded every year. Specifically, we analyzed 10 microsatellites and observed a 60% reduction in the effective number of breeders in the hatchery (harmonic mean of hatchery, N-b = 45, compared with the wild, N-b = 111). Hatchery fish consequently displayed reduced genetic diversity and large temporal genetic divergence compared with wild counterparts. To ensure the benefit of conservation-based husbandry, spawning protocols should be based on scientific theory and be practical within the physical and biological constraints of the system. Finally, if conservation issues are considered to be the most important issue for hatchery propagation, then production goals may need to be forfeited. C1 [Bingham, Daniel M.; Kennedy, Benjamen M.; Hanson, Kyle C.; Smith, Christian T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Bingham, DM (reprint author), Rogue Biol Consultants, POB 65391,7604 Northeast 5th Ave, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. EM bingham@roguebio.com FU Bonneville Power Administration FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data collection and reporting in this study were funded through the Bonneville Power Administration. We thank Jeff Poole and John Holmes for spawning, handling, and maintaining hatchery broodstock and their progeny; Jennifer Von Bargen and Brice Adams for genotyping efforts; and Victoria O'Byrne for Figure 1. We thank the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for maintaining the screw trap on Abernathy Creek and for collecting migrating smolts. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 609 EP 620 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.901257 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HH UT WOS:000340113000009 ER PT J AU Al-Chokhachy, R Muhlfeld, CC Boyer, MC Jones, LA Steed, A Kershner, JL AF Al-Chokhachy, Robert Muhlfeld, Clint C. Boyer, Matthew C. Jones, Leslie A. Steed, Amber Kershner, Jeffrey L. TI Quantifying the Effectiveness of Conservation Measures to Control the Spread of Anthropogenic Hybridization in Stream Salmonids: a Climate Adaptation Case Study SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; MYKISS; HYBRIDS; HABITAT AB Quantifying the effectiveness of management actions to mitigate the effects of changing climatic conditions (i.e., climate adaptation) can be difficult, yet critical for conservation. We used population genetic data from 1984 to 2011 to assess the degree to which ambient climatic conditions and targeted suppression of sources of nonnative Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss have influenced the spread of introgressive hybridization in native populations of Westslope Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii lewisi. We found rapid expansion in the spatial distribution and proportion of nonnative genetic admixture in hybridized populations from 1984 to 2004, but minimal change since 2004. The spread of hybridization was negatively correlated with the number of streamflow events in May that exceeded the 75th percentile of historic flows (r = -0.98) and positively correlated with August stream temperatures (r = 0.89). Concomitantly, suppression data showed a 60% decline in catch per unit effort for fish with a high proportion of Rainbow Trout admixture, rendering some uncertainty as to the relative strength of factors controlling the spread of hybridization. Our results illustrate the importance of initiating management actions to mitigate the potential effects of climate change, even where data describing the effectiveness of such actions are initially limited but the risks are severe. C1 [Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Jones, Leslie A.; Kershner, Jeffrey L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Boyer, Matthew C.; Steed, Amber] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Jones, Leslie A.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Al-Chokhachy, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 642 EP 652 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.901259 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HH UT WOS:000340113000011 ER PT J AU Schroeder, SA Fulton, DC AF Schroeder, Susan A. Fulton, David C. TI Fishing for Northern Pike in Minnesota: Comparing Anglers and Dark House Spearers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CATCH ORIENTATION; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; TRIP CONTEXT; SITE CHOICE; REGULATIONS; SPECIALIZATION; CONSERVATION; PREFERENCES; MOTIVATIONS; FRAMEWORK AB In order to project fishing effort and demand of individuals targeting Northern Pike Esox lucius in Minnesota, it is important to understand the catch orientations, management preferences, and site choice preferences of those individuals. Northern Pike are specifically targeted by about 35% of the approximately 1.5 million licensed anglers in Minnesota and by approximately 14,000-15,000 dark house spearers. Dark house spearing is a traditional method of harvesting fish through the ice in winter. Mail surveys were distributed to three research strata: anglers targeting Northern Pike, dark house spearing license holders spearing Northern Pike, and dark house spearing license holders angling for Northern Pike. Dark house spearers, whether spearing or angling, reported a stronger orientation toward keeping Northern Pike than did anglers. Anglers reported a stronger orientation toward catching large Northern Pike than did dark house spearers when spearing or angling. Northern Pike regulations were the most important attribute affecting site choice for respondents in all three strata. Models for all strata indicated a preference for lakes without protected slot limits. However, protected slot limits had a stronger negative influence on lake preference for dark house spearing licensees (whether spearing or angling) than for anglers. C1 [Schroeder, Susan A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Schroeder, SA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sas@umn.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; MDNR; University of Minnesota FX This study was a cooperative effort supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, MDNR, and University of Minnesota. We appreciate the funding provided by the MDNR. We thank Kathy DonCarlos, Jason Moeckel, and Don Pereira (MDNR) for their support of this project; Rick Nordby for his assistance in working with the MDNR ELS; and Len Hunt (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay) for an early review of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 678 EP 691 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.910573 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HH UT WOS:000340113000014 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Aldinger, JL AF Welsh, Stuart A. Aldinger, Joni L. TI A Semi-Automated Method for Monitoring Dam Passage of Upstream Migrant Yellow-Phase American Eels SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CONCORDANCE CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; IGARAPAVA FISH LADDER; ASSESSING AGREEMENT; ATLANTIC SALMON; COUNTER; IMAGES; CALIBRATION; MIGRATION; ACCURACY; RIVERS AB Fish passage facilities at dams have become an important focus of fishery management in riverine systems. Given the personnel and travel costs associated with physical monitoring programs, automated or semi-automated systems are an attractive alternative for monitoring fish passage facilities. We designed and tested a semi-automated system for eel ladder monitoring at Millville Dam on the lower Shenandoah River, West Virginia. A motion-activated eel ladder camera (ELC) photographed each yellow-phase American Eel Anguilla rostrata that passed through the ladder. Digital images (with date and time stamps) of American Eels allowed for total daily counts and measurements of eel TL using photogram-metric methods with digital imaging software. We compared physical counts of American Eels with camera-based counts; TLs obtained with a measuring board were compared with TLs derived from photogrammetric methods. Data from the ELC were consistent with data obtained by physical methods, thus supporting the semi-automated camera system as a viable option for monitoring American Eel passage. Time stamps on digital images allowed for the documentation of eel passage time-data that were not obtainable from physical monitoring efforts. The ELC has application to eel ladder facilities but can also be used to monitor dam passage of other taxa, such as crayfishes, lampreys, and water snakes. C1 [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Aldinger, Joni L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu FU West Virginia University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol [09-1008]; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources and FirstEnergy FX We thank the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources and FirstEnergy for funding support of this project. We also thank G. Harbaugh and N. Taylor for assistance with the study. This work was performed under the auspices of West Virginia University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 09-1008. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 4 BP 702 EP 709 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.910580 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HJ UT WOS:000340113400002 ER PT J AU Sweka, JA Eyler, S Millard, MJ AF Sweka, John A. Eyler, Sheila Millard, Michael J. TI An Egg-Per-Recruit Model to Evaluate the Effects of Upstream Transport and Downstream Passage Mortality of American Eel in the Susquehanna River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; FISHING MORTALITY; POTOMAC RIVER; STRIPED BASS; MAINE; DEMOGRAPHICS; SENSITIVITY; POPULATION; ESTUARY AB Dams and their associated effects on the migration and mortality of the American Eel Anguilla rostrata have been implicated as a significant factor in the current depleted status of the species along the Atlantic coast of North America. Female American Eels that mature in areas below dams may be smaller and have lower fecundity than individuals that mature in more upstream reaches of a river system. However, increased mortality associated with downstream migration through hydroelectric turbines may negate any reproductive advantage afforded to American Eels occupying areas upstream of hydroelectric facilities. We developed an American Eel egg-per-recruit (EPR) model to investigate how various levels of upstream and downstream passage may affect the reproductive output from rivers with hydroelectric facilities. We applied our model to the Susquehanna River and found that if American Eels are passed upstream of multiple dams on the river, cumulative downstream passage survival must be >= 33% for the upstream passage to be beneficial; otherwise, upstream passage is likely to result in an EPR deficit when compared with no passage. Cumulative downstream passage survival would need to increase substantially above 33% to have a high probability of making any gains in terms of EPR. Our EPR modeling framework can be adapted to other systems and used to make recommendations for necessary upstream and downstream passage for the conservation of American Eels in rivers impacted by hydroelectric facilities. C1 [Sweka, John A.; Millard, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16841 USA. [Eyler, Sheila] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fisheries Resource Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Sweka, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, POB 75, Lamar, PA 16841 USA. EM john_sweka@fws.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 4 BP 764 EP 773 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.910578 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HJ UT WOS:000340113400007 ER PT S AU Ayres, MP Hicke, JA Kerns, BK McKenzie, D Littell, JS Band, LE Luce, CH Weed, AS Raymond, CL AF Ayres, Matthew P. Hicke, Jeffrey A. Kerns, Becky K. McKenzie, Don Littell, Jeremy S. Band, Lawrence E. Luce, Charles H. Weed, Aaron S. Raymond, Crystal L. BE Peterson, DL Vose, JM PatelWeynand, T TI Disturbance Regimes and Stressors SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND UNITED STATES FORESTS SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT INVASIONS; SPRUCE BUDWORM C1 [Ayres, Matthew P.; Weed, Aaron S.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kerns, Becky K.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McKenzie, Don] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Littell, Jeremy S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Climate Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Band, Lawrence E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Luce, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Raymond, Crystal L.] Seattle City Light, Seattle, WA USA. RP Ayres, MP (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM matt.ayres@dartmouth.edu; jhicke@uidaho.edu; bkerns@fs.fed.us; donaldmckenzie@fs.fed.us; jlittell@usgs.gov; lband@email.unc.edu; cluce@fs.fed.us; aaron.s.weed@dartmouth.edu; crystal.raymond@seattle.gov NR 216 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-94-007-7515-2; 978-94-007-7514-5 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2014 VL 57 BP 55 EP 92 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-7515-2_4 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-7515-2 PG 38 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA9YP UT WOS:000339971600006 ER PT S AU Ojima, DS Iverson, LR Sohngen, BL Vose, JM Woodall, CW Domke, GM Peterson, DL Littell, JS Matthews, SN Prasad, AM Peters, MP Yohe, G Friggens, MM AF Ojima, Dennis S. Iverson, Louis R. Sohngen, Brent L. Vose, James M. Woodall, Christopher W. Domke, Grant M. Peterson, David L. Littell, Jeremy S. Matthews, Stephen N. Prasad, Anantha M. Peters, Matthew P. Yohe, Garyw. Friggens, Megan M. BE Peterson, DL Vose, JM PatelWeynand, T TI Risk Assessment SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND UNITED STATES FORESTS SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST CARBON; HABITAT MODELS; FIRE; WILDFIRE; DISTURBANCES; MANAGEMENT C1 [Ojima, Dennis S.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Iverson, Louis R.; Matthews, Stephen N.; Prasad, Anantha M.; Peters, Matthew P.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH USA. [Sohngen, Brent L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Raleigh, NC USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.; Domke, Grant M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Littell, Jeremy S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Climate Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Yohe, Garyw.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Econ, Middletown, CT USA. [Friggens, Megan M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ojima, DS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dojima@nrel.colostate.edu; liverson@fs.fed.us; sohngen.1@osu.edu; jvose@fs.fed.us; cwoodall@fs.fed.us; gmdomke@fs.fed.us; peterson@fs.fed.us; jlittell@usgs.gov; snmatthews@fs.fed.us; aprasad@fs.fed.us; matthewpeters@fs.fed.us; gyohe@wesleyan.edu; meganfriggens@fs.fed.us NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-94-007-7515-2; 978-94-007-7514-5 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2014 VL 57 BP 223 EP 244 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-7515-2_9 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-7515-2 PG 22 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA9YP UT WOS:000339971600011 ER PT B AU Locat, J Leroueil, S Locat, A Lee, H AF Locat, Jacques Leroueil, Serge Locat, Ariane Lee, Homa BE Krastel, S Behrmann, JH Volker, D Stipp, M Berndt, C Urgeles, R Chaytor, J Huhn, K Strasser, M Harbitz, CB TI Weak Layers: Their Definition and Classification from a Geotechnical Perspective SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES: 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY SEP, 2013 CL Kiel, GERMANY SP Int Union Geolog Sci, United Nat Educ, Sci Cultural Org DE Submarine landslides; Weak layers; Strength; Strain softening; Sedimentology; Geotechnical properties; Surface of rupture; Earthquake; Gas hydrates ID SLOPE INSTABILITY; CONTINENTAL MARGINS; LANDSLIDES; MECHANISM; SEDIMENTS; FAILURES; GULF AB Weak layers play a major role in the development of many large submarine landslides. A definition of a weak layer is proposed here using a geotechnical perspective: a layer (or band) consisting of sediment or rock that has strength potentially or actually sufficiently lower than that of adjacent units (strength contrast) to provide a potential focus for the development of a surface of rupture. Such a layer or a band can follow stratigraphic horizons, but this is not a requirement. From this it is proposed to define two types: inherited and induced weak layers. In addition, weak layers can develop in strain softening sediments where progressive failure can generate a surface of rupture without the need to invoke the role of excess pore pressures. C1 [Locat, Jacques; Leroueil, Serge; Locat, Ariane] Univ Laval, Lab Etud Risques Nat, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Lee, Homa] United States Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Locat, J (reprint author), Univ Laval, Lab Etud Risques Nat, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. EM Jacques.locat@ggl.ulaval.ca NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-00972-8; 978-3-319-00971-1 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2014 VL 37 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8_1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Geography, Physical; Oceanography SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Oceanography GA BA9QF UT WOS:000339716900001 ER PT B AU Haeussler, PJ Parsons, T Finlayson, DP Hart, P Chaytor, JD Ryan, H Lee, H Labay, K Peterson, A Liberty, L AF Haeussler, Peter J. Parsons, Tom Finlayson, David P. Hart, Pat Chaytor, Jason D. Ryan, Holly Lee, Homa Labay, Keith Peterson, Andrew Liberty, Lee BE Krastel, S Behrmann, JH Volker, D Stipp, M Berndt, C Urgeles, R Chaytor, J Huhn, K Strasser, M Harbitz, CB TI New Imaging of Submarine Landslides from the 1964 Earthquake Near Whittier, Alaska, and a Comparison to Failures in Other Alaskan Fjords SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES: 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY SEP, 2013 CL Kiel, GERMANY SP Int Union Geolog Sci, United Nat Educ, Sci Cultural Org DE Submarine landslide; 1964 Alaska earthquake; Fjord; Tsunami; Little ice age ID SLOPE FAILURES; PORT VALDEZ AB The 1964 Alaska M(w)9.2 earthquake triggered numerous submarine slope failures in fjords of southern Alaska. These failures generated local tsunamis, such as at Whittier, where they inundated the town within 4 min of the beginning of shaking. Run-up was up to 32 m, with 13 casualties. We collected new multibeam bathymetry and high-resolution sparker seismic data in Passage Canal, and we examined bathymetry changes before and after the earthquake. The data reveal the debris flow deposit from the 1964 landslides, which covers the western 5 km of the fjord bottom. Individual blocks in the flow are up to 145-m wide and 25-m tall. Bathymetry changes show the mass transfer deposits originated from the fjord head and Whittier Creek deltas and had a volume of about 42 million m(3). The 1964 deposit has an average thickness of similar to 5.4 m. Beyond the debris flow, the failures likely deposited a similar to 4.6-m thick megaturbidite in a distal basin. We have studied the 1964 submarine landslides in three fjords. All involved failure of the fjord-head delta. All failures eroded basin-floor sediments and incorporated them as they travelled. All the failures deposited blocks, but their size and travel distances varied greatly. We find a correlation between maximum block size and maximum tsunami run-up regardless of the volume of the slides. Lastly, the fjord's margins were influenced by increased supply of glacial sediments during the little ice age, which along with a long interseismic interval (similar to 900 years) may have caused the 1964 earthquake to produce particularly numerous and large submarine landslides. C1 [Haeussler, Peter J.; Labay, Keith] US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Parsons, Tom; Finlayson, David P.; Hart, Pat; Chaytor, Jason D.; Ryan, Holly; Lee, Homa] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Peterson, Andrew; Liberty, Lee] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Haeussler, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM pheuslr@usgs.gov OI Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677; Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-00972-8; 978-3-319-00971-1 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2014 VL 37 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8_32 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Geography, Physical; Oceanography SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Oceanography GA BA9QF UT WOS:000339716900032 ER PT B AU Locat, J ten Brink, US Chaytor, JD AF Locat, Jacques ten Brink, Uri S. Chaytor, Jason D. BE Krastel, S Behrmann, JH Volker, D Stipp, M Berndt, C Urgeles, R Chaytor, J Huhn, K Strasser, M Harbitz, CB TI A Geomorphological Analysis of the Veatch Slide Complex Off Massachusetts, USA SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES: 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY SEP, 2013 CL Kiel, GERMANY SP Int Union Geolog Sci, United Nat Educ, Sci Cultural Org DE Submarine landslide; Mass-failure; Mass-transport; Slope failure; Passive continental margin; Yield strength; Mobility ID SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES; MARGIN; SEDIMENTS; SLOPE; RISE AB A geomorphological analysis of the Veatch slide complex is presented here indicting the presence of at least two major slides presenting different morphological characteristics and involving different type of sediments (in terms of strength and grain size). These slides took place after the erosion of the Veatch Canyon which had been the locus of many bank failures. It is shown that a more refined morphological analysis of similar landslide areas may lead to the definition of a greater number of slides and a greater role of channels both leading to a more complex interpretation on their mobility. C1 [Locat, Jacques] Univ Laval, Lab Etud Risques Nat, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [ten Brink, Uri S.; Chaytor, Jason D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Locat, J (reprint author), Univ Laval, Lab Etud Risques Nat, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. EM jacques.locat@ggl.ulaval.ca RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677 FU U.S.-Nuclear Regulatory Commission [N6480]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work funded by U.S.-Nuclear Regulatory Commission grant N6480 Physical study of tsunami sources and the U.S. Geological Survey. We also thank Home Lee and Nabil Sultan for their constructive review of the manuscript. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-00972-8; 978-3-319-00971-1 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2014 VL 37 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8_33 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Geography, Physical; Oceanography SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Oceanography GA BA9QF UT WOS:000339716900033 ER PT B AU Chaytor, JD ten Brink, US AF Chaytor, Jason D. ten Brink, Uri S. BE Krastel, S Behrmann, JH Volker, D Stipp, M Berndt, C Urgeles, R Chaytor, J Huhn, K Strasser, M Harbitz, CB TI Slope Failures and Timing of Turbidity Flows North of Puerto Rico SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES: 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY SEP, 2013 CL Kiel, GERMANY SP Int Union Geolog Sci, United Nat Educ, Sci Cultural Org DE Radiocarbon; Multibeam bathymetry; Mass transport deposits; Seismic reflection ID MONA-PASSAGE; SEDIMENTATION; CALIBRATION; REFLECTION; LANDSLIDE; TSUNAMI; TRENCH AB The submerged carbonate platform north of Puerto Rico terminates in a high (3,000-4,000 m) and in places steep (>45 degrees) slope characterized by numerous landslide scarps including two 30-50 km-wide amphitheater-shaped features. The origin of the steep platform edge and the amphitheaters has been attributed to: (1) catastrophic failure, or (2) localized failures and progressive erosion. Determining which of the two mechanisms has shaped the platform edge is critically important in understanding landslide-generated tsunami hazards in the region. Multibeam bathymetry, seismic reflection profiles, and a suite sediment cores from the Puerto Rico Trench and the slope between the trench and the platform edge were used to test these two hypotheses. Deposits within trench axis and at the base of the slope are predominantly composed of sandy carbonate turbidites and pelagic sediment with inter-fingering of chaotic debris units. Regionally-correlated turbidites within the upper 10 m of the trench sediments were dated between similar to 25 and 22 kyrs and similar to 18-19 kyrs for the penultimate and most recent events, respectively. Deposits on the slope are laterally discontinuous and vary from thin layers of fragmented carbonate platform material to thick pelagic layers. Large debris blocks or lobes are absent within the near-surface deposits at the trench axis and the base of slope basins. Progressive small-scale scalloping and self-erosion of the carbonate platform and underlying stratigraphy appears to be the most likely mechanism for recent development of the amphitheaters. These smaller scale failures may lead to the generation of tsunamis with local, rather than regional, impact. C1 [Chaytor, Jason D.] US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [ten Brink, Uri S.] Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chaytor, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jchaytor@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-00972-8; 978-3-319-00971-1 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2014 VL 37 BP 617 EP 628 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8_55 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geography, Physical; Oceanography SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Oceanography GA BA9QF UT WOS:000339716900055 ER PT J AU Kappel, WM AF Kappel, William M. TI DATING HYDROLOGIC AND GEOMORPHIC CHANGE USING DENDROCHRONOLOGY IN TULLY VALLEY, CENTRAL NEW YORK: A SUMMARY SO TREE-RING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tully Valley; New York; dendrogeomorphology; tree-rings; forensic hydrology ID RINGS AB This report summarizes the results of three case studies where dendrochronology was used to evaluate hydrologic and geomorphic change in parts of Tully Valley, in central New York, over the past 150 years. The case studies evaluate 1) the changes in water quantity and quality in a wetland area several miles north of an area of former solution-brine mining, 2) the development of recent bedrock fractures above former solution brine-mining areas, and 3) the development and timing of landslide movement. The advantage of contemporary dendrochronology is that tree-ring analysis can provide a background of hydrologic and geomorphic change when no direct documentation or data are available. C1 US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Kappel, WM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM wkappel@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU TREE-RING SOC PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, TREE-RING LABORATORY, BLDG 58, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-1098 EI 2162-4585 J9 TREE-RING RES JI Tree-Ring Res. PY 2014 VL 70 IS 2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.3959/1536-1098-70.2.91 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AM2VQ UT WOS:000339709300004 ER PT S AU Gonzalez-Martin, C Teigell-Perez, N Valladares, B Griffin, DW AF Gonzalez-Martin, Cristina Teigell-Perez, Nuria Valladares, Basilio Griffin, Dale W. BE Sparks, DL TI The Global Dispersion of Pathogenic Microorganisms by Dust Storms and Its Relevance to Agriculture SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 127 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID AIRBORNE BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOUTH-DISEASE EPIDEMIC; AMBIENT FUNGAL SPORES; AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; DESERT DUST; SAHARAN DUST; ASIAN DUST; AFRICAN DUST; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Dust storms move an estimated 500-5000Tg of soil through Earth's atmosphere every year. Dust-storm transport of topsoils may have positive effects such as fertilization of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and the evolution of soils in proximal and distal environments. Negative effects may include the stripping of nutrient-rich topsoils from source regions, sandblasting of plant life in downwind environments, the fertilization of harmful algal blooms, and the transport of toxins (e.g., metals, pesticides, herbicides, etc.) and pathogenic microorganisms. With respect to the long-range dispersion of microorganisms and more specifically pathogens, research is just beginning to demonstrate the quantity and diversity of organisms that can survive this type of transport. Most studies to date have utilized different assays to identify microorganisms and microbial communities using predominately culture-based, and more recently nonculture-based, methodologies There is a clear need for international-scale research efforts that apply standardized methods to advance this field of science. Here we present a review of dust-borne microorganisms with a focus on their relevance to agronomy. C1 [Gonzalez-Martin, Cristina; Teigell-Perez, Nuria; Valladares, Basilio] Univ La Laguna, Univ Inst Trop Dis & Publ Hlth Canary Isl, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. [Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Gonzalez-Martin, C (reprint author), Univ La Laguna, Univ Inst Trop Dis & Publ Hlth Canary Isl, Avda Astrofis Francisco Sanchez, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. EM cristina.bio.ull@gmail.com NR 222 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-800131-8 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2014 VL 127 BP 1 EP 41 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-800131-8.00001-7 PG 41 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BA9CX UT WOS:000339223800001 ER PT S AU Pojeta, J Simes, JE Cooper, RA AF Pojeta, John, Jr. Simes, John E. Cooper, Roger A. BE Laurie, JR Paterson, JR Brock, GA TI New Zealand Cambrian and Ordovician micromolluscs SO CAMBRO-ORDOVICIAN STUDIES V SE Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Takaka Terrane; micromolluscs; Cambrian; Ordovician ID NORTHWEST NELSON; TAKAKA TERRANE; MT PATRIARCH; MOLLUSKS; STRATIGRAPHY; PHYLOGENY; AUSTRALIA; TUARANGIA; BORNHOLM; SCENELLA AB Micromolluscs from previously unreported collections of limestones in the early Palaeozoic Takaka Terrane of the western South Island of New Zealand belong to 20 taxa and are briefly described, figured and compared. They comprise pelagiellids, helcionelloids, bellerophontiform shells, gastropods, tryblidians, rostroconchs and pelecypods, and range from Drumian (middle Cambrian) to Sandbian (late Ordovician). Fourteen taxa are recorded from New Zealand for the first time, including: Pelagiella sp., ?Yochelcionella sp., Scenella sp., open and advolute bellerophontiform species, dextral and sinistral gastropod species, an eopteriid, Ribeiria sp., and two groups of palaeotaxodont pelecypods. C1 [Pojeta, John, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Pojeta, John, Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Simes, John E.; Cooper, Roger A.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Pojeta, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 37012,NHB,MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM pojetaj@si.edu; j.simes@gns.cri.nz; r.cooper@gns.cri.nz NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC AUSTRALASIAN PALAEONTOLOGISTS PI CANBERRA PA GEOSCIENCE AUSTRIALIA, GPO BOX 378, CANBERRA, ACT 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0810-8889 BN 978-0-949466-43-3 J9 MEM ASSOC AUSTRALAS JI Mem. Assoc. Australas. Palaeont. PY 2014 VL 45 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA BA9JD UT WOS:000339450700001 ER PT S AU Schuenemeyer, JH Olea, RA AF Schuenemeyer, John H. Olea, Ricardo A. BE PardoIguzquiza, E GuardiolaAlbert, C Heredia, J MorenoMerino, L Duran, JJ VargasGuzman, JA TI Distributional Assumptions and Parametric Uncertainties in the Aggregation of Geologic Resources SO MATHEMATICS OF PLANET EARTH SE Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Mathematical-Geosciences (IAMG) CY SEP 02-06, 2013 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Math Geosciences, Inst Geologico & Minero Espana, Spanish Geol Survey, Fundac Complutense, Mathematics Planet Earth, Int Year Stat, Gas Nat Fenosa, Gamma Geofisica, KARSTINV, Madrid Visitors & Convent Bur, Gobierno Espana, Minist Economia & Competitividad, Aramco C1 [Schuenemeyer, John H.] Southwest Stat Consulting LLC, 960 Sligo St, Cortez, CO 81321 USA. [Olea, Ricardo A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Schuenemeyer, JH (reprint author), Southwest Stat Consulting LLC, 960 Sligo St, Cortez, CO 81321 USA. EM jackswsc@q.com; olea@usgs.gov FU U. S. Geological Survey FX This researchwas partly supported by the U. S. Geological Survey. Suggestions of Madalyn Blondes and Emil Attanasi are greatly appreciated. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-0317 BN 978-3-642-32408-6; 978-3-642-32407-9 J9 LECT NOTES EARTH SCI JI Lect. Notes Earth Sci. PY 2014 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-32408-6_12 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Geology; Materials Science GA BA9IL UT WOS:000339442300012 ER PT S AU Pardo-Iguzquiza, E Olea, RA Dowd, PA AF Pardo-Iguzquiza, Eulogio Olea, Ricardo A. Dowd, Peter A. BE PardoIguzquiza, E GuardiolaAlbert, C Heredia, J MorenoMerino, L Duran, JJ VargasGuzman, JA TI Semi-Variogram Model Inference Using a Median Bootstrap Statistics SO MATHEMATICS OF PLANET EARTH SE Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Mathematical-Geosciences (IAMG) CY SEP 02-06, 2013 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Math Geosciences, Inst Geologico & Minero Espana, Spanish Geol Survey, Fundac Complutense, Mathematics Planet Earth, Int Year Stat, Gas Nat Fenosa, Gamma Geofisica, KARSTINV, Madrid Visitors & Convent Bur, Gobierno Espana, Minist Economia & Competitividad, Aramco ID UNCERTAINTY; PROGRAM C1 [Pardo-Iguzquiza, Eulogio] Inst Geol & Minero Espana, Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain. [Olea, Ricardo A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Dowd, Peter A.] Univ Adelaide, Fac Engn, Comp & Math Sci, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP Pardo-Iguzquiza, E (reprint author), Inst Geol & Minero Espana, Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain. EM e.pardo@igme.es; rolea@usgs.go; peter.dowd@adelaide.edu.au FU Ministerio de Economay Competitividad of Spain [CGL201015498]; Australian Research Council Discovery [DP110014766] FX The work of the first author was supported by research project CGL201015498 from the Ministerio de Economay Competitividad of Spain. The work of the third author was supported by Australian Research Council Discovery Grant DP110014766. Comments by zgen Karacan, Goeffrey Phelps and by an anonymous reviewer contributed to improve earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-0317 BN 978-3-642-32408-6; 978-3-642-32407-9 J9 LECT NOTES EARTH SCI JI Lect. Notes Earth Sci. PY 2014 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-32408-6_19 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Geology; Materials Science GA BA9IL UT WOS:000339442300019 ER PT S AU Karacan, CO Olea, RA AF Karacan, C. Oezgen Olea, Ricardo A. BE PardoIguzquiza, E GuardiolaAlbert, C Heredia, J MorenoMerino, L Duran, JJ VargasGuzman, JA TI Coalbed Methane Production Analysis and Filter Simulation for Quantifying Gas Drainage from Coal Seams SO MATHEMATICS OF PLANET EARTH SE Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Mathematical-Geosciences (IAMG) CY SEP 02-06, 2013 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Math Geosciences, Inst Geologico & Minero Espana, Spanish Geol Survey, Fundac Complutense, Mathematics Planet Earth, Int Year Stat, Gas Nat Fenosa, Gamma Geofisica, KARSTINV, Madrid Visitors & Convent Bur, Gobierno Espana, Minist Economia & Competitividad, Aramco C1 [Karacan, C. Oezgen] NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Olea, Ricardo A.] Eastern Energy Resources, USGS, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Karacan, CO (reprint author), NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM cok6@cdc.gov; rolea@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-0317 BN 978-3-642-32408-6; 978-3-642-32407-9 J9 LECT NOTES EARTH SCI JI Lect. Notes Earth Sci. PY 2014 BP 549 EP 552 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-32408-6_120 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Geology; Materials Science GA BA9IL UT WOS:000339442300120 ER PT S AU Olea, RA Luppens, JA Tewalt, SJ AF Olea, Ricardo A. Luppens, James A. Tewalt, Susan J. BE PardoIguzquiza, E GuardiolaAlbert, C Heredia, J MorenoMerino, L Duran, JJ VargasGuzman, JA TI Moving Away from Distance Classifications as Measures of Resource Uncertainty SO MATHEMATICS OF PLANET EARTH SE Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Mathematical-Geosciences (IAMG) CY SEP 02-06, 2013 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Math Geosciences, Inst Geologico & Minero Espana, Spanish Geol Survey, Fundac Complutense, Mathematics Planet Earth, Int Year Stat, Gas Nat Fenosa, Gamma Geofisica, KARSTINV, Madrid Visitors & Convent Bur, Gobierno Espana, Ministerio Economia & Competitividad, Aramco C1 [Olea, Ricardo A.; Luppens, James A.; Tewalt, Susan J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM olea@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-0317 BN 978-3-642-32408-6; 978-3-642-32407-9 J9 LECT NOTES EARTH SCI JI Lect. Notes Earth Sci. PY 2014 BP 585 EP 588 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-32408-6_128 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Geology; Materials Science GA BA9IL UT WOS:000339442300128 ER PT S AU Attanasi, ED Coburn, TC Freeman, PA AF Attanasi, Emil D. Coburn, Timothy C. Freeman, Philip A. BE PardoIguzquiza, E GuardiolaAlbert, C Heredia, J MorenoMerino, L Duran, JJ VargasGuzman, JA TI A Further Investigation of Local Nonparametric Estimation Techniques in Shale Gas Resource Assessment SO MATHEMATICS OF PLANET EARTH SE Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Mathematical-Geosciences (IAMG) CY SEP 02-06, 2013 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Math Geosciences, Inst Geologico & Minero Espana, Spanish Geol Survey, Fundac Complutense, Mathematics Planet Earth, Int Year Stat, Gas Nat Fenosa, Gamma Geofisica, KARSTINV, Madrid Visitors & Convent Bur, Gobierno Espana, Minist Economia & Competitividad, Aramco C1 [Coburn, Timothy C.] Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Attanasi, Emil D.; Freeman, Philip A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Coburn, TC (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM attanasi@usgs.gov; tim-coburn@utulsa.edu; pfreeman@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-0317 BN 978-3-642-32408-6; 978-3-642-32407-9 J9 LECT NOTES EARTH SCI JI Lect. Notes Earth Sci. PY 2014 BP 621 EP 624 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-32408-6_135 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Geology; Materials Science GA BA9IL UT WOS:000339442300135 ER PT J AU Barron, J Bukry, D Gersonde, R AF Barron, John Bukry, David Gersonde, Rainer TI Diatom and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy for the late Eocene: ODP 1090 (sub-Antarctic Atlantic) SO NOVA HEDWIGIA LA English DT Article DE Diatoms; silicoflagellates; Eocene; biostratigraphy; Site 1090 ID MIDDLE EOCENE; OLIGOCENE; OCEAN; PALEOGENE; SITE-1090; PACIFIC AB Abundant and well-preserved diatoms and silicoflagellate assemblages are documented through a complete late Eocene sequence, ODP Hole 1090B, recovered from the southern Agulhas Ridge in the sub-Antarctic South Atlantic. A sequence of Cestodiscus (diatom) species occurrence events involving C. pulchellus var. novazealandica, C. fennerae, C. antarcticus, C. convexus, C. trochus, and C. robustus is tied with paleomagnetic stratigraphy and provides the basis of proposing a new diatom zonation for the latest middle Eocene to early Oligocene (similar to 37.6-33.4 Ma) of the sub-Antarctic South Atlantic. Comparison with previously published diatom occurrence charts suggested this zonation should be applicable throughout the low latitude regions of the world's oceans. Silicoflagellates belong to the Dictyocha hexacantha and the overlying Corbisema apiculata Zones. The late Eocene succession of silicoflagellate species is dominated by Naviculopsis (20-60%). Naviculopsis constricta and N. foliacea dominate the D. hexacantha Zone, followed by the N. constricta, then N. biapiculata in the C. apiculata Zone. Cold-water Distephanus is most abundant in the latest Eocene along with N. biapiculata. The tops of zonal guide fossils Dictyocha hexacantha and Hannaites quadria (both 36.6 Ma) and Dictyocha spinosa (37.1 Ma) are tied with paleomagnetic stratigraphy. C1 [Barron, John; Bukry, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gersonde, Rainer] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Barron, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbarron@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation FX This research used samples provided by the Ocean Drilling Program sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and participating countries. Light microscopic samples were prepared at Alfred-Wegener-Institute, we thank U. Bock for technical assistance. Scott Starratt reviewed the manuscript for the U.S. Geological Survey. We are grateful to Catherine Stickley and Kevin McCartney for their excellent reviews of this article. Jakob Witkowski also provided excellent comments. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0029-5035 J9 NOVA HEDWIGIA JI Nova Hedwigia PY 2014 SU 143 BP 1 EP 31 DI 10.1127/1438-9134/2014/001 PG 31 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AM0KX UT WOS:000339535600002 ER PT J AU Tubbs, RE Fouda, HGA Afifi, AM Raterman, NS Hughes, GW Fadolalkarem, YK AF Tubbs, Robert E., Jr. Fouda, Hussein G. Aly Afifi, Abdulkader M. Raterman, Nickolas S. Hughes, Geraint W. Fadolalkarem, Yousuf K. TI Midyan Peninsula, northern Red Sea, Saudi Arabia: Seismic imaging and regional interpretation SO GEOARABIA LA English DT Article ID LATE MIOCENE CLIMATE; PLATE MOTIONS; GULF; SUEZ; MARGIN; SEDIMENTARY; RESERVOIRS; EXTENSION; TECTONICS; EVOLUTION AB The Midyan Peninsula of northwest Saudi Arabia offers an exceptional opportunity to observe a complex interplay of rifting, salt tectonics, and strikeslip faulting. Recently onshore 3-D, transition zone 2-D, and offshore 2-D seismic data have been acquired in the area. In addition, ongoing fieldwork and an active drilling program have provided new insights into the geologic history of the region. The initial stages of continental rifting began during the Early Oligocene (ca. 33 Ma) and often utilized pre-existing basement fault trends. The early syn-rift sedimentary record is typified by formation of deep half-grabens filled with thick wedges of primarily continental sediments, with lesser amounts of evaporitic and marine deposits. Seismic data show a distinct break in deposition occurred ca. 21 Ma characterized by a persistent angular unconformity near the basin-bounding fault, before a shift to marine and offshore deposits of the Lower Miocene Burcian Formation. Post-Burcian a second angular unconformity termed the mid-clysmic event is evident away from the basin edge. This surface exhibits significant relief created by re-activation of older EW-trending faults and lower Maqn.a Group; sediments display substantial thickening across these faults. Overall, the Magna section transitions from normal marine sedimentation to more restricted basin conditions before being succeeded by the thick-layered evaporite sequence of the Mansiyah Formation. C1 [Tubbs, Robert E., Jr.; Fadolalkarem, Yousuf K.] Saudi Aramcos Red Sea Explorat Div, Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia. [Fouda, Hussein G. Aly] Saudi Aramcos Unconvent Gas Explorat, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [Fouda, Hussein G. Aly] Red Sea Explorat Dept, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [Afifi, Abdulkader M.; Fadolalkarem, Yousuf K.] Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [Afifi, Abdulkader M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Raterman, Nickolas S.] Saudi Aramco, Red Sea Explorat Dept, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [Hughes, Geraint W.] Saudi Aramcos Geol Tech Serv Div, Biostratig Grp, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [Hughes, Geraint W.] King Fand Univ Petr & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [Fadolalkarem, Yousuf K.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Tubbs, RE (reprint author), Saudi Aramcos Red Sea Explorat Div, Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia. EM Robert.tubbs@aramco.com; alyhg@aramco.com; abdulkader.afifi@aramco.com; Nickolas.Raterman@aramco.com; wynapgwilym@gmail.com; Y275f712@ku.edu NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU GULF PETROLINK PI MANAMA PA PO BOX 20393, MANAMA, 00000, BAHRAIN SN 1025-6059 J9 GEOARABIA JI GeoArabia PY 2014 VL 19 IS 3 BP 165 EP 184 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AL3NB UT WOS:000339034200005 ER PT B AU Dunning, N Wahl, D Beach, T Jones, J Luzzadder-Beach, S McCane, C AF Dunning, Nicholas Wahl, David Beach, Timothy Jones, John Luzzadder-Beach, Sheryl McCane, Carmen BE Iannone, G TI The End of the Beginning Drought, Environmental Change, and the Preclassic to Classic Transition in the East-Central Maya Lowlands SO GREAT MAYA DROUGHTS IN CULTURAL CONTEXT: CASE STUDIES IN RESILIENCE AND VULNERABILITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dunning, Nicholas; McCane, Carmen] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Wahl, David] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Beach, Timothy] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Jones, John] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Luzzadder-Beach, Sheryl] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Dunning, N (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PRESS COLORADO PI BOULDER PA 5589 ARAPAHOE AVE, STE 206C, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA BN 978-1-60732-280-1; 978-1-60732-279-5 PY 2014 BP 107 EP 126 DI 10.5876/9781607322801.c006 PG 20 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA BA6PC UT WOS:000337220300006 ER PT J AU Schuette, PA Diffendorfer, JE Deutschman, DH Tremor, S Spencer, W AF Schuette, P. A. Diffendorfer, J. E. Deutschman, D. H. Tremor, S. Spencer, W. TI Carnivore distributions across chaparral habitats exposed to wildfire and rural housing in southern California SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE chaparral; human-wildland interface; occupancy ID FOXES UROCYON-CINEREOARGENTEUS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; GRAY FOXES; HOME-RANGE; CENTRAL ARIZONA; FIRE SEVERITY; SIERRA-NEVADA; FOOD-HABITS; COYOTES; RESPONSES AB Chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in southern California support biologically diverse plant and animal communities. However, native plant and animal species within these shrubland systems are increasingly exposed to human-caused wildfires and an expansion of the human-wildland interface. Few data exist to evaluate the effects of fire and anthropogenic pressures on plant and animal communities found in these environments. This is particularly true for carnivore communities. To address this knowledge gap, we collected detection-non-detection data with motion-sensor cameras and track plots to measure carnivore occupancy patterns following a large, human-caused wildfire (1134 km(2)) in eastern San Diego County, California, USA, in 2003. Our focal species set included coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), bobcat (Lynx rufus) and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). We evaluated the influence on species occupancies of the burned environment (burn edge, burn interior and unburned areas), proximity of rural homes, distance to riparian area and elevation. Gray fox occupancies were the highest overall, followed by striped skunk, coyote and bobcat. The three species considered as habitat and foraging generalists (gray fox, coyote, striped skunk) were common in all conditions. Occupancy patterns were consistent through time for all species except coyote, whose occupancies increased through time. In addition, environmental and anthropogenic variables had weak effects on all four species, and these responses were species-specific. Our results helped to describe a carnivore community exposed to frequent fire and rural human residences, and provide baseline data to inform fire management policy and wildlife management strategies in similar fire-prone ecosystems. C1 [Schuette, P. A.; Deutschman, D. H.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Schuette, P. A.; Tremor, S.] San Diego Nat Hist Museum, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Diffendorfer, J. E.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Spencer, W.] Conservat Biol Inst, San Diego, CA 92116 USA. RP Schuette, PA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM paul@zambiacarnivores.org OI Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU Joint Fire Science Program [042194] FX We thank the California Department of Fish and Game, the US Forest Service and California State Parks for permission to conduct this research. We appreciate the assistance of D. Hogan, G. Fleming, D. Morin, and A. Soto-Centeno in the field. This study was supported by a grant to the Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, San Diego Natural History Museum and Conservation Biology Institute from the Joint Fire Science Program (number 042194). We appreciate the comments and suggestions made by Steve Garman and several anonymous reviewers that improved the final version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 17 U2 89 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 591 EP 600 DI 10.1071/WF13062 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL6LX UT WOS:000339245300014 ER PT J AU Hawley, ER Piao, HL Scott, NM Malfatti, S Pagani, I Huntemann, M Chen, A del Rio, TG Foster, B Copeland, A Jansson, J Pati, A Tringe, S Gilbert, JA Lorenson, TD Hess, M AF Hawley, Erik R. Piao, Hailan Scott, Nicole M. Malfatti, Stephanie Pagani, Ioanna Huntemann, Marcel Chen, Amy del Rio, Tijana Glavina Foster, Brian Copeland, Alex Jansson, Janet Pati, Amrita Tringe, Susannah Gilbert, Jack A. Lorenson, Thomas D. Hess, Matthias TI Metagenomic analysis of microbial consortium from natural crude oil that seeps into the marine ecosystem offshore Southern California SO STANDARDS IN GENOMIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Bioremediation; hydrocarbon-degradation; marine ecosystem; crude oil; natural oil seeps; anaerobic methane oxidation; bacteria; archaea; metagenomics ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION; SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; REDUCING BACTERIUM; HYDROCARBON SEEPS; GENOME SEQUENCE; STORAGE CAVITY; GEN. NOV.; SEDIMENTS; SPILL AB Crude oils can be major contaminants of the marine ecosystem and microorganisms play a significant role in the degradation of its main constituents. To increase our understanding of the microbial hydrocarbon degradation process in the marine ecosystem, we collected crude oil from an active seep area located in the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC) and generated a total of about 52 Gb of raw metagenomic sequence data. The assembled data comprised similar to 500 Mb, representing similar to 1.1 million genes derived primarily from chemolithoautotrophic bacteria. Members of Oceanospirillales, a bacterial order belonging to the Deltaproteobacteria, recruited less than 2% of the assembled genes within the SBC metagenome. In contrast, the microbial community associated with the oil plume that developed in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) blowout in 2010, was dominated by Oceanospirillales, which comprised more than 60% of the metagenomic data generated from the DWH oil plume. This suggests that Oceanospirillales might play a less significant role in the microbially mediated hydrocarbon conversion within the SBC seep oil compared to the DWH plume oil. We hypothesize that this difference results from the SBC oil seep being mostly anaerobic, while the DWH oil plume is aerobic. Within the Archaea, the phylum Euryarchaeota, recruited more than 95% of the assembled archaeal sequences from the SBC oil seep metagenome, with more than 50% of the sequences assigned to members of the orders Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales. These orders contain organisms capable of anaerobic methanogenesis and methane oxidation (AOM) and we hypothesize that these orders - and their metabolic capabilities - may be fundamental to the ecology of the SBC oil seep. C1 [Hawley, Erik R.; Piao, Hailan] Washington State Univ Tricities, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Scott, Nicole M.; Gilbert, Jack A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. [Malfatti, Stephanie] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Pagani, Ioanna; Huntemann, Marcel; Chen, Amy; del Rio, Tijana Glavina; Foster, Brian; Copeland, Alex; Jansson, Janet; Pati, Amrita; Tringe, Susannah; Hess, Matthias] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Jansson, Janet; Tringe, Susannah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lorenson, Thomas D.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Hess, Matthias] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hess, Matthias] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Proc Dev Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hess, Matthias] Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Hess, M (reprint author), Washington State Univ Tricities, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM mhess@lbl.gov OI Tringe, Susannah/0000-0001-6479-8427 FU Washington State University; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Deptartment of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX MHess, ERH, HP and the work performed in the laboratory of MHess were funded by Washington State University. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work conducted by NMS and JAG was supported by the U.S. Deptartment of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. We are extremely thankful to our colleagues who provided letters of support for our CSP proposal. Additional thanks go to staff members of the Chemical and Biological Process Development Group - in particular David Culley, Jon Magnuson, Kenneth Bruno, Jim Collett, and Scott Baker - and the Microbial Community Initiative - in particular Allan Konopka, Jim Fredrickson and Steve Lindeman - at PNNL for scientific discussions throughout the project. Conception and design of the experiments: MHess, TDL, JAG, JJ; Performance of the experiments: MHess, ERH, TDL; Generation and processing of data: MHess, ERH, HP, SM, TGR, ST, BF, AC, IP, MHuntemann; Analysis of the data: MHess, ERH, SM, AC, AP; Drafting of this article: MHess, NMS, TDL, JAG, ST, JJ NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 48 PU GENOMIC STAND CONSORT PI EAST LANSING PA MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, GEEO GARRITY, DEPT MICROBIOL, 6162 BIOMED & PHYS SCI BLDG, EAST LANSING, MI 48824 USA SN 1944-3277 J9 STAND GENOMIC SCI JI Stand. Genomic Sci. PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 BP 635 EP 650 DI 10.4056/sigs.5029016 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA AL2ZQ UT WOS:000338995000068 PM 25197496 ER PT J AU Bagstad, KJ Villa, F Batker, D Harrison-Cox, J Voigt, B Johnson, GW AF Bagstad, Kenneth J. Villa, Ferdinando Batker, David Harrison-Cox, Jennifer Voigt, Brian Johnson, Gary W. TI From theoretical to actual ecosystem services: mapping beneficiaries and spatial flows in ecosystem service assessments SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE beneficiaries; benefits; demand side; mapping; provisioning areas; spatial dynamics; spatial flow ID SUPPORT; CONSERVATION; POLLINATION; FRAMEWORK; SYSTEMS; SCALES AB Ecosystem services mapping and modeling has focused more on supply than demand, until recently. Whereas the potential provision of economic benefits from ecosystems to people is often quantified through ecological production functions, the use of and demand for ecosystem services has received less attention, as have the spatial flows of services from ecosystems to people. However, new modeling approaches that map and quantify service-specific sources (ecosystem capacity to provide a service), sinks (biophysical or anthropogenic features that deplete or alter service flows), users (user locations and level of demand), and spatial flows can provide a more complete understanding of ecosystem services. Through a case study in Puget Sound, Washington State, USA, we quantify and differentiate between the theoretical or in situ provision of services, i.e., ecosystems' capacity to supply services, and their actual provision when accounting for the location of beneficiaries and the spatial connections that mediate service flows between people and ecosystems. Our analysis includes five ecosystem services: carbon sequestration and storage, riverine flood regulation, sediment regulation for reservoirs, open space proximity, and scenic viewsheds. Each ecosystem service is characterized by different beneficiary groups and means of service flow. Using the ARtificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) methodology we map service supply, demand, and flow, extending on simpler approaches used by past studies to map service provision and use. With the exception of the carbon sequestration service, regions that actually provided services to people, i.e., connected to beneficiaries via flow paths, amounted to 16-66% of those theoretically capable of supplying services, i.e., all ecosystems across the landscape. These results offer a more complete understanding of the spatial dynamics of ecosystem services and their effects, and may provide a sounder basis for economic valuation and policy applications than studies that consider only theoretical service provision and/or use. C1 [Bagstad, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Villa, Ferdinando] Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Basque Ctr Climate Change BC3, Bilbao, Spain. [Batker, David; Harrison-Cox, Jennifer] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Voigt, Brian; Johnson, Gary W.] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Bagstad, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Johnson, Gary/0000-0001-8609-9256; Villa, Ferdinando/0000-0002-5114-3007 FU National Science Foundation [9982938]; U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science Program; ESPA/NERC [NE-J002267-1] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation, grant 9982938 and the U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science Program. The ASSETS project funded by ESPA/NERC (grant NE-J002267-1) currently provides support for ARIES work by Villa. We thank Earth Economics, particularly Maya Kocian, Jim Pittman, Paula Swedeen, and Zachary Christin, and their academic, public, and NGO-sector partners, particularly Doug Osterman, for providing spatial data and an improved understanding of regional ecosystem services dynamics. Marta Ceroni, Josh Farley, and Sergey Krivov contributed to the early development of the ARIES project. Zach Ancona assisted with viewshed analyses. Kristin Byrd provided feedback on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 13 U2 133 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 2 AR 64 DI 10.5751/ES-06523-190264 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK8XI UT WOS:000338711600059 ER PT J AU Flinn, JM Kakalec, P Tappero, R Jones, B Lengyel, I AF Flinn, Jane M. Kakalec, Peter Tappero, Ryan Jones, Blair Lengyel, Imre TI Correlations in distribution and concentration of calcium, copper and iron with zinc in isolated extracellular deposits associated with age-related macular degeneration SO METALLOMICS LA English DT Article ID RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; FACTOR-H; DRUSEN FORMATION; BRUCHS MEMBRANE; X-RAY; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY; BASAL DEPOSITS; AGING EYE AB Zinc (Zn) is abundantly enriched in sub-retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) deposits, the hallmarks of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and is thought to play a role in the formation of these deposits. However, it is not known whether Zn is the only metal relevant for sub-RPE deposit formation. Because of their involvement in the pathogenesis of AMD, we determined the concentration and distribution of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) and compared these with Zn in isolated and sectioned macular (MSD), equatorial (PHD) and far peripheral (FPD) sub-RPE deposits from an 86 year old donor eye with post mortem diagnosis of early AMD. The sections were mounted on Zn free microscopy slides and analyzed by microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (mu SXRF). Metal concentrations were determined using spiked sectioned sheep brain matrix standards, prepared the same way as the samples. The heterogeneity of metal distributions was examined using pixel by pixel comparison. The orders of metal concentrations were Ca >>> Zn > Fe in all three types of deposits but Cu levels were not distinguishable from background values. Zinc and Ca were consistently present in all deposits but reached highest concentration in MSD. Iron was present in some but not all deposits and was especially enriched in FPD. Correlation analysis indicated considerable variation in metal distribution within and between sub-RPE deposits. The results suggest that Zn and Ca are the most likely contributors to deposit formation especially in MSD, the characteristic risk factor for the development of AMD in the human eye. C1 [Flinn, Jane M.; Kakalec, Peter] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tappero, Ryan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jones, Blair] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Lengyel, Imre] UCL, UCL Inst Ophthalmol, London EC1V 9EL, England. RP Lengyel, I (reprint author), UCL, UCL Inst Ophthalmol, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, England. EM i.lengyel@ucl.ac.uk FU Bill Brown Charitable Trust Senior Research Fellowship; Moorfields Eye Hospital Special Trustees; Mercer Fund from Fight for Sight; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NIHR; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) - Geosciences [DE-FG02-92ER14244, X27A] FX We thank Professors Alan C Bird, Richard Thompson and Erinn Gideon for their generous help and Dr David Sterratt for reconstructing the flat mounted samples. The research was supported by the Bill Brown Charitable Trust Senior Research Fellowship, Moorfields Eye Hospital Special Trustees and Mercer Fund from Fight for Sight (I.L). Portions of this work were performed at Beamline X27A, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, under a General user grant to JMF. X27A is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) - Geosciences (DE-FG02-92ER14244 to The University of Chicago - CARS). Use of the NSLS was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Tissue for this project was provided by the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and Moor-fields Eye Hospital Eye Tissue Repository supported by NIHR funding. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1756-5901 EI 1756-591X J9 METALLOMICS JI Metallomics PY 2014 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1039/c4mt00058g PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AK7WI UT WOS:000338638000007 PM 24740686 ER PT J AU Donatuto, J Grossman, EE Konovsky, J Grossman, S Campbell, LW AF Donatuto, Jamie Grossman, Eric E. Konovsky, John Grossman, Sarah Campbell, Larry W. TI Indigenous Community Health and Climate Change: Integrating Biophysical and Social Science Indicators SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE climate change; community health; impact assessment; Indigenous; sea-level rise; shellfish; shoreline armoring ID RISK; MANAGEMENT; KNOWLEDGE; CULTURE AB This article describes a pilot study evaluating the sensitivity of Indigenous community health to climate change impacts on Salish Sea shorelines (Washington State, United States and British Columbia, Canada). Current climate change assessments omit key community health concerns, which are vital to successful adaptation plans, particularly for Indigenous communities. Descriptive scaling techniques, employed in facilitated workshops with two Indigenous communities, tested the efficacy of ranking six key indicators of community health in relation to projected impacts to shellfish habitat and shoreline archaeological sites stemming from changes in the biophysical environment. Findings demonstrate that: when shellfish habitat and archaeological resources are impacted, so is Indigenous community health; not all community health indicators are equally impacted; and, the community health indicators of highest concern are not necessarily the same indicators most likely to be impacted. Based on the findings and feedback from community participants, exploratory trials were successful; Indigenous-specific health indicators may be useful to Indigenous communities who are assessing climate change sensitivities and creating adaptation plans. C1 [Donatuto, Jamie; Grossman, Sarah; Campbell, Larry W.] Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, Off Planning, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Konovsky, John] Tsleil Waututh First Nation, N Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Donatuto, J (reprint author), Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, Off Planning, 11430 Moorage Way, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. EM jdonatuto@swinomish.nsn.us FU North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative; NW Climate Science Center [F12AP0094]; U.S. EPA National Center for Environmental Research [RD-83479101] FX Research was funded by awards to the Swinomish Tribe from the North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative and the NW Climate Science Center (#F12AP0094) and the U.S. EPA National Center for Environmental Research (#RD-83479101). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, the Tsleil-Waututh First Nation, or the funding agencies. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2014 VL 42 IS 4 SI SI BP 355 EP 373 DI 10.1080/08920753.2014.923140 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK9CK UT WOS:000338724900005 ER PT J AU Liu, L Schaefer, K Gusmeroli, A Grosse, G Jones, BM Zhang, T Parsekian, AD Zebker, HA AF Liu, L. Schaefer, K. Gusmeroli, A. Grosse, G. Jones, B. M. Zhang, T. Parsekian, A. D. Zebker, H. A. TI Seasonal thaw settlement at drained thermokarst lake basins, Arctic Alaska SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; ACTIVE-LAYER THICKNESS; ICE-WEDGE POLYGONS; COASTAL-PLAIN; SOIL-MOISTURE; WATER-CONTENT; TERRASAR-X; PERMAFROST; CANADA; TUNDRA AB Drained thermokarst lake basins (DTLBs) are ubiquitous landforms on Arctic tundra lowland. Their dynamic states are seldom investigated, despite their importance for landscape stability, hydrology, nutrient fluxes, and carbon cycling. Here we report results based on high-resolution Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements using space-borne data for a study area located on the North Slope of Alaska near Prudhoe Bay, where we focus on the seasonal thaw settlement within DTLBs, averaged between 2006 and 2010. The majority (14) of the 18 DTLBs in the study area exhibited seasonal thaw settlement of 3-4 cm. However, four of the DTLBs examined exceeded 4 cm of thaw settlement, with one basin experiencing up to 12 cm. Combining the InSAR observations with the in situ active layer thickness measured using ground penetrating radar and mechanical probing, we calculated thaw strain, an index of thaw settlement strength along a transect across the basin that underwent large thaw settlement. We found thaw strains of 10-35% at the basin center, suggesting the seasonal melting of ground ice as a possible mechanism for the large settlement. These findings emphasize the dynamic nature of permafrost landforms, demonstrate the capability of the InSAR technique to remotely monitor surface deformation of individual DTLBs, and illustrate the combination of ground-based and remote sensing observations to estimate thaw strain. Our study highlights the need for better description of the spatial heterogeneity of landscape-scale processes for regional assessment of surface dynamics on Arctic coastal lowlands. C1 [Liu, L.; Parsekian, A. D.; Zebker, H. A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schaefer, K.; Zhang, T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gusmeroli, A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Grosse, G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Jones, B. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Zhang, T.] Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab West Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Liu, L (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Sci, Earth Syst Sci Programme, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM liulin@cuhk.edu.hk OI Parsekian, Andrew/0000-0001-5072-9818; Gusmeroli, Alessio/0000-0002-8355-5591; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU George Thompson Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Department of Geophysics, Stanford University; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [ARC-1204013]; US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX10AR63G]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09OAR4310063]; NSF [ARC-0901962, ARC-1107481]; Alaska Climate Science Center - US Geological Survey [G10AC00588]; NASA [NNX11AH20G]; US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; Land Change Science program FX We thank three anonymous reviewers and W. Zhao for their constructive comments. The ALOS PALSAR data are copyrighted by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and provided by the Alaska Satellite Facility, University of Alaska Fairbanks. L. Liu was supported by the George Thompson Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Department of Geophysics, Stanford University and the US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant ARC-1204013. K. Schaefer and T. Zhang were in part supported by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) NNX10AR63G, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NA09OAR4310063, and the NSF ARC-0901962. A. Gusmeroli was supported by the Alaska Climate Science Center, funded by cooperative agreement number G10AC00588 from the US Geological Survey. G. Grosse was supported by NASA NNX11AH20G and NSF ARC-1107481. B. M. Jones was supported by the US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center and the Land Change Science program. We thank J. Paine, A. Hosford Scheirer, E. Duncan and K. Duncan (Great Bear Petroleum) for providing the LiDAR DEM. We thank E. Pettit, J. Munk, M. Sturm, and C. Jones for providing field instruments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2014 VL 8 IS 3 BP 815 EP 826 DI 10.5194/tc-8-815-2014 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AK8CU UT WOS:000338655600001 ER PT J AU Hodge, BW Wilzbach, MA Duffy, WG AF Hodge, Brian W. Wilzbach, Margaret A. Duffy, Walter G. TI Potential Fitness Benefits of the Half-Pounder Life History in Klamath River Steelhead SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRESH-WATER AB Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from several of the world's rivers display the half-pounder life history, a variant characterized by an amphidromous (and, less often, anadromous) return to freshwater in the year of initial ocean entry. We evaluated factors related to expression of the half-pounder life history in wild steelhead from the lower Klamath River basin, California. We also evaluated fitness consequences of the half-pounder phenotype using a simple life history model that was parameterized with our empirical data and outputs from a regional survival equation. The incidence of the half-pounder life history differed among subbasins of origin and smolt ages. Precocious maturation occurred in approximately 8% of half-pounders and was best predicted by individual length in freshwater preceding ocean entry. Adult steelhead of the half-pounder phenotype were smaller and less fecund at age than adult steelhead of the alternative (ocean contingent) phenotype. However, our data suggest that fish of the half-pounder phenotype are more likely to spawn repeatedly than are fish of the ocean contingent phenotype. Models predicted that if lifetime survivorship were equal between phenotypes, the fitness of the half-pounder phenotype would be 17-28% lower than that of the ocean contingent phenotype. To meet the condition of equal fitness between phenotypes would require that first-year ocean survival be 21-40% higher among half-pounders in freshwater than among their cohorts at sea. We concluded that continued expression of the half-pounder phenotype is favored by precocious maturation and increased survival relative to that of the ocean contingent phenotype. C1 [Hodge, Brian W.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wilzbach, Margaret A.; Duffy, Walter G.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Hodge, BW (reprint author), Trout Unltd, POB 771233, Steamboat Springs, CO 80477 USA. EM bhodge@tu.org FU Steelhead Report Card Program of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife; Marin Rod and Gun Club FX We thank E. Bjorkstedt and E. Loudenslager for suggestions that improved the quality of study and analysis; D. Dauwalter, D. Ward, S. Wenger, and several anonymous reviewers for manuscript review; B. Bearding, W. Johnson, M. Barrett, T. Soto, M. Peterson, C. Anderson, R. Slezak, B. Poxon, and M. Ashenfelter for field support and assistance in capturing steelhead; and W. Sinnen, M. Knechtle, M. Pisano, L. Marshall, C. Adams, and M. Reber for assistance with the collection of scales and biological data. Funding was provided by the Steelhead Report Card Program of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and by the Marin Rod and Gun Club. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Geological Survey or Trout Unlimited. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 864 EP 875 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.892536 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK9DU UT WOS:000338728600004 ER PT J AU Evans, AF Hostetter, NJ Collis, K Roby, DD Loge, FJ AF Evans, A. F. Hostetter, N. J. Collis, K. Roby, D. D. Loge, F. J. TI Relationship between Juvenile Fish Condition and Survival to Adulthood in Steelhead SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUMMER CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MIGRATION; PREDATION; BYPASS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GAIRDNERI; SMOLTS AB Understanding how individual characteristics are associated with survival is important to programs aimed at recovering fish populations of conservation concern. To evaluate whether individual fish characteristics observed during the juvenile life stage were associated with the probability of returning as an adult, juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from two distinct population segments (DPSs; Snake River and upper Columbia River) were captured, photographed to determine external condition (body injuries, descaling, signs of disease, fin damage, and ectoparasites), measured, classified by rearing type (hatchery, wild), marked with a PIT tag, and released to continue out-migration to the Pacific Ocean during 2007-2010. The PIT tags of returning adults were interrogated in fishways at hydroelectric dams on the lower Columbia River 1-3 years following release as juveniles. Juvenile-to-adult survival models were investigated independently for each DPS and indicated that similar individual fish characteristics were important predictors of survival to adulthood for both steelhead populations. The data analysis provided strong support for survival models that included explanatory variables for fish length, rearing type, and external condition, in addition to out-migration year and timing. The probability of a juvenile surviving to adulthood was positively related to length and was higher for wild fish compared with hatchery fish. Survival was lower for juveniles with body injuries, fin damage, and external signs of disease. Models that included variables for descaling and ectoparasite infestation, however, had less support than those that incorporated measures of body injuries, fin damage, and disease. Overall, results indicated that individual fish characteristics recorded during the juvenile life stage can be used to predict adult survivorship in multiple steelhead populations. C1 [Evans, A. F.; Hostetter, N. J.; Collis, K.] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Roby, D. D.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Loge, F. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Collis, K (reprint author), Real Time Res Inc, 52 Southwest Roosevelt Ave, Bend, OR 97702 USA. EM ken@realtimeresearch.com FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District FX We thank B. Cramer, J. Tennyson, M. Carper, P. Loschl, and numerous technicians for their help in the field. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, provided funding to tag juvenile fish used in this study, for which we are grateful. We especially thank M. Plummer, B. Spurgeon, D. Tratchenbarg, and C. Pinney for providing access to Snake River dams and for providing logistical support. We thank the Chelan County Public Utility District, particularly S. Hemstrom and B. Keesee, for providing access to Rock Island Dam and for allowing us to work with their staff at the juvenile fish facility. The use of trade or product names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. All handling of live fish as part of this study followed protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Oregon State University. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 899 EP 909 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.901248 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK9DU UT WOS:000338728600007 ER PT J AU Thompson, JN Beauchamp, DA AF Thompson, Jamie N. Beauchamp, David A. TI Size-Selective Mortality of Steelhead during Freshwater and Marine Life Stages Related to Freshwater Growth in the Skagit River, Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PUGET-SOUND; PINK SALMON AB We evaluated freshwater growth and survival from juvenile (ages 0-3) to smolt (ages 1-5) and adult stages in wild steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss sampled in different precipitation zones of the Skagit River basin, Washington. Our objectives were to determine whether significant size-selectivemortality (SSM) in steelhead could be detected between early and later freshwater stages and between each of these freshwater stages and returning adults and, if so, how SSM varied between these life stages and mixed and snow precipitation zones. Scale-based size-at-annulus comparisons indicated that steelhead in the snow zone were significantly larger at annulus 1 than those in the mixed rain-snow zone. Size at annuli 2 and 3 did not differ between precipitation zones, and we found no precipitation zone x life stage interaction effect on size at annulus. Significant freshwater and marine SSM was evident between the juvenile and adult samples at annulus 1 and between each life stage at annuli 2 and 3. Rapid growth between the final freshwater annulus and the smolt migration did not improve survival to adulthood; rather, it appears that survival in the marine environment may be driven by an overall higher growth rate set earlier in life, which results in a larger size at smolt migration. Efforts for recovery of threatened Puget Sound steelhead could benefit by considering that SSM between freshwater and marine life stages can be partially attributed to growth attained in freshwater habitats and by identifying those factors that limit growth during early life stages. C1 [Thompson, Jamie N.] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Thompson, JN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jthompson@r2usa.com FU Seattle City Light (SCL); Upper Skagit Indian Tribe; Puget Sound Anglers; Wild Steelhead Coalition FX This research was funded by Seattle City Light (SCL), Upper Skagit Indian Tribe, Puget Sound Anglers, and Wild Steelhead Coalition. Christian Torgersen (U.S. Geological Survey and University of Washington School of Environmental and Forest Sciences) and Ed Connor (SCL) reviewed and improved this manuscript. Mara Zimmerman, Clayton Kinsel, Lance Campbell, Brett Barkdull, and Lucinda Morrow (all WDFW), and Dave Pflug (SCL) provided scale samples. Mark Sorel and Bryan Donahue (University of Washington) and Jon-Paul Shannahan, Tim Shelton, and Josh Adams (Upper Skagit Indian Tribe) helped collect field data and process samples. Comments by Richard Beamish, Sean Hayes, and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. The United States Forest Service Darrington Ranger Station and SCL provided housing for fieldwork. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 910 EP 925 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.901253 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK9DU UT WOS:000338728600008 ER PT J AU Muir, AM Bronte, CR Zimmerman, MS Quinlan, HR Glase, JD Krueger, CC AF Muir, A. M. Bronte, C. R. Zimmerman, M. S. Quinlan, H. R. Glase, J. D. Krueger, C. C. TI Ecomorphological Diversity of Lake Trout at Isle Royale, Lake Superior SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BEAR-LAKE; CHARR SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; DEEP-WATER CISCOES; SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; FISH COMMUNITY; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; SHALLOW-WATER; SLAVE LAKE; FOOD-WEB; MORPHOTYPES AB Four Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush morphs were identified from Isle Royale, Lake Superior; the morphs differed in shape, traits linked to feeding and locomotion, buoyancy, and physical habitat use. Lean, humper, and siscowet Lake Trout generally conformed to previous descriptions, and we report, for the first time, quantitative evidence of a fourth morph, previously described anecdotally as the "redfin." Jackknife classification of individuals to morphs based on body shape were 94% correct. High variation within and low variation among morphs led to moderately low percent agreement among visual identifications and high uncertainty in Bayesian model groupings of morphs. Eight linear measures of phenotypic traits linked to feeding (i.e., head and eyes) and locomotion (i.e., fin lengths and caudal peduncle shape) varied among morphs, consistent with specialized adaptations for trophic and physical resource use. Habitat differed among morphs with leans being most abundant in the 0-50-m depth stratum and siscowets most abundant in two deeper strata (50-100 and 100-150 m). Differences in capture depth and percent buoyancy reflected physical habitat and known trophic resource partitioning among morphs. While the historical fingerprint of morphological and ecological diversity in Lake Superior Lake Trout persists, it is unknown whether the contemporary low level of differentiation is due to ecological release without subsequent reorganization or to a complete breakdown of differentiation. C1 [Muir, A. M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Muir, A. M.; Zimmerman, M. S.; Krueger, C. C.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bronte, C. R.; Quinlan, H. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Glase, J. D.] Natl Pk Serv, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Muir, AM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM amuir@glfc.org FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission through the Fishery Research Program FX We thank Stewert Sivertson and Enar and Betty Strom for their knowledge of Lake Superior and its fishes, and for their hospitality at Washington and Barnam islands. Jonathan Pyatskowit provided cheerful and able assistance with field work. Thanks to Scott Miehls (U.S. Geological Survey) and Sarah Seegert and Christina Haska (Great Lakes Fishery Commission) for their assistance collecting morphological data. Thanks to Shawn Sitar (Michigan Department of Natural Resources) and two anonymous reviewers for constructive feedback on the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission through the Fishery Research Program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 92 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 972 EP 987 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.900823 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK9DU UT WOS:000338728600012 ER PT J AU Pritt, JJ DuFour, MR Mayer, CM Roseman, EF DeBruyne, RL AF Pritt, Jeremy J. DuFour, Mark R. Mayer, Christine M. Roseman, Edward F. DeBruyne, Robin L. TI Sampling Little Fish in Big Rivers: Larval Fish Detection Probabilities in Two Lake Erie Tributaries and Implications for Sampling Effort and Abundance Indices SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; SPECIES DETECTION; CLASS STRENGTH; DETROIT RIVER; GREAT-PLAINS; STRIPED BASS; HABITAT USE; HISTORY; COLONIZATION AB Larval fish are frequently sampled in coastal tributaries to determine factors affecting recruitment, evaluate spawning success, and estimate production from spawning habitats. Imperfect detection of larvae is common, because larval fish are small and unevenly distributed in space and time, and coastal tributaries are often large and heterogeneous. We estimated detection probabilities of larval fish from several taxa in the Maumee and Detroit rivers, the two largest tributaries of Lake Erie. We then demonstrated how accounting for imperfect detection influenced (1) the probability of observing taxa as present relative to sampling effort and (2) abundance indices for larval fish of two Detroit River species. We found that detection probabilities ranged from 0.09 to 0.91 but were always less than 1.0, indicating that imperfect detection is common among taxa and between systems. In general, taxa with high fecundities, small larval length at hatching, and no nesting behaviors had the highest detection probabilities. Also, detection probabilities were higher in the Maumee River than in the Detroit River. Accounting for imperfect detection produced up to fourfold increases in abundance indices for Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum. The effect of accounting for imperfect detection in abundance indices was greatest during periods of low abundance for both species. Detection information can be used to determine the appropriate level of sampling effort for larval fishes and may improve management and conservation decisions based on larval fish data. C1 [Pritt, Jeremy J.; DuFour, Mark R.; Mayer, Christine M.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43618 USA. [Roseman, Edward F.; DeBruyne, Robin L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pritt, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jeremy.pritt@rockets.utoledo.edu OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Template 70: Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor; NOAA [NA09OAR41718] FX We thank N. Arend, C. Becher, D. Bennion, P. Bichier, E. Bouckaert, J. Craig, E. George, S. Ireland, C. Jovanovic, G. Kennedy, K. Lincoln, M. Kuebbeler, B. Manny, E. MacDonald, M. McLean, S. Panek, R. Mapes, A. Maran, J. Ross, B. Sander, J. Sutherland, and P. Thompson for their help with field work and laboratory work. Thanks are also extended to W. Ingram for his help implementing abundance indices and to S. Bolmquist and B. Peoples for their comments, which greatly improved this manuscript. This work was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Template 70: Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor, and NOAA award number NA09OAR41718. This is contribution 2014-07 of the University of Toledo Lake Erie Center and 1846 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 1011 EP 1027 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.911204 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK9DU UT WOS:000338728600015 ER PT J AU Dekar, MP McCauley, C Ray, JW King, RS AF Dekar, Matthew P. McCauley, Cagney Ray, Jesse W. King, Ryan S. TI Thermal Tolerance, Survival, and Recruitment of Cyprinids Exposed to Competition and Chronic Heat Stress in Experimental Streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; COMMUNITY-WIDE MEASURES; ISOTOPE RATIOS PROVIDE; NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; BLACKTAIL SHINER; RED SHINER; RIVER; MAXIMUM; WIDESPREAD AB We examined survival, competition, and recruitment among cyprinids that were subjected to interspecific and intraspecific competition and chronic heat stress in large, outdoor experimental streams. The study was conducted in 2011 during the hottest summer (also one of the driest summers) recorded in Texas. We measured survival of Red Shiners Cyprinella lutrensis, Blacktail Shiners Cyprinella venusta, and Central Stonerollers Campostoma anomalum stocked at varying densities to examine competitive interactions. Trophic interactions among Blacktail Shiner density treatments were assessed with stable isotope analysis (SIA), and mitochondrial markers were used to examine the lineage of young-of-the-year shiners spawned during the study. Stocking survival was significantly greater for Red Shiners, and both shiner species demonstrated higher overall survival rates than Central Stonerollers. Although SIA results were variable among replicate streams, more generalist foraging patterns were observed for Blacktail Shiners in the high-density treatment (intraspecific competition; no Red Shiners present) relative to the low-density Blacktail Shiner treatment. Less trophic redundancy was observed in the interspecific competition treatment (Blacktail Shiners and Red Shiners co-occurring) compared with the same density of Blacktail Shiners only (high-density treatment). Despite the potentially lethal water temperatures, including 4 d on which water temperatures exceeded 37 degrees C, mitochondrial sequences showed that both Red Shiners and Blacktail Shiners were able to spawn during the study. These results collectively highlight potential mechanisms for explaining fish assemblage responses at local and landscape scales, such as the Red Shiner's recent range expansion and increased abundance in some areas of Texas. Our findings are relevant for forecasting regional changes in fish species distributions in response to more frequent droughts and warmer summers due to climate change. C1 [Dekar, Matthew P.; McCauley, Cagney; Ray, Jesse W.; King, Ryan S.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Dekar, MP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton Fish & Wildlife Off, 850 South Guild Ave,Suite 105, Lodi, CA 95624 USA. EM matthew_dekar@fws.gov FU Baylor University [0301533EY]; Vice Provost for Research Postdoctoral Fellowship; C. Gus Glasscock Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Science; Baylor Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship FX This project was funded by grants from Baylor University, including a University Research Committee grant (0301533EY) to R.S.K., a Vice Provost for Research Postdoctoral Fellowship to M.P.D., a grant from the C. Gus Glasscock Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Science to J.W.R., and a Baylor Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship to C.M. We thank Jeffrey Back, Andrew Chang, Jennifer Klidies, and Jason Taylor for field support and Ren Zhang for SIA. We are also grateful to Tom Conry and Nora Schell for logistical assistance at the Lake Waco Wetlands. Two anonymous referees provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. Fish were collected under the authority of a scientific collection permit issued by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Experimental protocols were approved by the Baylor University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (236532-1). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 1028 EP 1036 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.911206 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK9DU UT WOS:000338728600016 ER PT J AU Seegert, SEZ Rosi-Marshall, EJ Baxter, CV Kennedy, TA Hall, RO Cross, WF AF Seegert, Sarah E. Zahn Rosi-Marshall, Emma J. Baxter, Colden V. Kennedy, Theodore A. Hall, Robert O., Jr. Cross, Wyatt F. TI High Diet Overlap between Native Small-Bodied Fishes and Nonnative Fathead Minnow in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SAN-JUAN RIVER; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; QUANTILE REGRESSION; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; NEW-MEXICO; CONSERVATION; TURBIDITY; DYNAMICS; LARVAL; GROWTH AB River regulation may mediate the interactions among native and nonnative species, potentially favoring nonnative species and contributing to the decline of native populations. We examined food resource use and diet overlap among small-bodied fishes in the Grand Canyon section of the Colorado River as a first step in evaluating potential resource competition. We compared the diets of the predominant small-bodied fishes (native Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus, juvenile Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis, and juvenile Bluehead Sucker C. discobolus, and nonnative Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas) across seasons at four sites downstream of Glen Canyon Dam using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and Schoener's similarity index. The diets of these fishes included diatoms, amorphous detritus, aquatic invertebrates (especially simuliid and chironomid larvae), terrestrial invertebrates, and terrestrial vegetation. Diets varied with season and were affected by high turbidity. Fish consumed more amorphous detritus and terrestrial vegetation during the summer monsoon season (July-September), when turbidity was higher. The diets of all species overlapped, but there was large variation in the degree of overlap. The diets of juvenile suckers and Fathead Minnows were most similar, while Speckled Dace had relatively distinct diets. The differences took the form of higher proportions of diatoms and amorphous detritus in the diets of Bluehead Suckers and Fathead Minnows and higher proportions of simuliids and chironomids in those of Speckled Dace. If food resources are or become limiting, diet overlap suggests that competition may occur among native and nonnative species, which could have implications for the population dynamics of these fishes and for the management of the Colorado River ecosystem in Grand Canyon. C1 [Seegert, Sarah E. Zahn] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. [Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Baxter, Colden V.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stream Ecol Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Kennedy, Theodore A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Cross, Wyatt F.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Seegert, SEZ (reprint author), Utah Div Wildlife Resources, 515 East 5300 South, Ogden, UT 84405 USA. EM sseegert@utah.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program through U.S. Geological Survey [05WRAG005]; Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program through Loyola University of Chicago Graduate School FX We thank many people for laboratory and field assistance, especially A. Adams, A. Aubeneau, K. Behn, N. Bender, A. Copp, K. Donner, J. Kampman, H. Kelly, D. Kincaid, and M. Schroer. We thank Carol Fritzinger, Mike Yard, Brian Dierker, and Humphrey's Summit support staff for the excellent logistical support and river knowledge they provided. This work was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program through U.S. Geological Survey cooperative agreement 05WRAG005 to R.O.H. and E.R.M. and through a fellowship to S.E.Z.S. from the Loyola University of Chicago Graduate School. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 1072 EP 1083 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.901250 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK9DU UT WOS:000338728600020 ER PT J AU Roseman, EF Thompson, PA Farrell, JM Mandrak, NE Stepien, CA AF Roseman, Edward F. Thompson, Patricia A. Farrell, John M. Mandrak, Nicholas E. Stepien, Carol A. TI Conservation and management of fisheries and aquatic communities in Great Lakes connecting channels SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID TARGETS; RIVER C1 [Roseman, Edward F.; Thompson, Patricia A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Farrell, John M.] SUNY Syracuse, Dept Environm & Forestry Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Mandrak, Nicholas E.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON, Canada. [Stepien, Carol A.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Great Lakes Genet Genom Lab, Toledo, OH 43616 USA. [Stepien, Carol A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43616 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.03.003 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600001 ER PT J AU Patterson, TA Grundel, R AF Patterson, Tamatha A. Grundel, Ralph TI Conservation Action Planning: Lessons learned from the St. Marys River watershed biodiversity conservation planning process SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Connecting channel; Conservation planning; Conservation Action Planning; St. Marys River; St. Marys River watershed AB Conservation Action Planning (CAP) is an adaptive management planning process refined by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and embraced worldwide as the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation. The CAP process facilitates open, multi-institutional collaboration on a common conservation agenda through organized actions and quantified results. While specifically designed for conservation efforts, the framework is adaptable and flexible to multiple scales and can be used for any collaborative planning effort. The CAP framework addresses inception; design and development of goals, measures, and strategies; and plan implementation and evaluation. The specific components of the CAP include defining the project scope and conservation targets; assessing the ecological viability; ascertaining threats and surrounding situation; identifying opportunities and designing strategies for action; and implementing actions and monitoring results. In 2007, TNC and a multidisciplinary graduate student team from the University of Michigan's School of Natural Resources and Environment initiated a CAP for the St. Marys River, the connecting channel between Lake Superior and Lake Huron, and its local watershed. The students not only gained experience in conservation planning, but also learned lessons that notably benefited the CAP process and were valuable for any successful collaborative effort a dedicated core team improved product quality, accelerated the timeline, and provided necessary support for ongoing efforts; an academic approach in preparation for engagement in the planning process brought applicable scientific research to the forefront, enhanced workshop facilitation, and improved stakeholder participation; and early and continuous. interactions with regional stakeholders improved cooperation and built a supportive network for collaboration. (C) 2013 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Patterson, Tamatha A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Grundel, Ralph] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Patterson, TA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM tpatterson@usgs.gov; rgrundel@usgs.gov OI Patterson, Tamatha/0000-0002-1648-8114 FU Nature Conservancy FX The authors thank the University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and the Environment, the Educational Foundation of America, The Nature Conservancy for funding the St. Marys River Watershed CAP: the SNRE graduate student team members: Adrienne Marino, Robyn Harris, Brad Kinder, and Vanessa Parker-Geismen, and academic advisor, Professor J. David Allan, for their contributions to the St. Marys River Watershed CAP that forms the basis for this paper; and Noel Pavlovic, and the journal reviewers for their constructive comments of this manuscript. This article is contribution No. 1768 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.07.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600002 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, JS Rogers, MW Fielder, DG Godby, N Bowen, A O'Connor, L Parrish, J Greenwood, S Chong, S Wright, G AF Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. Rogers, Mark W. Fielder, David G. Godby, Neal Bowen, Anjanette O'Connor, Lisa Parrish, Josh Greenwood, Susan Chong, Stephen Wright, Greg TI Designing long-term fish community assessments in connecting channels: Lessons from the Saint Marys River SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Saint Marys River; Long-term data; Cisco; Northern pike; Walleye; Yellow perch ID MICHIGAN; LENGTH; AGE; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES AB Long-term surveys are useful in understanding trends in connecting channel fish communities; a gill net assessment in the Saint Marys River performed periodically since 1975 is the most comprehensive connecting channels sampling program within the Laurentian Great Lakes. We assessed efficiency of that survey, with intent to inform development of assessments at other connecting channels. We evaluated trends in community composition, effort versus estimates of species richness, ability to detect abundance changes for four species, and effects of subsampling yellow perch catches on size and age-structure metrics. Efficiency analysis revealed low power to detect changes in species abundance, whereas reduced effort could be considered to index species richness. Subsampling simulations indicated that subsampling would have allowed reliable estimates of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) population structure, while greatly reducing the number of fish that were assigned ages. Analyses of statistical power and efficiency of current sampling protocols are useful for managers collecting and using these types of data as well as for the development of new monitoring programs. Our approach provides insight into whether survey goals and objectives were being attained and can help evaluate ability of surveys to answer novel questions that arise as management strategies are refined. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.; Rogers, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Fielder, David G.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Alpena Fisheries Res Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Godby, Neal] Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Northern Lake Huron Management Unit, Gaylord, MI 49735 USA. [Bowen, Anjanette] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [O'Connor, Lisa] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. [Parrish, Josh] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Greenwood, Susan; Chong, Stephen; Wright, Greg] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. RP Schaeffer, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jschaeffer@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.03.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600003 ER PT J AU Hondorp, DW Roseman, EF Manny, BA AF Hondorp, Darryl W. Roseman, Edward F. Manny, Bruce A. TI An ecological basis for future fish habitat restoration efforts in the Huron-Erie Corridor SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fish; Connecting channels; Habitat restoration; St. Clair River; Detroit River; Lake St. Clair ID ST-CLAIR RIVER; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; DETROIT RIVER; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MISSOURI RIVER; WHITEFISH; STURGEON; ECOSYSTEMS; WALLEYE AB This perspective describes the major natural and anthropogenic forces driving change in the abundance and quality of fish habitats in the Huron-Erie Corridor (HEC), the Great Lakes connecting channel comprised of the St. Clair River, the Lake St. Clair, and the Detroit River. Channels connecting the Laurentian Great Lakes discharge large volumes of water equal to or greater than most other large rivers in the world that is of consistent high quality and volume, all year. Owing to creation of the St. Lawrence Seaway through the Great Lakes, the connecting channels have been modified by dredging over 200 km of deep-draft shipping lanes with a maintained depth of no less than 8.2 m. Combined with modification of their shorelines for housing and industries, use of the connecting channels for discharges of industrial and municipal wastes and shipping has resulted in numerous beneficial use impairments, such as restrictions on fish and wildlife consumption, degradation of fish and wildlife populations, and losses of fish and wildlife habitat. Various options for remediation of native fish populations and their habitats in the Great Lakes connecting channels, including construction of spawning habitat for threatened and high-value food fishes, such as lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), walleye (Sander vitreus), and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), have been implemented successfully in two of the channels, and form the basis for further recommended research described in this article. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Hondorp, Darryl W.; Roseman, Edward F.; Manny, Bruce A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hondorp, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project [70]; NOAA Great Lakes Coastal Habitat Restoration Program [NA10NMF4630409] FX This work was supported by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project #70-Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor and the NOAA Great Lakes Coastal Habitat Restoration Program, Grant No. NA10NMF4630409. The authors thank the following for their contributions to this manuscript: D. Bennion, P. Thompson, D.A. Wilcox, C.P. Madenjian and one anonymous reviewer. This article is contribution 1815 of the Great Lakes Science Center. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.12.007 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600004 ER PT J AU Hartig, JH Zarull, MA Corkum, LD Green, N Ellison, R Cook, A Green, E Norwood, G AF Hartig, John H. Zarull, Michael A. Corkum, Lynda D. Green, Natalie Ellison, Rosanne Cook, Anna Green, Ellen Norwood, Gregory TI Habitat management lessons from the environs of the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Habitat management; Ecological benefits; Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge ID GREAT-LAKES; REHABILITATION; CONSERVATION AB The Detroit River and western Lake Erie, located in the heart of the Great Lakes basin, support a great diversity of fish and wildlife, and their habitats, despite the enormity of habitat losses due to urban development and industrialization. This ecosystem also links Canada and the U.S. who share a long history of cooperative conservation. The river and lake are: at the intersection of two major North American bird migration flyways (i.e., the Atlantic and Mississippi); a significant fish migration corridor; and well recognized for their unique biodiversity. Over the past three decades much has been done to improve environmental conditions and to restore and conserve habitats. This paper reviews habitat management efforts within the environs of the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge and provides advice to improve such efforts in the future. Ecological improvements resulting from these habitat projects, as well as the cumulative effects of these changes, have yet to be quantified or evaluated against existing program goals or targets. Habitat management remains a fragmented responsibility among many agencies and interests, which is often an obstacle to realizing ecological improvements, recovery, and sustainability. Moreover, cumulative habitat modifications are not reviewed often enough with respect to their impacts on the goals and targets established in existing programs, as well as their impacts on ecosystem results (e.g., fish or wildlife productivity). Clearly, there is a need to share experiences, synthesize science, learn from mistakes and successes, coordinate activities, and transfer knowledge on best practices and ecological effectiveness of habitat management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hartig, John H.; Cook, Anna; Norwood, Gregory] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Detroit River Int Refuge, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Zarull, Michael A.] Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Corkum, Lynda D.; Green, Ellen] Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Green, Natalie] Detroit River Canadian Cleanup, Essex, ON N8M 1Y6, Canada. [Ellison, Rosanne] US EPA, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Hartig, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Detroit River Int Refuge, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM john_hartig@fws.gov FU Canadian Consulate; CDM; City of Windsor; Detroit River Canadian Cleanup; DTE Energy; Environment Canada; Essex Region Conservation Authority; Friends of the Detroit River; International Joint Commission; International Wildlife Refuge Alliance; Metropolitan Affairs Coalition; Michigan Sea Grant; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; University of Michigan-Dearborn; University of Windsor; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Windsor Port Authority FX We thank speakers and participants of the 2009 State of the Strait Conference held at the University of Windsor on April 28, 2009 and we gratefully acknowledge their contributions. The conference and this manuscript were made possible by the generous financial contributions from: the Canadian Consulate, CDM, City of Windsor, Detroit River Canadian Cleanup, DTE Energy, Environment Canada, Essex Region Conservation Authority, Friends of the Detroit River, International Joint Commission, International Wildlife Refuge Alliance, Metropolitan Affairs Coalition, Michigan Sea Grant, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, University of Michigan-Dearborn, University of Windsor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, and Windsor Port Authority. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.06.001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600005 ER PT J AU Bennion, DH Manny, BA AF Bennion, David H. Manny, Bruce A. TI A model to locate potential areas for lake sturgeon spawning habitat construction in the St. Clair-Detroit River System SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake sturgeon; Spawning; Habitat; GIS; St. Clair River; Detroit River ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; WHITE STURGEON; KOOTENAI RIVER; MICHIGAN; MOVEMENTS; CHANNEL AB In response to a need for objective scientific information that could be used to help remediate loss of fish spawning habitat in the St. Clair River and Detroit River International Areas of Concern, this paper summarizes a large-scale geographic mapping investigation. Our study integrates data on two variables that many riverine fishes respond to in selecting where to spawn in these waters (water flow velocity and water depth) with available maps of the St Clair-Detroit River System (SC-DRS). Our objectives were to locate and map these two physical components of fish habitat in the St Clair and Detroit rivers and Lake St Clair using a geographic information system (GIS) and to identify where, theoretically, fish spawning habitat could be remediated in these rivers. The target fish species to which this model applies is lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), but spawning reefs constructed for lake sturgeon in this system have been used for spawning by 17 species of fish. Our analysis revealed areas in each river that possessed suitable water velocity and depth for fish spawning and therefore could theoretically be remediated by the addition of rock-rubble substrate like that used at two previously remediated sites in the Detroit River at Belle Isle and Fighting Island. Results of our analysis revealed that only 3% of the total area of the SC-DRS possesses the necessary combination of water depth and high flow velocity to be indicated by the model as potential spawning habitat for lake sturgeon. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bennion, David H.; Manny, Bruce A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Bennion, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbennion@usgs.gov; bmanny@usgs.gov FU USEPA Great Lakes National Program Office; USGS [06-R3-04]; EPA project [DW-14-95773201] FX We thank the USEPA Great Lakes National Program Office for the funding, and David Holtschlag with USGS Water Resources, David Schwab, NOAA, GLOS, GLC, Thierry Faure and Jacob Bruxer for providing the data, and K. Kowalski, D. Warner from USGS and J. Chiotti from USFWS. This was research project No. 06-R3-04 of the USGS, and EPA project No. DW-14-95773201. This report is contribution number 1837 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.02.002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600007 ER PT J AU Francis, JT Chiotti, JA Boase, JC Thomas, MV Manny, BA Roseman, EF AF Francis, James T. Chiotti, Justin A. Boase, James C. Thomas, Mike V. Manny, Bruce A. Roseman, Edward F. TI A description of the nearshore fish communities in the Huron-Erie Corridor using multiple gear types SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Fish community; Nearshore; Species richness; Diversity; Gear comparisons ID LAKES COASTAL WETLANDS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY IBI; GREAT-LAKES; INDEX; MARSHES; HABITAT; ASSEMBLAGES; QUALITY; WATERS; AREAS AB Great Lakes coastal wetlands provide a critical habitat for many fish species throughout their life cycles. Once home to one of the largest wetland complexes in the Great Lakes, coastal wetlands in the Huron-Erie Corridor (HEC) have decreased dramatically since the early 1900s. We characterized the nearshore fish communities at three different wetland complexes in the HEC using electrofishing, seines, and fyke nets. Species richness was highest in the Detroit River (63), followed by the St. Clair Delta (56), and Western Lake Erie (47). The nearshore fish communities in the Detroit River and St. Clair Delta consisted primarily of shiners, bluntnose minnow, centrarchids, and brook silverside, while the Western lake Erie sites consisted of high proportions of non-native taxa including common carp, gizzard shad, goldfish, and white perch. Species richness estimates using individual-based rarefaction curves were higher when using electrofishing data compared to fyke nets or seine hauls at each wetland. Twelve fish species were captured exclusively during electrofishing assessments, while one species was captured exclusively in fyke nets, and none exclusively during seine hauls. Western Lake Erie wetlands were more indicative of degraded systems with lower species richness, lower proportion of turbidity intolerant species, and increased abundance of non-native taxa. This work highlights the importance of coastal wetlands in the HEC by capturing 69 different fish species utilizing these wetlands to fulfill life history requirements and provides insight when selecting gears to sample nearshore littoral areas. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Francis, James T.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Waterford Fisheries Stn, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. [Chiotti, Justin A.; Boase, James C.] Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Waterford Substn, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. [Thomas, Mike V.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake St Clair Res Stn, Harrison Twp, MI 48045 USA. [Manny, Bruce A.; Roseman, Edward F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Chiotti, JA (reprint author), Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Waterford Substn, 7806 Gale Rd, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. EM francisj@michigan.gov; justin_chiotti@fws.gov; james_boase@fws.gov; thomasm4@michigan.gov; bmanny@usgs.gov; eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Cost Share Grant Program FX The authors would like to thank Todd Somers, Dennis Tar, Cleyo Harris, Gary Towns, Jeff Braunscheidel, John Hartig, and James McFee for assistance with field work, study design, and fish identification. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. A portion of this work was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Cost Share Grant Program. This is contribution number 1798 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.01.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600008 ER PT J AU McDonald, EA McNaught, AS Roseman, EF AF McDonald, Erik A. McNaught, A. Scott Roseman, Edward F. TI Use of main channel and two backwater habitats by larval fishes in the Detroit River SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Larval fishes; Habitat use; Diet; Growth; Nursery area; Detroit River ID LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; OF-THE-YEAR; YELLOW PERCH; PREY AVAILABILITY; YOUNG FISH; ST-CLAIR; LAKE; GROWTH AB Recent investigations in the Detroit River have revealed renewed spawning activity by several important fishes, but little is known about their early life history requirements. We surveyed two main channel and two backwater areas in the lower Detroit River weekly from May to July 2007 to assess habitat use by larval fishes. Backwater areas included a soft-sediment embayment (FI) and a hard-sediment area (HIW). Main channel sites were located adjacent to each backwater area. Water temperature, velocity and clarity measurements and zooplankton samples were collected weekly. A macrophyte assessment was conducted in July. Growth and diet of larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) were used to assess habitat quality. Macrophyte diversity and percent cover were higher and velocity lower at FI than HIW. Although larval fish diversity was highest in the main channel, yellow perch and bluegill larvae only grew beyond the yolk stage at FI, where they preferentially selected copepods, while Daphnia were selected in the main channel. Round goby ate harpacticoid copepods and Daphnia and grew at similar rates in HIW and the main channel. These data indicate that FI was a valuable nursery area for yellow perch and bluegill, whereas HIW was better suited to round goby. We only assessed two backwater areas, thus a complete census of wetland areas in the Detroit River is needed to identify valuable habitats. Restoration of shallow backwater areas is essential for rehabilitating fish populations and should be a priority in the Detroit River. (C) 2013 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McDonald, Erik A.; McNaught, A. Scott] Cent Michigan Univ, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Roseman, Edward F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 49105 USA. RP McNaught, AS (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, 217 Brooks Hall, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM emcdonal@u.washington.edu; mcnau1as@cmich.edu OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU Central Michigan University; U.S. Geological Survey FX We would like to thank Central Michigan University and the U.S. Geological Survey for funding this research. We also thank B. Manny and K. Kowalski (USGS) for assistance With our macrophyte sampling protocol, D. Bennion (USGS) for help with figures, student workers at CMU for help with data collection and CMU facilities for constructing the light traps used in this study. Comments by J.M. Burke helped improve this manuscript. This is contribution number 1791 of the Great Lakes Science Center and number 35 of the Central Michigan University Institute for Great Lakes Research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600010 ER PT J AU Boase, JC Manny, BA Donald, KAL Kennedy, GW Diana, JS Thomas, MV Chiotti, JA AF Boase, James C. Manny, Bruce A. Donald, Katherine A. L. Kennedy, Gregory W. Diana, James S. Thomas, Michael V. Chiotti, Justin A. TI Habitat used by juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the North Channel of the St. Clair River (Michigan, USA) SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Juvenile lake sturgeon; Habitat; Acipenser fulvescens; Side-scan sonar; Zebra mussels ID FEEDING ECOLOGY; LAWRENCE-RIVER; DETROIT RIVER; GREAT-LAKES; MOVEMENT; ONTARIO; SYSTEM; POPULATION AB Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) occupy the St. Clair River, part of a channel connecting lakes Huron and Erie in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In the North Channel of the St. Clair River, juvenile lake sturgeon (3-7 years old and 582-793 mm in length) were studied to determine movement patterns and habitat usage. Fourteen juveniles were implanted with ultrasonic transmitters and tracked June-August of 2004, 2005 and 2006. Telemetry data, Geographic Information System software, side-scan sonar, video images of the river bottom, scuba diving, and benthic substrate samples were used to determine the extent and composition of habitats they occupied. Juvenile lake sturgeon habitat selection was strongly related to water depth. No fish were found in <6 m of water and over 97% of the relocations were found at depths greater than 9 m. Available water depths exceeding 18 m only represented 3.5% of the available habitat, however 34.9% of the relocations were found at depths exceeding 18 m. Juvenile lake sturgeon did not use most areas in proportion to their availability. Sturgeon avoided clay ledges and shallow areas with silt or soft clay, which comprised approximately 39% of the benthic habitat in the North Channel. A total of 300 out of 351 documented locations were on sand and gravel habitat types mixed with clay. Lake sturgeon >700 mm in length selected sand and gravel areas mixed with zebra mussels and areas dominated by zebra mussels, while fish < 700 mm used these habitat types in proportion to their availability. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Boase, James C.; Chiotti, Justin A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Waterford Substn, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. [Manny, Bruce A.; Kennedy, Gregory W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Donald, Katherine A. L.; Diana, James S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Thomas, Michael V.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Mt Clemens Fisheries Res Stn, Mount Clemens, MI 48045 USA. RP Boase, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Waterford Substn, 7806 Gale Rd, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. EM james_boase@fws.gov; bmanny@usgs.gov; kaldonald@gmail.com; gkennedy@usgs.gov; jimd@umich.edu; thomasm4@michigan.gov; justin_chiotti@fws.gov FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2003-0117-004]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey FX We thank R. Haas, J. Hodge, R. Beasley, J. Maranowski, and K. Koster of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, BMC J. O'Hara from the US Coast Guard, Port Huron Station, and T. Purdy from Purdy Fisheries for their assistance and for use of their facilities. We thank J. McFee for interpretation of video images, D. Bennion for assistance with the figures, C. Schmuckal for library assistance, and the two anonymous reviewers of this manuscript. This study was funded by The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Project no. 2003-0117-004), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the US Geological Survey. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.11.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600011 ER PT J AU Roseman, EF AF Roseman, Edward F. TI Diet and habitat use by age-0 deepwater sculpins in northern Lake Huron, Michigan and the Detroit River SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Myoxocephalus thompsonii; Deepwater sculpin; Lake Huron; Detroit River; Diet ID MYOXOCEPHALUS-THOMPSONI; ENERGY DENSITY; GREAT-LAKES; LARVAL FISH; ST-CLAIR; ABUNDANCE; ONTARIO; ERIE; DISAPPEARANCE; POPULATION AB Deepwater sculpins (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) are an important link in deepwater benthic foodwebs of the Great Lakes. Little information exists about deepwater sculpin spawning habits and early life history ecology due to difficulty in sampling deep offshore habitats. Larval and age-0 deepwater sculpins collected in northern Lake Huron and the Detroit River during 2007 were used to improve our understanding of their habitat use, diet, age, and growth. Peak larval density reached 8.4/1000 m(3) in the Detroit River during April and was higher than that in Lake Huron. Offshore bottom trawls at DeTour and Hammond Bay first collected benthic age-0 deepwater sculpins in early September when fish were >= 25 mm TL Otolith analysis revealed that hatch dates for pelagic larvae occurred during late March and larvae remained pelagic for 40 to 60 days. Diet of pelagic larvae (10-21 mm U) was dominated by calanoid copepods at all sample locations. Diets of benthic age-0 fish varied by location and depth: Mysis and chironomids were prevalent in fish from Hammond Bay and the 91 m site at DeTour, but only chironomids were found in fish from the 37 m DeTour site. This work showed that nearshore epilimnetic sites were important for pelagic larvae and an ontogenetic shift from pelagic planktivore to benthivore occurred at about 25 mm TL in late summer. Age analysis showed that larvae remained pelagic long enough to be transported through the St. Clair-Detroit River system, Lake Erie, and the Niagara River, potentially contributing to populations in Lake Ontario. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU EPA Project [DW-14-94816701-0]; USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX Bryon Daley, Bruce Davis, Erick Larson, Erik McDonald, Timothy P. O'Brien, Phil "Phlipp" Pepper, and Edward O. Roseman assisted with field collections and laboratory processing. David Bennion, Robin DeBruyne, Ellen George, and Patricia Thompson assisted with editing and formatting of tables and figures. This project was funded by the EPA Project Number DW-14-94816701-0 and the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. This article is Contribution 1771 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.07.004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600014 ER PT J AU Manny, BA Daley, BA Boase, JC Horne, AN Chiotti, JA AF Manny, B. A. Daley, B. A. Boase, J. C. Horne, A. N. Chiotti, J. A. TI Occurrence, habitat, and movements of the endangered northern madtom.(Noturus stigmosus) in the Detroit River, 2003-2011 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Habitat; Northern madtom; Noturus stigrnosus; Detroit River; Abundance; Age ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; NOTURUS-STIGMOSUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; ST CLAIR; FISHES; MADTOM; HURON; BASIN; ERIE AB The northern madtom (Noturus stigmosus or NOM) is a small catfish, native to North America. It is globally vulnerable and endangered in Canada, Ontario, and Michigan. In 1994 and 1996, it was found in the St. Clair River and in Lake St. Clair, respectively. However, it had not been found downstream in the Detroit River since 1978. We report catches of 304 NOM from 2003 to 2011 and describe their mud and sand habitats in the deep (10 m), dark, Detroit River. We found adult NOM, including 3 ripe males (90-107 mm SL) in head waters of the river near Belle Isle in Michigan waters, and both adult and 4 juvenile NOM (21-30 mm SL) near Peche Island in Ontario waters. From 2009 to 2011, in the river's middle reach, we caught 7 adult NOM for the first time near Fighting Island in Ontario waters, but no NOM in the river's lower reach. Our mark-recapture results showed that within 6 weeks, 2 adult NOM rnoved east 2.0 km from Michigan waters near Belle Isle across the deep (10 m) Fleming Channel of the Detroit River to Canadian waters near Peche Island. Analysis of annuli from pectoral spines of 7 dead NOM revealed that they live to at least 6 years of age in the Detroit River. This is the first age data that we could find for a NOM population. Our findings extended our knowledge of habitat, reproductive ecology, age, and distribution of NOM in the Detroit River corridor. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Manny, B. A.; Daley, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Boase, J. C.; Horne, A. N.; Chiotti, J. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Waterford Substn, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. RP Manny, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM bmanny@usgs.gov; bryon.daley@yahoo.com; james.boase@fws.gov; ashlee_horne@fws.gov; justin_chiotti@fws.gov FU Essex Region Conservation Authority; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by funding from the Essex Region Conservation Authority, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank R. Stickle, J. M. Craig, and M. G. Black for technical assistance; P. Seelbach for reviewing this article; D. Bennion for preparing Fig. 1 and Table 2; and Cleyo Harris and Randy Stewart for preparing structures for aging analysis. Drs. G. R. Smith and D. W. Nelson, University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI identified two NOM that we collected and provided information about museum specimen N. stigmosus, UMMZ 214886. We thank Dr. Nicholas E. Mandrak, at the University of Toronto, for accepting tissue samples from NOM collected in our research, for genetic analyses. This article is contribution no. 1840 of the US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.01.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600015 ER PT J AU Farrell, JM Kapuscinski, KL Underwood, HB AF Farrell, John M. Kapuscinski, Kevin L. Underwood, H. Brian TI Fine scale habitat use by age-1 stocked muskellunge and wild northern pike in an upper St. Lawrence River bay SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Muskellunge; Northern pike; Habitat use; Telemetry; St. Lawrence River ID ESOX-LUCIUS L; JUVENILE MUSKELLUNGE; SPAWNING HABITAT; HOME-RANGE; MASQUINONGY; LAKE; SELECTION; WATERS AB Radio telemetry of stocked muskellunge (n = 6) and wild northern pike (n = 6) was used to track late summer and fall movements from a common release point in a known shared nursery bay to test the hypothesis that age-1 northern pike and stocked muskellunge segregate and have different habitat affinities. Water depth, temperature, substrate and aquatic vegetation variables were estimated for each muskellunge (n = 103) and northern pike (n = 131) position and nested ANOVA comparisons by species indicated differences in habitat use. Muskellunge exhibited a greater displacement from the release point and used habitat in shallower water depths (mean = 0.85 m, SE = 0.10) than northern pike (mean = 1.45 m, SE = 0.08). Both principal components analysis (PCA) and principal components ordination (PCO) were used to interpret underlying gradients relative to fish positions in two-dimensional space. Our analysis indicated that a separation of age-1 northern pike and muskellunge occurred 7 d post-release. This first principal component explained 48% of the variation in habitat use. Northern pike locations were associated with deeper habitats that generally had softer silt substrates and dense submersed vegetation. Muskellunge locations post-acclimation showed greater association with shallower habitats containing firmer sandy and clay substrates and emergent vegetation. The observed differences in habitat use suggest that fine-scale ecological separation occurred between these stocked muskellunge and wild northern pike, but small sample sizes and potential for individual variation limit extension of these conclusions. Further research is needed to determine if these patterns exist between larger samples of fishes over a greater range of habitats. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Farrell, John M.; Kapuscinski, Kevin L.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Underwood, H. Brian] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Farrell, JM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, 250 Mick Hall,1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM jmfarrell@esf.edu; klkapusc@esf.edu FU Sport Fish Restoration Grant [FA-5-R] FX Sport Fish Restoration Grant (FA-5-R) funded this study. We thank Bryan Bernard, Ken Klubek, Steven R. LaPan, and Rodger Klindt of NYSDEC Region 6 for assistance with fish tracking and field sampling. We also thank Richard T. Colesante and staff of the NYSDEC Oneida Lake Fish Hatchery for assistance with muskellunge culture and the many volunteers who assisted with trap-netting and seining over the years. Anonymous reviewers contributed significantly to earlier manuscript versions. The research is a contribution of the State University of New York, Thousand Islands Biological Station. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 2 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.01.014 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PC UT WOS:000338405600018 ER PT J AU Fiorillo, AR Fanti, F Hults, C Hasiotis, ST AF Fiorillo, Anthony R. Fanti, Federico Hults, Chad Hasiotis, Stephen T. TI NEW ICHNOLOGICAL, PALEOBOTANICAL, AND DETRITAL ZIRCON DATA FROM AN UNNAMED ROCK UNIT IN YUKON-CHARLEY RIVERS NATIONAL PRESERVE (CRETACEOUS: ALASKA): STRATIGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS FOR THE REGION SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID PRINCE CREEK FORMATION; EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; NORTH SLOPE; CANTWELL FORMATION; HIGH-LATITUDE; DINOSAURIA; TRACK; PARK; ORNITHISCHIA; PALEOECOLOGY AB A paleontological reconnaissance survey on Cretaceous and Paleogene terrestrial units along the Yukon River drainage through much of east-central Alaska has provided new chronostratigraphic constraints, paleoclimatological data, and the first information on local biodiversity within an ancient, high-latitude ecosystem. The studied unnamed rock unit is most notable for its historic economic gold placer deposits, but our survey documents its relevance as a source rock for Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrates, invertebrates, and associated flora. Specifically, new U-Pb ages from detrital zircons combined with ichnological data are indicative of a Late Cretaceous age for at least the lower section of the studied rock unit, previously considered to be representative of nearly exclusively Paleogene deposition. Further, the results of our survey show that this sedimentary rock unit preserves the first record of dinosaurs in the vast east-central Alaska region. Lastly, paleobotanical data, when compared to correlative rock units, support previous interpretations that the Late Cretaceous continental ecosystem of Alaska was heterogeneous in nature and seasonal. C1 [Fiorillo, Anthony R.] Perot Museum Nat & Sci, Dallas, TX 75201 USA. [Fanti, Federico] Univ Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Dipartimento Sci Biol Geol & Ambientali, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Hults, Chad] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hasiotis, Stephen T.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Fiorillo, AR (reprint author), Perot Museum Nat & Sci, 2201 North Field St, Dallas, TX 75201 USA. EM anthony.fiorillo@perotmuseum.org RI Fanti, Federico/K-6624-2015; OI Fanti, Federico/0000-0002-2961-8301 FU National Park Service Alaska Region (NPS); Museo Geologico Giovanni Capellini (Bologna, Italy); Fondazione Alma Mater FX The authors thank the National Park Service Alaska Region (NPS) and the staff of Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve for their financial and logistical support. The authors particularly thank Linda Stromquist, Tom Liebscher, Pat Sanders, and Jobe Chakuchin of the NPS for their help in executing the field aspect of this work. David Norton made valuable contributions during the field-collecting phase of this project. The authors also thank Robert Blodgett for bringing to their attention the numerous unpublished E&R reports held in the archives of the United States Geological Survey, Anchorage. The authors are also grateful for the very helpful reviews provided by Paul McCarthy, Thomas Adams, and James Jones, III. FF was also supported with funding by the Museo Geologico Giovanni Capellini (Bologna, Italy) and financially supported by Fondazione Alma Mater, Professor G. Gabbianelli (Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Universita di Bologna, Italy). NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 EI 1938-5323 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.2110/palo.2013.054 PG 11 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA AK4QD UT WOS:000338408300002 ER PT J AU Gunther, KA Shoemaker, RR Frey, KL Haroldson, MA Cain, SL van Mame, FT Fortin, JK AF Gunther, Kerry A. Shoemaker, Rebecca R. Frey, Kevin L. Haroldson, Mark A. Cain, Steven L. van Mame, Frank T. Fortin, Jennifer K. TI Dietary breadth of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE climate change; diet; food habits; grizzly bear; nutritional ecology; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone Ecosystem ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; BLACK BEARS; NATIONAL-PARK; LAKE; STREAMS; NUMBERS AB Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) are opportunistic omnivores that eat a great diversity of plant and animal species. Changes in climate may affect regional vegetation, hydrology, insects, and fire regimes, likely influencing the abundance, range, and elevational distribution of the plants and animals consumed by GYE grizzly bears. Determining the dietary breadth of grizzly bears is important to document future changes in food resources and how those changes may affect the nutritional ecology of grizzlies. However, no synthesis exists of all foods consumed by grizzly bears in the GYE. We conducted a review of available literature and compiled a list of species consumed by grizzly bears in the GYE. We documented >= 266 species within 200 genera from 4 kingdoms, including 175 plant, 37 invertebrate, 34 mammal, 7 fungi, 7 bird, 4 fish, 1 amphibian, and 1 algae species as well as 1 soil type consumed by grizzly bears. The average energy values of the ungulates (6.8 kcal/g), trout (Oncorhynchus spp., 6.1 kcal/g), and small mammals (4.5 kcal/g) eaten by grizzlies were higher than those of the plants (3.0 kcal/g) and invertebrates (2.7 kcal/g) they consumed. The most frequently detected diet items were graminoids, ants (Formicidae), whitebark pine seeds (Pinus albicaulis), clover (Trifolium spp.), and dandelion (Taraxacum spp.). The most consistently used foods on a temporal basis were graminoids, ants, whitebark pine seeds, clover, elk (Cervus elaphus), thistle (Cirsium spp.), and horsetail (Equisetum spp.). Historically, garbage was a significant diet item for grizzlies until refuse dumps were closed. Use of forbs increased after garbage was no longer readily available. The list of foods we compiled will help managers of grizzly bears and their habitat document future changes in grizzly bear food habits and how bears respond to changing food resources. C1 [Gunther, Kerry A.] Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Bear Management Off, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Shoemaker, Rebecca R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grizzly Bear Recovery Off, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Frey, Kevin L.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Bear Management Off, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Haroldson, Mark A.; van Mame, Frank T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Cain, Steven L.] Grand Teton Natl Pk, Moose, WY 83012 USA. [Fortin, Jennifer K.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gunther, KA (reprint author), Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Bear Management Off, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. EM kerry_gunther@nps.gov NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 53 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 EI 1938-5439 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 BP 61 EP 73 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AK4JR UT WOS:000338391500008 ER PT J AU Ehlo, CA Layzer, JB AF Ehlo, Chase A. Layzer, James B. TI Population Demographics and Life History of the Round Hickorynut (Obovaria subrotunda) in the Duck River, Tennessee SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; FLORENTINA-WALKERI BIVALVIA; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; UNIONID MUSSELS; FISH HOSTS; AGE; LONGEVITY; VIRGINIA; MOLLUSCA; GROWTH AB Population characteristics and life history aspects of healthy mussel populations are poorly understood. The reproductive cycle, age and growth, and population structure of Obovaria subrotunda were examined at four sites in the middle Duck River, Tennessee. Obovaria subrotunda was confirmed to be a bradytictic species, spawning in the late summer and holding glochidia in the gills for 11 mo until the following summer. Fecundity was positively related to mussel length (R-2 = 0.75) and ranged from 7122 to 76,584 glochidia. Fourteen species of fish found in the Duck River, in the families Percidae, Cyprinidae, and Cottidae, were infested with glochidia in the laboratory to examine potential hosts. Juveniles transformed on Etheostoma blennioides (greenside darter), E. obama (spangled darter), E. flabellare (fantail darter), and Cottus carolinae (banded sculpin). Analyses of shell thin-sections indicated that males grew faster and obtained a larger size than females. Individuals live to at least 14 y old. Females became sexually mature at age one. Four sites were quantitatively sampled using a systematic design with three random starts. The observed ratio of adult males to females (0.9:1) did not differ significantly from 1:1. Results of the quantitative sampling showed an increase in density compared to earlier studies and a high proportion of 1 to 5 y old O. subrotunda. C1 [Ehlo, Chase A.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Layzer, James B.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Ehlo, CA (reprint author), Marsh & Associates LLC, Native Fish Lab, Tempe, AZ 85282 USA. EM chase.ehlo@gmail.com FU Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Center for Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University; Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit FX The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency provided primary funding for this research. Additional funds and support were provided by the Center for Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University and the Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. We thank Kendall Moles, Stephanie Barton, Travis Dailey, Grant Lynch, Ron Cicerello, and Stephanie Chance for assistance with the field work. We also thank Don Hubbs, David Berg, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on an earlier draft. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 171 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-171.1.1 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK1WW UT WOS:000338210400001 ER PT J AU Parks, TP Quist, MC Pierce, CL AF Parks, Timothy P. Quist, Michael C. Pierce, Clay L. TI Historical Changes in Fish Assemblage Structure in Midwestern Nonwadeable Rivers SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; STREAM; COMMUNITIES; INTEGRITY; HABITAT; IOWA; MACROINVERTEBRATES; BIODIVERSITY; DEGRADATION AB Historical change in fish assemblage structure was evaluated in the mainstems of the Des Moines, Iowa, Cedar, Wapsipinicon, and Maquoketa rivers, in Iowa. Fish occurrence data were compared in each river between historical and recent time periods to characterize temporal changes among 126 species distributions and assess spatiotemporal patterns in faunal similarity. A resampling procedure was used to estimate species occurrences in rivers during each assessment period and changes in species occurrence were summarized. Spatiotemporal shifts in species composition were analyzed at the river and river section scale using cluster analysis, pairwise Jaccard's dissimilarities, and analysis of multivariate beta dispersion. The majority of species exhibited either increases or declines in distribution in all rivers with the exception of several "unknown" or inconclusive trends exhibited by species in the Maquoketa River. Cluster analysis identified temporal patterns of similarity among fish assemblages in the Des Moines, Cedar, and Iowa rivers within the historical and recent assessment period indicating a significant change in species composition. Prominent declines of backwater species with phytophilic spawning strategies contributed to assemblage changes occurring across river systems. C1 [Parks, Timothy P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Parks, TP (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 810 W Maple St, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. EM tpark765@gmail.com FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Iowa State University [1-10-6850-I] FX We thank Anna Loan-Wilsey, Gregory Gelwicks, Greg Simmons, Tom Wilton, John Olson, Karen Kinkead, others at Iowa Department of Natural Resources for providing data, guidance, and support. We also thank Michael Colvin, Jesse Fischer, Maria Dzul, Anthony Sindt, Bryan Bakevich, Joshua McCormick, and the Quist lab at University of Idaho for their technical guidance and input. Steve Chipps, Mark Pyron, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This study was performed under the auspices of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Iowa State University (protocol #1-10-6850-I). NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 171 IS 1 BP 27 EP 53 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-171.1.27 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK1WW UT WOS:000338210400003 ER PT J AU Cloern, JE Foster, SQ Kleckner, AE AF Cloern, J. E. Foster, S. Q. Kleckner, A. E. TI Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GROWTH-RATES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NARRAGANSETT BAY; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; ORGANIC-CARBON AB Estuaries are biogeochemical hot spots because they receive large inputs of nutrients and organic carbon from land and oceans to support high rates of metabolism and primary production. We synthesize published rates of annual phytoplankton primary production (APPP) in marine ecosystems influenced by connectivity to land - estuaries, bays, lagoons, fjords and inland seas. Review of the scientific literature produced a compilation of 1148 values of APPP derived from monthly incubation assays to measure carbon assimilation or oxygen production. The median value of median APPP measurements in 131 ecosystems is 185 and the mean is 252 gCm(-2) yr(-1), but the range is large: from -105 (net pelagic production in the Scheldt Estuary) to 1890 g Cm-2 yr(-1) (net phytoplankton production in Tamagawa Estuary). APPP varies up to 10-fold within ecosystems and 5-fold from year to year (but we only found eight APPP series longer than a decade so our knowledge of decadal-scale variability is limited). We use studies of individual places to build a conceptual model that integrates the mechanisms generating this large variability: nutrient supply, light limitation by turbidity, grazing by consumers, and physical processes (river inflow, ocean exchange, and inputs of heat, light and wind energy). We consider method as another source of variability because the compilation includes values derived from widely differing protocols. A simulation model shows that different methods reported in the literature can yield up to 3-fold variability depending on incubation protocols and methods for integrating measured rates over time and depth. Although attempts have been made to upscale measures of estuarine-coastal APPP, the empirical record is inadequate for yielding reliable global estimates. The record is deficient in three ways. First, it is highly biased by the large number of measurements made in northern Europe (particularly the Baltic region) and North America. Of the 1148 reported values of APPP, 958 come from sites between 30 and 60 degrees N; we found only 36 for sites south of 20 degrees N. Second, of the 131 ecosystems where APPP has been reported, 37% are based on measurements at only one location during 1 year. The accuracy of these values is unknown but probably low, given the large interannual and spatial variability within ecosystems. Finally, global assessments are confounded by measurements that are not intercomparable because they were made with different methods. Phytoplankton primary production along the continental margins is tightly linked to variability of water quality, biogeochemical processes including ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange, and production at higher trophic levels including species we harvest as food. The empirical record has deficiencies that preclude reliable global assessment of this key Earth system process. We face two grand challenges to resolve these deficiencies: (1) organize and fund an international effort to use a common method and measure APPP regularly across a network of coastal sites that are globally representative and sustained over time, and (2) integrate data into a unifying model to explain the wide range of variability across ecosystems and to project responses of APPP to regional manifestations of global change as it continues to unfold. C1 [Cloern, J. E.; Foster, S. Q.; Kleckner, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jecloern@usgs.gov OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 FU US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science; National Research Program of the Water Resources Discipline FX We thank our colleagues E. Kress, C. Martin, T. Schraga and referees C. Gallegos, L. Harding and M. Murrell for improving the content and clarity of this paper. This work was supported by US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science and the National Research Program of the Water Resources Discipline. NR 188 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 15 U2 124 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 9 BP 2477 EP 2501 DI 10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014 PG 25 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AJ8IJ UT WOS:000337946400004 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB Thorsteinsson, V Marteinsdottir, G AF Grabowski, Timothy B. Thorsteinsson, Vilhjalmur Marteinsdottir, Gudrun TI Spawning behavior in Atlantic cod: analysis by use of data storage tags SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Gadus morhua; Electronic data storage tags; Leks; Mating system; Reproductive behavior ID GADUS-MORHUA L.; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; VERTICAL MOVEMENTS; MATING SYSTEMS; SEA COD; LEK; EVOLUTION; MIGRATION; NORTH; COURTSHIP AB Electronic data storage tags (DSTs) were implanted into Atlantic cod captured in Icelandic waters from 2002 to 2007 and the depth profiles recovered from these tags (females: n = 31, males: n = 27) were used to identify patterns consistent with published descriptions of cod courtship and spawning behavior. The individual periods of time that males spent exhibiting behavior consistent with being present in a spawning aggregation-i.e. periods consisting of a clear tidal signature in the DST depth profile associated with an individual remaining on or near the substrate-were longer than those of females. Over the course of a spawning season, male cod spent approximately twice the amount of time in spawning aggregations than females, but female cod visited more aggregations per unit time. On average, males participated in approximately 57% more putative spawning events, i.e. vertical ascents potentially corresponding to gamete release, than did females. However, males <85 cm total length participated in the same number of putative spawning events as females of comparable size. In both sexes, larger individuals and/or individuals that spent a longer period of time within an aggregation participated in a larger number of putative spawning events. Although further validation and refinement is necessary, particularly in the identification of spawning events, the ability offered by DSTs to quantify cod spawning behavior may aid in the development of management and conservation plans. C1 [Grabowski, Timothy B.; Marteinsdottir, Gudrun] Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Grabowski, Timothy B.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Thorsteinsson, Vilhjalmur] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM t.grabowski@ttu.edu FU Marine Research Institute, Iceland; University of Iceland Research Fund; EU [Q5RS-2002-00813, Q5RS-2001-00953]; Icelandic Research Fund [070019023]; Fisheries Project Fund of the Icelandic Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture FX We thank all of the captains and crew members from vessels used in this study for their assistance with sampling and tagging: H. Karlsson and B. Gunnarsson of the Icelandic Marine Research Institute for their assistance with tagging; B. J. McAdam, J. Jonasson, H. Pardoe, and A. Pease for their insightful comments and suggestions on this work; S. Gudbjornsson and S. Gunnlaugsson at Star-Oddi Marine Device Manufacturing for assistance with DST deployment, data recovery, and data analysis; and the Icelandic fishermen who participated in this study by returning tags. Funding for this project was provided by the Marine Research Institute, Iceland; the University of Iceland Research Fund; the EU-projects 'CODYSSEY' (Q5RS-2002-00813; 2003-2006) and 'METACOD' (Q5RS-2001-00953; 2002-2005); the Icelandic Research Fund (grant number: 070019023); and the Fisheries Project Fund of the Icelandic Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture. Fish tagging activities conducted by V. T. under license number 0304-1901 issued by the Icelandic Committee for Welfare of Experimental Animals, Chief Veterinary Office at the Ministry of Agriculture, Reykjavik, Iceland. Cooperating agencies for the Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are the US Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 506 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.3354/meps10787 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AK0QR UT WOS:000338120000019 ER PT J AU Long, J Hu, CM Robbins, L AF Long, Jacqueline Hu, Chuanmin Robbins, Lisa TI Whiting events in SW Florida coastal waters: a case study using MODIS medium-resolution data SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE PRECIPITATION; GREAT BAHAMA BANK; LAKE-ONTARIO; LIME MUD; SATELLITE; BLOOMS; CACO3 AB Whitings, floating patches of calcium carbonate mud, have been found in both shallow carbonate banks and freshwater environments around the world. Although these events have been studied for many decades, much of their characteristics remain unknown. Recent sightings of whitings near Ten Thousand Islands, Florida suggest a phenomenon that has not previously been documented in this area. Using medium-resolution (250-m) data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from December 2010 to November 2013, we documented whiting events and their spatial and temporal patterns in this region. Classification rules were first established, and then applied to all 474 cloud-free and sun glint-free MODIS images. Whiting occurrences were found between 25 degrees 46'N and 25 degrees 20'N and less than 40 km from the southwest Florida coastline. Over the 3-year period, whiting occurrence peaked in spring and autumn and reached a minimum during the winter and summer months. Further field and laboratory research are needed to explain driving force(s) behind these events. C1 [Long, Jacqueline; Hu, Chuanmin] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Robbins, Lisa] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM huc@usf.edu FU NASA OBB programme; USF College of Marine Science FX This work was supported by the NASA OBB programme and a graduate assistantship awarded by the USF College of Marine Science. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2014 VL 5 IS 6 BP 539 EP 547 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2014.933275 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AK0KX UT WOS:000338102700005 ER PT J AU Leopold, CR Hess, SC AF Leopold, Christina R. Hess, Steven C. TI Corridor- and stopover-use of the Hawaiian goose (Branta sandvicensis), an intratropical altitudinal migrant SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brownian bridge movement models; habitat use; migration corridors; nene; net squared displacement; stopover ecology; utilization distributions ID AVIAN MIGRATION; BIRD; STRATEGIES; PATTERNS; GEESE; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE; MOVEMENT; UNGULATE; MODEL AB We outfitted six male Hawaiian geese, or nene (Branta sandvicensis), with 45-g solar-powered satellite transmitters and collected four location coordinates d(-1) from 2010 to 2012. Weused 6193 coordinates to characterize migration corridors, habitat preferences and temporal patterns of displacement for 16 migration events with Brownian bridge utilization distributions (BBUD). We used 1552 coordinates to characterize stopovers from 37 shorter-distance movement events with 25% BBUDs. Two subpopulations used a well-defined common migration corridor spanning a broad gradient of elevation. Use of native-dominated subalpine shrubland was 2.81 times more likely than the availability of this land-cover type. The nene differed from other tropical and temperate-zone migrant birds in that: (1) migration distance and the number of stopovers were unrelated (Mann-Whitney test W= 241, P < 0.006), and; (2) individual movements were not unidirectional suggesting that social interactions may be more important than refuelling en route; but like other species, nene made more direct migrations with fewer stopovers in return to breeding areas (0.58 +/- 0.50) than in migration away from breeding areas (1.64 +/- 0.48). Our findings, combined with the direction and timing of migration, which is opposite that of most other intratropical migrants, suggest fundamentally different drivers of altitudinal migration. C1 [Leopold, Christina R.] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. [Hess, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. RP Hess, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. EM shess@usgs.gov FU Park Oriented Biological Support; Natural Resources Preservation Program of the National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by Park Oriented Biological Support and the Natural Resources Preservation Program of the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. We acknowledge Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Three Mountain Alliance, Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Big Island Country Club, and Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park for access to field sites. The U. S. Army Pohakuloa Training Area provided satellite transmitters for this research. We also thank S. P. Berkowitz, K. W. Brinck, R. J. Camp, L. S. Elliott, D. Hu, J. J. Jeffrey, K. Misajon, D. R. Leopold, J. T. Polhemus, and H. Sin for assistance and M. H. Reynolds and two anonymous reviewers for many helpful suggestions. Use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 33 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 EI 1469-7831 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1017/S0266467413000783 PN 1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ5WX UT WOS:000337762100007 ER PT J AU Foster, MS AF Foster, Mercedes S. TI Can fruit pulp meet the calcium needs of tropical frugivorous passerines during reproduction? SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian reproduction; calcium; eggshell; fig; fruit; millipede; mineral lick; Peru; snail; woodlice ID TITS PARUS-MAJOR; DIGESTION OPTIMIZATION MODEL; GREAT TITS; EGGSHELL FORMATION; FOREST PASSERINES; SNAIL ABUNDANCE; BIRDS; AVAILABILITY; PERU; GEOPHAGY AB Calcium is an important nutrient for birds, especially for eggshell production and the mineralization of the skeleton of developing young. In temperate regions insects and seeds that form the bulk of the diet of breeding passerines do not contain sufficient calcium to meet the needs of breeding females and young; these birds obtain their calcium by eating snails, woodlice and millipedes. Little is known about the way tropical frugivorous passerines meet their calcium needs. The calcium contents of fruits of 34 species eaten by birds during the breeding season in mature floodplain forest in south-eastern Peru were determined. The suitability of these fruits as calcium sources for hypothetical 10-g and 25-g birds and for 26 species of frugivore that breed at the study site was evaluated based on bird body weight and on the rictal width of the bill, which influences feeding. Fruits of five species in the study area appear to be suitable sources of calcium for birds <= 25 g, although those of Ficus killipii (Moraceae) are likely optimal. The latter contain a lot of calcium (2.48% dry weight of pulp or c. 4.15 mg per pulp per fruit) and are small enough (mean diam. = 9 mm) for most birds to swallow whole, and trees produce large crops. Snails, woodlice and millipedes are common in the area and also contain sufficient calcium to meet birds' needs. In addition, birds could likely meet their calcium needs through geophagy at natural mineral licks. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Biol Survey Div, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Foster, MS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Biol Survey Div, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM fosterm@si.edu NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 EI 1469-7831 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1017/S0266467413000643 PN 1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ5WX UT WOS:000337762100008 ER PT J AU Jurzenski, JD Jorgensen, CF Bishop, A Grosse, R Riens, J Hoback, WW AF Jurzenski, Jessica D. Jorgensen, Christopher F. Bishop, Andy Grosse, Roger Riens, John Hoback, W. Wyatt TI Identifying priority conservation areas for the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Coleoptera: Silphidae), a habitat SO SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Area under the curve (AUC); endangered species; habitat suitability model; Nebraska Sandhills; threshold-dependent ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PARENTAL CARE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SUITABILITY MODELS; NEBRASKA; ECOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; ORBICOLLIS AB Conservation efforts leading to the recovery of the federally endangered American burying beetle (ABB), Nicrophorus americanus Olivier, have been challenging because of the unknown causes of its decline, difficulty in establishing habitat requirements, and unclear population distribution across the species' range. Extant populations of this widespread generalist species occur in broadly separated regions of North America with varying habitat characteristics. A habitat suitability model for ABB in the Nebraska Sandhills was developed over the course of 3 years resulting in a final cross-validated spatial model. The succession of models from 2009 to 2011 indicated that most of the predictive variables stayed constant, but biased sampling and extrapolation areas affected classifier values differently. Variables associated with ABB occurrence were loamy sand, wetland and precipitation. Five variables, loam soil, agriculture, woodland, the average maximum temperature, and urban development, were associated with ABB absence. The 2011 cross-validated model produced an AUC value of 0.82 and provided areas designated as highly likely to support ABBs. By limiting the model extent to the Sandhills ecoregion and using threshold-dependent classifiers, the final habitat suitability model could be an important resource for wildlife managers engaged in the recovery of this habitat generalist. C1 [Jurzenski, Jessica D.] Felsburg Holt & Ullevig, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Jorgensen, Christopher F.] Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, Grand Isl, NY USA. [Bishop, Andy; Grosse, Roger] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, Grand Isl, NY USA. [Riens, John] Klamath Falls Fish & Wildlife Off, Partners Fish & Wildlife Program, Klamath Falls, OR USA. [Hoback, W. Wyatt] Univ Nebraska Kearney, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE USA. RP Jurzenski, JD (reprint author), Felsburg Holt & Ullevig, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM jessica.jurzenski@fhueng.com FU Rainwater Basin Joint Venture; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Nebraska Department of Roads; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration FX We thank Neal Niemuth for his guidance in model criteria selection and providing statistical advice and software. Bob Harms and Mike Fritz provided critical assistance in the development and completion of this project. Michelle (Shelly) McPherron, Amy Smith, Andy Royle and two anonymous reviewers helped with very useful revision comments. Many thanks to the field technicians that made sampling possible, including S. Butler, L. Workman, M. McPherron, J. Carlson, A. Mijone, S. Santiago, C. Rosim, M. Parenti, S. Maestrello and J. Lammers. Rainwater Basin Joint Venture and US Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding and use of their GIS lab for the creation of these models. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission and Nebraska Department of Roads helped provide vehicles and funding for field sampling. ABB trapping was conducted under US Fish & Wildlife Service Permit No. TE045150-0. This study was funded in part through grants from the Federal Highway Administration [and Federal Transit Administration], US Department of Transportation. The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Department of Transportation. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 42 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2000 EI 1478-0933 J9 SYST BIODIVERS JI Syst. Biodivers. PY 2014 VL 12 IS 2 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.1080/14772000.2014.892542 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AJ3QE UT WOS:000337581100003 ER PT S AU Bliss, NB Waltman, SW West, LT Neale, A Mehaffey, M AF Bliss, Norman B. Waltman, Sharon W. West, Larry T. Neale, Anne Mehaffey, Megan BE Hartemink, AE McSweeney, K TI Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in the Conterminous United States SO SOIL CARBON SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Soil-Sciences Global Soil Carbon Conference CY JUN 03-06, 2013 CL Madison, WI SP Int Union Soil Sci, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Soil Sci AB The U.S. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database provides detailed soil mapping for most of the conterminous United States (CONUS). These data have been used to formulate estimates of soil carbon stocks, and have been useful for environmental models, including plant productivity models, hydrologic models, and ecological models for studies of greenhouse gas exchange. The data were compiled by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) from 1: 24,000-scale or 1: 12,000-scale maps. It was found that the total soil organic carbon stock in CONUS to 1 m depth is 57 Pg C and for the total profile is 73 Pg C, as estimated from SSURGO with data gaps filled from the 1: 250,000-scale Digital General Soil Map. We explore the non-linear distribution of soil carbon on the landscape and with depth in the soil, and the implications for sampling strategies that result from the observed soil carbon variability. C1 [Bliss, Norman B.] US Geol Survey, USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Inuteq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Waltman, Sharon W.] USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Geospatial Res Unit, Morgantown, WV USA. [West, Larry T.] USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Neale, Anne; Mehaffey, Megan] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. RP Bliss, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Inuteq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM bliss@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-3-319-04084-4; 978-3-319-04083-7 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2014 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_9 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA6KO UT WOS:000337169400011 ER PT J AU Kellock, KA Trushel, BE Ely, PC Jennings, CA Bringolf, RB AF Kellock, Kristen A. Trushel, Brittany E. Ely, Patrick C. Jennings, Cecil A. Bringolf, Robert B. TI Survey of Intersex Largemouth Bass from Impoundments in Georgia USA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOW; REPRODUCTIVE DISRUPTION; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; SEXUAL DISRUPTION; SMALLMOUTH BASS; POTOMAC RIVER AB Intersex fish are increasingly being reported worldwide, primarily in rivers that receive treated wastewater, but few studies have investigated intersex in waters that do not receive wastewater. In a recent reconnaissance survey of intersex fish in North America, a high rate of intersex was reported for Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides in some southeastern U.S. rivers; however, the occurrence of intersex in impoundments has not been well described, especially on a statewide scale. Therefore, our objective for this project was to survey the occurrence of intersex Largemouth Bass in a variety of impoundment habitats across Georgia. Largemouth Bass were collected from 11 impoundments without direct municipal or agricultural wastewater inputs. Gonads from all male Largemouth Bass were evaluated for the incidence and severity of the intersex condition based on presence and arrangement of testicular oocytes. Overall 48% of male Largemouth Bass collected from impoundments were intersex, which was found in 9 of the 11 impoundments. Among impoundments, incidence of intersex ranged from 0 to 82% of the males sampled and surface area of the impoundment was a significant predictor of intersex incidence. Intersex fish were smaller than normal males, but population-level effects of intersex and causative factors of endocrine disruption in the impoundments remain unknown. The high incidence of intersex males in small impoundments demonstrates that the condition is not confined to rivers and suggests that factors other than those previously associated with intersex (i.e., municipal wastewater) may be involved. C1 [Kellock, Kristen A.; Trushel, Brittany E.; Ely, Patrick C.; Bringolf, Robert B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bringolf, RB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bringo@uga.edu FU University of Georgia [A2010 05-074-R2]; Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this projected was provided by the Georgia Water Resources Institute, the University of Georgia Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, and a University of Georgia Faculty Research Grant to R. Bringolf. We thank the Georgia Department of Natural Resources for fish collections as well as Amos Tuck, Andrea Fritts, Jennifer Johnson, Peter Hazelton, Peter Dimmick, Russell Parr, Emily Roberts, Caitlin Smith, Mike Bednarski, Colin Shea, Andrew Taylor, and Whitney Jacobs for assistance with fish collections, processing, and analysis. This study was conducted under the auspices of the University of Georgia Animal Use Protocol A2010 05-074-R2. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 3 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.824922 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AJ4EM UT WOS:000337624600001 ER PT J AU Straight, CA Freeman, BJ Freeman, MC AF Straight, Carrie A. Freeman, Byron J. Freeman, Mary C. TI Passive Acoustic Monitoring to Detect Spawning in Large-Bodied Catostomids SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER; FISHERIES SCIENCE; SUCKERS CATOSTOMIDAE; CONSERVATION STATUS; SOUND PRODUCTION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; BLACK REDHORSE; SAVANNA RIVER; HABITAT USE; BEHAVIOR AB Documenting timing, locations, and intensity of spawning can provide valuable information for conservation and management of imperiled fishes. However, deep, turbid or turbulent water, or occurrence of spawning at night, can severely limit direct observations. We have developed and tested the use of passive acoustics to detect distinctive acoustic signatures associated with spawning events of two large-bodied catostomid species (River Redhorse Moxostoma carinatum and Robust Redhorse Moxostoma robustum) in river systems in north Georgia. We deployed a hydrophone with a recording unit at four different locations on four different dates when we could both record and observe spawning activity. Recordings captured 494 spawning events that we acoustically characterized using dominant frequency, 95% frequency, relative power, and duration. We similarly characterized 46 randomly selected ambient river noises. Dominant frequency did not differ between redhorse species and ranged from 172.3 to 14,987.1 Hz. Duration of spawning events ranged from 0.65 to 11.07 s, River Redhorse having longer durations than Robust Redhorse. Observed spawning events had significantly higher dominant and 95% frequencies than ambient river noises. We additionally tested software designed to automate acoustic detection. The automated detection configurations correctly identified 80-82% of known spawning events, and falsely indentified spawns 6-7% of the time when none occurred. These rates were combined over all recordings; rates were more variable among individual recordings. Longer spawning events were more likely to be detected. Combined with sufficient visual observations to ascertain species identities and to estimate detection error rates, passive acoustic recording provides a useful tool to study spawning frequency of large-bodied fishes that displace gravel during egg deposition, including several species of imperiled catostomids. C1 [Straight, Carrie A.; Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] Univ Georgia, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Straight, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, 140 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM carrie@hemip.nhm.uga.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey through the Piedmont South Atlantic Coast Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit; Georgia Department of Natural Resources State Wildlife Grant; Georgia Ecological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Piedmont South Atlantic Coast Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (hosted by the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia) and a Georgia Department of Natural Resources State Wildlife Grant. We thank the Georgia Ecological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding for equipment. Landowners (Chris and Eric Wagoner, Keith Nix, and Jim Langford) generously provided access to the river along their properties. Tim Krein from Cornell Lab of Ornithology was helpful in setting up the Raven Band Limited Energy Detector. We thank our reviewers for valuable comments on this manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 3 BP 595 EP 605 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.880737 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AJ4EM UT WOS:000337624600004 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TP Taylor, WW Roseman, EF Madenjian, CP Riley, SC AF O'Brien, Timothy P. Taylor, William W. Roseman, Edward F. Madenjian, Charles P. Riley, Stephen C. TI Ecological Factors Affecting Rainbow Smelt Recruitment in the Main Basin of Lake Huron, 1976-2010 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OSMERUS-MORDAX; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; GREAT-LAKES; MARINE FISH; TROUT; STOCK; SUPERIOR AB Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax are native to northeastern Atlantic and Pacific-Arctic drainages and have been widely introduced throughout North America. In the Great Lakes region, Rainbow Smelt are known predators and competitors of native fish and a primary prey species in pelagic food webs. Despite their widespread distribution, importance as a prey species, and potential to negatively interact with native fish species, there is limited information concerning stock-recruitment relationships for Rainbow Smelt. To better understand recruitment mechanisms, we evaluated potential ecological factors determining recruitment dynamics for Rainbow Smelt in Lake Huron using data from bottom trawl catches. We specifically evaluated influence of stock size, environmental factors (water temperature, lake levels, and precipitation), and salmonine predation on the production of age-0 recruits from 1976 to 2010. Rainbow Smelt recruitment was negatively related to stock size exceeding 10 kg/ha, indicating that compensatory, density-dependent mortality from cannibalism or intraspecific competition was an important factor related to the production of age-0 recruits. Recruitment was positively related to spring precipitation suggesting that the amount of stream-spawning habitat as determined by precipitation was important for the production of strong Rainbow Smelt recruitment. Additionally, density of age-0 Rainbow Smelt was positively related to Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush abundance. However, spawning stock biomass of Rainbow Smelt, which declined substantially from 1989 to 2010, was negatively associated with Lake Trout catch per effort suggesting predation was an important factor related to the decline of age-2 and older Rainbow Smelt in Lake Huron. As such, we found that recruitment of Rainbow Smelt in Lake Huron was regulated by competition with or cannibalism by older conspecifics, spring precipitation influencing stream spawning habitats, and predation by Lake Trout on age-2 and older Rainbow Smelt. C1 [O'Brien, Timothy P.; Roseman, Edward F.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [O'Brien, Timothy P.; Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP O'Brien, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM tiobrien@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 3 BP 784 EP 795 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.880736 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AJ4EM UT WOS:000337624600009 ER PT J AU Kennen, JG Riskin, ML Charles, EG AF Kennen, Jonathan G. Riskin, Melissa L. Charles, Emmanuel G. TI Effects of streamflow reductions on aquatic macroinvertebrates: linking groundwater withdrawals and assemblage response in southern New Jersey streams, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE hydro-ecology; streamflow alteration; aquatic macroinvertebrates; flow-ecology relations; groundwater model; MODFLOW; withdrawal scenarios ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; FRESH-WATER; RIVER; CONSEQUENCES; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; FRAMEWORK AB A comprehensive hydro-ecological investigation was conducted to determine the ecological response of increased groundwater withdrawals from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, an important source of water supply in southern New Jersey, USA. Collocated observations were made of aquatic-macroinvertebrate assemblages and stream hydrologic attributes to develop flow-ecology response relations. A sub-regional transient groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) was used to simulate three plausible high-stress groundwater-withdrawal scenarios which resulted in stream baseflow reductions of approximately 0.12, 0.20, and 0.26 m(3) s(-1). These reduction scenarios were used to construct flow-alteration ecological response models to evaluate aquatic-macroinvertebrate response to streamflow reduction. For example, flow-alteration ecological response models indicate that if groundwater withdrawals diminish mean annual streamflow from 1.1 to 0.6 m(3) s(-1), the abundance of intolerant taxa could be reduced by as much as 20%. These flow-alteration ecological response modelling results could be used by resource professionals to evaluate alternative water management strategies to determine maximum basin withdrawal rates that meet ongoing human water demand while protecting biological integrity. C1 [Kennen, Jonathan G.; Riskin, Melissa L.; Charles, Emmanuel G.] US Geol Survey, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. RP Kennen, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM jgkennen@usgs.gov FU Water Supply Fund; USGS National Water Census FX Support for this study was provided, in part, through the Water Supply Fund in accordance with New Jersey Public Law 2001, Chapter 165, and the USGS National Water Census. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PY 2014 VL 59 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 545 EP 561 DI 10.1080/02626667.2013.877139 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AI7PD UT WOS:000337085100008 ER PT J AU Stevens, T Paull, CK Ussler, W McGann, M Buylaert, JP Lundsten, E AF Stevens, T. Paull, C. K. Ussler, W., III McGann, M. Buylaert, J. -P. Lundsten, E. TI The timing of sediment transport down Monterey Submarine Canyon, offshore California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; QUARTZ GRAINS; LUMINESCENCE; SINGLE; RATES; NORTHERN; OCEAN; DISTRIBUTIONS; DEGLACIATION AB While submarine canyons are the major conduits through which sediments are transported from the continents out into the deep sea, the time it takes for sediment to pass down through a submarine canyon system is poorly constrained. Here we report on the first study to couple optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of quartz sand deposits and accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 ages measured on benthic foraminifera to examine the timing of sediment transport through the axial channel of Monterey Submarine Canyon and Fan, offshore California. The OSL ages date the timing of sediment entry into the canyon head while the C-14 ages of benthic foraminifera record the deposition of hemipelagic sediments that bound the sand horizons. We use both single-grain and small (similar to 2 mm area) single-aliquot regeneration approaches on vibracore samples from fining-upward sequences at various water depths to demonstrate relatively rapid, decadal-scale sand transport to at least 1.1 km depth and more variable decadal- to millennial-scale transport to a least 3.5 km depth on the fan. Significant differences between the time sand was last exposed at the canyon head (OSL age) and the timing of deposition of the sand (from C-14 ages of benthic foraminifera in bracketing hemipelagic sediments) are interpreted as indicating that the sand does not pass through the entire canyon instantly in large individual events, but rather moves multiple times before emerging onto the fan. The increased spread in single-grain OSL dates with water depth provides evidence of mixing and temporary storage of sediment as it moves through the canyon system. The ages also indicate that the frequency of sediment transport events decreases with distance down the canyon channel system. The amalgamated sands near the canyon head yield OSL ages that are consistent with a sub-decadal recurrence frequency while the fining-upward sand sequences on the fan indicate that the channel is still experiencing events with a 150-250 year recurrence frequency out to 3.5 km water depths. C1 [Stevens, T.] Royal Holloway Univ London, Ctr Quaternary Res, Dept Geog, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Paull, C. K.; Ussler, W., III; Lundsten, E.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [McGann, M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Buylaert, J. -P.] Aarhus Univ, Nord Lab Luminescence Dating, Dept Earth Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Buylaert, J. -P.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Nutech, Ctr Nucl Technol, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Stevens, T (reprint author), Royal Holloway Univ London, Ctr Quaternary Res, Dept Geog, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. EM thomas.stevens@rhul.ac.uk RI Buylaert, Jan-Pieter/A-3220-2012 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Nordic Centre of Excellence Programme of the Joint Committee of the Nordic Natural Science Research Councils; Geological Society of London; Quaternary Research Association FX Funding and technical support for this research was provided by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Nordic Centre of Excellence Programme of the Joint Committee of the Nordic Natural Science Research Councils, the Geological Society of London, and the Quaternary Research Association. We gratefully acknowledge the advice of Lee Arnold, Rex Galbraith, and Anni Madsen. Thanks to Ian Bailiff for providing the dose rate modeling spreadsheet, to Christine Thiel for help with gamma dosimetry, and to Krystle Anderson and Annette Gough for help with Figure 2. We are indebted to two anonymous reviewers and associate editor Henning Dypvik for their helpful suggestions, which greatly improved the manuscript. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 121 DI 10.1130/B30931.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AH6RX UT WOS:000336259500010 ER PT J AU Sisson, TW Salters, VJM Larson, PB AF Sisson, T. W. Salters, V. J. M. Larson, P. B. TI Petrogenesis of Mount Rainier andesite: Magma flux and geologic controls on the contrasting differentiation styles at stratovolcanoes of the southern Washington Cascades SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIOS; ADAMS VOLCANIC FIELD; ST-HELENS; SUBDUCTION ZONE; TRACE-ELEMENT; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; PRIMITIVE MAGMAS; COAST RANGE; ARC MAGMAS; OREGON AB Quaternary Mount Rainier (Washington, USA) of the Cascades magmatic arc consists of porphyritic calc-alkaline andesites and subordinate dacites, with common evidence for mingling and mixing with less evolved magmas encompassing andesites, basaltic andesites, and rarely, basalts. Basaltic andesites and amphibole andesites (spessartites) that erupted from vents at the north foot of the volcano represent some of Mount Rainier's immediate parents and overlap in composition with regional basalts and basaltic andesites. Geochemical (major and trace elements) and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) compositions of Mount Rainier andesites and dacites are consistent with modest assimilation (typically <= 20 wt%) of evolved sediment or sediment partial melt. Sandstones and shales of the Eocene Puget Group, derived from the continental interior, are exposed in regional anticlines flanking the volcano, and probably underlie it in the middle to lower crust, accounting for their assimilation. Mesozoic and Cenozoic igneous basement rocks are unsuitable as assimilants due to their high Nd-143/Nd-144, diverse Pb-206/Pb-204, and generally high delta O-18. The dominant cause of magmatic evolution at Mount Rainier, however, is inferred to be a version of in situ crystallization-differentiation and mixing (Langmuir, 1989) wherein small magma batches stall as crustal intrusions and solidify extensively, yielding silicic residual liquids with trace element concentrations influenced by accessory mineral saturation. Subsequent magmas ascending through the intrusive plexus entrain and mix with the residual liquids and low-degree re-melts of those antecedent intrusions, producing hybrid andesites and dacites. Mount St. Helens volcanic rocks have geochemical similarities to those at Mount Rainier, and may also result from in situ differentiation and mixing due to low and intermittent long-term magma supply, accompanied by modest crustal assimilation. Andesites and dacites of Mount Adams isotopically overlap the least contaminated Mount Rainier magmas and derive from similar parental magma types, but have trace element variations more consistent with progressive crystallization-differentiation, probably due to higher magma fluxes leading to slower crystallization of large magma batches, allowing time for progressive separation of minerals from melt. Mount Adams also sits atop the southern projection of a regional anticlinorium, so Eocene sediments are absent, or are at shallow crustal levels, and so are cold and difficult to assimilate. Differences between southwest Washington stratovolcanoes highlight some ways that crustal geology and magma flux are primary factors in andesite generation. C1 [Sisson, T. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Salters, V. J. M.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Salters, V. J. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Larson, P. B.] Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sisson, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tsisson@usgs.gov; salters@magnet.fsu.edu; plarson@wsu.edu NR 77 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 122 EP 144 DI 10.1130/B30852.1 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AH6RX UT WOS:000336259500011 ER PT J AU Smoot, JP Southworth, S AF Smoot, Joseph P. Southworth, Scott TI Volcanic rift margin model for the rift-to-drift setting of the late Neoproterozoic-early Cambrian eastern margin of Laurentia: Chilhowee Group of the Appalachian Blue Ridge SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEAWARD-DIPPING REFLECTORS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; PASSIVE MARGIN; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; NORTHERN VIRGINIA; IAPETUS OCEAN; ATLANTIC; MAGMATISM; TECTONICS; EVOLUTION AB New data support a model of a volcanic rifted margin for eastern Laurentia and the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. Upper Neoproterozoic-lower Cambrian rocks of the Chilhowee Group in the Blue Ridge Province of eastern North America are sub-divided into two facies assemblages separated by an unconformity. Historically, the rocks have been correlated as a tripartite division: 1) basal sandstone and conglomerate (Cochran, Unicoi, and Weverton Formations), 2) middle siltstone and shale (Nichols Shale, Hampton Shale, and the Hampton and Harpers Formations), and 3) an upper sandstone and shale (Nebo Quartzite, Murray Shale, Hesse Quartzite, and Helenmode, Erwin, and Antietam Formations). Sedimentary analyses show that boundaries of the newly defined facies assemblages transect the named stratigraphic units. Assemblage A consists of fluvial-lacustrine deposits with interbedded subaerial basalt flows overlain by marine deposits. Fluvial strata formed in anastomosing braided-river channels and are interbedded with mudstones deposited in shallow lacustrine plains. Overlying shallow marine deposits consist of upward-coarsening successions capped by over-thickened sandstones. Shale-rich turbidite deposits characterized by subdued bioturbation and common slump features occur at the top. Assemblage B consists of sandstone and shale deposited on a stable shelf. These upward-coarsening para-sequences are stacked to form transgressive-regressive system tracts reflecting long-term sea-level fluctuations. A working hypothesis is that these rocks are comparable to those present in seismic reflection profiles and drill cores of the volcanic rift margins of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Assemblage A deposits formed during rapid subsidence associated with the formation of seaward-dipping reflectors. Flood basalts within fluvial sandstones are the landward facies of more voluminous basalt flows in the opening basin. Overlying marine deposits of Assemblage A were coeval with basaltic volcanism and deeper-water deposits to the east. Assemblage B unconformably over-lies Assemblage A rocks and laps onto much older continental rocks. It was deposited on the craton into the late Cambrian. Much of the lateral lithologic variability and differences in character and thickness of the Chilhowee Group is attributed to the depositional setting that was influenced by the underlying rift architecture. It was further complicated by juxtaposition of rocks telescoped along numerous Paleozoic thrust faults. This model predicts that coeval rocks in outboard thrust sheets are finer-grained, mafic volcanic-rich marine sequences (Assemblage A), overlain by shelf-margin and basin deposits that lack volcanic rocks (Assemblage B). This model provides more refined sedimentary criteria for examination of other volcanic rift margins. C1 [Smoot, Joseph P.; Southworth, Scott] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Smoot, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jpsmoot@usgs.gov; ssouthwo@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program Appalachian Blue Ridge Project FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program Appalachian Blue Ridge Project. We appreciate the thorough reviews by David Housenecht, Nick Ratcliffe, Bill Thomas, an anonymous reviewer, and GSA Associate Editor Tim Lawton. We especially thank Mark Carter, USGS, for his input on the map distribution of lithologies, locations of key outcrops, and discussions. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 218 DI 10.1130/B30875.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AH6RX UT WOS:000336259500015 ER PT J AU Wright, HM Cashman, KV AF Wright, Heather M. Cashman, Katharine V. TI Compaction and gas loss in welded pyroclastic deposits as revealed by porosity, permeability, and electrical conductivity measurements of the Shevlin Park Tuff SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ASH FLOW TUFF; BISHOP-TUFF; ERUPTIVE DEPOSITS; CORE MEASUREMENTS; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CRATER LAKE; FLUID-FLOW; TRANSPORT; CALIFORNIA AB Pyroclastic flows produced by large volcanic eruptions commonly densify after emplacement. Processes of gas escape, compaction, and welding in pyroclastic-flow deposits are controlled by the physical and thermal properties of constituent material. Through measurements of matrix porosity, permeability, and electrical conductivity, we provide a framework for understanding the evolution of pore structure during these processes. Using data from the Shevlin Park Tuff in central Oregon, United States, and from the literature, we find that over a porosity range of 0%-70%, matrix permeability varies by almost 10 orders of magnitude (from 10(-20) to 10(-11) m(2)), with over three orders of magnitude variation at any given porosity. Part of the variation at a given porosity is due to permeability anisotropy, where oriented core samples indicate higher permeabilities parallel to foliation (horizontally) than perpendicular to foliation (vertically). This suggests that pore space is flattened during compaction, creating anisotropic crack-like networks, a geometry that is supported by electrical conductivity measurements. We find that the power law equation: k(1) = 1.3 x 10(-21) x phi(5.2) provides the best approximation of dominant horizontal gas loss, where k(1) = permeability, and phi = porosity. Application of Kozeny-Carman fluid-flow approximations suggests that permeability in the Shevlin Park Tuff is controlled by crack-or disk-like pore apertures with minimum widths of 0.3 and 7.5 mu m. We find that matrix permeability limits compaction over short times, but deformation is then controlled by competition among cooling, compaction, water resorption, and permeable gas escape. These competing processes control the potential for development of overpressure (and secondary explosions) and the degree of welding in the deposit, processes that are applicable to viscous densification of volcanic deposits in general. Further, the general relationships among porosity, permeability, and pore geometry are relevant for flow of any fluid through an ignimbritic host. C1 [Wright, Heather M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cashman, Katharine V.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Cashman, Katharine V.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. RP Wright, HM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefi eld Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hwright@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 234 EP 247 DI 10.1130/B30668.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AH6RX UT WOS:000336259500017 ER PT J AU Griffin, DW Gray, MA Lyles, MB Northup, DE AF Griffin, Dale W. Gray, Michael A. Lyles, Mark B. Northup, Diana E. TI The Transport of Nonindigenous Microorganisms Into Caves by Human Visitation: A Case Study at Carlsbad Caverns National Park SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aerobiology; aeromicrobiology; atmosphere; cave ID AIRBORNE MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; DESERT DUST; NEW-MEXICO; ENVIRONMENTS; SPELEOTHEMS; INVOLVEMENT; STREAMS; WATER; AGE AB A series of atmospheric investigations was conducted in Carlsbad Cavern to determine if human visitation is a possible cause for the contamination of the cave system with non-indigenous microorganisms. In 2004, site-specific culture-based data demonstrated that Staphylococcus spp. colony-forming units (CFUs) were the most prevalent members of the atmospheric community along the paved visitor trail (avg. 18.8% of CFU), while Knoellia spp. CFUs dominated off-trail locations (40.1% of CFU). Fungal culture data revealed that Penicillium and Aspergillus were prevalent in the Lunch Room where food is stored, sold, and consumed. Ubiquitous genera such as Cladosporium and Alternaria were prevalent near the Natural Entrance of the cave, and the general trend was a decrease in fungal CFUs with progression into the cave system, except for the area near the Lunch Room. Management practices such as prohibition of crumb-generating types of foods could be considered to protect cave health. In 2009, nonculture-based analyses demonstrated that Enterobacteriaceae were the dominant microbiota at sites along the descent trail and within the Lunch Room. Dominance of Enterobacteriaceae has not been previously demonstrated in caves. Either they are naturally occurring indigenous members, or their presence is a marker of anthropogenic contamination. C1 [Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Gray, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Lyles, Mark B.] US Naval War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Northup, Diana E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM dgriffin@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 EI 1521-0529 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2014 VL 31 IS 3 SI SI BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1080/01490451.2013.815294 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AI4KK UT WOS:000336833900002 ER PT J AU Dai, X Han, M Liu, Q Shang, GZ Yin, BF Wang, AQ Dean, BE Wei, WH Yang, SM AF Dai, Xin Han, Mei Liu, Qian Shang, Guozhen Yin, Baofa Wang, Aiqin Dean, Biggins E. Wei, Wanhong Yang, Shengmei TI Seasonal changes in the concentrations of plant secondary metabolites and their effects on food selection by Microtus oeconomus SO MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microtus oeconomus; Flavonoids; Condensed tannins; Total phenols; Food selection ID BOREAL CONIFEROUS TREES; TANNIN-BINDING PROTEINS; PINE PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY; SALIVARY PROTEINS; REGULATED INTAKE; COMMON RINGTAIL; CHEMISTRY; HERBIVORE; MOOSE AB Using cafeteria trials conducted during June-September 2008 in Qinghai Province. China, we investigated the selection of 20 plant species by root voles (Microtus oeconomus). It was found that both favored and edible plant groups of root voles comprised 6 species, while the remaining 8 species were anorectic plants. Three plant secondary metabolites (PSMs): flavonoids. condensed tannins, and total phenols. exhibited seasonal changes in concentration; being lowest at June and gradually increasing from July to August/September. Total phenols was the only factor included in the best model of generalized linear models, indicating that total phenols was the most important factor deterring food selection by root voles. In contrast. tannins had a weak effect on food selection by root voles. This study indicated that PSMs play an important role in food selection by root voles; however, the effects of PSMs depend on the type of PSMs. Furthermore, this finding partly verifies the hypothesis that PSMs contribute to the defense strategy of plants, significantly influencing plant selection by root voles. (C) 2014 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Dai, Xin; Han, Mei; Liu, Qian; Shang, Guozhen; Yin, Baofa; Wang, Aiqin; Wei, Wanhong; Yang, Shengmei] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Dean, Biggins E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Yang, SM (reprint author), Yangzhou Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, 48 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM smyang@yzu.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program ("973" Program) of China [2007CB109102]; National Science Foundation of China [31272320]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) FX This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program ("973" Program) of China (2007CB109102), National Science Foundation of China (31272320), and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). We thank Prof. Erin Lehmer (Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado) for her useful comments and advice. We also thank Dr. Deng Huai (University of Michigan) for revising the manuscript. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1616-5047 EI 1618-1476 J9 MAMM BIOL JI Mamm. Biol. PY 2014 VL 79 IS 3 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.mambio.2014.01.002 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AI2US UT WOS:000336714200009 ER PT S AU Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC Aiken, C AF Langenheim, V. E. Jachens, R. C. Aiken, C. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI Geophysical framework of the Peninsular Ranges batholith-Implications for tectonic evolution and neotectonics SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; CRUSTAL THICKNESS VARIATIONS; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; RADIOACTIVE HEAT-GENERATION; SOUTHERN BAJA-CALIFORNIA; JACINTO FAULT ZONE; RECEIVER FUNCTIONS; SALTON TROUGH; CABOS BLOCK; MEXICO AB The crustal structure of the Peninsular Ranges batholith can be divided geophysically into two parts: (1) a western mafi c part that is dense, magnetic, and characterized by relatively high seismic velocities (>6.25 km/s), low heat flow (<60 mW/m(2)), and relatively sparse seismicity, and (2) an eastern, more felsic part that is less dense, weakly magnetic, and characterized by lower seismic velocities (<6.25 km/s), high heat flow (>60 mW/m(2)), and abundant microseismicity. Potential-field modeling indicates that the dense, mafic part of the batholith extends to depths of at least 20 km and likely to the Moho. The magnetic anomalies of the western part of the batholith extend south beyond the spatially extensive exposures of the batholith to the tip of the Baja California peninsula, which suggests that the mafi c part of the batholith projects beneath Cenozoic volcanic cover another 400 km. The linearity and undisrupted nature of the magnetic belt of anomalies suggest that the western part of the batholith has behaved as a rigid block since emplacement of the batholith. The batholith may have influenced not only the development of the Gulf of California oblique rift, but also strike-slip faulting along its northern margin, and transtensional faulting along its western margin, likely because it is thermally and mechanically more resistant to deformation than the surrounding crust. C1 [Langenheim, V. E.; Jachens, R. C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Aiken, C.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Geosci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 83 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1130/2014.1211(01) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700002 ER PT S AU Morton, DM AF Morton, Douglas M. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI Peninsular Ranges Batholith, Baja California and Southern California Foreword SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Morton, Douglas M.] US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Morton, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP IX EP XII DI 10.1130/2014.1211(00) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700001 ER PT S AU Morton, DM Miller, FK Kistler, RW Premo, WR Lee, CTA Langenheim, VE Wooden, JL Snee, LW Clausen, BL Cossette, P AF Morton, D. M. Miller, F. K. Kistler, R. W. Premo, W. R. Lee, C-T. A. Langenheim, V. E. Wooden, J. L. Snee, L. W. Clausen, B. L. Cossette, P. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI Framework and petrogenesis of the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROSA MYLONITE ZONE; LAKEVIEW MOUNTAINS PLUTON; SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; JACINTO FAULT ZONE; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; JURASSIC FOSSILS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CRUSTAL GROWTH; PETROLOGY; GRANODIORITE AB The Peninsular Ranges batholith north of latitude 33 degrees N consists of five distinctive longitudinal batholith zones. Four zones are autochthonous-a western zone, western transition zone, eastern transition zone, and an eastern zone. The fifth zone, the upper-plate zone, is allochthonous. The western zone, western transition zone, eastern transition zone, and eastern zone are contiguous products of Cretaceous subduction transitioning from a Mesozoic oceanic-arc setting to continental margin arc setting. Within the autochthonous zones, the nature and geochemistry of plutons record changes reflecting subduction proceeding from west to east over a 35 m.y. period. The allochthonous upper-plate zone is structurally located above the regional Eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone. Host rocks for the western zone, western transition zone, and eastern transition zone are mostly Mesozoic, and host rocks of the eastern zone are Paleozoic. The composition of the plutons reflects changes in magma originating in shallow oceanic crust in the western zone to a deeper continental marginal setting in the eastern zone and upper-plate zone. Several aspects of the upper-plate zone rocks set them apart from the autochthonous batholithic rocks. Western zone magmatism occurred during an extensional subduction phase that involved Mesozoic oceanic crust. Plutons were emplaced passively from 126 Ma to 108 Ma, forming 47.9% of the area of the autochthonous batholith at a rate of 2.7% per million years. Geochemical variation is greater in the western zone than it is in the other zones. Rock compositions range from gabbro to high-SiO2 granites; plutons in this zone contain magnetite as an accessory mineral. Most plutonic rocks have initial Sr-87/Sr-86 (Sr-i) values <0.7045, initial Pb-206/Pb-204 (Pb-i) <19, delta O-18 <9%, and positive initial epsilon Nd (epsilon(Ndi)). By 111 Ma, conditions for pluton emplacement began to change radically from extensional to compressional as subduction encountered older continental crust. The boundary between the western zone and western transition zone is marked clearly by a change in the magnetic properties, which are highly magnetic in the western zone to weakly magnetic in the transition zones. Western transition zone plutons, which have affinities with the western zone plutons, constitute 13.5% by area of the autochthonous batholith and formed over 13 m.y. at a decreased rate of batholith formation, 1% per million years. Plutons of the western transition zone are characterized by Sr-i values of 0.7045-0.7050, delta O-18 <9%, and positive epsilon(ndi). Deformation of the prebatholithic rocks was intense at 100 Ma, as the plutonism of the western transition zone ended and emplacement in the eastern transition zone began. From 99 to 93 Ma, the rate of magma emplacement accelerated, forming 2.4% per million years by area of the northern part of the autochthonous batholith. The eastern transition zone plutons, having affinities with the eastern zone plutons, have Sr-i values of 0.7051-0.7057, delta 18O >9%, and negative epsilon(Ndi). Most eastern transition zone plutons were emplaced in a less dynamic setting than the western transition zone plutons. By 98 Ma, subduction had transitioned eastward as plutons were emplaced in continental crust. The rate of magma emplacement increased to form the eastern zone over 7 m.y., or a rate of batholith growth of 3.4% per million years by area. There is considerable temporal overlap in the magma emplacement of the eastern transition zone and the eastern zone. Combined eastern transition zone and eastern zone magmatism produced 39% (by area) of the autochthonous batholith in 8 m.y. at a rate of similar to 5% per million years. The 102 Ma gabbro body is not considered in this analysis. Eastern zone plutons are characterized by Sr-i >0.7060, mostly in the range of 0.7061-0.7076, Pb-i >19, delta O-18 >9%, and a large negative epsilon(Ndi). The allochthonous granitic sheets that constitute the upper-plate zone include batholithic rocks ranging in age from 92 to 75 Ma; most are in the range of 86-75 Ma. These granitic rocks have a more restricted range of geochemistry than those in the other zones; they are magnetite-bearing rocks, unlike the ilmenite-bearing granitic rocks of the transition zones and eastern zone, and they have large negative epsilon(Ndi), and Sr-i in the range of 0.7076-0.7084. During the Late Cretaceous, the Eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone developed in the eastern part of the Peninsular Ranges Province, deforming granitic rocks of the eastern part of the eastern zone. Following mylonitization, westward displacement on a series of low-angle thrust faults placed sheets of metamorphic and plutonic rock above the Eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone, forming the upper-plate zone. Compatible elements decrease west to east across the batholith, and incompatible elements increase. Geochemical variation shows that magma forming the western part of the batholith had a shallow and primitive source compared with the eastern part, which had a deeper and more-evolved continental component. The frequency distribution of Sr-i in the batholith is bimodal, having a peak of 0.7038 in the western zone, reflecting the oceanic crustal source, and a peak of 0.7072 in the eastern zone, reflecting increased incorporated continental crust sources. Only a small part of the batholith has Sr-i values between 0.7055 and 0.7065, indicating a relatively sharp boundary between oceanic and continental crust. Linear arrays on Harker diagram indicate that geochemical variation within the batholith is from magma mixing and not magmatic differentiation. Our data are most simply explained by the Cretaceous arc transitioning from a Mesozoic oceanic-arc setting to a continental margin setting. C1 [Morton, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morton, D. M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Miller, F. K.; Cossette, P.] US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. [Kistler, R. W.; Langenheim, V. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Premo, W. R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lee, C-T. A.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Wooden, J. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Snee, L. W.] Global Gems & Minerals, Denver, CO 80235 USA. [Clausen, B. L.] Loma Linda Univ, Geosci Res Inst, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. [Clausen, B. L.] Loma Linda Univ, Dept Earth & Biol Sci, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. RP Morton, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 157 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 61 EP 143 DI 10.1130/2014.1211(03) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 83 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700004 ER PT S AU Miller, FK Morton, DM Premo, WR AF Miller, F. K. Morton, D. M. Premo, W. R. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI Potassium-argon cooling ages in the northern part of the Peninsular Ranges batholith and offsets on the Elsinore and San Jacinto fault zones SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA BATHOLITH; LAKEVIEW MOUNTAINS PLUTON; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; PETROLOGY AB Conventional potassium-argon (K-Ar) ages were obtained on biotite from samples of granitic rocks collected at as regular spacing as outcrop and sample suitability permitted across the entire northern exposed part of the Peninsular Ranges batholith. Uranium-lead (U-Pb) ages on zircons range from 6 to 24 m.y. older than roughly corresponding conventional K-Ar biotite ages. The U-Pb zircon ages are considered to be emplacement or near-emplacement ages and provide a basis for using the conventional biotite ages to approximate variations in cooling history. Contouring of the biotite cooling ages shows the same west-to-east younging trend that earlier regional dating studies have shown. Contours generated by these earlier regional studies produced a relatively smooth, even age gradient across the batholith. Biotite cooling age contours generated by the much more closely spaced data set used here suggest a more complicated cooling history and show strong digressions from the smooth, even regional-scale gradient. Along much of their respective traces, the right-lateral strike-slip Elsinore and San Jacinto fault zones cut granitic rocks of the batholith; we have used the age contours as datums to estimate maximum offset across the Elsinore fault and to support a proposed offset based on geologic mapping evidence on the San Jacinto fault. These estimates, based on offsets of the age contours, may differ from true offsets because of uncertainties related to (1) inability to establish the dip of the age contours, 2) possible vertical components of offsets on faults, and ( 3) paucity of samples in some areas. Cooling age contours are offset 12 km across the Elsinore fault zone, a figure in keeping with offsets of 10-15 km based on detailed geologic mapping. Likewise, alignment of contour features at the north end of the Perris block with those at the north end of the San Jacinto block requires restoration of 29 km of right-lateral displacement, i.e., essentially the same as documented offsets based on geologic mapping. C1 [Miller, F. K.] US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. [Morton, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morton, D. M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Geol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Premo, W. R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Miller, FK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 904 West Riverside Ave,Room 202, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 181 EP 198 DI 10.1130/2014.1211(05) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700006 ER PT S AU Miggins, DP Premo, WR Snee, LW Yeoman, R Naeser, ND Naeser, CW Morton, DM AF Miggins, Daniel P. Premo, Wayne R. Snee, Lawrence W. Yeoman, Ross Naeser, Nancy D. Naeser, Charles W. Morton, Douglas M. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI Thermochronology of Cretaceous batholithic rocks in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for the Late Cretaceous tectonic evolution of southern California SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FISSION-TRACK; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; MAGMATIC ARC; U-PB; SIERRA-NEVADA; APATITE; MEXICO; MOUNTAINS; ZIRCON; AGES AB The thermochronology for several suites of Mesozoic metamorphic and plutonic rocks collected throughout the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith (PRB) was studied as part of a collaborative isotopic study to further our understanding of the magmatic and tectonic history of southern California. These sample suites include: a traverse through the plutonic rocks across the northern PRB (N = 29), a traverse across a central structural and metamorphic transition zone of mainly metasedimentary rocks at Searl ridge (N = 20), plutonic samples from several drill cores (N = 7) and surface samples (N = 2) from the Los Angeles Basin, a traverse across the Eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone (N = 6), and a suite of plutonic samples collected across the northern PRB (N = 13) from which only biotite Ar-40/Ar-39 ages were obtained. These geochronologic data help to characterize five major petrologic, geochemical, and isotopic zonations of the PRB (western zone, WZ; western transition zone, WTZ; eastern transition zone, ETZ; eastern zone, EZ; and upper-plate zone, UPZ). Apparent cooling rates were calculated using U-Pb zircon (zr) and titanite (sphene) ages; Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from hornblende (hbl), biotite (bi), and K-feldspar (Kf); and apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from the same samples. The apparent cooling rates across the northern PRB vary from relatively rapid in the west (zr-hbl similar to 210 degrees C/m.y.; zr-bio similar to 160 degrees C/m.y.; zr-Kf similar to 80 degrees C/m.y.) to less rapid in the central (zr-hb similar to 280 degrees C/m.y.; zr-bio similar to 90 degrees C/m.y.; zr-Kf similar to 60 degrees C/m.y.) and eastern (zr-hbl similar to 185 degrees C/m.y.; zr-bio similar to 180 degrees C/m.y.; zr-Kf similar to 60 degrees C/m. y.) zones. An exception in the eastern zone, the massive San Jacinto pluton, appears to have cooled very rapidly (zr-bio similar to 385 degrees C/m.y.). Apparent cooling rates for the UPZ samples are consistently slower in comparison (similar to 25-45 C/m.y.), regardless of which geochronometers are used. Notable characteristics of the various ages from different dating methods include: (1) Zircon ages indicate a progressive younging of magmatic activity from west to east between ca. 125 and 90 Ma. (2) Various geochronometers were apparently affected by emplacement of the voluminous (ETZ and EZ) La Posta-type plutons emplaced between 99 and 91 Ma. Those minerals affected include K-feldspar in the western zone rocks, biotite and K-feldspar in the WTZ rocks, and white mica and K-feldspar in rocks from Searl ridge. (3) The AFT ages record the time the rocks cooled through the AFT closure temperature (similar to 100 degrees C in these rocks), likely due to exhumation. Throughout most of the northern traverse, the apatite data indicate the rocks cooled relatively quickly through the apatite partial annealing zone (PAZ; from similar to 110 degrees C to 60 degrees C) and remained at temperatures less than 60 degrees C as continued exhumation cooled them to present-day surface temperatures. The ages indicate that the western "arc" terrane of the WZ was being uplifted and cooled at ca. 91 Ma, during or shortly after intrusion of the 99-91 Ma La Posta-type plutons to the east. Uplift and cooling occurred later, between ca. 70 Ma and ca. 55 Ma, in the central WTZ, ETZ, and EZ rocks, possibly as upwarping in response to events in the UPZ. The UPZ experienced differential exhumation at ca. 50-35 Ma: Cooling on the western edge was taking place at about the same time or shortly after cooling in the younger samples in the ETZ and EZ, whereas on the east side of the UPZ, the rocks cooled later (ca. 35 Ma) and spent a prolonged time in the apatite PAZ compared to most northern traverse samples. Apparent cooling rates from Los Angeles Basin drill core samples of plutonic rocks show that four are similar to the WTZ thermal histories, and two are similar to the WTZ histories, indicating that the eastern part of the Los Angeles Basin area is underlain by mainly western zone PRB rocks. Thermal histories revealed by samples from Searl ridge indicate that the WTZ magmatism intruded the metasedimentary rocks prior to their deformation and metamorphism at ca. 97 Ma. Both low-grade schists and metasandstones of the western side of the ridge and high-grade gneisses of the eastern side of the ridge have thermal histories consistent with eastern zone rocks-suggesting a temporal/thermal relationship between the western transition zone and the eastern zones. Limited ages from six samples across the Eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone (EPRMZ) indicate that this zone underwent cooling after emplacement of the youngest UPZ rocks at 85 Ma, suggesting that thrusting along the EPRMZ was either coeval with emplacement of the UPZ plutonic rocks or occurred shortly afterwards (similar to 10-15 m.y.). Alternatively, the EPRMZ thrusting may have occurred at temperatures under similar to 180 degrees C at yet a later date. The geochronology presented here differs slightly from previous studies for similar rocks exposed across the middle and southern portions of the PRB, in that our data define a relatively smooth progression of magmatism from west to east, and the transition from western, oceanic-arc plutonism to eastern, continental arc plutonism is interpreted to have occurred at ca. 99-97 Ma and not at ca. 105 Ma. C1 [Miggins, Daniel P.; Premo, Wayne R.; Yeoman, Ross] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Snee, Lawrence W.] Global Gems & Minerals, Denver, CO 80235 USA. [Naeser, Nancy D.; Naeser, Charles W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Geol Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Miggins, DP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 88 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 199 EP 261 DI 10.1130/2014.1211(06) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 63 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700007 ER PT S AU Kistler, RW Wooden, JL Premo, WR Morton, DM AF Kistler, Ronald W. Wooden, Joseph L. Premo, Wayne R. Morton, Douglas M. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI Pb-Sr-Nd-O isotopic characterization of Mesozoic rocks throughout the northern end of the Peninsular Ranges batholith: Isotopic evidence for the magmatic evolution of oceanic arc-continental margin accretion during the Late Cretaceous of southern California SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SIERRA-NEVADA; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; ZIRCON; STRONTIUM; MEXICO; AMERICA; SONORA; GEOCHRONOLOGY; PETROGENESIS AB Within the duration of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS)-based Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), many samples from the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith were studied for their whole-rock radioisotopic systematics (rubidium-strontium [Rb-Sr], uranium-thorium-lead [U-Th-Pb], and samariumneodymium [Sm-Nd]), as well as oxygen (O), a stable isotope. The results of three main studies are presented separately, but here we combine them (>400 analyses) to produce a very complete Pb-Sr-Nd-O isotopic profile of an arc-continent collisional zone- perhaps the most complete in the world. In addition, because many of these samples have U-Pb zircon as well as argon mineral age determinations, we have good control of the timing for Pb-Sr-Nd-O isotopic variations. The ages and isotopic variations help to delineate at least four zones across the batholith from west to east-an older western zone (126-108 Ma), a transitional zone (111-93 Ma), an eastern zone (94-91 Ma), and a much younger allochthonous thrust sheet (ca. 84 Ma), which is the upper plate of the Eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone. Average initial Sr-87/Sr-86 (Sr-i), initial Pb-206/Pb-204 (Pb-206(i)), initial Pb-208/Pb-204 (average Pb-208(i)), initial epsilon Nd (average epsilon(Ndi)), and delta O-18 signatures range from 0.704, 18.787, 38.445, +3.1, and 4.0%-9.0%, respectively, in the westernmost zone, to 0.7071, 19.199, 38.777, -5, and 9%-12%, respectively, in the easternmost zone. The older western zone is therefore the more chemically and isotopically juvenile, characterized mostly by values that are slightly displaced from a mantle array at ca. 115 Ma, and similar to some modern island-arc signatures. In contrast, the isotopic signatures in the eastern zones indicate significant amounts of crustal involvement in the magmatic plumbing of those plutons. These isotopic signatures confirm previously published results that interpreted the Peninsular Ranges batholith as a progressively contaminated magmatic arc. The Peninsular Ranges batholith magmatic arc was initially an oceanic arc built on Panthalassan lithosphere that eventually evolved into a continental margin magmatic arc collision zone, eventually overriding North American cratonic lithosphere. Our Pb-Sr-Nd data further suggest that the western arc rocks represent a nearshore or inboard oceanic arc, as they exhibit isotopic signatures that are more enriched than typical mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB). Isotopic signatures from the central zone are transitional and indicate that enriched crustal magma sources were becoming involved in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith magmatic plumbing. As the oceanic arc-continental margin collision progressed, a mixture of oceanic mantle and continental magmatic sources transpired. Magmatic production in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith moved eastward and continued to tap enriched crustal magmatic sources. Similar modeling has been previously proposed for two other western margin magmatic arcs, the Sierra Nevada batholith of central California and the Idaho batholith. Calculated initial Nd signatures at ca. 100 Ma for Permian-Jurassic and Proterozoic basement rocks from the nearby San Gabriel Mountains and possible source areas along the southwestern Laurentian margin of southern California, southwestern Arizona, and northern Sonora strongly suggest their involvement with deep crustal magma mixing beneath the eastern zones of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, as well as farther east in continental lithospheric zones. Last, several samples from the allochthonous, easternmost upper-plate zone, which are considerably younger (ca. 84 Ma) than any of the rocks from the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith proper, have even more enriched average Sr-i, Pb-206(i), Pb-208(i), and epsilon(Ndi) signatures of 0.7079, 19.344, 38.881, and -6.6, respectively, indicative of the most-evolved magma sources in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith and similar to radioisotopic values for rocks from the nearby Transverse Ranges, suggesting a genetic connection between the two. C1 [Kistler, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Premo, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Kistler, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 263 EP 316 DI 10.1130/2014.1211(07) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 54 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700008 ER PT S AU Clausen, BL Morton, DM Kistler, RW Lee, CTA AF Clausen, Benjamin L. Morton, Douglas M. Kistler, Ronald W. Lee, Cin-Ty A. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI Low-initial-Sr felsic plutons of the northwestern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California, and the role of mafic-felsic magma mixing in continental crust formation SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LACHLAN FOLD BELT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA; TRACE-ELEMENT DATA; ISLAND-ARC CRUST; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; GRANITIC-ROCKS; RB-SR AB We studied the formation of low-initial-Sr felsic plutons by using data from the Early Cretaceous western Peninsular Ranges batholith near Escondido, California. The systematically sampled Escondido plutons have a uniformly low initial Sr-87/Sr-86 isotope ratio of Sr-i <0.704, but a wide range of SiO2 compositions, from 46 to 78 wt%, which fall in three distinct groups: 20% gabbros, 35% tonalites, and 45% granodiorites. These low-Sr-i plutons are unique in having undergone one cycle of mantle melting to give basalt composition rocks, and a second cycle of arc basalt melting to give a range of SiO2 plutons, but no third cycle of melting and contamination by old continental crust to yield high-Sr-i rocks. After doing two-cycle partial melting and fractional crystallization calculations, it was recognized that mixing of gabbro and granodiorite magmas was necessary to yield the tonalites. The linear data pattern on Harker diagrams is interpreted as resulting from mixing of mafic magma from partial melting of the mantle and felsic magma from partial melting of the lower crust to form intermediate magma. These plutons provide a simplified two-cycle Phanerozoic example of the petrogenetic process for forming continental crust. C1 [Clausen, Benjamin L.] Loma Linda Univ, Geosci Res Inst, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. [Clausen, Benjamin L.] Loma Linda Univ, Dept Earth & Biol Sci, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kistler, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lee, Cin-Ty A.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Clausen, BL (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Geosci Res Inst, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. EM bclausen@llu.edu; douglasmmorton@gmail.com; rkistler@usgs.gov; ctlee@rice.edu NR 176 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 317 EP 344 DI 10.1130/2014.1211(08) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 28 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700009 ER PT S AU Berger, BR AF Berger, Byron R. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI Petrology and chemistry of the Green Acres gabbro complex near Winchester, Riverside County, California SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; MAGMA; ROCKS; NUCLEATION; BATHOLITH; CRYSTALLIZATION; TEXTURES; PLUTONS; GENESIS AB The Cretaceous Green Acres layered igneous complex, northeast of Winchester, California, is composed of a suite of olivine-and hornblende-bearing gabbros in the Peninsular Ranges batholith within the Perris tectonic block. A consistent mineral assemblage is observed throughout the complex, but there is considerable textural and modal heterogeneity. Both preclude a consistent set of principles based on appearance and mineralogy on which to delineate map units. Distinct changes in the chemistry of olivine, pyroxene, and hornblende, however, serve to define discrete mappable units, and the complex has been divided into five geochemical map units on this basis. Limited whole-rock data show the Green Acres complex is chemically comparable to other Peninsular Ranges batholith gabbroic rocks, and rare earth element (REE) concentrations and patterns are typical of magmas generated in convergent margin settings. For the complex as a whole, olivine is Fo (80-35), plagioclase is An (100-64), clinopyroxene is Wo (49-41) En (48-38) Fs (18-6) and Wo (36-26) En (65-42) Fs (30-8), and orthopyroxene is Wo (5-0) En (78-42) Fs (50-21), where Fo is forsterite, An is anorthite, Wo is wollastonite, En is enstatite, and Fs is ferrosilite. The Mg/(Mg + Sigma Fe) atomic ratio in hornblende ranges from 0.84 to 0.50. Magmatic lineations and modal and textural layering are prevalent throughout the complex. Mineral chemistry does not change in any systematic way within and between layers in any map unit. Although the strike of layering varies, in any map unit at any given location it is the same in all units irrespective of intrusive order. Thin dikes, typically late-stage hornblende gabbro, commonly intrude parallel to layering. The strikes of magmatic lineations and modal layers are consistent with the populations of strikes of fabrics in the metamorphic basement as well as tectonic features in surrounding, postgabbro granitic rocks. These relations imply that the regional state of stress at the time of gabbro emplacement played a role in layer formation in conjunction with thermal and hydraulic pressure perturbations. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Berger, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 365 EP 394 DI 10.1130/2014.1211(10) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 30 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700011 ER PT S AU Morton, DM Kistler, RW Miller, FK Langenheim, VE Premo, WR Wooden, JL Cossette, PM Jachens, RC AF Morton, D. M. Kistler, R. W. Miller, F. K. Langenheim, V. E. Premo, W. R. Wooden, J. L. Cossette, P. M. Jachens, R. C. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI Lakeview Mountains pluton: A dynamically emplaced pluton, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PETROLOGY AB The Lakeview Mountains pluton is a concordant teardrop-shaped pluton located at a marked deflection of the structural grain of the prepluton rocks within the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith. This dynamically emplaced 100 Ma pluton lies within the western transition zone and consists of biotite-hornblende tonalite that lacks K-feldspar. The pluton is characterized by ubiquitous schlieren that range from black hornblende-biotite rock to near-white quartz-plagioclase rock, imparting an extreme outcrop-scale mineral and chemical heterogeneity to the pluton. Geometrically, the schlieren define three structural sets; one is concordant, and the other two constitute a northeast-and northwest-oriented conjugate set. The orientation of the concordant schlieren resulted from the outward expansion of the pluton, and the orientation of the conjugate set is in response to regional stresses at the time of emplacement. Based on chemical analysis of systematically collected samples, the pluton consists of two chemically distinct parts. Initially emplaced magma formed an ellipsoidal body concordant with the regional northwest structural grain. This early-emplaced magma formed a zoned body having a relatively potassic core and a mafic outer part. Later-emplaced magma expanded the pluton to the north-northeast, deflecting the regional structural grain of the batholith, and forming the teardrop-shaped outline of the composite pluton. The later-emplaced magma was more mafic than the initial magma, producing a more mafic core and a relatively higher-potassium outer part. Variations in major and trace elements, specific gravity, magnetic susceptibility, and magnetite content, in addition to aeromagnetic and pseudogravity anomalies, all show similar patterns within the pluton. Bodies of hypersthene gabbro, large masses of melanocratic and leucocratic tonalite, and numerous potassic granitic pegmatite dikes are concentrated in the more mafic part of the pluton, and interpreted as the last to crystallize. The leucocratic and melanocratic tonalite bodies are interpreted to be late-emplaced giant schlieren. Initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios (Sr-i) have only subtle, limited systematic variation, reflecting a relatively uniform magma source. Rb/Sr ratios also are relatively constant from the early- to late- emplaced magma, indicating the absence of, or only slight, fractional crystallization from the early- to late- emplaced magma. Sr-i values of the hypersthene gabbro, mafic enclaves, and granitic pegmatites are the same as the tonalite of the pluton. The deflection of the regional structural grain by outward expansion of the pluton is interpreted to be a result of dynamic emplacement of the magma. Highly attenuated mafic enclaves in a prepluton mixed granitic rock unit that partly surrounds the pluton are also interpreted to have developed in response to outward expansion during the dynamic emplacement. A comb-layered gabbro, located along the contact of the earlier-formed part of the pluton, is interpreted as an early water-rich magma emplaced in a border area of the pluton protected from primary flow and dynamic strain. The high-potassium pegmatite bodies are interpreted to have formed from residual, immiscible, water-charged fluids derived from the low-potassium tonalite magma, which are concentrated in the mafic last part of the pluton to crystallize. C1 [Morton, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morton, D. M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kistler, R. W.; Langenheim, V. E.; Jachens, R. C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Miller, F. K.; Cossette, P. M.] US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. [Premo, W. R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wooden, J. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Morton, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 395 EP 420 DI 10.1130/2014.1211(11) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 26 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700012 ER PT S AU Baird, AK Wadsworth, WB Morton, DM AF Baird, A. K. Wadsworth, W. B. Morton, D. M. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI A study of sampling requirements to determine modal variability within the Lakeview Mountains pluton, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIFFRACTION AB Tonalite of the Lakeview Mountains pluton is extremely heterogeneous in modal composition at both locality and outcrop scales. We applied an X-ray diffraction (XRD) method of modal analysis to 335 whole-rock powders previously used to study variability in major-element chemistry. We developed sampling levels appropriate for XRD modal study, mapped compositional gradients, recognized contrasts between chemical and modal variability, and tested the XRD method's suitability for petrologic investigations. Modal variability was determined at differing scales ranging from drill-core samples and hand specimens to 610 m(2) subareas of the pluton. Compositing of three hand samples reduced variance within subareas of this size sufficiently for mapping modal composition; the equivalent number found by previous studies for major-element chemical composition was nine. For this pluton, the X-ray method permits a single machine analysis to substitute for point counting at least 18 standard thin sections in each subarea in order to map compositional gradients. Because potassium occurs significantly only in biotite, close similarity of trend surfaces for potassium and biotite provides confirmation of the efficacy of XRD modal analysis in petrologic studies. C1 [Baird, A. K.] Pomona Coll, Dept Geol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Morton, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morton, D. M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Baird, AK (reprint author), Pomona Coll, Dept Geol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 421 EP 431 DI 10.1130/2014.1211(12) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700013 ER PT S AU Morton, DM Alvarez, RM Alcott, A Miller, FK Cossette, PM AF Morton, Douglas M. Alvarez, Rachel M. Alcott, Alison Miller, Fred K. Cossette, Pamela M. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI Subduction transitioning from beneath oceanic crust to beneath continental crust, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith: Structural and thermal imprint on prebatholithic rocks SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA AB At 100 Ma, about midway through the history of the emplacement of the northern part of Peninsular Ranges batholith, a regional-scale deformation zone(1) developed that juxtaposed two major prebatholithic units. Deformation occurred as subduction transitioned from beneath oceanic crust to beneath continental crust. The deformation zone is well exposed at Searl Ridge, where the intensity of deformation attendant to the juxtaposition of the two prebatholithic units progressively increased from west to east over a distance of 5.5 km. In this 5.5-km-wide zone, a series of three progressive structural transpositions is recorded in the metasedimentary rocks. Many outcrops have two intersecting planar fabrics and a linear fabric produced by the intersecting planar fabrics. West to east within the deformation zone, the rock fabric changes from phyllitic to schistose, and the grade of metamorphism increases from greenschist to lower granulite. Plutonic rocks predating the deformation zone at the west edge of Searl Ridge were likewise deformed locally into rocks having a pronounced gneissic fabric. The transposition displacement produced a 300 degrees C gradient over a 4-km-wide zone of low-pressure, high-temperature, Buchan-type metamorphic mineral assemblages. The 300 degrees C gradient is based on biotite forming at a temperature of similar to 425 degrees C, and K-feldspar at similar to 750 degrees C. A 3-4 kbar pressure gradient across the deformation zone is inferred from a crystallization pressure of 2 kbar for the 120 Ma Domenigoni Valley pluton, located at the western edge of the deformation zone, and a 5-6.3 kbar pressure for the 100 Ma Lakeview Mountains pluton, emplaced in the eastern part, the latter being coeval with the formation of the deformation zone. If temperature increase is attributable entirely to difference in depth, and assuming an idealized 0.3 kbar increase in pressure per 1 km increase in crustal depth, the vertical displacement component of deformation within the deformation zone was 10-13 km. C1 [Morton, Douglas M.] US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Alvarez, Rachel M.] Kleinfelder, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. [Alcott, Alison] Rockware Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Miller, Fred K.; Cossette, Pamela M.] US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. RP Morton, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 433 EP 447 DI 10.1130/2014.1211(13) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700014 ER PT S AU Premo, WR Morton, DM AF Premo, Wayne R. Morton, Douglas M. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI SHRIMP-RG U-Pb ages of provenance and metamorphism from detrital zircon populations and Pb-Sr-Nd signatures of prebatholithic metasedimentary rocks at Searl Ridge, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for their age, origin, and tectonic setting SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA; NORTHWESTERN MEXICO; SIERRA-NEVADA; GEOCHRONOLOGY; AMERICA; EVOLUTION; MODEL; MOUNTAINS; NEODYMIUM; PROVINCE AB Twenty-four samples were collected from prebatholithic metasedimentary rocks along Searl Ridge, the north rim of the Diamond Valley Reservoir, Domenigoni Valley, centrally located in the northern Peninsular Ranges of southern California. These rocks exhibit progressive metamorphism from west to east across fundamental structural discontinuities now referred to as a "transition zone." Documented structural and mineralogical changes occur across this metamorphic gradient. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) U-Pb ages were obtained from detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks through the transition zone. To the west, metapelitic and minor metasandstone units yielded numerous concordant Pb-206/U-238 ages between 210 and 240 Ma, and concordant Pb-207/Pb-206 ages at 1075-1125 Ma, 1375-1430 Ma, and 1615-1735 Ma, although distinct differences in provenance were noted between units. A few older Pb-207/Pb-206 ages obtained were ca. 2250 Ma and ca. 2800 Ma. Rocks of the eastern part of the transition zone include high-grade paragneisses that yielded numerous concordant Pb-206/U-238 ages between 103 and 123 Ma and between 200 and 255 Ma, and concordant Pb-207/Pb-206 ages at 1060-1150 Ma, 1375-1435 Ma, and 1595-1710 Ma. Some zircon results from these high-grade gneisses are marked by distinct Pb-loss discordia with lower-intercept ages of ca. 215 Ma and Paleoproterozoic upper-intercept ages. Younger ages between 100 and 105 Ma are mainly obtained from rims of some zircon grains that are characterized by low Th/U values (<0.1) and high U contents (>1000 ppm), indicating the likelihood of metamorphic zircon growth at that time. The similarity of zircon age populations between western and eastern units through the transition zone indicates that this fundamental structure probably dissects sediments of the same basin. This supposition is further supported by initial whole-rock Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic data that show similar average initial Pb-206/Pb-204 (18.65 to 18.9), Sr-87/Sr-86 (0.713 to 0.718), and epsilon(Nd) (-7 to -12) values for both the western and eastern units-values that also indicate the presence of significantly older crustal material in their provenance. Magmatic zircons from a diorite dike that crosscuts the foliation, but is itself subsequently metamorphosed, yielded a SHRIMP-RG concordia age of 103.3 +/- 0.73 Ma, which is within agreement of an isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) U-Pb age of 103.37 +/- 0.25 Ma. A postmetamorphic, cross-cutting pegmatite yielded discordant U-Pb zircon age data, but euhedral, glassy monazite from the pegmatite yielded a slightly discordant Pb-207/U-235 age of 101.85 +/- 0.35 Ma and a Th-Pb age of 97.53 +/- 0.18 Ma, suggesting that this pegmatite was injected during or just after deformation ceased. The age and initial Pb-Sr-Nd signature for the dioritic dike indicate it was produced during the transition zone plutonism elsewhere in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, whereas the pegmatitic dike was derived from crustal anatexis. Collectively, these results indicate that this sequence of metasedimentary rocks was derived from mainly a Late Permian to Early Triassic igneous provenance that probably intruded Proterozoic crust. The sequence was subsequently metamorphosed during deformation of the Cretaceous continental margin at ca. 105 to 97 Ma. C1 [Premo, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Geol Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Premo, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 449 EP 498 D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 50 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700015 ER PT S AU Todd, VR Shaw, SE Langenheim, VE AF Todd, Victoria R. Shaw, Stirling E. Langenheim, Victoria E. BE Morton, DM Miller, FK TI Mineralogy and physical properties of plutonic and metamorphic rocks of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, San Diego County, California SO PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH, BAJA CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In the Peninsular Ranges batholith of southern California, a central belt of Jurassic metagranites was intruded by a Cretaceous magmatic arc that migrated from west to east across the belt. The Cretaceous batholith has been divided into western and eastern zones, zones that correspond to age, lithologic, geochemical, and geophysical zonations. In this study, density and magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on similar to 960 hand samples show that, in the eastern zone of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, values of magnetic susceptibility are uniformly low (<0.5 x 10(-3) cgs [centimeter-gram-second] units), while density values are in general lower and have less scatter than those in the western zone. A relatively sharp break between western and eastern zones indicates the existence of two crustal types separated by a tectonic suture: on the west, oceanic crust (mainly Mesozoic and older mantle and mantle-derived rocks) and on the east, continental crust (Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, and early Mesozoic rocks). Previous studies in the San Diego County segment of the Peninsular Ranges batholith revealed petrologic distinctions between two Jurassic metagranite suites (S-type and transitional I-S type) and nine Cretaceous granite suites (exclusively I-type). The results of electron microprobe (EM) analyses of mafic minerals from Jurassic and Cretaceous plutonic rocks in general confirm plutonic suite subdivision. On biotite and hornblende variation diagrams, Early Cretaceous plutons tend to plot in distinct fields/trends that are characteristic of their various plutonic suites. Hornblende from three Early Cretaceous tonalite suites is Mg enriched, as expected from melts of mafic-intermediate composition that were H2O rich and contained hornblende as an early-crystallizing phase. Hornblende from gabbro plutons (Cuyamaca Gabbro) shows the greatest Mg enrichment for a given whole-rock SiO2 value, reflecting cumulate processes in the evolution of gabbroic magmas. Biotite and hornblende from highly evolved leucomonzogranite-leucogranodiorite plutons assigned to three leucogranite suites have the most Fe-and Mn-rich compositions. Hornblende compositions of two Late Cretaceous tonalite suites overlap those of the Early Cretaceous tonalite suites, but, in general, Late Cretaceous hornblende does not show the extreme fractionation shown by hornblende of Early Cretaceous suites with similar SiO2 contents. Biotite of two Jurassic plutonic suites has the most aluminous compositions of all Peninsular Ranges batholith suites, with biotite of the S-type Harper Creek suite markedly more Al rich than that of the transitional I-S-type Cuyamaca Reservoir suite. Complete overlap of Harper Creek biotite compositions with those of metasedimentary rocks of the Triassic-Jurassic Julian Schist indicates that partial melting of the latter was an appropriate source for Harper Creek magma. The existence of two Cuyamaca Reservoir biotite trends suggests that its parental magma originated by fractionation and contamination of an I-type magma by aluminous metasedimentary material, thus producing transitional I-S characteristics. All but one sample of hornblende from the Cuyamaca Reservoir suite falls in the subaluminous compositional range. C1 [Shaw, Stirling E.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, GEMOC Natl Key Ctr, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Langenheim, Victoria E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Todd, VR (reprint author), 1740 Clarion Dr, Williamsport, PA 17701 USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1211-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2014 VL 211 BP 537 EP 582 DI 10.1130/2014.1211(16) D2 10.1130/9780813712116 PG 46 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA2PK UT WOS:000333757700017 ER PT J AU Beltran, BJ Franklin, J Syphard, AD Regan, HM Flint, LE Flint, AL AF Beltran, Bray J. Franklin, Janet Syphard, Alexandra D. Regan, Helen M. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. TI Effects of climate change and urban development on the distribution and conservation of vegetation in a Mediterranean type ecosystem SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; species distribution models; urban development; plant functional type; Mediterranean type ecosystem ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PROTECTED AREAS; LAND-USE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FLORISTIC REGION; HABITAT LOSS; FUTURE; SCALE; PLANT AB Climate and land-use changes are projected to threaten biodiversity over this century. However, few studies have considered the spatial and temporal overlap of these threats to evaluate how ongoing land-use change could affect species ranges projected to shift outside conservation areas. We evaluated climate change and urban development effects on vegetation distribution in the Southwest ecoregion, California Floristic Province, USA. We also evaluated how well a conservation network protects suitable habitat for rare plant species under these change projections and identified primary sources of uncertainty. We used consensus-based maps from three species distribution models (SDMs) to project current and future suitable habitat for 19 species representing different functional types (defined by fire-response - obligate seeders, resprouting shrubs - and life forms - herbs, subshrubs), and range sizes (large/common, small/rare). We used one spatially explicit urban growth projection; two climate models, emission scenarios, and probability thresholds applied to SDMs; and high-resolution (90m) environmental data. We projected that suitable habitat could disappear for 4 species and decrease for 15 by 2080. Averaged centroids of suitable habitat (all species) were projected to shift tens (up to hundreds) of kilometers. Herbs showed a small-projected response to climate change, while obligate seeders could suffer the greatest losses. Several rare species could lose suitable habitat inside conservation areas while increasing area outside. We concluded that (i) climate change is more important than urban development for vegetation habitat loss in this ecoregion through 2080 due to diminishing amounts of undeveloped private land in this region; (ii) the existing conservation plan, while extensive, may be inadequate to protect plant diversity under projected patterns of climate change and urban development, (iii) regional assessments of the dynamics of the drivers of biodiversity change based on high-resolution environmental data and consensus predictive mapping, such as this study, are necessary to identify the species expected to be the most vulnerable and to meaningfully inform regional-scale conservation. C1 [Beltran, Bray J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Beltran, Bray J.] Five Valleys Land Trust, Missoula, MT USA. [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA USA. [Regan, Helen M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Beltran, BJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM bray@fvlt.org FU United States Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER64159]; United States National Science Foundation [BCS-0824708] FX This work was supported by grants from the United States Department of Energy [grant number DE-FC02-06ER64159]; United States National Science Foundation [grant number BCS-0824708] to HMR and JF; it represents the findings of the authors and does not reflect the opinion of the sponsors. NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1365-8816 EI 1362-3087 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SCI JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PY 2014 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 1561 EP 1589 DI 10.1080/13658816.2013.846472 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Geography, Physical; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Geography; Physical Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA AH8II UT WOS:000336380800004 ER PT J AU Singh, RK Senay, GB Velpuri, NM Bohms, S Scott, RL Verdin, JP AF Singh, Ramesh K. Senay, Gabriel B. Velpuri, Naga M. Bohms, Stefanie Scott, Russell L. Verdin, James P. TI Actual Evapotranspiration ( Water Use) Assessment of the Colorado River Basin at the Landsat Resolution Using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance Model SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; energy balance; geospatial analysis; hydrologic cycle; irrigation; Landsat; remote sensing; water use ID LATENT-HEAT FLUXES; EDDY-COVARIANCE; VEGETATION INDEX; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ECOSYSTEM; FLUXNET; TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; COEFFICIENTS; RESTORATION AB Accurately estimating consumptive water use in the Colorado River Basin (CRB) is important for assessing and managing limited water resources in the basin. Increasing water demand from various sectors may threaten long-term sustainability of the water supply in the arid southwestern United States. We have developed a first-ever basin-wide actual evapotranspiration (ETa) map of the CRB at the Landsat scale for water use assessment at the field level. We used the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model for estimating ETa using 328 cloud-free Landsat images acquired during 2010. Our results show that cropland had the highest ETa among all land cover classes except for water. Validation using eddy covariance measured ETa showed that the SSEBop model nicely captured the variability in annual ETa with an overall R-2 of 0.78 and a mean bias error of about 10%. Comparison with water balance-based ETa showed good agreement (R-2 = 0.85) at the sub-basin level. Though there was good correlation (R-2 = 0.79) between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based ETa (1 km spatial resolution) and Landsat-based ETa (30 m spatial resolution), the spatial distribution of MODIS-based ETa was not suitable for water use assessment at the field level. In contrast, Landsat-based ETa has good potential to be used at the field level for water management. With further validation using multiple years and sites, our methodology can be applied for regular production of ETa maps of larger areas such as the conterminous United States. C1 [Singh, Ramesh K.; Velpuri, Naga M.] ASRC Fed InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.; Verdin, James P.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Bohms, Stefanie] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Singh, RK (reprint author), ASRC Fed InuTeq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM rsingh@usgs.gov; senay@usgs.gov; nvelpuri@usgs.gov; sbohms@usgs.gov; russ.scott@ars.usda.gov; verdin@usgs.gov OI Singh, Ramesh/0000-0002-8164-3483 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) of the WaterSMART program [G23PC00028, G10PC00044] FX This work was performed under U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) contract G23PC00028 and G10PC00044 in support of the WaterSMART program. We acknowledge with thanks the internal review of the manuscript by Roger Auch, USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center. We gratefully acknowledge the use of Ameriflux data for our model validation. We are thankful to the four anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 25 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 233 EP 256 DI 10.3390/rs6010233 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AG6VF UT WOS:000335555900011 ER PT J AU Nouri, H Beecham, S Anderson, S Nagler, P AF Nouri, Hamideh Beecham, Simon Anderson, Sharolyn Nagler, Pamela TI High Spatial Resolution WorldView-2 Imagery for Mapping NDVI and Its Relationship to Temporal Urban Landscape Evapotranspiration Factors SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; landscape coefficient; WorldView-2; urban vegetation; NDVI; Water Use Classifications of Landscape Species (WUCOLS); MODIS ID ENHANCED VEGETATION INDEX; IMAGING SPECTROMETRY DATA; REMOTE-SENSING METHODS; WESTERN US RIVERS; LEAF-AREA INDEX; RIPARIAN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; FLUX TOWERS; MODIS; IRRIGATION AB Evapotranspiration estimation has benefitted from recent advances in remote sensing and GIS techniques particularly in agricultural applications rather than urban environments. This paper explores the relationship between urban vegetation evapotranspiration (ET) and vegetation indices derived from newly-developed high spatial resolution WorldView-2 imagery. The study site was Veale Gardens in Adelaide, Australia. Image processing was applied on five images captured from February 2012 to February 2013 using ERDAS Imagine. From 64 possible two band combinations of WorldView-2, the most reliable one (with the maximum median differences) was selected. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values were derived for each category of landscape cover, namely trees, shrubs, turf grasses, impervious pavements, and water bodies. Urban landscape evapotranspiration rates for Veale Gardens were estimated through field monitoring using observational-based landscape coefficients. The relationships between remotely sensed NDVIs for the entire Veale Gardens and for individual NDVIs of different vegetation covers were compared with field measured urban landscape evapotranspiration rates. The water stress conditions experienced in January 2013 decreased the correlation between ET and NDVI with the highest relationship of ET-Landscape NDVI (Landscape Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for shrubs (r(2) = 0.66) and trees (r(2) = 0.63). However, when the January data was excluded, there was a significant correlation between ET and NDVI. The highest correlation for ET-Landscape NDVI was found for the entire Veale Gardens regardless of vegetation type (r(2) = 0.95, p > 0.05) and the lowest one was for turf (r(2) = 0.88, p > 0.05). In support of the feasibility of ET estimation by WV2 over a longer period, an algorithm recently developed that estimates evapotranspiration rates based on the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS was employed. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between ETMODIS and ETWV2 (r(2) = 0.9857, p > 0.05). This indicates that the relationship between NDVI using high resolution WorldView-2 imagery and ground-based validation approaches could provide an effective predictive tool for determining ET rates from unstressed mixed urban landscape plantings. C1 [Nouri, Hamideh] Univ S Australia, SA Water Ctr Water Management & Reuse, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Beecham, Simon; Anderson, Sharolyn] Univ S Australia, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Anderson, Sharolyn] Univ S Australia, Barbara Hardy Inst, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Nagler, Pamela] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Nagler, Pamela] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Nouri, H (reprint author), Univ S Australia, SA Water Ctr Water Management & Reuse, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. EM Hamideh.Nouri@mymail.unisa.edu.au; Simon.Beecham@unisa.edu.au; Sharolyn.Anderson@unisa.edu.au; Pnagler@usgs.gov RI Anderson, Sharolyn/F-4653-2013; Beecham, Simon/M-1544-2016 OI Anderson, Sharolyn/0000-0002-9456-0193; Beecham, Simon/0000-0002-9884-3852 FU SA Water Corporation [SW100201]; Goyder Institute for Water Research FX This study was funded by the SA Water Corporation through Research Grant SW100201. The researchers are also grateful to staff at SA Water and particularly to Karen Rouse and Greg Ingleton. We also appreciate the support of Adelaide City Council and particularly Kent Williams, Adam Gunn and all the horticulturists and gardeners working in Veale Gardens. The researchers also acknowledge the support of the Goyder Institute for Water Research. The authors thank Edward Glenn from University of Arizona for his review of the manuscript. We also thank the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for providing meteorological data. Finally, we are very grateful for the assistance of Paul Sutton, David Bruce, Ali Hassanli, Sattar Chavoshi, Fatemeh Kazemi and technical officers in the School of Natural and Built Environments at the University of South Australia. We also appreciate the advice of Jorg Hacker of Flinders University. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 44 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 580 EP 602 DI 10.3390/rs6010580 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AG6VF UT WOS:000335555900025 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, P AF Thenkabail, Prasad TI Remote Sensing Best Paper Award for the Year 2014 SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USGS, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Thenkabail, P (reprint author), USGS, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pthenkabail@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 905 EP 906 DI 10.3390/rs6010905 PG 2 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AG6VF UT WOS:000335555900041 ER PT J AU Whitman, RL Byappanahalli, MN Spoljaric, AM Przybyla-Kelly, K Shively, DA Nevers, MB AF Whitman, Richard L. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Spoljaric, Ashley M. Przybyla-Kelly, Kasia Shively, Dawn A. Nevers, Meredith B. TI Evidence for free-living Bacteroides in Cladophora along the shores of the Great Lakes SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anaerobic environments; Bacteroides; Cladophora; Sequencing; Uncultured bacteria ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; RNA GENETIC-MARKERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BEACH SAND; CALIFORNIA COAST; NEARSHORE WATER; WASTE-WATER; PCR ASSAYS; PERSISTENCE; POLLUTION AB Bacteroides is assumed to be restricted to the alimentary canal of animals and humans and is considered to be non-viable in ambient environments. We hypothesized that Bacteroides could persist and replicate within beach-stranded Cladophora glomerata mats in southern Lake Michigan, USA. Mean Bacteroides concentration (per GenBac3 Taqman quantitative PCR assay) during summer 2012 at Jeorse Park Beach was 5.2 log calibrator cell equivalents (CCE) g(-1) dry weight (dw), ranging from 3.7 to 6.7. We monitored a single beach-stranded mat for 3 wk; bacterial concentrations increased by 1.6 log CCE g(-1) dw and correlated significantly with ambient temperature (p = 0.003). Clonal growth was evident, as observed by > 99% nucleotide sequence similarity among clones. In in vitro studies, Bacteroides concentrations increased by 5.5 log CCE g(-1) after 7 d (27 degrees C) in fresh Cladophora collected from rocks. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of 36 clones from the incubation experiment showed highly similar genotypes (>= 97% sequence overlap). The closest enteric Bacteroides spp. from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database were only 87 to 91% similar. Genomic similarity, clonality, growth, and persistence collectively suggest that putative, free-living Bacteroides inhabit Cladophora mats of southern Lake Michigan. These findings may have important biological, medical, regulatory, microbial source tracking, and public health implications. C1 [Whitman, Richard L.; Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Spoljaric, Ashley M.; Przybyla-Kelly, Kasia; Shively, Dawn A.; Nevers, Meredith B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Byappanahalli, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 North Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM byappan@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 EI 1616-1564 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2014 VL 72 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.3354/ame01688 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA AH0RI UT WOS:000335827500003 ER PT J AU van Wagtendonk, JW AF van Wagtendonk, Jan W. TI Fire as an Ecological and Silvicultural Factor Introduction SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP van Wagtendonk, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, POB 700, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. EM jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA AG8EU UT WOS:000335652400001 ER PT J AU Sautter, V Fabre, C Forni, O Toplis, MJ Cousin, A Ollila, AM Meslin, PY Maurice, S Wiens, RC Baratoux, D Mangold, N Le Mouelic, S Gasnault, O Berger, G Lasue, J Anderson, RA Lewin, E Schmidt, M Dyar, D Ehlmann, BL Bridges, J Clark, B Pinet, P AF Sautter, V. Fabre, C. Forni, O. Toplis, M. J. Cousin, A. Ollila, A. M. Meslin, P. Y. Maurice, S. Wiens, R. C. Baratoux, D. Mangold, N. Le Mouelic, S. Gasnault, O. Berger, G. Lasue, J. Anderson, R. A. Lewin, E. Schmidt, M. Dyar, D. Ehlmann, B. L. Bridges, J. Clark, B. Pinet, P. TI Igneous mineralogy at Bradbury Rise: The first ChemCam campaign at Gale crater SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Curiosity; Gale Crater; igneous rocks; feldspar; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); ChemCam ID INSTRUMENT SUITE; MARS; SCIENCE; ROVER; CRUST; GEOCHEMISTRY; METEORITES; TARGETS; UNIT AB Textural and compositional analyses using Chemistry Camera (ChemCam) remote microimager and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) have been performed on five float rocks and coarse gravels along the first 100 m of the Curiosity traverse at Bradbury Rise. ChemCam, the first LIBS instrument sent to another planet, offers the opportunity to assess mineralogic diversity at grain-size scales (similar to 100 mu m) and, from this, lithologic diversity. Depth profiling indicates that targets are relatively free of surface coatings. One type of igneous rock is volcanic and includes both aphanitic (Coronation) and porphyritic (Mara) samples. The porphyritic sample shows dark grains that are likely pyroxene megacrysts in a fine-grained mesostasis containing andesine needles. Both types have magnesium-poor basaltic compositions and in this respect are similar to the evolved Jake Matijevic rock analyzed further along the Curiosity traverse both with Alpha-Particle X-ray Spectrometer and ChemCam instruments. The second rock type encountered is a coarse-grained intrusive rock (Thor Lake) showing equigranular texture with millimeter size crystals of feldspars and Fe-Ti oxides. Such a rock is not unique at Gale as the surrounding coarse gravels (such as Beaulieu) and the conglomerate Link are dominated by feldspathic (andesine-bytownite) clasts. Finally, alkali feldspar compositions associated with a silica polymorph have been analyzed in fractured filling material of Preble rock and in Stark, a putative pumice or an impact melt. These observations document magmatic diversity at Gale and describe the first fragments of feldspar-rich lithologies (possibly an anorthosite) that may be ancient crust transported from the crater rim and now forming float rocks, coarse gravel, or conglomerate clasts. C1 [Sautter, V.] MNHN, CNRS UMR 7202, LMCM, FR-75005 Paris, France. [Fabre, C.] Univ Lorraine, CNRS UMR GeoRessources 7359, Nancy, France. [Forni, O.; Toplis, M. J.; Meslin, P. Y.; Maurice, S.; Baratoux, D.; Gasnault, O.; Berger, G.; Lasue, J.; Pinet, P.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS UMR IRAP 7277, Toulouse, France. [Cousin, A.; Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Ollila, A. M.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Mangold, N.; Le Mouelic, S.] LPG Nantes, CNRS UMR 6112, Nantes, France. [Anderson, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lewin, E.] Univ Grenoble, CNRS UMR 5275, ISTerre, Grenoble, France. [Schmidt, M.] Brock Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Dyar, D.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Ehlmann, B. L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bridges, J.] Univ Leicester, SRC, Leicester, Leics, England. [Clark, B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sautter, V (reprint author), MNHN, CNRS UMR 7202, LMCM, 61 Rue Buffon, FR-75005 Paris, France. EM vsautter@mnhn.fr RI BERGER, Gilles/F-7118-2016; LEWIN, Eric/F-1451-2017; OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012 FU NASA's Mars Exploration Program in the US; NASA's Mars Exploration Program in the France; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX The MSL team is gratefully acknowledged. The manuscript was greatly improved by the reviews of H.Y. McSween, M. McCanta, and H. Nekvasil, as well as editorial comments by J. Filiberto. All are warmly thanked for their help. This research was carried out with funding from NASA's Mars Exploration Program in the US and in France with the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). NR 58 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 30 EP 46 DI 10.1002/2013JE004472 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AD1YA UT WOS:000333028400003 ER PT J AU Dundas, CM Byrne, S McEwen, AS Mellon, MT Kennedy, MR Daubar, IJ Saper, L AF Dundas, Colin M. Byrne, Shane McEwen, Alfred S. Mellon, Michael T. Kennedy, Megan R. Daubar, Ingrid J. Saper, Lee TI HiRISE observations of new impact craters exposing Martian ground ice SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Impact Craters; Ground Ice ID POLAR LAYERED DEPOSITS; THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; WATER-VAPOR; SUBSURFACE ICE; NEAR-SURFACE; MARS; ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; HEMISPHERE; STABILITY AB Twenty small new impact craters or clusters have been observed to excavate bright material inferred to be ice at mid-latitudes and high latitudes on Mars. In the northern hemisphere, the craters are widely distributed geographically and occur at latitudes as low as 39 degrees N. Stability modeling suggests that this ice distribution requires a long-term average atmospheric water vapor content around 25 precipitable micrometers, more than double the present value, which is consistent with the expected effect of recent orbital variations. Alternatively, near-surface humidity could be higher than expected for current column abundances if water vapor is not well mixed with atmospheric CO2, or the vapor pressure at the ice table could be lower due to salts. Ice in and around the craters remains visibly bright for months to years, indicating that it is clean ice rather than ice-cemented regolith. Although some clean ice may be produced by the impact process, it is likely that the original ground ice was excess ice (exceeding dry soil pore space) in many cases. Observations of the craters suggest small-scale heterogeneities in this excess ice. The origin of such ice is uncertain. Ice lens formation by migration of thin films of liquid is most consistent with local heterogeneity in ice content and common surface boulders, but in some cases, nearby thermokarst landforms suggest large amounts of excess ice that may be best explained by a degraded ice sheet. C1 [Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Byrne, Shane; McEwen, Alfred S.; Daubar, Ingrid J.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mellon, Michael T.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Kennedy, Megan R.; Saper, Lee] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Dundas, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cdundas@usgs.gov RI Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project FX We thank the HiRISE and CTX operation teams for their work in acquiring and processing the images used in this study. W. Feldman kindly provided the WEH data used in Figure. Two anonymous reviewers provided many helpful comments. This work was funded by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project. NR 77 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 109 EP 127 DI 10.1002/2013JE004482 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AD1YA UT WOS:000333028400008 ER PT J AU Ollila, AM Newsom, HE Clark, B Wiens, RC Cousin, A Blank, JG Mangold, N Sautter, V Maurice, S Clegg, SM Gasnault, O Forni, O Tokar, R Lewin, E Dyar, MD Lasue, J Anderson, R McLennan, SM Bridges, J Vaniman, D Lanza, N Fabre, C Melikechi, N Perrett, GM Campbell, JL King, PL Barraclough, B Delapp, D Johnstone, S Meslin, PY Rosen-Gooding, A Williams, J AF Ollila, Ann M. Newsom, Horton E. Clark, Benton, III Wiens, Roger C. Cousin, Agnes Blank, Jen G. Mangold, Nicolas Sautter, Violaine Maurice, Sylvestre Clegg, Samuel M. Gasnault, Olivier Forni, Olivier Tokar, Robert Lewin, Eric Dyar, M. Darby Lasue, Jeremie Anderson, Ryan McLennan, Scott M. Bridges, John Vaniman, Dave Lanza, Nina Fabre, Cecile Melikechi, Noureddine Perrett, Glynis M. Campbell, John L. King, Penelope L. Barraclough, Bruce Delapp, Dorothea Johnstone, Stephen Meslin, Pierre-Yves Rosen-Gooding, Anya Williams, Josh CA MSL Sci Team TI Trace element geochemistry ( Li, Ba, Sr, and Rb) using Curiosity's ChemCam: Early results for Gale crater from Bradbury Landing Site to Rocknest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Mars; Gale crater; trace elements; ChemCam; Mars Science Laboratory ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; LIGHT LITHOPHILE ELEMENTS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MARTIAN SOIL; SM-ND; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; INSTRUMENT SUITE; SELF-ABSORPTION; SOUTH-AFRICA AB The ChemCam instrument package on the Mars rover, Curiosity, provides new capabilities to probe the abundances of certain trace elements in the rocks and soils on Mars using the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique. We focus on detecting and quantifying Li, Ba, Rb, and Sr in targets analyzed during the first 100 sols, from Bradbury Landing Site to Rocknest. Univariate peak area models and multivariate partial least squares models are presented. Li, detected for the first time directly on Mars, is generally low (<15 ppm). The lack of soil enrichment in Li, which is highly fluid mobile, is consistent with limited influx of subsurface waters contributing to the upper soils. Localized enrichments of up to similar to 60 ppm Li have been observed in several rocks but the host mineral for Li is unclear. Bathurst_Inlet is a fine-grained bedrock unit in which several analysis locations show a decrease in Li and other alkalis with depth, which may imply that the unit has undergone low-level aqueous alteration that has preferentially drawn the alkalis to the surface. Ba (similar to 1000 ppm) was detected in a buried pebble in the Akaitcho sand ripple and it appears to correlate with Si, Al, Na, and K, indicating a possible feldspathic composition. Rb and Sr are in the conglomerate Link at abundances >100 ppm and >1000 ppm, respectively. These analysis locations tend to have high Si and alkali abundances, consistent with a feldspar composition. Together, these trace element observations provide possible evidence of magma differentiation and aqueous alteration. C1 [Ollila, Ann M.; Newsom, Horton E.; Williams, Josh] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Clark, Benton, III] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Wiens, Roger C.; Cousin, Agnes; Clegg, Samuel M.; Lanza, Nina; Delapp, Dorothea; Johnstone, Stephen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Blank, Jen G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Mangold, Nicolas] Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, LPGN, Nantes, France. [Sautter, Violaine] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Mineral & Cosmochim Museum, F-75231 Paris, France. [Maurice, Sylvestre; Gasnault, Olivier; Forni, Olivier; Lasue, Jeremie; Meslin, Pierre-Yves] Univ Toulouse 3, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Tokar, Robert; Vaniman, Dave; Barraclough, Bruce] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Lewin, Eric] ISTerre, Grenoble, France. [Dyar, M. Darby] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Anderson, Ryan] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McLennan, Scott M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Fabre, Cecile] Univ Lorraine, CNRS, UMR7356, GeoResources, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Melikechi, Noureddine] Delaware State Univ, Opt Sci Ctr Appl Res, Dover, DE USA. [Perrett, Glynis M.; Campbell, John L.; King, Penelope L.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [King, Penelope L.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Rosen-Gooding, Anya] Albuquerque Acad, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ollila, AM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Inst Meteorit, 1 Univ New Mexico,MSC03-2050, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM aollila@unm.edu RI Gonzalez, Rafael/D-1748-2009; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/L-8001-2014; King, Penelope/A-1791-2011; Ramos, Miguel/K-2230-2014; LEWIN, Eric/F-1451-2017; OI Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/0000-0003-0461-9815; King, Penelope/0000-0002-8364-9168; Ramos, Miguel/0000-0003-3648-6818; Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU Zonta International Foundation; New Mexico Space Grant Consortium; Chateaubriand Fellowship; Canadian Space Agency FX A. Ollila would like to thank the Zonta International Foundation, the New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, and the Chateaubriand Fellowship for their support. P. King acknowledges support from the Canadian Space Agency. We would also like to thank NASA and the numerous scientists and engineers that have worked on MSL throughout the years. NR 127 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 255 EP 285 DI 10.1002/2013JE004517 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AD1YA UT WOS:000333028400017 ER PT J AU Justus, BG Mize, SV Wallace, J Kroes, D AF Justus, B. G. Mize, S. V. Wallace, J. Kroes, D. TI INVERTEBRATE AND FISH ASSEMBLAGE RELATIONS TO DISSOLVED OXYGEN MINIMA IN LOWLAND STREAMS OF SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dissolved oxygen; threshold response; tolerance; metric; intermediate disturbance; lowland streams; Louisiana ID UNITED-STATES; BIOTIC INDEX; HYPOXIA; DIVERSITY; REQUIREMENTS; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; THRESHOLDS; TOLERANCE; POLLUTION AB Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in lowland streams are naturally lower than those in upland streams; however, in some regions where monitoring data are lacking, DO criteria originally established for upland streams have been applied to lowland streams. This study investigated the DO concentrations at which fish and invertebrate assemblages at 35 sites located on lowland streams in southwestern Louisiana began to demonstrate biological thresholds. Average threshold values for taxa richness, diversity and abundance metrics were 2.6 and 2.3mg/L for the invertebrate and fish assemblages, respectively. These thresholds are approximately twice the DO concentration that some native fish species are capable of tolerating and are comparable with DO criteria that have been recently applied to some coastal streams in Louisiana and Texas. DO minima >2.5mg/L were favoured for all but extremely tolerant taxa. Extremely tolerant taxa had respiratory adaptations that gave them a competitive advantage, and their success when DO minima were <2mg/L could be related more to reductions in competition or predation than to DO concentration directly. DO generally had an inverse relation to the amount of agriculture in the buffer area; however, DO concentrations at sites with both low and high amounts of agriculture (including three least-disturbed sites) declined to <2.5mg/L. Thus, although DO fell below a concentration that was identified as an approximate biological threshold, sources of this condition were sometimes natural (allochthonous material) and had little relation to anthropogenic activity. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Justus, B. G.; Wallace, J.] US Geol Survey, Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. [Mize, S. V.; Kroes, D.] US Geol Survey, Louisiana Water Sci Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. RP Justus, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, 401 Hardin Rd, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. EM bjustus@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 11 EP 28 DI 10.1002/rra.2623 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AF0MQ UT WOS:000334409100002 ER PT J AU Carlisle, DM Nelson, SM Eng, K AF Carlisle, D. M. Nelson, S. M. Eng, K. TI MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF STREAMFLOW ALTERATION SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hydrologic alteration; macroinvertebrates; biological integrity; predictive models ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; WATER; DAMS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSEQUENCES; ASSESSMENTS; INTEGRITY; SCIENCE; RIVER AB Natural streamflows play a critical role in stream ecosystems, yet quantitative relations between streamflow alteration and stream health have been elusive. One reason for this difficulty is that neither streamflow alteration nor ecological responses are measured relative to their natural expectations. We assessed macroinvertebrate community condition in 25 mountain streams representing a large gradient of streamflow alteration, which we quantified as the departure of observed flows from natural expectations. Observed flows were obtained from US Geological Survey streamgaging stations and discharge records from dams and diversion structures. During low-flow conditions in September, samples of macroinvertebrate communities were collected at each site, in addition to measures of physical habitat, water chemistry and organic matter. In general, streamflows were artificially high during summer and artificially low throughout the rest of the year. Biological condition, as measured by richness of sensitive taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) and taxonomic completeness (O/E), was strongly and negatively related to the severity of depleted flows in winter. Analyses of macroinvertebrate traits suggest that taxa losses may have been caused by thermal modification associated with streamflow alteration. Our study yielded quantitative relations between the severity of streamflow alteration and the degree of biological impairment and suggests that water management that reduces streamflows during winter months is likely to have negative effects on downstream benthic communities in Utah mountain streams. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Carlisle, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Nelson, S. M.] US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Eng, K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Carlisle, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dcarlisle@usgs.gov FU Science and Technology Program of the Bureau of Reclamation; National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the US Geological Survey FX Funding for this research was provided by the Science and Technology Program of the Bureau of Reclamation, and the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the US Geological Survey. The authors thank personnel from the Central Utah Water Conservancy District for providing flow data for diversion structures. Utah Division of Water Quality personnel, particularly B. Holcomb, provided field assistance and chemistry sample processing. We thank T. Short and E. Gordon for reviews of an early draft. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1002/rra.2626 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AF0MQ UT WOS:000334409100003 ER PT J AU Gard, M AF Gard, M. TI MODELLING CHANGES IN SALMON HABITAT ASSOCIATED WITH RIVER CHANNEL RESTORATION AND FLOW-INDUCED CHANNEL ALTERATIONS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE river restoration; habitat enhancement; adaptive management; fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha); validation of habitat predictions AB The River2D two-dimensional hydraulic and habitat model was used to simulate fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) spawning and fry and juvenile rearing habitat of the first phase of a stream channel restoration project on Clear Creek, California. Habitat was simulated for a range of stream flows: (1) before restoration; (2) based on the restoration design; (3) immediately after restoration; and (4) after one and two large flow events. Hydraulic and structural data were collected for three sites before restoration, and prerestoration habitat was simulated. Habitat simulated for these sites was extrapolated to the prerestoration area based on habitat mapping. The topographical plan for the restoration was used to simulate the anticipated habitat after restoration. Although the restoration increased spawning habitat, it was less successful for rearing habitat. Channel changes associated with high-flow events did not entirely negate the benefits of the restoration project. The results of this study point out the need for models that can simulate the changes in channel topography associated with high-flow events, which could then be used to simulate habitat over time. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Gard, M (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2800 Cottage Way,Room W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM mark_gard@fws.gov FU Central Valley Project Improvement Act [PL102-575] FX Mention of specific products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The author thanks E. Ballard, R. Williams, E. Sauls, J. Kelly and B. Pelle for their assistance with the fieldwork for this study. E. Ballard conducted the prerestoration modelling. B. Pelle assisted with the 2003 postrestoration modelling. The restoration project design was provided by McBain and Trush Consultants. Graham Matthews and Associates supplied the postrestoration bed topography for 2002 and 2004. The redd distribution data used in the biological validation was supplied by S. Giovanetti and J. Newton. This study was funded by the Central Valley Project Improvement Act (title XXXIV of PL102-575). NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.1002/rra.2642 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AF0MQ UT WOS:000334409100004 ER PT S AU Clark, RN Swayze, GA Carlson, R Grundy, W Noll, K AF Clark, Roger N. Swayze, Gregg A. Carlson, Robert Grundy, Will Noll, Keith BE Henderson, GS Neuville, DR Downs, RT TI Spectroscopy from Space SO SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS IN MINERALOLOGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCES SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; ICY GALILEAN SATELLITES; HYDRATED SALT MINERALS; SULFURIC-ACID HYDRATE; HUYGENS LANDING SITE; TRANS-NEPTUNIAN BELT; OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; 0.65-2.5 MU-M AB This chapter reviews detection of materials on solid and liquid (lakes and ocean) surfaces in the solar system using ultraviolet to infrared spectroscopy from space, or near space (high altitude aircraft on the Earth), or in the case of remote objects, earth-based and earth-orbiting telescopes. Point spectrometers and imaging spectrometers have been probing the surfaces of our solar system for decades. Spacecraft carrying imaging spectrometers are currently in orbit around Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Saturn, and systems have recently visited Jupiter, comets, asteroids, and one spectrometer-carrying spacecraft is on its way to Pluto. Together these systems are providing a wealth of data that will enable a better understanding of the composition of condensed matter bodies in the solar system. Minerals, ices, liquids, and other materials have been detected and mapped on the Earth and all planets and/or their satellites where the surface can be observed from space, with the exception of Venus whose thick atmosphere limits surface observation. Basaltic minerals (e.g., pyroxene and olivine) have been detected with spectroscopy on the Earth, Moon, Mars and some asteroids. The greatest mineralogic diversity seen from space is observed on the Earth and Mars. The Earth, with oceans, active tectonic and hydrologic cycles, and biological processes, displays the greatest material diversity including the detection of amorphous and crystalline inorganic materials, organic compounds, water and water ice. Water ice is a very common mineral throughout the Solar System and has been unambiguously detected or inferred in every planet and/or their moon(s) where good spectroscopic data has been obtained. In addition to water ice, other molecular solids have been observed in the solar system using spectroscopic methods. Solid carbon dioxide is found on all systems beyond the Earth except Pluto, although CO2 sometimes appears to be trapped in other solids rather than as an ice on some objects. The largest deposits of carbon dioxide ice are found on Mars. Sulfur dioxide ice is found in the Jupiter system. Nitrogen and methane ices are common beyond the Uranian system. Saturn's moon Titan probably has the most complex active extra-terrestrial surface chemistry involving organic compounds. Some of the observed or inferred compounds include ices of benzene (C6H6), cyanoacetylene (HC3N), toluene (C-7-H-8), cyanogen (C2N2), acetonitrile (CH3CN), water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3). Confirming compounds on Titan is hampered by its thick smoggy atmosphere, where in relative terms the atmospheric interferences that hamper surface characterization lie between that of Venus and Earth. In this chapter we exclude discussion of the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune because their thick atmospheres preclude observing the surface, even if surfaces exist. However, we do discuss spectroscopic observations on a number of the extra-terrestrial satellite bodies. Ammonia was predicted on many icy moons but is notably absent among the definitively detected ices with possible exceptions on Charon and possible trace amounts on some of the Saturnian satellites. Comets, storehouses of many compounds that could exist as ices in their nuclei, have only had small amounts of water ice definitively detected on their surfaces from spectroscopy. Only two asteroids have had a direct detection of surface water ice, although its presence can be inferred in others. C1 [Clark, Roger N.; Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Carlson, Robert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grundy, Will] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Noll, Keith] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Clark, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS964,Box 25046 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rclark@usgs.gov; gswayze@usgs.gov; Robert.W.Carlson@jpl.nasa.gov; W.Grundy@lowell.edu; keith.s.noll@nasa.gov NR 334 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 39 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-93-5 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2014 VL 78 BP 399 EP 446 DI 10.2138/rmg.2014.78.10 PG 48 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BA3NO UT WOS:000334387700010 ER PT J AU Raia, S Alvioli, M Rossi, M Baum, RL Godt, JW Guzzetti, F AF Raia, S. Alvioli, M. Rossi, M. Baum, R. L. Godt, J. W. Guzzetti, F. TI Improving predictive power of physically based rainfall-induced shallow landslide models: a probabilistic approach SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID HAZARD ASSESSMENT; DEBRIS FLOWS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; THRESHOLDS; UMBRIA; INFILTRATION; WASHINGTON; INITIATION; SEATTLE AB Distributed models to forecast the spatial and temporal occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides are based on deterministic laws. These models extend spatially the static stability models adopted in geotechnical engineering, and adopt an infinite-slope geometry to balance the resisting and the driving forces acting on the sliding mass. An infiltration model is used to determine how rainfall changes pore-water conditions, modulating the local stability/instability conditions. A problem with the operation of the existing models lays in the difficulty in obtaining accurate values for the several variables that describe the material properties of the slopes. The problem is particularly severe when the models are applied over large areas, for which sufficient information on the geotechnical and hydrological conditions of the slopes is not generally available. To help solve the problem, we propose a probabilistic Monte Carlo approach to the distributed modeling of rainfall-induced shallow landslides. For this purpose, we have modified the transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability analysis (TRIGRS) code. The new code (TRIGRS-P) adopts a probabilistic approach to compute, on a cell-by-cell basis, transient pore-pressure changes and related changes in the factor of safety due to rainfall infiltration. Infiltration is modeled using analytical solutions of partial differential equations describing one-dimensional vertical flow in isotropic, homogeneous materials. Both saturated and unsaturated soil conditions can be considered. TRIGRS-P copes with the natural variability inherent to the mechanical and hydrological properties of the slope materials by allowing values of the TRIGRS model input parameters to be sampled randomly from a given probability distribution. The range of variation and the mean value of the parameters can be determined by the usual methods used for preparing the TRIGRS input parameters. The outputs of several model runs obtained varying the input parameters are analyzed statistically, and compared to the original (deterministic) model output. The comparison suggests an improvement of the predictive power of the model of about 10% and 16% in two small test areas, that is, the Frontignano (Italy) and the Mukilteo (USA) areas. We discuss the computational requirements of TRIGRS-P to determine the potential use of the numerical model to forecast the spatial and temporal occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in very large areas, extending for several hundreds or thousands of square kilometers. Parallel execution of the code using a simple process distribution and the message passing interface (MPI) on multi-processor machines was successful, opening the possibly of testing the use of TRIGRS-P for the operational forecasting of rainfall-induced shallow landslides over large regions. C1 [Raia, S.; Alvioli, M.; Rossi, M.; Guzzetti, F.] CNR IRPI, I-06128 Perugia, Italy. [Baum, R. L.; Godt, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Alvioli, M (reprint author), CNR IRPI, Via Madonna Alta 126, I-06128 Perugia, Italy. EM alvioli@pg.infn.it RI Guzzetti, Fausto/G-4404-2011; OI Guzzetti, Fausto/0000-0003-4950-6056; Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970 FU Italian national Department for Civil Protection (DPC); Regione Umbria under contract por-fesr Umbria, asse ii, attivita a1, azione 5; DPC; CRESCO computer centre; ENEA-Grid team FX SR and MR supported by a grant of the Italian national Department for Civil Protection (DPC); MA supported by Regione Umbria under contract por-fesr Umbria 2007-2013, asse ii, attivita a1, azione 5 and DPC. We thank the ENEA-Grid team (www.eneagrid.enea.it), and the CRESCO computer centre (www.cresco.enea.it) for support and the possibility of using their Grid computing facilities. We are grateful to L. Brakefield and A. Frankel (USGS) for their constructive reviews on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 495 EP 514 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-495-2014 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF1BE UT WOS:000334448600003 ER PT J AU Murphy, JC Hirsch, RM Sprague, LA AF Murphy, J. C. Hirsch, R. M. Sprague, L. A. TI Antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Mississippi River basin SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SOUTH-WEST ENGLAND; WATER-QUALITY; TOPOGRAPHIC CONTROLS; SMALL CATCHMENT; NITROGEN; HYPOXIA; RUNOFF; SOILS AB The relationship between antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations was explored at eight sites in the 2.9 million square kilometers (km(2)) Mississippi River basin, USA. Antecedent flow conditions were quantified as the ratio between the mean daily flow of the previous year and the mean daily flow from the period of record (Qratio), and the Qratio was statistically related to nitrate anomalies (the unexplained variability in nitrate concentration after filtering out season, long-term trend, and contemporaneous flow effects) at each site. Nitrate anomaly and Qratio were negatively related at three of the four major tributary sites and upstream in the Mississippi River, indicating that when mean daily streamflow during the previous year was lower than average, nitrate concentrations were higher than expected. The strength of these relationships increased when data were subdivided by contemporaneous flow conditions. Five of the eight sites had significant negative relationships (p <= 0.05) at high or moderately high contemporaneous flows, suggesting nitrate that accumulates in these basins during a drought is flushed during subsequent high flows. At half of the sites, when mean daily flow during the previous year was 50 percent lower than average, nitrate concentration can be from 9 to 27 percent higher than nitrate concentrations that follow a year with average mean daily flow. Conversely, nitrate concentration can be from 8 to 21 percent lower than expected when flow during the previous year was 50 percent higher than average. Previously documented for small, relatively homogenous basins, our results suggest that relationships between antecedent flows and nitrate concentrations are also observable at a regional scale. Relationships were not observed (using all contemporaneous flow data to-gether) for basins larger than 1 million km2, suggesting that above this limit the overall size and diversity within these basins may necessitate the use of more complicated statistical approaches or that there may be no discernible basin-wide relationship with antecedent flow. The relationships between nitrate concentration and Qratio identified in this study serve as the basis for future studies that can better define specific hydrologic processes occurring during and after a drought (or high flow period) which influence nitrate concentration, such as the duration or magnitude of low flows, and the timing of low and high flows. C1 [Murphy, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. [Hirsch, R. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA USA. [Sprague, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Boise, ID USA. RP Murphy, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM jmurphy@usgs.gov OI Hirsch, Robert/0000-0002-4534-075X; Sprague, Lori/0000-0003-2832-6662 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 3 BP 967 EP 979 DI 10.5194/hess-18-967-2014 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AF1VJ UT WOS:000334501700005 ER PT J AU Pound, MJ Tindall, J Pickering, SJ Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Salzmann, U AF Pound, M. J. Tindall, J. Pickering, S. J. Haywood, A. M. Dowsett, H. J. Salzmann, U. TI Late Pliocene lakes and soils: a global data set for the analysis of climate feedbacks in a warmer world SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID PLIOMIP EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; VEGETATION MODEL; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; JOINT INVESTIGATIONS; CLAY-MINERALS; COUPLED MODEL; BASIN; AFRICA; PALEOSOLS AB The global distribution of late Pliocene soils and lakes has been reconstructed using a synthesis of geological data. These reconstructions are then used as boundary conditions for the Hadley Centre General Circulation Model (HadCM3) and the BIOME4 mechanistic vegetation model. By combining our novel soil and lake reconstructions with a fully coupled climate model we are able to explore the feedbacks of soils and lakes on the climate of the late Pliocene. Our experiments reveal regionally confined changes of local climate and vegetation in response to the new boundary conditions. The addition of late Pliocene soils has the largest influence on surface air temperatures, with notable increases in Australia, the southern part of northern Africa and in Asia. The inclusion of late Pliocene lakes increases precipitation in central Africa and at the locations of lakes in the Northern Hemisphere. When combined, the feedbacks on climate from late Pliocene lakes and soils improve the data to model fit in western North America and the southern part of northern Africa. C1 [Pound, M. J.; Salzmann, U.] Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Dept Geog, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Tindall, J.; Pickering, S. J.; Haywood, A. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Dowsett, H. J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Pound, MJ (reprint author), Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Dept Geog, Ellison Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. EM matthew.pound@northumbria.ac.uk OI Pound, Matthew/0000-0001-8029-9548; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I016287/1]; European Research Council under the European Union/ERC [278636]; US Geological Survey Land Use and Climate Change RD Program; Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis FX M. J. Pound, U. Salzmann and A. M. Haywood acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC Grant NE/I016287/1). J. Tindall, S. J. Pickering and A. M. Haywood acknowledge that the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636. H. J. Dowsett acknowledges support from the US Geological Survey Land Use and Climate Change R&D Program and the Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. We wish to thank C. Contoux, P. Hoelzman and E. Stone for their reviews which greatly improved the manuscript. NR 95 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 167 EP 180 DI 10.5194/cp-10-167-2014 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE2XV UT WOS:000333837600012 ER PT J AU Nemec, KT Chan, JN Hoffman, C Spanbauer, TL Hamm, JA Allen, CR Hefley, T Pan, D Shrestha, P AF Nemec, Kristine T. Chan, Joana Hoffman, Christina Spanbauer, Trisha L. Hamm, Joseph A. Allen, Craig R. Hefley, Trevor Pan, Donald Shrestha, Prabhakar TI Assessing Resilience in Stressed Watersheds SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ecological resilience; Platte River; resilience assessment; social-ecological system; social resilience ID UNITED-STATES; SYSTEMS; HYPOTHESIS; MANAGEMENT; NEBRASKA; RIVER AB Although several frameworks for assessing the resilience of social-ecological systems (SESs) have been developed, some practitioners may not have sufficient time and information to conduct extensive resilience assessments. We have presented a simplified approach to resilience assessment that reviews the scientific, historical, and social literature to rate the resilience of an SES with respect to nine resilience properties: ecological variability, diversity, modularity, acknowledgement of slow variables, tight feedbacks, social capital, innovation, overlap in governance, and ecosystem services. We evaluated the effects of two large-scale projects, the construction of a major dam and the implementation of an ecosystem recovery program, on the resilience of the central Platte River SES (Nebraska, United States). We used this case study to identify the strengths and weaknesses of applying a simplified approach to resilience assessment. Although social resilience has increased steadily since the predam period for the central Platte River SES, ecological resilience was greatly reduced in the postdam period as compared to the predam and ecosystem recovery program time periods. C1 [Nemec, Kristine T.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Chan, Joana; Hoffman, Christina; Hefley, Trevor; Shrestha, Prabhakar] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Spanbauer, Trisha L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Hamm, Joseph A.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Publ Policy Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Hefley, Trevor] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE USA. [Pan, Donald] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Nemec, KT (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RI Hamm, Joseph/M-6823-2016 OI Hamm, Joseph/0000-0001-9250-3681 FU Nebraska Cooperative Fish; Wildlife Research Unit; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; NSF IGERT on Resilience and Adaptive Governance of Stressed Watersheds at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (NSF) [0903469] FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. K. T. Nemec, J. Chan, C. Hoffman, T. L. Spanbauer, J. A. Hamm, T. Hefley, and D. Pan received support through the NSF IGERT on Resilience and Adaptive Governance of Stressed Watersheds at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (NSF # 0903469). Earlier versions of this manuscript were improved by comments from Sheri Fritz and input from Leo Acosta, Sarah Becker, Corinne Kolm, and Sergio Rico. We thank Kerry Hart for designing an interactive graphic displaying changes in the resilience of the Platte River SES over time. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 44 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 AR 34 DI 10.5751/ES-06156-190134 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE3WH UT WOS:000333908600021 ER PT J AU D'Alba, L Spencer, KA Van Hemert, C Heidinger, BJ Gill, L Evans, NP Monaghan, P Handel, CM Shawkey, MD AF D'Alba, L. Spencer, K. A. Van Hemert, C. Heidinger, B. J. Gill, L. Evans, N. P. Monaghan, P. Handel, C. M. Shawkey, M. D. TI The mechanisms of condition-dependent variation in melanin-based plumage color. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM liliana@uakron.edu RI Spencer, Karen/B-3177-2015; Monaghan, Pat/E-6810-2015 OI Spencer, Karen/0000-0002-2851-9379; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E56 EP E56 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049500223 ER PT J AU Divino, JN Mccormick, SD Schultz, ET AF Divino, J. N. Mccormick, S. D. Schultz, E. T. TI Examining Physiological Evolution in Derived Freshwater Threespine Sticklebacks SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jeffrey.divino@uconn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E51 EP E51 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049500204 ER PT J AU Drake, K Bowen, L Miles, K Esque, T Nussear, K Lewison, R AF Drake, K. Bowen, L. Miles, K. Esque, T. Nussear, K. Lewison, R. TI Using Genetics to Understand Physiological Responses to Environmental Stressors in the Desert Tortoise SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. EM kdrake@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E52 EP E52 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049500209 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Kuris, A AF Lafferty, K. D. Kuris, A. TI Ecological consequences of host manipulation by parasites SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E117 EP E117 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049500468 ER PT J AU Mccormick, SD Regish, AM O'Dea, MF AF Mccormick, S. D. Regish, A. M. O'Dea, M. F. TI The evolutionary consequences of staying in freshwater: seawater performance, physiological and endocrine differences between landlocked and anadromous salmon SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Mccormick, S. D.; Regish, A. M.; O'Dea, M. F.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E315 EP E315 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049502321 ER PT J AU Rhodes, AC Lavelle, KA Bourque, JR Demopoulos, AW Montagna, PA Amador, MD AF Rhodes, A. C. Lavelle, K. A. Bourque, J. R. Demopoulos, A. W. Montagna, P. A. Amador, M. D. TI Biodiversity of Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM Adelaide.Rhodes@tamucc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E175 EP E175 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049501230 ER PT J AU Rhodes, AC Lavelle, KA Bourque, JR Demopoulos, AW Montagna, PA Amador, MD AF Rhodes, A. C. Lavelle, K. A. Bourque, J. R. Demopoulos, A. W. Montagna, P. A. Amador, M. D. TI Biodiversity of Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. EM Adelaide.Rhodes@tamucc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E175 EP E175 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049501231 ER PT J AU Senner, NR Verhoeven, M Zwart, L Tibbitts, TL Gutierrez, J Abad, JM Piersma, T AF Senner, N. R. Verhoeven, M. Zwart, L. Tibbitts, T. L. Gutierrez, J. Abad, J. M. Piersma, T. TI When Siberia Comes to The Netherlands: The Response of Continental Black-tailed Godwits to Extreme Spring Weather SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. NIOZ, Yerseke, Netherlands. Univ Extremadura, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. EM n.r.senner@rug.nl NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E188 EP E188 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049501284 ER PT J AU Stabile, FS Woodman, N AF Stabile, F. S. Woodman, N. TI Functional Limb Morphology of African Myosoricine Shrews (Mammalia, Soricidae) SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Coll New Jersey, Ewing, NJ USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Pauxtent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. EM stabilf1@tcnj.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E353 EP E353 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049502474 ER PT J AU Tran, T Boughton, R Wilcoxen, T Fair, J Hofmeister, E Grindstaff, J Owen, J Fassbinder-Orth, C AF Tran, T. Boughton, R. Wilcoxen, T. Fair, J. Hofmeister, E. Grindstaff, J. Owen, J. Fassbinder-Orth, C. TI Expanding our toolbox in avian ecological immunology: effectiveness of a new anti-passerine IgY detecting antibody in wild birds SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Archbold Biol Stn, Venus, FL USA. Millikin Univ, Decatur, IL USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM carolfassbinder-orth@creighton.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E359 EP E359 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049502498 ER PT J AU Velotta, JP Schultz, ET Jue, N O'Neill, RJ Michalak, P Mccormick, SD AF Velotta, J. P. Schultz, E. T. Jue, N. O'Neill, R. J. Michalak, P. Mccormick, S. D. TI Genomic imprints of freshwater transitions in the Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM jonathan.velotta@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E215 EP E215 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049501391 ER PT S AU Coe, KK Sparks, JP Belnap, J AF Coe, Kirsten K. Sparks, Jed P. Belnap, Jayne BE Hanson, DT Rice, SK TI Physiological Ecology of Dryland Biocrust Mosses SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN BRYOPHYTES AND EARLY LAND PLANTS SE Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; DESICCATION-TOLERANT MOSS; TORTULA-RURALIS; DESERT MOSS; SYNTRICHIA-CANINERVIS; COLORADO PLATEAU; SEX EXPRESSION; MOJAVE DESERT; WATER-CONTENT; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE AB Soil biocrusts are assemblages of cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses ubiquitous to arid and semi-arid (dryland) systems that offer an array of ecosystem services. Soil crust mosses are taxonomically diverse, account for up to 30 % of crust cover, and offer large contributions to crust biogeochemical functionality, yet remain the least understood component of the community. Because of selective pressures of their growth environment, such species are highly desiccation tolerant, with the ability to withstand the loss of most cellular water for extended periods of time, during which metabolism is suspended. Biocrust mosses can also tolerate larger ranges of temperature, light, and cellular water content than mesic species, yet still remain sensitive to certain aspects of environmental alteration. For one, changes in precipitation regime are likely to heavily influence survival in dryland mosses. Rainfall, occurring as discrete periods of hydration in dryland systems, causes mosses to undergo wet-dry cycles that result in either a positive or a negative carbon balance. Carbon balance can be used as a measure of performance during individual rainfall events, and is a metric for long-term viability. Recent work suggests rainfall event magnitude plays a large role in carbon balance, as does the frequency and seasonality with which events fall. Biocrust mosses are stimulated by elevated CO2, yet may not acclimate photosynthetically to long-term enrichment. Interestingly, elevated CO2 may favor stress tolerance at the expense of growth in biocrust moss, particularly at high temperatures. Finally, despite low annual growth rates, nitrogen appears to place physiological limitations on reproductive biology of biocrust mosses. High levels of nitrogen deposition, however, have been shown to cause toxicity, competitive exclusion by vascular plants, and can reduce cyanosymbioses. C1 [Coe, Kirsten K.; Sparks, Jed P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Coe, KK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kkc32@cornell.edu NR 102 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-0233 BN 978-94-007-6988-5; 978-94-007-6987-8 J9 ADV PHOTOSYNTH RESP JI Adv. Photo. Respirat. PY 2014 VL 37 BP 291 EP 308 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_16 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BA1AX UT WOS:000332364600017 ER PT J AU Larsen, LG Harvey, JW Maglio, MM AF Larsen, Laurel G. Harvey, Judson W. Maglio, Morgan M. TI Dynamic hyporheic exchange at intermediate timescales: Testing the relative importance of evapotranspiration and flood pulses SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hyporheic zone; effective diffusion; transient storage; residence times ID TRANSIENT STORAGE MODEL; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; CONCENTRATION PROFILES; MOUNTAIN STREAM; BED FORMS; WATER; ZONE; EVERGLADES; RIVER AB Hyporheic fluxes influence ecological processes across a continuum of timescales. However, few studies have been able to characterize hyporheic fluxes and residence time distributions (RTDs) over timescales of days to years, during which evapotranspiration (ET) and seasonal flood pulses create unsteady forcing. Here we present a data-driven, particle-tracking piston model that characterizes hyporheic fluxes and RTDs based on measured vertical head differences. We used the model to test the relative influence of ET and seasonal flood pulses in the Everglades (FL, USA), in a manner applicable to other low-energy floodplains or broad, shallow streams. We found that over the multiyear timescale, flood pulses that drive relatively deep (approximate to 1 m) flow paths had the dominant influence on hyporheic fluxes and residence times but that ET effects were discernible at shorter timescales (weeks to months) as a break in RTDs. Cumulative RTDs on either side of the break were generally well represented by lognormal functions, except for when ET was strong and none of the standard distributions applied to the shorter timescale. At the monthly timescale, ET increased hyporheic fluxes by 1-2 orders of magnitude; it also decreased 6 year mean residence times by 53-87%. Long, slow flow paths driven by flood pulses increased 6 year hyporheic fluxes by another 1-2 orders of magnitude, to a level comparable to that induced over the short term by shear flow in streams. Results suggest that models of intermediate-timescale processes should include at least two-storage zones with different RTDs, and that supporting field data collection occur over 3-4 years. C1 [Larsen, Laurel G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Larsen, Laurel G.; Harvey, Judson W.; Maglio, Morgan M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Maglio, Morgan M.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Larsen, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, 507 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM laurel@berkeley.edu RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program; National Science Foundation [EAR-0636079]; National Park Service [F5284-08-0024]; South Florida Water Management District [C-10719] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program, the National Science Foundation (award EAR-0636079), the National Park Service (interagency agreement F5284-08-0024), and South Florida Water Management District (C-10719). Field and laboratory assistance were provided by Dan Nowacki and Joel Detty. We thank Jay Choi, Jim Krest, Jessica Newlin, and Steve Krupa for providing previously published data for our modeling analysis. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper benefited from the review comments of AE Steve Wondzell, as well as Ricardo Gonzalez-Pinzon, Mattia Zaramella, David Wahl, and an anonymous referee. NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 318 EP 335 DI 10.1002/2013WR014195 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AB4ZN UT WOS:000331798800023 ER PT J AU Rakovec, O Hill, MC Clark, MP Weerts, AH Teuling, AJ Uijlenhoet, R AF Rakovec, O. Hill, M. C. Clark, M. P. Weerts, A. H. Teuling, A. J. Uijlenhoet, R. TI Distributed Evaluation of Local Sensitivity Analysis ( DELSA), with application to hydrologic models SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE parameter sensitivity analysis; DELSA; Sobol'; FUSE; hydrology; multimodel ID MEASURING UNCERTAINTY IMPORTANCE; COUPLED REACTION SYSTEMS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW SYSTEM; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; INFORMATION-CONTENT; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND MODEL; INDEXES AB This paper presents a hybrid local-global sensitivity analysis method termed the Distributed Evaluation of Local Sensitivity Analysis (DELSA), which is used here to identify important and unimportant parameters and evaluate how model parameter importance changes as parameter values change. DELSA uses derivative-based local methods to obtain the distribution of parameter sensitivity across the parameter space, which promotes consideration of sensitivity analysis results in the context of simulated dynamics. This work presents DELSA, discusses how it relates to existing methods, and uses two hydrologic test cases to compare its performance with the popular global, variance-based Sobol' method. The first test case is a simple nonlinear reservoir model with two parameters. The second test case involves five alternative bucket-style hydrologic models with up to 14 parameters applied to a medium-sized catchment (200 km(2)) in the Belgian Ardennes. Results show that in both examples, Sobol' and DELSA identify similar important and unimportant parameters, with DELSA enabling more detailed insight at much lower computational cost. For example, in the real-world problem the time delay in runoff is the most important parameter in all models, but DELSA shows that for about 20% of parameter sets it is not important at all and alternative mechanisms and parameters dominate. Moreover, the time delay was identified as important in regions producing poor model fits, whereas other parameters were identified as more important in regions of the parameter space producing better model fits. The ability to understand how parameter importance varies through parameter space is critical to inform decisions about, for example, additional data collection and model development. The ability to perform such analyses with modest computational requirements provides exciting opportunities to evaluate complicated models as well as many alternative models. Key Points Sobol' and DELSA methods showed that they yield similar sensitivity results DELSA provides more information at lower calculation costs than Sobol' DELSA is recommended as effective and efficient method for parameter sensitivity C1 [Rakovec, O.; Weerts, A. H.; Teuling, A. J.; Uijlenhoet, R.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Hill, M. C.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO USA. [Clark, M. P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Weerts, A. H.] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. RP Rakovec, O (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM oldrich.rakovec@ufz.de RI Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015; Rakovec, Oldrich/N-5512-2015; OI Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625; Rakovec, Oldrich/0000-0003-2451-3305; Teuling, Adriaan/0000-0003-4302-2835; Uijlenhoet, Remko/0000-0001-7418-4445 FU Flood Control program; USGS National Research Program; National Water Quality Assessment Program; Groundwater Resources Program FX This study was done at NCAR while Olda Rakovec was visiting Martyn Clark. This work is financially supported by the Flood Control 2015 program (http://www.floodcontrol2015.nl), which is gratefully acknowledged. Mary C. Hill's involvement was supported by the USGS National Research Program, National Water Quality Assessment Program, and Groundwater Resources Program. We thank the Hydrological Service of the Walloon Region of Belgium (MET-SETHY) for providing the hydrological data, and we thank Marc Aubinet and Bernard Heinesch from The University of Liege for providing the meteorological data from the Vielsalm FLUXNET site. We also greatly appreciate the constructive comments from Hoshin V. Gupta of the University of Arizona, Tuscon; Emmanuele Borgonovo of Bocconi University, Milan; Sergei Kucherenko of Imperial College, London; Pablo Mendoza of NCAR, Boulder; two anonymous reviewers; and the Associate Editor, which certainly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 89 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 409 EP 426 DI 10.1002/2013WR014063 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AB4ZN UT WOS:000331798800028 ER PT J AU Gates, JB Steele, GV Nasta, P Szilagyi, J AF Gates, John B. Steele, Gregory V. Nasta, Paolo Szilagyi, Jozsef TI Lithologic influences on groundwater recharge through incised glacial till from profile to regional scales: Evidence from glaciated Eastern Nebraska SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE recharge; till; environmental tracers; groundwater ID BURIED-VALLEY AQUIFERS; SOIL-WATER DYNAMICS; UNSATURATED ZONE; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; TUNNEL VALLEYS; UNITED-STATES; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; HIGH-PLAINS; FLOW; MODEL AB Variability in sediment hydraulic properties associated with landscape depositional and erosional features can influence groundwater recharge processes by affecting soil-water storage and transmission. This study considers recharge to aquifers underlying river-incised glaciated terrain where the distribution of clay-rich till is largely intact in upland locations but has been removed by alluvial erosion in stream valleys. In a stream-dissected glacial region in eastern Nebraska (Great Plains region of the United States), recharge estimates were developed for nested profile, aquifer, and regional scales using unsaturated zone profile measurements (matric potentials, Cl- and H-3), groundwater tracers (CFC-12 and SF6), and a remote sensing-assisted water balance model. Results show a consistent influence of till lithology on recharge rates across nested spatial scales despite substantial uncertainty in all recharge estimation methods, suggesting that minimal diffuse recharge occurs through upland glacial till lithology whereas diffuse recharge occurs in river valleys where till is locally absent. Diffuse recharge is estimated to account for a maximum of 61% of total recharge based on comparison of diffuse recharge estimated from the unsaturated zone (0-43 mm yr(-1)) and total recharge estimated from groundwater tracers (median 58 mm yr(-1)) and water balance modeling (median 56 mm yr(-1)). The results underscore the importance of lithologic controls on the distributions of both recharge rates and mechanisms. Key Points Recharge rates sensitive to lithologic distributions Minimal diffuse recharge through glacial till-covered uplands Spatial distributions consistent across scales C1 [Gates, John B.; Nasta, Paolo] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Steele, Gregory V.] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Water Sci Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Szilagyi, Jozsef] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Hydraul & Water Resources Engn, Budapest, Hungary. [Szilagyi, Jozsef] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Gates, JB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 217 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jgates2@unl.edu OI nasta, paolo/0000-0001-9654-566X; Szilagyi, Jozsef/0000-0003-4449-0470 FU Lewis and Clark NRD; Lower Elkhorn NRD; Papio-Missouri River NRD; Lower Platte South NRD; Nemaha NRD; Nebraska Department of Natural Resources; University of Nebraska Conservation and Survey Division; U.S. Geological Survey; Eastern Nebraska Water Resources Assessment project FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Eastern Nebraska Water Resources Assessment project and its sponsoring organizations and cooperative agencies (Lewis and Clark NRD, Lower Elkhorn NRD, Papio-Missouri River NRD, Lower Platte North NRD, Lower Platte South NRD, Nemaha NRD, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska Conservation and Survey Division, and U.S. Geological Survey). Valuable suggestions and field contributions were provided by Dana Divine and Karen Griffin. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 99 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 466 EP 481 DI 10.1002/2013WR014073 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AB4ZN UT WOS:000331798800032 ER PT J AU Boves, TJ Buehler, DA Wood, PB Rodewald, AD Larkin, JL Keyser, PD Ben Wigley, T AF Boves, Than J. Buehler, David A. Wood, Petra B. Rodewald, Amanda D. Larkin, Jeffrey L. Keyser, Patrick D. Ben Wigley, T. TI 10.1642/AUK-13-191.1 SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Cerulean Warbler; delayed plumage maturation; honest signaling; melanin; Setophaga cerulea; structural coloration; tail white ID DELAYED PLUMAGE MATURATION; BLUEBIRDS SIALIA-SIALIS; MALE PARENTAL CARE; STRUCTURAL COLORATION; AGE; BIRDS; SIGNALS; INVESTMENT; ORNAMENTS; QUALITY AB Colorful plumage traits in birds may convey multiple, redundant, or unreliable messages about an individual. Plumage may reliably convey information about disparate qualities such as age, condition, and parental ability because discrete tracts of feathers may cause individuals to incur different intrinsic or extrinsic costs. Few studies have examined the information content of plumage in a species that inhabits forest canopies, a habitat with unique light environments and selective pressures. We investigated the information content of four plumage patches (blue-green crown and rump, tail white, and black breast band) in a canopy-dwelling species, the Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea), in relation to age, condition, provisioning, and reproduction. We found that older males displayed wider breast bands, greater tail white, and crown and rump feathers with greater blue-green (435-534 nm) chroma and hue than males in their first potential breeding season. In turn, older birds were in better condition (short and long term) and were reproductively superior to younger birds. We propose that these age-related plumage differences (i.e. delayed plumage maturation) were not a consequence of a life history strategy but instead resulted from constraints during early feather molts. Within age classes, we found evidence to support the multiple messages hypothesis. Birds with greater tail white molted tails in faster, those with more exaggerated rump plumage (lower hue, greater blue-green chroma) provisioned more, and those with lower rump blue-green chroma were in better condition. Despite evidence of reliable signaling in this species, we found no strong relationships between plumage and reproductive performance, potentially because factors other than individual differences more strongly influenced fecundity. C1 [Boves, Than J.; Buehler, David A.; Keyser, Patrick D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Boves, Than J.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Jonesboro, AR USA. [Wood, Petra B.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Rodewald, Amanda D.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Larkin, Jeffrey L.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Ben Wigley, T.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Clemson, SC USA. RP Boves, TJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tboves@astate.edu RI Rodewald, Amanda/I-6308-2016 OI Rodewald, Amanda/0000-0002-6719-6306 FU Department of Forestry, Wildlife; Fisheries at the University of Tennessee, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2005-0064-000, 2006-0042-000, 2007-0004-000, 2008-0009-000]; Nature Conservancy FX We thank the many hardworking field assistants who made this research successful, particularly N. E. Boves, P. C. Massey, D. Raybuck, and A. Langevin. We thank D. A. Buckley, T. M. Freeberg, L. M. Siefferman, M. W. Butler, and three anonymous reviewers for critical reviews of the manuscript. This research was funded and supported by the Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries at the University of Tennessee, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grant nos. 2005-0064-000, 2006-0042-000, 2007-0004-000, and 2008-0009-000), and the Nature Conservancy (through a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat Conservation Plan planning grant with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency). Banding was conducted under U.S. Geological Survey permit no. 22585. This study was completed under the auspices of an IACUC protocol from the University of Tennessee (no. 561). Use of tradenames does not imply endorsement by the Federal Government. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2014 VL 131 IS 1 BP 20 EP 31 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AD7ZU UT WOS:000333487100004 ER PT J AU De la Cruz, SEW Eadie, JM Miles, AK Yee, J Spragens, KA Palm, EC Takekawa, JY AF De la Cruz, Susan E. W. Eadie, John M. Miles, A. Keith Yee, Julie Spragens, Kyle A. Palm, Eric C. Takekawa, John Y. TI Resource selection and space use by sea ducks during the non-breeding season: Implications for habitat conservation planning in urbanized estuaries SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Surf scoter; Melanitta perspicillata; Conservation planning; San Francisco Bay; Urban estuaries ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; WHITE-WINGED SCOTERS; SURF SCOTERS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; HOME-RANGE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; MELANITTA-PERSPICILLATA AB Wide-ranging marine birds rely on multiple habitats for wintering, breeding, and migrating, and their conservation may be dependent on protecting networks of key areas. Urbanized estuaries are critical wintering and stopover areas for many declining sea ducks in North America; however, conservation measures within estuaries are difficult to establish given lack of knowledge about habitat use by these species and the variety of competing human interests. We applied hierarchical modeling to evaluate resource selection of sea ducks (surf scoters, Melanitta perspicillata) wintering in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, a large and highly urbanized estuary. We also examined their distribution, home range, and movements with respect to key habitat features and regions within the estuary. Herring roe was the strongest predictor of bird locations; however, eelgrass, water depth and salinity were also highly-ranked, with sea ducks using deeper areas of higher salinity associated with herring roe and eelgrass presence during mid-winter. Sea ducks were also strongly associated with ferry routes, suggesting these areas may contain resources that are too important to avoid and emphasizing the need to better understand water traffic effects. Movements and home range size differed between males and females in early winter but became more similar in late winter. Birds traveled farther and used several sub-bays in early winter compared to mid-winter when herring roe availability peaked in the Central Bay. Our findings identified key environmental variables, highlighted core use areas, and documented critical periods for consideration when developing conservation plans for sea ducks in urbanized estuaries. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [De la Cruz, Susan E. W.; Spragens, Kyle A.; Palm, Eric C.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 94515 USA. [Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 94515 USA. [Yee, Julie] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP De la Cruz, SEW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM sdelacruz@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; NFWF Spirit of Conservation Migratory Bird Program [2010-0052-002]; CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center under the Coastal Ecosystems and Land-Sea Interface Programs, NFWF Spirit of Conservation Migratory Bird Program Grant (#2010-0052-002), and the CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program. We thank M. Wilson, L. Terrazas, D. Gaube, J. Shinn, A. Schultz, J. Anhalt, S. Muzaffar, C. Kereki, J. Chastant, H. Goyert, L Naylor, J. Wasley, J. Seyfried, P. Gibbons, M. Nagendran, C. Scott, P. Tucker, C. Salido, for their assistance with field work, radio-marking, and analysis. We appreciate the assistance of P. Coates and three anonymous reviewers, whose comments helped to greatly improve the manuscript. All capture, handling, and marking of scoters was carried out under the guidance of the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center's Animal Care and Use Committee with permits from California Department of Fish and Wildlife (SCP #003855), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (MB #102896), and U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory (Banding and Auxiliary Marking Authority Permit #22911). The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 109 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 169 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.021 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD9GX UT WOS:000333574400009 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE Yackulic, CB Freilich, J Agha, M Austin, M Meyer, KP Arundel, TR Hansen, J Vamstad, MS Root, SA AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. Yackulic, Charles B. Freilich, Jerry Agha, Mickey Austin, Meaghan Meyer, Katherine P. Arundel, Terence R. Hansen, Jered Vamstad, Michael S. Root, Stephanie A. TI Climatic variation and tortoise survival: Has a desert species met its match? SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Survivorship; Climate change; Sonoran Desert; Predation; Physiological stress; Geographic range loss ID TERM ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; NORTH-AMERICAN TORTOISES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL MOJAVE DESERT; LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; SONORAN DESERT; SUBSIDIZED PREDATORS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; WINTER ANNUALS AB While demographic changes in short-lived species may be observed relatively quickly in response to climate changes, measuring population responses of long-lived species requires long-term studies that are not always available. We analyzed data from a population of threatened Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at a 2.59 km(2) study plot in the Sonoran Desert ecosystem of Joshua Tree National Park, California, USA from 1978 to 2012 to examine variation in apparent survival and demography in this long-lived species. Transect-based, mark-recapture surveys were conducted in 10 of those years to locate living and dead tortoises. Previous modeling suggested that this area would become unsuitable as tortoise habitat under a warming and drying climate scenario. Estimated adult population size declined greatly from 1996 to 2012. The population appeared to have high apparent survival from 1978 to 1996 but apparent survival decreased from 1997 to 2002, concurrent with persistent drought. The best model relating apparent survivorship of tortoises >= 18 cm over time was based on a three year moving average of estimated winter precipitation. The postures and positions of a majority of dead tortoises found in 2012 were consistent with death by dehydration and starvation. Some live and many dead tortoises found in 2012 showed signs of predation or scavenging by mammalian carnivores. Coyote (Canis latrans) scats and other evidence from the site confirmed their role as tortoise predators and scavengers. Predation rates may be exacerbated by drought if carnivores switch from preferred mammalian prey to tortoises during dry years. Climate modeling suggests that the region will be subjected to even longer duration droughts in the future and that the plot may become unsuitable for continued tortoise survival. Our results showing wide fluctuations in apparent survival and decreasing tortoise density over time may be early signals of that possible outcome. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Yackulic, Charles B.; Agha, Mickey; Austin, Meaghan; Arundel, Terence R.; Hansen, Jered] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Freilich, Jerry] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Vamstad, Michael S.; Root, Stephanie A.] Natl Pk Serv, Twentynine Palms, CA 92277 USA. [Agha, Mickey] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestty, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr,MS-9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov; cyackulic@usgs.gov; jerry_freilich@nps.gov; mickey.agha@uky.edu; meaghan.liszewski@gmail.com; dirtgirl@me.com; tarundel@usgs.gov; jrhansen@usgs.gov; michael-vamstad@nps.gov; stephanie_root@nps.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831; Agha, Mickey/0000-0003-0961-8344 FU Sonoran Desert Rapid Ecological Assessment program to better understand the role of climate and tortoise ecology in the region FX We appreciate Karl Ford (retired) and Elroy Masters of the Bureau of Land Management for supporting this research with funding from the Sonoran Desert Rapid Ecological Assessment program to better understand the role of climate and tortoise ecology in the region. Special thanks to Victoria Beckley, Charles Drost and Russ Scofield for their support of our project. Research was conducted with permits from Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR-2012-SCI-0019), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (TE-198910-1) and the California Department of Fish and Game (SC-1639). We thank Al Muth for providing accommodations and stimulating discussions at the Philip L Boyd Deep Canyon Research Center of the University of California, Riverside during our field work. We are grateful to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Northern Arizona University for reviewing and approving our research procedures. Manuscript development benefitted greatly from discussions with Phil Cafaro and Julie Lockwood. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 103 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 13 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 169 BP 214 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.09.027 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD9GX UT WOS:000333574400025 ER PT J AU Bettigole, CA Donovan, TM Manning, R Austin, J AF Bettigole, Charles A. Donovan, Therese M. Manning, Robert Austin, John TI Normative standards for land use in Vermont: Implications for biodiversity SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Land use change modeling; Conservation planning; Surveys; Normative standards; Model selection; Habitat loss ID OPEN SPACE; QUALITY AB The conversion of natural lands to developed uses poses a great threat to global terrestrial biodiversity. Natural resource managers, tasked with managing wildlife as a public trust, require techniques for predicting how much and where wildlife habitat is likely to be converted in the future. Here, we develop a methodology to estimate the "social carrying capacity for development" - SKd - for 251 towns across the state of Vermont, USA. SKd represents town residents' minimum acceptable human population size and level of development within town boundaries. To estimate SKd across towns within the state of Vermont (USA), as well as the average state-wide SKd, we administered a visual preference survey (n = 1505 responses) to Vermont residents, and asked respondents to rate alternative landuse scenarios in a fictional Vermont town on a scale of +4 (highly acceptable) to -4 (highly unacceptable). We additionally collected demographic data such as age and income, as well as ancillary information such as participation in town-planning meetings and location of residence. We used model selection and AIC to fit a cubic function to the response data, allowing us to estimate SKd at a town scale based on town demographic characteristics. On average, Vermonters had a SKd of 9.1% development on the landscape; this estimate is 68% higher than year 2000 levels for development (5.4%). Respondents indicated that management action to curb development was appropriate at 9.4% development (roughly the statewide SKd average). Management by local, regional, and state levels were considered acceptable for curbing development while federal level management of development was considered unacceptable. Given a scenario where development levels were at SKd, we predicted a 16,753 km(2) reduction in forested land (-11.16%) and a 1038 km(2) reduction in farmland (-60.45%). Such changes would dramatically alter biodiversity patterns state-wide. In a companion paper, we estimate how these changes would affect the distribution of wildlife species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bettigole, Charles A.] Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Aiken Ctr 302, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Manning, Robert] Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Austin, John] Vermont Dept Fish & Wildlife, Barre, VT 05641 USA. RP Donovan, TM (reprint author), Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Aiken Ctr 302, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM cbettigole@middlebury.edu; tdonovan@uvm.edu; robert.maaning@uvm.edu; JohnM.Austin@state.vt.us FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative (U.S.D.A.); U.S. Geological Survey, University of Vermont, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank A. Troy, R. Mickey, J. Hilke, D. Walker, members of VTCFWRU, and T. DeSisto for their help in designing survey methodology. Special thanks to M. Bettigole and Bettigole family, C. Littlefield, B.H. Condit, A.A. Fuller, S.S. Taylor, and C.E. Ahern. This project was supported by a grant from the Northeastern States Research Cooperative (U.S.D.A.). Use of trade names or products do not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Vermont, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Wildlife Management Institute. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 169 BP 392 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.009 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD9GX UT WOS:000333574400043 ER PT J AU Bettigole, CA Donovan, TM Manning, R Austin, J Long, R AF Bettigole, Charles A. Donovan, Therese M. Manning, Robert Austin, John Long, Robert TI Acceptability of residential development in a regional landscape: Potential effects on wildlife occupancy patterns SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Land use change modeling; Occupancy modeling; Model selection; Mammalian carnivore conservation; Conservation planning; Ursus americanus; Lynx rufus; Martes pennanti ID BLACK BEAR HABITAT; LAND-USE; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION; FOREST; EXTINCTION; FRAMEWORK; GROWTH; USA AB The conversion of natural lands to developed uses may pose the single greatest human threat to global terrestrial biodiversity. Continued human growth and development over the next century will further exacerbate these effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Natural resource managers are tasked with managing wildlife as a public trust, yet often have little say in land use decisions. Generally speaking, decision makers could benefit from an understanding of what different regulations mean in terms of wildlife distribution. In a previous paper (Bettigole et al., 2013), we surveyed town residents throughout Vermont to measure how respondents feel about a range of development levels within their town boundaries. We estimated the "social carrying capacity for development" - or SKd - for 251 towns in Vermont. SKd provides an estimate of the level of developed land cover classes that town residents deem "acceptable" within their town boundaries. In this paper, we design a framework for linking the town-specific SKd estimates with the wildlife distribution patterns for three wide-ranging mammalian species: American black bear (Ursus americanus), fisher (Martes pennant, and bobcat (Lynx rufus). We simulated landscape conditions at SKd for each town in Vermont, and then used existing occupancy models for the three target species to spatially map and compare occupancy rates in the baseline year 2000 with occupancy rates at SKd. With nearly 90% of Vermont towns willing to increase developed landcover classes within town boundaries compared to baseline levels, significant state-wide changes in occupancy rates were predicted for all three focal species. Average occupancy rates declined by -15.9% and -3.1% for black bear and bobcats, respectively. Average occupancy rates for fisher increased by 9.0%. This study provides a method for linking development standards within a town with wildlife occurrence. Across towns, the methodology spatially identifies areas that may be at risk of future development, as well as identifying areas where wildlife distribution patterns may face future change as a result of increased human population growth and development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bettigole, Charles A.] Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr 302, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Manning, Robert] Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Austin, John] Vermont Dept Fish & Wildlife, Barre, VT 05641 USA. [Long, Robert] Woodland Pk Zoo, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Donovan, TM (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr 302, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM cbettigole@middlebury.edu; tdonovan@uvm.edu; robert.manning@uvm.edu; JohnM.Austin@state.vt.us; robert.long@zoo.org FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative (U.S.D.A.); US Geological Survey, University of Vermont, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank A. Troy, R. Mickey, J. Hilke, D. Walker, members of the Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and T. DeSisto for their help in designing survey methodology. Four anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. Special thanks to M. Bettigole and Bettigole family, C. Littlefield, B.H. Condit, A.A. Fuller, S.S. Taylor, and C.E. Ahern. This project was supported by a grant from the Northeastern States Research Cooperative (U.S.D.A.). Use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the US Geological Survey, University of Vermont, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Wildlife Management Institute. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 169 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.029 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD9GX UT WOS:000333574400044 ER PT J AU Almanaseer, N Sankarasubramanian, A Bales, J AF Almanaseer, Naser Sankarasubramanian, A. Bales, Jerad TI Improving Groundwater Predictions Utilizing Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts from General Circulation Models Forced with Sea Surface Temperature Forecasts SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Groundwater management; Water levels; Climates; Stochastic models; Predictions; Groundwater; Forecasts; Hydroclimatology; Climate ID SOUTHEAST UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER; VARIABILITY; STREAMFLOW; BASIN; FLOW; DISAGGREGATION; CALIFORNIA; HYDROLOGY AB Recent studies have found a significant association between climatic variability and basin hydroclimatology, particularly groundwater levels, over the southeast United States. The research reported in this paper evaluates the potential in developing 6-month-ahead groundwater-level forecasts based on the precipitation forecasts from ECHAM 4.5 General Circulation Model Forced with Sea Surface Temperature forecasts. Ten groundwater wells and nine streamgauges from the USGS Groundwater Climate Response Network and Hydro-Climatic Data Network were selected to represent groundwater and surface water flows, respectively, having minimal anthropogenic influences within the Flint River Basin in Georgia, United States. The writers employ two low-dimensional models [principle component regression (PCR) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA)] for predicting groundwater and streamflow at both seasonal and monthly timescales. Three modeling schemes are considered at the beginning of January to predict winter (January, February, and March) and spring (April, May, and June) streamflow and groundwater for the selected sites within the Flint River Basin. The first scheme (model 1) is a null model and is developed using PCR for every streamflow and groundwater site using previous 3-month observations (October, November, and December) available at that particular site as predictors. Modeling schemes 2 and 3 are developed using PCR and CCA, respectively, to evaluate the role of precipitation forecasts in improving monthly and seasonal groundwater predictions. Modeling scheme 3, which employs a CCA approach, is developed for each site by considering observed groundwater levels from nearby sites as predictands. The performance of these three schemes is evaluated using two metrics (correlation coefficient and relative RMS error) by developing groundwater-level forecasts based on leave-five-out cross-validation. Results from the research reported in this paper show that using precipitation forecasts in climate models improves the ability to predict the interannual variability of winter and spring streamflow and groundwater levels over the basin. However, significant conditional bias exists in all the three modeling schemes, which indicates the need to consider improved modeling schemes as well as the availability of longer time-series of observed hydroclimatic information over the basin. C1 [Almanaseer, Naser] Al Balqa Appl Univ, Dept Water Resources & Environm Management, Al Salt 19117, Jordan. [Sankarasubramanian, A.] N Carolina State Univ, Civil Construct & Environm Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bales, Jerad] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sankarasubramanian, A (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Civil Construct & Environm Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sankar_arumugam@ncsu.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000776 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AD7OL UT WOS:000333453400009 ER PT J AU Asquith, WH AF Asquith, William H. TI Regression Models of Discharge and Mean Velocity Associated with Near-Median Streamflow Conditions in Texas: Utility of the US Geological Survey Discharge Measurement Database SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Streamflow; Discharge measurement; Velocity; Hydraulic properties; Base flow; Regional analysis; Texas; U; S; Geological Survey; Streamflow; Streamgauge; Discharge measurement; Mean velocity; Hydraulic attributes; Median streamflow; Baseflow; Regional analysis; Regression; Texas ID FLOW-DURATION CURVES; NORTHWEST; INTERVALS AB A database containing more than 16,300 discharge values and ancillary hydraulic attributes was assembled from summaries of discharge measurement records for 391 USGS streamflow-gauging stations (streamgauges) in Texas. Each discharge is between the 40th- and 60th-percentile daily mean streamflow as determined by period-of-record, streamgauge-specific, flow-duration curves. Each discharge therefore is assumed to represent a discharge measurement made for near-median streamflow conditions, and such conditions are conceptualized as representative of midrange to baseflow conditions in much of the state. The hydraulic attributes of each discharge measurement included concomitant cross-section flow area, water-surface top width, and reported mean velocity. Two regression equations are presented: (1)an expression for discharge and (2)an expression for mean velocity, both as functions of selected hydraulic attributes and watershed characteristics. Specifically, the discharge equation uses cross-sectional area, water-surface top width, contributing drainage area of the watershed, and mean annual precipitation of the location; the equation has an adjusted R-squared of approximately 0.95 and residual standard error of approximately 0.23 base-10 logarithm (cubic meters per second). The mean velocity equation uses discharge, water-surface top width, contributing drainage area, and mean annual precipitation; the equation has an adjusted R-squared of approximately 0.50 and residual standard error of approximately 0.087 third root (meters per second). Residual plots from both equations indicate that reliable estimates of discharge and mean velocity at ungauged stream sites are possible. Further, the relation between contributing drainage area and main-channel slope (a measure of whole-watershed slope) is depicted to aid analyst judgment of equation applicability for ungauged sites. Example applications and computations are provided and discussed within a real-world, discharge-measurement scenario, and an illustration of the development of a preliminary stage-discharge relation using the discharge equation is given. C1 Texas Tech Univ, USGS, Lubbock Field Off, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Asquith, WH (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, USGS, Lubbock Field Off, Sci Bldg MS 1053,2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM wasquith@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 BP 108 EP 122 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000715 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AD7OL UT WOS:000333453400011 ER PT J AU Ryberg, KR Lin, W Vecchia, AV AF Ryberg, Karen R. Lin, Wei Vecchia, Aldo V. TI Impact of Climate Variability on Runoff in the North-Central United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Evapotranspiration; Land use; Precipitation; Regional analysis; Streamflow; Surface water; Water balance; Water resources; United States; Runoff; Climatic changes; Evapotranspiration; Land use; Precipitation; Regional analysis; Streamflow; Surface water; Water balance; Water resources ID LAND-USE; GREAT-PLAINS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PRECIPITATION; STREAMFLOW; TRENDS; INCREASE; PACIFIC AB Large changes in runoff in the north-central United States have occurred during the past century, with larger floods and increases in runoff tending to occur from the 1970s to the present. The attribution of these changes is a subject of much interest. Long-term precipitation, temperature, and streamflow records were used to compare changes in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) to changes in runoff within 25 stream basins. The basins studied were organized into four groups, each one representing basins similar in topography, climate, and historic patterns of runoff. Precipitation, PET, and runoff data were adjusted for near-decadal scale variability to examine longer-term changes. A nonlinear water-balance analysis shows that changes in precipitation and PET explain the majority of multidecadal spatial/temporal variability of runoff and flood magnitudes, with precipitation being the dominant driver. Historical changes in climate and runoff in the region appear to be more consistent with complex transient shifts in seasonal climatic conditions than with gradual climate change. A portion of the unexplained variability likely stems from land-use change. C1 [Ryberg, Karen R.; Vecchia, Aldo V.] US Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Lin, Wei] N Dakota State Univ, Dept 2470, Fargo, ND 58018 USA. RP Ryberg, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 821 E Interstate Ave, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. EM kryberg@usgs.gov; wei.lin@ndsu.edu; avvecchia@usgs.gov RI Ryberg, Karen/E-1871-2016 OI Ryberg, Karen/0000-0002-9834-2046 FU U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program FX The U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program funded this work. Kevin Baker, USGS, performed the precipitation and temperature calculations in GIS to determine precipitation and temperature time series for individual basins. Robert Hirsch and Greg McCabe of the USGS and two anonymous referees provided valuable reviews. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 22 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 BP 148 EP 158 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000775 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AD7OL UT WOS:000333453400015 ER PT J AU Frohlich, C Ellsworth, W Brown, WA Brunt, M Luetgert, J MacDonald, T Walter, S AF Frohlich, Cliff Ellsworth, William Brown, Wesley A. Brunt, Michael Luetgert, Jim MacDonald, Tim Walter, Steve TI The 17 May 2012M4.8 earthquake near Timpson, East Texas: An event possibly triggered by fluid injection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE induced earthquakes; seismic hazard ID MOTION PREDICTION EQUATIONS; GROUND-MOTION; DENVER EARTHQUAKES; NORTH-AMERICA; 2-YEAR SURVEY; SEQUENCE; SHALE AB This study summarizes our investigation of the 17 May 2012 M(W-RMT)4.8 earthquake near Timpson, Texas, the largest earthquake recorded historically in eastern Texas. To identify preshocks and aftershocks of the 17 May event we examined the arrivals recorded at Nacogdoches (NATX) 30km from the 17 May epicenter, at nearby USArray Transportable Array stations, and at eight temporary stations deployed between 26 May 2012 and mid-2013. At NATX we identified seven preshocks, the earliest occurring in April 2008. Reliably located aftershocks recorded by the temporary stations lie along a 6km long NW-SE linear trend corresponding to a previously mapped basement fault that extends across the highest-intensity (MMI VII) region of the 17 May main shock. Earthquakes in this sequence are relatively shallowwith focal depths ranging from 1.6 to 4.6km. Evidence supporting these depths include: hypocentral locations of exceptionally well-recorded aftershocks, S-P intervals at the nearest stations, and comparisons of synthetics and observed seismograms. Within 3km of the linear trend of aftershock activity there are two Class II injection disposal wells injecting at 1.9km depth beginning in August 2006 and February 2007, with injection rates averaging 42,750m(3)/mo and 15,600m(3)/mo, respectively. Several observations support the hypothesis that fluid injection triggered the Timpson sequence: well-located epicenters are situated near a mapped basement fault and near high-volume injection wells, focal depths are at or below the depths of injection, and the earliest preshock (April 2008) occurred after the onset of injection in 2006. Key Points The 17 May 2012 earthquake is the largest recorded historically in east Texas Its best-located aftershocks lay along a plane and had depths of 1.6-4.6 km Fluid injection at nearby disposal wells probably triggered these earthquakes C1 [Ellsworth, William; Luetgert, Jim; MacDonald, Tim; Walter, Steve] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Brown, Wesley A.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Geol, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Brunt, Michael] Eagle Pass High Sch, Eagle Pass, TX USA. RP Frohlich, C (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM cliff@ig.utexas.edu RI Frohlich, Cliff/A-8573-2008 FU USGS, Department of the Interior [G12AP20001, G13AP00023]; Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (RPSEA) [11122-27]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory FX We are indebted to the property owners who graciously allowed us to install and operate seismographs on private property. We thank David Wald and Vince Quitoriano, who provided did-you-feel-it (DYFI) information for constraining the MMI III and MMI IV intensity areas, allowing us to focus our field studies in the higher-intensity areas. We thank Julia Gale and Martin Jackson for providing valuable information about regional geology and Wayne Pennington, Art McGarr, Andrea Llenos, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. This research was partially supported by the USGS, Department of the Interior, under USGS award G12AP20001 and G13AP00023; and by Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (RPSEA) subcontract 11122-27 through the "Ultra-Deepwater and Unconventional Natural Gas and Other Petroleum Resources" program authorized by the U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005. RPSEA (www.rpsea.org) is a non-profit corporation whose mission is to provide a stewardship role in ensuring the focused research, development, and deployment of safe and environmentally responsible technology that can effectively deliver hydrocarbons from domestic resources to the citizens of the United States. RPSEA, operating as a consortium of premier U. S. energy research universities, industry, and independent research organizations, manages the program under a contract with the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 581 EP 593 DI 10.1002/2013JB010755 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AD1ZY UT WOS:000333033400035 ER PT J AU Kanevskiy, M Jorgenson, T Shur, Y O'Donnell, JA Harden, JW Zhuang, QL Fortier, D AF Kanevskiy, Mikhail Jorgenson, Torre Shur, Yuri O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Harden, Jennifer W. Zhuang, Qianlai Fortier, Daniel TI Cryostratigraphy and Permafrost Evolution in the Lacustrine Lowlands of West- Central Alaska SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE permafrost; ground ice; thermokarst; Alaska; cryostratigraphy; Quaternary sediments ID LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; EASTERN BERINGIA; CANADA; PLEISTOCENE; ORIGIN; PEATLANDS; LANDSCAPE; PALISADES; DYNAMICS; SITE AB The influence of permafrost growth and thaw on the evolution of ice-rich lowland terrain in the Koyukuk-Innoko region of interior Alaska is fundamental but poorly understood. To elucidate this influence, the cryostratigraphy and properties of perennially frozen sediments from three areas in this region are described and interpreted in terms of permafrost history. The upper part of the late Quaternary sediments at the Koyukuk and Innoko Flats comprise frozen organic soils up to 4.5 m thick underlain by ice-rich silt characterised by layered and reticulate cryostructures. The volume of visible segregated ice in silt locally reaches 50 per cent, with ice lenses up to 10 cm thick. A conceptual model of terrain evolution from the Late Pleistocene to the present day identifies four stages of yedoma degradation and five stages of subsequent permafrost aggradation-degradation: (1) partial thawing of the upper ice wedges and the formation of small shallow ponds in the troughs above the wedges; (2) formation of shallow thermokarst lakes above the polygons; (3) deepening of thermokarst lakes and yedoma degradation beneath the lakes; (4) complete thawing of yedoma beneath the lakes; (5) lake drainage; (6) peat accumulation; (7) permafrost aggradation in drained lake basins; (8) formation of permafrost plateaus; and (9) formation and expansion of a new generation of thermokarst features. These stages can occur in differing places and times, creating a highly complex mosaic of terrain conditions, complicating predictions of landscape response to future climatic changes or human impact. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kanevskiy, Mikhail; Jorgenson, Torre; Shur, Yuri; Fortier, Daniel] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jorgenson, Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fortier, Daniel] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Kanevskiy, M (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, 237 Duckering Bldg,POB 755910, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mkanevskiy@alaska.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0630249, EAR-0630319, EAR-0630257, ARC-0454939, ARC-0454985, ARC-1023623, ARC-1107798] FX Permafrost studies in the Koyukuk-Innoko area were supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants EAR-0630249, EAR-0630319 and EAR-0630257. Studies of yedoma in Alaska were partly supported by NSF grants ARC-0454939, ARC-0454985, ARC-1023623 and ARC-1107798. We thank Trish Miller, Alaska Biological Research (ABR, Inc.), and Kim Wickland, USGS, for participating in the fieldwork, Pedro Rodriguez-Mendez, USGS, for the processing of soil samples, and Jim Webster, Webster Flying Service, for logistical support. Valuable reviews and suggestions by Julian Murton, Michael Fritz and Duane Froese are greatly appreciated. NR 81 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1045-6740 EI 1099-1530 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 BP 14 EP 34 DI 10.1002/ppp.1800 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AD1VX UT WOS:000333022900002 ER PT J AU Welch, AJ Bedoya-Reina, OC Carretero-Paulet, L Miller, W Rode, KD Lindqvist, C AF Welch, Andreanna J. Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C. Carretero-Paulet, Lorenzo Miller, Webb Rode, Karyn D. Lindqvist, Charlotte TI Polar Bears Exhibit Genome-Wide Signatures of Bioenergetic Adaptation to Life in the Arctic Environment SO GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE cellular respiration; mitochondrial genome; nitric oxide; nuclear genome; oxidative phosphorylation ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; AMINO-ACID SITES; DETECTING MOLECULAR ADAPTATION; RESPIRATORY COMPLEX I; AMERICAN BROWN BEARS; NITRIC-OXIDE; POSITIVE SELECTION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) face extremely cold temperatures and periods of fasting, which might result in more severe energetic challenges than those experienced by their sister species, the brown bear (U. arctos). We have examined the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of polar and brown bears to investigate whether polar bears demonstrate lineage-specific signals of molecular adaptation in genes associated with cellular respiration/energy production. We observed increased evolutionary rates in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene in polar but not brown bears. An amino acid substitution occurred near the interaction site with a nuclear-encoded subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex and was predicted to lead to a functional change, although the significance of this remains unclear. The nuclear genomes of brown and polar bears demonstrate different adaptations related to cellular respiration. Analyses of the genomes of brown bears exhibited substitutions that may alter the function of proteins that regulate glucose uptake, which could be beneficial when feeding on carbohydrate-dominated diets during hyperphagia, followed by fasting during hibernation. In polar bears, genes demonstrating signatures of functional divergence and those potentially under positive selection were enriched in functions related to production of nitric oxide (NO), which can regulate energy production in several different ways. This suggests that polar bears may be able to fine-tune intracellular levels of NO as an adaptive response to control trade-offs between energy production in the form of adenosine triphosphate versus generation of heat (thermogenesis). C1 [Welch, Andreanna J.; Carretero-Paulet, Lorenzo; Lindqvist, Charlotte] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C.; Miller, Webb] Penn State Univ, Ctr Comparat Genom & Bioinformat, State Coll, PA USA. [Rode, Karyn D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Welch, AJ (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham, England. EM andreanna05@gmail.com; cl243@buffalo.edu FU College of Arts and Sciences; State University of New York at Buffalo; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [0801.12.032677] FX This work was supported by the College of Arts and Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grant #0801.12.032677) to C.L. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the US government. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 111 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 27 U2 177 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1759-6653 J9 GENOME BIOL EVOL JI Genome Biol. Evol. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 2 BP 433 EP 450 DI 10.1093/gbe/evu025 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AC7VZ UT WOS:000332742300016 PM 24504087 ER PT J AU Prouty, NG Roark, EB Koenig, AE Demopoulos, AWJ Batista, FC Kocar, BD Selby, D McCarthy, MD Mienis, F AF Prouty, Nancy G. Roark, E. Brendan Koenig, Alan E. Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Batista, Fabian C. Kocar, Benjamin D. Selby, David McCarthy, Matthew D. Mienis, Furu TI Deep-sea coral record of humanimpact on watershed quality in the Mississippi River Basin SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE deep-sea coral; nitrogen isotopes; land-use change; nutrients; Gulf of Mexico; trace metal ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NITROGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; GORGONIAN CORALS; ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; VIOSCA KNOLL; AMINO-ACIDS; RHENIUM; CARBON AB One of the greatest drivers of historical nutrient and sediment transport into the Gulf of Mexico is the unprecedented scale and intensity of land use change in the Mississippi River Basin. These landscape changes are linked to enhanced fluxes of carbon and nitrogen pollution from the Mississippi River, and persistent eutrophication and hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Increased terrestrial runoff is one hypothesis for recent enrichment in bulk nitrogen isotope (N-15) values, a tracer for nutrient source, observed in a Gulf of Mexico deep-sea coral record. However, unambiguously linking anthropogenic land use change to whole scale shifts in downstream Gulf of Mexico biogeochemical cycles is difficult. Here we present a novel approach, coupling a new tracer of agro-industrialization to a multiproxy record of nutrient loading in long-lived deep-sea corals collected in the Gulf of Mexico. We found that coral bulk N-15 values are enriched over the last 150-200 years relative to the last millennia, and compound-specific amino acid N-15 data indicate a strong increase in baseline N-15 of nitrate as the primary cause. Coral rhenium (Re) values are also strongly elevated during this period, suggesting that 34% of Re is of anthropogenic origin, consistent with Re enrichment in major world rivers. However, there are no pre-anthropogenic measurements of Re to confirm this observation. For the first time, an unprecedented record of natural and anthropogenic Re variability is documented through coral Re records. Taken together, these novel proxies link upstream changes in water quality to impacts on the deep-sea coral ecosystem. Key Points Multi-proxy record of nutrient loading in long-lived deep-sea corals Bulk and compound-specific isotopes capture changes in watershed quality Novel approach to coupled tracer of agro-industrialization and land-use changee C1 [Prouty, Nancy G.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Roark, E. Brendan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA. [Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL USA. [Batista, Fabian C.; McCarthy, Matthew D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kocar, Benjamin D.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Selby, David] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, England. [Mienis, Furu] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Texel, Netherlands. RP Prouty, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM nprouty@usgs.gov RI Roark, Erin/D-4124-2013; Mienis, Furu/L-1934-2015 OI Roark, Erin/0000-0002-1742-9642; Mienis, Furu/0000-0002-7370-0652 FU Norman Hackerman Advanced Research Program; USGS Terrestrial, Marine, and Freshwater Environments-Outer Continental Shelf Ecosystem Program; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX The USGS Terrestrial, Marine, and Freshwater Environments-Outer Continental Shelf Ecosystem Program and USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and a grant to EBR from The Norman Hackerman Advanced Research Program supported this work. We thank P. Lamothe, R. Wolf, and T. Todorov (USGS) for assistance with trace metal analysis, and J. McClain-Counts (USGS), M. Sutor (LSU), and J. Rooker (Texas A&M) for providing sediment, POM, and algae samples, B. Williams (Claremont) for archived sample identification, J. Kirk for providing preliminary coal data, S. Ross (UNC-Wilmington), K. Sulak (USGS), and S. Cairns (Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History) for donating samples, D. Opresko for species identification of samples, and P. Swarzenski and M. Foley (USGS) for helpful discussion. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1002/2013GB004754 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD1DA UT WOS:000332972800003 ER PT J AU Ensign, SH Noe, GB Hupp, CR AF Ensign, Scott H. Noe, Gregory B. Hupp, Cliff R. TI Linking channel hydrology with riparian wetland accretion in tidal rivers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE tidal freshwater river; tidal freshwater wetland; tidal freshwater forested wetland; tidal freshwater marsh; sediment accretion; tidal morphodynamics ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; DOPPLER-CURRENT-PROFILER; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SUSPENDED MATTER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTH-CAROLINA; ESTUARY; WATER; USA AB The hydrologic processes by which tide affects river channel and riparian morphology within the tidal freshwater zone are poorly understood yet are fundamental to predicting the fate of coastal rivers and wetlands as sea level rises. We investigated patterns of sediment accretion in riparian wetlands along the nontidal through oligohaline portion of two coastal plain rivers in Maryland, U.S., and how flow velocity, water level, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the channel may have contributed to those patterns. Sediment accretion was measured over a 1 year period using artificial marker horizons, channel hydrology was measured over a 1 month period using acoustic Doppler current profilers, and SSC was predicted from acoustic backscatter. Riparian sediment accretion was lowest at the nontidal sites (mean and standard deviation=88mmyr(-1)), highest at the upstream tidal freshwater forested wetlands (TFFW) (3328mmyr(-1)), low at the midstream TFFW (129mmyr(-1)), and high at the oligohaline (fresh-to-brackish) marshes (198mmyr(-1)). Channel maximum flood and ebb velocity was twofold faster at the oligohaline than tidal freshwater zone on both tidal rivers, corresponding with the differences in in-channel SSC: The oligohaline zone's SSC was more than double the tidal freshwater zone's and was greater than historical SSC at the nontidal gages. The tidal wave characteristics differed between rivers, leading to significantly greater in-channel SSC during floodplain inundation in the weakly convergent than the strongly convergent tidal river. High sediment accretion at the upstream TFFW was likely due to high river discharge following a hurricane. Key Points Sediment accretion was highest near the head of tide and oligohaline estuary Velocity and suspended sediment were lower in the tidal fresh than oligohaline Tidal stage-velocity phase lag affected suspended sediment concentration C1 [Ensign, Scott H.; Noe, Gregory B.; Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Ensign, Scott H.] Aquat Anal & Consulting LLC, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Ensign, SH (reprint author), Aquat Anal & Consulting LLC, 603 Mandy Court, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM scott@aquaco.us OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; Aquatic Analysis and Consulting, LLC. FX We thank Jackie Batson, Ed Schenk, Sara Ulrich, and Alice Besterman for field and laboratory assistance and Don and Mark Malloy and Christopher Vooris for access to docks on their property. Support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program, and Aquatic Analysis and Consulting, LLC. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 28 EP 44 DI 10.1002/2013JF002737 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1YL UT WOS:000333029500003 ER PT J AU Work, TM Aeby, GS AF Work, Thierry M. Aeby, Greta S. TI Microbial aggregates within tissues infect a diversity of corals throughout the Indo-Pacific SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Coral; Microbes; Facultative; Symbiont; Cell-associated microbial aggregates; Histology ID ANEMONE AIPTASIA-PALLIDA; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; ACROPORID CORALS; HYDRA-VIRIDIS; SYMBIONTS; REEFS; APHIDS; ZOOXANTHELLAE; TRANSMISSION; EPIDERMIS AB Coral reefs are highly diverse eco systems where symbioses play a pivotal role. Corals contain cell-associated microbial aggregates (CAMA), yet little is known about how widespread they are among coral species or the nature of the symbio tic relationship. Using histology, we found CAMA within 24 species of corals from 6 genera from Hawaii, American Samoa, Palmyra, Johnston Atoll, Guam, and Australia. Prevalence (%) of infection varied among coral genera: Acropora, Porites, and Pocillopora were commonly infected whereas Montipora were not. Acropora from the Western Pacific were significantly more likely to be infected with CAMA than those from the Central Pacific, whereas the reverse was true for Porites. Compared with apparently healthy colonies, tissues from diseased colonies were significantly more likely to have both surface and basal body walls infected. The close association of CAMA with host cells in numerous species of apparently healthy corals and lack of associated cell pathology reveals an intimate agent-host association. Furthermore, CAMA are Gram negative and in some corals may be related to chlamydia or rickettsia. We propose that CAMA in adult corals are facultative secondary symbionts that could play an important ecological role in some dominant coral genera in the Indo-Pacific. CAMA are important in the life histories of other animals, and more work is needed to understand their role in the distribution, evolution, physiology, and immunology of reef corals. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Work, Thierry M.; Aeby, Greta S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 500 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.3354/meps10698 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AD0CA UT WOS:000332900300001 ER PT J AU Rudershausen, PJ Buckel, JA Dubreuil, T O'Donnell, MJ Hightower, JE Poland, SJ Letcher, BH AF Rudershausen, P. J. Buckel, J. A. Dubreuil, T. O'Donnell, M. J. Hightower, J. E. Poland, S. J. Letcher, B. H. TI Estimating movement and survival rates of a small saltwater fish using autonomous antenna receiver arrays and passive integrated transponder tags SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE PIT tags; Mummichogs; Salt marsh; Cormack Jolly Seber ID MUMMICHOG FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; ESTUARINE-DEPENDENT FISH; SALT-MARSH CREEK; PIT TAG; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; SITE FIDELITY; TIDAL CREEK; NEKTON USE; POPULATION; EFFICACY AB We evaluated the performance of small (12.5 mm long) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and custom detection antennas for obtaining fine-scale movement and demographic data of mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus in a salt marsh creek. Apparent survival and detection probability were estimated using a Cormack Jolly Seber (CJS) model fitted to detection data collected by an array of 3 vertical antennas from November 2010 to March 2011 and by a single horizontal antenna from April to August 2011. Movement of mummichogs was monitored during the period when the array of vertical antennas was used. Antenna performance was examined in situ using tags placed in wooden dowels (drones) and in live mummichogs. Of the 44 tagged fish, 42 were resighted over the 9 mo monitoring period. The in situ detection probabilities of the drone and live mummichogs were high (similar to 80-100%) when the ambient water depth was less than similar to 0.8 m. Upstream and downstream movement of mummichogs was related to hourly water depth and direction of tidal current in a way that maximized time periods over which mummichogs utilized the intertidal vegetated marsh. Apparent survival was lower during periods of colder water temperatures in December 2010 and early January 2011 (median estimate of daily apparent survival = 0.979) than during other periods of the study (median estimate of daily apparent survival = 0.992). During late fall and winter, temperature had a positive effect on the CJS detection probability of a tagged mummichog, likely due to greater fish activity over warmer periods. During the spring and summer, this pattern reversed possibly due to mummichogs having reduced activity during the hottest periods. This study demonstrates the utility of PIT tags and continuously operating autonomous detection systems for tracking fish at fine temporal scales, and improving estimates of demographic parameters in salt marsh creeks that are difficult or impractical to sample with active fishing gear. C1 [Rudershausen, P. J.; Buckel, J. A.; Poland, S. J.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Ecol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Dubreuil, T.; O'Donnell, M. J.; Letcher, B. H.] SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Hightower, J. E.] N Carolina State Univ, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rudershausen, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Ecol, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM pjruders@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Sea Grant project [R/10-HCE-1]; North Carolina State University IACUC [11-143-O] FX This study was funded by North Carolina Sea Grant project number R/10-HCE-1. We thank T. Castro-Santos, P. Schueller and 3 anonymous reviewers for their thorough review of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of North Carolina State University IACUC permit # 11-143-O. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 499 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.3354/meps10656 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AC0ZW UT WOS:000332225000013 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Milliman, JD Walling, DE Wasson, RJ Syvitski, JPM Aalto, RE AF Warrick, J. A. Milliman, J. D. Walling, D. E. Wasson, R. J. Syvitski, J. P. M. Aalto, R. E. TI Earth is (mostly) flat: Apportionment of the flux of continental sediment over millennial time scales Comment SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DENUDATION C1 [Warrick, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Milliman, J. D.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Walling, D. E.; Aalto, R. E.] Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. [Wasson, R. J.] Natl Univ Singapore, Asia Res Inst, Singapore 259770, Singapore. [Syvitski, J. P. M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 33 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2014 VL 42 IS 1 BP E316 EP E316 DI 10.1130/G34846C.1 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA AD4TJ UT WOS:000333243200003 ER PT J AU Lowry, MS Condit, R Hatfield, B Allen, SG Berger, R Morris, PA Le Boeuf, BJ Reiter, J AF Lowry, Mark S. Condit, Richard Hatfield, Brian Allen, Sarah G. Berger, Ryan Morris, Patricia A. Le Boeuf, Burney J. Reiter, J. TI Abundance, Distribution, and Population Growth of the Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris) in the United States from 1991 to 2010 SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE population growth; marine mammal census; pinniped; northern elephant seal; Mirounga angustirostris ID LIFE-HISTORY; GENETIC-VARIATION; CALIFORNIA; PRIMIPARITY; LEONINA; TREND; AGE AB We report on the distribution and abundance of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) in the United States from 1991 to 2010. Pup production (i.e., births) was the principal metric used to characterize abundance, distribution, and population growth of the U.S. population and of each rookery in the U.S. Birth estimates were obtained from the literature and estimated from recent counts of adult females or counts of pups made during ground and aerial photographic surveys conducted during the pupping-breeding season at all rookeries in central California and the Channel Islands in southern California. A total of 40,684 pups were estimated to have been born at 11 rookeries in the U.S. in 2010. The two most productive rookeries as of 2010 were San Miguel Island (16,208 pups) and San Nicolas Island (10,882 pups). The Piedras Blancas rookery was not established in 1991 but has since grown to be the fourth largest rookery as of 2010. Rookeries grew most rapidly initially, presumably due to high immigration rates; then increased moderately, eventually becoming stable; and some declined in size. Since 1988, the U.S. population has been growing at an average annual rate of 3.8%. The multiplicative factor needed to estimate total population size from pup production is estimated at 4.4. Total U.S. population size in 2010 was estimated at 179,000 individuals. Using conservative estimates for population growth of northern elephant seals in Mexico, we estimate that the total population in Mexico and the U.S. in 2010 was between 210,000 and 239,000 individuals. C1 [Lowry, Mark S.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Condit, Richard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Dpo, AA 34002 USA. [Condit, Richard] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Hatfield, Brian] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Simeon, CA 93452 USA. [Allen, Sarah G.] Natl Pk Serv, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Berger, Ryan] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Morris, Patricia A.; Reiter, J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Le Boeuf, Burney J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Chancellors Off, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Lowry, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM mark.lowry@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Park Service FX We thank many colleagues, students, and volunteers for years of censuses of northern elephant seals. There are too many of them to list, but they know who they are, and their contributions are included in this report. H. Huber, W. Sydeman, and R. Bradley provided long-term support at the Farallon Islands. D. Adams, D. Roberts, and D. Press provided long-term support at Point Reyes. K. Karako assisted with many elephant seal counts at the Piedras Blancas rookery. W. Perryman of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) provided photographic equipment for aerial photographic surveys. Aircraft for conducting aerial photographic surveys were chartered from Everingham Brothers (1988-1990) and Aspen Helicopters (1991-2010). Vessels for transport to Santa Barbara Island were provided by Channel Islands National Park or chartered from Peter Howorth. The U.S. Navy assisted with surveys at San Clemente Island and San Nicolas Island. The U.S. Air Force assisted with surveys at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Some of the research was supported in part by several grants from the National Science Foundation, and funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Park Service. The surveys conducted on the Farallon Islands and Point Reyes were covered under National Marine Fisheries Service permit # 373-1575; and Ano Nuevo censuses were covered under permit # 87-1743-04. All SWFSC surveys were conducted under Marine Mammal Research Permits 347, 404, 684, 704, 774-1437, 774-1714, and 14097; and National Marine Sanctuary Permits GFNMS/MBNMS/CINMS-04-98, MULTI-2002-003,MULTI-2003003, and MULTI-2008-003. All authors were involved in the collection of data and approved the final manuscript. The report was improved by comments provided by J. Barlow, W. Perryman, J. Laake, W. Perrin, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 36 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1578/AM.40.1.2014.20 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AB7YO UT WOS:000332007500007 ER PT J AU Kleen, JM Breland, AD AF Kleen, Joyce M. Breland, Amber D. TI Increases in Seasonal Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) Abundance Within Citrus County, Florida SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE Sirenian; Kings Bay; Citrus County; springs; aerial surveys; Florida manatee; Trichechus manatus latirostris ID VISIBILITY BIAS; AERIAL SURVEYS; KINGS BAY; CENSUS AB Identified as critical winter manatee habitat, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has documented a significant increase in peak and average Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) counts during the winter months in Citrus County and Kings Bay, Florida. Manatees use the warm 22 degrees C spring-fed waters of Kings Bay when water temperatures drop below 20 degrees C in the Gulf of Mexico. The USFWS manages winter manatee sanctuaries positioned over and near the bay's warm-water springs. Simple linear regressions of aerial survey data collected between 1983 and 2012 indicate that the peak counts for the survey period were 654 manatees occurring on 5 January 2012 in Citrus County and 566 manatees occurring on 13 January 2010 in Kings Bay. The average winter count has increased from 102 +/- 5 (1983) to 216 +/- 49 (2012) in Citrus County and from 73 +/- 6 (1983) to 148 +/- 41 (2012) in Kings Bay. Summer surveys were conducted consistently between 2004 and 2012. No significant change in peak or average manatee abundance was detected during this period. The increase in winter manatee counts prompted the need to review existing manatee protection measures, including manatee use within the sanctuaries. Additional analysis of habitat quality (i.e., salinity, plant community, disturbance caused by human recreation) on the abundance and distribution of manatees in the bay is needed to promote adaptive manatee management in the bay. C1 [Kleen, Joyce M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Crystal River Natl Wildlife Refuge, Crystal River, FL 34429 USA. [Breland, Amber D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, North Mississippi Natl Wildlife Refuges, Grenada, MS 38901 USA. RP Kleen, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Crystal River Natl Wildlife Refuge, 1502 SE Kings Bay Dr, Crystal River, FL 34429 USA. EM joyce_kleen@fws.gov FU Crystal River NWR Complex, Inc. FX We thank the Friends of Crystal River NWR Complex, Inc. and all of their donors for providing financial support for aerial manatee surveys. Crystal Aero Group Inc. provided piloting for all flights from the Crystal River Airport and has graciously adjusted their schedule on numerous occasions to accommodate our changing flight needs. We thank B. Quarles for completing several aerial manatee surveys used in this analysis and P. Carrier-Moisan, G. Jameson, S. Hensley, A. Asai, J. Hall, K. Wayes, B. Weiss, O. Bailey, and S. Hook for assisting in the entering and revision of data. Finally, we thank B. Bonde and three anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 37 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1578/AM.40.1.2014.69 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AB7YO UT WOS:000332007500011 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Rejmanek, M AF Stohlgren, Thomas J. Rejmanek, Marcel TI No universal scale-dependent impacts of invasive species on native plant species richness SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE species-area relationships; alien species; native species; alien species impacts ID AREA RELATIONSHIPS; TIME; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY AB A growing number of studies seeking generalizations about the impact of plant invasions compare heavily invaded sites to uninvaded sites. But does this approach warrant any generalizations? Using two large datasets from forests, grasslands and desert ecosystems across the conterminous United States, we show that (i) a continuum of invasion impacts exists in many biomes and (ii) many possible species-area relationships may emerge reflecting a wide range of patterns of co-occurrence of native and alien plant species. Our results contradict a smaller recent study by Powell et al. 2013 (Science 339, 316-318. (doi:10.1126/science.1226817)), who compared heavily invaded and uninvaded sites in three biomes and concluded that plant communities invaded by non-native plant species generally have lower local richness (intercepts of log species richness-log area regression lines) but steeper species accumulation with increasing area (slopes of the regression lines) than do uninvaded communities. We conclude that the impacts of plant invasions on plant species richness are not universal. C1 [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rejmanek, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM thomas.stohlgren@colostate.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 10 U2 51 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 AR 20130939 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0939 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AC2WR UT WOS:000332377500012 PM 24478201 ER PT J AU Vano, JA Udall, B Cayan, DR Overpeck, JT Brekke, LD Das, T Hartmann, HC Hidalgo, HG Hoerling, M McCabe, GJ Morino, K Webb, RS Werner, K Lettenmaier, DP AF Vano, Julie A. Udall, Bradley Cayan, Daniel R. Overpeck, Jonathan T. Brekke, Levi D. Das, Tapash Hartmann, Holly C. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hoerling, Martin McCabe, Gregory J. Morino, Kiyomi Webb, Robert S. Werner, Kevin Lettenmaier, Dennis P. TI Understanding Uncertainties in Future Colorado River Streamflow SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; MODEL PROJECTIONS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CHANGING CLIMATE; WATER-RESOURCES; VARIABILITY; RECONSTRUCTIONS AB The Colorado River is the primary water source for more than 30 million people in the United States and Mexico. Recent studies that project streamf low changes in the Colorado River all project annual declines, but the magnitude of the projected decreases range from less than 10% to 45% by the mid-twenty-first century. To understand these differences, we address the questions the management community has raised: Why is there such a wide range of projections of impacts of future climate change on Colorado River streamflow, and how should this uncertainty be interpreted? We identify four major sources of disparities among studies that arise from both methodological and model differences. In order of importance, these are differences in 1) the global climate models (GCMs) and emission scenarios used; 2) the ability of land surface and atmospheric models to simulate properly the high-elevation runoff source areas; 3) the sensitivities of land surface hydrology models to precipitation and temperature changes; and 4) the methods used to statistically downscale GCM scenarios. In accounting for these differences, there is substantial evidence across studies that future Colorado River streamflow will be reduced under the current trajectories of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions because of a combination of strong temperature-induced runoff curtailment and reduced annual precipitation. Reconstructions of preinstrumental streamflows provide additional insights; the greatest risk to Colorado River streamf lows is a multidecadal drought, like that observed in paleoreconstructions, exacerbated by a steady reduction in flows due to climate change. This could result in decades of sustained streamflows much lower than have been observed in the ~100 years of instrumental record. C1 [Vano, Julie A.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Udall, Bradley] Univ Colorado, Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.; Das, Tapash; Hidalgo, Hugo G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Brekke, Levi D.] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hartmann, Holly C.] Univ Arizona, Arid Lands Informat Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hoerling, Martin; Webb, Robert S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Morino, Kiyomi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Werner, Kevin] Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Lettenmaier, DP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dennisl@uw.edu OI Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 FU NOAA through its Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) cross-center project; California Nevada Applications Program (CNAP); Climate Impacts Group (CIG); Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS); Western Water Assessment (WWA); NOAA's National Integrated Drought Information System; Climate Impacts Research Consortium (CIRC) RISA FX The authors thank Niklas Christensen, David Meko, James Prairie, Drew Peterson, Cody Routson, and Connie Woodhouse for their assistance, and numerous water managers for their encouragement to write a synthesis paper. We also thank Richard Seager from Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Steve Markstrom from the U.S. Geological Survey, and three anonymous reviewers for their feedback. The research was funded by NOAA through its Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) cross-center project that included the California Nevada Applications Program (CNAP), the Climate Impacts Group (CIG), Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS), and the Western Water Assessment (WWA) and NOAA's National Integrated Drought Information System. Additional support has been provided by the Climate Impacts Research Consortium (CIRC) RISA. NR 73 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 59 EP 78 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00228.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8NL UT WOS:000332047200010 ER PT J AU Robinson, LF Adkins, JF Frank, N Gagnon, AC Prouty, NG Roark, EB van de Flierdt, T AF Robinson, Laura F. Adkins, Jess F. Frank, Norbert Gagnon, Alexander C. Prouty, Nancy G. Roark, E. Brendan van de Flierdt, Tina TI The geochemistry of deep-sea coral skeletons: A review of vital effects and applications for palaeoceanography SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals (ISDSC5) CY APR 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Deep-sea coral; Geochemistry; Paleoceanography; Proxy ID LOPHELIA-PERTUSA SCLERACTINIA; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; LATE HOLOCENE RADIOCARBON; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; GROWTH-RATES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; GORGONIAN CORALS; URANIUM-SERIES; WATER CORALS AB Deep-sea corals were discovered over a century ago, but it is only over recent years that focused efforts have been made to explore the history of the oceans using the geochemistry of their skeletal remains. They offer a promising archive of past oceanic environments given their global distribution, layered growth patterns, longevity and preservation as well as our ability to date them using radiometric techniques. This paper provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in terms of geochemical approaches to using deep-sea coral skeletons to explore the history of the ocean. Deep-sea coral skeletons have a wide array of morphologies (e.g. solitary cup corals, branching colonial corals) and materials (calcite, aragonite and proteins). As such their biomineralization strategies are diverse, leading to complex geochemistry within coral skeletons. Notwithstanding these complications, progress has been made on developing methods for reconstructing the oceanographic environment in the past using trace elements and isotopic methods. Promising approaches within certain coral groups include clumped isotopes and Mg/Li for temperature reconstructions, boron isotopes and radiocarbon for carbon cycling, epsilon Nd, and radiocarbon for circulation studies and delta N-15, P/Ca and Ba/Ca for nutrient tracer studies. Likewise there is now a range of techniques for dating deep-sea corals skeletons (e.g. U-series, radiocarbon), and determining their growth rates (e.g. radiocarbon and Pb-210). Dating studies on historic coral populations in the Atlantic, Southern Ocean and Pacific point to climate and environmental changes being dominant controls on coral populations over millennial and orbital timescales. This paper provides a review of a range of successes and promising approaches. It also highlights areas in which further research would likely provide new insights into biomineralization, palaeoceanography and distribution of past coral populations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Robinson, Laura F.] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Robinson, Laura F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Adkins, Jess F.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Frank, Norbert] IPSL, LSCE, UMR8212, Unite Mixte Rech, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gagnon, Alexander C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Prouty, Nancy G.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Roark, E. Brendan] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [van de Flierdt, Tina] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Robinson, LF (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM laura.robinson@bristol.ac.uk; jess@gps.caltech.edu; Norbert.Frank@lsce.ipsl.fr; gagnon@uw.edu; nprouty@usgs.gov; broark@geos.tamu.edu; tina.vandeflierdt@imperial.ac.uk RI Roark, Erin/D-4124-2013; Frank, Norbert/D-6486-2016; OI Roark, Erin/0000-0002-1742-9642; Frank, Norbert/0000-0002-0416-9546; Robinson, Laura/0000-0001-6811-0140 NR 168 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 11 U2 140 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 99 SI SI BP 184 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.005 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AC0OL UT WOS:000332194500019 ER PT J AU Margolin, AR Robinson, LF Burke, A Waller, RG Scanlon, KM Roberts, ML Auro, ME van de Flierdt, T AF Margolin, Andrew R. Robinson, Laura F. Burke, Andrea Waller, Rhian G. Scanlon, Kathryn M. Roberts, Mark L. Auro, Maureen E. van de Flierdt, Tina TI Temporal and spatial distributions of cold-water corals in the Drake Passage: Insights from the last 35,000 years SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals (ISDSC5) CY APR 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Deep-sea coral; Cold-water coral; Paleoceanography; Radiocarbon; Drake Passage; Southern Ocean; Coral biogeography ID DEEP-SEA CORALS; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA SCLERACTINIA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NE ATLANTIC; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ROCKALL TROUGH AB Scleractinian corals have a global distribution ranging from shallow tropical seas to the depths of the Southern Ocean. Although this distribution is indicative of the corals having a tolerance to a wide spectrum of environmental conditions, individual species seem to be restricted to a much narrower range of ecosystem variables. One way to ascertain the tolerances of corals, with particular focus on the potential impacts of changing climate, is to reconstruct their growth history across a range of environmental regimes. This study examines the spatial and temporal distribution of the solitary scleractinian corals Desmophyllum dianthus, Gardineria antarctica, Balanophyllia malouinensis, Caryophyllia spp. and Flabellum spp. from five sites in the Drake Passage which cross the major frontal zones. A rapid reconnaissance radiocarbon method was used to date more than 850 individual corals. Coupled with U-Th dating, an age range of present day back to more than 100 thousand years was established for corals in the region. Within this age range there are distinct changes in the temporal and spatial distributions of these corals, both with depth and latitude, and on millennial timescales. Two major patterns that emerge are: (1) D. dianthus populations show clear variability in their occurrence through time depending on the latitudinal position within the Drake Passage. North of the Subantarctic Front, D. dianthus first appears in the late deglaciation (similar to 17,000 years ago) and persists to today. South of the Polar Front, in contrast, early deglacial periods, with a few modern occurrences. A seamount site between the two fronts exhibits characteristics similar to both the northern and southern sites. This shift across the frontal zones within one species cannot yet be fully explained, but it is likely to be linked to changes in surface productivity, subsurface oxygen concentrations, and carbonate saturation state. (2) at locations where multiple genera were dated, differences in age and depth distribution of the populations provide clear evidence that each genus has unique environmental requirements to sustain its population. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Margolin, Andrew R.; Robinson, Laura F.; Burke, Andrea; Roberts, Mark L.; Auro, Maureen E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Margolin, Andrew R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Robinson, Laura F.] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Burke, Andrea] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Waller, Rhian G.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Scanlon, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [van de Flierdt, Tina] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Margolin, AR (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM amargolin@rsmas.miami.edu; lrobinson@whoi.edu; aburke@caltech.edu; rhian.waller@maine.edu; kscanlon@usgs.gov; mroberts@whoi.edu; mauro@whoi.edu; tina.vandeflierdt@imperial.ac.uk OI Robinson, Laura/0000-0001-6811-0140; Margolin, Andrew/0000-0002-1983-8618; Burke, Andrea/0000-0002-3754-1498 FU NSF [0636787, 0944474, 0902957, 0338087, 0819714]; NERC [NE/F016751/1]; The European Research Council; Marie Curie Reintegration Program; Leverhulme Trust [RPG-398]; WHOI-USGS Co-operative; University of Colorado through NSF [0825614]; NASA FX This research was funded by NSF grants 0636787, 0944474, 0902957, 0338087, and 0819714, NERC grant NE/F016751/1, The European Research Council, the Marie Curie Reintegration Program, the Leverhulme Trust (grant RPG-398), and the WHOI-USGS Co-operative. We thank Tamara Catanach and Jennifer Haskell for cutting and preparing coral subsamples for this study. We would also like to thank Baylor Fox-Kemper, Nicole Lovenduski, and Galen McKinley, who provided funding for work done at the University of Colorado through NSF grant 0825614 and NASA Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems grant. Additionally, we would like to thank May Panuela and the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program for supporting ARM's participation in NBP11-03 cruise. We acknowledge the science parties of cruises NBP11-03, LMG06-05 and NBP08-05 for their dedication and help with collecting and subsampling the samples in this study. We also thank the crews of the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer and RV Laurence M. Gould and the NOSAMS staff, particularly Joshua Burton, Steven Beaupre, and Kathryn Elder. NR 95 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 99 SI SI BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.008 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AC0OL UT WOS:000332194500024 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Liu, SG Li, ZP Dahal, D Young, CJ Schmidt, GL Liu, JX Davis, B Sohl, TL Werner, JM Oeding, J AF Wu, Yiping Liu, Shuguang Li, Zhengpeng Dahal, Devendra Young, Claudia J. Schmidt, Gail L. Liu, Jinxun Davis, Brian Sohl, Terry L. Werner, Jeremy M. Oeding, Jennifer TI Development of a generic auto-calibration package for regional ecological modeling and application in the Central Plains of the United States SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Biogeochemical modeling; FME; Parameter optimization; R; Remote sensing; SCE ID ECOSYSTEM CARBON DYNAMICS; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; LAND-USE; SOIL; UNCERTAINTY; CLIMATE; ALGORITHMS AB Process-oriented ecological models are frequently used for predicting potential impacts of global changes such as climate and land-cover changes, which can be useful for policy making. It is critical but challenging to automatically derive optimal parameter values at different scales, especially at regional scale, and validate the model performance. In this study, we developed an automatic calibration (auto-calibration) function for a well-established biogeochemical model the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS)-Erosion Deposition Carbon Model (EDCM) using data assimilation technique: the Shuffled Complex Evolution algorithm and a model-inversion R package Flexible Modeling Environment (FME). The new functionality can support multi-parameter and multi-objective auto-calibration of EDCM at the both pixel and regional levels. We also developed a post-processing procedure for GEMS to provide options to save the pixel-based or aggregated county-land cover specific parameter values for subsequent simulations. In our case study, we successfully applied the updated model (EDCM-Auto) for a single crop pixel with a corn-wheat rotation and a large ecological region (Level 11) Central USA Plains. The evaluation results indicate that EDCM-Auto is applicable at multiple scales and is capable to handle land cover changes (e.g., crop rotations). The model also performs well in capturing the spatial pattern of grain yield production for crops and net primary production (NPP) for other ecosystems across the region, which is a good example for implementing calibration and validation of ecological models with readily available survey data (grain yield) and remote sensing data (NPP) at regional and national levels. The developed platform for auto-calibration can be readily expanded to incorporate other model inversion algorithms and potential R packages, and also be applied to other ecological models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wu, Yiping] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang; Sohl, Terry L.; Werner, Jeremy M.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Li, Zhengpeng] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Dahal, Devendra; Schmidt, Gail L.; Liu, Jinxun; Davis, Brian; Oeding, Jennifer] USGS EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Young, Claudia J.] USGS EROS Ctr, ERT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wu, YP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ywu@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012; OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program; Land Carbon Project (GEMS Modeling); U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program; USGS [G08PC91508] FX This study was funded by the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program, Land Carbon Project (GEMS Modeling), and U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program. The work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Lei Ji for performing internal review and Sandra Cooper for further check. We are also grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 19 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.11.008 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC3SI UT WOS:000332441100005 ER PT J AU Shope, CL Maharjan, GR Tenhunen, J Seo, B Kim, K Riley, J Arnhold, S Koellner, T Ok, YS Peiffer, S Kim, B Park, JH Huwe, B AF Shope, C. L. Maharjan, G. R. Tenhunen, J. Seo, B. Kim, K. Riley, J. Arnhold, S. Koellner, T. Ok, Y. S. Peiffer, S. Kim, B. Park, J. -H. Huwe, B. TI Using the SWAT model to improve process descriptions and define hydrologic partitioning in South Korea SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; RIVER-BASIN; STREAMFLOW SIMULATION; QUALITY; SOIL; AVAILABILITY; UNCERTAINTY; RAINFALL; RUNOFF; IMPACT AB Watershed-scale modeling can be a valuable tool to aid in quantification of water quality and yield; however, several challenges remain. In many watersheds, it is difficult to adequately quantify hydrologic partitioning. Data scarcity is prevalent, accuracy of spatially distributed meteorology is difficult to quantify, forest encroachment and land use issues are common, and surface water and groundwater abstractions substantially modify watershed-based processes. Our objective is to assess the capability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to capture event-based and long-term monsoonal rainfall-runoff processes in complex mountainous terrain. To accomplish this, we developed a unique quality-control, gap-filling algorithm for interpolation of high-frequency meteorological data. We used a novel multi-location, multi-optimization calibration technique to improve estimations of catchment-wide hydrologic partitioning. The interdisciplinary model was calibrated to a unique combination of statistical, hydrologic, and plant growth metrics. Our results indicate scale-dependent sensitivity of hydrologic partitioning and substantial influence of engineered features. The addition of hydrologic and plant growth objective functions identified the importance of culverts in catchment-wide flow distribution. While this study shows the challenges of applying the SWAT model to complex terrain and extreme environments; by incorporating anthropogenic features into modeling scenarios, we can enhance our understanding of the hydroecological impact. C1 [Shope, C. L.; Peiffer, S.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Maharjan, G. R.; Tenhunen, J.; Seo, B.; Kim, K.; Riley, J.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Plant Ecol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Arnhold, S.; Huwe, B.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Phys, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Koellner, T.] Univ Bayreuth, Professorship Ecosyst Serv, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Ok, Y. S.] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Environm Biol, Gwangwon Do 200701, Chuncheon, South Korea. [Ok, Y. S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Kim, B.] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Env Sci, Gwangwon Do 200701, Chuncheon, South Korea. [Park, J. -H.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul 120750, South Korea. RP Shope, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM cshope@usgs.gov RI peiffer, stefan/C-3759-2012; Koellner, Thomas/B-8286-2008; Shope, Christopher/A-2931-2013; OI peiffer, stefan/0000-0002-8326-0240; Koellner, Thomas/0000-0001-5022-027X; Shope, Christopher/0000-0003-3277-0811; Seo, Bumsuk/0000-0002-9424-9784; Ok, Yong Sik/0000-0003-3401-0912 FU International Research Training Group TERRECO through the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth [GRK 1565/1] FX The authors thank S. Bartsch for the invaluable technical assistance and hydrologic data collection, monitoring and analysis. We also thank Y. Kim for nutrient, fertilization, gas exchange analysis, and DNDC modeling simulations. We appreciate the interview data collected by P. Poppenborg, T. Nguyen, and S. Trabert. This manuscript was significantly improved through the critical reviews of M. Volk and K. Bieger. Support from the International Research Training Group TERRECO (GRK 1565/1) funded through the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth is greatly acknowledged. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 2 BP 539 EP 557 DI 10.5194/hess-18-539-2014 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AC3VH UT WOS:000332448800011 ER PT J AU Cheriton, OM McPhee-Shaw, EE Shaw, WJ Stanton, TP Bellingham, JG Storlazzi, CD AF Cheriton, Olivia M. McPhee-Shaw, Erika E. Shaw, William J. Stanton, Timothy P. Bellingham, James G. Storlazzi, Curt D. TI Suspended particulate layers and internal waves over the southern Monterey Bay continental shelf: An important control on shelf mud belts? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Monterey Bay; suspended particulate matter; internal tide; sediment transport; intermediate nepheloid layers; mud belt ID INTERMEDIATE NEPHELOID LAYERS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOLITARY WAVES; SEDIMENT TEXTURE; INNER SHELF; MARGIN; BOTTOM; CANYON; TIDES; TRANSPORT AB Physical and optical measurements taken over the mud belt on the southern continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California documented the frequent occurrence of suspended particulate matter features, the majority of which were detached from the seafloor, centered 9-33 m above the bed. In fall 2011, an automated profiling mooring and fixed instrumentation, including a thermistor chain and upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler, were deployed at 70 m depth for 5 weeks, and from 12 to 16 October a long-range autonomous underwater vehicle performed across-shelf transects. Individual SPM events were uncorrelated with local bed shear stress caused by surface waves and bottom currents. Nearly half of all observed SPM layers occurred during 1 week of the study, 9-16 October 2011, and were advected past the fixed profiling mooring by the onshore phase of semidiurnal internal tide bottom currents. At the start of the 9-16 October period, we observed intense near-bed vertical velocities capable of lifting particulates into the middle of the water column. This updraft event appears to have been associated with nonlinear adjustment of high-amplitude internal tides over the mid and outer shelf. These findings suggest that nonlinear internal tidal motions can erode material over the outer shelf and that, once suspended, this SPM can then be transported shoreward to the middle and shallow sections of the mud belt. This represents a fundamental broadening of our understanding of how shelf mud belts may be built up and sustained. Key Points Internal tides drive detachment and mid-water flux of suspended particulates Repeated onshore pulses suggest new mechanism for maintaining shelf mud belts Upwelling and downwelling affect internal tide energetics and sediment transport C1 [Cheriton, Olivia M.; Storlazzi, Curt D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [McPhee-Shaw, Erika E.] Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Shaw, William J.; Stanton, Timothy P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Bellingham, James G.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. RP Cheriton, OM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ocheriton@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490; Cheriton, Olivia/0000-0003-3011-9136 FU National Science Foundation [OCE0961810]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant OCE0961810 to McPhee-Shaw, Bellingham, Shaw, and Stanton), and by the U.S. Geological Survey. Project Assistant C. Hunter (MLML) prepared and oversaw the deployment and recovery of the moored instrument platforms. B. Hobson oversaw deployment and operation of the LRAUV. D. Kolber (MBARI) helped prepare and postprocess autonomous underwater vehicle data. We gratefully acknowledge M. McManus at the University of Hawaii at Manoa for loaning us the SeaHorse autonomous profiler and associated instrumentation. We thank K. Rosenberger for his contributions to and preliminary editing of this manuscript. J. Sevadjian and B. Raanan offered helpful suggestions for field work planning and data analyses. B. Edwards and J. Reid supplied the sediment grain size data shown in Figure 1, and N. Golden assisted with mapping this data. We thank the captain and crews of the RV Pt Sur and all the MLML students who assisted with field operations. The authors are very grateful to P. Puig and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments and suggestions greatly improved the manuscript. NR 83 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 428 EP 444 DI 10.1002/2013JC009360 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AB6DZ UT WOS:000331879100031 ER PT J AU Banik, TJ Wallace, PJ Hoskuldsson, A Miller, CF Bacon, CR Furbish, DJ AF Banik, Tenley J. Wallace, Paul J. Hoskuldsson, Armann Miller, Calvin F. Bacon, Charles R. Furbish, David J. TI Magma-ice-sediment interactions and the origin of lava/hyaloclastite sequences in the Sioa formation, South Iceland SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sioa; Magma/water interaction; Lava/hyaloclastite sequences; Glaciovolcanism; Volatiles; Degassing ID CARBON-DIOXIDE SOLUBILITIES; RIDGE BASALTIC LIQUIDS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SUBGLACIAL ERUPTION; LAKI ERUPTION; SULFUR; GLASSES; HAWAII; WATER; VOLATILES AB Products of subglacial volcanism can illuminate reconstructions of paleo-environmental conditions on both local and regional scales. Competing interpretations of Pleistocene conditions in south Iceland have been proposed based on an extensive sequence of repeating lava-and-hyaloclastite deposits in the Sioa district. We propose here a new eruptive model and refine the glacial environment during eruption based on field research and analytical data for the Sioa district lava/hyaloclastite units. Field observations from this and previous studies reveal a repeating sequence of cogenetic lava and hyaloclastite deposits extending many kilometers from their presumed eruptive source. Glasses from lava selvages and unaltered hyaloclastites have very low H2O, S, and CO2 concentrations, indicating significant degassing at or close to atmospheric pressure prior to quenching. We also present a scenario that demonstrates virtual co-emplacement of the two eruptive products. Our data and model results suggest repeated eruptions under thin ice or partially subaerial conditions, rather than eruption under a thick ice sheet or subglacial conditions as previously proposed. C1 [Banik, Tenley J.; Miller, Calvin F.; Furbish, David J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Wallace, Paul J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hoskuldsson, Armann] Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Bacon, Charles R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Banik, TJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM tenley.banik@vanderbilt.edu FU American-Scandinavian Foundation; Geological Society of America Penrose awards; Rannis, the Icelandic research society; NSF [EAR-0409876] FX TJB thanks Thor Thordarson, Guorun Larsen, and Niels Oskarsson for helpful discussions during field research and writing. Many thanks also go to Sigurour Jakobsson and Leo Kristjansson at the University of Iceland for initial FTIR work and field equipment, respectively. This manuscript was significantly improved by helpful reviews from Alex Nichols, R.J. Brown, Benjamin Edwards, and Larry Mastin. TJB acknowledges financial support from American-Scandinavian Foundation and Geological Society of America Penrose awards, as well as support from Rannis, the Icelandic research society. Funding was also provided by NSF grant EAR-0409876 to CFM. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 76 IS 1 AR 785 DI 10.1007/s00445-013-0785-3 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AC2MV UT WOS:000332336200006 ER PT J AU Bonasia, R Scaini, C Capra, L Nathenson, M Siebe, C Arana-Salinas, L Folch, A AF Bonasia, Rosanna Scaini, Chiara Capra, Lucia Nathenson, Manuel Siebe, Claus Arana-Salinas, Lilia Folch, Arnau TI Long-range hazard assessment of volcanic ash dispersal for a Plinian eruptive scenario at Popocatepetl volcano (Mexico): implications for civil aviation safety SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Popocatepetl; Tephra hazard; Plinian eruption; Civil aviation; FALL3D model ID TEPHRA-FALL DEPOSITS; EL-CHICHON-VOLCANO; NEVADO-DE-TOLUCA; SANTA-MARIA VOLCANO; HOLOCENE STRATIGRAPHY; PUMICE; GUATEMALA; CHIAPAS; VOLUME; TRANSPORT AB Popocatepetl is one of Mexico's most active volcanoes threatening a densely populated area that includes Mexico City with more than 20 million inhabitants. The destructive potential of this volcano is demonstrated by its Late Pleistocene-Holocene eruptive activity, which has been characterized by recurrent Plinian eruptions of large magnitude, the last two of which destroyed human settlements in pre-Hispanic times. Popocatepetl's reawakening in 1994 produced a crisis that culminated with the evacuation of two villages on the northeastern flank of the volcano. Shortly after, a monitoring system and a civil protection contingency plan based on a hazard zone map were implemented. The current volcanic hazards map considers the potential occurrence of different volcanic phenomena, including pyroclastic density currents and lahars. However, no quantitative assessment of the tephra hazard, especially related to atmospheric dispersal, has been performed. The presence of airborne volcanic ash at low and jet-cruise atmospheric levels compromises the safety of aircraft operations and forces re-routing of aircraft to prevent encounters with volcanic ash clouds. Given the high number of important airports in the surroundings of Popocatepetl volcano and considering the potential threat posed to civil aviation in Mexico and adjacent regions in case of a Plinian eruption, a hazard assessment for tephra dispersal is required. In this work, we present the first probabilistic tephra dispersal hazard assessment for Popocatepetl volcano. We compute probabilistic hazard maps for critical thresholds of airborne ash concentrations at different flight levels, corresponding to the situation defined in Europe during 2010, and still under discussion. Tephra dispersal mode is performed using the FALL3D numerical model. Probabilistic hazard maps are built for a Plinian eruptive scenario defined on the basis of geological field data for the "Ochre Pumice" Plinian eruption (4965 C-14 yr BP). FALL3D model input eruptive parameters are constrained through an inversion method carried out with the semi-analytical HAZMAP model and are varied by sampling them using probability density functions. We analyze the influence of seasonal variations on ash dispersal and estimate the average persistence of critical ash concentrations at relevant locations and airports. This study assesses the impact that a Plinian eruption similar to the Ochre Pumice eruption would have on the main airports of Mexico and adjacent areas. The hazard maps presented here can support long-term planning that would help minimize the impacts of such an eruption on civil aviation. C1 [Bonasia, Rosanna; Capra, Lucia] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. [Scaini, Chiara; Folch, Arnau] Ctr Nacl Supercomp, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. [Nathenson, Manuel] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Siebe, Claus; Arana-Salinas, Lilia] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Vulcanol, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Bonasia, R (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. EM rbonasia@geociencias.unam.mx RI Folch, Arnau/G-2996-2015; OI Folch, Arnau/0000-0002-0677-6366; Nathenson, Manuel/0000-0002-5216-984X; Siebe, Claus/0000-0002-3959-9028 FU project PAPIIT [IN109613]; [CONACYT-167231]; [UNAM-DGAPA-IN 1094] FX We also would like to thank Roberto Sulpizio for helpful discussion on strategy and methodology. All numeric computations were performed at the Computational Geodynamic Laboratory-CGEO (Centro de Geociencias, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) supercomputing facility-Horus. Work at Horus was supported by project PAPIIT IN109613. We thank Eurocontrol Network Management department for providing GIS air traffic data. Work at Popocatepetl and other Mexican volcanoes carried out by L. Arana-Salinas and C. Siebe has been supported by grants CONACYT-167231 and UNAM-DGAPA-IN 1094. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 76 IS 1 AR 789 DI 10.1007/s00445-013-0789-z PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AC2MV UT WOS:000332336200009 ER PT J AU Gibson, J Moisen, G Frescino, T Edwards, TC AF Gibson, Jacob Moisen, Gretchen Frescino, Tracey Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. TI Using Publicly Available Forest Inventory Data in Climate-Based Models of Tree Species Distribution: Examining Effects of True Versus Altered Location Coordinates SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE forest inventory and analysis; "fuzzswap" plot coordinates; perturbed coordinates; species distribution models; junipers; pinon pine ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PLOT LOCATIONS; UNITED-STATES; PINUS-EDULIS; PINYON PINE; CLASSIFICATION; ECOLOGY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; WOODLANDS AB Species distribution models (SDMs) were built with US Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) publicly available plot coordinates, which are altered for plot security purposes, and compared with SDMs built with true plot coordinates. Six species endemic to the western US, including four junipers (Juniperus deppeana var. deppeana, J. monosperma, J. occidentalis, J. osteosperma) and two pinons (Pinus edulis, P. monophylla), were analyzed. The presence-absence models based on current climatic variables were generated over a series of species-specific modeling extents using Random Forests and applied to forecast climatic conditions. The distributions of predictor variables sampled with public coordinates were compared to those sampled with true coordinates using t tests with a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Public- and true-based models were compared using metrics of classification accuracy. The modeled current and forecast distributions were compared in terms of their overall areal agreement and their geographic mean centroids. Comparison of the underlying distributions of predictor variables sampled with true versus public coordinates did not indicate a significant difference for any species at any extent. Both the public- and true-based models had comparable classification accuracies across extent for each species, with the exception of one species, J. occidentalis. True-based models produced geographic distributions with smaller areas under current and future scenarios. The greatest areal difference occurred in the species with the lowest modeled accuracies (J. occidentalis), and had a forecast distribution which diverged severely. The other species had forecast distributions with similar magnitudes of modeled distribution shifts. C1 [Gibson, Jacob] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gibson, Jacob] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Moisen, Gretchen; Frescino, Tracey] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Gibson, J (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM j.gibson@aggiemail.usu.edu FU US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program FX We thank J. DeRose, T. Sharik, and J. MacMahon for their reviews of this and earlier drafts. Funding for this research was provided to Edwards and Gibson by the US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. Mention of any product by name does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or the Federal Government. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9703-y PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB7WP UT WOS:000332002000004 ER PT J AU Jackson, NL Nordstrom, KF Smith, DR Saini, S AF Jackson, Nancy L. Nordstrom, Karl F. Smith, David R. Saini, Sherestha TI Delivery and movement of horseshoe crab eggs (Limulus polyphemus) in the breaking waves and swash uprush of an estuarine foreshore SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE egg transport; estuarine beach; horseshoe crabs; sediment activation; shorebirds ID DELAWARE BAY; BEACH CHARACTERISTICS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHOREBIRDS; ZONE; ENERGY; SITE AB Knowledge of conditions for entrainment of eggs and larvae from beach spawning sites is critical in determining the likelihood that these food sources will be delivered to shorebirds. The exhumation of horseshoe crab eggs buried within the beach foreshore is a function of changes in wave and current velocities over a tidal cycle. This field study was conducted to evaluate the temporal constraints to egg release at two different locations across the foreshore of a sandy estuarine beach in Delaware Bay, New Jersey. Wind, wave, current characteristics, beach change and eggs in transport were sampled over two tidal cycles. Egg counts were determined using four colors of dyed-egg tracers placed as point sources 5 and 10 m bayward of the expected upper limit of swash. Tracer recovery varied from 1% to 18% of the tracer eggs buried. Wave heights were relatively low (instrumented H-s = 0.09-0.17 m) but with long periods (5.6-8.8 s). Results reveal that egg release is discontinuous and occurs in pulses when the swash and breakers migrate across the injection points on the rising tide and when the breakers migrate past the injection points during the falling tide. A lack of tracer at the upper (5 m) injection point after early stages of high tide is likely due to the maximum disturbance depth being achieved early, leaving no eggs within the swash boundary layer. Peaks in recovery of tracer initially buried at the lower (10 m) location after the breakers migrated up the foreshore well past the injection location are likely from eggs deposited in the wrack on the upper beach or reburied in the sediment near the upper limit of swash and remobilized by high swash uprushes. These results using point sources of tracer eggs suggest that the contribution of eggs from within the beach matrix is temporally variable across the foreshore. Most eggs are released during rising tide, but additional eggs can be released during falling tide if the depth of activation of the bed is greater than on the rise due to net erosion or change to higher wave-energy conditions. Successful shorebird foraging at other times in the falling tide appears due to transport of eggs released earlier in the tidal cycle and delivered alongshore and not due to eggs exhumed in-situ at that time. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, Nancy L.; Saini, Sherestha] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Nordstrom, Karl F.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Jackson, NL (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM jacksonn@njit.edu FU National Science Foundation, Geography and Spatial Sciences Program [0647877]; New Jersey Sea Grant; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea Grant; U.S. Department of Commerce, under NOAA grant [NA10OAR4170075]; New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium; U.S. Department of Commerce FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation, Geography and Spatial Sciences Program under Grant No. 0647877 and by New Jersey Sea Grant with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea Grant, U.S. Department of Commerce, under NOAA grant #NA10OAR4170075 and the New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, New Jersey Sea Grant or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NJSG-13-847. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 136 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.025 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AB3ER UT WOS:000331674600022 ER PT J AU Neville, AS Cook, DJ Afifi, AM Stewart, SA AF Neville, Allen S. Cook, Douglas J. Afifi, Abdulkader M. Stewart, Simon A. TI Five buried crater structures imaged on reflection seismic data in Saudi Arabia SO GEOARABIA LA English DT Article ID IMPACT CRATERS; METEORITE IMPACT; OMAN MOUNTAINS; LATE EDIACARAN; UPHEAVAL DOME; MIDDLE-EAST; BASIN; ORIGIN; EVOLUTION; AUSTRALIA AB Reflection seismic data acquired for hydrocarbon exploration in Saudi Arabia have revealed five buried crater structures ranging in diameter from 5 km to 34 km. These structures have little or no present-day surface expression and span a range of ages from Ordovician to Cenozoic. The Saqqar structure (29 degrees 35'N, 38 degrees 42'E) is 34 km in diameter and is formed in Devonian siliciclastics. The structure is partially eroded and is unconformably overlain by Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene strata up to 400 m thick. The Jalamid structure (31 degrees 27'N, 39 degrees 35'E) is 19 km in diameter at Lower Ordovician level and is infilled by Middle Ordovician sediments, at a present-day depth of 4,500 m. The Banat Baqar structure (29 degrees 07'N, 37 degrees 36'E) is 12 km in diameter at Middle Ordovician level and infilled by Upper Ordovician sediments, at a depth of 2,000 m. The Hamidan structure (20 degrees 36'N, 54 degrees 44'E) is 16 km in diameter at Paleogene level and is overlain by a thin veneer of Recent sediment. The Zaynan structure (20 degrees 23'N, 50 degrees 08'E) is 5 km in diameter and affects Triassic sediments at depth of 3,800 m, and is infilled by Jurassic strata. In addition to reflection seismic imaging, various amounts of gravity and magnetic data and drilled wells are available in or near these structures. Various models including impact cratering are discussed here for each structure. One structure (Saqqar) has yielded quartz grains with possible shock metamorphic features that, contingent on future work, may support a meteorite impact crater interpretation. C1 [Neville, Allen S.] Saudi Aramco, Area Explorat Dept, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [Cook, Douglas J.; Stewart, Simon A.] Saudi Aramcos Southern Area Explorat Div, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [Afifi, Abdulkader M.] Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [Afifi, Abdulkader M.] US Geol Survey, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. RP Stewart, SA (reprint author), Saudi Aramcos Southern Area Explorat Div, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. EM allensneville@hotmail.com; douglas.cook@aramco.com; abdulkader.afifi@aramco.com; simon.stewart@aramco.com NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU GULF PETROLINK PI MANAMA PA PO BOX 20393, MANAMA, 00000, BAHRAIN SN 1025-6059 J9 GEOARABIA JI GeoArabia PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 BP 17 EP 44 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AB1YP UT WOS:000331590200002 ER PT J AU Tabor, RA Kopit, AM Waterstrat, FT Meister, CM Thompson, BE AF Tabor, Roger A. Kopit, Andi M. Waterstrat, Frithiof T. Meister, Christina M. Thompson, Bradley E. TI Diet of Adult Olympic Mudminnow, Novumbra hubbsi SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Olympic mudminnow; western Washington; diet overlap; feeding strategy ID LARVIVOROUS FISH; STOMACH CONTENTS; PREDATION; GAMBUSIA; IMPACTS AB Olympic mudminnow (Novumbra hubbsi) is a small species endemic to western Washington State that inhabits marshy, wetland-type areas with abundant aquatic macrophytes. Because they can be locally abundant and may be the only fish species present, they may have important effects on the aquatic community. However, little is known about their diet under natural conditions. To get a detailed account of their feeding ecology, Olympic mudminnow were sampled from six sites. Three sites were sampled monthly from February to August 2012 and the other three sites were sampled once in June 2012. Gastric lavage was used to collect stomach samples from fish >= 40 mm total length (TL). Stomach samples were collected from 477 fish (40-75 mm TL). Olympic mudminnow diet was comprised primarily of aquatic invertebrates. By weight, oligochaetes and chironomid larvae were the predominant prey types but by number, copepods were the predominant prey type. Of the three monthly sample sites, diet overlap between seasons was high at one site, low at another site, and variable at the third site. Diet overlap was generally low between sites. Olympic mudminnow 40-49 mm TL primarily displayed a generalist feeding strategy, whereas larger fish displayed more specialization. A consistent pattern of ontogenetic diet shifts was not apparent. Results of this study and an earlier study indicate Olympic mudminnow consume a wide variety of types and sizes of aquatic invertebrates and their diet can vary widely between sites and seasons. C1 [Tabor, Roger A.; Kopit, Andi M.; Waterstrat, Frithiof T.; Meister, Christina M.; Thompson, Bradley E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Washington, DC 98503 USA. RP Tabor, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr,Suite 102, Washington, DC 98503 USA. EM roger_tabor@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Washington Fish and Wildlife Office FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Washington Fish and Wildlife Office. We would like to thank Molly Hallock (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife), Kira Mazzi, Dan Spencer, and Zachary Moore (USFWS) for their assistance with the field sampling. We would also like to thank John Trobaugh (Washington Department of Natural Resources) and Capital Land Trust for their assistance with access to some sample sites. Suggestions by Shannon Brewer (U. S. Geological Survey) and Denise Hawkins (USFWS) and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved earlier versions of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 88 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.3955/046.088.0106 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB7DP UT WOS:000331949800004 ER PT J AU Todd, L Elbert, D AF Todd, Laura Elbert, Daniel TI Western Snowy Plover in Oregon: Community Creates Recovery SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Todd, Laura; Elbert, Daniel] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newport Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Todd, L (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newport Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM laura_todd@fws.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 20 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 88 IS 1 BP 58 EP 60 DI 10.3955/046.088.0112 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB7DP UT WOS:000331949800008 ER PT J AU Ward, PJ Eisner, S Florke, M Dettinger, MD Kummu, M AF Ward, P. J. Eisner, S. Floerke, M. Dettinger, M. D. Kummu, M. TI Annual flood sensitivities to El Nino-Southern Oscillation at the global scale SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; INTERDECADAL CHANGES; CHANGING CLIMATE; RIVER-BASIN; LA-NINA; VARIABILITY; STREAMFLOW; DROUGHT; EUROPE AB Floods are amongst the most dangerous natural hazards in terms of economic damage. Whilst a growing number of studies have examined how river floods are influenced by climate change, the role of natural modes of interannual climate variability remains poorly understood. We present the first global assessment of the influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on annual river floods, defined here as the peak daily discharge in a given year. The analysis was carried out by simulating daily gridded discharges using the WaterGAP model (Water - a Global Assessment and Prognosis), and examining statistical relationships between these discharges and ENSO indices. We found that, over the period 1958-2000, ENSO exerted a significant influence on annual floods in river basins covering over a third of the world's land surface, and that its influence on annual floods has been much greater than its influence on average flows. We show that there are more areas in which annual floods intensify with La Nina and decline with El Nino than vice versa. However, we also found that in many regions the strength of the relationships between ENSO and annual floods have been non-stationary, with either strengthening or weakening trends during the study period. We discuss the implications of these findings for science and management. Given the strong relationships between ENSO and annual floods, we suggest that more research is needed to assess relationships between ENSO and flood impacts (e. g. loss of lives or economic damage). Moreover, we suggest that in those regions where useful relationships exist, this information could be combined with ongoing advances in ENSO prediction research, in order to provide year-to-year probabilistic flood risk forecasts. C1 [Ward, P. J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies IVM, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ward, P. J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam Global Change Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Eisner, S.; Floerke, M.] Univ Kassel, Ctr Environm Syst Res, Kassel, Germany. [Dettinger, M. D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dettinger, M. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kummu, M.] Aalto Univ, Water & Dev Res Grp, Espoo, Finland. RP Ward, PJ (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies IVM, Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM philip.ward@ivm.vu.nl RI Kummu, Matti/C-4797-2011; Ward, Philip/E-6208-2010 OI Kummu, Matti/0000-0001-5096-0163; FU Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Aalto University; Academy of Finland [267463]; EU's Research Framework Programme (FP6) [036946] FX This research was funded by a VENI grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). M. Kummu received funding from Aalto University Postdoc grants and the Academy of Finland funded project SCART (grant no. 267463). The financial support from the EU's Research Framework Programme (FP6) under contract no. 036946 (WATCH - Water and Global Change) is gratefully acknowledged. We acknowledge the Global Runoff Data Centre, Koblenz, Germany, for providing river discharge time series. We thank the editor, two anonymous reviewers, Hugo Hidalgo, and Gregory McCabe for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 83 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 1 BP 47 EP 66 DI 10.5194/hess-18-47-2014 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AA5GE UT WOS:000331123300004 ER PT J AU Williams, K Brewer, SK Ellersieck, MR AF Williams, Kristi Brewer, Shannon K. Ellersieck, Mark R. TI A COMPARISON OF TWO GEARS FOR QUANTIFYING ABUNDANCE OF LOTIC-DWELLING CRAYFISH SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture efficiency; Orconectes medius; quadrat sampler; saddlebacked crayfish; seine ID FISH; EFFICIENCY; SAMPLER AB Crayfish (saddlebacked crayfish, Orconectes medius) catch was compared using a kick seine applied two different ways with a 1-m(2) quadrat sampler (with known efficiency and bias in riffles) from three small streams in the Missouri Ozarks. Triplicate samples (one of each technique) were taken from two creeks and one headwater stream (n = 69 sites) over a two-year period. General linear mixed models showed the number of crayfish collected using the quadrat sampler was greater than the number collected using either of the two seine techniques. However, there was no significant interaction with gear suggesting year, stream size, and channel unit type did not relate to different catches of crayfish by gear type. Variation in catch among gears was similar, as was the proportion of young-of-year individuals across samples taken with different gears or techniques. Negative binomial linear regression provided the appropriate relation between the gears which allows correction factors to be applied, if necessary, to relate catches by the kick seine to those of the quadrat sampler. The kick seine appears to be a reasonable substitute to the quadrat sampler in these shallow streams, with the advantage of ease of use and shorter time required per sample. C1 [Williams, Kristi] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Brewer, Shannon K.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Agr Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002212 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB0KR UT WOS:000331481300007 ER PT J AU Wood, NJ Schmidtlein, MC Peters, J AF Wood, Nathan J. Schmidtlein, Mathew C. Peters, Jeff TI Changes in population evacuation potential for tsunami hazards in Seward, Alaska, since the 1964 Good Friday earthquake SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Good Friday earthquake; Tsunami; Evacuation; Disaster; Modeling AB Pedestrian evacuation modeling for tsunami hazards typically focuses on current land-cover conditions and population distributions. To examine how post-disaster redevelopment may influence the evacuation potential of at-risk populations to future threats, we modeled pedestrian travel times to safety in Seward, Alaska, based on conditions before the 1964 Good Friday earthquake and tsunami disaster and on modern conditions. Anisotropic, path distance modeling is conducted to estimate travel times to safety during the 1964 event and in modern Seward, and results are merged with various population data, including the location and number of residents, employees, public venues, and dependent care facilities. Results suggest that modeled travel time estimates conform well to the fatality patterns of the 1964 event and that evacuation travel times have increased in modern Seward due to the relocation and expansion of port and harbor facilities after the disaster. The majority of individuals threatened by tsunamis today in Seward are employee, customer, and tourist populations, rather than residents in their homes. Modern evacuation travel times to safety for the majority of the region are less than wave arrival times for future tectonic tsunamis but greater than arrival times for landslide-related tsunamis. Evacuation travel times will likely be higher in the winter time, when the presence of snow may constrain evacuations to roads. C1 [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Schmidtlein, Mathew C.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geog, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Peters, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wood, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM nwood@usgs.gov; schmidtlein@csus.edu; jpeters@usgs.gov OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Geospatial Program; USGS Land Change Science Program FX This study was supported by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Geospatial Program and the USGS Land Change Science Program. Mara Tongue, Susan Benjamin, and Keith Kirk of the USGS, John Schelling of the State of Washington Military Department, and three anonymous reviewers gave insightful reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2014 VL 70 IS 2 BP 1031 EP 1053 DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0859-8 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AA9DF UT WOS:000331393200004 ER PT S AU Burge, CA Eakin, CM Friedman, CS Froelich, B Hershberger, PK Hofmann, EE Petes, LE Prager, KC Weil, E Willis, BL Ford, SE Harvell, CD AF Burge, Colleen A. Eakin, C. Mark Friedman, Carolyn S. Froelich, Brett Hershberger, Paul K. Hofmann, Eileen E. Petes, Laura E. Prager, Katherine C. Weil, Ernesto Willis, Bette L. Ford, Susan E. Harvell, C. Drew BE Carlson, CA Giovannoni, SJ TI Climate Change Influences on Marine Infectious Diseases: Implications for Management and Society SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 6 SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE epizootics; mass mortalities; health; oceans; ocean warming ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; ABALONE HALIOTIS-RUFESCENS; HAPLOSPORIDIUM-NELSONI MSX; CANDIDATUS-XENOHALIOTIS-CALIFORNIENSIS; DOLPHINS STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; RICKETTSIALES-LIKE PROKARYOTE; CARIBBEAN ELKHORN CORAL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; BLACK BAND DISEASE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF AB Infectious diseases are common in marine environments, but the effects of a changing climate on marine pathogens are not well understood. Here we review current knowledge about how the climate drives host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease outbreaks. Climate-related impacts on marine diseases are being documented in corals, shellfish, finfish, and humans; these impacts are less clearly linked for other organisms. Oceans and people are inextricably linked, and marine diseases can both directly and indirectly affect human health, livelihoods, and well-being. We recommend an adaptive management approach to better increase the resilience of ocean systems vulnerable to marine diseases in a changing climate. Land-based management methods of quarantining, culling, and vaccinating are not successful in the ocean; therefore, forecasting conditions that lead to outbreaks and designing tools/approaches to influence these conditions may be the best way to manage marine disease. C1 [Burge, Colleen A.; Harvell, C. Drew] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Friedman, Carolyn S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Froelich, Brett] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Petes, Laura E.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Prager, Katherine C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Prager, Katherine C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Weil, Ernesto] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Ford, Susan E.] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. RP Burge, CA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cab433@cornell.edu; mark.eakin@noaa.gov; carolynf@uw.edu; bafroeli@unc.edu; phershberger@usgs.gov; hofmann@ccpo.odu.edu; laura.petes@noaa.gov; kcprager@ucla.edu; reefpal@gmail.com; bette.willis@jcu.edu.au; susan@hsrl.rutgers.edu; cdh5@cornell.edu RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 NR 198 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 24 U2 213 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1405 BN 978-0-8243-4506-8 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2014 VL 6 BP 249 EP 277 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135029 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BJQ32 UT WOS:000329657800012 PM 23808894 ER PT J AU Kokelaar, BP Graham, RL Gray, JMNT Vallance, JW AF Kokelaar, B. P. Graham, R. L. Gray, J. M. N. T. Vallance, J. W. TI Fine-grained linings of leveed channels facilitate runout of granular flows SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE granular flow; granular segregation; levee; pore-fluid pressure; runout distance; self-organization ID DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES; PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; COARSE PARTICLES; SEGREGATION; MORPHOLOGY; MIXTURES; PRESSURE; MOBILITY; FRONTS AB Catastrophic dense granular flows, such as occur in rock avalanches, debris flows and pyroclastic flows, move as fully shearing mixtures that have approximately 60 vol.% solids and tend to segregate to form coarse-grained fronts and leveed channels. Levees restrict spreading of unconfined flows and form as coarse particles that become concentrated in the top of the flow are transported to the front and then advect to the sides in the flow head. Channels from which most material has drained away down slope are commonly lined with fine-grained deposit, widely thought to remain from the tail of the waning flow. We show how segregation in experimental dense flows of carborundum or sand (300-425 mu m) mixed with spherical fine ballotini (150-250 mu m), on rough slopes of 27-29 degrees, produces fine-grained channel linings that are deposited with the levees, into which they grade laterally. Maximum runout distance is attained with mixtures containing 30-40% sand, just sufficient to segregate and form levees that are adequately robust to restrict the spreading attributable to the low-friction fines. Resin impregnation and serial sectioning of deliberately arrested experimental flows shows how fines-lined levees form from the flow head; the flows create their own stable 'conduit' entirely from the front, which in a geophysical context can play an important mechanistic role in facilitating runout The flow self-organization ensures that low-friction fines at the base of the segregated channel flow shear over fine-grained substrate in the channel, thus reducing frictional energy losses. We propose that in pyroclastic flows and debris flows, which have considerable mobility attributable to pore-fluid pressures, such fine-grained flow-contact zones form similarly and not only reduce frictional energy losses but also reduce flow-substrate permeability so as to enhance pore-fluid pressure retention. Thus the granular flow self-organization that produces fine-grained channel linings can be an important factor in facilitating long runout of catastrophic geophysical flows on the low slopes (few degrees) of depositional fans and aprons around mountains and volcanoes. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kokelaar, B. P.; Graham, R. L.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. [Gray, J. M. N. T.] Univ Manchester, Sch Math, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Gray, J. M. N. T.] Univ Manchester, Manchester Ctr Nonlinear Dynam, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Vallance, J. W.] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Kokelaar, BP (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. EM p.kokelaar@liverpool.ac.uk RI Gray, John/D-2269-2009 OI Gray, John/0000-0003-3554-0499 FU NERC [NE/K003011/1, NE/E003206/1] FX This research was supported by NERC grants NE/K003011/1 and NE/E003206/1. We are grateful to Jon Major, Christophe Ancey and an anonymous reviewer for comments that considerably improved the paper, to John Kavanagh and Phil Robson at the University of Liverpool for assistance in building the rig, and to Helen Kokelaar for managing the references. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 385 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.043 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA3WD UT WOS:000331025000019 ER PT J AU Peek, KM Mallinson, DJ Culver, SJ Mahan, SA AF Peek, Katie McDowell Mallinson, David J. Culver, Stephen J. Mahan, Shannon A. TI Holocene Geologic Development of the Cape Hatteras Region, Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Foraminifera; geophysics; seismic; ground penetrating radar; optically stimulated luminescence; Pamlico Sound ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-LEVEL RISE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; ALBEMARLE EMBAYMENT; SEDIMENTARY RECORD; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; BARRIER-ISLANDS; PAMLICO SOUND; GUICHEN BAY AB Micropaleontological, geophysical, and chronologic data indicate that normal salinity conditions occurred over currently estuarine back-barrier areas of the Outer Banks of eastern North Carolina during the peak of the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Sedimentary units several meters thick, containing foraminiferal assemblages usually found on the continental shelf of North Carolina, are present in 16 vibracores acquired from the shallow shoals of Pamlico Sound behind Cape Hatteras. Optically stimulated luminescence age estimates from these normal salinity units range from approximately 1360 to 980 calibrated years (cal yr) BP, corresponding with a previously documented collapse of a segment of the southern Outer Banks. It is vital to understand past scenarios of barrier island formation and segmentation to provide insight on how these islands may react to future change in climate and sea level. C1 [Peek, Katie McDowell; Mallinson, David J.; Culver, Stephen J.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27848 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Luminescence Dating Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Peek, KM (reprint author), Western Carolina Univ, Program Study Developed Shorelines, Belk 294, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. EM kmcdowell@wcu.edu OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU United States Geological Survey [02ERAG0044] FX We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Stanley Riggs, Dorothea Ames, Jim Watson, John Woods, and numerous graduate students at East Carolina University. Also thanks to Robert Young and staff at the Program for the Study of Developed Shorelines at Western Carolina University. We would also like to thank all the reviewers who provided insight into this manuscript. This project was funded by the United States Geological Survey pursuant to cooperative agreement 02ERAG0044. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00192.1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AA3UR UT WOS:000331020700005 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Converse, SJ AF Royle, J. Andrew Converse, Sarah J. TI Hierarchical spatial capture-recapture models: modelling population density in stratified populations SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; data augmentation; density estimation; small-mammal trapping; spatial capture-recapture ID DATA AUGMENTATION; FORESTS AB Capture-recapture studies are often conducted on populations that are stratified by space, time or other factors. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian spatial capture-recapture (SCR) modelling framework for stratified populations - when sampling occurs within multiple distinct spatial and temporal strata. We describe a hierarchical model that integrates distinct models for both the spatial encounter history data from capture-recapture sampling, and also for modelling variation in density among strata. We use an implementation of data augmentation to parameterize the model in terms of a latent categorical stratum or group membership variable, which provides a convenient implementation in popular BUGS software packages. We provide an example application to an experimental study involving small-mammal sampling on multiple trapping grids over multiple years, where the main interest is in modelling a treatment effect on population density among the trapping grids. Many capture-recapture studies involve some aspect of spatial or temporal replication that requires some attention to modelling variation among groups or strata. We propose a hierarchical model that allows explicit modelling of group or strata effects. Because the model is formulated for individual encounter histories and is easily implemented in the BUGS language and other free software, it also provides a general framework for modelling individual effects, such as are present in SCR models. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew; Converse, Sarah J.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM andy_royle@usgs.gov OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 5 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12135 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA0MQ UT WOS:000330789600005 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Liu, SG AF Wu, Yiping Liu, Shuguang TI Improvement of the R-SWAT-FME framework to support multiple variables and multi-objective functions SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Calibration; FME; Monte Carlo; R; Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses; SWAT ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; BAYESIAN-APPROACH; CATCHMENT MODELS; LAND-USE; POLLUTION AB Application of numerical models is a common practice in the environmental field for investigation and prediction of natural and anthropogenic processes. However, process knowledge, parameter identifiability, sensitivity, and uncertainty analyses are still a challenge for large and complex mathematical models such as the hydrological/water quality model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). In this study, the previously developed R program language-SWAT-Flexible Modeling Environment (R-SWAT-FME) was improved to support multiple model variables and objectives at multiple time steps (i.e., daily, monthly, and annually). This expansion is significant because there is usually more than one variable (e.g., water, nutrients, and pesticides) of interest for environmental models like SWAT. To further facilitate its easy use, we also simplified its application requirements without compromising its merits, such as the user-friendly interface. To evaluate the performance of the improved framework, we used a case study focusing on both streamflow and nitrate nitrogen in the Upper Iowa River Basin (above Marengo) in the United States. Results indicated that the R-SWAT-FME performs well and is comparable to the built-in auto-calibration tool in multi-objective model calibration. Overall, the enhanced R-SWAT-FME can be useful for the SWAT community, and the methods we used can also be valuable for wrapping potential R packages with other environmental models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wu, Yiping] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Wu, YP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ywu@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884 FU NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program; Land Carbon Project (GEMS Modeling); U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program; USGS [G08PC91508] FX This study was funded by the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program, Land Carbon Project (GEMS Modeling), and U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program. This work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government We thank Lei Ji and Thomas Adamson for comments on the early version of this manuscript and thank Sandra Cooper (USGS) for further check. We are also grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their invaluable comments and suggestions. NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 466 BP 455 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.048 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300VH UT WOS:000330491600049 PM 23933430 ER PT J AU Balistrieri, LS Mebane, CA AF Balistrieri, Laurie S. Mebane, Christopher A. TI Predicting the toxicity of metal mixtures SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Metal mixtures; Metal toxicity; Biotic ligand model; BLM; Trout ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; RAINBOW-TROUT; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; FRESH-WATERS; ION-BINDING; AQUATIC TOXICITY; ACTING CHEMICALS AB The toxicity of single and multiple metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) solutions to trout is predicted using an approach that combines calculations of: (1) solution speciation; (2) competition and accumulation of cations (H, Ca, Mg, Na, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) on low abundance, high affinity and high abundance, low affinity biotic ligand sites; (3) a toxicity function that accounts for accumulation and potency of individual toxicants; and (4) biological response. The approach is evaluated by examining water composition from single metal toxicity tests of trout at 50% mortality, results of theoretical calculations of metal accumulation on fish gills and associated mortality for single, binary, ternary, and quaternary metal solutions, and predictions for a field site impacted by acid rock drainage. These evaluations indicate that toxicity of metal mixtures depends on the relative affinity and potency of toxicants for a given aquatic organism, suites of metals in the mixture, dissolved metal concentrations and ratios, and background solution composition (temperature, pH, and concentrations of major ions and dissolved organic carbon). A composite function that incorporates solution composition, affinity and competition of cations for two types of biotic ligand sites, and potencies of hydrogen and individual metals is proposed as a tool to evaluate potential toxicity of environmental solutions to trout Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Balistrieri, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Balistrieri, LS (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Box 355351, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM balistri@usgs.gov; cmebane@usgs.gov RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 FU USGS Mineral Resources Program; Metals Environmental Research Associations (MERA) FX This work was funded by the USGS Mineral Resources Program and the Metals Environmental Research Associations (MERA), which include the Copper Development Associations (CDA), International Copper Association (ICA), International Zinc Association (IZA), and Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA). We also wish to acknowledge helpful discussions on metal mixture modeling with colleagues at the MERA-sponsored Metal Mixtures Research Meeting in Toronto, Canada in June 2011 and the Metal Mixture Modeling Evaluation Workshop in Brussels, Belgium in May 2012. Thoughtful reviews of an earlier draft of this paper by Eric Van Genderen, Joe Meyer, and two anonymous scientists are greatly appreciated. NR 63 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 466 BP 788 EP 799 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.034 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300VH UT WOS:000330491600084 PM 23973545 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Focazio, MJ Engle, M AF Hladik, Michelle L. Focazio, Michael J. Engle, Mark TI Discharges of produced waters from oil and gas extraction via wastewater treatment plants are sources of disinfection by-products to receiving streams SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Disinfection by-products; Wastewater; Produced waters; Dibromochloronitromethane; Brominated DBPs; Iodinated DBPs ID DRINKING-WATER; TRIHALOMETHANE FORMATION; AMINO-ACIDS; HALONITROMETHANE; CHLORINATION; GENOTOXICITY; BROMIDE; NITRITE; PH AB Fluids co-produced with oil and gas production (produced waters) are often brines that contain elevated concentrations of bromide. Bromide is an important precursor of several toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs) and the treatment of produced water may lead to more brominated DBPs. To determine if wastewater treatment plants that accept produced waters discharge greater amounts of brominated DBPs, water samples were collected in Pennsylvania from four sites along a large river including an upstream site, a site below a publicly owned wastewater treatment plant (POTW) outfall (does not accept produced water), a site below an oil and gas commercial wastewater treatment plant (CWT) outfall, and downstream of the POTW and CWT. of 29 DBPs analyzed, the site at the POTW outfall had the highest number detected (six) ranging in concentration from 0.01 to 0.09 mu g L-1 with a similar mixture of DBPs that have been detected at POTW outfalls elsewhere in the United States. The DBP profile at the CWT outfall was much different, although only two DBPs, dibromochloronitromethane (DBCNM) and chloroform, were detected, DBCNM was found at relatively high concentrations (up to 8.5 mu g L-1). The water at the CWT outfall also had a mixture of inorganic and organic precursors including elevated concentrations of bromide (75 mg L-1) and other organic DBP precursors (phenol at 15 mu g L-1). To corroborate these DBP results, samples were collected in Pennsylvania from additional POTW and CWT outfalls that accept produced waters. The additional CWT also had high concentrations of DBCNM (3.1 mu g L-1) while the POTWs that accept produced waters had elevated numbers (up to 15) and concentrations of DBPs, especially brominated and iodinated THMs (up to 12 mu g L-1 total THM concentration). Therefore, produced water brines that have been disinfected are potential sources of DBPs along with DBP precursors to streams wherever these wastewaters are discharged. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Focazio, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Tox Subst Hydrol Program, Environm Hlth Mission Area, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Engle, Mark] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Engle, Mark] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Hladik, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov; mfocazio@usgs.gov; engle@usgs.gov OI Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712; Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX We would like to thank Drew Reif, Adam Benthem and Katie Skalak for collecting the samples. Megan McWayne and Corey Sanders helped with the sample processing. Funding was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 466 BP 1085 EP 1093 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.008 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300VH UT WOS:000330491600115 PM 23994821 ER PT J AU Yorke, EH Judy, CE Saveraid, TC McGowan, CP Caldwell, FJ AF Yorke, Elizabeth H. Judy, Carter E. Saveraid, Travis C. McGowan, Conor P. Caldwell, Fred J. TI DISTAL BORDER FRAGMENTS OF THE EQUINE NAVICULAR BONE: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL LAMENESS SO VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND LA English DT Article DE distal border fragments; MRI; navicular ID HORSES; FEATURES; DISEASE AB Distal border fragments of the navicular bone are increasingly being detected due to the improved capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but their clinical significance remains unclear. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the location, size, and frequency of fragments in a cohort of horses presented for MRI of the foot and to compare MRI findings with severity of lameness. Archived MRI studies and medical records were searched from March 2006 to June 2008. Horses were included if a distal border fragment of the navicular bone was visible in MRI scans. Confidence interval comparisons and linear regression analyses were used to test hypotheses that fragments were associated with lameness and lameness severity was positively correlated with fragment volume and biaxial location. A total of 453 horses (874 limbs) were included. Fragments were identified in 60 horses (13.25%) and 90 limbs (10.3%). Fifty percent of the horses had unilateral fragments and 50% had bilateral fragments. Fragments were located at the lateral (62.2%), medial (8.89%), or medial and lateral (28.9%) angles of the distal border of the navicular bone. There was no increased probability of being categorized as lame if a fragment was present. There was no significant difference in fragment volume across lameness severity categorizations. Confidence intervals indicated a slightly increased probability of being classified as lame if both medial and lateral fragments were present. Findings indicated that distal border fragments of the navicular bone in equine MRI studies are unlikely to be related to existing lameness. (C) 2013 American College of Veterinary Radiology. C1 [Yorke, Elizabeth H.; Caldwell, Fred J.] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Judy, Carter E.] Alamo Pintado Equine Med Ctr, Los Olivos, CA 93441 USA. [Saveraid, Travis C.] Vet Radiologist LLC, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [McGowan, Conor P.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Yorke, EH (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 1500 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM ehy@auburn.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1058-8183 EI 1740-8261 J9 VET RADIOL ULTRASOUN JI Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound PD JAN PY 2014 VL 55 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1111/vru.12082 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 304IZ UT WOS:000330741600009 PM 23890103 ER PT J AU Jiang, J DeAngelis, DL Anderson, GH Smith, TJ AF Jiang, Jiang DeAngelis, Donald L. Anderson, Gordon H. Smith, Thomas J., III TI Analysis and Simulation of Propagule Dispersal and Salinity Intrusion from Storm Surge on the Movement of a Marsh-Mangrove Ecotone in South Florida SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Storm surge; Mangrove; Freshwater marsh; Ecotone; Overwash; Regime shift; Region of bistability; Alternative stable states ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIDAL MARSH; VEGETATION CHANGE; COASTAL WETLANDS; HURRICANE-RITA; WATER-LEVEL; SALT-MARSH; FOREST; EVERGLADES AB Coastal mangrove-freshwater marsh ecotones of the Everglades represent transitions between marine salt-tolerant halophytic and freshwater salt-intolerant glycophytic communities. It is hypothesized here that a self-reinforcing feedback, termed a "vegetation switch," between vegetation and soil salinity, helps maintain the sharp mangrove-marsh ecotone. A general theoretical implication of the switch mechanism is that the ecotone will be stable to small disturbances but vulnerable to rapid regime shifts from large disturbances, such as storm surges, which could cause large spatial displacements of the ecotone. We develop a simulation model to describe the vegetation switch mechanism. The model couples vegetation dynamics and hydrologic processes. The key factors in the model are the amount of salt-water intrusion into the freshwater wetland and the passive transport of mangrove (e.g., Rhizophora mangle) viviparous seeds or propagules. Results from the model simulations indicate that a regime shift from freshwater marsh to mangroves is sensitive to the duration of soil salinization through storm surge overwash and to the density of mangrove propagules or seedlings transported into the marsh. We parameterized our model with empirical hydrologic data collected from the period 2000-2010 at one mangrove-marsh ecotone location in southwestern Florida to forecast possible long-term effects of Hurricane Wilma (24 October 2005). The model indicated that the effects of that storm surge were too weak to trigger a regime shift at the sites we studied, 50 km south of the Hurricane Wilma eyewall, but simulations with more severe artificial disturbances were capable of causing substantial regime shifts. C1 [Jiang, Jiang] Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.; Anderson, Gordon H.; Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Jiang, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jjiang@nimbios.org RI Jiang, Jiang/H-1080-2012 OI Jiang, Jiang/0000-0001-5058-8664 FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF [EF-0832858]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville; USGS project "A land of flowers on a latitude of deserts"; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; FISCHS Project ( Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species) at the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center; USGS Ecosystems Mapping; USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science; National Science Foundation [DBI-0620409] FX We appreciate the thorough and helpful reviews of two reviewers for the journal and one for USGS peer review. JJ was supported as Postdoctoral Fellow at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, an Institute sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSFAward #EF-0832858, with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. This research was partially supported the USGS project "A land of flowers on a latitude of deserts" funded by the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center and supported by the FISCHS Project (Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species) at the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center, funded by USGS Ecosystems Mapping and the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. This material was developed in collaboration with the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under National Science Foundation Grant No. DBI-0620409. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9666-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 302FP UT WOS:000330588000002 ER PT J AU Hayes, GP McNamara, DE Seidman, L Roger, J AF Hayes, Gavin P. McNamara, Daniel E. Seidman, Lily Roger, Jean TI Quantifying potential earthquake and tsunami hazard in the Lesser Antilles subduction zone of the Caribbean region SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Tsunamis; Earthquake ground motions; Seismicity and tectonics; Subduction zone processes; Atlantic Ocean ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; PLATE BOUNDARY; SEISMIC HAZARD; OBLIQUE COLLISION; ASEISMIC RIDGES; ARC; TECTONICS; ISLANDS; RUPTURE AB In this study, we quantify the seismic and tsunami hazard in the Lesser Antilles subduction zone, focusing on the plate interface offshore of Guadeloupe. We compare potential strain accumulated via GPS-derived plate motions to strain release due to earthquakes that have occurred over the past 110 yr, and compute the resulting moment deficit. Our results suggest that enough strain is currently stored in the seismogenic zone of the Lesser Antilles subduction arc in the region of Guadeloupe to cause a large and damaging earthquake of magnitude M-w similar to 8.2 +/- 0.4. We model several scenario earthquakes over this magnitude range, using a variety of earthquake magnitudes and rupture areas, and utilizing the USGS ShakeMap and PAGER software packages. Strong ground shaking during the earthquake will likely cause loss of life and damage estimated to be in the range of several tens to several hundreds of fatalities and hundreds of millions to potentially billions of U. S. dollars of damage. In addition, such an event could produce a significant tsunami. Modelled tsunamis resulting from these scenario earthquakes predict meter-scale wave amplitudes even for events at the lower end of our magnitude range (M 7.8), and heights of over 3 m in several locations with our favoured scenario (M 8.0, partially locked interface from 15-45 km depth). In all scenarios, only short lead-times (on the order of tens of minutes) would be possible in the Caribbean before the arrival of damaging waves. C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.; McNamara, Daniel E.; Seidman, Lily] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Roger, Jean] Univ Antilles Guyane, UFR Sci Exactes & Nat, F-97157 Pointe a Pitre, Guadeloupe. RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 196 IS 1 BP 510 EP 521 DI 10.1093/gji/ggt385 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 301MH UT WOS:000330535900036 ER PT J AU Kelly, FP Holm, TM AF Kelly, Frank P. Holm, Thomas M. TI Landsat: Sustaining Earth Observations Beyond Landsat 8 SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kelly, Frank P.; Holm, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Reston, VA 77315 USA. RP Kelly, FP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Reston, VA 77315 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 80 IS 1 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 301ST UT WOS:000330553100003 ER PT J AU Stoker, JM Cochrane, MA Roy, DP AF Stoker, Jason M. Cochrane, Mark A. Roy, David P. TI Integrating Disparate Lidar Data at the National Scale to Assess the Relationships between Height Above Ground, Land Cover and Ecoregions SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MAPPING CANOPY HEIGHT; SMALL-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; AIRBORNE LASER DATA; TREE HEIGHT; ECOLOGICAL REGIONS; MULTISPECTRAL DATA; FOREST STRUCTURE; PINE FORESTS; SCANNER DATA AB With the acquisition of lidar data for over 30 percent of the US, it is now possible to assess the three-dimensional distribution of features at the national scale. This paper integrates over 350 billion lidar points from 28 disparate datasets into a national-scale database and evaluates if height above ground is an important variable in the context of other national-scale layers, such as the US Geological Survey National Land Cover Database and the US Environmental Protection Agency ecoregions maps. While the results were not homoscedastic and the available data did not allow for a complete height census in any of the classes, it does appear that where lidar data were used, there were detectable differences in heights among many of these national classification schemes. This study supports the hypothesis that there were real, detectable differences in heights in certain national-scale classification schemes, despite height not being a variable used in any of the classification routines. C1 [Stoker, Jason M.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Stoker, Jason M.; Cochrane, Mark A.; Roy, David P.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Stoker, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jstoker@usgs.gov OI Stoker, Jason/0000-0003-2455-0931 NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 80 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 301ST UT WOS:000330553100008 ER PT J AU Wu, ZT Thenkabail, PS Verdin, JP AF Wu, Zhuoting Thenkabail, Prasad S. Verdin, James P. TI Automated Cropland Classification Algorithm (ACCA) for California Using Multi-sensor Remote Sensing SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; TIME-SERIES; MODIS DATA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; IRRIGATED AREAS; FOOD SECURITY; LAND-COVER; NDVI DATA; BASIN; INFORMATION AB Increasing pressure to feed the growing population with scarce water resources requires accurate and routine cropland mapping. This paper develops and implements a rule-based automated cropland classification algorithm (AccA) using multi-sensor remote sensing data. Pixel-by-pixel accuracy assessments showed that ACCA produced an overall accuracy of >= 96 percent (K-hat = 0.8) when tested using independent data layers. Furthermore, AccA-generated county cropland areas showed high agreement (R-square values >= 0.94) when compared with three independent data sources: (a) US Department of Agriculture (USDA) cropland data layer derived cropland areas, (b) county specific crop acreage data from the Farm Service Agency, and (c) the Census of Agriculture data for the 58 counties in California. Our results demonstrate the ability of ACCA to generate cropland extent and areas over space and time, in an automated fashion with high degree of accuracies year after year, greatly contributing to food and water security analysis and decision making. C1 [Wu, Zhuoting; Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wu, Zhuoting] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Verdin, James P.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wu, ZT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM zwu@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's (USGS); USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) and Land Remote Sensing (LRS) FX This work is supported by the US Geological Survey's (USGS) WATERSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) project and Famine Early Warning Network (FEWSNET) project. Special thanks to Dr. Eric Evenson and Dr. James Rowland of USGS for their insights, support, and collaboration. Inputs and comments on algorithm development from the team members of the USGS Powell Center working group on global croplands (http://powellcenterusgs.gov/current_projects.php#GlobalCroplandMembers) are deeply appreciated. Review comments from Dr. John Jones and Dr. Chandra Giri of USGS, and three anonymous journal reviewers are acknowledged. Funding support from USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) and Land Remote Sensing (LRS) programs are gratefully acknowledged. The use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 80 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 301ST UT WOS:000330553100010 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Pratt, GF Mullins, TD Haig, SM AF Miller, Mark P. Pratt, Gordon F. Mullins, Thomas D. Haig, Susan M. TI COMPARISONS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN CAPTIVE VERSUS WILD POPULATIONS OF THE FEDERALLY ENDANGERED QUINO CHECKERSPOT BUTTERFLY (EUPHYDRYAS EDITHA QUINO BEHR; LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE endangered species; captive propagation; microsatellite markers ID CONSERVATION GENETICS; SMALL NUMBER; HETEROZYGOSITY; PROGRAMS; RECOVERY; ALLELES AB Captive populations can play a significant role in threatened and endangered species management. An important consideration when developing and managing captive populations, however, is the maintenance of genetic diversity to ensure that adequate variation exists to avoid the negative consequences of inbreeding. In this investigation, we compared genetic diversity patterns within captive and wild populations of the federally endangered Quino checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha quino Behr [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]), a taxon with a restricted distribution to chaparral and sage shrublands within Riverside and San Diego counties, California. Our analyses revealed that medium to high-frequency alleles from the wild populations were also present in the captive populations. While there was no significant difference in genetic diversity as quantified by expected heterozygosity, the captive populations showed tendencies toward significantly lower allelic richness than their wild counterparts. Given that alleles from the wild populations were occasionally not detected in captive populations, periodic incorporation of new wild specimens into the captive population would help ensure that allelic diversity is maintained to the extent possible. If performed in advance, genetic surveys of wild populations may provide the clearest insights regarding the number of individuals needed in captivity to adequately reflect wild populations. C1 [Miller, Mark P.; Mullins, Thomas D.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pratt, Gordon F.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this research was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank C. Switzer for helping rear this endangered checkerspot in captivity and for providing the captive specimens that served as the basis for this investigation. A. Mikheyev and M. Singer provided microsatellite data for the wild Quino checkerspot butterflies included in our analysis. D. Finn provided helpful comments on an earlier manuscript draft. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 26 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.116.1.80 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 300VR UT WOS:000330492600005 ER PT J AU Rigge, M Smart, A Wylie, B Kamp, KV AF Rigge, Matthew Smart, Alexander Wylie, Bruce Kamp, Kendall Vande TI Detecting the Influence of Best Management Practices on Vegetation Near Ephemeral Streams With Landsat Data SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE best management practice (BMP); livestock grazing; northern mixed-grass prairie; off-stream water; rangeland; riparian areas ID WATER-QUALITY; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; CATTLE; IMPACTS; IMAGERY AB Various best management practices (BMPs) have been implemented on rangelands with the goals of controlling nonpoint source pollution, reducing the impact of livestock in ecologically important riparian areas, and improving grazing distribution. Providing off-stream water sources to livestock in pastures, cross-fencing, and rotational grazing are common rangeland BMPs that have demonstrated success in drawing livestock grazing pressure away from streams. We evaluated the effects of rangeland BMP implementation with six commercial-scale pastures in the northern mixed-grass prairie. Four pastures received a BMP suite consisting of off-stream water, cross-fencing, and deferred-rotation grazing, and two pastures did not receive BMPs. We hypothesized that the BMPs increased the quantity of riparian vegetation cover relative to the conditions in these pastures during the pre-BMP period and to the two pastures that did not receive BMPs. We used a series of 30-m Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images to track the spatial and temporal changes (1984-2010, n=24) in vegetation cover, to which NDVI has been well correlated. Validation indicated that the remotely sensed signal from in-channel vegetation was representative of ground conditions. The BMP suite was associated with a 15% increase in the in-channel NDVI (0-30 m from stream centerline) and 18% increase in the riparian NDVI (30-180 m from stream center line). Conversely, the in-channel and riparian NDVI of non-BMP pastures declined 30% and 18% over the study period. The majority of change occurred within 2 yr of BMP implementation. The patterns of in-channel NDVI among pastures suggested that BMP implementation likely altered grazing distribution by decreasing the preferential use of riparian and in-channel areas. We demonstrated that satellite imagery time series are useful in retrospectively evaluating the efficacy of conservation practices, providing critical information to guide adaptive management and decision makers. C1 [Rigge, Matthew] Arctic Slope Reg Corp Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Smart, Alexander; Kamp, Kendall Vande] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wylie, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Rigge, M (reprint author), USGS EROS Data Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM mrigge@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Rigge, Matthew/0000-0003-4471-8009 FU USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) [2009-51130-06014]; USGS Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program FX Research was funded by the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) 2009-51130-06014 and the USGS Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 67 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00185.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300WW UT WOS:000330495700001 ER PT J AU Veblen, KE Pyke, DA Aldridge, CL Casazza, ML Assal, TJ Farinha, MA AF Veblen, Kari E. Pyke, David A. Aldridge, Cameron L. Casazza, Michael L. Assal, Timothy J. Farinha, Melissa A. TI Monitoring of Livestock Grazing Effects on Bureau of Land Management Land SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE land health status; land use impacts; public lands; rangeland health; sagebrush steppe ID LOCAL KNOWLEDGE; RANGELAND; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; USA AB Public land management agencies, such as the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), are charged with managing rangelands throughout the western United States for multiple uses, such as livestock grazing and conservation of sensitive species and their habitats. Monitoring of condition and trends of these rangelands, particularly with respect to effects of livestock grazing, provides critical information for effective management of these multiuse landscapes. We therefore investigated the availability of livestock grazing-related quantitative monitoring data and qualitative region-specific Land Health Standards (LHS) data across BLM grazing allotments in the western United States. We then queried university and federal rangeland science experts about how best to prioritize rangeland monitoring activities. We found that the most commonly available monitoring data were permittee-reported livestock numbers and season-of-use data (71% of allotments) followed by repeat photo points (58%), estimates of forage utilization (52%), and, finally, quantitative vegetation measurements (37%). Of the 57% of allotments in which LHS had been evaluated as of 2007, the BLM indicated 15% had failed to meet LHS due to livestock grazing. A full complement of all types of monitoring data, however, existed for only 27% of those 15%. Our data inspections, as well as conversations with rangeland experts, indicated a need for greater emphasis on collection of grazing-related monitoring data, particularly ground cover. Prioritization of where monitoring activities should be focused, along with creation of regional monitoring teams, may help improve monitoring. Overall, increased emphasis on monitoring of BLM rangelands will require commitment at multiple institutional levels. C1 [Veblen, Kari E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ Cooperat US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ Cooperat US Geol Survey, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Assal, Timothy J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Farinha, Melissa A.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Napa, CA 94558 USA. RP Veblen, KE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kari.veblen@usu.edu RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; Veblen, Kari/D-1439-2012; OI Veblen, Kari/0000-0001-7523-3368; casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X; Assal, Timothy/0000-0001-6342-2954 FU US Geological Survey Sagebrush Ecosystems Coordinated Research (SECR) FX Research was funded as a part of US Geological Survey Sagebrush Ecosystems Coordinated Research (SECR). NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 41 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 67 IS 1 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00178.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300WW UT WOS:000330495700009 ER PT J AU Zipkin, EF Thorson, JT See, K Lynch, HJ Grant, EHC Kanno, Y Chandler, RB Letcher, BH Royle, JA AF Zipkin, Elise F. Thorson, James T. See, Kevin Lynch, Heather J. Grant, Evan H. Campbell Kanno, Yoichiro Chandler, Richard B. Letcher, Benjamin H. Royle, J. Andrew TI Modeling structured population dynamics using data from unmarked individuals SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Desmognathus fuscus; detection probability; N-mixture model; northern dusky salamander; stage-structured models; state-space models ID AFTER CONTROL-IMPACT; DESMOGNATHUS-FUSCUS; DUSKY SALAMANDER; COUNTS; ERROR AB The study of population dynamics requires unbiased, precise estimates of abundance and vital rates that account for the demographic structure inherent in all wildlife and plant populations. Traditionally, these estimates have only been available through approaches that rely on intensive mark-recapture data. We extended recently developed N-mixture models to demonstrate how demographic parameters and abundance can be estimated for structured populations using only stage-structured count data. Our modeling framework can be used to make reliable inferences on abundance as well as recruitment, immigration, stage-specific survival, and detection rates during sampling. We present a range of simulations to illustrate the data requirements, including the number of years and locations necessary for accurate and precise parameter estimates. We apply our modeling framework to a population of northern dusky salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus) in the mid-Atlantic region (USA) and find that the population is unexpectedly declining. Our approach represents a valuable advance in the estimation of population dynamics using multistate data from unmarked individuals and should additionally be useful in the development of integrated models that combine data from intensive (e.g., mark-recapture) and extensive (e.g., counts) data sources. C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Royle, J. Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [See, Kevin] Quantitat Consultants Inc, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Lynch, Heather J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Kanno, Yoichiro; Letcher, Benjamin H.] USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ezipkin@msu.edu RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014; Thorson, James/O-7937-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016; OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496; Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. National Park Service FX The work in this manuscript was conducted as a part of the "Modeling species response to environmental change: development of integrated, scalable Bayesian models" Working Group supported by the USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. Data were collected with funding from the U.S. National Park Service. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript that greatly improved the final product. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 463 of the USGS Amphibian and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 88 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1890/13-1131.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291IR UT WOS:000329822900005 PM 24649642 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, JD Collins, SF Doyle, MW Tockner, K AF Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D. Collins, Scott F. Doyle, Martin W. Tockner, Klement TI How wide is a stream? Spatial extent of the potential "stream signature" in terrestrial food webs using meta-analysis SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic subsidies; dispersal; distance; food webs; insects; meta-analysis; stream ID ADULT AQUATIC INSECTS; RESOURCE SUBSIDIES; DESERT STREAM; LAND-USE; DISPERSAL; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; ABUNDANCE; CATCHMENTS; EMERGENCE AB The magnitude of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies is increasingly well recognized; however, less is known about the distance these subsidies travel into the recipient landscape. In streams and rivers, this distance can delimit the biological stream width, complementary to hydro-geomorphic measures (e.g., channel banks) that have typically defined stream ecosystem boundaries. In this study we used meta-analysis to define a stream signature on land that relates the stream-to-land subsidy to distance. The 50% stream signature, for example, identifies the point on the landscape where subsidy resources are still at half of their maximum (in- or near-stream) level. The decay curve for these data was best fit by a negative power function in which the 50% stream signature was concentrated near stream banks (1.5 m), but a non-trivial (10%) portion of the maximum subsidy level was still found >0.5 km from the water's edge. The meta-analysis also identified explanatory variables that affect the stream signature. This improves our understanding of ecosystem conditions that permit spatially extensive subsidy transmission, such as in highly productive, middle-order streams and rivers. Resultant multivariate models from this analysis may be useful to managers implementing buffer rules and conservation strategies for stream and riparian function, as they facilitate prediction of the extent of subsidies. Our results stress that much of the subsidy remains near the stream, but also that subsidies (and aquatic organisms) are capable of long-distance dispersal into adjacent environments, and that the effective biological stream width of stream and river ecosystems is often much larger than has been defined by hydro-geomorphic metrics alone. Limited data available from marine and lake sources overlap well with the stream signature data, indicating that the signature approach may also be applicable to subsidy spatial dynamics across other ecosystems. C1 [Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Environm & Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Collins, Scott F.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Doyle, Martin W.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tockner, Klement] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries I, Berlin, Germany. [Tockner, Klement] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biol, Berlin, Germany. RP Muehlbauer, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jmuehlbauer@usgs.gov RI Tockner, Klement/G-9265-2011; Muehlbauer, Jeffrey/G-3607-2011; OI Muehlbauer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1808-580X; Tockner, Klement/0000-0002-0038-8151 FU NSF [BCS-0441504]; IGB; UNC Royster Society FX We thank all of the authors whose papers provided the source data for this meta-analysis and who made this study possible. D. Dudgeon, J. Wesner, K. Collier, D. Finn, Z. Kovats, M. Winterbourn, G. Petts, M. Griffith, P. Wiberg-Larsen, T. Iwata, Henschel, A. Huusko, and S. Bunn pi Os information that filled-in data gaps, which greatly improved the, quality of our results. J. Weiss gave statistical advice regarding model fining and the distribution of the metadata. Comments by L. Marczak and an anonymous reviewer substantially Unproved the manuscript. This is was supported by NSF grant BCS-0441504 to M. Doyle and by IGB and UNC Royster Society fellowships to J. Muehlbauer. NR 46 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 69 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1890/12-1628.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291IR UT WOS:000329822900008 PM 24649645 ER PT J AU Blehert, DS Maluping, RP Green, DE Berlowski-Zier, BM Ballmann, AE Langenberg, JA AF Blehert, David S. Maluping, Ramon P. Green, D. Earl Berlowski-Zier, Brenda M. Ballmann, Anne E. Langenberg, Julia A. TI Acute Pasteurellosis in Wild Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME AB We report acute fatal pasteurellosis in wild big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Wisconsin, USA. Mortality of approximately 100 bats was documented over 4 wk, with no evidence for predatory injuries. Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 was isolated from multiple internal organs from four of five bats examined postmortem. C1 [Blehert, David S.; Green, D. Earl; Berlowski-Zier, Brenda M.; Ballmann, Anne E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Maluping, Ramon P.] CTDS Vet Labs, Leeds LS15 7BD, W Yorkshire, England. [Langenberg, Julia A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov FU Society for Applied Microbiology fellowship FX We acknowledge a Society for Applied Microbiology fellowship to R.P.M. We thank K. Egstad and R. Long for conducting virus PCR and culture analyses and V. Shearri-Bochsler for helpful discussions. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 136 EP 139 DI 10.7589/2012-02-063 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297KJ UT WOS:000330254000020 PM 24171580 ER PT J AU Medeiros, AC von Allmen, EI Chimera, CG AF Medeiros, A. C. von Allmen, E. I. Chimera, C. G. TI Dry Forest Restoration and Unassisted Native Tree Seedling Recruitment at Auwahi, Maui SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCED BIRDS; CONSERVATION; GRASS; DISPERSAL; RODENTS; HAWAII AB Efforts to restore highly degraded but biologically significant forests draw from a limited toolbox. With less than 10% of their former distribution remaining, Hawaiian dry forests, though critically endangered, remain important biological and cultural refugia. At restoration onset (1997), vegetation of restoration and control areas of degraded Auwahi dry forest, Maui Island, was similar, dominated by nonnative graminoids (restoration 78.3%; control 75.4%), especially Cenchrus (Pennisetum) clandestinus. In 2012, unrestored control area vegetation was basically unchanged. In contrast, in the restoration area in 2012, native shrub cover increased from 3.1% to 81.9%, and cover of nonnative graminoids declined from 75.4% to 3.3%. In 2012, nonplanted seedlings of 14 of 22 native tree species and six of seven native shrub species were observed in restoration plots; the majority (99%) were five native (Dodonaea viscosa, Coprosma foliosa, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Chamaesyce celastoides, Nestegis sandwicensis) and one nonnative species (Bocconia frutescens). By 2012, stem counts of native woody plants had increased from 12.4 to 135.0/100 m(2), and native species diversity increased from 2.4 to 6.6/100 m(2). By 2012, seven rare dry forest tree species, Charpentiera obovata, Nothocestrum latifolium, Ochrosia haleakalae, Pleomele auwahiensis, Santalum ellipticum, S. haleakalae, and Streblus pendulinus, had established seedlings and/or saplings within the restoration site, especially notable because natural reproduction is largely lacking elsewhere. Without development and implementation of appropriate management strategies, remaining Hawaiian dry forest will likely disappear within the next century. Multicomponent restoration incorporating ungulate exclusion, weed control, and outplanting as described here offers one strategy to conserve and restore tracts of high-value but degraded forests. C1 [Medeiros, A. C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. [von Allmen, E. I.; Chimera, C. G.] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Medeiros, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 369, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. EM artcmedeiros@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Manuscript accepted 22 May 2013. Project funding provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 32 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 68 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.2984/68.1.3 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 295WJ UT WOS:000330146800003 ER PT J AU Powers, JG Duncan, CG Spraker, TR Schuler, BA Hess, SC Faford, JK Sin, H AF Powers, Jenny G. Duncan, Colleen G. Spraker, Terry R. Schuler, Bridget A. Hess, Steven C. Faford, Jonathan K. Sin, Hans TI Environmental Conditions Associated with Lesions in Introduced Free-Ranging Sheep in Hawai'i SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIGHORN SHEEP; KILAUEA VOLCANO; PNEUMONIA; ISLANDS; MOUFLON; MAMMALS AB Wildlife species that have been translocated between temperate and tropical regions of the world provide unique opportunities to understand how disease processes may be affected by environmental conditions. European mouflon sheep (Ovis gmelini musimon) from the Mediterranean islands were introduced to the Hawaiian Islands for sport hunting beginning in 1954 and were subsequently hybridized with feral domestic sheep (O. aries), which had been introduced in 1793. Three isolated mouflon populations have become established in the Hawaiian Islands, but diseases in these populations have been little studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare gross and histologic lesions in respiratory, renal, and hepatic systems of free-ranging sheep in two isolated volcanic environments on Hawai'i Island. Tissue and fecal samples were collected in conjunction with population reductions during February 2011. We found gross or histologic evidence of lungworm infection in 44/49 sheep from Mauna Loa that were exposed to gaseous emissions from Kilauea Volcano. In contrast, only 7/50 sheep from Mauna Kea had lesions consistent with lungworm, but Mauna Kea sheep had significantly more upper respiratory tract inflammation and hyperplasia consistent with chronic antigenic stimulation, possibly associated with exposure to fine airborne particulates during extended drought conditions. We hypothesize that gases from Kilauea Volcano contributed to severity of respiratory disease principally associated with chronic lungworm infections at Mauna Loa; however, there were numerous other potentially confounding environmental factors and interactions that merit further investigation. C1 [Powers, Jenny G.] Natl Pk Serv, Biol Resource Management Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Duncan, Colleen G.; Spraker, Terry R.; Schuler, Bridget A.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado State Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hess, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Faford, Jonathan K.] Natl Pk Serv, Div Resources Management, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Sin, Hans] State Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP Hess, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM shess@usgs.gov FU National Park Service Biological Resource Management Division; Invasive Species Programs of U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the National Park Service Biological Resource Management Division and the Invasive Species Programs of U.S. Geological Survey. Manuscript accepted 19 June 2013. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 68 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.2984/68.1.6 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 295WJ UT WOS:000330146800006 ER PT J AU Nagler, PL Pearlstein, S Glenn, EP Brown, TB Bateman, HL Bean, DW Hultine, KR AF Nagler, Pamela L. Pearlstein, Susanna Glenn, Edward P. Brown, Tim B. Bateman, Heather L. Bean, Dan W. Hultine, Kevin R. TI Rapid dispersal of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) biocontrol beetles (Diorhabda carinulata) on a desert river detected by phenocams, MODIS imagery and ground observations SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Beetle infestation; Remote monitoring; NDVI; EVI; Scaling ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; ENHANCED VEGETATION INDEX; REMOTE-SENSING METHODS; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; WESTERN US RIVERS; ESTIMATE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; EMPIRICAL ALGORITHM; VIRGIN RIVER; DEFOLIATION AB We measured the rate of dispersal of saltcedar leaf beetles (Diorhabda carinulata), a defoliating insect released on western rivers to control saltcedar shrubs (Tamarix spp.), on a 63 km reach of the Virgin River, U.S. Dispersal was measured by satellite imagery, ground surveys and phenocams. Pixels from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensors on the Terra satellite showed a sharp drop in NDVI in midsummer followed by recovery, correlated with defoliation events as revealed in networked digital camera images and ground surveys. Ground surveys and MODIS imagery showed that beetle damage progressed downstream at a rate of about 25 km yr(-1) in 2010 and 2011, producing a 50% reduction in saltcedar leaf area index and evapotranspiration by 2012, as estimated by algorithms based on MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index values and local meteorological data for Mesquite, Nevada. This reduction is the equivalent of 10.4% of mean annual river flows on this river reach. Our results confirm other observations that saltcedar beetles are dispersing much faster than originally predicted in pre-release biological assessments, presenting new challenges and opportunities for land, water and wildlife managers on western rivers. Despite relatively coarse resolution (250 m) and gridding artifacts, single MODIS pixels can be useful in tracking the effects of defoliating insects in riparian corridors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Nagler, Pamela L.] US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Pearlstein, Susanna; Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Brown, Tim B.] Australian Natl Univ, Div Plant Sci Ecol Evolut & Genet, ANU Coll Med Biol & Environm, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Bateman, Heather L.] Arizona State Univ, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Bean, Dan W.] Colorado Dept Agr Biol Pest Control, Palisade Lab, Palisades, CO 81526 USA. [Hultine, Kevin R.] Desert Bot Garden, Dept Res Conservat & Collect, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. EM pnagler@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Invasive Species program; Southwest Biological Science Center FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Geological Survey's Invasive Species program and the Southwest Biological Science Center for funding this research. The authors are grateful for the review of this manuscript by Dr. Zhouting Wu of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 BP 206 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.017 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 290NS UT WOS:000329766200018 ER PT J AU Hansen, MC Egorov, A Potapov, PV Stehman, SV Tyukavina, A Turubanova, SA Roy, DP Goetz, SJ Loveland, TR Ju, J Kommareddy, A Kovalskyy, V Forsyth, C Bents, T AF Hansen, M. C. Egorov, A. Potapov, P. V. Stehman, S. V. Tyukavina, A. Turubanova, S. A. Roy, D. P. Goetz, S. J. Loveland, T. R. Ju, J. Kommareddy, A. Kovalskyy, V. Forsyth, C. Bents, T. TI Monitoring conterminous United States (CONUS) land cover change with Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Change detection; Land cover; Landsat; Large area mapping; Validation ID ETM PLUS DATA; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; FOREST-COVER; TREE-COVER; AVHRR DATA; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; DISTURBANCE; RESOLUTION; SATELLITE AB Forest cover loss and bare ground gain from 2006 to 2010 for the conterminous United States (CONUS) were quantified at a 30 m spatial resolution using Web-Enabled Landsat Data available from the USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) (http://landsatusgs.gov/WELD.php). The approach related multi-temporal WELD metrics and expert-derived training data for forest cover loss and bare ground gain through a decision tree classification algorithm. Forest cover loss was reported at state and ecoregional scales, and the identification of core forests' absent of change was made and verified using LiDAR data from the GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimetry System) instrument. Bare ground gain correlated with population change for large metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) outside of desert or semi-desert environments. GoogleEarth (TM) time-series images were used to validate the products. Mapped forest cover loss totaled 53,084 km(2) and was found to be depicted conservatively, with a user's accuracy of 78% and a producer's accuracy of 68%. Excluding errors of adjacency, user's and producer's accuracies rose to 93% and 89%, respectively. Mapped bare ground gain equaled 5974 km(2) and nearly matched the estimated area from the reference (GoogleEarth (TM)) classification; however, user's (42%) and producer's (49%) accuracies were much less than those of the forest cover loss product. Excluding errors of adjacency, user's and producer's accuracies rose to 62% and 75%, respectively. Compared to recent 2001-2006 USGS National land Cover Database validation data for forest loss (82% and 30% for respective user's and producer's accuracies) and urban gain (72% and 18% for respective user's and producer's accuracies), results using a single CONUS-scale model with WELD data are promising and point to the potential for national-scale operational mapping of key land cover transitions. However, validation results highlighted limitations, some of which can be addressed by improving training data, creating a more robust image feature space, adding contemporaneous Landsat 5 data to the inputs, and modifying definition sets to account for differences in temporal and spatial observational scales. The presented land cover extent and change data are available via the official WELD website (ftp://weldftp.cr.usgs.gov/CONUS_5Y_LandCover/ftp://weldftp.cr.usgs.gov/CONUS_5Y_LandCover/). (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hansen, M. C.; Potapov, P. V.; Tyukavina, A.; Turubanova, S. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Egorov, A.; Roy, D. P.; Kommareddy, A.; Kovalskyy, V.; Forsyth, C.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Stehman, S. V.] SUNY Syracuse, Syracuse, NY USA. [Goetz, S. J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Loveland, T. R.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Ju, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bents, T.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Hansen, MC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mhansen@umd.edu RI Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015 OI Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308 NR 66 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 86 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 BP 466 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.014 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 290NS UT WOS:000329766200038 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Abouchami, W Galer, SJG Garrison, VH Williams, E Andreae, MO AF Kumar, A. Abouchami, W. Galer, S. J. G. Garrison, V. H. Williams, E. Andreae, M. O. TI A radiogenic isotope tracer study of transatlantic dust transport from Africa to the Caribbean SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Dust; Long-range transport; Africa; Caribbean; Radiogenic isotope tracers; Provenance ID SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; NORTH-ATLANTIC; AMAZON BASIN; WEST-AFRICA; BODELE DEPRESSION; SOURCE SIGNATURES; ATMOSPHERIC LEAD; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY AB Many studies have suggested that long-range transport of African desert dusts across the Atlantic Ocean occurs, delivering key nutrients and contributing to fertilization of the Amazon rainforest. Here we utilize radiogenic isotope tracers - Sr, Nd and Pb - to derive the provenance, local or remote, and pathways of dust transport from Africa to the Caribbean. Atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) matter was collected in 2008 on quartz fibre filters, from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean at three different locations: in Mali (12.6 degrees N, 8.0 degrees W; 555 m a.s.l.), Tobago (11.3 degrees N, 60.5 degrees W; 329 m a.s.l.) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (17.7 degrees N, 64.6 degrees W; 27 m a.s.l.). Both the labile phase, representative of the anthropogenic signal, and the refractory detrital silicate fraction were analysed. Dust deposits and soils from around the sampling sites were measured as well to assess the potential contribution from local sources to the mineral dust collected. The contribution from anthropogenic sources of Pb was predominant in the labile, leachate phase. The overall similarity in Pb isotope signatures found in the leachates is attributed to a common African source of anthropogenic Pb, with minor inputs from other sources, such as from Central and South America, The Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions in the silicate fraction were found to be systematically more radiogenic than those in the corresponding labile phases. In contrast, Nd and Sr isotopic compositions from Mali. Tobago, and the Virgin Islands are virtually identical in both leachates and residues. Comparison with existing literature data on Saharan and Sahelian sources constrains the origin of summer dust transported to the Caribbean to mainly originate from the Sahel region, with some contribution from northern Saharan sources. The source regions derived from the isotope data are consistent with 7-day back-trajectory analyses, demonstrating the usefulness of radiogenic isotopes in tracing dust provenance and atmospheric transport. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, A.; Abouchami, W.; Galer, S. J. G.; Andreae, M. O.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Abouchami, W.] WWU Munster, Inst Mineral, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Garrison, V. H.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Williams, E.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM ashwini.kumar@mpic.de RI Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008 OI Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925 FU Max Planck Society; DFG FX This research was funded by the Max Planck Society. A. Kumar was funded by a Max Planck Society Research fellowship, and W. Abouchami by the DFG through the Leibniz Award to Klaus Mezger. We thank H. Feldmann and G. Borngasser for their help in the laboratories during the course of this work and Tracey Andreae for proof-reading the manuscript. NR 77 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 82 BP 130 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.021 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292EY UT WOS:000329886200015 ER PT J AU Zweig, CL Kitchens, WM AF Zweig, Christa L. Kitchens, Wiley M. TI Reconstructing historical habitat data with predictive models SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE artificial neural networks; Everglades; hindcasting; multistate models; Snail Kite; vegetation communities ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SNAIL KITE; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLORIDA; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; SUCCESSION AB Historical vegetation data are important to ecological studies, as many structuring processes operate at long time scales, from decades to centuries. Capturing the pattern of variability within a system (enough to declare a significant change from past to present) relies on correct assumptions about the temporal scale of the processes involved. Sufficient long-term data are often lacking, and current techniques have their weaknesses. To address this concern, we constructed multistate and artificial neural network models (ANN) to provide fore- and hindcast vegetation communities considered critical foraging habitat for an endangered bird, the Florida Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis). Multistate models were not able to hindcast due to our data not satisfying a detailed balance requirement for time reversibility in Markovian dynamics. Multistate models were useful for forecasting and providing environmental variables for the ANN. Results from our ANN hindcast closely mirrored the population collapse of the Snail Kite population using only environmental data to inform the model. The parallel between the two gives us confidence in the hindcasting results and their use in future demographic models. C1 [Zweig, Christa L.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kitchens, Wiley M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Zweig, CL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 110485,Bldg 810, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM czweig@sfwmd.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 BP 196 EP 203 DI 10.1890/13-0327.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291OB UT WOS:000329836900017 PM 24640544 ER PT J AU Xu, XG Tong, LL Stohlgren, TJ AF Xu, Xiaogang Tong, Lili Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Tree ring based Pb and Zn contamination history reconstruction in East China: a case study of Kalopanax septemlobus SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Pb and Zn concentrations; Tree rings; Kalopanax septemlobus; Contamination dynamics ID LEAD ISOTOPES; HEAVY-METALS; POLLUTION; PINE; SYCAMORE; SPRUCE; CORES; OAK AB To reconstruct trace metal contamination history in the Yangtze River Delta region, annual growth rings of native hardwood species, Kalopanax septemlobus, were studied as the potential archive of the past Pb and Zn pollution events. Wide distribution of K. septemlobus trees in the study area and clear annual tree rings are advantages of this potential geochemical archive. In this research, tree ring increments for 48 years, from 1960 to 2007, were analyzed for Pb and Zn concentrations. Trees were sampled in two sites, Xiaoyingpan, a contaminated area around a mine (Pb, Zn, Ag) in the Yangtze River Delta region, and a reference site 19 km away. The results show that: (1) distinct Pb and Zn concentrations increasing from 1960 to 1974 in the polluted site were coincident with increasing historical open mining activities; (2) from 1974 to 1986, Pb and Zn concentrations dramatically decreased during a conversion from above-ground exploitation to below-ground extraction; and (3) after 1992, the concentration of Zn decreased gradually, but Pb concentrations initially increased with automobile traffic from 1986 to 2004, then decreased when the number of automobiles was controlled from 2004 to 2007. In particular, Pb and Zn concentrations in tree rings had no effect on K. septemlobus growth. Pb and Zn concentrations in tree rings were linearly related with those in soils. Growth rings of K. septemlobus around the Pb, Zn, Ag mine accurately recorded historical changes in Pb and Zn deposition. C1 [Xu, Xiaogang] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Fac Forest Resources & Environm, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Tong, Lili] Jinling Inst Technol, Hort Sch, Nanjing 210038, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Xu, XG (reprint author), Nanjing Forestry Univ, Fac Forest Resources & Environm, Long Pan Rd 159, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM xiaogangb.xu@gmail.com FU Chinese Post Doctor Research Foundation [20080441011] FX The authors are greatly indebted to Kuangkun Sun for field work. We also thank Professor Jiangfeng Shi and Yulin Han for technical assistance. This study was funded by "Chinese Post Doctor Research Foundation No. 20080441011". NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s12665-013-2414-z PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 291KZ UT WOS:000329828900012 ER PT J AU Neymark, LA Premo, WR Mel'nikov, NN Emsbo, P AF Neymark, Leonid A. Premo, Wayne R. Mel'nikov, Nikolay N. Emsbo, Poul TI Precise determination of delta Sr-88 in rocks, minerals, and waters by double-spike TIMS: a powerful tool in the study of geological, hydrological and biological processes SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION; SURFACE IONIZATION TECHNIQUE; MC-ICP-MS; INTERNAL STANDARDS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; SOLAR-SYSTEM; STRONTIUM; SR; SAMPLES AB We present strontium isotopic (Sr-88/Sr-86 and Sr-87/Sr-86) results obtained by Sr-87-Sr-84 double spike thermal ionization mass-spectrometry (DS-TIMS) for several standards as well as natural water samples and mineral samples of abiogenic and biogenic origin. The detailed data reduction algorithm and a user-friendly Sr-specific stand-alone computer program used for the spike calibration and the data reduction are also presented. Accuracy and precision of our delta Sr-88 measurements, calculated as permit (parts per thousand) deviations from the NIST SRM-987 standard, were evaluated by analyzing the NASS-6 seawater standard, which yielded delta Sr-88 = 0.378 +/- 0.009 parts per thousand. The first DS-TIMS data for the NIST SRM-607 potassium feldspar standard and for several US Geological Survey carbonate, phosphate, and silicate standards (EN-1, MAPS-4, MAPS-5, G-3, BCR-2, and BHVO-2) are also reported. Data obtained during this work for Sr-bearing solids and natural waters show a range of delta Sr-88 values of about 2.4 parts per thousand, the widest observed so far in terrestrial materials. This range is easily resolvable analytically because the demonstrated external error (+/- SD, standard deviation) for measured delta Sr-88 values is typically <= 0.02 parts per thousand. It is shown that the "true" Sr-87/Sr-86 value obtained by the DS-TIMS or any other external normalization method combines radiogenic and mass-dependent mass-fractionation effects, which cannot be separated. Therefore, the "true" Sr-87/Sr-86 and the delta Sr-87 parameter derived from it are not useful isotope tracers. Data presented in this paper for a wide range of naturally occurring sample types demonstrate the potential of the delta Sr-88 isotope tracer in combination with the traditional radiogenic Sr-87/Sr-86 tracer for studying a variety of biological, hydrological, and geological processes. C1 [Neymark, Leonid A.; Premo, Wayne R.; Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mel'nikov, Nikolay N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Precambrian Geol & Geochronol, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Neymark, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lneymark@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 EI 1364-5544 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1039/c3ja50310k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 292FM UT WOS:000329887600004 ER PT J AU Monticelli, D Araujo, PM Hines, JE Tenreiro, PQ Silva, LP Ramos, JA AF Monticelli, David Araujo, Pedro M. Hines, James E. Tenreiro, Paulo Q. Silva, Luis P. Ramos, Jaime A. TI Assessing the role of body mass and sex on apparent adult survival in polygynous passerines: a case study of cetti's warblers in central Portugal SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACKBIRDS TURDUS-MERULA; TIT PARUS-MAJOR; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; PREDATION RISK; FAT RESERVES; REPRODUCTIVE COSTS; DEPENDENT SURVIVAL; TRADE-OFF; POPULATION; BIRDS AB Adult survival, an important fitness component, is usually 1) lower in lighter individuals due to their reduced ability to survive winter conditions compared to heavier ones, especially in resident species at northern temperate latitudes and 2) lower in females compared with males due to higher reproductive costs incurred by females. In this paper, a capture-mark-recapture dataset of 649 cetti's warblers Cettia cetti ringed seasonally at two wetlands in central Portugal over an 11-yr period (2000-2010) was modelled in a multi-state framework to examine the influence of these individual covariates on apparent adult survival, while controlling for the presence of transient individuals in our study area. The probability of change in mass state ((LightHeavy), (HeavyLight)) during the annual cycle was also estimated. Overall, birds survived better during spring-summer (breeding/moulting periods) compared with autumn-winter, but there was no effect of body mass on apparent adult survival probability. The modelling detected a significant interaction between sex and season, in which resident females survived better than resident males in spring-summer (phi(RF)= 0.857 +/- 0.117 and phi(RM)= 0.698 +/- 0.181) while the opposite pattern was found in autumn-winter (phi(RM)= 0.440 +/- 0.086 and phi(RF)= 0.339 +/- 0.084). In addition, cetti's warblers had a tendency to lose mass in spring-summer ((Heavy Light)= 0.560 +/- 0.063) and to regain mass in autumn-winter ((LightHeavy)= 0.701 +/- 0.069). This pattern of body mass change during the annual cycle may reflect energetic costs to reproduction and moulting, and/or a response to increased starvation risk during winter. High body mass, however, did not increase adult survival in this population presumably due to the relatively mild winter weather prevailing in central Portugal. Survival estimates are more likely to be explained by important ecological and behavioural differences between the two sexes in polygynous passerines. Our results highlight that studies aiming to identify the main factors shaping survival and individual fitness in polygynous species should be conducted during different phases of their annual cycle. C1 [Monticelli, David; Araujo, Pedro M.; Silva, Luis P.; Ramos, Jaime A.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Life Sci, PT-3001401 Coimbra, Portugal. [Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Tenreiro, Paulo Q.] Reserva Nat Paul Arzila, ICNF, PT-3045356 Arzila, Portugal. RP Monticelli, D (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Dept Life Sci, Apartado 3046, PT-3001401 Coimbra, Portugal. EM monticelli.david@gmail.com RI Pascoal da Silva, Luis F./M-8479-2013; OI Pascoal da Silva, Luis F./0000-0003-2358-1277; Monticelli, David/0000-0002-6566-7346; Ramos, Jaime/0000-0002-9533-987X FU Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/66672/2009, SFRH/BD/69238/2010] FX We thank all the ringers who helped with fieldwork. We are also grateful to J. D. Nichols for analytical advice during the modelling of this dataset and to R. Robinson and V. Paiva for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this paper. During this study, DM and PMA were supported by research grants provided by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT grants SFRH/BPD/66672/2009 and SFRH/BD/69238/2010, respectively). NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2013.00165.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 291XU UT WOS:000329866900011 ER PT J AU Davenport, J Jones, TT Work, TM Balazs, GH AF Davenport, John Jones, T. Todd Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. TI Unique characteristics of the trachea of the juvenile leatherback turtle facilitate feeding, diving and endothermy SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cross-sectional shape; Juveniles; Leatherback turtle; Luminal vascular plexus; Ontogenic changes; Tracheal structure ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; LONGLINE FISHERY; DEEP DIVES; COLD-WATER; JELLYFISH; GIGANTOTHERMY; COMPRESSION; PATTERNS; COLLAPSE AB The adult leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea overlaps in body size (300-500 kg) with many marine mammals, yet develops from a 50 g hatchling. Adults can dive deeper than 1200 m and have core body temperatures of 25 degrees C; hatchlings are near-surface dwellers. Juvenile leatherbacks have rarely been studied; here we present anatomical information for the upper respiratory tract of 3 turtles (66.7-83.0 cm straight carapace length; 33.2-53.4 kg body mass) incidentally captured by long-line fisheries. Combined with existing information from adults and hatchlings, our data show that there is an ontogenic shift in tracheal structure, with cartilaginous rings becoming broader and eventually fusing anteriorly. This ontogenic shift during independent existence is unique among extant deep-diving air breathing vertebrates. Tract wall thickness is graded, becoming progressively thinner from larynx to bronchi. In addition, cross-sectional shape becomes increasingly dorsoventrally flattened (more elliptical) from anterior to posterior. These characteristics ensure that the tract will collapse from posterior to anterior during dives. This study contains the first report of a double (=internally bifurcated) posterior section of the trachea; it is suggested that this allows continuous food movement along the esophagus without tracheal collapse. The whole upper respiratory tract (from larynx to lungs) has a vascular lining (thicker anteriorly than posteriorly) that appears to be a simple analog of the complex turbinates of birds and mammals. Our study confirmed that the leatherback tracheal structure represents a distinctive way of dealing with the challenges of diving in deep, cold sea water. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Davenport, John] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland. [Jones, T. Todd; Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Davenport, J (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland. EM j.davenport@ucc.ie; todd.jones@noaa.gov; thieriy_work@usgs.gov; gbalazs@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 450 SI SI BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.10.013 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 294XR UT WOS:000330081700006 ER PT J AU Sherman, CE Fletcher, CH Rubin, KH Simmons, KR Adey, WH AF Sherman, Clark E. Fletcher, Charles H. Rubin, Ken H. Simmons, Kathleen R. Adey, Walter H. TI Sea-level and reef accretion history of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 7 and late Stage 5 based on age and facies of submerged late Pleistocene reefs, Oahu, Hawaii SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; Pleistocene reef; Th-U dating; Reef facies; Pleistocene sea level ID LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; PAST 500 K.Y.; BRITISH-WEST-INDIES; URANIUM-SERIES AGES; U-SERIES; IRONSHORE FORMATION; GRAND CAYMAN; CORAL; DEPOSITS; HOLOCENE AB In situ Pleistocene reefs form a gently sloping nearshore terrace around the island of Oahu. TIMS Th-U ages of in situ corals indicate that most of the terrace is composed of reefal limestones correlating to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 7 (MIS 7, similar to 190-245 ka). The position of the in situ MIS 7 reef complex indicates that it formed during periods when local sea level was similar to 9 to 20 m below present sea level. Its extensiveness and geomorphic prominence as well as a paucity of emergent in situ MIS 7 reef-framework deposits on Oahu suggest that much of MIS 7 was characterized by regional sea levels below present. Later accretion along the seaward front of the terrace occurred during the latter part of MIS 5 (i.e., MIS 5a-5d, similar to 76-113 ka). The position of the late MIS 5 reefal limestones is consistent with formation during a period when local sea level was below present. The extensiveness of the submerged Pleistocene reefs around Oahu compared to the relative dearth of Holocene accretion is due to the fact that Pleistocene reefs had both more time and more accommodation space available for accretion than their Holocene counterparts. (C) 2013 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sherman, Clark E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Fletcher, Charles H.; Rubin, Ken H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Simmons, Kathleen R.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Adey, Walter H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Sherman, CE (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM clark.sherman@upr.edu RI Rubin, Kenneth/B-3685-2008 OI Rubin, Kenneth/0000-0002-8554-1337 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9710005]; US Geological Survey and National Geographic Society FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation (EAR-9710005), US Geological Survey and National Geographic Society. John Rooney and Eric Grossman provided extensive assistance in the field. Khal Spencer assisted with Th-U analyses at the University of Hawaii SOEST Isotope Lab. Daniel Muhs provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The authors would also like to thank Paul Hearty and Jody Webster for their critical reviews and helpful suggestions. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 81 IS 1 BP 138 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2013.11.001 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 293FM UT WOS:000329956800012 ER PT J AU Hernandez, RR Easter, SB Murphy-Mariscal, ML Maestre, FT Tavassoli, M Allen, EB Barrows, CW Belnap, J Ochoa-Hueso, R Ravi, S Allen, MF AF Hernandez, R. R. Easter, S. B. Murphy-Mariscal, M. L. Maestre, F. T. Tavassoli, M. Allen, E. B. Barrows, C. W. Belnap, J. Ochoa-Hueso, R. Ravi, S. Allen, M. F. TI Environmental impacts of utility-scale solar energy SO RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Biodiversity; Conservation; Desert; Greenhouse gas emissions; Land use and land cover change; Photovoltaic; Renewable energy ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; PHOTOVOLTAIC ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; LAND-COVER CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DUST DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; SMALL MAMMALS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; VEGETATION COVER; FOOD SECURITY AB Renewable energy is a promising alternative to fossil fuel-based energy, but its development can require a complex set of environmental tradeoffs. A recent increase in solar energy systems, especially large, centralized installations, underscores the urgency of understanding their environmental interactions. Synthesizing literature across numerous disciplines, we review direct and indirect environmental impacts - both beneficial and adverse - of utility-scale solar energy (USSE) development, including impacts on biodiversity, land-use and land-cover change, soils, water resources, and human health. Additionally, we review feedbacks between USSE infrastructure and land-atmosphere interactions and the potential for USSE systems to mitigate climate change. Several characteristics and development strategies of USSE systems have low environmental impacts relative to other energy systems, including other renewables. We show opportunities to increase USSE environmental co-benefits, the permitting and regulatory constraints and opportunities of USSE, and highlight future research directions to better understand the nexus between USSE and the environment. Increasing the environmental compatibility of USSE systems will maximize the efficacy of this key renewable energy source in mitigating climatic and global environmental change. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hernandez, R. R.; Ravi, S.] Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hernandez, R. R.; Easter, S. B.; Tavassoli, M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Easter, S. B.] Ecofactor, Redwood City, CA USA. [Murphy-Mariscal, M. L.; Barrows, C. W.; Allen, M. F.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Maestre, F. T.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Dept Biol & Geol, Mostoles, Spain. [Allen, E. B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Ochoa-Hueso, R.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. [Allen, M. F.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Allen, M. F.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Hernandez, RR (reprint author), Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, 51 Dudley Lane,Apt 125,260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rebecca.hernandez@stanford.edu RI Maestre, Fernando/A-6825-2008; Ochoa-Hueso, Raul/K-1113-2016; Ravi, Sujith/C-3586-2008 OI Maestre, Fernando/0000-0002-7434-4856; Ochoa-Hueso, Raul/0000-0002-1839-6926; Ravi, Sujith/0000-0002-0425-9373 FU McGee Research Grant of the School of Earth Sciences of Stanford University; Wiliam W. Orcutt Memorial Fellowship of the School of Earth Sciences of Stanford University; Department of Global Ecology at the Carnegie Institution for Science (Stanford, California); European Research Council under the European Community [242658]; USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use program FX RRH acknowledges funding by the McGee Research Grant of the School of Earth Sciences of Stanford University, the Wiliam W. Orcutt Memorial Fellowship of the School of Earth Sciences of Stanford University, and the Department of Global Ecology at the Carnegie Institution for Science (Stanford, California). FM acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement 242658 (BIOCOM). SR acknowledges Tom Kat Center for Sustainable Energy at Stanford University. JB acknowledges support by the USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use program. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 148 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 18 U2 144 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-0321 J9 RENEW SUST ENERG REV JI Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 29 BP 766 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.041 PG 14 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 292HF UT WOS:000329892100062 ER PT J AU Smith, CB Booth, CJ Wadzinski, TJ Legname, G Chappell, R Johnson, CJ Pedersen, JA AF Smith, Christen B. Booth, Clarissa J. Wadzinski, Tyler J. Legname, Giuseppe Chappell, Rick Johnson, Christopher J. Pedersen, Joel A. TI Humic substances interfere with detection of pathogenic prion protein SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; Prion; Natural organic matter; Humic substances; Immunoblotting; Protein detection ID SOIL-BOUND PRIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SCRAPIE; FATE; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; REPLICATION; TRANSPORT; ACIDS; ASSAY AB Studies examining the persistence of prions (the etiological agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies) in soil require accurate quantification of pathogenic prion protein (prp(TSE)) extracted from or in the presence of soil particles. Here, we demonstrate that natural organic matter (NOM) in soil impacts PrPTSE detection by immunoblotting. Methods commonly used to extract PrPTSE from soils release substantial amounts of NOM, and NOM inhibited PrPTSE immunoblot signal. The degree of immunoblot interference increased with increasing NOM concentration and decreasing NOM polarity. Humic substances affected immunoblot detection of prion protein from both deer and hamsters. We also establish that after interaction with humic acid, PrPTSE remains infectious to hamsters inoculated intracerebrally, and humic acid appeared to slow disease progression. These results provide evidence for interactions between PrPTSE and humic substances that influence both accurate measurement of PrPTSE in soil and disease transmission. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Christen B.; Wadzinski, Tyler J.; Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Booth, Clarissa J.; Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Legname, Giuseppe] SISSA, Neurobiol Sect, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Chappell, Rick] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53792 USA. [Chappell, Rick] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biostat & Med Informat, Madison, WI 53792 USA. [Johnson, Christopher J.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Prion Res Lab, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Pedersen, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM joelpedersen@wisc.edu RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0547484]; USDA CSREES Project [WIS01341]; U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grant CBET-0547484 (immunoblotting experiments with humic substances), USDA CSREES Project WIS01341 (immunoblotting experiments with compost), and a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program (bioassays). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. We gratefully acknowledge Shannon Bartelt-Hunt (University of Nebraska, Lincoln) for providing compost, Judd Aiken (University of Alberta, Canada) for CWD-infected deer brain tissue and Dennis Heisey for helpful discussions, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 68 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.005 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 287IU UT WOS:000329536200037 ER PT J AU Edmondson, J Friedman, J Meko, D Touchan, R Scott, J Edmondson, A AF Edmondson, Jesse Friedman, Jonathan Meko, David Touchan, Ramzi Scott, Julian Edmondson, Alan TI DENDROCLIMATIC POTENTIAL OF PLAINS COTTONWOOD (POPULUS DELTOIDES SUBSP MONILIFERA) FROM THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS, USA SO TREE-RING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dendrochronology; North Dakota; Little Missouri River; PDSI; riparian; floodplain ID MEANDERING-RIVER FLOODPLAIN; MISSOURI RIVER; UNITED-STATES; TREE GROWTH; FOREST; RECONSTRUCTION; PRECIPITATION; MONTANA; DROUGHT; DAKOTA AB A new 368-year tree-ring chronology (A.D. 1643-2010) has been developed in western North Dakota using plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) growing on the relatively undisturbed floodplain of the Little Missouri River in the North Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park. We document many slow-growing living trees between 150-370 years old that contradict the common understanding that cottonwoods grow fast and die young. In this northern location, cottonwood produces distinct annual rings with dramatic interannual variability that strongly crossdate. The detrended tree-ring chronology is significantly positively correlated with local growing season precipitation and soil moisture conditions (r = 0.69). This time series shows periods of prolonged low radial tree growth during the known droughts of the instrumental record (e.g. 1931-1939 and 1980-1981) and also during prehistory (e.g. 1816-1823 and 1856-1865) when other paleoclimate studies have documented droughts in this region. Tree rings of cottonwood will be a useful tool to help reconstruct climate, streamflow, and the floodplain history of the Little Missouri River and other northern river systems. C1 [Edmondson, Jesse; Friedman, Jonathan; Scott, Julian] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Meko, David; Touchan, Ramzi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Edmondson, Jesse; Edmondson, Alan] Univ Arkansas, Tree Ring Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Edmondson, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 FU National Park Service Climate Change Response Program; National Park Service Water Resources Division; US Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX Funding was provided by the National Park Service Climate Change Response Program, the National Park Service Water Resources Division and the US Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Reviews were provided by Patrick Anderson and two anonymous referees. John Heiser, Laurie Richardson and Bill Whitworth of Theodore Roosevelt National Park provided essential logistical support. Daniel Griffin helped with Figure 1. David Stahle and Dorian Burnette assisted with the spatial correlation map for Figure 7. Jeff Hughes and Michael Merigliano made important contributions to study design, and Ben Everitt inspired the study by his example. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 24 PU TREE-RING SOC PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, TREE-RING LABORATORY, BLDG 58, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-1098 EI 2162-4585 J9 TREE-RING RES JI Tree-Ring Res. PY 2014 VL 70 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.3959/1536-1098-70.1.21 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 293FF UT WOS:000329956100002 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Barbiero, RP Ludsin, SA Madenjian, CP Warren, GJ Dolan, DM Brenden, TO Briland, R Gorman, OT He, JX Johengen, TH Lantry, BF Lesht, BM Nalepa, TF Riley, SC Riseng, CM Treska, TJ Tsehaye, I Walsh, MG Warner, DM Weidel, BC AF Bunnell, David B. Barbiero, Richard P. Ludsin, Stuart A. Madenjian, Charles P. Warren, Glenn J. Dolan, David M. Brenden, Travis O. Briland, Ruth Gorman, Owen T. He, Ji X. Johengen, Thomas H. Lantry, Brian F. Lesht, Barry M. Nalepa, Thomas F. Riley, Stephen C. Riseng, Catherine M. Treska, Ted J. Tsehaye, Iyob Walsh, Maureen G. Warner, David M. Weidel, Brian C. TI Changing Ecosystem Dynamics in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Regulation SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE invasive species; wasp-waist ecosystems; multiple stressors; regime shift; trophic cascade ID CHINOOK SALMON; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC CASCADES; FISH COMMUNITY; MICHIGAN; HURON; ALEWIVES; ONTARIO; TROUT; ERIE AB Understanding the relative importance of top-down and bottom-up regulation of ecosystem structure is a fundamental ecological question, with implications for fisheries and water-quality management. For the Laurentian Great Lakes, where, since the early 1970s, nutrient inputs have been reduced, whereas top-predator biomass has increased, we describe trends across multiple trophic levels and explore their underlying drivers. Our analyses revealed increasing water clarity and declines in phytoplankton, native invertebrates, and prey fish since 1998 in at least three of the five lakes. Evidence for bottom-up regulation was strongest in Lake Huron, although each lake provided support in at least one pair of trophic levels. Evidence for top-down regulation was rare. Although nonindigenous dreissenid mussels probably have large impacts on nutrient cycling and phytoplankton, their effects on higher trophic levels remain uncertain. We highlight gaps for which monitoring and knowledge should improve the understanding of food-web dynamics and facilitate the implementation of ecosystem-based management. C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Gorman, Owen T.; Lantry, Brian F.; Riley, Stephen C.; Walsh, Maureen G.; Warner, David M.; Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Gorman, Owen T.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ashland, WI USA. [Lantry, Brian F.; Walsh, Maureen G.; Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Oswego, NY USA. [Barbiero, Richard P.] CSC, Chicago, IL USA. [Warren, Glenn J.] US EPA, Great Lakes Program Off, Chicago, IL USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.; Briland, Ruth] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dolan, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI 54302 USA. [Brenden, Travis O.; Tsehaye, Iyob] Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [He, Ji X.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena, MI USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lesht, Barry M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Riseng, Catherine M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Treska, Ted J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Green Bay, WI USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Lesht, Barry/0000-0003-0801-4290; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We dedicate this work to Dave Dolan for his pioneering work in estimating nutrient inputs to the Great Lakes, which allowed scientists and managers to better understand the links between watersheds and large lakes and to gain a more holistic view of these ecosystems. We thank the many agencies (and individuals) that contributed data or improved our understanding of specific lakes, including the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (Mike Siefkes), the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR; Randy Claramunt, Jim Johnson, Jory Jonas), the Minnesota DNR (Don Schreiner), the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (Don Einhouse, Jana Lantry), the Ohio DNR (John Deller, Eric Weimer), the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (Jim Bowlby, Ted Schaner, Larry Witzel), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (Steve Lozano), and the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center (Don Schloesser). We thank David Bennion for developing figure 1. We thank Jim Kitchell, Jana Lantry, Mike Siefkes, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments to earlier versions. This research was supported by a grant to the US Geological Survey (Template no. 74) from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. This article is Contribution 1769 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 69 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 19 U2 177 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2014 VL 64 IS 1 BP 26 EP 39 DI 10.1093/biosci/bit001 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 288BS UT WOS:000329587600006 ER PT J AU Yates, DE Adams, EM Angelo, SE Evers, DC Schmerfeld, J Moore, MS Kunz, TH Divoll, T Edmonds, ST Perkins, C Taylor, R O'Driscoll, NJ AF Yates, David E. Adams, Evan M. Angelo, Sofia E. Evers, David C. Schmerfeld, John Moore, Marianne S. Kunz, Thomas H. Divoll, Timothy Edmonds, Samuel T. Perkins, Christopher Taylor, Robert O'Driscoll, Nelson J. TI Mercury in bats from the northeastern United States SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Hg; Methylmercury; McHg; Bats; Northeast United States ID MINK MUSTELA-VISON; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; NORTH-AMERICA; BROWN BAT; FOOD-HABITS; CONTAMINATION; METHYLMERCURY; EXPOSURE; RIVER AB This study examines mercury exposure in bats across the northeast U.S. from 2005 to 2009. We collected 1,481 fur and 681 blood samples from 8 states and analyzed them for total Hg. A subset (n = 20) are also analyzed for methylmercury (MeHg). Ten species of bats from the northeast U.S. are represented in this study of which two are protected by the Endangered Species Act (ESA 1973) and two other species are pending review. There are four objectives in this paper: (1) to examine correlates to differences in fur-Hg levels among all of the sampling sites, including age, sex, species, and presence of a Hg point source; (2) define the relationship between blood and fur-Hg levels and the factors that influence that relationship including age, sex, species, reproductive status, and energetic condition; (3) determine the relationships between total Hg and MeHg in five common eastern bat species; and (4) assess the distribution of Hg across bat populations in the northeast. We found total blood and fur mercury was eight times higher in bats captured near point sources compared to nonpoint sources. Blood-Hg and fur-Hg were well correlated with females on average accumulating two times more Hg in fur than males. On average fur MeHg accounted for 86 % (range 71-95 %) of the total Hg in bat fur. Considering that females had high Hg concentrations, beyond that of established levels of concern, suggests there could be negative implications for bat populations from high Hg exposure since Hg is readily transferred to pups via breast milk. Bats provide an integral part of the ecosystem and their protection is considered to be of high priority. More research is needed to determine if Hg is a stressor that is negatively impacting bat populations. C1 [Yates, David E.; Adams, Evan M.; Angelo, Sofia E.; Evers, David C.; Divoll, Timothy; Edmonds, Samuel T.] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Schmerfeld, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Virginia Field Off, Gloucester, VA 23061 USA. [Moore, Marianne S.; Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Edmonds, Samuel T.; O'Driscoll, Nelson J.] KC Irving Environm Sci Ctr, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. [Perkins, Christopher] Univ Connecticut, Storrs Mansfield, CT 06269 USA. [Taylor, Robert] Trace Element Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Yates, DE (reprint author), BioDivers Res Inst, 19 Flaggy Meadow Rd, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM dave.yates@briloon.org OI O'Driscoll, Nelson/0000-0002-8598-8251 FU Nature Conservancy; DuPont(TM); USFW; NYSERDA; Olin Corporation; National Science Foundation FX We would like to thank The Nature Conservancy, DuPont (TM), USF&W, NYSERDA, Olin Corporation and the National Science Foundation for financial support. We are grateful to the Augusta Forestry Center, VA, and the Rankin, Heding and Craig families for providing access to their properties. We would also like to thank the many biologists that helped obtain samples for this study Lucas Savoy, Dustin Meatty, Pedro Ardapple, Casey Huck, Patrick Keenan, John Chenger, Craig Stihler (WVDNR), Rick Reynolds (VADGF), Alan Hicks, Aimee Haskew and all the field technicians that put in countless hours. Jeffery Tash for the GIS map provided and David Buck for review of final manuscript. Sniegole Stapcinskaite from UConn for her work in the analysis of tissue samples for Hg. Also thanks to the two anonymous reviewers that provided valuable comments on an earlier draft. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JAN PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s10646-013-1150-1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 288AQ UT WOS:000329584300006 PM 24271419 ER PT J AU Kang, S Running, SW Kimball, JS Fagre, DB Michaelis, A Peterson, DL Halofsky, JE Hong, S AF Kang, Sinkyu Running, Steven W. Kimball, John S. Fagre, Daniel B. Michaelis, Andrew Peterson, David L. Halofsky, Jessica E. Hong, Sukyoung TI Effects of spatial and temporal climatic variability on terrestrial carbon and water fluxes in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Carbon storage; Climate change; Climatic variability; Simulations; Evapotranspiration; Vegetation productivity ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY; FORESTS; MODIS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES AB The Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the conterminous United States is characterized by large variations in climate and topography, and provides an ideal geographic domain for studying interactions between regional climate and vegetation dynamics. We examined vegetation carbon (C) and water dynamics along PNW climate and topographic gradients using a process-based biogeochemical model, BIOME-BGC, the algorithms of which form bases for a fully-prognostic treatment of carbon and nitrogen cycles in Land Community Model (CLM). Simulation experiments were used to (1) analyze spatial and temporal variability of terrestrial carbon (C) stocks and flux, (2) investigate primary climatic variables controlling the variability, and (3) predict effects of future climate projections on vegetation productivity and water flux variables including evapotranspiration and water supply. The model experiments focused on two 18-year (1980-1997 and 2088-2105) simulations using future climate predictions for A2 (+4.2 degrees C, -7% precipitation) and B2 (1.6 degrees C, +11% precipitation) emissions scenarios through year 2100. Our results show large west to east spatial variations in C and water fluxes and C stocks associated with regional topography and distance from coastal areas. Interannual variability of net primary productivity (NPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) are 57% and 33%, respectively, of the 18-year mean annual fluxes for 1980-1997. The annual NPP and ET are positively correlated with precipitation but inversely proportional to vapor pressure deficit; this suggests that modeled NPP and ET are predominantly water limited in the PNW. The A2 scenario results in higher NPP and ET of 23% and 10%, respectively, and 15% lower water outflow. The 132 scenario results in higher NPP and ET of 12% and 15%, respectively, and 2% lower water outflow, despite projected increases in precipitation. Simulation experiments indicate that most PNW ecosystems are water limited, and that annual water outflow will decrease under both drier (A2) and wetter (B2) scenarios. However, higher elevations with high snowpacks of long duration may buffer the loss of water resources in some areas, even if precipitation is lower. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kang, Sinkyu] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon Do, South Korea. [Running, Steven W.; Kimball, John S.; Michaelis, Andrew] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, NTSG, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Fagre, Daniel B.] USGS Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT USA. [Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Halofsky, Jessica E.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hong, Sukyoung] Natl Acad Agr Sci, Rural Dev Adm, Soil & Fertilizer Management Div, Suwon, South Korea. RP Kang, S (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon Do, South Korea. EM kangsk@kangwon.ac.kr FU U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program; National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ007753052013] FX Research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program and by PJ007753052013, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. This is a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 51 BP 228 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.09.020 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287RY UT WOS:000329561100021 ER PT J AU Nagorski, SA Engstrom, DR Hudson, JP Krabbenhoft, DP Hood, E DeWild, JF Aiken, GR AF Nagorski, Sonia A. Engstrom, Daniel R. Hudson, John P. Krabbenhoft, David P. Hood, Eran DeWild, John F. Aiken, George R. TI Spatial distribution of mercury in southeastern Alaskan streams influenced by glaciers, wetlands, and salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Wetland; Salmon; Macroinvertebrates; DOC; Deglaciation ID BOREAL FOREST CATCHMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; FRESH-WATER; ORGANIC-MATTER; NATIONAL-PARK; METHYLMERCURY; TRANSPORT; NUTRIENTS; RIVER; LAKES AB Southeastern Alaska is a remote coastal-maritime ecosystem that is experiencing increased deposition of mercury (Hg) as well as rapid glacier loss. Here we present the results of the first reported survey of total and methyl Hg (MeHg) concentrations in regional streams and biota. Overall, streams draining large wetland areas had higher Hg concentrations in water, mayflies, and juvenile salmon than those from glacially-influenced or recently deglaciated watersheds. Filtered MeHg was positively correlated with wetland abundance. Aqueous Hg occurred predominantly in the particulate fraction of glacier streams but in the filtered fraction of wetland-rich streams. Colonization by anadromous salmon in both glacier and wetland-rich streams may be contributing additional marine-derived Hg. The spatial distribution of Hg in the range of streams presented here shows that watersheds are variably, yet fairly predictably, sensitive to atmospheric and marine inputs of Hg. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nagorski, Sonia A.; Hood, Eran] Univ Alaska Southeast, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Engstrom, Daniel R.] Sci Museum Minnesota, St Croix Watershed Res Stn, Marine St Croix, MN 55047 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.; DeWild, John F.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nagorski, SA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Southeast, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM sanagorski@uas.alaska.edu; dre@smm.org; jhudson@gci.net; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov; ewhood@uas.alaska.edu; jfdewild@usgs.gov; graiken@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; Univ. Alaska Southeast; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0838587] FX Funding was provided by the National Park Service, the Univ. Alaska Southeast, and the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-0838587). Thanks to J. Smith of R/V Capelin for transport in GBNPP and N. Schlosstein for field assistance. K. Smikrud provided Fig. 1. We thank K. Butler at the USGS in Boulder, CO for characterization of DOC. Thanks to ME Brigham and three anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 184 SI SI BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.040 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285TZ UT WOS:000329419200008 PM 24035911 ER PT J AU Friedel, MJ AF Friedel, Michael J. TI Data-driven modeling of background and mine-related acidity and metals in river basins SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cluster analysis; Environmental assessment; Hydrothermal alteration; Mineral-resource assessment; Mining activity; Self-organizing map; Stochastic modeling; Uncertainty; Water quality ID SELF-ORGANIZING MAP; URBANIZATION; IMPUTATION; BRAZIL AB A novel application of self-organizing map (SOM) and multivariate statistical techniques is used to model the nonlinear interaction among basin mineral-resources, mining activity, and surface-water quality. First, the SOM is trained using sparse measurements from 228 sample sites in the Animas River Basin, Colorado. The model performance is validated by comparing stochastic predictions of basin-alteration assemblages and mining activity at 104 independent sites. The SOM correctly predicts (>98%) the predominant type of basin hydrothermal alteration and presence (or absence) of mining activity. Second, application of the Davies-Bouldin criteria to k-means clustering of SOM neurons identified ten unique environmental groups. Median statistics of these groups define a nonlinear water-quality response along the spatiotemporal hydrothermal alteration-mining gradient. These results reveal that it is possible to differentiate among the continuum between inputs of background and mine-related acidity and metals, and it provides a basis for future research and empirical model development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Friedel, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Friedel, Michael J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Computat & Math Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Friedel, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mfriedel@usgs.gov RI Fraser, Stephen/A-8219-2008 OI Fraser, Stephen/0000-0002-0856-5300 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX The authors thank M. Alisa Mast of the U.S. Geological Survey for providing the mineral-resource and stream water-quality data; Steve Fraser of CSIRO for supplying the self-organizing software, and the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program for funding for this research. Comments by James Tindall and two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the clarity of this paper. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 184 SI SI BP 530 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.036 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285TZ UT WOS:000329419200067 PM 24184374 ER PT J AU Revesz, KM Lollar, BS Kirshtein, JD Tiedeman, CR Imbrigiotta, TE Goode, DJ Shapiro, AM Voytek, MA Lacombe, PJ Busenberg, E AF Revesz, Kinga M. Lollar, Barbara Sherwood Kirshtein, Julie D. Tiedeman, Claire R. Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. Goode, Daniel J. Shapiro, Allen M. Voytek, Mary A. Lacombe, Pierre J. Busenberg, Eurybiades TI Integration of stable carbon isotope, microbial community, dissolved hydrogen gas, and H-2(H2O) tracer data to assess bioaugmentation for chlorinated ethene degradation in fractured rocks SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ICE Bioaugmentation; Microbial population; delta C-13; H-2 electron donor; delta H-2(H2O) tracer ID ENHANCED REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; DEHALOGENASE GENES; VINYL-CHLORIDE; BIODEGRADATION; BIOREMEDIATION; FIELD; TETRACHLOROETHENE; DEHALOCOCCOIDES AB An in situ bioaugmentation (BA) experiment was conducted to understand processes controlling microbial dechlorination of trichloroethene (ICE) in groundwater at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. In the BA experiment, an electron donor (emulsified vegetable oil and sodium lactate) and a chloro-respiring microbial consortium were injected into a well in fractured mudstone of Triassic age. Water enriched in H-2 was also injected as a tracer of the BA solution, to monitor advective transport processes. The changes in concentration and the PC of TCE, cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC); the delta H-2 of water; changes in the abundance of the microbial communities; and the concentration of dissolved H-2 gas compared to pre- test conditions, provided multiple lines of evidence that enhanced biodegradation occurred in the injection well and in two downgradient wells. For those wells where the biodegradation was stimulated intensively, the sum of the molar chlorinated ethene (CE) concentrations in post-BA water was higher than that of the sum of the pre-BA background molar CE concentrations. The concentration ratios of TCE/(cis-DCE + VC) indicated that the increase in molar CE concentration may result from additional TCE mobilized from the rock matrix in response to the oil injection or due to desorption/diffusion. The stable carbon isotope mass-balance calculations show that the weighted average C-13 isotope of the CEs was enriched for around a year compared to the background value in a two year monitoring period, an effective indication that dechlorination of VC was occurring. Insights gained from this study can be applied to efforts to use BA in other fractured rock systems. The study demonstrates that a BA approach can substantially enhance in situ bioremediation not only in fractures connected to the injection well, but also in the rock matrix around the well due to processes such as diffusion and desorption. Because the effect of the BA was intensive only in wells where an amendment was distributed during injection, it is necessary to adequately distribute the amendments throughout the fractured rock to achieve substantial bioremediation. The slowdown in BA effect after a year is due to some extend to the decrease abundant of appropriate microbes, but more likely the decreased concentration of electron donor. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Revesz, Kinga M.; Kirshtein, Julie D.; Shapiro, Allen M.; Busenberg, Eurybiades] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lollar, Barbara Sherwood] Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [Imbrigiotta, Thomas E.; Lacombe, Pierre J.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Tiedeman, Claire R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Goode, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, Exton, PA 19341 USA. [Voytek, Mary A.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Revesz, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 430,431,432,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM krevesz@usgs.gov OI Goode, Daniel/0000-0002-8527-2456 FU U.S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [SERDP ER-1555]; U.S. Navy; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery and Strategic Grants; USGS National Research Program FX We thank L N. Plummer, T.B. Coplen and M. DeFlaun their constructive comments on this work. This project was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP ER-1555), the U.S. Navy, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The CSIA results were funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery and Strategic Grants to Barbara Sherwood Lollar, and the hydrogen isotope studies on water and dissolved gas were supported by the USGS National Research Program. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 156 BP 62 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.10.004 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 287JB UT WOS:000329537000006 PM 24270158 ER PT J AU Cleveland, CC Reed, SC Keller, AB Nemergut, DR O'Neill, SP Ostertag, R Vitousek, PM AF Cleveland, Cory C. Reed, Sasha C. Keller, Adrienne B. Nemergut, Diana R. O'Neill, Sean P. Ostertag, Rebecca Vitousek, Peter M. TI Litter quality versus soil microbial community controls over decomposition: a quantitative analysis SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Carbon cycle; Decomposition; Ecosystem function; Global change; Microbial community ID CALIFORNIA ANNUAL GRASSLAND; ELEVATED CO2; FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PLANT DIVERSITY; LIGNIN CONTROL; NITROGEN; FOREST; ECOSYSTEM AB The possible effects of soil microbial community structure on organic matter decomposition rates have been widely acknowledged, but are poorly understood. Understanding these relationships is complicated by the fact that microbial community structure and function are likely to both affect and be affected by organic matter quality and chemistry, thus it is difficult to draw mechanistic conclusions from field studies. We conducted a reciprocal soil inoculum x litter transplant laboratory incubation experiment using samples collected from a set of sites that have similar climate and plant species composition but vary significantly in bacterial community structure and litter quality. The results showed that litter quality explained the majority of variation in decomposition rates under controlled laboratory conditions: over the course of the 162-day incubation, litter quality explained nearly two-thirds (64 %) of variation in decomposition rates, and a smaller proportion (25 %) was explained by variation in the inoculum type. In addition, the relative importance of inoculum type on soil respiration increased over the course of the experiment, and was significantly higher in microcosms with lower litter quality relative to those with higher quality litter. We also used molecular phylogenetics to examine the relationships between bacterial community composition and soil respiration in samples through time. Pyrosequencing revealed that bacterial community composition explained 32 % of the variation in respiration rates. However, equal portions (i.e., 16 %) of the variation in bacterial community composition were explained by inoculum type and litter quality, reflecting the importance of both the meta-community and the environment in bacterial assembly. Taken together, these results indicate that the effects of changing microbial community composition on decomposition are likely to be smaller than the potential effects of climate change and/or litter quality changes in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations or atmospheric nutrient deposition. C1 [Cleveland, Cory C.; Keller, Adrienne B.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Nemergut, Diana R.; O'Neill, Sean P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nemergut, Diana R.; O'Neill, Sean P.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ostertag, Rebecca] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Vitousek, Peter M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cleveland, CC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, CHCB 423B, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM cory.cleveland@umontana.edu; screed@usgs.gov; adrienne.keller@gmail.com; Diana.Nemergut@colorado.edu; Sean.P.Oneill@Colorado.edu; ostertag@hawaii.edu; vitousek@stanford.edu FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; National Science Foundation [DEB-0919080] FX We thank H. Farrington and J. Schulten for logistical and sampling support, and B. Houlton and the plant analysis lab at the University of California Davis for performing the litter lignin analyses. M. Strickland, N. Fierer and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the experiment and the manuscript. We acknowledge the generous financial support of the both the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0919080). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 27 U2 243 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2014 VL 174 IS 1 BP 283 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s00442-013-2758-9 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 288PQ UT WOS:000329624300027 PM 24022257 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Segou, M AF Parsons, Tom Segou, Margaret TI Stress, Distance, Magnitude, and Clustering Influences on the Success or Failure of an Aftershock Forecast: The 2013 M 6.6 Lushan Earthquake and Other Examples SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; HECTOR MINE EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SHADOW HYPOTHESIS; DYNAMIC STRESS; SEISMIC HAZARD; MODELS; DECAY; OCCURRENCES C1 [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Segou, Margaret] GeoAzur, F-06560 Sophia Antipolis, France. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1785/0220130100 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 287JD UT WOS:000329537200008 ER PT J AU Scharer, KM Salisbury, JB Arrowsmith, JR Rockwell, TK AF Scharer, K. M. Salisbury, J. B. Arrowsmith, J. R. Rockwell, T. K. TI Southern San Andreas Fault Evaluation Field Activity: Approaches to Measuring Small Geomorphic Offsets-Challenges and Recommendations for Active Fault Studies SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SLIP DISTRIBUTION; PREHISTORIC EARTHQUAKES; SURFACE RUPTURE; CALIFORNIA; LIDAR; FEATURES C1 [Scharer, K. M.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Salisbury, J. B.; Arrowsmith, J. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rockwell, T. K.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Scharer, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM kscharer@usgs.gov OI Rockwell, Thomas/0000-0001-5319-6447 FU National Science Foundation [0930731, 0930643]; USGS NEHRP; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); NSF Cooperative [EAR-0529922]; USGS Cooperative [07HQAG0008] FX We are grateful for the exceptional participation by our colleagues during the SCEC 2012 Fieldshop, who worked through a 97 degrees F day to contribute to this effort, and a return visit by many in April 2013, including: Austin Elliott, Beth Haddon, Brian Olson, Colin Amos, David E. Haddad, David Lynch, Frank Sousa, Gayatri Marliyani, Glenn Biasi, Guangfu Shao, James Dolan, James Hollingsworth, Janis Hernandez, Jason De Cristofaro, Jerry Treiman, Justin R. Brown, Ken Hudnut, Kim Blisniuk, Koji Okumura, Lisa Grant Ludwig, Margaret Gooding, Mike Oskin, Mitchell Prante, Nate Onderdonk, Orlando Teran, Peter Gold, Richard Heermance, Sally McGill, Scott Kenyon, Sean Bemis, Ting Lin, Tracy Compton, Tsurue Sato, Wendy Bohon, and Whitney Behr. We also thank Stephen DeLong, Ken Hudnut, and one anonymous reviewer for suggestions that improved the paper. This work would not be possible without permission of the landowners and was enhanced with the B4 LiDAR (Bevis et al., 2005) and TLS data provided by colleagues Tracy Compton, Peter Gold and Eric Cowgill. The base maps were built using processing services provided by the Open Topography Facility with support from the National Science Foundation under NSF Award Numbers 0930731 and 0930643. Internal and external funding from the USGS NEHRP has supported much of the research. The Fieldshop was funded by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1802. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1785/0220130108 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 287JD UT WOS:000329537200011 ER PT J AU Evans, JR Allen, RM Chung, AI Cochran, ES Guy, R Hellweg, M Lawrence, JF AF Evans, J. R. Allen, R. M. Chung, A. I. Cochran, E. S. Guy, R. Hellweg, M. Lawrence, J. F. TI Performance of Several Low-Cost Accelerometers SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSORS; NOISE C1 [Evans, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Allen, R. M.; Hellweg, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chung, A. I.; Lawrence, J. F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cochran, E. S.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Guy, R.] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Evans, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jrevans@usgs.gov FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSF award [CNS 0932392]; Deutsche Telekom FX The Community Seismic Network (CSN; R. Guy) is funded by Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF award CNS 0932392; special thanks to Leif Strand of CSN for authoring the Phidgets testing application(s). The Quake Catcher Network (QCN; E. Cochran, J. Lawrence, and A. Chung) is a joint project of the USGS and Stanford University. MyShake (Droid smart phones; R. Allen) is funded by Deutsche Telekom. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1785/0220130091 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 287JD UT WOS:000329537200021 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Zuellig, RE Crockett, HJ Bruce, JF Lukacs, PM Fitzpatrick, RM AF Walters, David M. Zuellig, Robert E. Crockett, Harry J. Bruce, James F. Lukacs, Paul M. Fitzpatrick, Ryan M. TI Barriers Impede Upstream Spawning Migration of Flathead Chub SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GRANDE SILVERY MINNOW; FISH PASSAGE BARRIERS; RIO-GRANDE; CANADIAN RIVER; PRAIRIE STREAM; CONSERVATION; PLAINS; ASSEMBLAGE; EXTIRPATION; CYPRINIDS AB Many native cyprinids are declining throughout the North American Great Plains. Some of these species require long reaches of contiguous, flowing riverine habitat for drifting eggs or larvae to develop, and their declining populations have been attributed to habitat fragmentation or barriers (e.g., dams, dewatered channels, and reservoirs) that restrict fish movement. Upstream dispersal is also needed to maintain populations of species with passively drifting eggs or larvae, and prior researchers have suggested that these fishes migrate upstream to spawn. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a mark-recapture study of Flathead Chub Platygobio gracilis within a 91-km reach of continuous riverine habitat in Fountain Creek, Colorado. We measured CPUE, spawning readiness (percent of Flathead Chub expressing milt), and fish movement relative to a channel-spanning dam. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that Flathead Chub migrate upstream to spawn during summer. The CPUE was much higher at the base of the dam than at downstream sites; the seasonal increases in CPUE at the dam closely tracked seasonal increases in spawning readiness, and marked fish moved upstream as far as 33km during the spawning run. The upstream migration was effectively blocked by the dam. The CPUE of Flathead Chub was much lower upstream of the OHDD than at downstream sites, and <0.2% of fish marked at the dam were recaptured upstream. This study provides the first direct evidence of spawning migration for Flathead Chub and supports the general hypothesis that barriers limit adult dispersal of these and other plains fishes. Received March 12, 2013; accepted July 2, 2013 C1 [Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Zuellig, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Crockett, Harry J.; Lukacs, Paul M.; Fitzpatrick, Ryan M.] Colorado Parks & Wildlife, Ft Collins Serv Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bruce, James F.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Pueblo, CO 81003 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov FU CPW; Colorado Water Conservation Board FX We thank the numerous Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife (CPW) personnel for assistance in data collection and management; K. Bestgen, C. Hoagstrom, and G. Wilde for reviewing this manuscript; and B. Cade for statistical advice. This research was funded by CPW and by a grant from the Colorado Water Conservation Board to the Fountain Creek Flood Control and Greenways District. This research was subjected to U. S. Geological Survey review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.824921 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 286RW UT WOS:000329487400002 ER PT J AU Herrala, JR Kroboth, PT Kuntz, NM Schramm, HL AF Herrala, Jason R. Kroboth, Patrick T. Kuntz, Nathan M. Schramm, Harold L., Jr. TI Habitat Use and Selection by Adult Pallid Sturgeon in the Lower Mississippi River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; MOVEMENTS; DAKOTA; MIDDLE; AGE AB The Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus is an endangered riverine sturgeon with historical distribution restricted to the Yellowstone, Missouri, Mississippi, and Atchafalaya rivers. Although not abundant, Pallid Sturgeon in the lower Mississippi River appear to be naturally recruiting, and information about habitat use is important to conserve this species. Thirty-four adult Pallid Sturgeon (612-1,013-mm FL) were tagged with acoustic transmitters and relocated a total of 272times in a 40-km reach of the lower Mississippi River from April 2009 through December 2012. Pallid Sturgeon strongly selected island tip and natural bank habitats, and, to a lesser degree, revetted bank habitat. Although frequently used, Pallid Sturgeon exhibited negative selection for the expansive main channel habitat. Secondary channel habitat was seasonally available and excluded from habitat selection analysis, but this habitat was frequently used in the spring when available. Fifty percent of Pallid Sturgeon detections were in relatively narrow ranges of depths (6.2-13.6m) and surface current velocities (0.64-1.05m/s). Use of different habitats was related to river stage and water temperature, suggesting use of some habitats was seasonal. Results suggest that maintaining natural bank habitat and secondary channel-island complexes will benefit conservation of this endangered species in the lower Mississippi River. Received April 12, 2012; accepted July 29, 2013 C1 [Herrala, Jason R.; Kroboth, Patrick T.; Kuntz, Nathan M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Schramm, Harold L., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Schramm, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mail Stop 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM hschramm@cfr.msstate.edu FU Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Geological Survey. We thank N. Aycock, R. DeVries, D. Hann, P. Hartfield, P. Mirick, J. Porter, J. Quinn, B. Sartain, W. Warfield, M. Wegener, and J. Young for assistance in field sampling, and the staff at Catfish Point Hunting Club for their hospitality. The manuscript benefited from review and input by J. Garvey and two anonymous reviewers. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 1 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.830987 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 286RW UT WOS:000329487400014 ER PT J AU DeHaan, PW Pascal, CE Seeb, JE AF DeHaan, Patrick W. Pascal, Carita E. Seeb, James E. TI Novel SNP Genotyping Assays Facilitate Species Identification of Salvelinus Collected in a Recreational Fishery SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; LAKE PEND OREILLE; BULL TROUT; DOLLY VARDEN; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BROOK TROUT AB Members of the genus Salvelinus often occur sympatrically, exhibit a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, and commonly hybridize. These factors often complicate species identification and hybrid detection based solely on morphology. Many species and populations of Salvelinus are threatened or endangered and accurate species identification and hybrid detection are important for conservation. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers offer several advantages over other classes of genetic markers for species identification. We used DNA sequences from six species of Salvelinus to identify 16 SNPs that exhibited fixed differences among species and 16 additional SNPs that were variable within different species. These markers were used for species identification of putative Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus that were misidentified as Lake Trout S. namaycush in a recreational fishery in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho. The markers developed in this study will be useful for Salvelinus species identification and provide important data for conservation efforts. Received May 9, 2013; accepted August 7, 2013 C1 [DeHaan, Patrick W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Pascal, Carita E.; Seeb, James E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Int Program Salmon Ecol Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP DeHaan, PW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM patrick_dehaan@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. C. P. and J.E.S. were supported by a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. We thank the following individuals for providing tissue samples: Eric Taylor, Penelope Crane, Cara Lewis, Tim King, Barbara Lubinski, Itsuro Koizumi, Shoichiro Yamamoto, Kim Scribner, Jeannette Kanefsky, Meredith Bartron, and Shana Bernall. We also thank Matt Smith and Jennifer Von Bargen for providing laboratory assistance, Rob Ryan for providing information on the recreational fishery in Lake Pend Oreille, and Denise Hawkins and Patty Crandell for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 1 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.833552 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 286RW UT WOS:000329487400015 ER PT J AU Warren, DR Dunham, JB Hockman-Wert, D AF Warren, Dana R. Dunham, Jason B. Hockman-Wert, David TI Geographic Variability in Elevation and Topographic Constraints on the Distribution of Native and Nonnative Trout in the Great Basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROOK TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; REGRESSION QUANTILES; NORTH-AMERICA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; TRADE-OFFS AB Understanding local and geographic factors influencing species distributions is a prerequisite for conservation planning. Our objective in this study was to model local and geographic variability in elevations occupied by native and nonnative trout in the northwestern Great Basin, USA. To this end, we analyzed a large existing data set of trout presence (5,156 observations) to evaluate two fundamental factors influencing occupied elevations: climate-related gradients in geography and local constraints imposed by topography. We applied quantile regression to model upstream and downstream distribution elevation limits for each trout species commonly found in the region (two native and two nonnative species). With these models in hand, we simulated an upstream shift in elevation limits of trout distributions to evaluate potential consequences of habitat loss. Downstream elevation limits were inversely associated with latitude, reflecting regional gradients in temperature. Upstream limits were positively related to maximum stream elevation as expected. Downstream elevation limits were constrained topographically by valley bottom elevations in northern streams but not in southern streams, where limits began well above valley bottoms. Elevation limits were similar among species. Upstream shifts in elevation limits for trout would lead to more habitat loss in the north than in the south, a result attributable to differences in topography. Because downstream distributions of trout in the north extend into valley bottoms with reduced topographic relief, trout in more northerly latitudes are more likely to experience habitat loss associated with an upstream shift in lower elevation limits. By applying quantile regression to relatively simple information (species presence, elevation, geography, topography), we were able to identify elevation limits for trout in the Great Basin and explore the effects of potential shifts in these limits that could occur in response to changing climate conditions that alter streams directly (e.g., through changes in temperature and precipitation) or indirectly (e.g., through changing water use). Received October 12, 2012; accepted August 6, 2013 C1 [Warren, Dana R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.; Hockman-Wert, David] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Warren, DR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dana.warren@oregonstate.edu FU Great Basin Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey [G10AC00551] FX We thank Mike Heck and Brian Cade of the U.S. Geological Survey, Travis Hawkes, John Elliot, and Kim Tisdale of the Nevada Department of Wildlife, Chad Mellison of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Helen Neville of Trout Unlimited, and Stephanie Miller of the Oregon Department of Fisheries and Wildlife for their contributions. Brian Cade, Robert Al-Chokhachy, and one anonymous reviewer provided useful feedback on this paper. Data were provided by the Oregon Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Funding was provided by the Great Basin Landscape Conservation Cooperative and U.S. Geological Survey grant G10AC00551. Use of trade or firm names herein are for reader information only and do not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 1 BP 205 EP 218 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.833551 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 286RW UT WOS:000329487400018 ER PT J AU Tiffan, KF Erhardt, JM St John, SJ AF Tiffan, Kenneth F. Erhardt, John M. St John, Scott J. TI Prey Availability, Consumption, and Quality Contribute to Variation in Growth of Subyearling Chinook Salmon Rearing in Riverine and Reservoir Habitats SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER; ENERGY DENSITY; SNAKE RIVER; LAKE WASHINGTON; RAINBOW-TROUT; LIFE-HISTORY; MODEL; DIET; FOOD; PREDATION AB We examined prey availability, prey consumed, and diet energy content as sources of variation in growth of natural fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha subyearlings rearing in riverine and reservoir habitats in the Snake River. Subyearlings in riverine habitat primarily consumed aquatic insects (e.g., Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera), of which a high proportion was represented by adult, terrestrial forms. In the reservoir, subyearlings also consumed aquatic insects but also preyed heavily at times on nonnative lentic amphipods Corophium spp. and the mysid Neomysis mercedis, which were absent in riverine habitats. The availability of prey was typically much higher in the reservoir due to N. mercedis often composing over 90% of the biomass, but when this taxon was removed from consideration, biomass estimates were more often higher in the riverine habitat. Subyearling diets during 2009-2011were generally 17-40% higher in energy in the riverine habitat than in the reservoir. Observed growth in both length and weight were significantly higher in the riverine habitat than in the reservoir. Little is known about how temporal and spatial changes in the food web in large river landscapes influence populations of native anadromous fishes. Our results provide a glimpse of how the spread and establishment of nonnative prey species can reduce juvenile salmon growth in a large river impoundment, which in turn can affect migration timing and survival. Received May 21, 2013; accepted August 27, 2013 C1 [Tiffan, Kenneth F.; Erhardt, John M.; St John, Scott J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ktiffan@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 FU Bonneville Power Administration [199102900] FX We thank our U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service colleagues whose efforts contributed to this study. We are grateful to Carol Hoffman of the Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station (Hagerman, Idaho) for conducting the bomb calorimetry. The constructive comments of William Connor and anonymous peer reviewers improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration and administered by D. Docherty under project 199102900. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 41 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 1 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.839958 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 286RW UT WOS:000329487400019 ER PT J AU Collingsworth, PD Bunnell, DB Madenjian, CP Riley, SC AF Collingsworth, Paris D. Bunnell, David B. Madenjian, Charles P. Riley, Stephen C. TI Comparative Recruitment Dynamics of Alewife and Bloater in Lakes Michigan and Huron SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL SELECTION UNCERTAINTY; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; COREGONUS-HOYI; FISH; FECUNDITY; GROWTH; VARIABILITY; COMMUNITY; DIPOREIA; ONTARIO AB The predictive power of recruitment models often relies on the identification and quantification of external variables, in addition to stock size. In theory, the identification of climatic, biotic, or demographic influences on reproductive success assists fisheries management by identifying factors that have a direct and reproducible influence on the population dynamics of a target species. More often, models are constructed as one-time studies of a single population whose results are not revisited when further data become available. Here, we present results from stock recruitment models for Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Bloater Coregonus hoyi in Lakes Michigan and Huron. The factors that explain variation in Bloater recruitment were remarkably consistent across populations and with previous studies that found Bloater recruitment to be linked to population demographic patterns in Lake Michigan. Conversely, our models were poor predictors of Alewife recruitment in Lake Huron but did show some agreement with previously published models from Lake Michigan. Overall, our results suggest that external predictors of fish recruitment are difficult to discern using traditional fisheries models, and reproducing the results from previous studies may be difficult particularly at low population sizes. Received March 22, 2013; accepted August 6, 2013 C1 [Collingsworth, Paris D.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Collingsworth, PD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM collingsworth.paris@epa.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX The authors thank the scientific staff, captains, and crew for their efforts maintaining the long-term data sets on Lakes Michigan and Huron. David Warner, Derek Aday, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1779 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 1 BP 294 EP 309 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.833986 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 286RW UT WOS:000329487400025 ER PT J AU Hinkle, SR Bencala, KE Wentz, DA Krabbenhoft, DP AF Hinkle, Stephen R. Bencala, Kenneth E. Wentz, Dennis A. Krabbenhoft, David P. TI Mercury and Methylmercury Dynamics in the Hyporheic Zone of an Oregon Stream SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Methylmercury; Hyporheic zone; Groundwater/surface water interactions; Oregon; Willamette River ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; CONTAMINATED STREAM; WATER; RIVER; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; MATTER; FLOW; USA; BIOAVAILABILITY AB The role of the hyporheic zone in mercury (Hg) cycling has received limited attention despite the biogeochemically active nature of this zone and, thus, its potential to influence Hg behavior in streams. An assessment of Hg geochemistry in the hyporheic zone of a coarse-grained island in the Coast Fork Willamette River in Oregon, USA, illustrates the spatially dynamic nature of this region of the stream channel for Hg mobilization and attenuation. Hyporheic flow through the island was evident from the water-table geometry and supported by hyporheic-zone chemistry distinct from that of the bounding groundwater system. Redox-indicator species changed abruptly along a transect through the hyporheic zone, indicating a biogeochemically reactive stream/hyporheic-zone continuum. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total Hg, and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations increased in the upgradient portion of the hyporheic zone and decreased in the downgradient region. Total Hg (collected in 2002 and 2003) and MeHg (collected in 2003) were correlated with DOC in hyporheic-zone samples: r(2)=0.63 (total Hg-DOC, 2002), 0.73 (total Hg-DOC, 2003), and 0.94 (MeHg-DOC, 2003). Weaker Hg/DOC association in late summer 2002 than in early summer 2003 may reflect seasonal differences in DOC reactivity. Observed correlations between DOC and both total Hg and MeHg reflect the importance of DOC for Hg mobilization, transport, and fate in this hyporheic zone. Correlations with DOC provide a framework for conceptualizing and quantifying Hg and MeHg dynamics in this region of the stream channel, and provide a refined conceptual model of the role hyporheic zones may play in aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Hinkle, Stephen R.; Wentz, Dennis A.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Bencala, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Hinkle, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM srhinkle@usgs.gov; kbencala@usgs.gov; dawentz@usgs.gov; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov FU USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program FX Marisa Cox was instrumental in designing and implementing the hyporheic sampling program and performed the major-ion analyses. This effort was funded by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, and National Research Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 225 IS 1 AR 1694 DI 10.1007/s11270-013-1694-y PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 288UO UT WOS:000329637600001 ER PT J AU Labasque, T Aquilina, L Vergnaud, V Hochreutener, R Barbecot, F Casile, G AF Labasque, T. Aquilina, L. Vergnaud, V. Hochreutener, R. Barbecot, F. Casile, G. TI Inter-comparison exercises on dissolved gases for groundwater dating - (1) Goals of the exercise and site choice, validation of the sampling strategy SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; AQUIFER; TRACERS AB Two international inter-comparison exercises devoted to dissolved gases and isotope analyses in groundwater, used as tools for groundwater dating were organized in 2012 in France (IDES - Universite Paris Sud - CNRS and OSUR - Universite Rennes 1 - CNRS). The goal was to compare sampling and analytical protocols through results obtained by the community of groundwater dating laboratories. The two exercises were: GDAT1 on three supply boreholes in a homogeneous sand-aquifer of Fontainebleau (Paris Basin, France) and GDAT2 on two supply boreholes (shallow and deep) in a fractured rock aquifer in French Brittany. This two-step exercise is the first exercise which included a large number of gases and isotopes usually used in groundwater as dating tools and also permit to discuss the uncertainties related to sampling protocols issuing from each laboratory methods. The two tests allowed 31 laboratories from 14 countries to compare their protocols for both sampling and analyses. This paper presents the participants and parameters measured, and focuses on the validation of the sampling strategy. Two laboratories analyzed CFC and SF6 samples collected at regular intervals during the sampling operations in order to verify water homogeneity. The results obtained by the two "reference" laboratories along with monitoring of field parameters showed no clear trend of gas concentration or physic-chemical properties. It can be concluded that the pumped groundwater composition remained constant during sampling. This study also shows the potential for relatively constant pumped groundwater composition from a specific well despite the complexity and/or mixing processes that may occur at a larger scale in the aquifer. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Labasque, T.; Aquilina, L.; Vergnaud, V.; Hochreutener, R.] Univ Rennes 1, Geosci Rennes OSUR, CNRS, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Barbecot, F.] Univ Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Casile, G.] US Geol Survey, CFC Lab, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Labasque, T (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, Geosci Rennes OSUR, CNRS, Campus Beaulieu,263 Av Gal Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM thierry.labasque@univ-rennes1.fr RI Ploemeur, Ploemeur/I-9338-2012 FU International Atomic Energy association; IDES laboratory (UMR 8148); Universite Rennes1; CNRS; OSUR (Rennes Universe Sciences Observatory); Geosciences Rennes laboratory; French Ministry for Education and Research; Region Bretagne; VEOLIA Eau; H+ network (Hydrogeology site network, INSU-CNRS) FX Authors would like to thank the council of Betton town and the water structure SMPBR, VEOLIA EAU and Source du Val Saint Lambert Company, for site access and facilities for groundwater sampling. The GDAT intercomparison exercise benefitted from the help and/or funding of the International Atomic Energy association, IDES laboratory (UMR 8148), Universite Rennes1, CNRS, OSUR (Rennes Universe Sciences Observatory), Geosciences Rennes laboratory, French Ministry for Education and Research, Region Bretagne and VEOLIA Eau. Financial and scientific support was also provided by the H+ network (Hydrogeology site network, INSU-CNRS). NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 40 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.11.007 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 282WY UT WOS:000329206400013 ER PT J AU Drexler, JZ Paces, JB Alpers, CN Windham-Myers, L Neymark, LA Bullen, TD Taylor, HE AF Drexler, J. Z. Paces, J. B. Alpers, C. N. Windham-Myers, L. Neymark, L. A. Bullen, T. D. Taylor, H. E. TI U-234/U-238 and delta Sr-87 in peat as tracers of paleosalinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY; STRONTIUM ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SECONDARY MINERALS; WEATHERING RATES; URANIUM DEPOSIT; HALF-LIVES; U-SERIES; RIVER; SEDIMENTS; HOLOCENE AB The purpose of this study was to determine the history of paleosalinity over the past 6000+ years in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta), which is the innermost part of the San Francisco Estuary. We used a combination of Sr and U concentrations, delta Sr-87 values, and U-234/U-238 activity ratios (AR) in peat as proxies for tracking paleosalinity. Peat cores were collected in marshes on Browns Island, Franks Wetland, and Bacon Channel Island in the Delta. Cores were dated using Cs-137, the onset of Pb and Hg contamination from hydraulic gold mining, and C-14. A proof of concept study showed that the dominant emergent macrophyte and major component of peat in the Delta, Schoenoplectus spp., incorporates Sr and U and that the isotopic composition of these elements tracks the ambient water salinity across the Estuary. Concentrations and isotopic compositions of Sr and U in the three main water sources contributing to the Delta (seawater, Sacramento River water, and San Joaquin River water) were used to construct a three-end-member mixing model. Delta paleosalinity was determined by examining variations in the distribution of peat samples through time within the area delineated by the mixing model. The Delta has long been considered a tidal freshwater marsh region, but only peat samples from Franks Wetland and Bacon Channel Island have shown a consistently fresh signal (<0.5 ppt) through time. Therefore, the eastern Delta, which occurs upstream from Bacon Channel Island along the San Joaquin River and its tributaries, has also been fresh for this time period. Over the past 6000+ years, the salinity regime at the western boundary of the Delta (Browns Island) has alternated between fresh and oligohaline (0.5-5 ppt). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Drexler, J. Z.; Alpers, C. N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Paces, J. B.; Neymark, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Windham-Myers, L.; Bullen, T. D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Taylor, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jdrexler@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU Delta Stewardship Council of the Resources Agency of California [F-03-RE-029] FX We acknowledge the Delta Stewardship Council of the Resources Agency of California, which supported this research through contract # F-03-RE-029. We thank Peter Dileanis for providing data from the USGS NWIS database and Greg Brewster for collecting river water samples from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. We acknowledge Amber Powell for researching and drawing Fig. 8 and Yvonne Roque for creating the computer graphic. We thank Mike Torresan and Cathy Frassee for assisting with cold storage of peat cores during the project. NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 40 BP 164 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.10.011 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 282WY UT WOS:000329206400018 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Andrews, CS Kroger, R AF Miranda, L. E. Andrews, C. S. Kroeger, R. TI Connectedness of land use, nutrients, primary production, and fish assemblages in oxbow lakes SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Chloropyll-a; Fish assemblages; Centrarchids; Oxbow lakes; Floodplain; Land use; Depth ID AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; RIVERINE LANDSCAPES; FLOODPLAIN LAKES; MISSISSIPPI; ECOSYSTEMS; CONNECTIVITY; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; PHOSPHORUS; EVOLUTION AB We explored the strength of connectedness among hierarchical system components associated with oxbow lakes in the alluvial valley of the Lower Mississippi River. Specifically, we examined the degree of canonical correlation between land use (agriculture and forests), lake morphometry (depth and size), nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), primary production (chlorophyll-a), and various fish assemblage descriptors. Watershed (p < 0.01) and riparian (p = 0.02) land use, and lake depth (p = 0.05) but not size (p = 0.28), were associated with nutrient concentrations. In turn, nutrients were associated with primary production (p < 0.01), and primary production was associated with sunfish (Centrarchidae) assemblages (p < 0.01) and fish biodiversity (p = 0.08), but not with those of other taxa and functional guilds. Multiple chemical and biological components of oxbow lake ecosystems are connected to landscape characteristics such as land use and lake depth. Therefore, a top-down hierarchical approach can be useful in developing management and conservation plans for oxbow lakes in a region impacted by widespread landscape changes due to agriculture. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Andrews, C. S.; Kroeger, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through K. J. Killgore, Mississippi State University; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding and support was provided by the Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through K. J. Killgore, Mississippi State University, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank T. Alfermann, N. Aycock, D. Dembkowski, D. Goetz, and S. Miyazono for assistance with field work; L. Brooks for water quality analyses; and J. Murdock for a helpful review. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 EI 1420-9055 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 76 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s00027-013-0310-y PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283DS UT WOS:000329226100004 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Dummer, PM Etterson, MA Thogmartin, WE Wu, Q Kannan, K Trowbridge, A McKann, PC AF Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Dummer, Paul M. Etterson, Matthew A. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Wu, Qian Kannan, Kurunthachalam Trowbridge, Annette McKann, Patrick C. TI Exposure and Effects of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Tree Swallows Nesting in Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GREAT BLUE HERON; PERFLUORINATED ALKYL SUBSTANCES; NORTHERN BOBWHITE QUAIL; EAST CENTRAL MINNESOTA; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE AB The exposure and effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were studied at eight locations in Minnesota and Wisconsin between 2007 and 2011 using tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Concentrations of PFASs were quantified as were reproductive success end points. The sample egg method was used wherein an egg sample is collected, and the hatching success of the remaining eggs in the nest is assessed. The association between PFAS exposure and reproductive success was assessed by site comparisons, logistic regression analysis, and multistate modeling, a technique not previously used in this context. There was a negative association between concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in eggs and hatching success. The concentration at which effects became evident (150-200 ng/g wet weight) was far lower than effect levels found in laboratory feeding trials or egg-injection studies of other avian species. This discrepancy was likely because behavioral effects and other extrinsic factors are not accounted for in these laboratory studies and the possibility that tree swallows are unusually sensitive to PFASs. The results from multistate modeling and simple logistic regression analyses were nearly identical. Multistate modeling provides a better method to examine possible effects of additional covariates and assessment of models using Akaike information criteria analyses. There was a credible association between PFOS concentrations in plasma and eggs, so extrapolation between these two commonly sampled tissues can be performed. C1 [Custer, Christine M.; Custer, Thomas W.; Dummer, Paul M.; Thogmartin, Wayne E.; McKann, Patrick C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Wu, Qian; Kannan, Kurunthachalam] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Wu, Qian; Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Trowbridge, Annette] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 66 IS 1 BP 120 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s00244-013-9934-0 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 283GL UT WOS:000329234200011 PM 23860575 ER PT J AU Ohms, HA Sloat, MR Reeves, GH Jordan, CE Dunham, JB AF Ohms, Haley A. Sloat, Matthew R. Reeves, Gordon H. Jordan, Chris E. Dunham, Jason B. TI Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; ARCTIC CHAR; MASU SALMON; SALAR; POPULATION; GROWTH; SALVELINUS; MATURATION AB In partially migratory species, such as Oncorhynchus mykiss, the emergence of life history phenotypes is often attributed to fitness trade-offs associated with growth and survival. Fitness trade-offs can be linked to reproductive tactics that vary between the sexes, as well as the influence of environmental conditions. We found that O. mykiss outmigrants are more likely to be female in nine populations throughout western North America (grand mean 65% female), in support of the hypothesis that anadromy is more likely to benefit females. This bias was not related to migration distance or freshwater productivity, as indicated by latitude. Within one O. mykiss population we also measured the resident sex ratio and did not observe a male bias, despite a high female bias among outmigrants in that system. We provide a simulation to demonstrate the relationship between sex ratios and the proportion of anadromy and show how sex ratios could be a valuable tool for predicting the prevalence of life history types in a population. C1 [Ohms, Haley A.; Sloat, Matthew R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ohms, HA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM haley.ohms@oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration [2003-017]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon FX Funding for this work was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (Project 2003-017 to C. Jordan) and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon, to G. Reeves. C. Lorion, D. Wiley, E. Suring, C. Hannon, D. Wright, C. Anderson, S. Ricker, K. DeHart, R. D. Nelle, T. Desgroseillier, M. Briggs, C. Beasley, C. Rabe, D. Love, and their field crews generously collected outmigrants. I. Garrett, L. Miller, A. Romney, B. Ramirez, A. Lindsley, P. St. Clair, and the Kerrins family made the SF John Day collection possible. D. Trovillion, D. Batson, and C. Salazar processed and aged scales and otoliths. P. Swanson and M. Middleton aided with histology, A. Elz championed the genetics effort, N. Som helped with the study design, K. Ronnenberg provided graphical and editorial assistance, and K. Christiansen provided mapping and GIS assistance. The manuscript benefited greatly from the comments of three anonymous reviewers. This work was conducted under ACUP permit number 4185 authorized by Oregon State University and under NOAA permit number 16576. Use of trade or firm names is for user information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the US Government. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 40 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0274 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283AZ UT WOS:000329217900007 ER PT J AU Kaemingk, MA Stahr, KJ Jolley, JC Holland, RS Willis, DW AF Kaemingk, Mark A. Stahr, Kristopher J. Jolley, Jeffrey C. Holland, Richard S. Willis, David W. TI Evidence for bluegill spawning plasticity obtained by disentangling complex factors related to recruitment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; LARVAL YELLOW PERCH; SOUTH-DAKOTA LAKES; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; BODY-SIZE; FISH RECRUITMENT; POPULATION REGULATION; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; TEMPORAL DIMENSION AB Fishes can exhibit many forms of plasticity to maximize fitness. However, limited information exists on the ability of freshwater fish to adjust spawning behavior and characteristics (e.g., timing, duration, magnitude of spawning events) to minimize mortality of recruits and ultimately maximize fitness. We wanted to test the life history hypothesis for bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) (i.e., opportunistic strategy) utilizing existing literature and results from our study to further evaluate the potential for spawning plasticity in this species. Our objective was to identify bluegill recruitment bottlenecks (i.e., periods of high mortality) and factors associated with these events in a single lake during 7 consecutive years. Bluegills exhibited shorter spawning durations and fewer spawning pulses (i.e., peaks in larval production) compared with bluegill in previous studies. Late-hatched (compared with early-hatched) bluegills consistently contributed the most to the fall juvenile population; these recruitment patterns were primarily attributed to biotic drivers. Our study suggests that bluegill could exhibit spawning plasticity and extends our current understanding of adaptations that are potentially capable of increasing fitness for a freshwater fish species under a wide range of environmental conditions and uncertainty. C1 [Kaemingk, Mark A.; Willis, David W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Stahr, Kristopher J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Jolley, Jeffrey C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Holland, Richard S.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68701 USA. RP Kaemingk, MA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM mark.kaemingk@vuw.ac.nz FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project [F-118-R] FX We sincerely thank all the technicians who assisted in the field and laboratory, especially A. Andrews for the aging component of this study. M. Lindvall and Valentine National Wildlife Refuge provided access to Pelican Lake. Z. Brashears, D. Graham, D. Hartmann, D. Krueger, and the Valentine State Fish Hatchery provided assistance. Thanks to T. L. Galarowicz for reviewing an earlier draft and providing helpful comments. Funding for this project was provided by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-118-R. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0282 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283AZ UT WOS:000329217900009 ER PT J AU Raabe, JK Gardner, B Hightower, JE AF Raabe, Joshua K. Gardner, Beth Hightower, Joseph E. TI A spatial capture-recapture model to estimate fish survival and location from linear continuous monitoring arrays SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; AMERICAN SHAD; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; ACOUSTIC TRACKING; MARK-RECAPTURE; PIT TAGS; POPULATION; INFERENCE; RIVER AB We developed a spatial capture-recapture model to evaluate survival and activity centres (i.e., mean locations) of tagged individuals detected along a linear array. Our spatially explicit version of the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model, analyzed using a Bayesian framework, correlates movement between periods and can incorporate environmental or other covariates. We demonstrate the model using 2010 data for anadromous American shad (Alosa sapidissima) tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT) at a weir near the mouth of a North Carolina river and passively monitored with an upstream array of PIT antennas. The river channel constrained migrations, resulting in linear, one-dimensional encounter histories that included both weir captures and antenna detections. Individual activity centres in a given time period were a function of the individual's previous estimated location and the river conditions (i.e., gage height). Model results indicate high within-river spawning mortality (mean weekly survival = 0.80) and more extensive movements during elevated river conditions. This model is applicable for any linear array (e. g., rivers, shorelines, and corridors), opening new opportunities to study demographic parameters, movement or migration, and habitat use. C1 [Raabe, Joshua K.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res, Dept Appl Ecol, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Raabe, JK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joshua.raabe@gmail.com FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); IACUC [10-007-O] FX The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) provided funding for field research. We thank everyone that assisted with field research, in particular Dana Sackett, Will Smith, John Bain, Donald Danesi, and Meredith Raabe. Krishna Pacifici provided substantial statistical and computing assistance and along with Kenneth Pollock, George Hess, two anonymous reviewers, and the Associate Editor, helped improve previous versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This study was performed under the auspices of IACUC permit 10-007-O. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 38 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0198 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283AZ UT WOS:000329217900011 ER PT J AU Benjamin, JR Wetzel, LA Martens, KD Larsen, K Connolly, PJ AF Benjamin, Joseph R. Wetzel, Lisa A. Martens, Kyle D. Larsen, Kimberly Connolly, Patrick J. TI Spatio-temporal variability in movement, age, and growth of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in a river network based upon PIT tagging and otolith chemistry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; BULL TROUT; PARTIAL MIGRATION; BODY-SIZE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; COLUMBIA RIVER; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; FISH AB Connectivity of river networks and the movements among habitats can be critical for the life history of many fish species, and understanding of the patterns of movement is central to managing populations, communities, and the landscapes they use. We combined passive integrated transponder tagging over 4 years and strontium isotopes in otoliths to demonstrate that 25% of the mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) sampled moved between the Methow and Columbia rivers, Washington, USA. Seasonal migrations downstream from the Methow River to the Columbia River to overwinter occurred in autumn and upstream movements in the spring. We observed migration was common during the first year of life, with migrants being larger than nonmigrants. However, growth between migrants and nonmigrants was similar. Water temperature was positively related to the proportion of migrants and negatively related to the timing of migration, but neither was related to discharge. The broad spatio-temporal movements we observed suggest mountain whitefish, and likely other nonanadromous fish, require distant habitats and also suggests that management and conservation strategies to keep connectivity of large river networks are imperative. C1 [Benjamin, Joseph R.; Martens, Kyle D.; Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Wetzel, Lisa A.; Larsen, Kimberly] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Benjamin, JR (reprint author), Quantitat Consultants Inc, POB 8263, Boise, ID 83707 USA. EM joe@qcinc.org FU Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Northwest Climate Science Center; US Bureau of Reclamation FX We thank Dave Ayers, Ryan Bellmore, Grace Watson, Teresa Fish, Kyle Koger, Jessica Lueders-Dumont, Cameron Morris, Brien Rose, and Wesley Tibbits for assistance with field collections and Andy Ungerer, Adam Kent, Jessica Miller, and Allison Koleszar for assistance with LA-ICPMS and multicollector at Oregon State University. Charlie Snow tagged mountain whitefish in the Twisp River and answered questions about interrogators, John Crandall provided assistance with temperature data, and Matt Nahorniak provided statistical advice. Thanks to Colden Baxter, Sam Brenkman, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Northwest Climate Science Center, and US Bureau of Reclamation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 47 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0279 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283AZ UT WOS:000329217900012 ER PT J AU Denver, JM Ator, SW Lang, MW Fisher, TR Gustafson, AB Fox, R Clune, JW McCarty, GW AF Denver, J. M. Ator, S. W. Lang, M. W. Fisher, T. R. Gustafson, A. B. Fox, R. Clune, J. W. McCarty, G. W. TI Nitrate fate and transport through current and former depressional wetlands in an agricultural landscape, Choptank Watershed, Maryland, United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agriculture; Chesapeake Bay; denitrification; depressional wetlands; groundwater; wetland conservation practices ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; GROUND-WATER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RIVER ESTUARY; DENITRIFICATION; STREAM; QUALITY; CONTAMINATION; CHEMISTRY; HYDROLOGY AB Understanding local groundwater hydrology and geochemistry is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of wetlands at mitigating agricultural impacts on surface waters. The effectiveness of depressional wetlands at mitigating nitrate (NO3) transport from fertilized row crops, through groundwater, to local streams was examined in the watershed of the upper Choptank River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Hydrologic, geochemical, and water quality data were collected from January of 2008 through December of 2009 from surface waters and networks of piezometers installed in and around current or former depressional wetlands of three major types along a gradient of anthropogenic alteration: (1) natural wetlands with native vegetation (i.e., forested); (2) prior-converted croplands, which are former wetlands located in cultivated fields; and (3) hydrologically restored wetlands, including one wetland restoration and one shallow water management area. These data were collected to estimate the orientation of groundwater flow paths and likely interactions of groundwater containing NO3 from agricultural sources with reducing conditions associated with wetlands of different types. Natural wetlands were found to have longer periods of soil saturation and reducing conditions conducive to denitrification compared to the other wetland types studied. Because natural wetlands are typically located in groundwater recharge areas along watershed divides, nitrogen (N) from nearby agriculture was not intercepted. However, these wetlands likely improve water quality in adjacent streams via dilution. Soil and geochemical conditions conducive to denitrification were also present in restored wetlands and prior-converted croplands, and substantial losses of agricultural NO3 were observed in groundwater flowing through these wetland sediments. However, delivery of NO3 from agricultural areas through groundwater to these wetlands resulting in opportunities for denitrification were limited, particularly where reducing conditions did not extend throughout the entire thickness of the surficial aquifer allowing NO3 to pass conservatively beneath a wetland along deeper groundwater flow paths. The complexity of N fate and transport associated with depressional wetlands complicates the understanding of their importance to water quality in adjacent streams. Although depressional wetlands often contribute low NO3 water to local streams, their effectiveness as landscape sinks, for N from adjacent agriculture varies with natural conditions, such as the thickness of the aquifer and the extent of reducing conditions. Measurement of such natural geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical conditions are therefore fundamental to understanding N mitigation in individual wetlands. C1 [Denver, J. M.; Clune, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Dover, DE USA. [Ator, S. W.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lang, M. W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Beltsville, MD USA. [Fisher, T. R.; Gustafson, A. B.; Fox, R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. [McCarty, G. W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Denver, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dover, DE USA. FU Wetland Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS); National Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP-Wetlands); National Science Foundation [NSF 0919181] FX The authors would like to thank the property owners who graciously allowed us access to their properties for this study. Funding was provided by the Wetland Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), National Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP-Wetlands), and augmented with partial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF 0919181). We would like to thank Diane Eckles and William Effland, USDA NRCS CEAP-Wetland Science Coordinators, retired and current, respectively, for their support of this project. Thanks are also given to the many people who assisted with project design, network installation, data collection and report preparation including: Owen McDonough, Robert Oesterling, Ken Staver, and Stuart Cawley of the University of Maryland at College Park; Walter Stracke of USDA ARS (retired); Deb Bringman, Michael Brownley, Frank Danner (retired), and Dan Phelan (retired), and Jessica Carpenter of USGS Maryland Delaware District of Columbia Water Science Center; and Robert Rossman of the USGS New Jersey Water Science Center. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 54 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 69 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.2489/jswc.69.1.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 284HZ UT WOS:000329308200005 ER PT J AU Barlow, JRB Kroger, R AF Barlow, Jeannie R. B. Kroeger, Robert TI Nitrogen transport within an agricultural landscape: Insights on how hydrology, biogeochemistry, and the landscape intersect to control the fate and transport of nitrogen in the Mississippi Delta SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTHWESTERN MISSISSIPPI; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; WATER EXCHANGE; SURFACE-WATER; NITRATE; USA; GROUNDWATER; STREAMS C1 [Barlow, Jeannie R. B.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Water Sci Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. [Kroeger, Robert] Mississippi State Univ, Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture Dept, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Barlow, JRB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Water Sci Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 26 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 69 IS 1 BP 11A EP 16A DI 10.2489/jswc.69.1.11A PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 284HZ UT WOS:000329308200002 ER PT J AU McAllister, CT Duszynski, DW Fisher, RN Austin, CC AF McAllister, Chris T. Duszynski, Donald W. Fisher, Robert N. Austin, Christopher C. TI A new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Solomon ground skink, Sphenomorphus solomonis (Boulenger) (Sauria: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SQUAMATA SCINCIDAE; ENDOPARASITES; LIZARDS; PLASMODIUM AB Between September 1990 and November 1991, 19 Sphenomorphus spp. skinks, including nine S. jobiense, three S. simus, and seven Solomon ground skinks, S. solomonis (Boulenger), were collected from Madang and Morobe Provinces, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and examined for coccidia. A single S. solomonis was found to be infected with a new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875. Oocysts of Eimeria perkinsae n. sp. are ellipsoidal with a smooth, colourless, bi-layered wall, measure 18.6 x 14.7 mu m, and have a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.3; both micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but a fragmented polar granule is present. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 8.9 x 6.4 mu m, L/W 1.4; neither Stieda, sub-Stieda or para-Stieda bodies are present; a sporocyst residuum consisted of a loose cluster of granules dispersed between sporozoites. Sporozoites are comma-shaped with spheroidal anterior and posterior refractile bodies. This represents the first report of coccidia from this skink genus. C1 [McAllister, Chris T.] Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. [Duszynski, Donald W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Austin, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP McAllister, CT (reprint author), Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. EM cmcallister@se.edu FU DEB [1146033] FX We thank the late Steve J. Upton (Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA) for technical assistance, and Scott L. Gardner (Manter Parasite Collection, Lincoln, NE, USA) for parasitological training of RNF. Further appreciation is extended to Patricia A. Pilitt (USNPC) for expert curatorial assistance. The PNG Department of Environment and Conservation supplied export permits to CCA and RNF for the lizard and parasite collections. This work was funded in part by DEB 1146033 to CCA. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 EI 1573-5192 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 87 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s11230-013-9455-2 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 284YM UT WOS:000329358300006 PM 24395577 ER PT J AU Smith, KT Balouet, JC Shortle, WC Chalot, M Beaujard, F Grudd, H Vroblesky, DA Burken, JG AF Smith, Kevin T. Balouet, Jean Christophe Shortle, Walter C. Chalot, Michel Beaujard, Francois Grudd, Hakan Vroblesky, Don A. Burken, Joel G. TI Dendrochemical patterns of calcium, zinc, and potassium related to internal factors detected by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Dendrochemistry; Cation distribution; Wood calcium; Wood potassium ID ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS; LIVING TREES; RED SPRUCE; WOOD; COMPARTMENTALIZATION; HEARTWOOD; PLANTS; MAPLE; DECAY; OAK AB Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) provides highly sensitive and precise spatial resolution of cation content in individual annual growth rings in trees. The sensitivity and precision have prompted successful applications to forensic dendrochemistry and the timing of environmental releases of contaminants. These applications have highlighted the need to distinguish dendrochemical effects of internal processes from environmental contamination. Calcium, potassium, and zinc are three marker cations that illustrate the influence of these processes. We found changes in cation chemistry in tree rings potentially due to biomineralization, development of cracks or checks, heartwood/sapwood differentiation, intraannual p'rocesses, and compartmentalization of infection. Distinguishing internal from external processes that affect dendrochemistry will enhance the value of EDXRF for both physiological and forensic investigations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, Kevin T.; Shortle, Walter C.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Balouet, Jean Christophe] Environm Int, F-60129 Orrouy, France. [Chalot, Michel] Univ Franche Comte, Lab Chronoenvironm, F-25211 Montbelieard, France. [Chalot, Michel] Univ Lorraine, Fac Sci & Technol, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Beaujard, Francois] INRA UBP, UMR PIAF 547, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand 02, France. [Grudd, Hakan] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Vroblesky, Don A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Burken, Joel G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Smith, KT (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM ktsmith@fs.fed.us; balouet.jean-christophe@neuf.fr; wshortle@fs.fed.us; michel.chalot@univ-fcomte.fr; francois.beaujard@clermont.inra.fr; hakan.grudd@natgeo.su.se; vroblesk@usgs.gov; burken@mst.edu RI Grudd, Hakan/G-7952-2012; Burken, Joel /C-2099-2016; CHALOT, Michel/A-1113-2012 OI Grudd, Hakan/0000-0002-9033-2505; Burken, Joel /0000-0002-7774-5364; NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.017 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278DD UT WOS:000328868400009 PM 24034830 ER PT J AU Gray, JL Kanagy, LK Furlong, ET Kanagy, CJ McCoy, JW Mason, A Lauenstein, G AF Gray, James L. Kanagy, Leslie K. Furlong, Edward T. Kanagy, Chris J. McCoy, Jeff W. Mason, Andrew Lauenstein, Gunnar TI Presence of the Corexit component dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in Gulf of Mexico waters after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Deepwater Horizon; Corexit; Dioctylsulfosuccinate; Dispersant; Isotope dilution; LC/MS/MS ID CRUDE-OIL; DISPERSANTS AB Between April 22 and July 15, 2010, approximately 4.9 million barrels of oil were released into the Gulf of Mexico from the Deepwater Horizon oil well. Approximately 16% of the oil was chemically dispersed, at the surface and at 1500 m depth, using Corexit 9527 and Corexit 9500, which contain dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS) as a major surfactant component. This was the largest documented release of oil in history at substantial depth, and the first time large quantities of dispersant (0.77 million gallons of approximately 1.9 million gallons total) were applied to a subsurface oil plume. During two cruises in late May and early June, water samples were collected at the surface and at depth for DOSS analysis. Real-time fluorimetry data was used to infer the presence of oil components to select appropriate sampling depths. Samples were stored frozen and in the dark for approximately 6 months prior to analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with isotope-dilution quantification. The blank-limited method detection limit (0.25 mu g L-1) was substantially less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) aquatic life benchmark of 40 mu g L-1. Concentrations of DOSS exceeding 200 mu g L-1 were observed in one surface sample near the well site; in subsurface samples DOSS did not exceed 40 mu g L-1. Although DOSS was present at high concentration in the immediate vicinity of the well where it was being continuously applied, a combination of biodegradation, photolysis, and dilution likely reduced persistence at concentrations exceeding the USEPA aquatic life benchmark beyond this immediate area. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gray, James L.; Kanagy, Leslie K.; Furlong, Edward T.; Kanagy, Chris J.; McCoy, Jeff W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mason, Andrew; Lauenstein, Gunnar] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gray, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25585, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlgray@usgs.gov; lkkanagy@usgs.gov; efurlong@usgs.gov; ckanagy@usgs.gov; jefmccoy@usgs.-gov; andrew.mason@noaa.gov; gunnar.lauenstein@noaa.-gov FU U.S. Coast Guard FX The authors would like to thank Doug Latch of Seattle University, who provided a technical review of this manuscript; and Donna Myers and Franceska Wilde, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), for program coordination. Greg Swayze and Geoff Plumlee of the USGS provided helpful discussions regarding location and thickness of surface oil sheens. Funding was provided by the U.S. Coast Guard through the Pollution Removal Funding Authorization. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 87 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.049 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278DD UT WOS:000328868400018 PM 24050713 ER PT J AU Sherrouse, BC Semmens, DJ Clement, JM AF Sherrouse, Benson C. Semmens, Darius J. Clement, Jessica M. TI An application of Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) to three national forests in Colorado and Wyoming SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Social-ecological systems; Cultural ecosystem services; Ecosystem-based management; National forests; Decision support; Geographic information system ID PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION GIS; SPATIAL ATTRIBUTES; MANAGEMENT; VALUATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; STAKEHOLDERS; MAXIMUM; SPACE; MODEL; PARK AB Despite widespread recognition that social-value information is needed to inform stakeholders and decision makers regarding trade-offs in environmental management, it too often remains absent from ecosystem service assessments. Although quantitative indicators of social values need to be explicitly accounted for in the decision-making process, they need not be monetary. Ongoing efforts to map such values demonstrate how they can also be made spatially explicit and relatable to underlying ecological information. We originally developed Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) as a tool to assess, map, and quantify nonmarket values perceived by various groups of ecosystem stakeholders. With SolVES 2.0 we have extended the functionality by integrating SolVES with Maxent maximum entropy modeling software to generate more complete social-value maps from available value and preference survey data and to produce more robust models describing the relationship between social values and ecosystems. The current study has two objectives: (1) evaluate how effectively the value index, a quantitative, nonmonetary social-value indicator calculated by SolVES, reproduces results from more common statistical methods of social-survey data analysis and (2) examine how the spatial results produced by SolVES provide additional information that could be used by managers and stakeholders to better understand more complex relationships among stakeholder values, attitudes, and preferences. To achieve these objectives, we applied SolVES to value and preference survey data collected for three national forests, the Pike and San Isabel in Colorado and the Bridger-Teton and the Shoshone in Wyoming. Value index results were generally consistent with results found through more common statistical analyses of the survey data such as frequency, discriminant function, and correlation analyses. In addition, spatial analysis of the social-value maps produced by SolVES provided information that was useful for explaining relationships between stakeholder values and forest uses. Our results suggest that SolVES can effectively reproduce information derived from traditional statistical analyses while adding spatially explicit, social-value information that can contribute to integrated resource assessment, planning, and management of forests and other ecosystems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sherrouse, Benson C.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Semmens, Darius J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Clement, Jessica M.] Univ Wyoming, Ruckelshaus Inst, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. RP Sherrouse, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM bcsherrouse@usgs.gov; dsemmens@usgs.gov; jessica.clement@uwyo.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey's Land Change Science Program FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Land Change Science Program. Special thanks are extended to Dianna M. Hogan of the U.S. Geological Survey and the journal's two anonymous manuscript reviewers for their constructive and insightful review comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 10 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 68 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.07.008 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281DV UT WOS:000329081100007 ER PT J AU Vondracek, B Koch, JD Beck, MW AF Vondracek, Bruce Koch, Justine D. Beck, Marcus W. TI A comparison of survey methods to evaluate macrophyte index of biotic integrity performance in Minnesota lakes SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Lake monitoring; IBI; Sampling effort; Point intercept; Belt transect ID SAMPLING EFFORT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LITTORAL-ZONE; BIODIVERSITY; ASSEMBLAGES; PATTERNS AB Aquatic macrophytes shape trophic web dynamics, provide food and refuge for macroinvertebrates and fish, and increase nutrient retention, sediment stabilization, and water clarity. Macrophytes are well-suited as indictors of ecological health because they are immobile, relatively easy to sample and identify, and respond to anthropogenic disturbance on an ecological time scale. Aquatic plant monitoring programs can provide valuable information to water resource managers, especially in conjunction with macrophyte-based indices of biotic integrity (IBI). However, there are several current sampling designs and the precision of IBI scores has not been evaluated across different surveys. We evaluated the performance of the Minnesota macrophyte-based IBI for two survey designs; a point intercept (PI) survey and a belt transect (BT) survey. PI surveys are time intensive, especially on large lakes, whereas BT are less time intensive and have been used historically in Minnesota. Our objectives were to compare the PI surveys with BT surveys on the same lakes, and to modify the BT survey (MT survey) to improve information obtained from BT surveys. BT surveys consistently overestimated IBI scores compared to the PI method (t = 6.268, df = 60, p < 0.001). Overall IBI scores calculated from MT surveys differed significantly from PI scores, but on average, MT surveys predicted scores only 3% lower than PI scores. Implementation of the Minnesota macrophyte-based IBI through the adoption of the MT survey approach would improve sampling efficiency and enable widespread documentation of the effects of landscape change, shifts in hydrologic regimes, and other anthropogenic activities on the integrity of lacustrine systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Koch, Justine D.; Beck, Marcus W.] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vondracek, B (reprint author), 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bvondrac@umn.edu; kochx174@umn.edu; beckx226@umn.edu FU U.S.Geological Survey; University of Minnesota; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S.Geological Survey, the University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.07.002 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281DV UT WOS:000329081100018 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Horak, KE Lazarus, RS Goldade, DA Johnston, JJ AF Rattner, Barnett A. Horak, Katherine E. Lazarus, Rebecca S. Goldade, David A. Johnston, John J. TI TOXICOKINETICS AND COAGULOPATHY THRESHOLD OF THE RODENTICIDE DIPHACINONE IN EASTERN SCREECH- OWLS (MEGASCOPS ASIO) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anticoagulant rodenticide; Clotting time; Half-life; Secondary poisoning; Toxicity reference value ID ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; NEW-YORK; RATS; METABOLISM; DIAGNOSIS; TOXICOSIS; TOXICITY; MICE AB In the United States, new regulations on second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides will likely be offset by expanded use of first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. In the present study, eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio) were fed 10 mu g diphacinone/g wet weight food for 7 d, and recovery was monitored over a 21-d postexposure period. By day 3 of exposure, diphacinone (DPN) was detected in liver (1.63 mu g/g wet wt) and kidney (5.83 mu g/g) and coagulopathy was apparent. By day 7, prothrombin time (PT) and Russell's viper venom time (RVVT) were prolonged, and some individuals were anemic. Upon termination of exposure, coagulopathy and anemia were resolved within 4 d, and residues decreased to <0.3 mu g/g by day 7. Liver and kidney DPN elimination occurred in 2 phases (initial rapid loss, followed by slower loss rate), with overall half-lives of 11.7 d and 2.1 d, respectively. Prolonged PT and RVVT occurred in 10% of the exposed owls with liver DPN concentrations of 0.122 mu g/g and 0.282 mu g/g and in 90% of the owls with liver concentrations of 0.638 mu g/g and 0.361 mu g/g. These liver residue levels associated with coagulopathy fall in the range of values reported in raptor mortality incidents involving DPN. These tissue-based toxicity reference values for coagulopathy in adult screech-owls have application for interpreting nontarget mortality and assessing the hazard of DPN in rodent-control operations. Diphacinone exposure evokes toxicity in raptors within a matter of days; but once exposure is terminated, recovery of hemostasis occurs rapidly. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:74-81. (c) 2013 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.; Lazarus, Rebecca S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Horak, Katherine E.; Goldade, David A.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Johnston, John J.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov FU US Department of Agriculture; US Geological Survey; California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee [07-0832] FX The authors thank A. Alicea-Lopez, W.C. Bauer, C. Caldwell, C.M. Chandler, B.A. Clauss, D.D. Day, C.S. Hulse, J.P. Male, M.E. Maxey, P.C. Osenton, and C.C. Shafer of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center for assistance with animal care and food preparation; S.F. Volker and N. Hoffman of the National Wildlife Research Center for assistance with the diphacinone analyses; and M.S. Johnson and N.B. Vyas for providing valuable comments on a draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, the US Geological Survey, and a grant from the California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee (agreement 07-0832). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 33 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1002/etc.2390 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 274HQ UT WOS:000328597800012 PM 24014246 ER PT J AU Garrettson, PR Raftovich, RV Hines, JE Zimmerman, GS AF Garrettson, Pamela R. Raftovich, Robert V. Hines, James E. Zimmerman, Guthrie S. TI Band Reporting Probabilities of Mallards, American Black Ducks, and Wood Ducks in Eastern North America SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aix sponsa; Anas platyrhynchos; Anas rubripes; band reporting probability; black duck; harvest rate; mallard; reward banding; wood duck ID REWARD BAND; RATES; REGULATIONS AB Estimates of band reporting probabilities are used for managing North American waterfowl to convert band recovery probabilities into harvest probabilities, which are used to set harvest regulations. Band reporting probability is the probability that someone who has shot and retrieved a banded bird will report the band. This probability can vary relative to a number of factors, particularly the inscription on the band and the ease with which it can be reported. Other factors, such as geographic reporting region, and species and sex of the bird may also play a role. We tested whether reporting probabilities of wood ducks (Aix sponsa) and American black ducks (black ducks; Anas rubripes) differed from those of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and whether band reporting varied geographically or by the sex of the banded bird. In the analysis of spatially comparable wood duck and mallard data, a band reporting probability of 0.73 (95% CI=0.67-0.78) was appropriate for use across species, sex, and reporting region within the United States. In the black duck-mallard comparison, the band reporting probability of black ducks in Eastern Canada (0.50, 95% CI=0.44-0.57) was lower than in the Eastern United States (0.73, 95% CI=0.62-0.83). These estimates reflected an increase in overall band reporting probability following the addition of a toll-free telephone number to band inscriptions. Lower reporting in Eastern Canada may be because of cultural, linguistic, or logistical barriers. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Garrettson, Pamela R.; Raftovich, Robert V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Zimmerman, Guthrie S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Garrettson, PR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM pam_garrettson@fws.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1002/jwmg.647 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500007 ER PT J AU Koch, SL Paton, PWC AF Koch, Stephanie L. Paton, Peter W. C. TI Assessing Anthropogenic Disturbances to Develop Buffer Zones for Shorebirds Using a Stopover Site SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE buffer; disturbance; flight-initiation distance; Massachusetts; pedestrians; shellfishing; shorebirds; stopover site ID OYSTERCATCHERS HAEMATOPUS-OSTRALEGUS; SANDERLINGS CALIDRIS-ALBA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BIRDS; POPULATION; DISTANCES; RESPONSES; CONSEQUENCES; WATERBIRDS; SANDPIPERS AB Anthropogenic disturbance can degrade the quality of stopover sites for migratory shorebirds. We investigated the potential effects of pedestrian traffic and shellfishing on foraging shorebirds at a key stopover site at Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge (Monomoy Refuge), Massachusetts, USA. We experimentally approached 11 species of shorebirds to quantify flight-initiation distances (FID) and found that species and age affected FID. Smaller Calidris sandpipers generally allowed pedestrians to approach within 25m before flushing, whereas larger shorebirds (black-bellied plover [Pluvialis squatarola] and American oystercatcher [Haematopus palliatus]) had FID over 50m. We also found that juveniles of all species had shorter FID than adults. Based on adult FID, we developed species-specific buffer distances for 11 species that ranged from 61m for least sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) to 186m for black-bellied plover. We also investigated the potential impacts of commercial and recreational shellfish harvesters, who rake for soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria) on mudflats where shorebirds actively foraged. Microhabitats with recent shellfishing activity had a positive influence on the density of 2 species (ruddy turnstone [Arenaria interpres], and American oystercatcher), whereas the presence of shellfishers did not appear to affect the density of other species of shorebird we monitored. We regularly detected black-bellied plovers and ruddy turnstones actively foraging in microhabitats where shellfishers had recently exposed sediment. Given the levels of shellfishing and pedestrian traffic at Monomoy Refuge, we found no evidence to suggest that current human activity has a strong negative impact on migratory shorebirds using Monomoy Refuge. However, if the amount of pedestrian traffic and shellfishing were to increase substantially, a buffer zone system might have to be implemented during peak migration periods to minimize impacts, with buffers >185m from key foraging sites to reduce disturbance to the most sensitive species. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society C1 [Koch, Stephanie L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. [Paton, Peter W. C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Koch, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Massachusetts Natl Wildlife Refuge Comple, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. EM stephanie_koch@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program; University of Rhode Island's Coastal Institute (National Science Foundation IGERT) [0504103]; Department of Natural Resources Science FX We are grateful to A. Bloomfield, A. Carr, A. Clark, M. Grant, and B. Harris for assistance conducting field work. We are also grateful for field support provided by Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge staff, especially M. Brady, C. Roderick, and M. Williams. We thank L. Gonzalez who provided useful suggestions for analysis and presentation of data. This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program, and the University of Rhode Island's Coastal Institute (National Science Foundation IGERT grant number 0504103) and Department of Natural Resources Science. This research was approved by the University of Rhode Island IACUC committee, approval number AN06-02-015. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1002/jwmg.631 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500008 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CC Fortin, JK Teisberg, JE Haroldson, MA Servheen, C Robbins, CT Van Manen, FT AF Schwartz, Charles C. Fortin, Jennifer K. Teisberg, Justin E. Haroldson, Mark A. Servheen, Christopher Robbins, Charles T. Van Manen, Frank T. TI Body and Diet Composition of Sympatric Black and Grizzly Bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; bioelectrical impedance; body condition; body mass; diet; grizzly bear; stable isotopes; Yellowstone ID NATIONAL-PARK; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; URSUS-ARCTOS; HYPOGEOUS FUNGUS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NORTH-AMERICA; NITROGEN; ELK; DISCRIMINATION AB The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) has experienced changes in the distribution and availability of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) food resources in recent decades. The decline of ungulates, fish, and whitebark pine seeds (Pinus albicaulis) has prompted questions regarding their ability to adapt. We examined body composition and diet of grizzly bears using bioelectrical impedance and stable isotopes to determine if 1) we can detect a change in diet quality associated with the decline in either ungulates or whitebark pine, and 2) the combined decline in ungulates, fish, and pine seeds resulted in a change in grizzly bear carrying capacity in the GYE. We contrasted body fat and mass in grizzly bears with a potential competitor, the American black bear (Ursus americanus), to address these questions. Grizzly bears assimilated more meat into their diet and were in better body condition than black bears throughout the study period, indicating the decline in ungulate resources did not affect grizzly bears more than black bears. We also found no difference in autumn fat levels in grizzly bears in years of good or poor pine seed production, and stable isotope analyses revealed this was primarily a function of switching to meat resources during poor seed-producing years. This dietary plasticity was consistent over the course of our study. We did not detect an overall downward trend in either body mass or the fraction of meat assimilated into the diet by grizzly bears over the past decade, but we did detect a downward trend in percent body fat in adult female grizzly bears after 2006. Whether this decline is an artifact of small sample size or due to the population reaching the ecological carrying capacity of the Yellowstone ecosystem warrants further investigation. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society C1 [Schwartz, Charles C.; Haroldson, Mark A.; Van Manen, Frank T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Fortin, Jennifer K.; Teisberg, Justin E.; Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Servheen, Christopher] Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM cschwartzconsulting@gmail.com FU United States Geological Survey (USGS)-National Park Service Natural Resource Preservation Program (NRPP); USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Washington State University Bear Center; Wyoming Game and Fish; Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks; Idaho Game and Fish; Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources at Yellowstone National Park FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS)-National Park Service Natural Resource Preservation Program (NRPP), USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington State University Bear Center, Wyoming Game and Fish, Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Idaho Game and Fish, and Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources at Yellowstone National Park. A number of individuals were instrumental in sample collection and analyses. We thank D. S. Moody, J. J. Jonkel, K. D. Inberg, B. O. Schleyer, C. A. Dickinson, M. J. Lamoreux, M. A. Ternent, M. J. Biel, G. W. Holm, C. L. Whitman, J. F. Smith, J. Ball, S. Thompson, D. W. Blanton, C. B. McQueary, D. D. Bjornlie, R. G. Grogan, and S. L. Cain for assistance with bear capture and handling. S. Cain reviewed a previous draft of the manuscript as part of the USGS Fundamental Science Practices. This study complied with current laws of the United States of America, was conducted in accordance with animal care and use guidelines, and was approved by the United States Geological Survey Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 80 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1002/jwmg.633 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500009 ER PT J AU Monfils, MJ Brown, PW Hayes, DB Soulliere, GJ Kafcas, EN AF Monfils, Michael J. Brown, Patrick W. Hayes, Daniel B. Soulliere, Gregory J. Kafcas, Ernest N. TI Breeding Bird Use and Wetland Characteristics of Diked and Undiked Coastal Marshes in Michigan SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE breeding; diked wetlands; Great Lakes coastal wetlands; marsh birds; Michigan ID GREAT-LAKES; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DABBLING DUCK; NEW-YORK; RESPONSES; VEGETATION; HABITAT; ERIE; MANAGEMENT AB Dikes were built on Great Lakes coastal wetlands to enable water level management for wetland wildlife, particularly waterfowl, but few studies have compared bird use of these areas to undiked sites. During 2005-2007, we evaluated 9 diked and 7 undiked coastal wetlands at the St. Clair Flats (Lake St. Clair) and Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) of Michigan, USA. We compared bird use of diked and undiked wetlands via 605 10-minute point counts at randomly selected locations of emergent marsh and 287 45-minute surveys of randomly selected open water areas. We also measured wetland characteristics in 1,521 randomly selected 0.25-m(2) quadrats to compare vegetation and physical conditions between diked and undiked wetlands. Diked wetlands had greater coverage and density of cattail (Typha spp.), coverage of floating-leaved plants, water depth, and organic sediment depth compared to nearby undiked sites, whereas undiked wetlands had greater coverage and density of common reed (Phragmites australis) and bulrush (Schoenoplectus spp.) than diked wetlands. Bird species richness and similarity indices indicated comparable breeding bird communities. We observed greater abundances of Canada goose (Branta canadensis), wood duck (Aix sponsa), American bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), least bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), and common gallinule (Gallinula galeata) in diked wetlands. These species likely responded to the deep-water cattail marsh and aquatic bed dominating most diked sites. American coot (Fulica americana), Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri), ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis), and herring gull (Larus argentatus) abundance indices were greater in undiked wetlands, likely related to nesting and foraging habitat provided by the shallower, more open wetlands and connecting lakes. Diked wetlands did not benefit the bird community to the degree expected and conditions in diked areas were indicative of deep marshes with stabilized water levels. Periodic late-summer drawdowns could encourage growth of plants we found associated with greater abundance of some priority bird species and reduction of floating vegetation negatively associated with abundance of several species. However, effective control of invasive common reed is needed to reduce risk of expansion during impoundment dewatering. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Monfils, Michael J.; Brown, Patrick W.] Michigan State Univ Extens, Michigan Nat Features Inventory, Lansing, MI 48901 USA. [Hayes, Daniel B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Soulliere, Gregory J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River & Great Lakes Reg Joint V, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Kafcas, Ernest N.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Div, Harrison Township, MI 48045 USA. RP Monfils, MJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ Extens, Michigan Nat Features Inventory, POB 13036, Lansing, MI 48901 USA. EM monfilsm@msu.edu FU Federal Aid in Restoration Act under Pittman-Robertson project [W-147-R]; United States Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service via the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture; Rocky Mountain Goats Foundation; Michigan State University (MSU) Graduate School FX Financial support was provided by the Federal Aid in Restoration Act under Pittman-Robertson project W-147-R, United States Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service via the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture, Rocky Mountain Goats Foundation, and Michigan State University (MSU) Graduate School. J. Schafer (Michigan Department of Natural Resources [DNR]) helped initiate the project and provided substantial logistical support. Valuable input was provided by T. Burton and K. Millenbah of MSU. Many DNR personnel provided advice, equipment, and logistical support, including B. Avers, D. Avers, M. Donovan, T. Gierman, A. Karr, and D. Luukkonen. We thank the following individuals for conducting field work: J. Bobick, A. Boetcher, K. Borland, J. Gehring, J. List, R. Loiselle, B. Noel, M. Perkins, C. Provence, M. Sanders, E. Ter Haar, and S. Warner. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1002/jwmg.637 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500010 ER PT J AU Hyslop, NL Meyers, JM Cooper, RJ Stevenson, DJ AF Hyslop, Natalie L. Meyers, J. Michael Cooper, Robert J. Stevenson, Dirk J. TI Effects of Body Size and Sex of Drymarchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake) on Habitat Use, Movements, and Home Range Size in Georgia SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conservation; Drymarchon couperi; eastern indigo snake; Georgia; gopher tortoise; habitat use; home range; movement; telemetry ID SQUARES CROSS-VALIDATION; CENTRAL FLORIDA; CORAIS-COUPERI; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; ECOSYSTEM; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPES; PREFERENCE AB The federally threatened eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon couperi), native to the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States, has experienced population declines caused primarily by habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. To examine spatial and habitat use requirements of the species, we radiotracked 32 eastern indigo snakes from 2002 to 2004 on Fort Stewart Military Installation and adjacent private lands in Georgia. We estimated annual and seasonal home ranges and evaluated a priori hypotheses examining morphometric and ecological factors (sex, body size, location) associated with intraspecific differences in home range size. We analyzed habitat use hierarchically by examining use across the study area and within home ranges. Annual home range size varied from 33 ha to 1,528 ha (average minimum convex polygon: (x) over bar (2003)=378 ha; (x) over bar (2004)=340 ha). Individual home range size was most influenced by sex (males with larger home ranges) followed by body size. Compositional analysis of habitat use suggested positive selection for wetland, evergreen forest, and pine-hardwood (mixed) forest, with an avoidance of roads and deciduous forests. Seasonally, indigo snakes used the highest diversity of habitats as they moved from xeric uplands (sandhills) in winter and early spring to wetlands and uplands other than sandhills in summer; however, snakes continued to use sandhill habitats (35-58% of locations seasonally) with gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows throughout the warmest months. In Georgia, management and conservation of the eastern indigo snake should include conservation of large tracts of undeveloped land, containing a matrix of xeric uplands with suitable underground shelters and adjacent wetland habitats. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Hyslop, Natalie L.; Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Meyers, J. Michael] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stevenson, Dirk J.] US Army, Ft Stewart Directorate, Publ Works Fish & Wildlife Branch, Ft Stewart, GA 31314 USA. RP Hyslop, NL (reprint author), Univ North Georgia, Dept Biol, Gainesville, GA 30503 USA. EM nhyslop@ung.edu FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Nongame Wildlife and Natural Heritage Section; United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Nongame Wildlife and Natural Heritage Section (Section 6 funding by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), and United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center funded this research. We thank the wildlife biologists and land managers of Fort Stewart for their considerable assistance throughout this project, particularly T. Beaty, and L. Carlile. We gratefully acknowledge J. Jensen and M. Harris for support of this project, J. Caligiure for base access assistance, and J. Thrift. T. Norton, Wildlife Conservation Society, and St. Catherines Island Foundation provided invaluable services and assistance with implantation procedures. We also thank 2 anonymous reviewers, J. W. Gibbons, C. Hass, and D. Steen for comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1002/jwmg.645 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500012 ER PT J AU Timmer, JM Butler, MJ Ballard, WB Boal, CW Whitlaw, HA AF Timmer, Jennifer M. Butler, Matthew J. Ballard, Warren B. Boal, Clint W. Whitlaw, Heather A. TI Spatially Explicit Modeling of Lesser Prairie-Chicken Lek Density in Texas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; energy development; grassland; hierarchical distance sampling; landscape characteristics; natural gas; oil; roads; shrubland; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; TYMPANUCHUS-PALLIDICINCTUS; HABITAT LOSS; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; CONSERVATION; IMPACTS AB As with many other grassland birds, lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) have experienced population declines in the Southern Great Plains. Currently they are proposed for federal protection under the Endangered Species Act. In addition to a history of land-uses that have resulted in habitat loss, lesser prairie-chickens now face a new potential disturbance from energy development. We estimated lek density in the occupied lesser prairie-chicken range of Texas, USA, and modeled anthropogenic and vegetative landscape features associated with lek density. We used an aerial line-transect survey method to count lesser prairie-chicken leks in spring 2010 and 2011 and surveyed 208 randomly selected 51.84-km(2) blocks. We divided each survey block into 12.96-km(2) quadrats and summarized landscape variables within each quadrat. We then used hierarchical distance-sampling models to examine the relationship between lek density and anthropogenic and vegetative landscape features and predict how lek density may change in response to changes on the landscape, such as an increase in energy development. Our best models indicated lek density was related to percent grassland, region (i.e., the northeast or southwest region of the Texas Panhandle), total percentage of grassland and shrubland, paved road density, and active oil and gas well density. Predicted lek density peaked at 0.39leks/12.96km(2) (SE=0.09) and 2.05leks/12.96km(2) (SE=0.56) in the northeast and southwest region of the Texas Panhandle, respectively, which corresponds to approximately 88% and 44% grassland in the northeast and southwest region. Lek density increased with an increase in total percentage of grassland and shrubland and was greatest in areas with lower densities of paved roads and lower densities of active oil and gas wells. We used the 2 most competitive models to predict lek abundance and estimated 236 leks (CV=0.138, 95% CI=177-306leks) for our sampling area. Our results suggest that managing landscapes to maintain a greater percentage of grassland and shrubland on the landscape with a greater ratio of grasses to shrubs in the northeast Panhandle should promote greater lek density. Furthermore, increases in paved road and active oil and gas well densities may reduce lek density. This information will be useful for future conservation planning efforts for land protection, policy decisions, and decision analyses. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society C1 [Timmer, Jennifer M.; Ballard, Warren B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Butler, Matthew J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Timmer, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, 1499 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM timmerj3@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Energy; TPWD; Texas Tech University FX We thank J. Bonner and R. Martin from TPWD for organizing and leading TPWD's contribution to the aerial surveys in 2010 and 2011, respectively. We also thank TPWD for sharing the transmission line and oil and gas data for our modeling efforts. We thank J. Ashling, J. Leal, J. R. Leal, and K. Pyle for assisting with the aerial surveys. We also could not have completed our aerial surveys successfully or safely without the skill and guidance of our pilots, A. Wheatly, D. Wooten, A. Lange, M. Huggins, K. Lange, R. Norris, and T. Webb. This project was funded by a U.S. Department of Energy grant and additional financial contribution from TPWD and Texas Tech University. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is Texas Tech University, College of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources technical publication T-9-1232. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1002/jwmg.646 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500016 ER PT J AU Van Der Burg, MP Bly, BB Vercauteren, T Grand, JB Tyre, AJ AF Van Der Burg, Max Post Bly, Bartholomew B. Vercauteren, Tammy Grand, James B. Tyre, Andrew J. TI On the Role of Budget Sufficiency, Cost Efficiency, and Uncertainty in Species Management SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea); conservation budgets; decision analysis; info-gap decision theory; prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) ID PRAIRIE DOG COLONIES; BURROWING OWLS; RESERVE SELECTION; DETECTION PROBABILITY; ATHENE-CUNICULARIA; HABITAT QUALITY; MOUNTAIN PLOVER; GREAT-PLAINS; CONSERVATION; MODELS AB Many conservation planning frameworks rely on the assumption that one should prioritize locations for management actions based on the highest predicted conservation value (i.e., abundance, occupancy). This strategy may underperform relative to the expected outcome if one is working with a limited budget or the predicted responses are uncertain. Yet, cost and tolerance to uncertainty rarely become part of species management plans. We used field data and predictive models to simulate a decision problem involving western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) using prairie dog colonies (Cynomys ludovicianus) in western Nebraska. We considered 2 species management strategies: one maximized abundance and the other maximized abundance in a cost-efficient way. We then used heuristic decision algorithms to compare the 2 strategies in terms of how well they met a hypothetical conservation objective. Finally, we performed an info-gap decision analysis to determine how these strategies performed under different budget constraints and uncertainty about owl response. Our results suggested that when budgets were sufficient to manage all sites, the maximizing strategy was optimal and suggested investing more in expensive actions. This pattern persisted for restricted budgets up to approximately 50% of the sufficient budget. Below this budget, the cost-efficient strategy was optimal and suggested investing in cheaper actions. When uncertainty in the expected responses was introduced, the strategy that maximized abundance remained robust under a sufficient budget. Reducing the budget induced a slight trade-off between expected performance and robustness, which suggested that the most robust strategy depended both on one's budget and tolerance to uncertainty. Our results suggest that wildlife managers should explicitly account for budget limitations and be realistic about their expected levels of performance. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Van Der Burg, Max Post; Tyre, Andrew J.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Van Der Burg, Max Post] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Bly, Bartholomew B.; Vercauteren, Tammy] Rocky Mt Bird Observ, Brighton, CO 80601 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Van Der Burg, MP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov OI Post van der Burg, Max/0000-0002-3943-4194 FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC); State Wildlife Grant [T-47]; Nebraska Environmental Trust Grant [05-182]; NGPC Nongame and Endangered Species Conservation Funds FX We would like to thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC) for financial support. Our research was funded with State Wildlife Grant (T-47), Nebraska Environmental Trust Grant (05-182), and NGPC Nongame and Endangered Species Conservation Funds. The University of Nebraska Lincoln Research Computing Facility provided the computational resources for fitting the models. We especially would like to thank A. Pearse, Associate Editor B. Thompson, and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. We would also like to thank T. Wooten for his diligent field work in collecting the burrowing owl data. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1002/jwmg.638 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500017 ER PT J AU Jacques, CN Jenks, JA Grovenburg, TW Klaver, RW Deperno, CS AF Jacques, Christopher N. Jenks, Jonathan A. Grovenburg, Troy W. Klaver, Robert W. Deperno, Christopher S. TI Incorporating Detection Probability Into Northern Great Plains Pronghorn Population Estimates SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; Antilocapra americana; detection probability; mark-resight models; northern great plains; pronghorn; South Dakota; visibility bias ID AERIAL LINE TRANSECT; WHITE-TAILED DEER; SIGHTABILITY MODEL; VISIBILITY BIAS; MULE DEER; MARK; ELK; HELICOPTER; MOOSE; ABUNDANCE AB Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) abundances commonly are estimated using fixed-wing surveys, but these estimates are likely to be negatively biased because of violations of key assumptions underpinning line-transect methodology. Reducing bias and improving precision of abundance estimates through use of detection probability and mark-resight models may allow for more responsive pronghorn management actions. Given their potential application in population estimation, we evaluated detection probability and mark-resight models for use in estimating pronghorn population abundance. We used logistic regression to quantify probabilities that detecting pronghorn might be influenced by group size, animal activity, percent vegetation, cover type, and topography. We estimated pronghorn population size by study area and year using mixed logit-normal mark-resight (MLNM) models. Pronghorn detection probability increased with group size, animal activity, and percent vegetation; overall detection probability was 0.639 (95% CI=0.612-0.667) with 396 of 620 pronghorn groups detected. Despite model selection uncertainty, the best detection probability models were 44% (range=8-79%) and 180% (range=139-217%) greater than traditional pronghorn population estimates. Similarly, the best MLNM models were 28% (range=3-58%) and 147% (range=124-180%) greater than traditional population estimates. Detection probability of pronghorn was not constant but depended on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. When pronghorn detection probability is a function of animal group size, animal activity, landscape complexity, and percent vegetation, traditional aerial survey techniques will result in biased pronghorn abundance estimates. Standardizing survey conditions, increasing resighting occasions, or accounting for variation in individual heterogeneity in mark-resight models will increase the accuracy and precision of pronghorn population estimates. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Jacques, Christopher N.; Jenks, Jonathan A.; Grovenburg, Troy W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Deperno, Christopher S.] N Carolina State Univ, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Jacques, CN (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM cn-jacques@wiu.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [75103]; Pope and Young Club; Dacotah Chapter of the Safari Club International; South Dakota State University; Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University FX Funding was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration administered by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, Study No. 75103, the Pope and Young Club, Dacotah Chapter of the Safari Club International, and South Dakota State University. We appreciate the support provided by the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University. We are grateful to A. R. Anderson, E. Maichak, J. L. Wilkens, and T. J. Zimmerman for their assistance in conducting aerial transect surveys. We thank G. C. White and E. O. Garton for reviewing an earlier draft of our manuscript. We thank South Dakota Civil Air Patrol pilots M. Beason, L. J. Becht, R. A. Deweese, G. T. Kirk, and C. Trumble for assistance conducting aerial surveys. We are indebted to all the landowners that allowed access to their property throughout our study. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 164 EP 174 DI 10.1002/jwmg.634 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500018 ER PT J AU Fuller, AK AF Fuller, Angela K. TI Decision Making in Natural Resource Management: A Structured Adaptive Approach SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Fuller, AK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM angela.fuller@cornell.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 175 EP 176 DI 10.1002/jwmg.629 PG 2 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500019 ER PT J AU McEwen, AS Dundas, CM Mattson, SS Toigo, AD Ojha, L Wray, JJ Chojnacki, M Byrne, S Murchie, SL Thomas, N AF McEwen, Alfred S. Dundas, Colin M. Mattson, Sarah S. Toigo, Anthony D. Ojha, Lujendra Wray, James J. Chojnacki, Matthew Byrne, Shane Murchie, Scott L. Thomas, Nicolas TI Recurring slope lineae in equatorial regions of Mars SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LIQUID WATER; SURFACE; STABILITY; BRINES; TES AB The presence of liquid water is a requirement of habitability on a planet. Possible indicators of liquid surface water on Mars include intermittent flow-like features observed on sloping terrains. These recurring slope lineae are narrow, dark markings on steep slopes that appear and incrementally lengthen during warm seasons on low-albedo surfaces. The lineae fade in cooler seasons and recur over multiple Mars years. Recurring slope lineae were initially reported to appear and lengthen at mid-latitudes in the late southern spring and summer and are more common on equator-facing slopes where and when the peak surface temperatures are higher. Here we report extensive activity of recurring slope lineae in equatorial regions of Mars, particularly in the deep canyons of Valles Marineris, from analysis of data acquired by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. We observe the lineae to be most active in seasons when the slopes often face the sun. Expected peak temperatures suggest that activity may not depend solely on temperature. Although the origin of the recurring slope lineae remains an open question, our observations are consistent with intermittent flow of briny water. Such an origin suggests surprisingly abundant liquid water in some near-surface equatorial regions of Mars. C1 [McEwen, Alfred S.; Mattson, Sarah S.; Chojnacki, Matthew; Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Toigo, Anthony D.; Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Ojha, Lujendra; Wray, James J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Thomas, Nicolas] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland. RP McEwen, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Ojha, Lujendra/B-2805-2013; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Chojnacki, Matthew/A-4245-2013; OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Chojnacki, Matthew/0000-0001-8497-8994; Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU NASA FX We thank the MRO and Mars Odyssey projects and science teams for returning a wealth of data, and we thank NASA for supporting extended mission science. P. R. Christensen provided constructive review comments. NASA's MRO project and Mars Data Analysis Program supported this work. NR 40 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 60 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1038/NGEO2014 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 279LY UT WOS:000328962700020 ER PT J AU Guzman, DSM Drazenovich, TL KuKanich, B Olsen, GH Willits, NH Paul-Murphy, JR AF Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon Drazenovich, Tracy L. KuKanich, Butch Olsen, Glenn H. Willits, Neil H. Paul-Murphy, Joanne R. TI Evaluation of thermal antinociceptive effects and pharmacokinetics after intramuscular administration of butorphanol tartrate to American kestrels (Falco sparverius) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PARROTS AMAZONA-VENTRALIS; HAWKS BUTEO-JAMAICENSIS; OPIOID-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA; INTRAVENOUS HYDROMORPHONE; HALIAEETUS-LEUCOCEPHALUS; TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE; ORAL TRAMADOL; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; CATS AB Objective-To evaluate antinociceptive effects and pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate after IM administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Animals-Fifteen 2- to 3-year-old American kestrels (6 males and 9 females). Procedures-Butorphanol (1, 3, and 6 mg/kg) and saline (0.9% NaCl) solution were administered IM to birds in a crossover experimental design. Agitation-sedation scores and foot withdrawal response to a thermal stimulus were determined 30 to 60 minutes before (baseline) and 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours after treatment. For the pharmacokinetic analysis, butorphanol (6 mg/kg, IM) was administered in the pectoral muscles of each of 12 birds. Results-In male kestrels, butorphanol did not significantly increase thermal thresholds for foot withdrawal, compared with results for saline solution administration. However, at 1.5 hours after administration of 6 mg of butorphanol/kg, the thermal threshold was significantly decreased, compared with the baseline value. Foot withdrawal threshold for female kestrels after butorphanol administration did not differ significantly from that after saline solution administration. However, compared with the baseline value, withdrawal threshold was significantly increased for 1 mg/kg at 0.5 and 6 hours, 3 mg/kg at 6 hours, and 6 mg/kg at 3 hours. There were no significant differences in mean sedation-agitation scores, except for males at 1.5 hours after administration of 6 mg/kg. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-Butorphanol did not cause thermal antinociception suggestive of analgesia in American kestrels. Sex-dependent responses were identified. Further studies are needed to evaluate the analgesic effects of butorphanol in raptors. C1 [Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Drazenovich, Tracy L.; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vet Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Willits, Neil H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Stat, Coll Letters & Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [KuKanich, Butch] Kansas State Univ, Dept Anat & Physiol, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Olsen, Glenn H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Guzman, DSM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vet Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM guzman@ucdavis.edu FU Morris Animal Foundation [D10ZO-305] FX Supported by the Morris Animal Foundation (grant No. D10ZO-305). NR 56 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 75 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 280AS UT WOS:000329001700001 PM 24370240 ER PT J AU Tang, M Jiao, Y Jones, JW AF Tang, Man Jiao, Yan Jones, Jess W. TI A hierarchical Bayesian approach for estimating freshwater mussel growth based on tag-recapture data SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hierarchical Bayesian models; PIT tags; Freshwater mussels; Growth rate; Von Bertalanffy ID FLORENTINA-WALKERI BIVALVIA; MODEL SELECTION UNCERTAINTY; COD GADUS-MORHUA; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; RED ABALONE; PARAMETERS; UNIONIDAE; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY AB In fisheries stock assessment and management, the von Bertalanffy growth model is commonly used to describe individual growth of many species by fitting age-at-length data. However, it is difficult or impossible to determine accurate individual ages in some cases. Mark-recapture survey becomes an alternative choice to collect individual growth information. In mark-recapture studies, some tagged animals can be recaptured more than one time and ignorance of the autocorrelations for each individual may result in substantial biases in estimations of growth parameters. To investigate the existence of individual and sex variability in growth, we designed an experiment to collect mark-recapture data for one endangered freshwater mussel species (Epioblasma capsaeformis) and one common, non-imperiled species (Actinonaias pectorosa) by using a passive integrated transponder (PIT) technique. Models with individual and sex variability (M1), sex-related differences (M2), individual variability (M3) and nonhierarchy (M4) were developed to estimate growth of E. capsaeformis and A. pectorosa. Deviance information criterion (DIC) was used to measure the performance of these models. For E. capsaefonnis, female mussels tended to have higher means of asymptotic length (44.96 mm) and growth rate coefficient (0.283/year) than males (42.18 mm and 0.213/year). The model M3 yielded the lowest DIC value for both species, indicating individual differences should be considered in parameter estimation. Thus, we suggest that a hierarchical approach be used to consider individual variability for modeling growth of mussels with mark-recapture data, especially when there is a high percentage of multiple recaptures. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Man; Jiao, Yan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jones, Jess W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM tman5@vt.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [0210510]; Bayesian population dynamics modeling to guide population restoration and recovery of endangered mussels in the Clinch and Powell Rivers, Tennessee and Virginia; U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Program FX This project was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Hatch project #0210510, and a grant for Bayesian population dynamics modeling to guide population restoration and recovery of endangered mussels in the Clinch and Powell Rivers, Tennessee and Virginia, awarded by the U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Program. Discussions with and comments from Yan Li and Dan Hua were helpful in improving the study. Special thanks is owed to the many people who helped conduct the fieldwork for this project, including Tim Lane, Andrew Phipps, Caitlin Carey and the many other technicians at the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Blacksburg, VA. We would also like to thank Dan Hua of Virginia Tech, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation for providing a map of the upper Clinch River at Cleveland Islands, Virginia. The views expressed in this article are the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFVVS). NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 149 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.09.005 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 275YQ UT WOS:000328715700004 ER PT J AU Otero, J L'Abee-Lund, JH Castro-Santos, T Leonardsson, K Storvik, GO Jonsson, B Dempson, B Russell, IC Jensen, AJ Bagliniere, JL Dionne, M Armstrong, JD Romakkaniemi, A Letcher, BH Kocik, JF Erkinaro, J Poole, R Rogan, G Lundqvist, H MacLean, JC Jokikokko, E Arnekleiv, JV Kennedy, RJ Niemela, E Caballero, P Music, PA Antonsson, T Gudjonsson, S Veselov, AE Lamberg, A Groom, S Taylor, BH Taberner, M Dillane, M Arnason, F Horton, G Hvidsten, NA Jonsson, IR Jonsson, N McKelvey, S Naesje, TF Skaala, O Smith, GW Saegrov, H Stenseth, NC Vollestad, LA AF Otero, Jaime L'Abee-Lund, Jan Henning Castro-Santos, Ted Leonardsson, Kjell Storvik, Geir O. Jonsson, Bror Dempson, Brian Russell, Ian C. Jensen, Arne J. Bagliniere, Jean-Luc Dionne, Melanie Armstrong, John D. Romakkaniemi, Atso Letcher, Benjamin H. Kocik, John F. Erkinaro, Jaakko Poole, Russell Rogan, Ger Lundqvist, Hans MacLean, Julian C. Jokikokko, Erkki Arnekleiv, Jo Vegar Kennedy, Richard J. Niemela, Eero Caballero, Pablo Music, Paul A. Antonsson, Thorolfur Gudjonsson, Sigurdur Veselov, Alexey E. Lamberg, Anders Groom, Steve Taylor, Benjamin H. Taberner, Malcolm Dillane, Mary Arnason, Fridthjofur Horton, Gregg Hvidsten, Nils A. Jonsson, Ingi R. Jonsson, Nina McKelvey, Simon Naesje, Tor F. Skaala, Oystein Smith, Gordon W. Saegrov, Harald Stenseth, Nils C. Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn TI Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; freshwater conditions; North Atlantic; phenology; sea surface temperature; smolt emigration ID FRESH-WATER ENVIRONMENT; SMOLT MIGRATION; BROWN TROUT; RIVER IMSA; MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; POST-SMOLTS; TEMPERATURE; SEA; POPULATION AB Migrations between different habitats are key events in the lives of many organisms. Such movements involve annually recurring travel over long distances usually triggered by seasonal changes in the environment. Often, the migration is associated with travel to or from reproduction areas to regions of growth. Young anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) emigrate from freshwater nursery areas during spring and early summer to feed and grow in the North Atlantic Ocean. The transition from the freshwater (parr') stage to the migratory stage where they descend streams and enter salt water (smolt') is characterized by morphological, physiological and behavioural changes where the timing of this parr-smolt transition is cued by photoperiod and water temperature. Environmental conditions in the freshwater habitat control the downstream migration and contribute to within- and among-river variation in migratory timing. Moreover, the timing of the freshwater emigration has likely evolved to meet environmental conditions in the ocean as these affect growth and survival of the post-smolts. Using generalized additive mixed-effects modelling, we analysed spatio-temporal variations in the dates of downstream smolt migration in 67 rivers throughout the North Atlantic during the last five decades and found that migrations were earlier in populations in the east than the west. After accounting for this spatial effect, the initiation of the downstream migration among rivers was positively associated with freshwater temperatures, up to about 10 degrees C and levelling off at higher values, and with sea-surface temperatures. Earlier migration occurred when river discharge levels were low but increasing. On average, the initiation of the smolt seaward migration has occurred 2.5days earlier per decade throughout the basin of the North Atlantic. This shift in phenology matches changes in air, river, and ocean temperatures, suggesting that Atlantic salmon emigration is responding to the current global climate changes. C1 [Otero, Jaime; Storvik, Geir O.; Stenseth, Nils C.; Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, CEES, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [L'Abee-Lund, Jan Henning] Norwegian Water & Energy Directorate, N-0301 Oslo, Norway. [Castro-Santos, Ted; Letcher, Benjamin H.; Horton, Gregg] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Leonardsson, Kjell; Lundqvist, Hans] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm Studies SLU, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Storvik, Geir O.] Univ Oslo, Dept Math, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Jonsson, Bror; Jonsson, Nina] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Dempson, Brian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Russell, Ian C.] Cefas Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Jensen, Arne J.; Hvidsten, Nils A.; Naesje, Tor F.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Bagliniere, Jean-Luc] INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 0985, ESE, F-35000 Rennes, France. [Dionne, Melanie] Minist Dev Durable Environm Faune & Parcs Quebec, Direct Faune Aquat, Ste Foy, PQ, Canada. [Romakkaniemi, Atso; Erkinaro, Jaakko; Niemela, Eero] Univ Oulu, Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland. [Kocik, John F.; Music, Paul A.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Poole, Russell; Rogan, Ger; Dillane, Mary] Inst Marine, Fisheries Ecosyst Advisory Serv, Newport, Mayo, Ireland. [Jokikokko, Erkki] Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, Bothnian Bay Fisheries Res Stn, FI-94450 Keminmaa, Finland. [Arnekleiv, Jo Vegar] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Sect Nat Hist, Museum Nat Hist & Archaeol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Kennedy, Richard J.] Agrifood & Biosci Inst, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. [Caballero, Pablo] Conselleria Medio Rural Xunta Galicia, Secc Biodiversidade, Serv Conservac Nat Pontevedra, Pontevedra 36071, Spain. [Antonsson, Thorolfur; Gudjonsson, Sigurdur; Arnason, Fridthjofur; Jonsson, Ingi R.] Inst Freshwater Fisheries, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Veselov, Alexey E.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Karelian Res Ctr, Petrozavodsk 185910, Russia. [Lamberg, Anders] Vilt & Fiskeinfo AS, N-7054 Ranheim, Norway. [Groom, Steve; Taylor, Benjamin H.; Taberner, Malcolm] Plymouth Marine Lab, Remote Sensing Grp, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Skaala, Oystein] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Saegrov, Harald] Radgivende Biologer AS, N-5003 Bergen, Norway. [Stenseth, Nils C.] Inst Marine Res, Flodevigen Marine Res Stn, N-4817 His, Norway. RP Otero, J (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain. EM j.o.villar@bio.uio.no RI Otero, Jaime/C-4848-2015; Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016; OI Otero, Jaime/0000-0001-8020-0157; Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399; Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 FU Norwegian Research Council [183989/S30]; Norwegian Water and Energy Directorate (NVE) FX This study is part of the Norwegian Research Council project no 183989/S30. J.O. acknowledges additional funding from Norwegian Water and Energy Directorate (NVE). We are grateful to all those people who manned the smolt counting facilities in all countries. This study would not be possible without their work. Earth Observation data were provided by the NERC EO Data Acquisition and Analysis Service, Plymouth. Dr. Alex Haro and four reviewers provided helpful comments and suggestions that greatly improved earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1111/gcb.12363 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266BZ UT WOS:000327998600007 PM 23966281 ER PT J AU Rode, KD Regehr, EV Douglas, DC Durner, G Derocher, AE Thiemann, GW Budge, SM AF Rode, Karyn D. Regehr, Eric V. Douglas, David C. Durner, George Derocher, Andrew E. Thiemann, Gregory W. Budge, Suzanne M. TI Variation in the response of an Arctic top predator experiencing habitat loss: feeding and reproductive ecology of two polar bear populations SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Body condition; body size; climate change; diet; feeding ecology; morphometrics; reproduction; Ursus maritimus ID GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; URSUS-MARITIMUS; BODY-SIZE; CHUKCHI SEAS; OPEN-WATER; BROWN BEARS; ICE EXTENT; SERUM UREA AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have experienced substantial changes in the seasonal availability of sea ice habitat in parts of their range, including the Beaufort, Chukchi, and Bering Seas. In this study, we compared the body size, condition, and recruitment of polar bears captured in the Chukchi and Bering Seas (CS) between two periods (1986-1994 and 2008-2011) when declines in sea ice habitat occurred. In addition, we compared metrics for the CS population 2008-2011 with those of the adjacent southern Beaufort Sea (SB) population where loss in sea ice habitat has been associated with declines in body condition, size, recruitment, and survival. We evaluated how variation in body condition and recruitment were related to feeding ecology. Comparing habitat conditions between populations, there were twice as many reduced ice days over continental shelf waters per year during 2008-2011 in the SB than in the CS. CS polar bears were larger and in better condition, and appeared to have higher reproduction than SB bears. Although SB and CS bears had similar diets, twice as many bears were fasting in spring in the SB than in the CS. Between 1986-1994 and 2008-2011, body size, condition, and recruitment indices in the CS were not reduced despite a 44-day increase in the number of reduced ice days. Bears in the CS exhibited large body size, good body condition, and high indices of recruitment compared to most other populations measured to date. Higher biological productivity and prey availability in the CS relative to the SB, and a shorter recent history of reduced sea ice habitat, may explain the maintenance of condition and recruitment of CS bears. Geographic differences in the response of polar bears to climate change are relevant to range-wide forecasts for this and other ice-dependent species. C1 [Rode, Karyn D.; Regehr, Eric V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Durner, George] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Thiemann, Gregory W.] York Univ, Fac Environm Studies, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Budge, Suzanne M.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada. RP Rode, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM krode@usgs.gov RI Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Thiemann, Gregory/J-9517-2013; OI Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS); US Geological Survey (USGS); National Science Foundation [OPP 0732713]; US Bureau of Land Management; ArcticNet; US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Project; Quark Expeditions; World Wildlife Fund (Canada) FX US-based polar bear captures were funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the US Geological Survey (USGS) (Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change Mission Areas), National Science Foundation grant (OPP 0732713) to the University of Wyoming, and the US Bureau of Land Management. In Canada, captures were funded by ArcticNet, US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environment Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Polar Continental Shelf Project, Quark Expeditions, and World Wildlife Fund (Canada). This research was permitted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act under FWS permit MA046081 and USGS permit MA 690038 and followed protocols approved by Animal Care and Use Committees of the FWS, USGS (assurance no. 2010-3), and the University of Alberta. G. Garner (deceased) led capture efforts in the CS in the 1980s and 1990s and S. Amstrup led the long-term capture program in the SB that provided data for this study. E. Regehr and K. Rode let capture efforts in the CS in the 2000s. In addition,, C. Gardner, S. Arthur, G. York, C. Perham, S. Miller, M. St. Martin, J. Wilder, T. DeBruyn, M. Lockhart, N. Ovsyanikov, K. Simac, A. Pagano, L. Peacock, J. Bromaghin, S. Cherry, A. McCall, M. Auger-Methe, J. Pongracz, S. Hamilton, and N. Pilfold assisted with data collection. R. Donaldson, J. Carie, C. Stansbury, T. Evans and K. Knott assisted with sample processing. The community of Point Hope, the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Red Dog mine, Teck Alaska Inc, and Nana provided significant field support. The USGS thanks the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management for logistical support. We thank our excellent pilots for ensuring safe capture seasons. C. Jay, T. Fischbach, S. Iverson, and L. Quakenbush provided data or samples. C.T. Robbins, J. Bromaghin, T. Atwood, S. Amstrup, M. St. Martin, and anonymous reviewers provided comments on manuscript drafts. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the FWS. NR 78 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 16 U2 249 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.1111/gcb.12339 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266BZ UT WOS:000327998600008 PM 23913506 ER PT J AU Worthington, TA Brewer, SK Grabowski, TB Mueller, J AF Worthington, Thomas A. Brewer, Shannon K. Grabowski, Timothy B. Mueller, Julia TI Backcasting the decline of a vulnerable Great Plains reproductive ecotype: identifying threats and conservation priorities SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE altered flow regime; Arkansas River shiner; fragmentation; landscape change; Notropis girardi; species distribution model ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; SMALL-BODIED FISHES; SAND-BED RIVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NOTROPIS-GIRARDI; PECOS RIVER; POPULATION ESTIMATION; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION AB Conservation efforts for threatened or endangered species are challenging because the multi-scale factors that relate to their decline or inhibit their recovery are often unknown. To further exacerbate matters, the perceptions associated with the mechanisms of species decline are often viewed myopically rather than across the entire species range. We used over 80years of fish presence data collected from the Great Plains and associated ecoregions of the United States, to investigate the relative influence of changing environmental factors on the historic and current truncated distributions of the Arkansas River shiner Notropis girardi. Arkansas River shiner represent a threatened reproductive ecotype considered especially well adapted to the harsh environmental extremes of the Great Plains. Historic (n=163 records) and current (n=47 records) species distribution models were constructed using a vector-based approach in MaxEnt by splitting the available data at a time when Arkansas River shiner dramatically declined. Discharge and stream order were significant predictors in both models; however, the shape of the relationship between the predictors and species presence varied between time periods. Drift distance (river fragment length available for ichthyoplankton downstream drift before meeting a barrier) was a more important predictor in the current model and indicated river segments 375-780km had the highest probability of species presence. Performance for the historic and current models was high (area under the curve; AUC>0.95); however, forecasting and backcasting to alternative time periods suggested less predictive power. Our results identify fragments that could be considered refuges for endemic plains fish species and we highlight significant environmental factors (e.g., discharge) that could be manipulated to aid recovery. C1 [Worthington, Thomas A.; Brewer, Shannon K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Brewer, Shannon K.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Grabowski, Timothy B.] US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Grabowski, Timothy B.; Mueller, Julia] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu RI Worthington, Thomas/N-5121-2015 OI Worthington, Thomas/0000-0002-8138-9075 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (US Fish and Wildlife Service) [F11AP00112] FX This research is a contribution of the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (US Geological Survey, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating) with collaboration from the Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Funding was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (US Fish and Wildlife Service agreement F11AP00112). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank Dr. Bernard Kuhajda, The University of Alabama; Dr. Anthony Echelle, Oklahoma State University; Randy Parham, Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality; Dr. Edith Marsh-Matthews, University of Oklahoma; Dr. Chris Taylor, Illinois Natural History Survey; Robert Robins, University of Florida; Melissa Mata, United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Dr. Nancy Glover McCartney, University of Arkansas Collections Facility; Dr. Darren Pollock, Eastern New Mexico University; Dr. Dean Hendrickson, University of Texas at Austin; Dr. Aaron Place, Northwestern Oklahoma State University; Brian Wagner, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; Jason Childress, Oklahoma Water Resources Board; Karen Morton, Perot Museum of Nature and Science for help locating Arkansas River shiner location records and Mark Gregory, Oklahoma State University for GIS assistance. NR 135 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1111/gcb.12329 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266BZ UT WOS:000327998600009 PM 23873736 ER PT J AU Saintilan, N Wilson, NC Rogers, K Rajkaran, A Krauss, KW AF Saintilan, Neil Wilson, Nicholas C. Rogers, Kerrylee Rajkaran, Anusha Krauss, Ken W. TI Mangrove expansion and salt marsh decline at mangrove poleward limits SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Australia; climate change; mangrove; range expansion; salt marsh; South Africa; South America; temperature; USA ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-LEVEL RISE; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS SEEDLINGS; NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLACK MANGROVE; NEW-ZEALAND; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SOUTH-AFRICA; TEMPERATE MANGROVES AB Mangroves are species of halophytic intertidal trees and shrubs derived from tropical genera and are likely delimited in latitudinal range by varying sensitivity to cold. There is now sufficient evidence that mangrove species have proliferated at or near their poleward limits on at least five continents over the past half century, at the expense of salt marsh. Avicennia is the most cold-tolerant genus worldwide, and is the subject of most of the observed changes. Avicennia germinans has extended in range along the USA Atlantic coast and expanded into salt marsh as a consequence of lower frost frequency and intensity in the southern USA. The genus has also expanded into salt marsh at its southern limit in Peru, and on the Pacific coast of Mexico. Mangroves of several species have expanded in extent and replaced salt marsh where protected within mangrove reserves in Guangdong Province, China. In south-eastern Australia, the expansion of Avicennia marina into salt marshes is now well documented, and Rhizophora stylosa has extended its range southward, while showing strong population growth within estuaries along its southern limits in northern New South Wales. Avicennia marina has extended its range southwards in South Africa. The changes are consistent with the poleward extension of temperature thresholds coincident with sea-level rise, although the specific mechanism of range extension might be complicated by limitations on dispersal or other factors. The shift from salt marsh to mangrove dominance on subtropical and temperate shorelines has important implications for ecological structure, function, and global change adaptation. C1 [Saintilan, Neil] Off Environm & Heritage, NSW Dept Premier & Cabinet, Sydney South, NSW 1232, Australia. [Wilson, Nicholas C.] Forest Sci Inst South Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Rogers, Kerrylee] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Rajkaran, Anusha] Rhodes Univ, Dept Bot, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Saintilan, N (reprint author), Off Environm & Heritage, NSW Dept Premier & Cabinet, POB A290, Sydney South, NSW 1232, Australia. EM neil.saintilan@environment.nsw.gov.au NR 137 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 18 U2 171 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1111/gcb.12341 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266BZ UT WOS:000327998600014 PM 23907934 ER PT J AU Shanafield, M Niswonger, RG Prudic, DE Pohll, G Susfalk, R Panday, S AF Shanafield, Margaret Niswonger, Richard G. Prudic, David E. Pohll, Greg Susfalk, Richard Panday, Sorab TI A method for estimating spatially variable seepage and hydraulic conductivity in channels with very mild slopes SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE infiltration; groundwater surface water interaction; diffusion analogy; ephemeral; Saint-Venant ID SURFACE-WATER; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; EPHEMERAL CHANNELS; ARID REGIONS; FLOW; MODEL; INFILTRATION; STREAM; SIMULATION; LOSSES AB Infiltration along ephemeral channels plays an important role in groundwater recharge in arid regions. A model is presented for estimating spatial variability of seepage due to streambed heterogeneity along channels based on measurements of streamflow-front velocities in initially dry channels. The diffusion-wave approximation to the Saint-Venant equations, coupled with Philip's equation for infiltration, is connected to the groundwater model MODFLOW and is calibrated by adjusting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the channel bed. The model is applied to portions of two large water delivery canals, which serve as proxies for natural ephemeral streams. Estimated seepage rates compare well with previously published values. Possible sources of error stem from uncertainty in Manning's roughness coefficients, soil hydraulic properties and channel geometry. Model performance would be most improved through more frequent longitudinal estimates of channel geometry and thalweg elevation, and with measurements of stream stage over time to constrain wave timing and shape. This model is a potentially valuable tool for estimating spatial variability in longitudinal seepage along intermittent and ephemeral channels over a wide range of bed slopes and the influence of seepage rates on groundwater levels. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Shanafield, Margaret; Pohll, Greg; Susfalk, Richard] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA. [Prudic, David E.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Panday, Sorab] AMEC Geomatrix Inc, Herndon, VA USA. RP Shanafield, M (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM Margaret.Shanafield@Flinders.Edu.Au OI Shanafield, Margaret/0000-0003-1710-1548 FU Bureau of Reclamation Award [06-FC-81-1245]; US Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater FX The first author was supported by the Bureau of Reclamation Award 06-FC-81-1245. The second author was supported by the US Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater. Chad Martin provided extensive help with fieldwork and cross-sectional survey data. Dan Henrichs, the RFH Canal manager, provided information on the timing and flows in the RFH Canal. Jeff Rieker and Marie Trammell provided cross-sectional surveys and other useful data on the Truckee Canal from the Bureau of Reclamation. The authors thank Joseph Hughes, Paul Barlow and Jena Huntington of the US Geological Survey as well as two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1002/hyp.9545 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 273XO UT WOS:000328569800007 ER PT J AU Hinckley, ELS Ebel, BA Barnes, RT Anderson, RS Williams, MW Anderson, SP AF Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S. Ebel, Brian A. Barnes, Rebecca T. Anderson, Robert S. Williams, Mark W. Anderson, Suzanne P. TI Aspect control of water movement on hillslopes near the rain-snow transition of the Colorado Front Range SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE lithium bromide tracer; slope aspect; temperature-index model; Hydrus-1D; critical zone; Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory ID PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SOIL-MOISTURE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; NIWOT RIDGE; FOREST; CATCHMENT; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE AB In the Colorado Front Range, forested catchments near the rain-snow transition are likely to experience changes in snowmelt delivery and subsurface water transport with climate warming and associated shifts in precipitation patterns. Snowpack dynamics are strongly affected by aspect: Lodgepole pine forested north-facing slopes develop a seasonal snowpack, whereas Ponderosa pine-dotted south-facing slopes experience intermittent snow accumulation throughout winter and spring. We tested the degree to which these contrasting water input patterns cause different near-surface hydrologic response on north-facing and south-facing hillslopes during the snowmelt period. During spring snowmelt, we applied lithium bromide (LiBr) tracer to instrumented plots along a north-south catchment transect. Bromide broke through immediately at 10- and 30-cm depths on the north-facing slope and was transported out of soil waters within 40days. On the south-facing slope, Br- was transported to significant depths only during spring storms and remained above the detection limit throughout the study. Modelling of unsaturated zone hydrologic response using Hydrus-1D corroborated these aspect-driven differences in subsurface transport. Our multiple lines of evidence suggest that north-facing slopes are dominated by connected flow through the soil matrix, whereas south-facing slope soils experience brief periods of rapid vertical transport following snowmelt events and are drier overall than north-facing slopes. These differences in hydrologic response were largely a function of energy-driven differences in water supply, emphasizing the importance of aspect and climate forcing when considering contributions of water and solutes to streamflow in catchments near the snow line. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S.; Anderson, Robert S.; Williams, Mark W.; Anderson, Suzanne P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Barnes, Rebecca T.] Bard Coll, Bard Ctr Environm Policy, Annandale On Hudson, NY 12504 USA. [Anderson, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Mark W.; Anderson, Suzanne P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hinckley, ELS (reprint author), Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM ehinckley@neoninc.org RI Barnes, Rebecca/A-2659-2011; Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014; OI Barnes, Rebecca/0000-0001-6385-1062; Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649; Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU NSF [NSF EAR 0847987, 0814457, EAR-0724960]; National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX E.S.H. and R.T.B. were funded by NSF EAR Postdoctoral Fellowships (NSF EAR 0847987 and 0814457) during the study. B.A.E. was funded by a Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship through the National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Support was also provided by faculty, staff, and students associated with the Boulder Creek CZO (NSF EAR-0724960). We thank Chris Seibold and staff at the Niwot Ridge LTER's Kiowa laboratory for rapid, careful analysis of all samples. We also thank Ola Czastkiewicz, Daniel Eldridge, Hana Fancher, Zan Frederick, Abigail Langston, Christina Pruett, and Nathan Rock for assistance with installation and maintenance of field instrumentation and sampling. In addition, we thank Benjamin Mirus (USGS) and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.1002/hyp.9549 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 273XO UT WOS:000328569800009 ER PT J AU Guillaumet, A Dorr, BS Wang, GM Doyle, TJ AF Guillaumet, Alban Dorr, Brian S. Wang, Guiming Doyle, Terry J. TI The cumulative effects of management on the population dynamics of the Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus in the Great Lakes SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE birds; density-dependence; dispersal; human-wildlife conflict; information-theoretic approach; metapopulation; population control; population regulation ID DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; DISPERSAL; COLONY; SIZE; SURVIVAL; ONTARIO; TRENDS; GROWTH; HURON AB Wildlife species have been subject to control efforts throughout human history due to real or alleged human-wildlife conflicts. The Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus in the interior of North America is no exception, with recent population growth leading to increased conflicts and consequently the development of many control programmes. These control programmes are usually conducted at local scales, often with little or no effort to assess their cumulative effects at the population level. We attempted the first comprehensive assessment of the cumulative effects of control at various spatio-temporal scales, focusing on 199 colonies of Double-crested Cormorant monitored during a 29-year period. Linear models were used to assess the relationship between colony-specific growth rates and a set of candidate factors using an information-theoretic approach. Colony-level density-dependent effects and local control efforts had the greatest influences on population growth. We detected a cumulative effect of management, whereby (i) the reduction in population growth rate was generally stronger when different control activities such as culling or egg oiling were combined, and (ii) past control operations tended to have a pervasive impact on growth rates, especially egg oiling and nest destruction, which negatively affected local recruitment. However, our results also suggest that catastrophic events and the culling of breeding adults that occurred at least 2years previously could fuel subsequent recruitment or natural immigration from nearby colonies, for instance if the breeding success of remaining pairs was increased through a diminution of density-dependent regulatory processes. Density-dependence at the metapopulation level constituted a third source of regulation, as local growth rates were reduced with increasing number or proximity of active neighbouring colonies. We also found evidence that the culling of Double-crested Cormorants wintering in the southeastern USA could negatively impact the population growth of individual breeding colonies in the Great Lakes, although further research integrating models of migratory connectivity is needed to reach more definitive conclusions. Finally, despite previous studies emphasizing its importance, the net effect of management-induced dispersal appeared small at large spatial scales. We show that this can be explained in part by control strategies (e.g. spatially clustered operations). The continuation of Cormorant management efforts will provide an opportunity to refine the present assessment of the relative importance of density-dependence, breeding vs. non-breeding season management and dispersal, particularly if population models are coupled with monitoring programmes within an adaptive management framework. C1 [Guillaumet, Alban; Wang, Guiming] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Guillaumet, Alban] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Dorr, Brian S.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Doyle, Terry J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Guillaumet, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mail Stop 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM albanguillaumet@trentu.ca OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 FU USDA Wildlife Services; USDA Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center; Jack H. Berryman Institute (Eastern unit) FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, and the Jack H. Berryman Institute (Eastern unit). We gratefully acknowledge institutional support for this research from Dr Mark Tobin (National Wildlife Research Center) and Dr Bruce Leopold (Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University). The authors warmly thank the organizations and people who made possible the development of our database by contributing their census and survey data: Canadian Wildlife Service (Ontario): Liane O'Keefe and Chip Weseloh; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources: Patrick Hubert, Mark Ridgway and Heidi Scherr; McMaster University: James S. Quinn; University of Minnesota: Francesca Cuthbert and Linda Wires; Michigan State University: Shauna Hanisch; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation: Irene Mazzocchi; USDA Wildlife Services (State Programs); Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: David Capen. We also thank Ruedi Nager, Robert Clark, Thomas Bregnballe and an anonymous referee for very helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2014 VL 156 IS 1 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1111/ibi.12109 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 273OT UT WOS:000328545700012 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Chacon, A Stefanescu, C Genovart, M Nichols, JD Hines, JE Paramo, F Turco, M Oro, D AF Fernandez-Chacon, Albert Stefanescu, Constanti Genovart, Meritxell Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. Paramo, Ferran Turco, Marco Oro, Daniel TI Determinants of extinction-colonization dynamics in Mediterranean butterflies: the role of landscape, climate and local habitat features SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity hotspot; effective precipitation; lepidoptera; monitoring scheme; occupancy dynamics; PRESENCE; spatial heterogeneity; species' guild ID METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; SPECIES RICHNESS; QUALITY; AREA; CONSERVATION; SCALE; TURNOVER; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES AB Many species are found today in the form of fragmented populations occupying patches of remnant habitat in human-altered landscapes. The persistence of these population networks requires a balance between extinction and colonization events assumed to be primarily related to patch area and isolation, but the contribution of factors such as the characteristics of patch and matrix habitats, the species' traits (habitat specialization and dispersal capabilities) and variation in climatic conditions have seldom been evaluated simultaneously. The identification of environmental variables associated with patch occupancy and turnover may be especially useful to enhance the persistence of multiple species under current global change. However, for robust inference on occupancy and related parameters, we must account for detection errors, a commonly overlooked problem that leads to biased estimates and misleading conclusions about population dynamics. Here, we provide direct empirical evidence of the effects of different environmental variables on the extinction and colonization rates of a rich butterfly community in the western Mediterranean. The analysis was based on a 17-year data set containing detection/nondetection data on 73 butterfly species for 26 sites in north-eastern Spain. Using multiseason occupancy models, which take into account species' detectability, we were able to obtain robust estimates of local extinction and colonization probabilities for each species and test the potential effects of site covariates such as the area of suitable habitat, topographic variability, landscape permeability around the site and climatic variability in aridity conditions. Results revealed a general pattern across species with local habitat composition and landscape features as stronger predictors of occupancy dynamics compared with topography and local aridity. Increasing area of suitable habitat in a site strongly decreased local extinction risks and, for a number of species, both higher amounts of suitable habitat and more permeable landscapes increased colonization rates. Nevertheless, increased topographic variability decreased the extinction risk of bad dispersers, a group of species with significantly lower colonization rates. Our models predicted higher sensitivity of the butterfly assemblages to deterministic changes in habitat features rather than to stochastic weather patterns, with some relationships being clearly dependent on the species' traits. C1 [Fernandez-Chacon, Albert; Genovart, Meritxell; Oro, Daniel] Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats CSIC UIB, Populat Ecol Grp, Esporles 07190, Spain. [Stefanescu, Constanti; Paramo, Ferran] Museu Granollers Ciencies Nat, Catalan Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, Granollers 08402, Spain. [Stefanescu, Constanti] CREAF, Global Ecol Unit, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Nichols, James D.; Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Turco, Marco] Euromediterranean Ctr Climate Change CMCC, Impacts Soil & Coasts Div, I-81043 Capua, CE, Italy. RP Fernandez-Chacon, A (reprint author), Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats CSIC UIB, Populat Ecol Grp, Miquel Marques 21, Esporles 07190, Spain. EM afernandez@imedea.uib-csic.es RI Genovart, Meritxell/L-4873-2014; Oro, Daniel/H-4208-2012; Turco, Marco/B-5814-2011 OI Genovart, Meritxell/0000-0003-2919-1288; Oro, Daniel/0000-0003-4782-3007; Turco, Marco/0000-0001-8589-7459 FU Departament de Territori i Paisatge de la Generalitat de Catalunya; Spanish Ministry of Science [CGL2009-08298]; Regional Government of Balearic Islands (FEDER); Diputacio de Barcelona and Patronat Metropolita Parc de Collserola; Spanish Ministry of Education [AP2008-04476] FX Thanks are due to all the recorders who contribute data to the CBMS. The CBMS is funded by the Departament de Territori i Paisatge de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Funds were also provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science (grant ref. CGL2009-08298) and Regional Government of Balearic Islands (FEDER funding). The Diputacio de Barcelona and Patronat Metropolita Parc de Collserola have also given financial support to this project. We wish to thank Tom Oliver and one anonymous referee for their valuable comments on the manuscript. Albert Fernandez-Chacon was supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education (ref. AP2008-04476). NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 90 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 83 IS 1 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12118 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274OH UT WOS:000328615300028 PM 23957287 ER PT J AU Milchunas, DG Vandever, MW AF Milchunas, Daniel G. Vandever, Mark W. TI Grazing effects on plant community succession of early- and mid-seral seeded grassland compared to shortgrass steppe SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Conservation Reserve Program (CRP); Herbivory; Invasive (weed) suppression; Opportunistic grazing; Grassland recovery after cultivation; Livestock; Restoration; Revegetation; Secondary succession ID SEMIARID GRASSLAND; LONG-TERM; INTRODUCED GRASS; LARGE HERBIVORES; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEMS; TOPOGRAPHY; ALLOCATION; DYNAMICS; LAND AB QuestionsGrazing may speed or slow secondary succession, and the direction may depend on seral stage and relative tolerance of native perennial grasses compared with annual invasive species. How does grazing affect succession where undisturbed communities have a long evolutionary history of grazing by native herbivores and are tolerant to livestock grazing? LocationShortgrass steppe, North American Great Plains, Colorado (40 degrees 49N, 104 degrees 46W), USA. MethodsUngrazed and grazed early-seral (4-6yr) and mid-seral (18-20yr) seeded fields (Conservation Reserve Program) and traditionally grazed native steppe were compared for effects on plant composition in relation to changes expected from regional succession models. ResultsRecovery towards undisturbed native shortgrass steppe for early- and mid-seral communities, respectively, was 19% and 36% for total vegetation cover, 5% and 21% for planted native species, 10% and 88% for non-planted native perennial grasses, only 0.2% and 13% for short grasses, and overall dissimilarity in community species compositions was 97% and 68%. In general, grazing effects were neutral or most often not significant in all years and/or were small in overall community magnitude. The early-seral community displayed more changes indicative of a slowing of succession with grazing (total vegetative and grass basal cover) rather than reducing invasive species (species targeted by timing of grazing), although drought had limited the establishment of grazing-tolerant short grasses. The mid-seral community showed more changes consistent with advancing successional recovery with grazing (overall community dissimilarity, forbs, planted native perennial grasses, tall grasses and target species). However, non-planted native perennial grasses responded negatively to grazing in the mid-seral community and positively in native shortgrass steppe where outside seed would originate. ConclusionsGrazing effects on particular functional groups and species were not the same across seral stages, were mixed in terms of speeding or slowing succession, and were generally not large at the community level. Evolutionary history of grazing may serve as a general guide but decisions on whether to graze successional grasslands may best be made after assessing whether tolerant perennial short grass species are significant components. Monitoring may then be necessary to determine species responses in particular community matrixes and effects on subsequent immigration of non-seeded native perennial species. C1 [Milchunas, Daniel G.] Colorado State Univ, Long Term Ecol Res Project, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Vandever, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Milchunas, DG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Long Term Ecol Res Project, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Daniel.Milchunas@Colostate.edu; mark_vandever@usgs.gov FU US Department of Agriculture - Farm Service Agency; Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Program (National Science Foundation) [DEB-0217631, 0823405]; US Geological Survey FX Leonard and Tammie Ball and Roland and Verda Ball of the Ball Ranch allowed us to work on their property, provided historical information and ground support without which these experiments could not have been completed. Art Allen and Fritz Knopf (both USGS retired) were important in initial project setup. Phil Chapman provided statistical advice and Dan Manier provided reviews of early manuscript drafts. Research was funded by the US Department of Agriculture - Farm Service Agency, the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Program (National Science Foundation DEB-0217631, 0823405), and the US Geological Survey. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 BP 22 EP 35 DI 10.1111/jvs.12049 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 273OK UT WOS:000328544600005 ER PT J AU Pagano, AM Peacock, E McKinney, MA AF Pagano, Anthony M. Peacock, Elizabeth McKinney, Melissa A. TI Remote biopsy darting and marking of polar bears SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biopsy sampling; darting; DNA; fatty acid; genetics; lipid content; polar bear; population estimation; Ursus maritimus ID DRUG-DELIVERY SYSTEMS; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; URSUS-MARITIMUS; KILLER WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HUMPBACK WHALES; FATTY-ACIDS; CONTAMINANTS; ECOLOGY AB Remote biopsy darting of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) is less invasive and time intensive than physical capture and is therefore useful when capture is challenging or unsafe. We worked with two manufacturers to develop a combination biopsy and marking dart for use on polar bears. We had an 80% success rate of collecting a tissue sample with a single biopsy dart and collected tissue samples from 143 polar bears on land, in water, and on sea ice. Dye marks ensured that 96% of the bears were not resampled during the same sampling period, and we recovered 96% of the darts fired. Biopsy heads with 5mm diameters collected an average of 0.12g of fur, tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue, while biopsy heads with 7mm diameters collected an average of 0.32g. Tissue samples were 99.3% successful (142 of 143 samples) in providing a genetic and sex identification of individuals. We had a 64% success rate collecting adipose tissue and we successfully examined fatty acid signatures in all adipose samples. Adipose lipid content values were lower compared to values from immobilized or harvested polar bears, indicating that our method was not suitable for quantifying adipose lipid content. C1 [Pagano, Anthony M.; Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [McKinney, Melissa A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. RP Pagano, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM apagano@usgs.gov OI Pagano, Anthony/0000-0003-2176-0909; McKinney, Melissa/0000-0002-8171-7534 FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management FX We thank K. Simac, P. Hessing, M. St. Martin, G. Durner, and M. Lockhart for field and logistical support. We also thank T. and P. Austin with Paxarms N.Z., Ltd. and T. Taylor with Palmer Cap-Chur Equipment, Inc. for their help in developing these biopsy darts. We thank S. Iverson (Dalhousie University) for support with the lipid and fatty acid analysis. We thank L. Pagano for creating dart images and S. Bee for help testing dyes. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Ecosystem Mission's Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative, USGS' Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management provided funding for biopsy darting field efforts, genetic, lipid, and fatty acid analyses. Biopsy darting of polar bears was made possible under U.S. Fish and Wildlife marine mammal research permit 690038 granted to the USGS, Alaska Science Center. Biopsy darting procedures were conducted under the approval of the Alaska Science Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocols (assurance no. 2010-14). We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Arctic National Wildlife Refuge for logistical support. C. Amundson, T. Atwood, D. Boness, A. Derocher, M. Dyck, J. Maresh, K. Oakley, T. O'Shea, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable input on earlier versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 169 EP 183 DI 10.1111/mms.12029 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 277LY UT WOS:000328822200010 ER PT J AU Pilliod, DS Goldberg, CS Arkle, RS Waits, LP AF Pilliod, David S. Goldberg, Caren S. Arkle, Robert S. Waits, Lisette P. TI Factors influencing detection of eDNA from a stream-dwelling amphibian SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Dicamptodon aterrimus; DNA degradation; environmental DNA; Idaho giant salamander; qPCR ID ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; WATER SAMPLES; UV-RADIATION; OCCUPANCY; ABUNDANCE AB Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods for detecting and estimating abundance of aquatic species are emerging rapidly, but little is known about how processes such as secretion rate, environmental degradation, and time since colonization or extirpation from a given site affect eDNA measurements. Using stream-dwelling salamanders and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis, we conducted three experiments to assess eDNA: (i) production rate; (ii) persistence time under different temperature and light conditions; and (iii) detectability and concentration through time following experimental introduction and removal of salamanders into previously unoccupied streams. We found that 44-50g individuals held in aquaria produced 77ng eDNA/h for 2h, after which production either slowed considerably or began to equilibrate with degradation. eDNA in both full-sun and shaded treatments degraded exponentially to <1% of the original concentration after 3days. eDNA was no longer detectable in full-sun samples after 8days, whereas eDNA was detected in 20% of shaded samples after 11days and 100% of refrigerated control samples after 18days. When translocated into unoccupied streams, salamanders were detectable after 6h, but only when densities were relatively high (0.2481 individuals/m(2)) and when samples were collected within 5m of the animals. Concentrations of eDNA detected were very low and increased steadily from 6-24h after introduction, reaching 0.0022ng/L. Within 1h of removing salamanders from the stream, eDNA was no longer detectable. These results suggest that eDNA detectability and concentration depend on production rates of individuals, environmental conditions, density of animals, and their residence time. C1 [Pilliod, David S.; Arkle, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Goldberg, Caren S.; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Pilliod, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dpilliod@usgs.gov RI Goldberg, Caren/B-4075-2015 FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX We thank Mark Miller and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Katherine Strickler assisted with ultraviolet radiation measurements. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Field surveys were conducted under State of Idaho Wildlife Collection Permit #030716 and Payette National Forest Research Permit #0105. Amphibian handling followed International Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines under permit 692-AC11-014. The use of any trade, product or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not implyendorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 447 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 17 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 16 U2 114 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12159 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271DX UT WOS:000328372500012 PM 24034561 ER PT J AU Robertson, LS Cornman, RS AF Robertson, Laura S. Cornman, Robert S. TI Transcriptome resources for the frogs Lithobates clamitans and Pseudacris regilla, emphasizing antimicrobial peptides and conserved loci for phylogenetics SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE amphibians; disease biology; gene structure and function; population genetics - empirical; transcriptomics ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT; EVOLUTION; DECLINES; DISEASES; SKIN AB We developed genetic resources for two North American frogs, Lithobates clamitans and Pseudacris regilla, widespread native amphibians that are potential indicator species of environmental health. For both species, mRNA from multiple tissues was sequenced using 454 technology. De novo assemblies with Mira3 resulted in 50238 contigs (N50=687bp) and 48213 contigs (N50=686bp) for L.clamitans and P.regilla, respectively, after clustering with CD-Hit-EST and purging contigs below 200bp. We performed BLASTX similarity searches against the Xenopus tropicalis proteome and, for predicted ORFs, HMMER similarity searches against the Pfam-A database. Because there is broad interest in amphibian immune factors, we manually annotated putative antimicrobial peptides. To identify conserved regions suitable for amplicon resequencing across a broad taxonomic range, we performed an additional assembly of public short-read transcriptome data derived from two species of the genus Rana and identified reciprocal best TBLASTX matches among all assemblies. Although P.regilla, a hylid frog, is substantially more diverged from the ranid species, we identified 56 genes that were sufficiently conserved to allow nondegenerate primer design with Primer3. In addition to providing a foundation for comparative genomics and quantitative gene expression analysis, our results enable quick development of nuclear sequence-based markers for phylogenetics or population genetics. C1 [Robertson, Laura S.; Cornman, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM rcornman@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Brad Glorioso, Laura Elston and Hardin Waddle for providing the L. clamitans, and Gary Fellers and Pat Kleeman for providing the P. regilla. We thank Jamie Marie Marranca, Mary Rockey and Peter Vila for laboratory assistance. John Miller and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 178 EP 183 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12164 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271DX UT WOS:000328372500020 PM 24028389 ER PT J AU Jensen, GH Madsen, J Johnson, FA Tamstorf, MP AF Jensen, Gitte Hoj Madsen, Jesper Johnson, Fred A. Tamstorf, Mikkel P. TI Snow conditions as an estimator of the breeding output in high-Arctic pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breeding success; Density dependence; Adaptive management; Snow cover; Winter NAO; MODIS; Pink-footed goose; Reproduction ID BRANTA-LEUCOPSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; SVALBARD; SUCCESS; CONSEQUENCES; OSCILLATION; DISTURBANCE; PHENOLOGY AB The Svalbard-breeding population of pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus has increased during the last decades and is giving rise to agricultural conflicts along their migration route, as well as causing grazing impacts on tundra vegetation. An adaptive flyway management plan has been implemented, which will be based on predictive population models including environmental variables expected to affect goose population development, such as weather conditions on the breeding grounds. A local study in Svalbard showed that snow cover prior to egg laying is a crucial factor for the reproductive output of pink-footed geese, and MODIS satellite images provided a useful estimator of snow cover. In this study, we up-scaled the analysis to the population level by examining various measures of snow conditions and compared them with the overall breeding success of the population as indexed by the proportion of juveniles in the autumn population. As explanatory variables, we explored MODIS images, satellite-based radar measures of onset of snow melt, winter NAO index, and the May temperature sum and May thaw days. To test for the presence of density dependence, we included the number of adults in the population. For 2000-2011, MODIS-derived snow cover (available since 2000) was the strongest indicator of breeding conditions. For 1981-2011, winter NAO and May thaw days had equal weight. Interestingly, there appears to have been a phase shift from density-dependent to density-independent reproduction, which is consistent with a hypothesis of released breeding potential due to the recent advancement of spring in Svalbard. C1 [Jensen, Gitte Hoj; Tamstorf, Mikkel P.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Madsen, Jesper] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Johnson, Fred A.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Jensen, GH (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, Frederiksborgvej 399,POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM ghje@dmu.dk RI Tamstorf, Mikkel/I-7101-2013 OI Tamstorf, Mikkel/0000-0002-2811-331X FU Norwegian Research Council; Aarhus University; U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was financed by the Norwegian Research Council (project GOOSEHUNT) and Aarhus University. We thank Fred Cottaar for contributing with age counts of geese. Frank Riget and Mads C. Forchhammer are thanked for providing input to the paper. Funding for this research was also provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s00300-013-1404-7 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277WI UT WOS:000328849600001 ER PT J AU Schillaci, MA Castellini, JM Stricker, CA Jones-Engel, L Lee, BPYH O'Hara, TM AF Schillaci, Michael A. Castellini, J. Margaret Stricker, Craig A. Jones-Engel, Lisa Lee, Benjamin P. Y. -H. O'Hara, Todd M. TI Variation in hair delta C-13 and delta N-15 values in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from Singapore SO PRIMATES LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; delta C-13; delta N-15; Primates; Macaques; Macaca fascicularis; Singapore ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FORESTS; HABITAT USE; DIET; NITROGEN; RATIOS; FRACTIONATION; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ANIMALS AB Much of the primatology literature on stable isotope ratios of carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) has focused on African and New World species, with comparatively little research published on Asian primates. Here we present hair delta C-13 and delta N-15 isotope values for a sample of 33 long-tailed macaques from Singapore. We evaluate the suggestion by a previous researcher that forest degradation and biodiversity loss in Singapore have led to a decline in macaque trophic level. The results of our analysis indicated significant spatial variability in delta C-13 but not delta N-15. The range of variation in delta C-13 was consistent with a diet based on C-3 resources, with one group exhibiting low values consistent with a closed canopy environment. Relative to other macaque species from Europe and Asia, the macaques from Singapore exhibited a low mean delta C-13 value but mid-range mean delta N-15 value. Previous research suggesting a decline in macaque trophic level is not supported by the results of our study. C1 [Schillaci, Michael A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Castellini, J. Margaret] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jones-Engel, Lisa] Univ Washington, Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lee, Benjamin P. Y. -H.] Univ Kent, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Lee, Benjamin P. Y. -H.] Natl Pk Board, Conservat Div, Singapore, Singapore. [O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Schillaci, MA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, 1265 Mil Trail, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. EM schillaci@utsc.utoronto.ca OI Jones-Engel, Lisa/0000-0001-6912-494X FU University of Toronto Scarborough; University of Toronto Connaught Fund FX We thank the National Parks Board (Singapore), especially Sharon Chan, for supporting the project. We thank Dr. James Louden and Dr. Mark Schurr for their insightful comments and criticisms of earlier drafts. Trapping and data-collection procedures used for this study were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee of the University of Toronto (protocol no. 20005356). Partial funding for this project was provided by the University of Toronto Scarborough, and the University of Toronto Connaught Fund (awarded to M. A. S.). Thanks are due to Cayce Gulbransen (U.S. Geological Survey) for conducting the stable isotope analyses. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of our funders. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0032-8332 EI 1610-7365 J9 PRIMATES JI Primates PD JAN PY 2014 VL 55 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10329-013-0361-7 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 278RL UT WOS:000328907300005 PM 23729223 ER PT J AU Jew, AD Behrens, SF Rytuba, JJ Kappler, A Spormann, AM Brown, GE AF Jew, A. D. Behrens, S. F. Rytuba, J. J. Kappler, A. Spormann, A. M. Brown, G. E., Jr. TI Microbially enhanced dissolution of HgS in an acid mine drainage system in the California Coast Range SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; SEDIMENT PORE WATERS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; MERCURY SPECIATION; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; METHYLATING BACTERIA; SULFIDIC WATERS; SEQUENCE DATA AB Mercury sulfides (cinnabar and metacinnabar) are the main ores of Hg and are relatively stable under oxic conditions (K-sp=10(-54) and 10(-52), respectively). However, until now their stability in the presence of micro-organisms inhabiting acid mine drainage (AMD) systems was unknown. We tested the effects of the AMD microbial community from the inoperative Hg mine at New Idria, CA, present in sediments of an AMD settling pond adjacent to the main waste pile and in a microbial biofilm on the surface of this pond, on the solubility of crystalline HgS. A 16S rRNA gene clone library revealed that the AMD microbial community was dominated by Fe-oxidizing (orders Ferritrophicales and Gallionellas) and S-oxidizing bacteria (Thiomonas sp.), with smaller amounts (6%) being comprised of the orders Xanthomondales and Rhodospirillales. Though the order Ferritrophicales dominate the 16S rRNA clones (>60%), qPCR results of the microbial community indicate that the Thiomonas sp. represents similar to 55% of the total micro-organisms in the top 1cm of the AMD microbial community. Although supersaturated with respect to cinnabar and metacinnabar, microcosms inoculated with the AMD microbial community were capable of releasing significantly more Hg into solution compared to inactivated or abiotic controls. Four different Hg-containing materials were tested for bacterially enhanced HgS dissolution: pure cinnabar, pure metacinnabar, mine tailings, and calcine material (processed ore). In the microcosm with metacinnabar, the presence of the AMD microbial community resulted in an increase of dissolved Hg concentrations up to 500gL(-1) during the first 30days of incubation. In abiotic control microcosms, dissolved Hg concentrations did not increase above 100ngL(-1). When Hg concentrations were below 50gL(-1), the Fe-oxidizing bacteria in the AMD microbial community were still capable of oxidizing Fe(II) to Fe(III) in the AMD solution, whereas concentrations above 50gL(-1) resulted in inhibition of microbial iron oxidation. Our experiments show that the AMD microbial community contributes to the dissolution of mercury sulfide minerals. These findings have major implications for risk assessment and future management of inoperative Hg mines worldwide. C1 [Jew, A. D.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Behrens, S. F.; Kappler, A.] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany. [Rytuba, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Spormann, A. M.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, G. E., Jr.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Photon Sci, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Brown, G. E., Jr.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Jew, AD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM adamjew@stanford.edu RI Kappler, Andreas/G-7221-2016 FU Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute through NSF [CHE-0431425]; NSF [CBET-1235878] FX We thank Ian Marshall of the Spormann research group and Phi Luong of the Brown research group for help with field sampling at the New Idria mine. We thank Petra Kuhner for technical assistance with the qPCR experiments. Funding for this research came from the Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute through NSF Grant CHE-0431425 and from NSF Grant CBET-1235878. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1472-4677 EI 1472-4669 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JAN PY 2014 VL 12 IS 1 BP 20 EP 33 DI 10.1111/gbi.12066 PG 14 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 267HQ UT WOS:000328088500002 PM 24224806 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Wylie, BK Boyte, SP Phuyal, KP AF Gu, Yingxin Wylie, Bruce K. Boyte, Stephen P. Phuyal, Khem P. TI Projecting future grassland productivity to assess the sustainability of potential biofuel feedstock areas in the Greater Platte River Basin SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE bias corrected and downscaled WCRP CMIP3 climate projections; cellulosic biofuel; ecosystem performance models; grassland productivity; Greater Platte River Basin; land management; potential biofuel feedstock areas; satellite NDVI; sustainability assessment ID ECOSYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANOMALIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CELLULOSIC ETHANOL; CARBON EXCHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; SWITCHGRASS; BIOMASS; PLAINS; ENERGY AB This study projects future (e.g., 2050 and 2099) grassland productivities in the Greater Platte River Basin (GPRB) using ecosystem performance (EP, a surrogate for measuring ecosystem productivity) models and future climate projections. The EP models developed from a previous study were based on the satellite vegetation index, site geophysical and biophysical features, and weather and climate drivers. The future climate data used in this study were derived from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model 3.0 SRES A1B' (a middle' emissions path). The main objective of this study is to assess the future sustainability of the potential biofuel feedstock areas identified in a previous study. Results show that the potential biofuel feedstock areas (the more mesic eastern part of the GPRB) will remain productive (i.e., aboveground grassland biomass productivity >2750kgha(-1)year(-1)) with a slight increasing trend in the future. The spatially averaged EPs for these areas are 3519, 3432, 3557, 3605, 3752, and 3583kgha(-1)year(-1) for current site potential (2000-2008 average), 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2099, respectively. Therefore, the identified potential biofuel feedstock areas will likely continue to be sustainable for future biofuel development. On the other hand, grasslands identified as having no biofuel potential in the drier western part of the GPRB would be expected to stay unproductive in the future (spatially averaged EPs are 1822, 1691, 1896, 2306, 1994, and 2169kgha(-1)year(-1) for site potential, 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2099). These areas should continue to be unsuitable for biofuel feedstock development in the future. These future grassland productivity estimation maps can help land managers to understand and adapt to the expected changes in future EP in the GPRB and to assess the future sustainability and feasibility of potential biofuel feedstock areas. C1 [Gu, Yingxin] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Boyte, Stephen P.; Phuyal, Khem P.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), ASRC Res & Technol Solut, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856; Boyte, Stephen/0000-0002-5462-3225 FU USGS [G08PC91508, G10PC00044] FX This work was performed under USGS contracts G08PC91508 and G10PC00044, and funded by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy. The authors thank Matthew B. Rigge, Thomas Adamson, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-1693 EI 1757-1707 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD JAN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1111/gcbb.12059 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 264SO UT WOS:000327901000004 ER PT J AU Devarakonda, R Shrestha, B Palanisamy, G Hook, L Killeffer, T Krassovski, M Boden, T Cook, R Zolly, L Hutchison, V Frame, M Cialella, A Lazer, K AF Devarakonda, Ranjeet Shrestha, Biva Palanisamy, Giriprakash Hook, Les Killeffer, Terri Krassovski, Misha Boden, Tom Cook, Robert Zolly, Lisa Hutchison, Viv Frame, Mike Cialella, Alice Lazer, Kathy GP IEEE BE Lin, J Hu, XH Chang, W Nambiar, R Aggarwal, C Cercone, N Honavar, V Huan, J Mobasher, B Pyne, S TI OME: Tool for generating and managing metadata to handle BigData SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA (BIG DATA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, ELSEVIER, Natl Sci Fdn, CISCO, CCF DE Online Metadata Editor (OME); FGDC CSDGM; Mercury Metadata System AB The next-generation On-line Metadata Editor (OME) is an easy-to-use tool to help document scientific data in a well-structured popular metadata format. In this paper, we discuss the newest tool that Oak Ridge National Laboratory has developed to input, edit, and manage metadata and how it is helping data intensive science centers across many federal agencies to prepare metadata and to make their BigData discoverable. C1 [Devarakonda, Ranjeet; Shrestha, Biva; Palanisamy, Giriprakash; Hook, Les; Killeffer, Terri; Krassovski, Misha; Boden, Tom; Cook, Robert] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zolly, Lisa; Hutchison, Viv; Frame, Mike] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Cialella, Alice; Lazer, Kathy] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Devarakonda, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5666-1 PY 2014 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2FK UT WOS:000380462900273 ER PT S AU Howlett, E Signell, RP Wilson, D Snowden, DP Knee, KR AF Howlett, Eoin Signell, Richard P. Wilson, Douglas Snowden, Derrick P. Knee, Kelly R. GP IEEE TI Data Management Update for the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) SO 2014 OCEANS - ST. JOHN'S SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans Conference CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL St Johns, CANADA DE ocean observing; data management; ocean modeling; data visualization; data discovery; data access AB The US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) is a collaboration between Federal, State, Local, Academic and Commercial partners to manage and/or provide access to a wide range of ocean observing assets and data feeds, including in-situ buoys, drifters, gliders, radar, satellite data, and numerical models and meet the needs of the ocean data community. This paper provides a discussion on the evolution of DMAC within IOOS, shows how the evolved DMAC will de-centralize ocean observing and enable the RAs to establish operational observing systems and create new forecast products supporting ocean, coastal, and estuarine interests and provides an update on the status of the current system. C1 [Howlett, Eoin; Knee, Kelly R.] RPS ASA, South Kingstown, RI USA. [Signell, Richard P.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wilson, Douglas] Caribbean Wind LLC, Annapolis, MD USA. [Snowden, Derrick P.] NOAA, US IOOS, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Howlett, E (reprint author), RPS ASA, South Kingstown, RI USA. EM eoin.howlett@rpsgroup.com; rsignell@usgs.gov; doug@coastaloceanobs.com; derrick.snowden@noaa.gov; kelly.knee@rpsgroup.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-4918-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BE2QI UT WOS:000369848800304 ER PT B AU Sanderson, J Harris, G AF Sanderson, Jim Harris, Grant BE Ballard, G Banks, P Claridge, A Sanderson, J Swann, D TI Automatic camera trap data organisation, storage and analysis without entering data by hand using a keyboard SO CAMERA TRAPPING: WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Colloquium on Camera Trapping in Wildlife Management and Research CY SEP 13-14, 2012 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA AB Networks of automatic cameras are producing many thousands of images over modest time periods. For examples, 35 cameras at Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico, USA have produced more than 1.5 m useful images since June 2009, and a US Fish and Wildlife monitoring program is producing similar to 30 000 images per week. Although image file retrieval and storage are trivial, data entry and analysis are both time consuming and error prone since data are most often entered by hand from a keyboard into a spreadsheet. Data analysis from spreadsheets is both cumbersome and time consuming. Our objectives were to increase data entry speed while minimising data entry errors, enable mining millions of images collected globally by cameras, easily run data analysis, and enable data from multiple locations to be concatenated and analysed as one. These objectives are achieved by eliminating the task of hand data entry via a keyboard, and managing user interactions with image file data through the use of a suite of open software tools. Error checking is also automatic. Here we update the methodology described in Harris et al. ( 2010) by providing a step-by-step guide for automatic camera trap data storage and analysis without entering data by hand from a keyboard. This methodology is already in use and is benefiting from an established user community. C1 [Sanderson, Jim] Wildlife Conservat Network, Small Wild Cat Conservat Fdn, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. [Harris, Grant] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Sanderson, J (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Network, Small Wild Cat Conservat Fdn, 209 Mississippi St, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA BN 978-1-4863-0040-2; 978-1-4863-0039-6 PY 2014 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BE1NN UT WOS:000368235000027 ER PT J AU Komoroske, LM Connon, RE Lindberg, J Cheng, BS Castillo, G Hasenbein, M Fangue, NA AF Komoroske, L. M. Connon, R. E. Lindberg, J. Cheng, B. S. Castillo, G. Hasenbein, M. Fangue, N. A. TI Ontogeny influences sensitivity to climate change stressors in an endangered fish SO CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conservation management; estuarine fishes; salinity tolerance; thermal tolerance AB Coastal ecosystems are among the most human-impacted habitats globally, and their management is often critically linked to recovery of declining native species. In the San Francisco Estuary, the Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) is an endemic, endangered fish strongly tied to Californian conservation planning. The complex life history of Delta Smelt combined with dynamic seasonal and spatial abiotic conditions result in dissimilar environments experienced among ontogenetic stages, which may yield stage-specific susceptibility to abiotic stressors. Climate change is forecasted to increase San Francisco Estuary water temperature and salinity; therefore, understanding the influences of ontogeny and phenotypic plasticity on tolerance to these critical environmental parameters is particularly important for Delta Smelt and other San Francisco Estuary fishes. We assessed thermal and salinity limits in several ontogenetic stages and acclimation states of Delta Smelt, and paired these data with environmental data to evaluate sensitivity to climate-change stressors. Thermal tolerance decreased among successive stages, with larval fish exhibiting the highest tolerance and post-spawning adults having the lowest. Delta Smelt had limited capacity to increase tolerance through thermal acclimation, and comparisons with field temperature data revealed that juvenile tolerance limits are the closest to current environmental conditions, which may make this stage especially susceptible to future climate warming. Maximal water temperatures observed in situ exceeded tolerance limits of juveniles and adults. Although these temperature events are currently rare, if they increase in frequency as predicted, it could result in habitat loss at these locations despite other favourable conditions for Delta Smelt. In contrast, Delta Smelt tolerated salinities -spanning the range of expected environmental conditions for each ontogenetic stage, but salinity did impact survival in juvenile and adult stages in exposures over acute time scales. Our results underscore the importance of considering ontogeny and phenotypic plasticity in assessing the impacts of climate change, particularly for species adapted to spatially and -temporally heterogeneous environments. C1 [Komoroske, L. M.; Fangue, N. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Connon, R. E.; Hasenbein, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lindberg, J.] Univ Calif Davis, Fish Conservat & Culture Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cheng, B. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Castillo, G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. [Hasenbein, M.] Tech Univ Munich, Aquat Syst Biol Unit, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Management, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. RP Fangue, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nafangue@ucdavis.edu OI Cheng, Brian/0000-0003-1679-8398 FU University of California Agricultural Experiment Station [2098-H]; United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation [R12AP20018]; State and Federal Contractors Water Agency [201301957]; California Delta Stewardship Council [201015533]; Bavarian Elite Programme Universitat Bayern e.V.-Scholarship; National Science Foundation under DGE grant [0841297]; California Sea Grant Delta Science Doctoral Fellowship [R/SF-56] FX This work was supported by the University of California Agricultural Experiment Station [grant number 2098-H to N. A. F.], the United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation [contract number R12AP20018 to R. E. C. and N. A. F.], the State and Federal Contractors Water Agency [grant number 201301957 to R. E. C.] and the California Delta Stewardship Council [contract number 201015533 to R. E. C. and N. A. F.]. Partial student funding was provided to M. H. by the Bavarian Elite Programme Universitat Bayern e.V.-Scholarship for graduate students and post-graduate-students, and to L. M. K. by the National Science Foundation Graduate-12 Fellowship Program [under DGE grant number 0841297 to S. L. Williams and B. Ludaescher] and the California Sea Grant Delta Science Doctoral Fellowship R/SF-56. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2051-1434 J9 CONSERV PHYSIOL JI Conserv. Physiol. PY 2014 VL 2 IS 1 AR cou008 DI 10.1093/conphys/cou008 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Physiology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physiology GA V43TN UT WOS:000209703800041 PM 27293629 ER PT S AU Battistel, M Hurwitz, S Evans, W Barbieri, M AF Battistel, Maria Hurwitz, Shaul Evans, William Barbieri, Maurizio BE Bruckman, VJ Hangx, S Ask, M TI Multicomponent geothermometry applied to a medium-low enthalpy carbonate-evaporite geothermal reservoir SO EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION GENERAL ASSEMBLY 2014, EGU DIVISION ENERGY, RESOURCES & THE ENVIRONMENT (ERE) SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the EGU Division on Energy, Resources and the Environment (ERE) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2014 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP EGU Div DE Medium-low enthalpy geothermal reservoir; Multicomponent geothermometry; GeoT code; Central Italy ID THERMAL WATERS; SYSTEMS; SPRINGS; TUSCANY; AREA; CO2 AB To improve knowledge of the thermal state of medium to low-enthalpy thermal systems hosted in carbonate-evaporite rocks, a mineral-solution equilibrium model was compared to other theoretical geothermometers. We use the GeoT code, which uses as input the chemical composition of water and saturation indices of minerals to calculate water-rock equilibrium over a temperature range of interest. The calculations were applied to the medium and low enthalpy geothermal systems in the Tyrrhenian-Apennine area (central Italy). The lithology consists of a Paleozoic metamorphic basement, overlain by Mesozoic carbonate-evaporite-and Oligocene-Middle Miocene flysch formations, and Quaternary volcanic complexes associated with crustal extension. A regional aquifer is hosted in the carbonate-evaporite formations, and smaller aquifers are hosted in the volcanic rocks. Reservoir temperatures were calculated based on the chemical composition of springs and wells in Central Italy (sampled previously), and in the Cimino-Vicano hydrothermal system (sampled in 2012). Chalcedony and quartz geothermometers provide realistic temperatures. The sensitivity of the model is tested for CO2 degassing and input minerals. The results of optimized GeoT simulations show that all the samples are affected by degassing during their rise to the surface and that for computing a realistic reservoir temperature it is necessary to consider the principal minerals of the geothermal reservoir (particularly gypsum, quartz, dolomite, aragonite and calcite). The equilibrium temperatures range from 48-115 degrees C. The statistical approach of "best clustering minerals" solves the problems related to cation or single component geothermometers. Multicomponent geothermometry coupled with optimization provides a reliable approach to reconstruct fluid composition at depth and estimate reservoir temperatures. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Battistel, Maria; Barbieri, Maurizio] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Hurwitz, Shaul; Evans, William] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Battistel, M (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM maria.battistel@gmail.com RI Barbieri, Maurizio/E-9260-2012 OI Barbieri, Maurizio/0000-0002-6595-103X NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2014 VL 59 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.10.389 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA BE7UL UT WOS:000375918200049 ER PT J AU Kanno, Y Letcher, BH Coombs, JA Nislow, KH Whiteley, AR AF Kanno, Yoichiro Letcher, Benjamin H. Coombs, Jason A. Nislow, Keith H. Whiteley, Andrew R. TI Linking movement and reproductive history of brook trout to assess habitat connectivity in a heterogeneous stream network SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal; fitness; functional connectivity; gene flow; reproductive success ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROWN TROUT; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; ATLANTIC SALMON; MARK-RECAPTURE; GENE FLOW; PEDIGREE RECONSTRUCTION; DEPENDENT SURVIVAL AB 1. Defining functional connectivity between habitats in spatially heterogeneous landscapes is a particular challenge for small-bodied aquatic species. Traditional approaches (e.g. mark-recapture studies) preclude an assessment of animal movement over the life cycle (birth to reproduction), and movement of individuals may not represent the degree of gene movement for fecund species. 2. We investigated the degree of habitat connectivity (defined as the exchange of individuals and genes between mainstem and tributary habitats) in a stream brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) population using mark-recapture [passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags], stationary PIT-tag antennae and genetic pedigree data collected over 4years (3425 marked individuals). We hypothesised that: (i) a combination of these data would reveal higher estimates of animal movement over the life cycle (within a generation), relative to more temporally confined approaches, and (ii) movement estimates of individuals within a generation would differ from between-generation movement of genes because of spatial variation in reproductive success associated with high fecundity of this species. 3. Over half of PIT-tagged fish (juveniles and adults) were recaptured within 20m during periodic sampling, indicating restricted movement. However, continuous monitoring with stationary PIT-tag antennae revealed distinct peaks in trout movements in June and October-November, and sibship data inferred post-emergence movements of young-of-year trout that were too small to be tagged physically. A combination of these methods showed that a moderate portion of individuals (28-33%) moved between mainstem and tributary habitats over their life cycle. 4. Patterns of reproductive success varied spatially and temporally. The importance of tributaries as spawning habitat was discovered by accounting for reproductive history. When individuals born in the mainstem reproduced successfully, over 50% of their surviving offspring were inferred to have been born in tributaries. This high rate of gene movement to tributaries was cryptic, and it would have been missed by estimates based only on movement of individuals. 5. This study highlighted the importance of characterising animal movement over the life cycle for inferring habitat connectivity accurately. Such movements of individuals can contribute to substantial gene movements in a fecund species characterised by high variation in reproductive success. C1 [Kanno, Yoichiro; Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Coombs, Jason A.; Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Whiteley, Andrew R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM bletcher@usgs.gov FU Nature Conservancy Connecticut River Program; US Fish and Wildlife Service North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We thank the many people who helped collect data from the West Brook system, especially Matthew O'Donnell and Todd Dubreuil. Steve Jane performed the microsatellite genotyping. Funding for this work has been provided by The Nature Conservancy Connecticut River Program and The US Fish and Wildlife Service North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative. We thank Ronald Bassar and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier draft. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 59 IS 1 BP 142 EP 154 DI 10.1111/fwb.12254 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 269EY UT WOS:000328225500012 ER PT J AU Goldfarb, RJ Taylor, RD Collins, GS Goryachev, NA Orlandini, OF AF Goldfarb, Richard J. Taylor, Ryan D. Collins, Gregory S. Goryachev, Nikolay A. Orlandini, Omero Felipe TI Phanerozoic continental growth and gold metallogeny of Asia SO GONDWANA RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Asia; Gold; Tectonics; Orogenic gold; Epithermal; Porphyry; Carlin-type ID NORTH-CHINA-CRATON; PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSIT; CU-AU MINERALIZATION; YANGTZE-RIVER VALLEY; U-PB ZIRCON; EASTERN TRANSBAIKAL REGION; MOLYBDENITE RE-OS; TAN-LU FAULT; SOUTH CHINA; OROGENIC BELT AB The Asian continent formed during the past 800 m.y. during late Neoproterozoic through Jurassic closure of the Tethyan ocean basins, followed by late Mesozoic circum-Pacific and Cenozoic Himalayan orogenies. The oldest gold deposits in Asia reflect accretionary events along the margins of the Siberia, Kazakhstan, North China, Tarim-Karakum, South China, and Indochina Precambrian blocks while they were isolated within the Paleotethys and surrounding Panthalassa Oceans. Orogenic gold deposits are associated with large-scale, terrane-bounding fault systems and broad areas of deformation that existed along many of the active margins of the Precambrian blocks. Deposits typically formed during regional transpressional to transtensional events immediately after to as much as 100 m.y. subsequent to the onset of accretion or collision. Major orogenic gold provinces associated with this growth of the Asian continental mass include: (1) the ca. 750 Ma Yenisei Ridge, ca. 500 Ma East Sayan, and ca. 450-350 Ma Patom provinces along the southern margins of the Siberia craton; (2) the 450 Ma Charsk belt of north-central Kazakhstan; (3) the 310-280 Ma Kalba belt of NE Kazakhstan, extending into adjacent NW Xinjiang, along the Siberia-Kazakhstan suture; (4) the ca. 300-280 Ma deposits within the Central Asian southern and middle Tien Shan (e.g., Kumtor, Zarmitan, Muruntau), marking the closure of the Turkestan Ocean between Kazakhstan and the Tarim-Karalcum block; (5) the ca. 190-125 Ma Transbaikal deposits along the site of Permian to Late Jurassic diachronous closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean between Siberia and Mongolia/North China; (6) the probable Late Silurian-Early Devonian Jiagnan belt formed along the margin of Gondwana at the site of collision between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks; (7) Triassic deposits of the Paleozoic Qilian Shan and West Qinling orogens along the SW margin of the North China block developed during collision of South China; and (8) Jurassic(?) ores on the margins of the Subumusu block in Myanmar and Malaysia. Circum-Pacific tectonism led to major orogenic gold province formation along the length of the eastern side of Asia between ca. 135 and 120 Ma, although such deposits are slightly older in South Korea and slightly younger in the Amur region of the Russian Southeast. Deformation related to collision of the Kolyma-Omolon microcontinent with the Pacific margin of the Siberia craton led to formation of 136-125 Ma ores of the Yana-Kolyma belt (Natalka, Sarylakh) and 125-119 Ma ores of the South Verkhoyansk synclinorium (Nezhdaninskoe). Giant ca. 125 Ma gold provinces developed in the late Archean uplifted basement of the decratonized North China block, within its NE edge and into adjacent North Korea, in the Jiaodong Peninsula, and in the Qinling Mountains. The oldest gold-bearing magmatic-hydrothermal deposits of Asia include the ca. 485 Ma Duobaoshan porphyry within a part of the Tuva-Mongol arc, ca. 355 Ma low-sulfidation epithermal deposits (Kubaka) of the Omolon terrane accreted to eastern Russia, and porphyries (Bozshakol, Taldy Bulak) within Ordovican to Early Devonian oceanic arcs formed off the Kazakhstan microcontinent The Late Devonian to Carboniferous was marked by widespread gold-rich porphyry development along the margins of the closing Ob-Zaisan, Junggar-Balkhash, and Turkestan basins (Amalyk, Oyu Tolgoi); most were formed in continental arcs, although the giant Oyu Tolgoi porphyry was part of a near-shore oceanic arc. Permian subduction-related deformation along the east side of the Indochina block led to ca. 300 Ma gold-bearing skarn and disseminated gold ore formation in the Truong Son fold belt of Laos, and along the west side to ca. 250 Ma gold-bearing skarns and epithermal deposits in the Loei fold belt of Laos and Thailand. In the Mesozoic Transbaikal region, extension along the basin margins subsequent to Mongol-Okhotsk closure was associated with ca. 150-125 Ma formation of important auriferous epithermal (Balei), skarn (Bystray), and porphyry (Kultuminskoe) deposits. In northeastern Russia, Early Cretaceous Pacific margin subduction and Late Cretaceous extension were associated with epithermal gold-deposit formation in the Uda-Murgal (Julietta) and Okhotsk-Chukotka (Dukat, Kupol) volcanic belts, respectively. In southeastern Russia, latest Cretaceous to Oligocene extension correlates with other low-sulfidation epithermal ores that formed in the East Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt. Other extensional events, likely related to changing plate dynamics along the Pacific margin of Asia, relate to epithermal-skarn-porphyry districts that formed at ca. 125-85 Ma in northeastmost China and ca. 105-90 Ma in the Coast Volcanic belt of SE China. The onset of strike slip along a part of the southeastern Pacific margin appears to correlate with the giant 148-135 Ma gold-rich porphyry-skarn province of the lower and middle Yangtze River. It is still controversial as to whether true Carlin-like gold deposits exist in Asia. Those deposits that most closely resemble the Nevada (USA) ores are those in the Permo-Triassic Youjiang basin of SW China and NE Vietnam, and are probably Late Triassic in age, although this is not certain. Other Carlin-like deposits have been suggested to exist in the Sepon basin of Laos and in the Mongol-Okhotsk region (Kuranakh) of Transbaikal. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Gondwana Research. C1 [Goldfarb, Richard J.; Taylor, Ryan D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Goldfarb, Richard J.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 60094, Australia. [Goldfarb, Richard J.] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Collins, Gregory S.] Eldorado Gold, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. [Goryachev, Nikolay A.] Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, North East Interdisciplinary Sci Res Inst NA Shil, Magadan 685000, Russia. [Orlandini, Omero Felipe] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Goldfarb, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM goldfarb@usgs.gov OI Taylor, Ryan D/0000-0002-8845-5290 FU FEB RAS [12-II-CO-08-30]; China Geological Survey [1212011121090]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41230311]; National Science and Technology Support Program [2011BAB04B09]; [IGCP-592]; [IGCP-600] FX We thank Santosh, Gondwana Research chief editor, for the encouragement to conduct and the invitation to publish this synthesis, as well as for his patience in awaiting the final product. Nikolay Goryachev thanks the FEB RAS for support of this research (grant 12-II-CO-08-30) and IGCP-592. Rich Goldfarb thanks IGCP-592 and IGCP-600 for support and introducing him to some areas described in this manuscript, as well as the field support of the geological investigation work project of China Geological Survey (project no. 1212011121090), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project no. 41230311), and the National Science and Technology Support Program (project no. 2011BAB04B09). We thank Jingwen Mao, Erin Marsh, Doug Kirwin, and Wenjiao Xiao for their thorough reviews of this paper and Janet Slate for final comments. NR 422 TC 118 Z9 130 U1 41 U2 194 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1342-937X EI 1878-0571 J9 GONDWANA RES JI Gondwana Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 48 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.gr.2013.03.002 PG 55 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 267LT UT WOS:000328099900004 ER PT S AU Howard, SM Picotte, JJ Coan, MJ AF Howard, S. M. Picotte, J. J. Coan, M. J. BE Toth, C Holm, T Jutzi, B TI Utilizing Multi-Sensor Fire Detections to Map Fires in the United States SO ISPRS TECHNICAL COMMISSION I SYMPOSIUM SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS Technical Commission I Symposium CY NOV 17-20, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing Tech Commiss, ASPRS Pecora Fall Meeting DE Forest Fire; Mapping; Change Detection; Landsat; Multisensor; Data Mining AB In 2006, the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project began a cooperative effort between the US Forest Service (USFS) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to map and assess burn severity all large fires that have occurred in the United States since 1984. Using Landsat imagery, MTBS is mandated to map wildfire and prescribed fire that meet specific size criteria: greater than 1000 acres in the west and 500 acres in the east, regardless of ownership. Relying mostly on federal and state fire occurrence records, over 15,300 individual fires have been mapped. While mapping recorded fires, an additional 2,700 "unknown" or undocumented fires were discovered and assessed. It has become apparent that there are perhaps thousands of undocumented fires in the US that are yet to be mapped. Fire occurrence records alone are inadequate if MTBS is to provide a comprehensive accounting of fire across the US. Additionally, the sheer number of fires to assess has overwhelmed current manual procedures. To address these problems, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Sciences Program is helping to fund the efforts of the USGS and its MTBS partners (USFS, National Park Service) to develop, and implement a system to automatically identify fires using satellite data. In near real time, USGS will combine active fire satellite detections from MODIS, AVHRR and GOES satellites with Landsat acquisitions. Newly acquired Landsat imagery will be routinely scanned to identify freshly burned area pixels, derive an initial perimeter and tag the burned area with the satellite date and time of detection. Landsat imagery from the early archive will be scanned to identify undocumented fires. Additional automated fire assessment processes will be developed. The USGS will develop these processes using open source software packages in order to provide freely available tools to local land managers providing them with the capability to assess fires at the local level.(1) C1 [Howard, S. M.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57030 USA. [Picotte, J. J.] ASRC Fed InuTeq, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Coan, M. J.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Howard, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57030 USA. EM smhoward@usgs.gov; jpicotte@usgs.gov; mcoan@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2014 VL 40-1 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-161-2014 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE1RQ UT WOS:000368435600024 ER PT S AU McKerrow, AJ Davidson, A Earnhardt, TS Benson, AL AF McKerrow, Alexa J. Davidson, Anne Earnhardt, Todd S. Benson, Abigail L. BE Toth, C Holm, T Jutzi, B TI Integrating Recent Land Cover Mapping Efforts to Update the National Gap Analysis Program's Species Habitat Map SO ISPRS TECHNICAL COMMISSION I SYMPOSIUM SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS Technical Commission I Symposium CY NOV 17-20, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing Tech Commiss, ASPRS Pecora Fall Meeting DE GAP; LANDFIRE; NLCD; Land Cover; Habitat AB Over the past decade, great progress has been made to develop national extent land cover mapping products to address natural resource issues. One of the core products of the GAP Program is range-wide species distribution models for nearly 2000 terrestrial vertebrate species in the U.S. We rely on deductive modeling of habitat affinities using these products to create models of habitat availability. That approach requires that we have a thematically rich and ecologically meaningful map legend to support the modeling effort. In this work, we tested the integration of the Multi-Resolution Landscape Characterization Consortium's National Land Cover Database 2011 and LANDFIRE's Disturbance Products to update the 2001 National GAP Vegetation Dataset to reflect 2011 conditions. The revised product can then be used to update the species models. We tested the update approach in three geographic areas (Northeast, Southeast, and Interior Northwest). We used the NLCD product to identify areas where the cover type mapped in 2011 was different from what was in the 2001 land cover map. We used Google Earth and ArcGIS base maps as reference imagery in order to label areas identified as "changed" to the appropriate class from our map legend. Areas mapped as urban or water in the 2011 NLCD map that were mapped differently in the 2001 GAP map were accepted without further validation and recoded to the corresponding GAP class. We used LANDFIRE's Disturbance products to identify changes that are the result of recent disturbance and to inform the reassignment of areas to their updated thematic label. We ran species habitat models for three species including Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) and the White-tailed Jack Rabbit (Lepus townsendii) and Brown Headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla). For each of three vertebrate species we found important differences in the amount and location of suitable habitat between the 2001 and 2011 habitat maps. Specifically, Brown headed nuthatch habitat in 2011 was -14% of the 2001 modeled habitat, whereas Lewis's Woodpecker increased by 4%. The white-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus townsendii) had a net change of -1% (11% decline, 10% gain). For that species we found the updates related to opening of forest due to burning and regenerating shrubs following harvest to be the locally important main transitions. In the Southeast updates related to timber management and urbanization are locally important. C1 [McKerrow, Alexa J.] US Geol Survey, Core Sci Analyt Synth & Lib, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Davidson, Anne] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Earnhardt, Todd S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Benson, Abigail L.] US Geol Survey, Core Sci Analyt Synth & Lib, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP McKerrow, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Core Sci Analyt Synth & Lib, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM amckerrow@usgs.gov; adavidson@uidaho.edu; todd_earnhardt@ncsu.edu; albenson@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2014 VL 40-1 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-245-2014 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE1RQ UT WOS:000368435600037 ER PT S AU Luoma, SN Khan, FR Croteau, MN AF Luoma, Samuel N. Khan, Farhan R. Croteau, Marie-Noele BE Lead, JR ValsamiJones, E TI Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation of Metal-Based Engineered Nanomaterials in Aquatic Environments: Concepts and Processes SO NANOSCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE Frontiers of Nanoscience LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COPPER-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WATER BIVALVE CORBICULA; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; STABLE-ISOTOPE TRACERS; MUSSEL PERNA-VIRIDIS; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; RAINBOW-TROUT C1 [Luoma, Samuel N.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Luoma, Samuel N.; Croteau, Marie-Noele] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Khan, Farhan R.] Roskilde Univ, Dept Environm Social & Spatial Change, Roskilde, Denmark. RP Luoma, SN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Khan, Farhan/J-4316-2016 OI Khan, Farhan/0000-0002-9251-2972 NR 148 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-2778 BN 978-0-08-099408-6 J9 FRONT NANOSCI PY 2014 VL 7 BP 157 EP 193 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-099408-6.00005-0 PG 37 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BE5GE UT WOS:000372807300006 ER PT S AU Wright, T Stramondo, S Amelung, F Bawden, G Norbury, D Parsons, B Marsh, S AF Wright, Tim Stramondo, Salvatore Amelung, Falk Bawden, Gerald Norbury, David Parsons, Barry Marsh, Stuart BE Bally, P TI Seismic Hazards SO SATELLITE EARTH OBSERVATION FOR GEOHAZARD RISK MANAGEMENT SE European Space Agency Scientific and Technical Reports LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Forum on Satellite Earth Observations for Geohazards (the Santorini Conference) CY MAY 21-23, 2012 CL Santorini, GREECE SP European Space Agcy, Grp Earth Observat C1 [Wright, Tim] Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Stramondo, Salvatore] INGV, Rome, Italy. [Amelung, Falk] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Bawden, Gerald] US Geol Survey, New York, NY USA. [Norbury, David] EFG, Ghent, Belgium. [Parsons, Barry] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Marsh, Stuart] British Geol Survey, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Wright, T (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RI Parsons, Barry/K-4716-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-4067 J9 EUR SPACE AGENCY SCI PY 2014 VL 282 BP 25 EP 40 PG 16 WC Engineering, Geological; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BE5TL UT WOS:000373411900002 ER PT S AU Ferrucci, F Prata, F Amelung, F Bawden, G Biggs, J Briole, P DelNegro, C Eineder, M Jordan, C Loughlin, S Puglisi, G Bianchi, M Tait, S Theys, N Schneider, D Norbury, D AF Ferrucci, Fabrizio Prata, Fred Amelung, Falk Bawden, Gerald Biggs, Juliet Briole, Pierre DelNegro, Ciro Eineder, Michael Jordan, Com Loughlin, Sue Puglisi, Giuseppe Bianchi, Marco Tait, Steve Theys, Nicolas Schneider, David Norbury, David BE Bally, P TI Volcanic Hazards SO SATELLITE EARTH OBSERVATION FOR GEOHAZARD RISK MANAGEMENT SE European Space Agency Scientific and Technical Reports LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Forum on Satellite Earth Observations for Geohazards (the Santorini Conference) CY MAY 21-23, 2012 CL Santorini, GREECE SP European Space Agcy, Grp Earth Observat C1 [Ferrucci, Fabrizio; Tait, Steve] Inst Phys Globe Paris, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75251 Paris, France. [Prata, Fred] Norsk Inst Luftforskning NILU, Oslo, Norway. [Amelung, Falk] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Bawden, Gerald; Schneider, David] US Geol Survey, New York, NY USA. [Biggs, Juliet] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Briole, Pierre] Ecole Normale Super ENSP, Paris, France. [DelNegro, Ciro; Puglisi, Giuseppe] INGV, Rome, Italy. [Eineder, Michael] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Berlin, Germany. [Jordan, Com; Loughlin, Sue] British Geol Survey, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Bianchi, Marco] TRE, Rome, Italy. [Theys, Nicolas] Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Ghent, Belgium. [Norbury, David] EFG, Ghent, Belgium. RP Ferrucci, F (reprint author), Inst Phys Globe Paris, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75251 Paris, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-4067 J9 EUR SPACE AGENCY SCI PY 2014 VL 282 BP 41 EP 58 PG 18 WC Engineering, Geological; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BE5TL UT WOS:000373411900003 ER PT S AU Moretti, S Cigna, F Bawden, G Bianchini, S Del Ventisette, C Guzzetti, F Herrera, G Iasio, C March, S Malet, JP Mondini, A Norbury, D Raetzo, H Raspini, F Schneiderbauer, S Stumpf, A Wasowski, J Zebisch, M AF Moretti, Sandro Cigna, Francesca Bawden, Gerald Bianchini, Silvia Del Ventisette, Chiara Guzzetti, Fausto Herrera, Gerardo Iasio, Christian March, Stuart Malet, Jean-Philippe Mondini, Alessandro Norbury, David Raetzo, Hugo Raspini, Federico Schneiderbauer, Stefan Stumpf, Andre Wasowski, Janusz Zebisch, Marc BE Bally, P TI Landslide Hazards SO SATELLITE EARTH OBSERVATION FOR GEOHAZARD RISK MANAGEMENT SE European Space Agency Scientific and Technical Reports LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Forum on Satellite Earth Observations for Geohazards (the Santorini Conference) CY MAY 21-23, 2012 CL Santorini, GREECE SP European Space Agcy, Grp Earth Observat C1 [Moretti, Sandro; Bianchini, Silvia; Del Ventisette, Chiara; Raspini, Federico] Univ Florence UNIFI, Florence, Italy. [Cigna, Francesca; March, Stuart] British Geol Survey, London, England. [Bawden, Gerald] US Geol Survey, New York, NY USA. [Guzzetti, Fausto; Mondini, Alessandro; Wasowski, Janusz] Inst Geohydrol Protect IRPI, Cosenza, Italy. [Herrera, Gerardo] IGME, Madrid, Spain. [Iasio, Christian; Schneiderbauer, Stefan; Zebisch, Marc] European Acad Bozen Bolzano EURAC, Bolzano, Italy. [Malet, Jean-Philippe; Stumpf, Andre] Univ Strasbourg UNISTRA, Vienna, Austria. [Norbury, David] EFG, Louvain, Belgium. [Raetzo, Hugo] Fed Off Environm FOEN, Basel, Switzerland. RP Moretti, S (reprint author), Univ Florence UNIFI, Florence, Italy. RI Raspini, Federico/H-5830-2016; Del Ventisette, Chiara/E-8995-2012 OI Del Ventisette, Chiara/0000-0003-2429-7710 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-4067 J9 EUR SPACE AGENCY SCI PY 2014 VL 282 BP 59 EP 80 PG 22 WC Engineering, Geological; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BE5TL UT WOS:000373411900004 ER PT S AU Gruijters, S Kruiver, P van der Krogt, R Arnaud, A Bawden, G Bucx, T van Leijen, F Norbury, D AF Gruijters, Stephan Kruiver, Pauline van der Krogt, Rob Arnaud, Alain Bawden, Gerald Bucx, Tom van Leijen, Freek Norbury, David BE Bally, P TI Coastal Subsidence and Flood SO SATELLITE EARTH OBSERVATION FOR GEOHAZARD RISK MANAGEMENT SE European Space Agency Scientific and Technical Reports LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Forum on Satellite Earth Observations for Geohazards (the Santorini Conference) CY MAY 21-23, 2012 CL Santorini, GREECE SP European Space Agcy, Grp Earth Observat C1 [Gruijters, Stephan; van der Krogt, Rob] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Kruiver, Pauline; Bucx, Tom] Deltares, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Arnaud, Alain] Altamira Informat, Madrid, Spain. [Bawden, Gerald] US Geol Survey, New York, NY USA. [van Leijen, Freek] Hansje Brinker, Amsterdam, Netherlands. EFG, Ghent, Belgium. RP Gruijters, S (reprint author), Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-4067 J9 EUR SPACE AGENCY SCI PY 2014 VL 282 BP 91 EP 110 PG 20 WC Engineering, Geological; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BE5TL UT WOS:000373411900006 ER PT S AU Abbott, DH Breger, D Biscaye, PE Barron, JA Juhl, RA McCafferty, P AF Abbott, Dallas H. Breger, Dee Biscaye, Pierre E. Barron, John A. Juhl, Robert A. McCafferty, Patrick BE Keller, G Kerr, AC TI What caused terrestrial dust loading and climate downturns between AD 533 and 540? SO VOLCANISM, IMPACTS, AND MASS EXTINCTIONS: CAUSES AND EFFECTS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions - Causes and Effects CY MAR 27-29, 2013 CL Nat Hist Museum, London, ENGLAND HO Nat Hist Museum ID INTERPLANETARY DUST; EXTRATERRESTRIAL HE-3; COSMIC DUST; ICE CORE; CARBONATE DIAGENESIS; ACCRETION RATE; GREENLAND ICE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; POLAR ICE; PARTICLES AB Sn-rich particles, Ni-rich particles, and cosmic spherules are found together at four discrete stratigraphic levels within the 362-360 m depth interval of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core (72.6 degrees N, 38.5 degrees W, elevation: 3203 m). Using a previously derived calendar-year time scale, these particles span a time of increased dust loading of Earth's atmosphere between A.D. 533 and 540. The Sn-rich and Nirich particles contain an average of 10-11 wt% C. Their high C contents coupled with local enrichments in the volatile elements I, Zn, Cu, and Xe suggest a cometary source for the dust. The late spring timing of extraterrestrial input best matches the Eta Aquarid meteor shower associated with comet 1P/Halley. An increased flux of cometary dust might explain a modest climate downturn in A.D. 533. Both cometary dust and volcanic sulfate probably contributed to the profound global dimming during A.D. 536 and 537 but may be insufficient sources of fine aerosols. We found tropical marine microfossils and aerosol-sized CaCO3 particles at the end A.D. 535-start A.D. 536 level that we attribute to a low-latitude explosion in the ocean. This additional source of dust is probably needed to explain the solar dimming during A.D. 536 and 537. Although there has been no extinction documented at A.D. 536, our results are relevant because mass extinctions may also have multiple drivers. Detailed examinations of fine particles at and near extinction horizons can help to determine the relative contributions of cosmic and volcanic drivers to mass extinctions. C1 [Abbott, Dallas H.; Breger, Dee; Biscaye, Pierre E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Barron, John A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Breger, Dee] Microg Arts, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. RP Abbott, DH (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2505-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2014 VL 505 BP 421 EP 437 DI 10.1130/2014.2505(23) PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA BE7RR UT WOS:000375779400023 ER PT J AU Mebane, CA Simon, NS Maret, TR AF Mebane, Christopher A. Simon, Nancy S. Maret, Terry R. TI Linking nutrient enrichment and streamflow to macrophytes in agricultural streams SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aquatic macrophytes; Benthic algae; Eutrophication; Phosphorus fractionation; Nitrogen; Flow regime; Streams ID AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; WATER-QUALITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FLOWING WATERS; SNAKE RIVER; BOW RIVER; PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENT AB Efforts to limit plant growth in streams by reducing nutrients would benefit from an understanding of the relative influences of nutrients, streamflow, light, and other potentially important factors. We measured macrophytes, benthic algae, nutrients in water and sediment, discharge, and shading from 30 spring-fed or runoff-influenced streams in the upper Snake River basin, ID, USA. We hypothesized that in hydrologically stable, spring-fed streams with clear water, macrophyte and benthic algae biomass would be a function of bioavailable nutrients in water or sediments, whereas in hydrologically dynamic, runoff-influenced streams, macrophyte and benthic algae biomass would further be constrained by flow disturbance and light. These hypotheses were only partly supported. Nitrogen, both in sediment and water, was positively correlated with macrophyte biomass, as was loosely sorbed phosphorus (P) in sediment. However, P in water was not. Factors other than nutrient enrichment had the strongest influences on macrophyte species composition. Benthic algal biomass was positively correlated with loosely sorbed sediment P, lack of shade, antecedent water temperatures, and bicarbonate. These findings support the measurement of bioavailable P fractions in sediment and flow histories in streams, but caution against relying on macrophyte species composition or P in water in nutrient management strategies for macrophytes in streams. C1 [Mebane, Christopher A.; Maret, Terry R.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Simon, Nancy S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Mebane, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 230 Collins Rd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM cmebane@usgs.gov RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program FX Financial support for the study was from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. NR 77 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2014 VL 722 IS 1 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1693-4 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 257SB UT WOS:000327405400012 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ Slone, DH Gregoire, DR Loftus, WF AF Schofield, Pamela J. Slone, Daniel H. Gregoire, Denise R. Loftus, William F. TI Effects of a non-native cichlid fish (African jewelfish, Hemichromis letourneuxi Sauvage 1880) on a simulated Everglades aquatic community SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Florida Everglades; Hemichromis; Invasive species; Native fishes; Palaemonetes; Pomacea ID FLORIDA-EVERGLADES; FRESH-WATER; HETERANDRIA-FORMOSA; GAMBUSIA-HOLBROOKI; INTRODUCED MOSQUITOFISH; PALAEMONETES-PALUDOSUS; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; PREDATOR AB In an 8-month mesocosm experiment, we examined how a simulated Everglades aquatic community of small native fishes, snails, and shrimp changed with the addition of either a native predator (dollar sunfish Lepomis marginatus) or a non-native predator (African jewelfish Hemichromis letourneuxi) compared to a no-predator control. Two snail species (Planorbella duryi, Physella cubensis) and the shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) displayed the strongest predator-treatment effects, with significantly lower biomasses in tanks with Hemichromis. One small native fish (Heterandria formosa) was significantly less abundant in Hemichromis tanks, but there were no significant treatment effects for Gambusia holbrooki, Jordanella floridae, or Pomacea paludosa (applesnail). Overall, there were few treatment differences between native predator and no-predator control tanks. The results suggest that the potential of Hemichromis to affect basal food-web species that link primary producers with higher-level consumers in the aquatic food web, with unknown consequences for Florida waters. C1 [Schofield, Pamela J.; Slone, Daniel H.; Gregoire, Denise R.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Loftus, William F.] Aquat Res & Commun LLC, Vero Beach, FL 32967 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pschofield@usgs.gov OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 FU USGS Invasive Species Program; USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center FX This study was funded by the USGS Invasive Species Program and the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center. M. E. Brown (USGS) provided technical assistance in the field and in the lab, for which we are grateful. S. Ruessler (USGS) was especially helpful in maintaining the mesocosm facility in good working order. J. Lopez graciously facilitated our collection of H. letourneuxi at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden. F. Thompson (Florida Museum of Natural History) identified gastropod specimens. J. Trexler (Florida International University) and V. Engel (USGS) kindly provided comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Comments from two anonymous journal reviewers lead to substantial improvements in the manuscript, and we are grateful for their input. Fishes were collected under State of Florida Scientific Collector's Permit FNE-2011-15. Experiments were conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) USGS/SESC 2010-03. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2014 VL 722 IS 1 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1697-0 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 257SB UT WOS:000327405400014 ER PT J AU Fisher, JDL Mushet, DM Stockwell, CA AF Fisher, Justin D. L. Mushet, David M. Stockwell, Craig A. TI Potential for parasite-induced biases in aquatic invertebrate population studies SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Population sampling bias; Parasite manipulation hypothesis; Gammarus lacustris; Polymorphus; Acanthocephalan parasite ID GAMMARUS-PULEX; ACANTHOCEPHALAN PARASITE; POMPHORHYNCHUS-LAEVIS; POLYMORPHUS-MINUTUS; BEHAVIORAL-MODIFICATIONS; INTERMEDIATE HOSTS; ALTERED BEHAVIOR; PREDATION; AMPHIPODS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Recent studies highlight the need to include estimates of detection/capture probability in population studies. This need is particularly important in studies where detection and/or capture probability is influenced by parasite-induced behavioral alterations. We assessed potential biases associated with sampling a population of the amphipod Gammarus lacustris in the presence of Polymorphus spp. acanthocephalan parasites shown to increase positive phototaxis in their amphipod hosts. We trapped G. lacustris at two water depths (benthic and surface) and compared number of captures and number of parasitized individuals at each depth. While we captured the greatest number of G. lacustris individuals in benthic traps, parasitized individuals were captured most often in surface traps. These results reflect the phototaxic movement of infected individuals from benthic locations to sunlit surface waters. We then explored the influence of varying infection rates on a simulated population held at a constant level of abundance. Simulations resulted in increasingly biased abundance estimates as infection rates increased. Our results highlight the need to consider parasite-induced biases when quantifying detection and/or capture probability in studies of aquatic invertebrate populations. C1 [Fisher, Justin D. L.; Stockwell, Craig A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Environm & Conservat Sci Grad Program, Dept 2715, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58104 USA. RP Stockwell, CA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Environm & Conservat Sci Grad Program, Dept 2715, 218 Stevens Hall,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM Craig.Stockwell@ndsu.edu FU North Dakota State University Department of Biological Sciences FX This project was funded by a Frank Cassel Research Award from the North Dakota State University Department of Biological Sciences to JDLF. Authors are greatly indebted to Philip Smith, Rachel Tooker, and Stephen Lane for providing valuable field assistance as well as aiding in laboratory processing of our samples. Authors would like to thank Sujan Henkanaththegedara, Shawn Goodchild, Mark Wiltermuth as well as Stuart Halse and two anonymous reviewers for comments on a previous draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2014 VL 722 IS 1 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1700-9 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 257SB UT WOS:000327405400016 ER PT J AU James, DA Mosel, K Chipps, SR AF James, Daniel A. Mosel, Kyle Chipps, Steven R. TI The influence of light, stream gradient, and iron on Didymosphenia geminata bloom development in the Black Hills, South Dakota SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Didymosphenia geminata; Aquatic nuisance species; Light availability; Iron ID DIATOM DIDYMOSPHENIA; BENTHIC DIATOMS; B RADIATION; RIVERS; PERIPHYTON; GROWTH; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; COMMUNITIES; SORPTION; HABITAT AB The aquatic nuisance species Didymosphenia geminata was first documented in Rapid Creek of South Dakota's Black Hills during 2002. Since then, blooms have occurred primarily in a 39-km section of Rapid Creek while blooms were rarely observed in other Black Hills streams. In this study, we evaluated factors related to the presence and development of visible colonies of D. geminata in four streams of the Black Hills. At the watershed scale, stream gradient was negatively associated with the occurrence of D. geminata whereas stream width was positively related to D. geminata presence. At the stream scale, D. geminata coverage was inversely related to canopy coverage and iron concentration. At the local scale, shading by bridges virtually eliminated growth of D. geminata colonies under bridges. At all three scales, proxy measures of light such as stream width, canopy coverage, and bridge shading revealed that light availability was an important factor influencing the presence and coverage of D. geminata colonies. In general, streams that had relatively wide stream reaches (mean = 9.9 m), shallow gradients (mean = 0.22%), and little canopy cover (mean = 13%) were associated with D. geminata blooms. In addition, iron concentrations in streams with D. geminata colonies were lower than in streams without blooms. C1 [James, Daniel A.; Mosel, Kyle; Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP James, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM daniel_james@fws.gov FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-15-R 1514] FX We thank personnel from the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, and South Dakota State University for laboratory and field assistance during this study. J. Stafford provided assistance with statistical analyses. Funding for this project was provided by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration (Project F-15-R 1514) administered by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2014 VL 721 IS 1 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1654-y PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 253ZL UT WOS:000327129300012 ER PT J AU Dembkowski, DJ Miranda, LE AF Dembkowski, Daniel J. Miranda, L. E. TI Environmental variables measured at multiple spatial scales exert uneven influence on fish assemblages of floodplain lakes SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Fish assemblage structure; CAP analysis; Floodplain lake; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; Depth ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; OXBOW LAKES; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; MORPHOEDAPHIC INDEX; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RIVER-FLOODPLAIN; SPECIES RICHNESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ORINOCO RIVER; HABITAT AB We examined the interaction between environmental variables measured at three different scales (i.e., landscape, lake, and in-lake) and fish assemblage descriptors across a range of over 50 floodplain lakes in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Mississippi and Arkansas. Our goal was to identify important local- and landscape-level determinants of fish assemblage structure. Relationships between fish assemblage structure and variables measured at broader scales (i.e., landscape-level and lake-level) were hypothesized to be stronger than relationships with variables measured at finer scales (i.e., in-lake variables). Results suggest that fish assemblage structure in floodplain lakes was influenced by variables operating on three different scales. However, and contrary to expectations, canonical correlations between in-lake environmental characteristics and fish assemblage structure were generally stronger than correlations between landscape-level and lake-level variables and fish assemblage structure, suggesting a hierarchy of influence. From a resource management perspective, our study suggests that landscape-level and lake-level variables may be manipulated for conservation or restoration purposes, and in-lake variables and fish assemblage structure may be used to monitor the success of such efforts. C1 [Dembkowski, Daniel J.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dembkowski, DJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM daniel.dembkowski@sdstate.edu FU Vicksburg District of the Army Corps of Engineers through K.J. Killgore; Mississippi State University; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the Vicksburg District of the Army Corps of Engineers through K.J. Killgore, by Mississippi State University, and by the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors thank T. Alfermann, N. Aycock, J. Dagel, R. Krogman, S. Miyazono, and S. Wigen for assistance with fieldwork; and J. Breeggemann, D. Deslauriers, C. A. Hayer, M. Kaemingk, T. Rapp, and M. Wagner for helpful reviews of earlier drafts of the manuscript. (Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Government). NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2014 VL 721 IS 1 BP 129 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1655-x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 253ZL UT WOS:000327129300013 ER PT J AU Meinertz, JR Hess, KR AF Meinertz, Jeffery R. Hess, Karina R. TI Evaluation of analytical techniques to determine AQUI-S (R) 20E (eugenol) concentrations in water SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE AQUI-S (R) 20E; Eugenol; Vanillin; Anesthetic; Analytical method ID CLOVE OIL; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; EFFICACY; METOMIDATE AB There is a critical need in U. S. public aquaculture and fishery management programs for an immediate-release sedative, i.e. a compound that can be safely and effectively used to sedate fish and subsequently, allow for their immediate release. AQUI-S (R) 20E (10% active ingredient, eugenol; any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government) is being pursued for U. S. approval as an immediate-release sedative. As part of the approval process, data describing animal safety and efficacy are needed. Essential to conducting studies that generate those data, is a method to accurately and precisely determine AQUI-S (R) 20E concentrations in exposure baths. Spectrophotometric and solid phase extraction (SPE)-high pressure liquid chromatography (LC) methods were developed and evaluated as methods to determine AQUI-S (R) 20E (eugenol) concentrations in water, methods that could be applied to any situation where eugenol was being evaluated as a fish sedative. The spectrophotometric method was accurate and precise (accuracy, >87%; precision, <0.70 %CV) when determining eugenol concentrations in solutions of 50 to 1000 mg/L AQUI-S (R) 20E made with LC grade water and water with varying pH and hardness. The spectrophotometric method's accuracy was negatively affected when analyzing water containing fish feed. The SPE-LC method was also accurate and precise (accuracy >86%; precision <8.9 %CV) when determining eugenol concentrations in solutions of 50 to 1000 mg/L AQUI-S (R) 20E made with LC grade water and water with varying pH and hardness. The SPE-LC method was influenced to a lesser degree by the presence of fish feed indicating greater specificity for eugenol. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Hess, Karina R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jmeinertz@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 418 BP 62 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.09.033 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 252BC UT WOS:000326978300009 ER PT J AU Caudill, CC Keefer, ML Clabough, TS Naughton, GP Burke, BJ Peery, CA AF Caudill, Christopher C. Keefer, Matthew L. Clabough, Tami S. Naughton, George P. Burke, Brian J. Peery, Christopher A. TI Indirect Effects of Impoundment on Migrating Fish: Temperature Gradients in Fish Ladders Slow Dam Passage by Adult Chinook Salmon and Steelhead SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED-GAS SUPERSATURATION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COLUMBIA RIVER; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; SNAKE RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WATER TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY AB Thermal layering in reservoirs upstream from hydroelectric dams can create temperature gradients in fishways used by upstream migrating adults. In the Snake River, Washington, federally-protected adult salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) often encounter relatively cool water in dam tailraces and lower ladder sections and warmer water in the upstream portions of ladders. Using radiotelemetry, we examined relationships between fish passage behavior and the temperature difference between the top and bottom of ladders (Delta T) at four dams over four years. Some spring Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) experienced Delta T >= 0.5 degrees C. Many summer and fall Chinook salmon and summer steelhead (O. mykiss) experienced Delta T >= 1.0 degrees C, and some individuals encountered Delta T > 4.0 degrees C. As Delta T increased, migrants were consistently more likely to move down fish ladders and exit into dam tailraces, resulting in upstream passage delays that ranged from hours to days. Fish body temperatures equilibrated to ladder temperatures and often exceeded 20 degrees C, indicating potential negative physiological and fitness effects. Collectively, the results suggest that gradients in fishway water temperatures present a migration obstacle to many anadromous migrants. Unfavorable temperature gradients may be common at reservoir-fed fish passage facilities, especially those with seasonal thermal layering or stratification. Understanding and managing thermal heterogeneity at such sites may be important for ensuring efficient upstream passage and minimizing stress for migratory, temperature-sensitive species. C1 [Caudill, Christopher C.; Keefer, Matthew L.; Clabough, Tami S.; Naughton, George P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Burke, Brian J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Peery, Christopher A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fisheries Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID USA. RP Caudill, CC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM caudill@uidaho.edu RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 FU United States Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District FX This study was funded by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, with assistance provided by M. Shutters and K. Zelch. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 75 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 31 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 12 AR e85586 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0085586 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 284MV UT WOS:000329323900164 PM 24392020 ER PT J AU Holt, DE Jelks, HL Jordan, F AF Holt, Daniel E. Jelks, Howard L. Jordan, Frank TI Movement and Longevity of Imperiled Okaloosa Darters (Etheostoma okaloosae) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID VISIBLE IMPLANT ELASTOMER; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; WATER-QUALITY; STREAM FISHES; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; CORRIDORS; ABUNDANCE; PERCIDAE; SURVIVAL AB Movement and longevity studies inform management and conservation plans for imperiled organisms. We used a mark-recapture study to reveal information about these key biological characteristics for imperiled Okaloosa Darters (Etheostoma okaloosae). Okaloosa Darters were captured from 20 m reaches at six separate streams, marked with VIE on the left or right dorsum according to the side of the stream from which they were captured, and released on the same side where they were captured. Okaloosa Darters were recounted (but not recaptured) at 24 h and one month, and then recaptured once per year for the following eight years. During the final recapture year, we measured standard length of all Okaloosa Darters and constructed length frequency distributions to identify distinct cohorts. We found that significant numbers of Okaloosa Darters remained within their 20 m reaches after 24 h (31%), one month (45%), and one year (22%) and rarely crossed open, sandy stream channels from one side to the other. Our recapture data and length frequency distributions indicate that Okaloosa Darters live longer than the 2-3 years suggested by previous authors. One of our recaptured fish was at least eight years old, making Okaloosa Darters the most long-lived etheostomine. C1 [Holt, Daniel E.; Jordan, Frank] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Jelks, Howard L.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Jordan, F (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 6363 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM danholt05@gmail.com; hjelks@usgs.gov; jordan@loyno.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense; Mullahy Fund of Loyola University New Orleans FX We would like to thank M. Huey, A. Roth-Kaller, T. Sevick, J. Simon, and numerous Loyola University New Orleans undergraduates for their assistance in the field and lab. B. Hagedorn and K. Gault provided logistical support on behalf of Eglin Air Force Base. K. Herrington, J. Herod, and B. Tate of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service assisted with endangered species permits. L. Jelks provided editorial review of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense and the Mullahy Fund of Loyola University New Orleans. Dr. Tom Holt provided medical support when leeches or poison ivy challenged our health. Fish used in this study were collected under consecutive collecting permits from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (most recent #FNW12-06 to FJ) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (TE697819-2, SA 00-10), and according to methods approved by Loyola University New Orleans IACUC protocol 2011-14 to FJ. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 30 PY 2013 IS 4 BP 653 EP 659 DI 10.1643/CE-12-175 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AG2WN UT WOS:000335277900010 ER PT J AU Swanson, JE Bailey, LL Muths, E Funk, WC AF Swanson, Jennifer E. Bailey, Larissa L. Muths, Erin Funk, W. Chris TI Factors Influencing Survival and Mark Retention in Postmetamorphic Boreal Chorus Frogs SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID RANA-SYLVATICA; AMPHIBIANS; SENSITIVITY; ANURANS; ECOLOGY; ETHICS AB The ability to track individual animals is crucial in many field studies and often requires applying marks to captured individuals. Toe clipping has historically been a standard marking method for wild amphibian populations, but more recent marking methods include visual implant elastomer and photo identification. Unfortunately, few studies have investigated the influence and effectiveness of marking methods for recently metamorphosed individuals and as a result little is known about this life-history phase for most amphibians. Our focus was to explore survival probabilities, mark retention, and mark migration in postmetamorphic Boreal Chorus Frogs (Psuedacris maculata) in a laboratory setting. One hundred forty-seven individuals were assigned randomly to two treatment groups or a control group. Frogs in the first treatment group were marked with visual implant elastomer, while frogs in the second treatment group were toe clipped. Growth and mortality were recorded for one year and resulting data were analyzed using known-fate models in Program MARK. Model selection results suggested that survival probabilities of frogs varied with time and showed some variation among marking treatments. We found that frogs with multiple toes clipped on the same foot had lower survival probabilities than individuals in other treatments, but individuals can be marked by clipping a single toe on two different feet without any mark loss or negative survival effects. Individuals treated with visual implant elastomer had a mark migration rate of 4% and mark loss rate of 6%, and also showed very little negative survival impacts relative to control individuals. C1 [Swanson, Jennifer E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Funk, W. Chris] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Swanson, JE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, 1472 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jeswanson1@gmail.com; larissa.bailey@colostate.edu; muthse@usgs.gov; Chris.Funk@colostate.edu RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 30 PY 2013 IS 4 BP 670 EP 675 DI 10.1643/CH-12-129 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AG2WN UT WOS:000335277900013 ER PT J AU Baltay, AS Beroza, GC AF Baltay, Annemarie S. Beroza, Gregory C. TI Ground-motion prediction from tremor SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ground motion prediction; tectonic tremor; hazard maps; attenuation ID LOW-FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKES; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; SUBDUCTION ZONE; EPISODIC TREMOR; SLIP AB The widespread occurrence of tremor, coupled with its frequency content and location, provides an exceptional opportunity to test and improve strong ground-motion attenuation relations for subduction zones. We characterize the amplitude of thousands of individual 5min tremor events in Cascadia during three episodic tremor and slip events to constrain the distance decay of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV). We determine the anelastic attenuation parameter for ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to a distance of 150km, which is sufficient to place important constraints on ground-motion decay. Tremor PGA and PGV show a distance decay that is similar to subduction-zone-specific GMPEs developed from both data and simulations; however, the massive amount of data present in the tremor observations should allow us to refine distance-amplitude attenuation relationships for use in hazard maps, and to search for regional variations and intrasubduction zone differences in ground-motion attenuation. C1 [Baltay, Annemarie S.] Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beroza, Gregory C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Baltay, AS (reprint author), Earthquake Sci Ctr, USGS Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM abaltay@usgs.gov FU Mendenhall Fellowship at the USGS; Pacific Gas and Electric; SCEC (NSF) [EAR-0529922]; SCEC (USGS) [07HQAG0008] FX The authors are extremely grateful to Sirada Asawachaisujja for initial analysis of Cascadia data while a SURGE intern at Stanford in 2012; to Suguru Yabe and Satoshi Ide for helpful discussion and synthetic study results; to Justin Rubinstein, Art Frankel, Adrien Oth, and an anonymous reviewer for thorough reviews. A. S. Baltay is supported by a Mendenhall Fellowship at the USGS and was supported by Pacific Gas and Electric during 2012. This research was also supported by SCEC (NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922, USGS Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008). SCEC paper number 1795. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 24 BP 6340 EP 6345 DI 10.1002/2013GL058506 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 290SC UT WOS:000329777600003 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM AF Dorazio, Robert M. TI Bayes and Empirical Bayes Estimators of Abundance and Density from Spatial Capture-Recapture Data SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIERARCHICAL MODEL; CAMERA-TRAP; CONFIDENCE; INFERENCE AB In capture-recapture and mark-resight surveys, movements of individuals both within and between sampling periods can alter the susceptibility of individuals to detection over the region of sampling. In these circumstances spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) models, which incorporate the observed locations of individuals, allow population density and abundance to be estimated while accounting for differences in detectability of individuals. In this paper I propose two Bayesian SECR models, one for the analysis of recaptures observed in trapping arrays and another for the analysis of recaptures observed in area searches. In formulating these models I used distinct submodels to specify the distribution of individual home-range centers and the observable recaptures associated with these individuals. This separation of ecological and observational processes allowed me to derive a formal connection between Bayes and empirical Bayes estimators of population abundance that has not been established previously. I showed that this connection applies to every Poisson point-process model of SECR data and provides theoretical support for a previously proposed estimator of abundance based on recaptures in trapping arrays. To illustrate results of both classical and Bayesian methods of analysis, I compared Bayes and empirical Bayes esimates of abundance and density using recaptures from simulated and real populations of animals. Real populations included two iconic datasets: recaptures of tigers detected in camera-trap surveys and recaptures of lizards detected in area-search surveys. In the datasets I analyzed, classical and Bayesian methods provided similar - and often identical - inferences, which is not surprising given the sample sizes and the noninformative priors used in the analyses. C1 US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center FX Funded by U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 40 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 27 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 12 AR e84017 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084017 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 281RE UT WOS:000329117900072 PM 24386325 ER PT J AU Thorpe, AS Perakis, S Catricala, C Kaye, TN AF Thorpe, Andrea S. Perakis, Steven Catricala, Christina Kaye, Thomas N. TI Nutrient Limitation of Native and Invasive N-2-Fixing Plants in Northwest Prairies SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID N-15 ISOTOPE-DILUTION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; ROOT-NODULES; N-2 FIXATION; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Nutrient rich conditions often promote plant invasions, yet additions of non-nitrogen (N) nutrients may provide a novel approach for conserving native symbiotic N-fixing plants in otherwise N-limited ecosystems. Lupinus oreganus is a threatened N-fixing plant endemic to prairies in western Oregon and southwest Washington (USA). We tested the effect of non-N fertilizers on the growth, reproduction, tissue N content, and stable isotope delta(15) N composition of Lupinus at three sites that differed in soil phosphorus (P) and N availability. We also examined changes in other Fabaceae (primarily Vicia sativa and V. hirsuta) and cover of all plant species. Variation in background soil P and N availability shaped patterns of nutrient limitation across sites. Where soil P and N were low, P additions increased Lupinus tissue N and altered foliar d delta N-15, suggesting P limitation of N fixation. Where soil P was low but N was high, P addition stimulated growth and reproduction in Lupinus. At a third site, with higher soil P, only micro-and macronutrient fertilization without N and P increased Lupinus growth and tissue N. Lupinus foliar delta(15) N averaged 20.010% across all treatments and varied little with tissue N, suggesting consistent use of fixed N. In contrast, foliar delta(15) N of Vicia spp. shifted towards 0% as tissue N increased, suggesting that conditions fostering N fixation may benefit these exotic species. Fertilization increased cover, N fixation, and tissue N of nontarget, exotic Fabaceae, but overall plant community structure shifted at only one site, and only after the dominant Lupinus was excluded from analyses. Our finding that non-N fertilization increased the performance of Lupinus with few community effects suggests a potential strategy to aid populations of threatened legume species. The increase in exotic Fabaceae species that occurred with fertilization further suggests that monitoring and adaptive management should accompany any large scale applications. C1 [Thorpe, Andrea S.; Kaye, Thomas N.] Inst Appl Ecol, Corvallis, OR USA. [Perakis, Steven; Catricala, Christina] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Thorpe, AS (reprint author), Natl Ecol Observ Network Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM athorpe@neoninc.org FU US Geological Survey; Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 45 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 27 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 12 AR e84593 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084593 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 281RE UT WOS:000329117900103 PM 24386399 ER PT J AU Ogden, FL Stallard, RF AF Ogden, Fred L. Stallard, Robert F. TI Land use effects on ecosystem service provisioning in tropical watersheds, still an important unsolved problem SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Ogden, Fred L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ogden, Fred L.; Stallard, Robert F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Stallard, Robert F.] US Geol Survey, Water Discipline, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ogden, FL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM fogden@uwyo.edu RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 34 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 24 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 52 BP E5037 EP E5037 DI 10.1073/pnas.1314747111 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 277ZW UT WOS:000328858800003 PM 24335591 ER PT J AU Aufderheide, H Rudolf, L Gross, T Lafferty, KD AF Aufderheide, Helge Rudolf, Lars Gross, Thilo Lafferty, Kevin D. TI How to predict community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE food web; perturbation; generalized model; impact; key species; complex network ID FOOD WEBS; STABILITY; INDETERMINACY; EXTINCTIONS; INCREASES; INVASIONS; MODELS; IMPACT; LAKE AB Recent attempts to predict the response of large food webs to perturbations have revealed that in larger systems increasingly precise information on the elements of the system is required. Thus, the effort needed for good predictions grows quickly with the system's complexity. Here, we show that not all elements need to be measured equally well, suggesting that a more efficient allocation of effort is possible. We develop an iterative technique for determining an efficient measurement strategy. In model food webs, we find that it is most important to precisely measure the mortality and predation rates of long-lived, generalist, top predators. Prioritizing the study of such species will make it easier to understand the response of complex food webs to perturbations. C1 [Aufderheide, Helge] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Dresden, Germany. [Aufderheide, Helge; Rudolf, Lars; Gross, Thilo] Univ Bristol, Merchant Venturers Sch Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Aufderheide, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Dresden, Germany. EM he.adh@biond.org RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 22 PY 2013 VL 280 IS 1773 AR 2013.2355 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.2355 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 298LO UT WOS:000330325600017 PM 24197416 ER PT J AU Faivovich, J Mcdiarmid, RW Myers, CW AF Faivovich, Julian Mcdiarmid, Roy W. Myers, Charles W. TI Two new species of Myersiohyla (Anura: Hylidae) from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela, with comments on other species of the genus SO AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GREEN TREE FROG; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; HYPSIBOAS AMPHIBIA; HYLOSCIRTUS ANURA; LITORIA-CAERULEA; DYNAMIC HOMOLOGY; ATLANTIC FOREST; FAMILY HYLIDAE; PARSIMONY AB Two new species of Myersiohyla are described from the 1984-1985 Cerro de la Neblina Expedition in southern Venezuela, together with notes on the genus and a test of its monophyly, which has been challenged in recent studies. The inclusion of new sequences results in a monophyletic Myersiohyla that is better supported than in earlier analyses. One of the new species is similar to M. inparquesi, with which it has been confused previously. This newly described species has, like M. inparquesi, a tadpole with a dorsoventrally flattened body and the largest labial toothrow formula so far reported for anuran larvae (16/21). It differs from M. inparquesi in larval characters, adult coloration, and vocalization. The other new species is unique in having a color pattern composed of stellate melanophores over a greenish ground color. Comments on the holotype of M. loveridgei provide details overlooked in previous references to this rare species and stress the need to establish diagnostic characters that might differentiate it from M. aromatica. Furthermore, we report one specimen not assigned to any species from Huachamacary Tepui, only 25 km from the type locality of M. loveridgei. So far, all studied species of Myersiohyla have relatively large (2.8-3.2 mm), yolky ovarian eggs, a character state shared with several other frogs in Cophomantini (Hyloscirtus, Aplastodiscus, the Hypsiboas benitezi species group), and likely a plesiomorphic character state for the tribe. We report and illustrate the occurrence of a mental gland in some species of Myersiohyla and present a short discussion on odorous volatile secretions reported in some species of this genus. C1 [Faivovich, Julian] Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat CONICET, Div Herpetol, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool Herpetol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Faivovich, Julian] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Expt, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Mcdiarmid, Roy W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Myers, Charles W.] Amer Museum Nat History, Div Vertebrate Zool Herpetol, New York, NY USA. RP Faivovich, J (reprint author), Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat CONICET, Div Herpetol, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool Herpetol, Angel Gallardo 470,C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 105 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0082 EI 1937-352X J9 AM MUS NOVIT JI Am. Mus. Novit. PD DEC 20 PY 2013 IS 3792 BP 1 EP 63 PG 63 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA 281CK UT WOS:000329076900001 ER PT J AU La Peyre, MK Eberline, BS Soniat, TM La Peyre, JF AF La Peyre, Megan K. Eberline, Benjamin S. Soniat, Thomas M. La Peyre, Jerome F. TI Differences in extreme low salinity timing and duration differentially affect eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) size class growth and mortality in Breton Sound, LA SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE eastern oyster; salinity; Louisiana; Deepwater Horizon; freshwater diversion ID PERKINSUS-MARINUS INFECTION; DEFENSE-RELATED ACTIVITIES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; THAIS-HAEMASTOMA; APALACHICOLA BAY; AMERICAN OYSTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEED GROUNDS; POPULATION; GMELIN AB Understanding how different life history stages are impacted by extreme or stochastic environmental variation is critical for predicting and modeling organism population dynamics. This project examined recruitment, growth, and mortality of seed (25-75 mm) and market (>75 mm) sized oysters along a salinity gradient over two years in Breton Sound, LA. In April 2010, management responses to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in extreme low salinity (<5) at all sites through August 2010; in 2011, a 100-year Mississippi River flood event resulted in low salinity in late spring. Extended low salinity (<5) during hot summer months (>25 degrees C) significantly and negatively impacted oyster recruitment, survival and growth in 2010, while low salinity (<5) for a shorter period that did not extend into July (<25 degrees C) in 2011 had minimal impacts on oyster growth and mortality. In 2011, recruitment was limited, which may be due to a combination of low spring time salinities, high 2010 oyster mortality, minimal 2010 recruitment, cumulative effects from 10 years of declining oyster stock in the area, and poor cultch quality. In both 2010 and 2011, Perkinsus marinus infection prevalence remained low throughout the year at all sites and almost all infection intensities were light. Oyster plasma osmolality failed to match surrounding low salinity waters in 2010, while oysters appeared to osmoconform throughout 2011 indicating that the high mortality in 2010 may be due to extended valve closing and resulting starvation or asphyxiation in response to the combination of low salinity during high temperatures (>25 degrees C). With increasing management of our freshwater inputs to estuaries combined with predicted climate changes, how extreme events affect different life history stages is key to understanding variation in population demographics of commercially important species and predicting future populations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Eberline, Benjamin S.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, IA USA. [Soniat, Thomas M.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Soniat, Thomas M.] Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [La Peyre, Jerome F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Sea Grant FX This work was funded by Louisiana Sea Grant. We thank the many folks who helped with field work and processing of samples including Justin Leonhardt, Shea Miller, Gary Decossas, Steve Beck, Austin Humphries, Jessica Furlong, Lindsay Schwarting, Bran Wagner, Kris Brown, Abram DaSilva, Anna Catalanello, Nathan Yeldell. We thank Dr. John Supan for use of the oyster hatchery at Grand Isle. We thank Patrick Banks, Keith Ibos, Brian Lezina, and Gary Vitrano from Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Lane Simmons and Dave Walters from United States Geological Survey; Dr. Ken Brown and Dr. Sandra Casas for help with methods and project planning. Thanks to Brandt Lafrance for providing market size oysters. Comments from Dr. Jennifer Pollack and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved this manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 57 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD DEC 20 PY 2013 VL 135 BP 146 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.001 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 278EG UT WOS:000328871300016 ER PT J AU Rosenblatt, AE Heithaus, MR Mazzotti, FJ Cherkiss, M Jeffery, BM AF Rosenblatt, Adam E. Heithaus, Michael R. Mazzotti, Frank J. Cherkiss, Michael Jeffery, Brian M. TI Intra-population variation in activity ranges, diel patterns, movement rates, and habitat use of American alligators in a subtropical estuary SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Everglades; Global Positioning System; individual specialization; passive acoustic telemetry; top predator; tracking; behavioral types ID HOME-RANGE; CROCODYLUS-POROSUS; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; FLORIDA-EVERGLADES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; CROCODILES; ECOLOGY; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATORS AB Movement and habitat use patterns are fundamental components of the behaviors of mobile animals and help determine the scale and types of interactions they have with their environments. These behaviors are especially important to quantify for top predators because they can have strong effects on lower trophic levels as well as the wider ecosystem. Many studies of top predator movement and habitat use focus on general population level trends, which may overlook important intra-population variation in behaviors that now appear to be common. In an effort to better understand the prevalence of intra-population variation in top predator movement behaviors and the potential effects of such variation on ecosystem dynamics, we examined the movement and habitat use patterns of a population of adult American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in a subtropical estuary for nearly four years. We found that alligators exhibited divergent behaviors with respect to activity ranges, movement rates, and habitat use, and that individualized behaviors were stable over multiple years. We also found that the variations across the three behavioral metrics were correlated such that consistent behavioral types emerged, specifically more exploratory individuals and more sedentary individuals. Our study demonstrates that top predator populations can be characterized by high degrees of intra-population variation in terms of movement and habitat use behaviors that could lead to individuals filling different ecological roles in the same ecosystem. By extension, one-size-fits-all ecosystem and species-specific conservation and management strategies that do not account for potential intra-population variation in top predator behaviors may not produce the desired outcomes in all cases. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosenblatt, Adam E.; Heithaus, Michael R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Heithaus, Michael R.] Florida Int Univ, Sch Environm Arts & Soc, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Mazzotti, Frank J.; Jeffery, Brian M.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Cherkiss, Michael] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Rosenblatt, AE (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. EM arose007@fiu.edu; heithaus@fiu.edu; fjma@ufl.edu; mcherkiss@usgs.gov; Bjeffe01@ufl.edu RI Rosenblatt, Adam/J-1327-2014 OI Rosenblatt, Adam/0000-0002-5265-7720 FU University of Florida, Florida International University; United States Geological Survey; United States Army Corps of Engineers; Florida Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program (under National Science Foundation) [DBI-0620409] FX Funding for this research was provided by the University of Florida, Florida International University, the United States Geological Survey, the United States Army Corps of Engineers, and the Florida Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program (under National Science Foundation Grant No. DBI-0620409). We thank Everglades National Park (ENP), Andrew Fritz, Phil Matich, Katy Cameron, Ken Rice, Mat Denton, Matt Brien, jemeema Carrigan, Wellington Guzman, Aaron Wirsing, Derek Burkholder, and all the volunteers for field assistance. We also thank Rachel Decker, Meagan Dunphy-Daly, and Katy Cameron for their helpful comments on early drafts. All procedures were carried out under permits from ENP (# EVER-2007-SCI-0025 and # EVER-2008-SCI-0013), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (# WX02266), and from UF's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC; # D-943) and FIU's IACUC (# 07-020). References to non USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, expressed or implied, by the U.S. Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 41 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD DEC 20 PY 2013 VL 135 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.008 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 278EG UT WOS:000328871300019 ER PT J AU Lu, XH Jiang, H Zhang, XY Liu, JX Zhang, Z Jin, JX Wang, Y Xu, JH Cheng, MM AF Lu, Xuehe Jiang, Hong Zhang, Xiuying Liu, Jinxun Zhang, Zhen Jin, JiaXin Wang, Ying Xu, Jianhui Cheng, Miaomiao TI Estimated global nitrogen deposition using NO2 column density SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; DRY DEPOSITION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; UNITED-STATES; CHINA; SATELLITE; MODEL; SATURATION; TEMPERATE AB Global nitrogen deposition has increased over the past 100 years. Monitoring and simulation studies of nitrogen deposition have evaluated nitrogen deposition at both the global and regional scale. With the development of remote-sensing instruments, tropospheric NO2 column density retrieved from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) and Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) sensors now provides us with a new opportunity to understand changes in reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere. The concentration of NO2 in the atmosphere has a significant effect on atmospheric nitrogen deposition. According to the general nitrogen deposition calculation method, we use the principal component regression method to evaluate global nitrogen deposition based on global NO2 column density and meteorological data. From the accuracy of the simulation, about 70% of the land area of the Earth passed a significance test of regression. In addition, NO2 column density has a significant influence on regression results over 44% of global land. The simulated results show that global average nitrogen deposition was 0.34gm(-2) yr(-1) from 1996 to 2009 and is increasing at about 1% per year. Our simulated results show that China, Europe, and the USA are the three hotspots of nitrogen deposition according to previous research findings. In this study, Southern Asia was found to be another hotspot of nitrogen deposition (about 1.58gm(-2) yr(-1) and maintaining a high growth rate). As nitrogen deposition increases, the number of regions threatened by high nitrogen deposits is also increasing. With N emissions continuing to increase in the future, areas whose ecosystem is affected by high level nitrogen deposition will increase. C1 [Lu, Xuehe; Jiang, Hong; Zhang, Xiuying; Zhang, Zhen; Jin, JiaXin; Wang, Ying; Xu, Jianhui; Cheng, Miaomiao] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Hong] Zhejiang Agr & Forestry Univ, State Key Lab Subtrop Forest Sci, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Hong] Nanjing Univ, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Carbon Cycling Forest Ecosy, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jinxun] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jianghong_china@hotmail.com RI 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012 FU NSF China Major Programme [61190114, 41171324]; State Key Fundamental Science Funds of China [2011 CB302705, 2010CB950702, 2010CB428503]; Funds for PhD Education [20110091110028]; Fundamental Research Project of MOST [2005DKA32300]; Priority Academic Programme Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Zhejiang province key science and technology innovation team [2010R50030]; Open Foundation of Stake Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing [OFSLRSS201312] FX Funding support was provided by NSF China Major Programme (61190114 and 41171324), State Key Fundamental Science Funds of China (2011 CB302705, 2010CB950702, and 2010CB428503), Funds for PhD Education (20110091110028), Fundamental Research Project of MOST (2005DKA32300), Priority Academic Programme Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Zhejiang province key science and technology innovation team (2010R50030), and the Open Foundation of Stake Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing (OFSLRSS201312). NR 48 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 54 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC 20 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 24 BP 8893 EP 8906 DI 10.1080/01431161.2013.853894 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 255KE UT WOS:000327237000015 ER PT J AU Zhou, DC Liu, SG Oeding, J Zhao, SQ AF Zhou, Decheng Liu, Shuguang Oeding, Jennifer Zhao, Shuqing TI Forest cutting and impacts on carbon in the eastern United States SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID US FORESTS; SINK; ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERE; STORAGE; STOCKS; FLUX AB Forest cutting is a major anthropogenic disturbance that affects forest carbon (C) storage and fluxes. Yet its characteristics and impacts on C cycling are poorly understood over large areas. Using recent annualized forest inventory data, we estimated cutting-related loss of live biomass in the eastern United States was 168 Tg C yr(-1) from 2002 to 2010 (with C loss per unit forest area of 1.07 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)), which is equivalent to 70% of the total U. S. forest C sink or 11% of the national annual CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion over the same period. We further revealed that specific cutting-related C loss varied with cutting intensities, forest types, stand ages, and geographic locations. Our results provide new insights to the characteristics of forest harvesting activities in the eastern United States and highlight the significance of partial cutting to regional and national carbon budgets. C1 [Zhou, Decheng; Zhao, Shuqing] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Decheng; Zhao, Shuqing] Peking Univ, Key Lab Earth Surface Processes, Minist Educ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Oeding, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhao, SQ (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM sqzhao@urban.pku.edu.cn FU U.S. Geological Survey's Land Carbon Project under the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM); National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change [2010CB50600]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41071050, 31021001] FX This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Land Carbon Project under the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM), the National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change (#2010CB50600), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#41071050 and #31021001). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 19 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 3547 DI 10.1038/srep03547 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 274RG UT WOS:000328623200001 PM 24352590 ER PT J AU Loughman, ZJ Fagundo, RA Lau, E Welsh, SA Thoma, RF AF Loughman, Zachary J. Fagundo, Raquel A. Lau, Evan Welsh, Stuart A. Thoma, Roger F. TI Cambarus (C.) hatfieldi, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Tug Fork River Basin of Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia, USA SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Crayfish; Cambarus; Kentucky; Virginia; West Virginia; Tug Fork River; Appalachian Mountains ID GENUS CAMBARUS; CONSERVATION AB Cambarus (Cambarus) hatfieldi is a stream-dwelling crayfish that appears to be endemic to the Tug Fork River system of West Virginia, Virginia, and Kentucky. Within this region, it is prevalent in all major tributaries in the basin as well as the Tug Fork River's mainstem. The new species is morphologically most similar to Cambarus sciotensis and Cambarus angularis. It can be differentiated from C. sciotensis by its squamous, subtrinagular chelae compared to the elongate triangular chelae of C. sciotensis; its shorter palm length/palm depth ratio (1.9) compared to C. sciotensis (2.3); and a smaller areola length/total carapace length ratio (30.4% vs. 36.5% respectively). Cambarus hatfieldi can be differentiated from C. angularis by its smaller areola length/total carapace length ratio (30.4% vs. 36.7% respectively); a smaller rostrum width/rostral length ratio (59.4% vs. 67.2% respectively); its rounded abdominal pleura as compared to the subtruncated pleura of C. angularis; the length of the central projection and mesial process of C. hatfieldi which both extend to the margin of the gonopod shaft or slightly beyond the margin compared to the central projection of C. sciotensis and C. angularis where both extend well beyond the margin of the gonopod shaft. C1 [Loughman, Zachary J.; Fagundo, Raquel A.; Welsh, Stuart A.] West Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, West Liberty, WV 26074 USA. [Lau, Evan] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Thoma, Roger F.] Midwest Biodivers Inst, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. RP Loughman, ZJ (reprint author), West Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, POB 295, West Liberty, WV 26074 USA. EM zloughman@westliberty.edu; rfagundo@westliberty.edu; evan.lau@westliberty.edu; swelsh@mail.wvu.edu; cambarus1@mac.com FU West Liberty University Faculty Development grant program; State Wildlife Grant program; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Section, Wildlife Diversity Program FX We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions improved the overall quality of the manuscript and to David Foltz, Nicole Garrison, Evan Hewitt, Kyle McGill, Matthew McKinney, and Christopher Vopal who assisted with collection of the West Virginia material. Special thanks are extended to E. Joseph Nolan IV whose creation and management of the West Liberty University Astacology database expedited the writing of this manuscript. Financial support was provided by the West Liberty University Faculty Development grant program, federal funding through the State Wildlife Grant program administered by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, and a Cooperative Research, Education, and Management Grant from the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Section, Wildlife Diversity Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 19 PY 2013 VL 3750 IS 3 BP 223 EP 236 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 274KV UT WOS:000328606100003 PM 25113694 ER PT J AU Fabisch, M Beulig, F Akob, DM Kusel, K AF Fabisch, Maria Beulig, Felix Akob, Denise M. Kuesel, Kirsten TI Surprising abundance of Gallionella-related iron oxidizers in creek sedimentsat pH 4.4 or at high heavy metal concentrations SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid mine drainage; slightly acidic; metal tolerance; microbial ecology; bacterial community structure; Gallionella spp.; Sideroxydans spp. ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FERMENTANS GEN. NOV.; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REDUCING BACTERIA; FERROUS IRON; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; THIOBACILLUS-ACIDOPHILUS; NATURAL ATTENUATION AB We identified and quantified abundant iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) at three iron-rich, metal-contaminated creek sites with increasing sediment pH from extremely acidic (R1, pH 2.7), to moderately acidic (R2, pH 4.4), to slightly acidic (R3, pH 6.3) in a former uranium-mining district. The geochemical parameters showed little variations over the 1.5 year study period. The highest metal concentrations found in creek sediments always coincided with the lowest metal concentrations in creek water at the slightly acidic site R3. Sequential extractions of R3 sediment revealed large portions of heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, U) bound to the iron oxide fraction. Light microscopy of glass slides exposed in creeks detected twisted stalks characteristic of microaerobic FeOB of the family Gallionellaceae at R3 but also at the acidic site R2. Sequences related to FeOB such as Gallionella ferruginea, Sideroxydans sp. CL21, Ferritrophicum radicicola, and Acidovorax sp. BrG1 were identified in the sediments. The highest fraction of clone sequences similar to the acidophilic "Ferrovum myxofaciens" was detected in R1. Quantitative PCR using primer sets specific for Gallionella spp., Sideroxydans spp., and "Ferrovum myxofaciens" revealed that similar to 72% (R2 sediment) and 37% (R3 sediment) of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies could be assigned to groups of FeOB with dominance of microaerobic Gallionella spp. at both sites. Gallionella spp. had similar and very high absolute and relative gene copy numbers in both sediment communities. Thus, Gallionella-like organisms appear to exhibit a greater acid and metal tolerance than shown before. Microaerobic Fe0B from R3 creek sediment enriched in newly developed metal gradient tubes tolerated metal concentrations of 35 mM Co, 24 mM Ni, and 1.3 mM Cd, higher than those in sediments. Our results will extend the limited knowledge of FeOB at contaminated, moderately to slightly acidic environments. C1 [Fabisch, Maria; Beulig, Felix; Akob, Denise M.; Kuesel, Kirsten] Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Aquat Geomicrobiol Grp, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Akob, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Kusel, K (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Aquat Geomicrobiol Grp, Dornburger Str 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM kirsten.kuesel@uni-jena.de OI Akob, Denise/0000-0003-1534-3025 FU graduate research training group "Alteration and element mobility at the microbemineral interface" (GRK 1257), which is part of the Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) FX This project was supported by the graduate research training group "Alteration and element mobility at the microbemineral interface" (GRK 1257), which is part of the Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC) and funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The authors thank Steffi Rothhardt, Gina Freyer and Andreas Fischer for technical assistance; Maren Sickinger for performing the qPCR measurements; Shipeng Lu, Juanjuan Wang, and Martina Herrmann for providing assistance with Sideroxydans qPCR and helpful discussions; as well as Bertram Schmidt for help with light microscopy. We thank Dirk Merten and Georg Buchel for sequential extraction and ICP measurements, Karin Pfeiffer and Kai-Uwe Totsche for freeze drying of sediment samples, Beate Michalzik and Susanne Richter for creek water DOC analysis, and Ingo Schoning and Tim Walter for creek sediment TC/IC analysis. NR 107 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 33 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD DEC 18 PY 2013 VL 4 AR 390 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00390 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AB1LX UT WOS:000331554400001 PM 24385973 ER PT J AU Harris, G Farley, S Russell, GJ Butler, MJ Selinger, J AF Harris, Grant Farley, Sean Russell, Gareth J. Butler, Matthew J. Selinger, Jeff TI Sampling designs matching species biology produce accurate and affordable abundance indices SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Brown bear; Capture heterogeneity; Capture rate; Grid sampling; Grizzly bear; MARK; Population; Sampling; Ursus arctos AB Wildlife biologists often use grid-based designs to sample animals and generate abundance estimates. Although sampling in grids is theoretically sound, in application, the method can be logistically difficult and expensive when sampling elusive species inhabiting extensive areas. These factors make it challenging to sample animals and meet the statistical assumption of all individuals having an equal probability of capture. Violating this assumption biases results. Does an alternative exist? Perhaps by sampling only where resources attract animals (i.e., targeted sampling), it would provide accurate abundance estimates more efficiently and affordably. However, biases from this approach would also arise if individuals have an unequal probability of capture, especially if some failed to visit the sampling area. Since most biological programs are resource limited, and acquiring abundance data drives many conservation and management applications, it becomes imperative to identify economical and informative sampling designs. Therefore, we evaluated abundance estimates generated from grid and targeted sampling designs using simulations based on geographic positioning system(GPS) data from 42 Alaskan brown bears (Ursus arctos). Migratory salmon drew brown bears from the wider landscape, concentrating them at anadromous streams. This provided a scenario for testing the targeted approach. Grid and targeted sampling varied by trap amount, location (traps placed randomly, systematically or by expert opinion), and traps stationary or moved between capture sessions. We began by identifying when to sample, and if bears had equal probability of capture. We compared abundance estimates against seven criteria: bias, precision, accuracy, effort, plus encounter rates, and probabilities of capture and recapture. One grid (49 km(2) cells) and one targeted configuration provided the most accurate results. Both placed traps by expert opinion and moved traps between capture sessions, which raised capture probabilities. The grid design was least biased (-10.5%), but imprecise (CV 21.2%), and used most effort (16,100 trap-nights). The targeted configuration was more biased (-17.3%), but most precise (CV 12.3%), with least effort (7,000 trap-nights). Targeted sampling generated encounter rates four times higher, and capture and recapture probabilities 11% and 60% higher than grid sampling, in a sampling frame 88% smaller. Bears had unequal probability of capture with both sampling designs, partly because some bears never had traps available to sample them. Hence, grid and targeted sampling generated abundance indices, not estimates. Overall, targeted sampling provided the most accurate and affordable design to index abundance. Targeted sampling may offer an alternative method to index the abundance of other species inhabiting expansive and inaccessible landscapes elsewhere, provided their attraction to resource concentrations. C1 [Harris, Grant; Butler, Matthew J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Farley, Sean] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Russell, Gareth J.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Selinger, Jeff] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Soldotna, AK USA. RP Harris, G (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM grant_harris@fws.gov FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; USDA Forest Service; National Park Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the USDA Forest Service, National Park Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided logistical and financial backing. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD DEC 17 PY 2013 VL 1 AR e227 DI 10.7717/peerj.227 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36CY UT WOS:000209192100002 PM 24392290 ER PT J AU Burgess, EW Larsen, CF Forster, RR AF Burgess, Evan W. Larsen, Christopher F. Forster, Richard R. TI Summer melt regulates winter glacier flow speeds throughout Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mountain glaciers; ice dynamics; subglacial hydrology; winter; Alaska; offset tracking ID SUBGLACIAL WATER-PRESSURE; FREE-SURFACE FLOW; MASS-BALANCE; FINDELENGLETSCHER; SWITZERLAND; FLOTATION; GREENLAND; MECHANISM; VELOCITY; DRAINAGE AB Predicting how climate change will affect glacier and ice sheet flow speeds remains a large hurdle toward accurate sea level rise forecasting. Increases in surface melt rates are known to accelerate glacier flow in summer, whereas in winter, flow speeds are believed to be relatively invariant. Here we show that wintertime flow speeds on nearly all major glaciers throughout Alaska are not only variable but are inversely related to melt from preceding summers. For each additional meter of summertime melt, we observe an 11% decrease in wintertime velocity on glaciers of all sizes, geometries, climates, and bed types. This dynamic occurs because interannual differences in summertime melt affect how much water is retained in the subglacial system during winter. The ubiquity of the dynamic indicates it occurs globally on glaciers and ice sheets not frozen to their beds and thus constitutes a new mechanism affecting sea level rise projections. C1 [Burgess, Evan W.; Larsen, Christopher F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Burgess, Evan W.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Forster, Richard R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Burgess, EW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM evanburgess@gi.alaska.edu FU NASA Earth Science Space Fellowship; NASA [NNX13AD52A, NNX08AP27G, NNX08AX88G]; NASA's Operation Ice Bridge grant [NASA NNX13AD52A] FX Thanks to Shad O'Neel for edits and Neil Lareau for advice on temperature downscaling. E. Burgess was funded under the NASA Earth Science Space Fellowship and NASA NNX13AD52A. R. Forster and velocity tracking were funded by NASA grants NNX08AP27G and NNX08AX88G. C. Larsen and E. Burgess were supported by NASA's Operation Ice Bridge grant NASA NNX13AD52A. The Alaska Satellite Facility provided ALOS data. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 23 BP 6160 EP 6164 DI 10.1002/2013GL058228 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 282AH UT WOS:000329141900027 ER PT J AU Limburg, KE Hayden, TA Pine, WE Yard, MD Kozdon, R Valley, JW AF Limburg, Karin E. Hayden, Todd A. Pine, William E., III Yard, Michael D. Kozdon, Reinhard Valley, John W. TI Of Travertine and Time: Otolith Chemistry and Microstructure Detect Provenance and Demography of Endangered Humpback Chub in Grand Canyon, USA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; COLORADO RIVER; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; ION MICROPROBE; GILA-CYPHA; FISH; ARIZONA; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; DELTA-C-13 AB We developed a geochemical atlas of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon and in its tributary, the Little Colorado River, and used it to identify provenance and habitat use by Federally Endangered humpback chub, Gila cypha. Carbon stable isotope ratios (delta C-13) discriminate best between the two rivers, but fine scale analysis in otoliths requires rare, expensive instrumentation. We therefore correlated other tracers (SrSr, Ba, and Se in ratio to Ca) to delta C-13 that are easier to quantify in otoliths with other microchemical techniques. Although the Little Colorado River's water chemistry varies with major storm events, at base flow or near base flow (conditions occurring 84% of the time in our study) its chemistry differs sufficiently from the mainstem to discriminate one from the other. Additionally, when fish egress from the natal Little Colorado River to the mainstem, they encounter cold water which causes the otolith daily growth increments to decrease in size markedly. Combining otolith growth increment analysis and microchemistry permitted estimation of size and age at first egress; size at first birthday was also estimated. Emigrants < 1 year old averaged 51.2 +/- 4.4 (SE) days and 35.5 +/- 3.6 mm at egress; older fish that had recruited to the population averaged 100 +/- 7.8 days old and 51.0 +/- 2.2 mm at egress, suggesting that larger, older emigrants recruit better. Back-calculated size at age 1 was unimodal and large (78.2 +/- 3.3 mm) in Little Colorado caught fish but was bimodally distributed in Colorado mainstem caught fish (49.9 +/- 3.6 and 79 +/- 4.9 mm) suggesting that humpback chub can also rear in the mainstem. The study demonstrates the coupled usage of the two rivers by this fish and highlights the need to consider both rivers when making management decisions for humpback chub recovery. C1 [Limburg, Karin E.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Hayden, Todd A.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Pine, William E., III] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Yard, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Kozdon, Reinhard; Valley, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI USA. RP Limburg, KE (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM klimburg@esf.edu RI Kozdon, Reinhard/J-9468-2014; Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Kozdon, Reinhard/0000-0001-6347-456X; Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 FU United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBOR); National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences [DMR-0936384]; WiscSIMS [NSF-EAR 1053466] FX This project was funded by the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBOR) through a cooperative agreement to the University of Florida as part of the Near Shore Ecology Project. This work is based in part upon research conducted at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences under NSF award DMR-0936384. WiscSIMS is partly supported by NSF-EAR 1053466. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 16 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 12 AR e84235 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084235 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 276GD UT WOS:000328735700157 PM 24358346 ER PT J AU Wiggers, MS Kirkman, LK Boyd, RS Hiers, JK AF Wiggers, M. Scott Kirkman, L. Katherine Boyd, Robert S. Hiers, J. Kevin TI Fine-scale variation in surface fire environment and legume germination in the longleaf pine ecosystem SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fuel heterogeneity; Fine-scale fire heterogeneity; Legumes; Germination; Seed survival; Recruitment microsite ID BURNING CHARACTERISTICS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPECIES-RICHNESS; XERIC SANDHILLS; FOREST-FIRES; FUEL LOAD; BEHAVIOR; NICHE; CONES; HEAT AB Fine-scale heterogeneity in fuels influences fire behavior and, in turn, may influence patterns of plant recruitment and regeneration from soil seed banks. In particular, hard-seeded species, such as many members of the plant family Fabaceae, may experience differential germination and mortality rates as a result of heterogeneous fire intensities mediated by variable distribution of fine and coarse fuels. Post-fire germination was examined for nine legume species native to longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) stands of the southeastern United States in response to fuel variation using a paired laboratory and field study. For both studies, fine fuel loads (longleaf pine needles) and coarse fuels (longleaf pine cones) were manipulated. Germination of seven species was assessed for four months in the field following experimental burns of small plots. Germination and mortality were assessed for six species after exposure to experimental laboratory fires. Burning reduced germination compared to unburned controls in both studies. Furthermore, legumes exposed to burning pine cones experienced greater reductions in germination than when exposed to burning pine needles alone. Manipulation of fine fuel loads did not affect germination in either study. Results suggest that small pieces of coarse woody debris are responsible for differential germination following fire, rather than variation in fine fuels. We present a conceptual model of fine-scale fire effects to explain how long-duration smoldering creates localized mortality events that may drive variation in recruitment from the soil seed bank for longleaf pine ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wiggers, M. Scott; Boyd, Robert S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Wiggers, M. Scott; Kirkman, L. Katherine] JW Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] Eglin Air Force Base Nat Resources, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. RP Wiggers, MS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mississippi Field Off, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. EM marion_wiggers@fws.gov FU Auburn University's Department of Biological Sciences; J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center FX We thank the staff and students of Ichauway for advice and comments, technical expertise, and field assistance including R.A. Mitchell, D.H. Gjerstad, L.M. Conner, M. Kaeser, J. McGee, L. Cox, L. Gienke, M. Greene, C. McKernan, C. Steele, S. Stuber, and many others. Auburn University's Department of Biological Sciences and J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center provided funding and logistical assistance throughout the project. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 310 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.030 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 302JO UT WOS:000330601000007 ER PT J AU Yegorova, S Betts, MG Hagar, J Puettmann, KJ AF Yegorova, Svetlana Betts, Matthew G. Hagar, Joan Puettmann, Klaus J. TI Bird-vegetation associations in thinned and unthinned young Douglas-fir forests 10 years after thinning SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bird-vegetation associations; Young Douglas-fir forests; Forest thinning; Disturbance; Response variability; Long-term experiment ID OREGON COAST RANGE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SHRUBSTEPPE BIRDS; THRESHOLDS; DENSITY; CONSERVATION; CASCADES; ECOLOGY; MODELS; INFORMATION AB Quantitative associations between animals and vegetation have long been used as a basis for conservation and management, as well as in formulating predictions about the influence of resource management and climate change on populations. A fundamental assumption embedded in the use of such correlations is that they remain relatively consistent over time. However, this assumption of stationarity has been rarely tested - even for forest birds, which are frequently considered to be 'indicator species' in management operations. We investigated the temporal dynamics of bird-vegetation relationships in young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests over more than a decade following initial anthropogenic disturbance (commercial thinning). We modeled bird occurrence or abundance as a function of vegetation characteristics for eight common bird species for each of six breeding seasons following forest thinning. Generally, vegetation relationships were highly inconsistent in magnitude across years, but remained positive or negative within species. For 3 species, relationships that were initially strong dampened over time. For other species, strength of vegetation association was apparently stochastic. These findings indicate that caution should be used when interpreting weak bird-vegetation relationships found in short-term studies and parameterizing predictive models with data collected over the short term. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yegorova, Svetlana; Betts, Matthew G.; Puettmann, Klaus J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hagar, Joan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yegorova, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM svetlana.yegorova@gmail.com; matthew.betts@oregonstate.edu; joan_hagar@usgs.gov; klaus.puettmann@oregonstate.edu FU Willamette National Forest and Oregon State University; Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; Richardson Family Fellowship; Kathy Bacon Fellowship; United States Department of Agriculture Food and Research Initiative [AFRI-2009-04457] FX Funding support for this study was provided by the Willamette National Forest and Oregon State University, the Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Richardson Family and Kathy Bacon Fellowships and by a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture Food and Research Initiative (AFRI-2009-04457) to M.G. Betts. We thank two anonymous reviewers and C. Phillips of USGS for providing suggestions to improve the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 310 BP 1057 EP 1070 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.052 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 302JO UT WOS:000330601000109 ER PT J AU Cohen, AS Van Bocxlaer, B Todd, JA McGlue, M Michel, E Nkotagu, HH Grove, AT Delvaux, D AF Cohen, Andrew S. Van Bocxlaer, Bert Todd, Jonathan A. McGlue, Michael Michel, Ellinor Nkotagu, Hudson H. Grove, A. T. Delvaux, Damien TI Quaternary ostracodes and molluscs from the Rukwa Basin (Tanzania) and their evolutionary and paleobiogeographic implications SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lake Rukwa; Lake Tanganyika; Paleolimnology; Freshwater biogeography; Ostracode; Mollusc ID ANTHROPOGENIC ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; LAKE TANGANYIKA; PALEOLIMNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS; GASTROPOD ASSEMBLAGE; CICHLID FISHES; EAST-AFRICA; SW TANZANIA; RIFT BASIN; MALAWI; RECORD AB Much of the spectacular biodiversity of the African Great Lakes is endemic to single lake basins so that the margins of these basins or their lakes coincide with biogeographic boundaries. Longstanding debate surrounds the evolution of these endemic species, the stability of bioprovinces, and the exchange of faunas between them over geologic time as the rift developed. Because these debates are currently unsettled, we are uncertain of how much existing distribution patterns are determined by modern hydrological barriers versus reflecting past histoty. This study reports on late Quaternary fossils from the Rukwa Basin and integrates geological and paleoecological data to explore faunal exchange between freshwater bioprovinces, in particular with Lake Tanganyika. Lake Rukwa's water level showed large fluctuations over the last 25 ky, and for most of this period the lake contained large habitat diversity, with different species assemblages and taphonomic controls along its northern and southern shores. Comparison of fossil and modem invertebrate assemblages suggests faunal persistence through the Last Glacial Maximum, but with an extirpation event that occurred in the last 5 ky. Some of the molluscs and ostracodes studied here are closely related to taxa (or part of clades) that are currently endemic to Lake Tanganyika, but others testify to wider and perhaps older faunal exchanges between the Rukwa bioprovince and those of Lake Malawi and the Upper Congo (in particular Lake Mweru). The Rukwa Basin has a long history of rifting and lacustrine conditions and, at least temporarily, its ecosystems appear to have functioned as satellites to Lake Tanganyika in which intralacustrine speciation occurred. Paleontological studies of the Rukwa faunas are particularly relevant because of the basin's important role in the late Cenozoic biogeography of tropical Africa, and because many of the molecular traces potentially revealing this history would have been erased in the late Holocene extirpation. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cohen, Andrew S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Van Bocxlaer, Bert] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Van Bocxlaer, Bert] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Todd, Jonathan A.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Earth Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [McGlue, Michael] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Michel, Ellinor] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Nkotagu, Hudson H.] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Dept Geol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Grove, A. T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Delvaux, Damien] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Geodynam & Mineral Resources Unit, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Delvaux, Damien] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geosci, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Cohen, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cohen@email.arizona.edu; vanbocxlaerb@si.edu; j.todd@nhm.ac.uk; mmcglue@usgs.gov; e.michel@nhm.ac.uk; hudson@udsm.ac.tz; atg1@cam.ac.uk; Damien.delvaux.de.fenffe@africamuseum.be RI McGlue, Michael/C-9752-2014; Van Bocxlaer, Bert/N-1965-2016; OI Van Bocxlaer, Bert/0000-0003-2033-326X; Todd, Jonathan/0000-0002-0433-1611 FU National Science Foundation; Nyanza Project [NSF-ATM0223920]; Flanders Research Foundation; Belgian American Educational Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; Belgian Science Policy (Action 1 program) FX We thank the National Science Foundation and the Nyanza Project for the support to AC, JT and EM for this research (NSF-ATM0223920). Support to BVB was provided by the Flanders Research Foundation, a Fellowship from the Belgian American Educational Foundation and a Peter-Buck Fellowship of the Smithsonian Institution. Field work support for JT was provided by the Natural History Museum, London.; Support to DD was provided by the Belgian Science Policy (Action 1 program). We thank the Tanzanian Council for Science and Technology (COSTECH) and the Tanzania National Park authority (TANAPA) for the permission to conduct this research. We thank Head Warden Nicholas Kisambuka, the Katavi National Park management, Warden Msemo, and especially Britta Meyer for their hospitality and assistance during our field work. We thank F. Kervyn for providing some of the radiocarbon data presented in this paper. Ben Rowson (National Museum of Wales, Cardiff) kindly identified land snail specimens. We thank Jeff Pigati (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers for their many helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 75 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 392 BP 79 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.09.007 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 300UB UT WOS:000330488400008 ER PT J AU McCann, LD Holzer, KK Davidson, IC Ashton, GV Chapman, MD Ruiz, GM AF McCann, Linda D. Holzer, Kimberly K. Davidson, Ian C. Ashton, Gail V. Chapman, Marnie D. Ruiz, Gregory M. TI Promoting invasive species control and eradication in the sea: Options for managing the tunicate invader Didemnum vexillum in Sitka, Alaska SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Biological invasion; Didemnum vexillum; Eradication; Invasive species management; Mortality experiment; Biofouling ID SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE; MARINE BIOINVASIONS; UNDARIA-PINNATIFIDA; NORTH-AMERICA; CALIFORNIA; EFFICACY; SCALLOP; PEST AB Bioinvasions are a significant force of change - and economic and ecological threat - in marine ecosystems. The threat now encroaches on Alaska, which has had relatively few invasions compared to other global regions, prompting need to develop new incursion response tools. We appraised five 'eco-friendly' immersion treatment options (dilute acetic acid, dilute bleach, freshwater, brine and hypoxia) at either minute- or hour-scale exposures to kill the invasive tunicate Didemnum vexillum. Data revealed 100% treatment efficacy after two minutes in acetic acid, ten minutes in bleach, four hours in freshwater and over four hours in brine solution. We also demonstrated the importance of monitoring D. vexillum recovery for at least three weeks, since seemingly destroyed colonies rebounded during this timeframe. Combined, these findings provide insights towards a bay-scale eradication and post-border management plan applicable to the recent D. vexillum incursion in Whiting Harbor, Alaska and other shallow, inshore invasion sites. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McCann, Linda D.; Ashton, Gail V.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Holzer, Kimberly K.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Holzer, Kimberly K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Branch Aquat Invas Species, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Davidson, Ian C.] Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Davidson, Ian C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Chapman, Marnie D.] Univ Alaska, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. RP Holzer, KK (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM holzerk@si.edu OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X; Davidson, Ian/0000-0002-8729-6048; Holzer, Kimberly/0000-0002-3582-0880 FU NOAA [NA11OAR4170005, NA10OAR4170097, R/103-01] FX The authors thank C. Hisaoka, K. Larson, P. Norwood and J. Shaw for help with fieldwork. We are grateful to AmeriCorps volunteers for valuable assistance with monitoring throughout the summer. T. Davis of the ADFG offered beneficial input during project planning. Thank you also to our captains: G. Miller of and the Sitka Sound Science Center, M. Morris, D. DeGrazio and T. DeGrazio of the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, S. Vincent of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), P. Fowler and T. Tydingco of ADFG, and A. Bean of the Sitka Tribe of Alaska for use of their boats. Colleagues J. Carney, A. Chang and W. Miller provided constructive comments on the manuscript. This publication is based on research supported by NOAA award NA11OAR4170005 to Virginia Sea Grant (K. Holzer Knauss Fellowship) and NA10OAR4170097 to Alaska Sea Grant (project no. R/103-01). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.011 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 292FW UT WOS:000329888600033 PM 24449921 ER PT J AU Abramov, O Rathbun, JA Schmidt, BE Spencer, JR AF Abramov, Oleg Rathbun, Julie A. Schmidt, Britney E. Spencer, John R. TI Detectability of thermal signatures associated with active formation of 'chaos terrain' on Europa SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Europa; chaos; endogenic heat; thermal modeling; thermal mapping; spacecraft instruments ID ICE SHELL; SUBSURFACE OCEAN; GALILEAN SATELLITES; GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; TECTONIC PROCESSES; WATER; CONVECTION; ANOMALIES; FEATURES AB A recent study by Schmidt et al. (2011) suggests that Thera Macula, one of the "chaos regions" on Europa, may be actively forming over a large liquid water lens. Such a process could conceivably produce a thermal anomaly detectable by a future Europa orbiter or flyby mission, allowing for a direct verification of this finding. Here, we present a set of models that quantitatively assess the surface and subsurface temperatures associated with an actively resurfacing chaos region using constraints from Thera Macula. The results of this numerical study suggest that the surface temperature over an active chaos region can be as high as similar to 200 K. However, low-resolution Galileo Photo-Polarimeter Radiometer (PPR) observations indicate temperatures below 120 K over Thera Macula. This suggests that Thera Macula is not currently active unless an insulating layer of at least a few centimeters in thickness is present, or activity is confined to small regions, reducing the overall intensity of the thermal signature. Alternatively, Thera may have been cooling for at least 10-100 yr and still contain a subsurface lake, which can take similar to 300,000 yr to crystallize. According to the present study, a more sensitive instrument capable of detecting anomalies similar to 5 K above ambient could detect activity at Thera Macula even if an insulating layer of similar to 50 cm is present. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Abramov, Oleg] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rathbun, Julie A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Schmidt, Britney E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30312 USA. [Spencer, John R.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Abramov, O (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM oabramov@usgs.gov; julie_rathbun@redlands.edu; britneys@ig.utexas.edu; spencer@boulder.swri.edu OI Schmidt, Britney/0000-0001-7376-8510 FU NASA Cassini Data Analysis Program under IAT [NNH13AV61I] FX The authors thank Catherine Neish and an anonymous reviewer for fair, thorough, and constructive reviews of this manuscript. O.A. gratefully acknowledges support from the NASA Cassini Data Analysis Program under IAT # NNH13AV61I. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 384 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.027 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 277FM UT WOS:000328804400004 ER PT J AU Kilinc, M Beringer, J Hutley, LB Tapper, NJ McGuire, DA AF Kilinc, Musa Beringer, Jason Hutley, Lindsay B. Tapper, Nigel J. McGuire, David A. TI Carbon and water exchange of the world's tallest angiosperm forest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Old growth forest; Carbon flux; Water flux; Eddy flux; Succession ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; REGNANS F MUELL; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; WALLABY CREEK; PINE FOREST; ASH FOREST; STAND AGE; FLUX AB Old growth forests have traditionally been viewed as an insignificant sink or source in the global carbon cycle and therefore, flux tower studies of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and evapotranspiration (LE) using flux measurements in these ecosystems are limited. Here we report eddy covariance (EC) fluxes of carbon dioxide and water above and below the canopy of an old growth Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forest over an 18 month period. Mountain Ash species are the world's tallest angiosperm and recognized as the most carbon-dense forests, which potentially makes them an important component of the terrestrial carbon and water budgets in Australia. Results showed that for 2006, the ecosystem was a large net sink of carbon of 377+/-49 g C m(-2) year(-1). Throughout the study period, daytime Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) was limited mainly by radiation, but there were important secondary drivers regulating carbon uptake, especially in summer, when atmospheric and soil water deficits were high. The highest rates of NEE occurred during spring, when the ecosystem was not limited by radiation or moisture, and the lowest rates were observed during autumn and winter. In 2006, GPP for the ecosystem was 2615 g C m(-2) year(-1), and ecosystem respiration (Re) was 2238 g C m(-2) year(-1). During the summer and autumn of 2006, the understorey fluxes accounted for 29% of ecosystem GPP, 33% of evapotranspiration, and 53% of night time Re, a significant proportion of carbon dioxide and water exchange given that the understorey biomass is only one tenth of the ecosystem biomass. Results from this study highlighted the importance of the understorey vegetation in regulating old growth forest carbon and water balances, which has important implications for forest management practices. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kilinc, Musa; Beringer, Jason; Tapper, Nigel J.] Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Hutley, Lindsay B.] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [McGuire, David A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Beringer, J (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. EM Jason.Beringer@monash.edu RI Hutley, Lindsay/A-7925-2011; Beringer, Jason/B-8528-2008 OI Hutley, Lindsay/0000-0001-5533-9886; Beringer, Jason/0000-0002-4619-8361 FU ARC [DP0451247, FT110100602] FX This research was supported by funding from an ARC discovery grant DP0451247. Prof. Jason Beringer was supported by an ARC Future Fellowship FT110100602. The authors would like to also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 182 SI SI BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.003 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 252JE UT WOS:000327000200022 ER PT J AU Farkas, J Chrastny, V Novak, M Cadkova, E Pasava, J Chakrabarti, R Jacobsen, SB Ackerman, L Bullen, TD AF Farkas, Juraj Chrastny, Vladislav Novak, Martin Cadkova, Eva Pasava, Jan Chakrabarti, Ramananda Jacobsen, Stein B. Ackerman, Lukas Bullen, Thomas D. TI Chromium isotope variations (delta Cr-53/52) in mantle-derived sources and their weathering products: Implications for environmental studies and the evolution of delta Cr-53/52 in the Earth's mantle over geologic time SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CR STABLE-ISOTOPES; BOHEMIAN MASSIF; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; MOJAVE DESERT; FRACTIONATION; REDUCTION; DEPOSITS; EVENT; SERPENTINIZATION AB Here we report chromium isotope compositions, expressed as delta Cr-53/ 52 in per mil (&) relative to NIST 979, measured in selected Cr-rich minerals and rocks formed by the primary magmatic as well as the secondary metamorphic and weathering processes. The main objectives of this study were: (i) to further constrain the isotope composition of the Earth's mantle Cr inventory and its possible variation during geological history, based on the analysis of globally distributed and stratigraphically constrained mantle-derived chromites; and (ii) to investigate the magnitude and systematics of Cr isotope fractionation during oxidative weathering and secondary alteration (i. e., hydration, serpentinization) of the magmatic Cr sources. Specifically, we analyzed delta Cr-53/ 52 in a set of globally distributed mantle-derived chromites (FeMgCr2O4, n = 30) collected from various locations in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America, and our results confirm that a chromite-hosted Earth's mantle Cr inventory is uniform at - 0.079 +/- 0.129& (2SD), which we named here as a ` canonical' mantle d 53/ 52 Cr signature. Furthermore our dataset of stratigraphically constrained chromites, whose crystallization ages cover most of the Earth's geological history, indicate that the bulk Cr isotope composition of the chromite-hosted mantle inventory has remained uniform, within about +/- 0.100&, since at least the Early Archean times (similar to 3500 million years ago, Ma). To investigate the systematics of Cr isotope fractionation associated with alteration processes we analyzed a number of secondary Cr-rich minerals and variably altered ultramafic rocks (i. e., serpentinized harzburgites, lherzolites) that revealed large positive delta Cr-53/ 52 anomalies that are systematically shifted to higher values with an increasing degree of alteration and serpentinization. The degree of aqueous alteration and serpentinization was quantified by the abundances of fluid-mobile (Rb, K) elements, and by the Loss On Ignition (LOI) parameter, which determines the amount of structurally bound water (OH/ H2O) present in secondary hydrated minerals like serpentine. Overall, we observed that altered ultramafic rocks that yielded the highest LOI values, and the lowest amounts of fluid mobile elements, also yielded the heaviest delta Cr-53/ 52 signatures. Therefore, we conclude that secondary alteration (i.e., hydration, serpentinization) of ultramafic rocks in near-surface oxidative environments tend to shift the bulk Cr isotope composition of the weathered products to isotopically heavier values, pointing to a dynamic redox cycling of Cr in the Earth's crustal and near-surface environments. Hence, if validated by future C1 [Farkas, Juraj; Chrastny, Vladislav; Novak, Martin; Cadkova, Eva; Pasava, Jan; Ackerman, Lukas] Czech Geol Survey, Prague, Czech Republic. [Chakrabarti, Ramananda; Jacobsen, Stein B.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chakrabarti, Ramananda] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Earth Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Ackerman, Lukas] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Farkas, J (reprint author), Czech Geol Survey, Prague, Czech Republic. EM juraj.farkas@geology.cz RI Ackerman, Lukas/I-8753-2014 FU Technological Agency of the Czech Republic [TA01021055]; CGS internal [334400]; Origins of Life Initiative; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; NASA Cosmochemistry [NNX12AH65G] FX This study was supported by the Technological Agency of the Czech Republic (Grant No. TA01021055 to M.N.), and the method development was partly supported also by the CGS internal Grant No. 334400 (to J. F.). The analytical work on Cr isotopes done at Harvard University was supported by the Origins of Life Initiative (a postdoctoral funding to R. C.), and partly supported also by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR funding to J. F. and S. B. J.) and a NASA Cosmochemistry grant to S. B. J. (NNX12AH65G). Finally, F. Veselovsky, L. Erbanova, V. Erban, V. Janousek, J. Sikl, E. Prechova, M. Stepanova G. Medaris and L. Mizic. (at CGS) are acknowledged for their help with the sample preparation and the laboratory and fieldwork. Frede ric Moynier is acknowledged for an excellent editorial handling as well as the useful comments; and Ronny Schoenberg, Paul Savage and one anonymous reviewer are acknowledged for their constructive criticism, which significantly improved the quality of this work. NR 68 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 9 U2 75 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 123 BP 74 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2013.08.016 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 250RM UT WOS:000326871400005 ER PT J AU Sio, CKI Dauphas, N Teng, FZ Chaussidon, M Helz, RT Roskosz, M AF Sio, Corliss Kin I. Dauphas, Nicolas Teng, Fang-Zhen Chaussidon, Marc Helz, Rosalind T. Roskosz, Mathieu TI Discerning crystal growth from diffusion profiles in zoned olivine by in situ Mg-Fe isotopic analyses SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID IKI LAVA LAKE; FEMTOSECOND LASER-ABLATION; MULTICOLLECTOR ICP-MS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MAGMATIC SYSTEMS; ZONING PATTERNS; SORET DIFFUSION; IRON ISOTOPES; TIME SCALES; FRACTIONATION AB Mineral zoning is used in diffusion-based geospeedometry to determine magmatic timescales. Progress in this field has been hampered by the challenge to discern mineral zoning produced by diffusion from concentration gradients inherited from crystal growth. A zoned olivine phenocryst from Kilauea Iki lava lake (Hawaii) was selected for this study to evaluate the potential of Mg and Fe isotopes for distinguishing these two processes. Microdrilling of the phenocryst (similar to 300 mu m drill holes) followed by MC-ICPMS analysis of the powders revealed negatively coupled Mg and Fe isotopic fractionations (delta Mg-26 from + 0.1 parts per thousand to - 0.2 parts per thousand and delta Fe-56 from -1.2 parts per thousand to -0.2 parts per thousand from core to rim), which can only be explained by Mg-Fe exchange between melt and olivine. The data can be explained with ratios of diffusivities of Mg and Fe isotopes in olivine scaling as D-2/D-1 = (m(1)/m(2))(beta) with beta(Mg) similar to 0.16 and beta(Fe) similar to 0.27. LA-MC-ICPMS and MC-SIMS Fe isotopic measurements are developed and are demonstrated to yield accurate delta Fe-56 measurements within precisions of similar to 0.2 parts per thousand (1 SD) at spatial resolutions of similar to 50 mu m. delta Fe-56 and delta Mg-26 stay constant with Fo# in the rim (late-stage overgrowth), whereas in the core (original phenocryst) delta Fe-56 steeply trends toward lighter compositions and delta Mg-26 trends toward heavier compositions with higher Fo#. A plot of delta Fe-56 vs. Fo# immediately distinguishes growth-controlled from diffusion-controlled zoning in these two regions. The results are consistent with the idea that large isotopic fractionation accompanies chemical diffusion in crystals, whereas fractional crystallization induces little or no isotopic fractionation. The cooling timescale inferred from the chemical-isotope zoning profiles is consistent with the documented cooling history of the lava lake. In the absence of geologic context, in situ stable isotopic measurements may now be used to interpret the nature of mineral zoning. Stable isotope measurements by LA-MCICPMS and MC-SIMS can be used as standard petrologic tools to identify samples for diffusion-based geospeedometry. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sio, Corliss Kin I.; Dauphas, Nicolas] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Origins Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sio, Corliss Kin I.; Dauphas, Nicolas] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Teng, Fang-Zhen] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Isotope Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Teng, Fang-Zhen] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Chaussidon, Marc] CRPG CNRS, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Helz, Rosalind T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Roskosz, Mathieu] Univ Lille 1, Unite Mat & Transformat, CNRS UMR 8207, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Sio, CKI (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Origins Lab, 5734 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM ksio@uchicago.edu RI Chaussidon, Marc/E-7067-2017 FU NSF [EAR1144429]; NASA [NNX12AH60G]; ANR program [2011JS56 004 01]; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); Conseil Regional du Nord-Pas de Calais; ERDF; Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU, CNRS) FX We thank Yan Xiao and Shuijiong Wang for assistance with Mg isotopic measurements, Thomas Ireland for assistance with development of the LA-MC-ICPMS technique, David Troadec for making the FIB sections, Ahmed Addad and Patrick Cordier for TEM crystallographic orientation measurements, Jannick Ingrin for assistance with FTIR analyses in olivine, Claire RollionBard for assistance withMC-SIMS, Ian Steele and Severine Bellayer for assistance with EMPA, Will Vaughan for writing a data reduction program for the SEM at the University of Chicago, and Haolan Tang for showing us internally normalized Fe isotope data for IRMM014. This manuscript benefited from discussions with Frank Richter, and constructive reviews by Summit Chakraborty, Jan Schuessler, and Bruce Watson, and editorial handling by Stefan Weyer. This work was supported by Chateaubriand fellowship to C. K. I. S., NSF Petrology and Geochemistry (EAR1144429) and NASA Cosmochemistry (NNX12AH60G) to N. D., NSF (EAR-0838227 and EAR-1056713) to F.-Z. T., and ANR program (2011JS56 004 01, FrIHIDDA) to M. R. The EPMA facility in Lille is supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The TEM national facility in Lille is supported by the Conseil Regional du Nord-Pas de Calais, ERDF, and Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU, CNRS). NR 72 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 10 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 123 BP 302 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.008 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 250RM UT WOS:000326871400018 ER PT J AU Bled, F Sauer, J Pardieck, K Doherty, P Royle, JA AF Bled, Florent Sauer, John Pardieck, Keith Doherty, Paul Royle, J. Andrew TI Modeling Trends from North American Breeding Bird Survey Data: A Spatially Explicit Approach SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-CHANGE; CERULEAN WARBLERS; FOREST BIRDS; STATISTICS; ABUNDANCE; SCALE; NEEDS AB Population trends, defined as interval-specific proportional changes in population size, are often used to help identify species of conservation interest. Efficient modeling of such trends depends on the consideration of the correlation of population changes with key spatial and environmental covariates. This can provide insights into causal mechanisms and allow spatially explicit summaries at scales that are of interest to management agencies. We expand the hierarchical modeling framework used in the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) by developing a spatially explicit model of temporal trend using a conditional autoregressive (CAR) model. By adopting a formal spatial model for abundance, we produce spatially explicit abundance and trend estimates. Analyses based on large-scale geographic strata such as Bird Conservation Regions (BCR) can suffer from basic imbalances in spatial sampling. Our approach addresses this issue by providing an explicit weighting based on the fundamental sample allocation unit of the BBS. We applied the spatial model to three species from the BBS. Species have been chosen based upon their well-known population change patterns, which allows us to evaluate the quality of our model and the biological meaning of our estimates. We also compare our results with the ones obtained for BCRs using a nonspatial hierarchical model (Sauer and Link 2011). Globally, estimates for mean trends are consistent between the two approaches but spatial estimates provide much more precise trend estimates in regions on the edges of species ranges that were poorly estimated in non-spatial analyses. Incorporating a spatial component in the analysis not only allows us to obtain relevant and biologically meaningful estimates for population trends, but also enables us to provide a flexible framework in order to obtain trend estimates for any area. C1 [Bled, Florent; Sauer, John; Pardieck, Keith; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Bled, Florent; Doherty, Paul] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bled, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. EM florent.bled@gmail.com OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) FX This research was supported by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 53 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 13 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 12 AR e81867 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0081867 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 276FP UT WOS:000328734200016 PM 24349141 ER PT J AU Bartsch, S Peiffer, S Shope, CL Arnhold, S Jeong, JJ Park, JH Eum, J Kim, B Fleckenstein, JH AF Bartsch, Svenja Peiffer, Stefan Shope, Christopher L. Arnhold, Sebastian Jeong, Jong-Jin Park, Ji-Hyung Eum, Jaesung Kim, Bomchul Fleckenstein, Jan H. TI Monsoonal-type climate or land-use management: Understanding their role in the mobilization of nitrate and DOC in a mountainous catchment SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Dissolved organic carbon; Monsoonal-type climate; Land-use type; River-aquifer exchange dynamics; Topography ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; NITROGEN POLLUTION; FORESTED CATCHMENT; STREAM NITRATE; STORM EVENTS; EXPORT; DYNAMICS; SOIL; NUTRIENT AB The linkage between hydrologic dynamics and the delivery of nitrate and DOG (dissolved organic carbon) to streams was studied in the Haean catchment, a mixed land-use mountainous catchment in South Korea. Three monsoonal precipitation events were analyzed, which varied in total rainfall amount (39-70 mm) and intensities (mean: 1.6-5.6 mm h(-1)), by high-resolution (2-4 h interval) stream water-quality sampling along the topographic elevation gradient of the catchment, from an upland deciduous forest stream, over areas intensively used for agriculture (dryland farming and rice paddies) down to the catchment outlet. The dynamics of river-aquifer exchange were investigated at two piezometer transects at mid and lower elevations. DOG and nitrate sources and their transport pathways to the receiving surface waters differed between the forested and the agricultural stream site. In the forest stream, elevated DOG concentrations (max: 3.5 mgC l(-1)) during precipitation events were due to hydrologic flushing of soluble organic matter in upper soil horizons, with a strong dependency on pre-storm wetness conditions. Nitrate contributions to the forested stream occurred along shallow subsurface transport pathways. At the agricultural sites stream DOG concentrations were considerably higher (max: 23.5 mgC l(-1)) supplied from adjacent rice paddies. The highest in-stream nitrate concentrations (max: 4.1 mgN l(-1)) occurred at river reaches located in the lower agricultural part of the catchment, affected by groundwater inputs. Groundwater nitrate concentrations were high (max: 7.4 mgN l(-1)) owing to chemical fertilizer leaching from dryland fields forced by monsoonal rainfalls. Overall, this study demonstrates that the hydrologic dynamics resulting from the monsoonal climate drive the in-stream DOG dynamics in the forested 1st-order catchment whereas sources and mobilization of DOG in downstream agricultural areas are mainly controlled by the prevailing land-use type and irrigation management. Nitrate dynamics in higher order agricultural streams and their connected aquifers reflect combined effects of land-use type and monsoonal hydrology. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bartsch, Svenja; Peiffer, Stefan; Shope, Christopher L.; Fleckenstein, Jan H.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, Bayreuth Ctr Ecol & Environm Sci BayCEER, Bayreuth, Germany. [Arnhold, Sebastian] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Phys, Bayreuth Ctr Ecol & Environm Sci BayCEER, Bayreuth, Germany. [Jeong, Jong-Jin] Kangwon Natl Univ, Coll Forest & Environm Sci, Dept Forest Environm Protect, Chunchon, South Korea. [Park, Ji-Hyung] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Eum, Jaesung; Kim, Bomchul] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Chunchon, South Korea. [Shope, Christopher L.] Utah Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Fleckenstein, Jan H.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Hydrogeol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. RP Fleckenstein, JH (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Hydrogeol, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM jan.fleckenstein@ufz.de RI peiffer, stefan/C-3759-2012; Fleckenstein, Jan/B-1382-2014 OI peiffer, stefan/0000-0002-8326-0240; Fleckenstein, Jan/0000-0001-7213-9448 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth (Germany) [GRK 1565/1]; Korean Research Foundation (KRF) at Kangwon National University, Chuncheon (South Korea); National Research Foundation of Korea [2009-0083527] FX This study was carried out within the framework of the International Research Training Group TERRECO (GRK 1565/1), funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth (Germany) and the Korean Research Foundation (KRF) at Kangwon National University, Chuncheon (South Korea). Ji-Hyung Park was supported by a research grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (2009-0083527). The authors want to thank Axel Muller, Bumsuk Seo, Kiyong Kim, Eunyoung Jung, Bora Lee and Heera Lee for their support and translations during field campaigns. The constructive comments by the Associate Editor and an anonymous reviewer helped to improve the final manuscript and are greatly appreciated. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 12 PY 2013 VL 507 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.012 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 300UY UT WOS:000330490700013 ER PT J AU Danz, ME Corsi, SR Brooks, WR Bannerman, RT AF Danz, Mari E. Corsi, Steven R. Brooks, Wesley R. Bannerman, Roger T. TI Characterizing response of total suspended solids and total phosphorus loading to weather and watershed characteristics for rainfall and snowmelt events in agricultural watersheds SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Suspended solids loading; Phosphorus loading; Runoff generation; Watershed response; Antecedent baseflow; Rainfall depth ID ABANDONED FARMLAND CATCHMENT; CENTRAL SPANISH PYRENEES; RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS; VARIABILITY; GENERATION; PATTERNS; SPAIN AB Understanding the response of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) to influential weather and watershed variables is critical in the development of sediment and nutrient reduction plans. In this study, rainfall and snowmelt event loadings of TSS and TP were analyzed for eight agricultural watersheds in Wisconsin, with areas ranging from 14 to 110 km(2) and having four to twelve years of data available. The data showed that a small number of rainfall and snowmelt runoff events accounted for the majority of total event loading. The largest 10% of the loading events for each watershed accounted for 73-97% of the total TSS load and 64-88% of the total TP load. More than half of the total annual TSS load was transported during a single event for each watershed at least one of the monitored years. Rainfall and snowmelt events were both influential contributors of TSS and TP loading. TSS loading contributions were greater from rainfall events at five watersheds, from snowmelt events at two watersheds, and nearly equal at one watershed. The TP loading contributions were greater from rainfall events at three watersheds, from snowmelt events at two watersheds and nearly equal at three watersheds. Stepwise multivariate regression models for TSS and TP event loadings were developed separately for rainfall and snowmelt runoff events for each individual watershed and for all watersheds combined by using a suite of precipitation, melt, temperature, seasonality, and watershed characteristics as predictors. All individual models and the combined model for rainfall events resulted in two common predictors as most influential for TSS and TP. These included rainfall depth and the antecedent baseflow. Using these two predictors alone resulted in an R-2 greater than 0.7 in all but three individual models and 0.61 or greater for all individual models. The combined model yielded an R-2 of 0.66 for TSS and 0.59 for TP. Neither the individual nor the combined models were substantially improved by using additional predictors. Snowmelt event models were statistically significant for individual and combined watershed models, but the model fits were not all as good as those for rainfall events (R-2 between 0.19 and 0.87). Predictor selection varied from watershed to watershed, and the common variables that were selected were not always selected in the same order. Influential variables were commonly direct measures of moisture in the watershed such as snowmelt, rainfall + snowmelt, and antecedent baseflow, or measures of potential snowmelt volume in the watershed such as air temperature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Danz, Mari E.; Corsi, Steven R.; Brooks, Wesley R.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Bannerman, Roger T.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Danz, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM medanz@usgs.gov; srcorsi@usgs.gov; wrbrooks@usgs.gov; Roger.Bannerman@wisconsin.gov FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources FX Support for this work was provided by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The authors thank all field and office personnel from the USGS and cooperating agencies who have contributed to the collection, analysis, and archival of the 15 years of data used in this article. The manuscript benefited from the suggestions made by two anonymous reviewers and by USGS colleagues John Walker, Kevin Breen, and Michelle Greenwood. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 12 PY 2013 VL 507 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.038 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 300UY UT WOS:000330490700021 ER PT J AU Emmenegger, EJ Moon, CH Hershberger, PK Kurath, G AF Emmenegger, Eveline J. Moon, Chang Hoon Hershberger, Paul K. Kurath, Gael TI Virulence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotypes Ia, IVa, IVb, and IVc in five fish species SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE VHSV; Virulence; Genotype; Perch; Salmon; Trout; Herring; Koi ID NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; TURBOT SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; LAKE-ONTARIO; MARINE FISH; HOST; USA AB The susceptibility of yellow perch Perca flavescens, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha, koi Cyprinus carpio koi, and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii to 4 strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was assessed. Fish were challenged via intraperitoneal injection with high (1 x 10(6) plaque-forming units, PFU) and low (1 x 10(3) PFU) doses of a European strain (genotype Ia), and North American strains from the West coast (genotype IVa), Great Lakes (genotype IVb), and the East coast (genotype IVc). Pacific herring were exposed to the same VHSV strains, but at a single dose of 5 x 10(3) PFU ml(-1) by immersion in static seawater. Overall, yellow perch were the most susceptible, with cumulative percent mortality (CPM) ranging from 84 to 100%, and 30 to 93% in fish injected with high or low doses of virus, respectively. Rainbow trout and Chinook salmon experienced higher mortalities (47 to 98% CPM) after exposure to strain Ia than to the other virus genotypes. Pacific herring were most susceptible to strain IVa with an average CPM of 80% and moderately susceptible (42 to 52% CPM) to the other genotypes. Koi had very low susceptibility (<= 5.0% CPM) to all 4 VHSV strains. Fish tested at 7 d post challenge were positive for all virus strains, with yellow perch having the highest prevalence and concentrations of virus, and koi the lowest. While genotype Ia had higher virulence in salmonid species, there was little difference in virulence or host-specificity between isolates from subtypes IVa, IVb, and IVc. C1 [Emmenegger, Eveline J.; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moon, Chang Hoon] Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Biomed Res Ctr, Ulsan Univ Hosp, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. [Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. RP Emmenegger, EJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eemmenegger@usgs.gov FU Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant [2004-38500-14698]; US Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2005-38500-15812]; 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council [10100132-I] FX This project was funded by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant 2004-38500-14698, grant 2005-38500-15812 from the US Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project no. 10100132-I. We thank our colleagues who continue to support our research by donating test fish: S. LaPatra (Clear Springs Food) for rainbow trout, J. Burkard (Pan Intercorp) for koi, J. Wittouck (University of Washington) for Chinook salmon eggs, R. Goetz (now at NOAA) and F. Binkowski (University of Wisconsin Milwaukee) for yellow perch, and J. Gregg (Marrowstone Field Station) for Pacific herring. E. J. E. thanks M. Purcell for her statistics tutorial (and patience) in demonstrating the use of Graph Pad InStat; A. Wargo for help with SPSS analysis; and J. Winton for editorial assistance. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 12 PY 2013 VL 107 IS 2 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.3354/dao02671 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 275RL UT WOS:000328695000002 PM 24334352 ER PT J AU Jones, BM Gusmeroli, A Arp, CD Strozzi, T Grosse, G Gaglioti, BV Whitman, MS AF Jones, Benjamin M. Gusmeroli, Alessio Arp, Christopher D. Strozzi, Tazio Grosse, Guido Gaglioti, Benjamin V. Whitman, Matthew S. TI Classification of freshwater ice conditions on the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain using ground penetrating radar and TerraSAR-X satellite data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SPACEBORNE IMAGING RADAR; NEAR-SHORE ZONE; NORTH SLOPE; BACKSCATTER CHARACTERISTICS; RIVER ICE; LAKES; THICKNESS; CANADA; DELTA AB Arctic freshwater ecosystems have responded rapidly to climatic changes over the last half century. Lakes and rivers are experiencing a thinning of the seasonal ice cover, which may increase potential over-wintering freshwater habitat, winter water supply for industrial withdrawal, and permafrost degradation. Here, we combined the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and high-resolution (HR) spotlight TerraSAR-X (TSX) satellite data (1.25m resolution) to identify and characterize floating ice and grounded ice conditions in lakes, ponds, beaded stream pools, and an alluvial river channel. Classified ice conditions from the GPR and the TSX data showed excellent agreement: 90.6% for a predominantly floating ice lake, 99.7% for a grounded ice lake, 79.0% for a beaded stream course, and 92.1% for the alluvial river channel. A GIS-based analysis of 890 surface water features larger than 0.01ha showed that 42% of the total surface water area potentially provided over-wintering habitat during the 2012/2013 winter. Lakes accounted for 89% of this area, whereas the alluvial river channel accounted for 10% and ponds and beaded stream pools each accounted for <1%. Identification of smaller landscape features such as beaded stream pools may be important because of their distribution and role in connecting other water bodies on the landscape. These findings advance techniques for detecting and knowledge associated with potential winter habitat distribution for fish and invertebrates at the local scale in a region of the Arctic with increasing stressors related to climate and land use change. C1 [Jones, Benjamin M.; Gaglioti, Benjamin V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gusmeroli, Alessio] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Arp, Christopher D.; Gaglioti, Benjamin V.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Strozzi, Tazio] Gamma Remote Sensing, Gumlingen, BE, Switzerland. [Grosse, Guido] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Whitman, Matthew S.] Bur Land Management, Arctic Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Jones, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bjones@usgs.gov RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225; Gusmeroli, Alessio/0000-0002-8355-5591 FU US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Bureau of Land Management Arctic Field Office; US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory; National Science Foundation [ARC-1107481]; Alaska Climate Science Center; Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX Support for this research was provided by the US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, the Bureau of Land Management Arctic Field Office, the US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory, the National Science Foundation (ARC-1107481), the Alaska Climate Science Center, and the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative. TerraSAR-X data are courtesy of LAN0586 ((C) DLR). We thank John Lane, Fred Day-Lewis, and Peter Joesten of the US Geological Survey for loaning us the 250 MHz Mala system. We thank the ConocoPhilips and ABR Inc. for providing the terrain unit data layer. We also thank ConocoPhilips Alpine Oil Field facility for providing assistance when in the field. Peter Joesten and one anonymous reviewer helped strengthen this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 83 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC 10 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 23 BP 8267 EP 8279 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2013.834392 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 232SY UT WOS:000325515500001 ER PT J AU Abbott, DH Mooney, WD VanTongeren, JA AF Abbott, Dallas H. Mooney, Walter D. VanTongeren, Jill A. TI The character of the Moho and lower crust within Archean cratons and the tectonic implications SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Archean; Moho; Seismic; Granite; Greenstone belt; Crust ID NORTH CHINA CRATON; WESTERN SUPERIOR PROVINCE; RECEIVER FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; ZIRCON U-PB; SUBCONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; LOWER CONTINENTAL-CRUST; ONTONG JAVA PLATEAU; HF-ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; KAAPVAAL CRATON; YILGARN CRATON AB Undisturbed mid Archean crust (stabilized by 3.0-2.9 Ga) has several characteristics that distinguish it from post Archean crust. Undisturbed mid-Archean crust has a low proportion of internal seismic boundaries (as evidenced by converted phases in seismic receiver functions), lacks high seismic velocities in the lower crust and has a sharp, flat Moho. Most of the seismic data on mid-Archean crust comes from the undisturbed portions of the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe (Tokwe segment) cratons. Around 67-74% of younger Archean crust (stabilized by 2.8-2.5 Ga) has a sharp, flat Moho. Much of the crust with a sharp, flat Moho also lacks strong internal seismic boundaries, but there is not a one to one correspondence. In cases where its age is known, basaltic lower crust in Archean terranes is often but not always the result of post Archean underplating. Undisturbed mid-Archean cratons are also characterized by lower crustal thicknesses (Archean median range = 32-39 km vs. post-Archean average = 41 km) and lower crustal seismic velocities. These observations are shown to be distinct from those observed in any modem-day tectonic environment. The data presented here are most consistent with a model in which Archean crust undergoes delamination of dense lithologies at the garnet-in isograd resulting in a flat, sharp Moho reflector and a thinner and more felsic-intermediate crust. We discuss the implications of this model for several outstanding paradoxes of Archean geology. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abbott, Dallas H.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [VanTongeren, Jill A.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Abbott, DH (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM dallashabbott@gmail.com FU Yale University Bateman Postdoctoral Fellowship; USGS National Earthquake Hazards Program FX We thank Columbia University for access to scientific literature. We thank W. Menke for helpful discussions on the limitations of various types of seismic data. Reviews by I.M. Artemieva and N. Arndt improved the manuscript. J.V. acknowledges Jun Korenaga and the support of a Yale University Bateman Postdoctoral Fellowship and W.D.M. acknowledges discussions with K. Condie, A Kroener, and Keith Howard, as well as support by the USGS National Earthquake Hazards Program. NR 188 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD DEC 8 PY 2013 VL 609 SI SI BP 690 EP 705 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.09.014 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 296QR UT WOS:000330201000038 ER PT J AU Tush, D Loftin, KA Meyer, MT AF Tush, Daniel Loftin, Keith A. Meyer, Michael T. TI Characterization of polyoxyethylene tallow amine surfactants in technical mixtures and glyphosate formulations using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometryle SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Polyoxyethylene tallow amine; Glyphosate; Mass spectrometry; Ultra-high performance liquid; chromatography; Inert ingredient; Adjuvant ID ALKYLAMINE ETHOXYLATES; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; TOXICITY; HERBICIDE; TRANSLOCATION; ABSORPTION; METABOLITES; EXTRACTION; DAPHNIA; WATERS AB Little is known about the occurrence, fate, and effects of the ancillary additives in pesticide formulations. Polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA) is a non-ionic surfactant used in many glyphosate formulations, a widely applied herbicide both in agricultural and urban environments. POEA has not been previously well characterized, but has been shown to be toxic to various aquatic organisms. Characterization of technical mixtures using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and mass spectrometry shows POEA is a complex combination of homologs of different aliphatic moieties and ranges of ethoxylate units. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments indicate that POEA homologs generate no product ions readily suitable for quantitative analysis due to poor sensitivity. A comparison of multiple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UHPLC analytical columns indicates that the stationary phase is more important in column selection than other parameters for the separation of POEA. Analysis of several agricultural and household glyphosate formulations confirms that POEA is a common ingredient but ethoxylate distributions among formulations vary. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tush, Daniel; Loftin, Keith A.; Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Tush, Daniel] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Meyer, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM mmeyer@usgs.gov OI Tush, Daniel/0000-0003-0031-3501 FU U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The use of trade, firm, or brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 6 PY 2013 VL 1319 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.032 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 260BO UT WOS:000327570200010 PM 24188997 ER PT J AU Lamborg, CH Kent, DB Swarr, GJ Munson, KM Kading, T O'Connor, AE Fairchild, GM LeBlanc, DR Wiatrowski, HA AF Lamborg, Carl H. Kent, Doug B. Swarr, Gretchen J. Munson, Kathleen M. Kading, Tristan O'Connor, Alison E. Fairchild, Gillian M. LeBlanc, Denis R. Wiatrowski, Heather A. TI Mercury Speciation and Mobilization in a Wastewater-Contaminated Groundwater Plume SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; STABLE-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; 2-STAGE GOLD AMALGAMATION; GAS-PHASE DETECTION; NATURAL ATTENUATION; COASTAL WATERS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; VARIABLE PH; TRACER TEST; TRANSPORT AB We measured the concentration and speciation of mercury (Hg) in groundwater down-gradient from the site of wastewater infiltration beds operated by the Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Total mercury concentrations in oxic, mildly acidic, uncontaminated groundwater are 0.5-1 pM, and aquifer sediments have 0.5-1 ppb mercury. The plume of impacted groundwater created by the wastewater disposal is still evident, although inputs ceased in 1995, as indicated by anoxia extending at least 3 km down-gradient from the disposal site. Solutes indicative of a progression of anaerobic metabolisms are observed vertically and horizontally within the plume, with elevated nitrate concentrations and nitrate reduction surrounding a region with elevated iron concentrations indicating iron reduction. Mercury concentrations up to 800 pM were observed in shallow groundwater directly under the former infiltration beds, but concentrations decreased with depth and with distance down-gradient. Mercury speciation showed significant connections to the redox and metabolic state of the groundwater, with relatively little methylated Hg within the iron reducing sector of the plume, and dominance of this form within the higher nitrate/ammonium zone. Furthermore, substantial reduction of Hg(II) to Hg-0 within the core of the anoxic zone was observed when iron reduction was evident. These trends not only provide insight into the biogeochemical factors controlling the interplay of Hg species in natural waters, but also support hypotheses that anoxia and eutrophication in groundwater facilitate the mobilization of natural and anthropogenic Hg from watersheds/aquifers, which can be transported down-gradient to freshwaters and the coastal zone. C1 [Lamborg, Carl H.; Swarr, Gretchen J.; Munson, Kathleen M.; Kading, Tristan] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kent, Doug B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [O'Connor, Alison E.] Oberlin Coll, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Fairchild, Gillian M.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [LeBlanc, Denis R.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Wiatrowski, Heather A.] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Lamborg, CH (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM clamborg@whoi.edu FU Woods Hole Sea Grant; Woods Hole Oceanographic Coastal Ocean Institute; USGS FX This work was supported by Woods Hole Sea Grant, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Coastal Ocean Institute, and the USGS through the Toxic Substances Hydrology, National Water Quality Assessment, and Hydrologic Research Programs. We thank Judy McDowell and Chris Reddy for their support. Thanks to Mike Bothner for use of his DMA-80. We thank Aria Amirbahman, David Bessinger, Matthew Charette, Richard L. Smith, and John A. Colman for their helpful discussions, Christopher Conaway for a presubmission review, and Karen Johannesson and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 3 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 23 BP 13239 EP 13249 DI 10.1021/es402441d PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266CH UT WOS:000327999400009 PM 24187956 ER PT J AU McMahon, PB Thomas, JC Hunt, AG AF McMahon, Peter B. Thomas, Judith C. Hunt, Andrew G. TI Groundwater Ages and Mixing in the Piceance Basin Natural Gas Province, Colorado SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW AQUIFERS; UNITED-STATES; FLOW; METHANE; USA; CONTAMINATION; WATER; GEOCHEMISTRY; PENNSYLVANIA; CALIFORNIA AB Reliably identifying the effects of energy development on groundwater quality can be difficult because baseline assessments of water quality completed before the onset of energy development are rare and because interactions between hydrocarbon reservoirs and aquifers can be complex, involving both natural and human processes. Groundwater age and mixing data can strengthen interpretations of monitoring data from those areas by providing better understanding of the groundwater flow systems. Chemical, isotopic, and age tracers were used to characterize groundwater ages and mixing with deeper saline water in three areas of the Piceance Basin natural gas province. The data revealed a complex array of groundwater ages (<10 to >50,000 years) and mixing patterns in the basin that helped explain concentrations and sources of methane in groundwater. Age and mixing data also can strengthen the design of monitoring programs by providing information on time scales at which water quality changes in aquifers might be expected to occur. This information could be used to establish maximum allowable distances of monitoring wells from energy development activity and the appropriate duration of monitoring. C1 [McMahon, Peter B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Thomas, Judith C.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. [Hunt, Andrew G.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Bldg 53,Mail Stop 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM pmcmahon@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment FX The paper was improved by the constructive reviews of Joanna Thamke and three anonymous reviewers for the journal. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 3 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 23 BP 13250 EP 13257 DI 10.1021/es402473c PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266CH UT WOS:000327999400010 PM 24187946 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE Pope, JP AF Sanford, Ward E. Pope, Jason P. TI Quantifying Groundwater's Role in Delaying Improvements to Chesapeake Bay Water Quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; RESIDENCE TIMES; RECHARGE; VULNERABILITY; TRACERS; STREAMS; BASINS AB A study has been undertaken to determine the time required for the effects of nitrogen-reducing best management practices (BMPs) implemented at the land surface to reach the Chesapeake Bay via groundwater transport to streams. To accomplish this, a nitrogen mass-balance regression (NMBR) model was developed and applied to seven watersheds on the Delmarva Peninsula. The model included the distribution of groundwater return times obtained from a regional groundwater-flow (GWF) model, the history of nitrogen application at the land surface over the last century, and parameters that account for denitrification. The model was (1) able to reproduce nitrate concentrations in streams and wells over time, including a recent decline in the rate at which concentrations have been increasing, and (2) used to forecast future nitrogen delivery from the Delmarva Peninsula to the Bay given different scenarios of nitrogen load reduction to the water table. The relatively deep porous aquifers of the Delmarva yield longer groundwater return times than those reported earlier for western parts of the Bay watershed. Accordingly, several decades will be required to see the full effects of current and future BMPs. The magnitude of this time lag is critical information for Chesapeake Bay watershed managers and stakeholders. C1 [Sanford, Ward E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pope, Jason P.] USGS, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 3 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 23 BP 13330 EP 13338 DI 10.1021/es401334k PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266CH UT WOS:000327999400019 PM 24152097 ER PT J AU Johnston, C Byappanahalli, MN Gibson, JM Ufnar, JA Whitman, RL Stewart, JR AF Johnston, Christopher Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Gibson, Jacqueline MacDonald Ufnar, Jennifer A. Whitman, Richard L. Stewart, Jill R. TI Probabilistic Analysis Showing That a Combination of Bacteroides and Methanobrevibacter Source Tracking Markers Is Effective for Identifying Waters Contaminated by Human Fecal Pollution SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; PROTEIN ESP GENE; SEWAGE POLLUTION; NIFH GENE; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; HOST DIFFERENCES; DAIRY-CATTLE; HUMAN FECES AB Microbial source tracking assays to identify sources of waterborne contamination typically target genetic markers of host-specific microorganisms. However, no bacterial marker has been shown to be 100% host-specific, and cross-reactivity has been noted in studies evaluating known source samples. Using 485 challenge samples from 20 different human and animal fecal sources, this study evaluated microbial source tracking markers including the Bacteroides HF183 16S rRNA, M. smithii nifH, and Enterococcus esp gene targets that have been proposed as potential indicators of human fecal contamination. Bayes' Theorem was used to calculate the conditional probability that these markers or a combination of markers can correctly identify human sources of fecal pollution. All three human-associated markers were detected in 100% of the sewage samples analyzed. Bacteroides HF183 was the most effective marker for determining whether contamination was specifically from a human source, and greater than 98% certainty that contamination was from a human source was shown when both Bacteroides HF183 and M. smithii nifH markers were present. A high degree of certainty was attained even in cases where the prior probability of human fecal contamination was as low as 8.5%. The combination of Bacteroides HF183 and M. smithii nifH source tracking markers can help identify surface waters impacted by human fecal contamination, information useful for prioritizing restoration activities or assessing health risks from exposure to contaminated waters. C1 [Johnston, Christopher] Jardon & Howard Technol Inc, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Johnston, Christopher; Stewart, Jill R.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Johnston, Christopher; Stewart, Jill R.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IA 46304 USA. [Ufnar, Jennifer A.] Southern Vermont Coll, Div Sci & Technol, Bennington, VT 05201 USA. [Gibson, Jacqueline MacDonald; Stewart, Jill R.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Stewart, JR (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Jill.Stewart@unc.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Ocean Research Priorities Plan FX The authors would like to thank Dawn Shively for help with sample collection and analyses. This work was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey Ocean Research Priorities Plan. This article is contribution 1802 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 3 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 23 BP 13621 EP 13628 DI 10.1021/es403753k PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266CH UT WOS:000327999400052 PM 24182330 ER PT J AU Yost, EE Meyer, MT Dietze, JE Meissner, BM Worley-Davis, L Williams, CM Lee, B Kullman, SW AF Yost, Erin E. Meyer, Michael T. Dietze, Julie E. Meissner, Benjamin M. Worley-Davis, Lynn Williams, C. Michael Lee, Boknam Kullman, Seth W. TI Comprehensive Assessment of Hormones, Phytoestrogens, and Estrogenic Activity in an Anaerobic Swine Waste Lagoon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATION; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; STEROID-HORMONES; WATER TREATMENT; TREATMENT FACILITIES; ORGANIC-CARBON; SEX-HORMONES; MANURE; FATE; FISH AB In this study, the distribution of steroid hormones, phytoestrogens, and estrogenic activity was thoroughly characterized within the anaerobic waste lagoon of a typical commercial swine sow operation. Three independent rounds of sampling were conducted in June 2009, April 2010, and February 2011. Thirty-seven analytes in lagoon slurry and sludge were assessed using LC/MS-MS, and yeast estrogen screen was used to determine estrogenic activity. Of the hormone analytes, steroidal estrogens were more abundant than androgens or progesterone, with estrone being the predominant estrogen species. Conjugated hormones were detected only at low levels. The isoflavone metabolite equol was by far the predominant phytoestrogen species, with daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and coumestrol present at lower levels. Phytoestrogens were often more abundant than steroidal estrogens, but contributed minimally toward total estrogenic activity. Analytes were significantly elevated in the solid phases of the lagoon; although low observed log K-OC values suggest enhanced solubility in the aqueous phase, perhaps due to dissolved or colloidal organic carbon. The association with the solid phase, as well as recalcitrance of analytes to anaerobic degradation, results in a markedly elevated load of analytes and estrogenic activity within lagoon sludge. Overall, findings emphasize the importance of adsorption and transformation processes in governing the fate of these compounds in lagoon waste, which is ultimately used for broadcast application as a fertilizer. C1 [Yost, Erin E.; Kullman, Seth W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.; Dietze, Julie E.; Meissner, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Worley-Davis, Lynn; Williams, C. Michael] N Carolina State Univ, Prestage Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lee, Boknam] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27705 USA. RP Kullman, SW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci Environm & Mol Toxicol, 850 Main Campus Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM swkullma@ncsu.edu OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985; Dietze, Julie/0000-0002-5936-5739 FU Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R833420]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [T32-ES007046]; EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship [FP917151] FX This work was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant (R833420) awarded to S.W. Kullman, as well as the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences training grant (T32-ES007046) and EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship (FP917151) awarded to E. Yost. Analytical support was also provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank Mark Rice (NCSU Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering) for field sampling coordination, and the owners and employees of the field site for their generosity and cooperation. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 3 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 23 BP 13781 EP 13790 DI 10.1021/es4026408 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266CH UT WOS:000327999400071 PM 24144340 ER PT J AU Reiter, ME Andersen, DE AF Reiter, Matthew E. Andersen, David E. TI Evidence of Territoriality and Species Interactions from Spatial Point-Pattern Analyses of Subarctic-Nesting Geese SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AVIAN HABITAT SELECTION; LESSER SNOW GOOSE; CANADA GEESE; HUDSON-BAY; ASSOCIATIONS; PREDATION; COLONY; RANGE AB Quantifying spatial patterns of bird nests and nest fate provides insights into processes influencing a species' distribution. At Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, recent declines in breeding Eastern Prairie Population Canada geese (Branta canadensis interior) has coincided with increasing populations of nesting lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's geese (Chen rossii). We conducted a spatial analysis of point patterns using Canada goose nest locations and nest fate, and lesser snow goose nest locations at two study areas in northern Manitoba with different densities and temporal durations of sympatric nesting Canada and lesser snow geese. Specifically, we assessed (1) whether Canada geese exhibited territoriality and at what scale and nest density; and (2) whether spatial patterns of Canada goose nest fate were associated with the density of nesting lesser snow geese as predicted by the protective-association hypothesis. Between 2001 and 2007, our data suggest that Canada geese were territorial at the scale of nearest neighbors, but were aggregated when considering overall density of conspecifics at slightly broader spatial scales. The spatial distribution of nest fates indicated that lesser snow goose nest proximity and density likely influence Canada goose nest fate. Our analyses of spatial point patterns suggested that continued changes in the distribution and abundance of breeding lesser snow geese on the Hudson Bay Lowlands may have impacts on the reproductive performance of Canada geese, and subsequently the spatial distribution of Canada goose nests. C1 [Reiter, Matthew E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Reiter, ME (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mreiter@pointblue.org FU Eastern Prairie Population Canada Goose Committee (EPPCGC) of the Mississippi Flyway Council; U.S. Geological Survey (Cooperative Research Units); Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR); Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Manitoba Conservation; Missouri Department of Conservation (DOC); Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (GFC); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS); Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Geological Survey [64] FX This project was funded through the Eastern Prairie Population Canada Goose Committee (EPPCGC) of the Mississippi Flyway Council and the U.S. Geological Survey (Cooperative Research Units). Individual members of the EPPCGC that contributed funds included the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR), the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Manitoba Conservation, the Missouri Department of Conservation (DOC), the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (GFC), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). EPPCGC funds were passed through the Wildlife Management Institute to the University of Minnesota, and U.S. Geological Survey funds supported Research Work Order No. 64 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Agency personnel (MN DNR, IA DNR, MB Conservation, MO DOC, AR GFC, and FWS) assisted in data collection as part of annual monitoring of Eastern Prairie Population Canada Geese. Project proposals were reviewed by the Research Committee of the MFC Technical Section. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 12 AR e81029 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0081029 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 265IN UT WOS:000327944500052 PM 24312520 ER PT J AU Munoz, FA Estrada-Parra, S Romero-Rojas, A Gonzalez-Ballesteros, E Work, TM Villasenor-Gaona, H Estrada-Garcia, I AF Alberto Munoz, Fernando Estrada-Parra, Sergio Romero-Rojas, Andres Gonzalez-Ballesteros, Erik Work, Thierry M. Villasenor-Gaona, Hector Estrada-Garcia, Iris TI IMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CAPTIVE GREEN SEA TURTLE (CHELONIA MYDAS) WITH ULCERATIVE DERMATITIS SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; delayed-type hypersensitivity; heterophil:lymphocyte ratio; immunosuppression; ulcerative dermatitis ID MARINE TURTLES; CUTANEOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BLOOD-CELLS; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; CHICKENS; DISEASES; STRESS; HAWAII AB Ulcerative dermatitis (UD) is common in captive sea turtles and manifests as skin erosions and ulcers associated with gram-negative bacteria. This study compared clinically healthy and UD-affected captive turtles by evaluating hematology, histopathology, immunoglobulin levels, and delayed-type hypersensitivity assay. Turtles with UD had significantly lower weight, reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, and higher heterophil: lymphocyte ratios. This study is the first to assay DTH in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and suggests that UD is associated with immunosuppression. C1 [Alberto Munoz, Fernando] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Fac Agron, Soledad Graciano Sanchez 78321, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Estrada-Parra, Sergio; Estrada-Garcia, Iris] Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Inmunol, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. [Romero-Rojas, Andres; Gonzalez-Ballesteros, Erik] Cuautitlan Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super, Unidad Posgrado, Lab 8, Cuautitlan 54700, Estado De Mexic, Mexico. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Villasenor-Gaona, Hector] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Morfol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Munoz, FA (reprint author), Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Fac Agron, Carretera Matehuala San Luis Potosi,Km 14-5, Soledad Graciano Sanchez 78321, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. EM feralwild2@yahoo.com.mx RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU Field Veterinary Program of theWildlife Conservation Society; Immunology Department of ENCB-IPN FX The authors thank the staff of the Sea Turtle Department of Xcaret Park, especially Alex Arenas and Adriana D'Amiano, and Francisco Lopez of the Morphology Department from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, who assisted with processing the tissues. Thanks also to Mayra Perez and Jeanet Serafin of the Immunology department from the Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas-Instituto Politecnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), and Lisa Star and Bill Karesh of the Field Veterinary Program. Financial support for this study came from the Field Veterinary Program of theWildlife Conservation Society and the Immunology Department of ENCB-IPN. Mention of products and trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 44 IS 4 BP 837 EP 844 DI 10.1638/2010-0228R4.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AM1ZR UT WOS:000339648300002 PM 24450041 ER PT J AU DiVincenti, L Priest, H Walker, KJ Wyatt, JD Dittman, D AF DiVincenti, Louis, Jr. Priest, Heather Walker, Kyle J. Wyatt, Jeffrey D. Dittman, Dawn TI COMPARISON OF SELECT HEMATOLOGY AND SERUM CHEMISTRY ANALTYES BETWEEN WILD-CAUGHT AND AQUARIUM-HOUSED LAKE STURGEON (ACIPENSER FULVESCENS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Acipenser fulvescens; clinical biochemistry; hematology; reference intervals; sturgeon ID REFERENCE INTERVALS; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; PLASMA CHEMISTRY; NEW-YORK; BLOOD; BREVIROSTRUM; TEMPERATURE AB Hematology and serum chemistry analytes were compared between wild-caught and aquarium-housed lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) to potentially improve understanding of medical issues in lake sturgeon. Blood samples were taken from 30 lake sturgeon exhibited in 11 institutions in the United States and from 23 experimentally stocked lake sturgeon caught in gill nets in the lower Genesee River in Rochester, New York, USA. For hematology, only segmented neutrophil count was significantly different, with wild-caught fish having a higher number of circulating neutrophils. For clinical chemistry analytes, chloride, uric acid, calcium, phosphate, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerides, and creatine kinase were significantly different between the two cohorts. These differences are likely not clinically significant and are attributable to handling stress, variability in environmental parameters, or differences in nutritional status. This is the first report of hematology and serum chemistry values in aquarium-housed lake sturgeon and provides useful reference intervals for clinicians. C1 [DiVincenti, Louis, Jr.; Walker, Kyle J.; Wyatt, Jeffrey D.] Seneca Pk Zoo, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. [Priest, Heather] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dittman, Dawn] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP DiVincenti, L (reprint author), Seneca Pk Zoo, 2222 St Paul St, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. EM louis_divincenti@urmc.rochester.edu OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 FU Attending Veterinary Services of Western New York; Finger Lakes Region FX This study was funded by Attending Veterinary Services of Western New York and the Finger Lakes Region. This article is contribution 1773 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. The authors thank the Freshwater Fish Taxon Advisory Group (TAG) and the animal health staff at the zoos and aquariums that contributed specimens for this project (Seneca Park Zoo, Shedd Aquarium, Tennessee Aquarium, ECHO Lake Aquarium and Science Center, Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium, Toledo Zoo, Newport Aquarium, National Mississippi River Museum & Aquarium, National Aquarium at Baltimore, Audubon Aquarium of the Americas, and Aquarium of Niagara). The authors also thank Garrett Caulkins, and Robin English, of Seneca Park Zoo, Marc Chalupnicki and Emily Waldt of the USGS, and Richard DeFrancisco of Cornell University for their invaluable technical assistance. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 44 IS 4 BP 957 EP 964 DI 10.1638/2013-0024R.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AM1ZR UT WOS:000339648300016 PM 24450055 ER PT J AU Marrow, J Viner, T Thompson, R Boedeker, N AF Marrow, Judilee Viner, Tabitha Thompson, Rachel Boedeker, Nancy TI UTERINE ADENOMYOSIS IN SOUTHERN THREE-BANDED ARMADILLOS (TOLYPEUTES MATACUS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Adenomyosis; anemia; armadillo; Tolypeutes matacus; Xenarthra ID DOG AB Uterine adenomyosis was diagnosed in five southern three-banded armadillos (Tolypeutes matacus) from four different zoological collections in North America between 1995 and 2012. Two cases were diagnosed after ovariohysterectomy and histopathologic evaluation of the uteri, and the remaining cases were identified incidentally at the time of postmortem examination. Animals ranged from 5 to 14 yr of age at the time of diagnosis. Of armadillos diagnosed before postmortem examination, clinical signs included weakness, collapse, anemia, and vulvar discharge. Histopathologic evaluation of the uteri revealed well-developed, irregular endometrial glands extending into the myometrium and occasional hemorrhage within these glands. The two cases diagnosed antemortem were successfully treated with ovariohysterectomy. To the authors' knowledge, this condition has not been previously reported in Xenarthra, including armadillos. C1 [Marrow, Judilee; Viner, Tabitha; Boedeker, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Thompson, Rachel] Minnesota Zool Gardens, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA. [Viner, Tabitha] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Marrow, J (reprint author), Binder Pk Zoo, 7400 Div Dr, Battle Creek, MI 49104 USA. EM judileemarrowdvm@gmail.com NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1018 EP 1026 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AM1ZR UT WOS:000339648300024 PM 24450063 ER PT J AU Ikezaki, Y Suyama, Y Middleton, BA Tsumura, Y Teshima, K Tachida, H Kusumi, J AF Ikezaki, Yuka Suyama, Yoshihisa Middleton, Beth A. Tsumura, Yoshihiko Teshima, Kousuke Tachida, Hidenori Kusumi, Junko TI Inference of population structure of Taxodium distichum, a coniferous tree in North America, based on amplicon sequence analysis SO GENES & GENETIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ikezaki, Yuka] Kyushu Univ, Lab Evolutionary Genet, Dept Syst Life Sci, Grad Sch Syst Life Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Suyama, Yoshihisa] Tohoku Univ, Field Sci Ctr, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Middleton, Beth A.] USGS Natl Wetlands Res Cent, Lafayette, LA USA. [Tsumura, Yoshihiko] Forestry Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Teshima, Kousuke; Tachida, Hidenori] Kyushu Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Kusumi, Junko] Kyushu Univ, Dept Env Changes, Fac Social & Cultural Studies, Fukuoka 812, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU GENETICS SOC JAPAN PI SHIZUOKA-KEN PA NATIONAL INST GENETICS YATA 1111, MISHIMA, SHIZUOKA-KEN, 411-8540, JAPAN SN 1341-7568 EI 1880-5779 J9 GENES GENET SYST JI Genes Genet. Syst. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 88 IS 6 MA 3B-06 BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AJ3FW UT WOS:000337552900210 ER PT J AU Dhakal, N Fang, X Asquith, WH Cleveland, TG Thompson, DB AF Dhakal, Nirajan Fang, Xing Asquith, William H. Cleveland, Theodore G. Thompson, David B. TI Rate-Based Estimation of the Runoff Coefficients for Selected Watersheds in Texas SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Water discharge; Runoff; Hydrology; Watersheds; Texas; Coefficients; Frequency matching; Peak discharge; Rational method; Rate-based runoff coefficient; Runoff; Surface hydrology ID TIME AB The runoff coefficient, C, of the rational method is an expression of rate proportionality between rainfall intensity and peak discharge. Values of C were derived for 80 developed and undeveloped watersheds in Texas using two distinct methods. First, the rate-based runoff coefficient, Crate, was estimated for each of about 1,500 rainfall-runoff events. Second, the frequency-matching approach was used to derive a runoff coefficient, Cr, for each watershed. Published C values, Clit, or literature-based runoff coefficients were compared to those obtained from the methods investigated here. Using the 80 Texas watersheds, comparison of the two methods shows that about 75% of literature-based runoff coefficients are greater than Cr and the watershed-median Crate, but for developed watersheds with more impervious cover, literature-based runoff coefficients are less than Cr and Crate. An equation applicable to many Texas watersheds is proposed to estimate C as a function of impervious area. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000753. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Dhakal, Nirajan] Univ Maine, Sustainabil Solut Initiat, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Dhakal, Nirajan; Fang, Xing] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Asquith, William H.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Cleveland, Theodore G.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Thompson, David B.] RO Anderson Engn Inc, Minden, NV 89423 USA. RP Fang, X (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM nirajan.dhakal@maine.edu; xing.fang@auburn.edu; wasquith@usgs.gov; theodore.cleveland@ttu.edu; dthompson@roanderson.com RI Dhakal, Nirajan/H-2984-2015 FU TxDOT Research Projects [0-6070, 0-4696, 0-4193, 0-4194] FX The authors thank TxDOT project director Chuck Stead, P. E., and project monitoring advisor members for their guidance and assistance. They also express thanks to technical reviewers Jennifer Murphy and Nancy A. Barth from USGS Tennessee and California Water Science Centers, respectively, and to three anonymous reviewers; the comments and suggestions greatly improved the paper. This study was partially supported by TxDOT Research Projects 0-6070, 0-4696, 0-4193, and 0-4194. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1571 EP 1580 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000753 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AE5KC UT WOS:000334026600002 ER PT J AU Dauer, JM Perakis, SS AF Dauer, Jenny M. Perakis, Steven S. TI Contribution of Calcium Oxalate to Soil-Exchangeable Calcium SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Calcium oxalate; exchangeable Ca; soil analysis; soil calcium extraction ID FOREST SOILS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; BASE CATIONS; NITROGEN; ENVIRONMENT; PHYSIOLOGY; DEPLETION; ECOSYSTEM; NUTRIENT; CYCLES AB Acid deposition and repeated biomass harvest have decreased soil calcium (Ca) availability in many temperate forests worldwide, yet existing methods for assessing available soil Ca do not fully characterize soil Ca forms. To account for discrepancies in ecosystem Ca budgets, it has been hypothesized that the highly insoluble biomineral Ca oxalate might represent an additional soil Ca pool that is not detected in standard measures of soil-exchangeable Ca. We asked whether several standard method extractants for soil-exchangeable Ca could also access Ca held in Ca oxalate crystals using spike recovery tests in both pure solutions and soil extractions. In solutions of the extractants ammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, and barium chloride, we observed 2% to 104% dissolution of Ca oxalate crystals, with dissolution increasing with both solution molarity and ionic potential of cation extractant. In spike recovery tests using a low-Ca soil, we estimate that 1 M ammonium acetate extraction dissolved sufficient Ca oxalate to contribute an additional 52% to standard measurements of soil-exchangeable Ca. However, in a high-Ca soil, the amount of Ca oxalate spike that would dissolve in 1 M ammonium acetate extraction was difficult to detect against the large pool of exchangeable Ca. We conclude that Ca oxalate can contribute substantially to standard estimates of soil-exchangeable Ca in acid forest soils with low soil-exchangeable Ca. Consequently, measures of exchangeable Ca are unlikely to fully resolve discrepancies in ecosystem Ca mass balance unless the contribution of Ca oxalate to exchangeable Ca is also assessed. C1 [Dauer, Jenny M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Dauer, JM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jenny.dauer@unl.edu FU [NSF-DEB 0346837] FX This research was supported by NSF-DEB 0346837. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 178 IS 12 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1097/SS.0000000000000029 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AH9AI UT WOS:000336430300004 ER PT J AU Loss, SR Will, T Marra, PP AF Loss, Scott R. Will, Tom Marra, Peter P. TI Estimates of bird collision mortality at wind facilities in the contiguous United States SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE Anthropogenic mortality; Carcass sampling biases; Systematic review; Wildlife mortality; Wind energy ID ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; COMMUNICATION TOWERS; BUFFALO RIDGE; IMPACTS; WILDLIFE; TURBINE; FARMS; BAT; FATALITIES; MINNESOTA AB Wind energy has emerged as a promising alternative to fossil fuels, yet the impacts of wind facilities on wildlife remain unclear. Prior studies estimate between 10,000 and 573,000 fatal bird collisions with U.S. wind turbines annually; however, these studies do not differentiate between turbines with a monopole tower and those with a lattice tower, the former of which now comprise the vast majority of all U.S. wind turbines and the latter of which are largely being de-commissioned. We systematically derived an estimate of bird mortality for U.S. monopole turbines by applying inclusion criteria to compiled studies, identifying correlates of mortality, and utilizing a predictive model to estimate mortality along with uncertainty. Despite measures taken to increase analytical rigor, the studies we used may provide a non-random representation of all data; requiring industry reports to be made publicly available would improve understanding of wind energy impacts. Nonetheless, we estimate that between 140,000 and 328,000 (mean = 234,000) birds are killed annually by collisions with monopole turbines in the contiguous U.S. We found support for an increase in mortality with increasing turbine hub height and support for differing mortality rates among regions, with per turbine mortality lowest in the Great Plains. Evaluation of risks to birds is warranted prior to continuing a widespread shift to taller wind turbines. Regional patterns of collision risk, while not obviating the need for species-specific and local-scale assessments, may inform broad-scale decisions about wind facility siting. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Loss, Scott R.; Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Will, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Midwest Reg Off, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. RP Loss, SR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008C Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM scott.loss@okstate.edu; Tom_Will@fws.org; MarraP@si.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Institution's Postdoctoral Fellowship program FX We thank the following people and organizations for facilitating or providing access to unpublished studies: T. Bartunek, J.W. Demastes, K. Fuller, P. Kerlinger, K. Kronner, C. Machtans, D. Mason, T. Sandberg, G.D. Schnell, BHE Environmental, Curry and Kerlinger LLC., Iberdrola Renewables, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory-National Wind Technology Center. We also thank T. Alison, J. Berry, M.M.P. Huso, D.H. Johnson, T. Longcore, A. Manville, M. Parr, and A.C. Peterson for discussions and insights that benefited the study. The findings and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Smithsonian Institution, or Oklahoma State University. S.R.L. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Institution's Postdoctoral Fellowship program. NR 56 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 8 U2 118 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 168 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.007 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB8PD UT WOS:000332051600024 ER PT J AU Sleeman, JM AF Sleeman, Jonathan Mark TI Has the Time Come for Big Science in Wildlife Health? SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material DE emerging diseases; wildlife health; disease prediction; disease management; big science; One Health ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; EMERGENCE; VACCINE; DECLINE; IMPACT; RISK AB The consequences of wildlife emerging diseases are global and profound with increased burden on the public health system, negative impacts on the global economy, declines and extinctions of wildlife species, and subsequent loss of ecological integrity. Examples of health threats to wildlife include Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes a cutaneous fungal infection of amphibians and is linked to declines of amphibians globally; and the recently discovered Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destructans, the etiologic agent of white nose syndrome which has caused precipitous declines of North American bat species. Of particular concern are the novel pathogens that have emerged as they are particularly devastating and challenging to manage. A big science approach to wildlife health research is needed if we are to make significant and enduring progress in managing these diseases. The advent of new analytical models and bench assays will provide us with the mathematical and molecular tools to identify and anticipate threats to wildlife, and understand the ecology and epidemiology of these diseases. Specifically, new molecular diagnostic techniques have opened up avenues for pathogen discovery, and the application of spatially referenced databases allows for risk assessments that can assist in targeting surveillance. Long-term, systematic collection of data for wildlife health and integration with other datasets is also essential. Multidisciplinary research programs should be expanded to increase our understanding of the drivers of emerging diseases and allow for the development of better disease prevention and management tools, such as vaccines. Finally, we need to create a National Fish and Wildlife Health Network that provides the operational framework (governance, policies, procedures, etc.) by which entities with a stake in wildlife health cooperate and collaborate to achieve optimal outcomes for human, animal, and ecosystem health. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Sleeman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jsleeman@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s10393-013-0880-0 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC2VT UT WOS:000332375100002 PM 24136386 ER PT J AU Atkinson, CT Saili, KS Utzurrum, RB Jarvi, SI AF Atkinson, Carter T. Saili, Katerine S. Utzurrum, Ruth B. Jarvi, Susan I. TI Experimental Evidence for Evolved Tolerance to Avian Malaria in a Wild Population of Low Elevation Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; Hawai'i 'Amakihi; Plasmodium relictum; honeycreeper; climate change; adaptation; tolerance ID PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEME OXYGENASE-1; BORNE DISEASES; LAND-USE; RESISTANCE; BIRDS; HONEYCREEPERS; PATHOGENICITY AB Introduced vector-borne diseases, particularly avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) and avian pox virus (Avipoxvirus spp.), continue to play significant roles in the decline and extinction of native forest birds in the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian honeycreepers are particularly susceptible to avian malaria and have survived into this century largely because of persistence of high elevation refugia on Kaua'i, Maui, and Hawai'i Islands, where transmission is limited by cool temperatures. The long term stability of these refugia is increasingly threatened by warming trends associated with global climate change. Since cost effective and practical methods of vector control in many of these remote, rugged areas are lacking, adaptation through processes of natural selection may be the best long-term hope for recovery of many of these species. We document emergence of tolerance rather than resistance to avian malaria in a recent, rapidly expanding low elevation population of Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) on the island of Hawai'i. Experimentally infected low elevation birds had lower mortality, lower reticulocyte counts during recovery from acute infection, lower weight loss, and no declines in food consumption relative to experimentally infected high elevation Hawai'i 'Amakihi in spite of similar intensities of infection. Emergence of this population provides an exceptional opportunity for determining physiological mechanisms and genetic markers associated with malaria tolerance that can be used to evaluate whether other, more threatened species have the capacity to adapt to this disease. C1 [Atkinson, Carter T.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Saili, Katerine S.; Utzurrum, Ruth B.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Jarvi, Susan I.] Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Saili, Katerine S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Utzurrum, Ruth B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wildlife & Sport Fish Restorat Program, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Atkinson, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM catkinson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program; NSF [DEB 0083944] FX We thank numerous former interns for assistance with capture and care of experimental birds, Amy Savage and Christy Wykoff for technical assistance caring for birds and collecting data during the experiment, and Kathy Jurist and Leayne Patch-Highfill for assistance with data summary and analysis. This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program and NSF Grant DEB 0083944. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 11 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 366 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s10393-013-0899-2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC2VT UT WOS:000332375100007 PM 24430825 ER PT J AU Brand, CJ AF Brand, Christopher J. TI Wildlife Mortality Investigation and Disease Research: Contributions of the USGS National Wildlife Health Center to Endangered Species Management and Recovery SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Review DE endangered species; disease; mortality; management; recovery; emerging diseases; diagnostic; vaccination ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; AVIAN VACUOLAR MYELINOPATHY; FERRETS MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; DUCKS ANAS-LAYSANENSIS; INCLUSION BODY DISEASE; PRAIRIE DOGS CYNOMYS; F1-V FUSION PROTEIN; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; EXTINCTION AB The U. S. Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) provides diagnostic services, technical assistance, applied research, and training to federal, state, territorial, and local government agencies and Native American tribes on wildlife diseases and wildlife health issues throughout the United States and its territories, commonwealth, and freely associated states. Since 1975, > 16,000 carcasses and specimens from vertebrate species listed under the Endangered Species Act have been submitted to NWHC for determination of causes of morbidity or mortality or assessment of health/disease status. Results from diagnostic investigations, analyses of the diagnostic database, technical assistance and consultation, field investigation of epizootics, and wildlife disease research by NWHC wildlife disease specialists have contributed importantly to the management and recovery of listed species. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Brand, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM cbrand@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 446 EP 454 DI 10.1007/s10393-013-0897-4 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC2VT UT WOS:000332375100014 PM 24419670 ER PT J AU Soniat, TM Conzelmann, CP Byrd, JD Roszell, DP Bridevaux, JL Suir, KJ Colley, SB AF Soniat, Thomas M. Conzelmann, Craig P. Byrd, Jason D. Roszell, Dustin P. Bridevaux, Joshua L. Suir, Kevin J. Colley, Susan B. TI PREDICTING THE EFFECTS OF PROPOSED MISSISSIPPI RIVER DIVERSIONS ON OYSTER HABITAT QUALITY; APPLICATION OF AN OYSTER HABITAT SUITABILITY INDEX MODEL SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crassostrea virginica; oysters; freshwater; diversions; coastal erosion; habitat quality; habitat suitability index; modeling; Mississippi River; Louisiana ID LOUISIANA; SALINITY; FLOW AB In an attempt to decelerate the rate of coastal erosion and wetland loss, and protect human communities, the state of Louisiana developed its Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast. The master plan proposes a combination of restoration efforts including shoreline protection, marsh creation, sediment diversions, and ridge, barrier island, and hydrological restoration. Coastal restoration projects, particularly the large-scale diversions of fresh water from the Mississippi River, needed to supply sediment to an eroding coast potentially impact oyster populations and oyster habitat. An oyster habitat suitability index model is presented that evaluates the effects of a proposed sediment and freshwater diversion into Lower Breton Sound. Voluminous freshwater, needed to suspend and broadly distribute river sediment, will push optimal salinities for oysters seaward and beyond many of the existing reefs. Implementation and operation of the Lower Breton Sound diversion structure as proposed would render about 6,173 ha of hard bottom immediately east of the Mississippi River unsuitable for the sustained cultivation of oysters. If historical harvests are to be maintained in this region, a massive and unprecedented effort to relocate private leases and restore oyster bottoms would be required. Habitat suitability index model results indicate that the appropriate location for such efforts are to the east and north of the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet. C1 [Soniat, Thomas M.; Colley, Susan B.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Soniat, Thomas M.] Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Conzelmann, Craig P.; Suir, Kevin J.] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Byrd, Jason D.; Bridevaux, Joshua L.] Five Rivers Serv LLC, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. [Roszell, Dustin P.] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, IAP World Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Soniat, TM (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, 2000 Lakeshore Dr, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM tsoniat@uno.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 33 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 629 EP 638 DI 10.2983/035.032.0302 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB1MA UT WOS:000331554700002 ER PT J AU Flowerdew, MJ Whitehouse, MJ Stoeser, DB AF Flowerdew, Michael J. Whitehouse, Martin J. Stoeser, Douglas B. TI The Nabitah fault zone, Saudi Arabia: A Pan-African suture separating juvenile oceanic arcs SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arabian-Nubian Shield; Geochronology; Gondwana; Pb isotopes ID U-TH-PB; NUBIAN SHIELD; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; LEAD-ISOTOPE; ISLAND ARCS; MICROPLATE ACCRETION; CRUSTAL ACCRETION; KHIDA TERRANE; EAST; EVOLUTION AB U-Pb zircon ion-microprobe geochronology, whole rock geochemistry and feldspar Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic analyses carried out on granitoid rocks along a transect across the Nabitah fault zone suggest that it separates two juvenile oceanic arc terranes which differ in age and geochemical character. The Tathlith-Malahah terrane situated to the east of the fault zone comprises the Tathlith arc which developed through an older volcanic and sedimentary succession. Plutonic rocks associated with the Tathlith arc formed between c. 700-670 Ma and are younger than those from the 750-720 Ma Tarib arc within the Al Qarah terrane, situated to the west of the fault zone. Intrusions from both the Tarib and Tathlith arcs have positive epsilon Nd values and feldspar Pb signatures that are consistent with juvenile crustal additions. A tectonic model is presented for the evolution of the Nabitah fault zone: the Tathlith arc developed on and through the Tarib fore arc as a consequence of subduction roll back. Back arc spreading, promoted by collision of a continental mass to the south, created a separate Tathlith-Malahah terrane. Continued convergence of the continent inverted the back arc basin and counter-clockwise rotation formed the Nabitah fault zone. The fault zone does not represent a major suture zone between the western juvenile arc terranes and the more evolved eastern arc and continental terranes, as had previously been speculated. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Flowerdew, Michael J.; Whitehouse, Martin J.] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Stoeser, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Flowerdew, MJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, CASP, West Bldg,181A Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DH, England. EM michael.flowerdew@gmail.com FU VR post-doctoral stipend [G 630-310/2001]; Saudi Arabian Geological Survey; Nordic Research Councils (NOS-N); Geological Survey of Finland; Swedish Museum of Natural History FX MJF acknowledges support from the VR post-doctoral stipend G 630-310/2001 awarded to MJW. The Saudi Arabian Geological Survey is thanked for their support and for making fieldwork possible and Dwight L. Schmidt for supplying additional samples. The NORDSIM facility in Stockholm is operated under an agreement between the joint Nordic Research Councils (NOS-N), the Geological Survey of Finland and the Swedish Museum of Natural History. This is NORDSIM contribution 344. Comments from two journal reviewers and volume editor Vicky Pease have improved the clarity of this contribution and their efforts are greatly appreciated. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 EI 1872-7433 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 239 SI SI BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2013.08.004 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AB0KT UT WOS:000331481500007 ER PT J AU Moore, PE van Wagtendonk, JW Yee, JL McClaran, MP Cole, DN McDougald, NK Brooks, ML AF Moore, Peggy E. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Yee, Julie L. McClaran, Mitchel P. Cole, David N. McDougald, Neil K. Brooks, Matthew L. TI NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY OF SUBALPINE MEADOWS IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK IN RELATION TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PLANT-GROWTH; TUNDRA; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; HABITAT AB Subalpine meadows are some of the most ecologically important components of mountain landscapes, and primary productivity is important to the maintenance of meadow functions. Understanding how changes in primary productivity are associated with variability in moisture and temperature will become increasingly important with current and anticipated changes in climate. Our objective was to describe patterns and variability in aboveground live vascular plant biomass in relation to climatic factors. We harvested aboveground biomass at peak growth from four 64-m(2) plots each in xeric, mesic, and hydric meadows annually from 1994 to 2000. Data from nearby weather stations provided independent variables of spring snow water content, snow-free date, and thawing degree days for a cumulative index of available energy. We assembled these climatic variables into a set of mixed effects analysis of covariance models to evaluate their relationships with annual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), and we used an information theoretic approach to compare the quality of fit among candidate models. ANPP in the xeric meadow was negatively related to snow water content and thawing degree days and in the mesic meadow was negatively related to snow water content. Relationships between ANPP and these 2 covariates in the hydric meadow were not significant. Increasing snow water content may limit ANPP in these meadows if anaerobic conditions delay microbial activity and nutrient availability. Increased thawing degree days may limit ANPP in xeric meadows by prematurely depleting soil moisture. Large within-year variation of ANPP in the hydric meadow limited sensitivity to the climatic variables. These relationships suggest that, under projected wanner and drier conditions, ANPP will increase in mesic meadows but remain unchanged in xeric meadows because declines associated with increased temperatures would offset the increases from decreased snow water content. C1 [Moore, Peggy E.; van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Yee, Julie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [McClaran, Mitchel P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cole, David N.] Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [McDougald, Neil K.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Madeia, CA 93637 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. RP Moore, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, 5083 Foresta Rd, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. EM peggy_moore@usgs.gov FU Yosemite Conservancy; USDA Forest Service; Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute; Student Conservation Association; National Park Service FX This work was supported by the Yosemite Conservancy, the USDA Forest Service, the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, the Student Conservation Association, and the National Park Service. Manuscript production was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Status & Trends Program. We are grateful for field assistance from Vanessa Barger, Mary Ellen Colberg, Marie Denn, Susan Elliott, Sunny Fross, Michael Hentz, Katie Hughes, Vanessa Johnson, Jolie Kates, Lindsey Kiesz, Andrew McCall, Holly Nielsen, Kasmira Rak, Carmela Rios, Renee Rivers, Samuel Simkin, John Staight, Wendy Stevens, Auric Thole, and Margaret Willits. We are also grateful to Thomas Stohlgren and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2013 VL 73 IS 4 BP 409 EP 418 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9JS UT WOS:000331410200002 ER PT J AU Beard, KH Faulhaber, CA Howe, FP Edwards, TC AF Beard, Karen H. Faulhaber, Craig A. Howe, Frank P. Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. TI RODENT-MEDIATED INTERACTIONS AMONG SEED SPECIES OF DIFFERING QUALITY IN A SHRUBSTEPPE ECOSYSTEM SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ASSOCIATIONAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; APPARENT COMPETITION; ORYZOPSIS-HYMENOIDES; SELECTIVE PREDATION; GRANIVOROUS RODENTS; HETEROMYID RODENTS; WITHIN-PATCH; SHARED DOOM; PLANT AB Interactions among seeds, mediated by granivorous rodents, are likely to play a strong role in shrubsteppe ecosystem restoration. Past studies typically consider only pairwise interactions between preferred and less preferred seed species, whereas rangeland seedings are likely to contain more than 2 seed species, potentially leading to complex interactions. We examined how the relative proportion of seeds in a 3-species polyculture changes rodent seed selectivity (i.e., removal) and indirect interactions among seeds. We presented 2 rodent species, Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mice) and Perognathus perms (pocket mice), in arenas with 3-species seed mixtures that varied in the proportion of a highly preferred, moderately preferred, and least preferred seed species, based on preferences determined in this study. We then conducted a field experiment in a pocket mouse-dominated ecosystem with the same 3-species seed mixtures in both "treated" (reduced shrub and increased forb cover) and "untreated" shrubsteppe. In the arena experiment, we found that rodents removed more of the highly preferred seed when the proportions of all 3 seeds were equal. Moderately preferred seeds experienced increased removal when the least preferred seed was in highest proportion. Removal of the least preferred seed increased when the highly preferred seed was in highest proportion. In the field experiment, results were similar to those from the arena experiment and did not differ between treated and untreated shrubsteppe areas. Though our results suggest that 3-species mixtures induce complex interactions among seeds, managers applying these results to restoration efforts should carefully consider the rodent community present and the potential fate of removed seeds. C1 [Beard, Karen H.; Howe, Frank P.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Beard, Karen H.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Faulhaber, Craig A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Ocala, FL 34471 USA. [Howe, Frank P.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Beard, KH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.beard@usu.edu RI Beard, Karen/B-7177-2011 FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Utah Department of Natural Resources-Endangered Species Mitigation Fund; Natural Resources Conservation Service; Quinney Foundation; United States Geological Service; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Great Basin Research Center via Pittman-Robertson Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Grant [W-82-R]; BLM; USDA Forest Service; Rich County Coordinated Resource Management Group FX Research was funded in part by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, the Utah Department of Natural Resources-Endangered Species Mitigation Fund, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Quinney Foundation, and the United States Geological Service. Funding also came through the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Great Basin Research Center via Pittman-Robertson Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Grant W-82-R. We thank the BLM, the USDA Forest Service, the Rich County Coordinated Resource Management Group, and local landowners for support; R. Norvell, J. Ripplinger, J.A. MacMahon, J. Martin, TA. Monaco, and G. Oliver for technical and logistical support; S.M. Ostoja, S.K.M. Ernest, and R.J. Ryel for helpful advice; R. Choi and C. Olson for statistical analyses; J.H. Welch, S.N. Casebolt, E.A. Fuerst, D.S. Green, C.M.J. Hiher, and J.D. Wood for field assistance; and D.S. Green, J.T. Cheney, G.F. Diamond, J. Gibson, and M. Warren for lab assistance. Mention of any product by name does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. Research was conducted under Utah State University IACUC Permit #1316. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 27 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2013 VL 73 IS 4 BP 426 EP 441 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9JS UT WOS:000331410200004 ER PT J AU Valdez, EW Cryan, PM AF Valdez, Ernest W. Cryan, Paul M. TI INSECT PREY EATEN BY HOARY BATS (LASIURUS CINEREUS) PRIOR TO FATAL COLLISIONS WITH WIND TURBINES SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FOOD-HABITS; PIPISTRELLUS-NATHUSII; AUTUMN MIGRATION; VESPERTILIONIDAE; HYPOTHESES; CHIROPTERA; STRATEGY; DIET AB Wind turbines are being deployed all across the world to meet the growing demand for energy, and in many areas, these turbines are causing the deaths of insectivorous migratory bats. One of the hypothesized causes of bat susceptibility is that bats are attracted to insects on or near the turbines. We examined insect remains in the stomachs and intestines of hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) found dead beneath wind turbines in New York and Texas to evaluate the hypothesis that bats die while feeding at turbines. Most of the bats we examined had full stomachs, indicating that they fed in the minutes to hours leading up to their deaths. However, we did not find prey in the mouths or throats of any bats that would indicate the bats died while capturing prey. Hoary bats fed mostly on moths, but we also detected the regular presence of beetles, true bugs, and crickets. Presence of terrestrial insects in stomachs indicates that bats may have gleaned them from the ground or the turbine surfaces, yet aerial capture of winged insect stages cannot be ruled out. Our findings confirm earlier studies that indicate hoary bats feed during migration and eat mostly moths. Future studies on bat behaviors and insect presence at wind turbines could help determine whether feeding at turbines is a major fatality risk for bats. C1 [Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Arid Lands Field Stn,Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Valdez, EW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Arid Lands Field Stn,Dept Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ernie@usgs.gov OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USGS Fort Collins Science Center FX This research was funded in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the USGS Fort Collins Science Center. This work would not have been possible without the help of A. Hicks, L. Slobodnik, and the late A. Linehan. We thank E.A. Snider for her invaluable assistance in the field and A. Englert for help processing bats in the laboratory. The following people and organizations helped us obtain bat carcasses, for which we are grateful: D. Adams, R. Bennett, C. Brown, L. Brown, R. Carnie, D. Crandall, Curry and Kerlinger LLC, A. Fuerst, N. Gill, M. Gilmore, C. Goodman, C. Hansen, A. Harte, B. Hastings, K. Herzog, A. Hicks, J. Histed, Horizon Wind Energy, Iberdrola Renewables, J. Jackson, T. Kidd, J. Kirch, M. Lehman, S. Lehman, J. Lieb, A. Lyndaker, L. Lynn, P McCarthy, J. Meachum, M. Milholland, T Nash, Noble Environmental Power, S. Occonor, L. Packer, S. Pageau, D. Pursell, J. Quant, K. Russell, H. Trudell, and L. Vigneault. Thanks to K.B. Miller, S. Brantley, and D. Lightfoot for their insight and assistance in the identification of select insects. We are grateful for the use of reference material housed in the Arthropod Division of the Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico. Any use of trade product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 39 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2013 VL 73 IS 4 BP 516 EP 524 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9JS UT WOS:000331410200011 ER PT J AU Lopez, T Fee, D Prata, F Dehn, J AF Lopez, Taryn Fee, David Prata, Fred Dehn, Jonathan TI Characterization and interpretation of volcanic activity at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, using observations of infrasound, volcanic emissions, and thermal imagery SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Karymsky volcano; infrasound; volcanic emissions; thermal imagery; Multiparameter; conduit permeability ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; EXPLOSIVE ACTIVITY; GAS-COMPOSITION; DEGASSING EXPLOSIONS; STROMBOLI-VOLCANO; ERUPTIVE ACTIVITY; INFRARED CAMERA; SO2 EMISSIONS; OPTICAL DEPTH; LAVA DOME AB A multiparameter data set including measurements of infrasound, volcanic emissions, and thermal imagery is used to characterize and interpret diverse volcanic activity observed during field campaigns in August 2011 and July 2012 at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Four activity types are visually identified and characterized according to: SO2 emission rate, ash mass, event duration, peak temperature, thermal radiation energy, infrasound onset and frequency, reduced infrasonic pressure, and acoustic energy. These activity types include: (1) ash explosions, (2) pulsatory degassing, (3) gas jetting, and (4) explosive eruption. Unique infrasound signals are associated with all four activity types suggesting that infrasound can be used to help remotely and continuously detect and characterize volcanic activity at Karymsky and other similar volcanoes. Our observations suggest that SO2 is emitted continuously, though in varying abundance, while ash is emitted discontinuously and is only associated with certain types of activity. Our data set supports previous models that attribute variations in surface activity to changes in conduit permeability at Karymsky Volcano. Evidence for a decrease in conduit permeability as a trigger for ash explosions and explosive eruption activity types is supported by weakened but still detectable SO2 emission rates prior to eruption, along with the highly impulsive infrasonic onset and large reduced infrasound pressure indicating high pressure at the vent. We speculate that changes in conduit permeability at Karymsky Volcano result from changes in magma supply from the shallow-crustal storage region though additional measurements are required to validate this hypothesis. C1 [Lopez, Taryn; Dehn, Jonathan] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Prata, Fred] Norweigen Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. RP Lopez, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tlopez@gi.alaska.edu OI Lopez, Taryn/0000-0001-6831-4573 FU UAF Geophysical Institute; Alaska Space Grant Consortium; NSF [EAR-1113294]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08NWS4680044] FX We would like to thank Jeff Johnson and an anonymous reviewer for constructive reviews that significantly improved this manuscript. We would like to acknowledge Sergey Ushakov, Pavel Firstov, Evgeniy Makhmudov, Sergey Samoilenko, Evgenii Makatov, Olga Khubaeva, and Sergey Serovetnikov for field and logistical support that made this experiment possible. We thank Rick Wessels, for assistance with the FLIR instrument, Colin Rowell, and Robin Matoza for assistance with data collection and figure generation, and Dima Melnikov for sharing the ALI image used in Figure 1b. This manuscript benefited from scientific discussions with Pavel Izbekov, Robin Matoza, Sergey Samoilenko, Jessica Larsen, Pavel Firstov, Colin Rowell, Bo Galle, Santiago Arellano, as well as constructive early reviews by Cindy Werner, Rainer Newberry, Cathy Cahill, and Bill Simpson. This project was supported by the UAF Geophysical Institute, the Alaska Space Grant Consortium, and NSF grant EAR-1113294. This effort was partially funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Specific Cooperative Agreement NA08NWS4680044. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 14 IS 12 BP 5106 EP 5127 DI 10.1002/2013GC004817 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA1CI UT WOS:000330833500009 ER PT J AU Klein, EM White, SM Nunnery, JA Mason-Stack, JL Wanless, VD Perfit, MR Waters, CL Sims, KWW Fornari, DJ Zaino, AJ Ridley, WI AF Klein, Emily M. White, Scott M. Nunnery, James Andrew Mason-Stack, Jessica L. Wanless, V. Dorsey Perfit, Michael R. Waters, Christopher L. Sims, Kenneth W. W. Fornari, Daniel J. Zaino, Anne J. Ridley, W. Ian TI Seafloor photo-geology and sonar terrain modeling at the 9 degrees N overlapping spreading center, East Pacific Rise SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE mid-ocean ridge; overlapping spreading center; melt lens; axial magma chamber; dike; ocean crust ID UPPER CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; MELT SUPPLY BENEATH; DE-FUCA RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES; TECTONIC SEGMENTATION; ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS; NORTH ICELAND; MAGMA BENEATH; NE ICELAND AB A fundamental goal in the study of mid-ocean ridges is to understand the relationship between the distribution of melt at depth and seafloor features. Building on geophysical information on subsurface melt at the 9 degrees N overlapping spreading center on the East Pacific Rise, we use terrain modeling (DSL-120A side scan and bathymetry), photo-geology (Jason II and WHOI TowCam), and geochemical data to explore this relationship. Terrain modeling identified four distinct geomorphic provinces with common seafloor characteristics that correspond well to changes in subsurface melt distribution. Visual observations were used to interpret terrain modeling results and to establish a relative seafloor age scale, calibrated with radiometric age dates, to identify areas of recent volcanism. On the east limb, recent eruptions in the north are localized over the margins of the 4 km wide asymmetric melt sill, forming a prominent off-axis pillow ridge. Along the southern east limb, recent eruptions occur along a neovolcanic ridge that hugs the overlap basin and lies several kilometers west of the plunging melt sill. Our results suggest that long-term southward migration of the east limb occurs through a series of diking events with a net southward propagation direction. Examining sites of recent eruptions in the context of geophysical data on melt distribution in the crust and upper mantle suggests melt may follow complex paths from depth to the surface. Overall, our findings emphasize the value of integrating information obtained from photo-geology, terrain modeling, lava geochemistry and petrography, and geophysics to constrain the nature of melt delivery at mid-ocean ridges. C1 [Klein, Emily M.; Nunnery, James Andrew; Zaino, Anne J.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [White, Scott M.; Mason-Stack, Jessica L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Wanless, V. Dorsey; Fornari, Daniel J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Perfit, Michael R.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Waters, Christopher L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sims, Kenneth W. W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ridley, W. Ian] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mineral Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Klein, EM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM ek4@duke.edu RI White, Scott/C-5339-2009 OI White, Scott/0000-0002-5123-5307 FU National Science Foundation; RIDGE2000 program [OCE0526120, OCE0525872, OCE0527075, OCE 052705300] FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Atlantis, the Woods Hole Deep Submergence Laboratory, and the Hawaii Mapping Research Group for enabling a successful cruise. We are grateful to S. Carbotte, T. Becker, and an anonymous reviewer for their thorough reviews, and to G. Kent, S. Carbotte, J. Karson, S. Webb, and Y. Zha for fruitful discussions. J. Jensen provided helpful advice and support on the classification methods. We note with sadness the passing of Karen Von Damm, our dear friend, colleague, and co-investigator in this work. The National Science Foundation and the RIDGE2000 program supported this work through grants OCE0526120 to E. M. K., OCE0525872 to S. M. W., OCE0527075 to M. R. P., and OCE 052705300 to K.W.W.S. NR 86 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 14 IS 12 BP 5146 EP 5170 DI 10.1002/2013GC004858 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA1CI UT WOS:000330833500011 ER PT J AU McWilliams, CK Kunk, MJ Wintsch, RP Bish, DL AF McWilliams, Cory K. Kunk, Michael J. Wintsch, Robert P. Bish, David L. TI DETERMINING AGES OF MULTIPLE MUSCOVITE-BEARING FOLIATIONS IN PHYLLONITES USING THE Ar-40/Ar-89 STEP HEATING METHOD: APPLICATIONS TO THE ALLEGHANIAN OROGENY IN CENTRAL NEW ENGLAND SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ar-40/Ar-59 step heating; phyllonites; Alleghanian orogeny; Connecticut Valley Gaspe trough; Bronson Hill anticlinorium ID CONNECTICUT VALLEY-GASPE; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NORTHERN APPALACHIANS; CLEAVAGE FORMATION; EASTERN VERMONT; WHITE MICA; EVOLUTION; MONAZITE; USA; GEOCHRONOLOGY AB New Ar-40/Ar-39 data from chlorite-gade phyllonites in central New England demonstrate the effectiveness of the Ar-40/Ar-39 step heating method to date bulk separates containing multiple age populations of white mica. Detailed optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) petrography of phyllonites collected along the Westminster West fault zone separating the Connecticut Valley Gaspe trough from the Bronson Hill anticlinorium shows that white mica and chlorite defining younger cleavages are recrystallized. The phyllonites are the product of retrograde shearing of higher-grade phyllites west of the fault zone. Samples dominated by two age populations outside of the fault zone yield minimum cooling ages and maximum growth ages. However, at low metamorphic grade, Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of white micas from the fault zone yields crystallization ages rather than cooling ages, constraining the timing of the latest movement of the fault zone. Ar-40/Ar-39 analyses using the step heating method indicate that west of the fault zone, muscovite cooling ages cluster at similar to 365 Ma, suggesting cooling from Devonian (Acadian) metamorphism. To the east, Ar-40/Ar-39 analysis yields a muscovite cooling age of similar to 318 Ma, suggesting cooling from a younger metamorphic event. In contrast, age steps from samples on the margins of the fault zone climb from minima of 306 Ma to >340 Ma, reflecting a mixture of phyllonitic micas <= 306 Ma with relict Acadian muscovite cooling ages. A sample from the core of the fault zone yields a white mica age similar to 300 Ma. These results illustrate the usefulness of the Ar-40/Ar-39 step heating method on bulk mineral separates regardless of complications arising from multiple age populations. Moreover, the data suggest that the boundary between the Connecticut Valley Gaspe trough (CVGT) and the Bronson Hill anticlinorium was likely a site of significant strain localization in late Pennsylvanian to early Permian times. These results imply that Late Paleozoic (Alleghanian) deformation, so well documented in coastal and southern New England, was transmitted across the composite Avalon-Ganderia crustal block to the boundary with Laurentian crust (underlying the CVGT) as far north as southeastern Vermont. C1 [McWilliams, Cory K.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX 77002 USA. [Kunk, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wintsch, Robert P.; Bish, David L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP McWilliams, CK (reprint author), Chevron Energy Technol Co, 1200 Louisiana St, Houston, TX 77002 USA. EM CoryMcWilliams@chevron.com FU Geological Society of America; New England Intercollegiate Geologic Conference Marland Pratt Billings and Katharine Fowler-Billings Fund for Research in New England Geology; United States Geological Survey mapping program; Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University; National Science Foundation [EAR-0510293] FX The authors would like to thank G. Walsh, B. Burton, S. Castonguay, F. Spear, and P. J. Thompson for reviews of earlier drafts that greatly improved this paper. Thanks to L. Bucklin for help in the rock preparation laboratory, C. Li for help with the electron microprobe, and R. George for help with 40Ar/89Ar sample preparation and analysis. This study benefited from helpful discussions with M. Attenoukon, M. Growdon, J. Kim, and D. Rankin. Special thanks to F. Spear and J. Cheney for their gracious collaborations and discussions regarding their work on the "Big Staurolite nappe" which inspired this research. This research was partially supported by the Geological Society of America Grants in Aid of Research, the New England Intercollegiate Geologic Conference Marland Pratt Billings and Katharine Fowler-Billings Fund for Research in New England Geology, the United States Geological Survey mapping program, the Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, and a National Science Foundation grant EAR-0510293 to Wintsch and Dorais. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 313 IS 10 BP 996 EP 1016 DI 10.2475/10.2013.02 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 299TN UT WOS:000330418700002 ER PT J AU Growdon, ML Kunk, MJ Wintsch, RP Walsh, GJ AF Growdon, Martha L. Kunk, Michael J. Wintsch, Robert P. Walsh, Gregory J. TI TELESCOPING METAMORPHIC ISOGRADS: EVIDENCE FROM Ar-40/Ar-39 DATING IN THE ORANGE-MILFORD BELT, SOUTHERN CONNECTICUT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alleghanian overprint; compressed isograds; polymetamorphism; Ar-40/Ar-39 thermochronology ID NEW-ENGLAND APPALACHIANS; T-T PATHS; BARROVIAN METAMORPHISM; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; FLUID-FLOW; CARBONATE ROCKS; WEPAWAUG SCHIST; MARITIMES BASIN; MASS-TRANSFER; USA AB New Ar-40/Ar-39 ages for hornblende and muscovite from the Orange-Milford belt in southern Connecticut reflect cooling from Acadian amphibolite fades metamorphism between similar to 380 to 360 Ma followed by retrograde recrystallization of fabric-forming muscovite and chlorite during lower greenschist facies Alleghanian transpression at similar to 280 Ma. Reported field temperature and pressure gradients are improbably high for these rocks and a NW metamorphic field gradient climbing from chlorite-grade to staurolite-grade occurs over less than 5 km. Simple tilting cannot account for this compressed isograd spacing given the geothermal gradient of similar to 20 degrees C/km present at the time of regional metamorphism. However, post-metamorphic transpression could effectively telescope the isograds by stretching the belt at an oblique angle to the isograd traces. Textures in the field and in thin section reveal several older prograde schistosities overprinted by lower greenschist facies fabrics. The late cleavages commonly occur at the scale of similar to 100 mu m and these samples contain multiple age populations of white mica. Ar-40/Ar-39 analysis of these poly-metamorphic samples with mixed muscovite populations yield climbing or U-shaped age spectra. The ages of the low temperature steps are late Paleozoic, while the ages of the older steps are late Devonian. These results support our petrologic interpretation that the younger cleavage developed under metamorphic conditions below the closure temperature for Ar diffusion in muscovite, that is, in the lower greenschist facies. The correlation of a younger regionally reproducible age population with a pervasive retrograde muscovite +/- chlorite cleavage reveals an Alleghanian (similar to 280 Ma) overprint on the Acadian metamorphic gradient (similar to 380 Ma). Outcrop-scale structures including drag folds and imbricate boudins suggest that Alleghanian deformation and cleavage development occurred in response to dextral transpression along a northeast striking boundary. Alleghanian oblique collision of accreting terranes from the northeast would have resulted in northeast-southwest dextral transpression against the New York promontory. This deformation was responsible for crystallization of pervasive retrograde muscovite + chlorite cleavages and associated telescoping of the Acadian metamorphic isograds in southern Connecticut at similar to 280 Ma. C1 [Growdon, Martha L.] SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. [Kunk, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wintsch, Robert P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Walsh, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. RP Growdon, ML (reprint author), SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 209 Sci Bldg 1, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. EM martha.growdon@gmail.com FU NSF [EAR-9909410, EAR-0510857]; Indiana University Department of Geological Sciences FX We thank Laura Jones and Brooks Proctor for help with field work and the Calhoun family in Bethany, Connecticut for providing a home away from home during the field season, and Drs. Chusi Li and Juergen Scheiber for help with EMP and SEM analyses at Indiana University. We are grateful to Ryan McAleer, Dr. Cory McWilliams, Dr. Rebecca Stokes, and Miriam Attenoukon for helpful discussions. This work benefited greatly from constructive reviews by Drs. Dyk Eusden, Chris Hepburn, and Penelope Lancaster and discussions with and input from Dr. Jay Ague. We are especially grateful for access to samples JAW35A and JAW49A, for his help with field locations, his expertise in the field area, his organization of field trips to crucial outcrops in the field area, and for helpful discussions about this research. We acknowledge partial support from NSF grant EAR-9909410 and EAR-0510857 to Wintsch and Dorais, and from the Indiana University Department of Geological Sciences. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 313 IS 10 BP 1017 EP 1053 DI 10.2475/10.2013.03 PG 37 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 299TN UT WOS:000330418700003 ER PT J AU Irwin, BJ Conroy, MJ AF Irwin, Brian J. Conroy, Michael J. TI Consideration of reference points for the management of renewable resources under an adaptive management paradigm SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE decision support; natural resource management; structured decision making; uncertainty ID STRUCTURED DECISION-MAKING; SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; HARVEST CONTROL RULES; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; STRATEGY EVALUATION; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; YELLOW PERCH; UNCERTAINTY; CONSERVATION; POLICIES AB The success of natural resource management depends on monitoring, assessment and enforcement. In support of these efforts, reference points (RPs) are often viewed as critical values of management-relevant indicators. This paper considers RPs from the standpoint of objective-driven decision making in dynamic resource systems, guided by principles of structured decision making (SDM) and adaptive resource management (AM). During the development of natural resource policy, RPs have been variously treated as either 'targets' or 'triggers'. Under a SDM/ AM paradigm, target RPs correspond approximately to value-based objectives, which may in turn be either of fundamental interest to stakeholders or intermediaries to other central objectives. By contrast, trigger RPs correspond to decision rules that are presumed to lead to desirable outcomes (such as the programme targets). Casting RPs as triggers or targets within a SDM framework is helpful towards clarifying why (or whether) a particular metric is appropriate. Further, the benefits of a SDM/ AM process include elucidation of underlying untested assumptions that mayreveal alternative metrics for use as RPs. Likewise, a structured decision-analytic framework may also reveal that failure to achieve management goals is not because the metrics are wrong, but because the decision-making process in which they are embedded is insufficiently robust to uncertainty, is not efficiently directed at producing a resource objective, or is incapable of adaptation to new knowledge. C1 [Irwin, Brian J.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Conroy, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Irwin, BJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM irwin@uga.edu FU SE Climate Science Center (USGS); National Park Monitoring Program (USGS); US Geological Survey; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; US Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Clint Moore, Julien Martin, and two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that substantially improved this manuscript. We thank Michael Jones for motivating Figure 1 and Cecil Jennings for proposing Figure 3. We thank the SE Climate Science Center (USGS) and the National Park Monitoring Program (USGS) for support. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the US Geological Survey, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 40 IS 4 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1017/S0376892913000222 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 299BJ UT WOS:000330369300002 ER PT J AU Jarvi, SI Farias, ME Lapointe, DA Belcaid, M Atkinson, CT AF Jarvi, S. I. Farias, M. E. Lapointe, D. A. Belcaid, M. Atkinson, C. T. TI Next-generation sequencing reveals cryptic mtDNA diversity of Plasmodium relictum in the Hawaiian Islands SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mtDNA; avian malaria; Hawaii; Plasmodium relictum; next generation sequencing; Integroomer ID CYTOCHROME-B LINEAGES; MALARIA PARASITES; AVIAN MALARIA; ATOVAQUONE RESISTANCE; FOREST BIRDS; TRAP GENE; FALCIPARUM; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; AMAKIHI AB Next-generation 454 sequencing techniques were used to re-examine diversity of mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages of avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) in Hawaii. We document a minimum of 23 variant lineages of the parasite based on single nucleotide transitional changes, in addition to the previously reported single lineage (GRW4). A new, publicly available portal (Integroomer) was developed for initial parsing of 454 datasets. Mean variant prevalence and frequency was higher in low elevation Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) with Avipoxvirus-like lesions (P = 0.001), suggesting that the variants may be biologically distinct. By contrast, variant prevalence and frequency did not differ significantly among mid-elevation Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) with or without lesions (P = 0.691). The low frequency and the lack of detection of variants independent of GRW4 suggest that multiple independent introductions of P. relictum to Hawaii are unlikely. Multiple variants may have been introduced in heteroplasmy with GRW4 or exist within the tandem repeat structure of the mitochondrial genome. The discovery of multiple mitochondrial lineages of P. relictum in Hawaii provides a measure of genetic diversity within a geographically isolated population of this parasite and suggests the origins and evolution of parasite diversity may be more complicated than previously recognized. C1 [Jarvi, S. I.; Farias, M. E.] Univ Hawaii, Daniel K Inouye Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Lapointe, D. A.; Atkinson, C. T.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. [Belcaid, M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Jarvi, SI (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Daniel K Inouye Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 34 Rainbow Dr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jarvi@hawaii.edu OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X FU Biocomplexity of Introduced Avian Diseases in Hawaii: Threats to Biodiversity of Native Forest Ecosystems [NSF DEB 0083944]; NIH/NCRR IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) the National Institute of General Medical Sciences [8 P20 GM103466-11]; National Center for Research Resources [5P20RR016467-11]; National Institutes of Health [P20GM103516]; National Park Service; Natural Resource Protection Program (NRPP); US Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program FX Funding for this project was provided by Biocomplexity of Introduced Avian Diseases in Hawaii: Threats to Biodiversity of Native Forest Ecosystems (NSF DEB 0083944) (SIJ, CTA, DAP), NIH/NCRR IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (8 P20 GM103466-11) (SIJ) and the National Center for Research Resources (5P20RR016467-11)(SIJ), and P20GM103516 (MB) from the National Institutes of Health, the National Park Service (CTA, DAP), Natural Resource Protection Program (NRPP) (CTA, DAP), and the US Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program (CTA, DAP). Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 32 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD DEC PY 2013 VL 140 IS 14 BP 1741 EP 1750 DI 10.1017/S0031182013000905 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 298TU UT WOS:000330348200004 PM 23953131 ER PT J AU Lockyer, ZB Coates, PS Casazza, ML Espinosa, S Delehanty, DJ AF Lockyer, Zachary B. Coates, Peter S. Casazza, Michael L. Espinosa, Shawn Delehanty, David J. TI Greater Sage-Grouse Nest Predators in the Virginia Mountains of Northwestern Nevada SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; common raven; nest survival; Nevada; sage-grouse; video monitoring ID SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; SELECTION; HABITAT; WEST AB Greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter sage-grouse, populations have declined across their range due to the loss, degradation, and fragmentation of habitat. Habitat alterations can lead not only to vegetative changes but also to shifts in animal behavior and predator composition that may influence population vital rates, such as nest success. For example, common ravens Corvus corax are sage-grouse nest predators, and common raven abundance is positively associated with human-caused habitat alterations. Because nest success is a central component to sage-grouse population persistence, research that identifies factors influencing nest success will better inform conservation efforts. We used videography to unequivocally identify sage-grouse nest predators within the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada, USA, from 2009 to 2011 and used maximum likelihood to calculate daily probability of nest survival. In the Virginia Mountains, fires, energy exploration, and other anthropogenic activities have altered historic sage-grouse habitat. We monitored 71 sage-grouse nests during the study, placing video cameras at 39 nests. Cumulative nest survival for all nests was 22.4% (95% CI, 13.0-33.4%), a survival rate that was significantly lower than other published results for sage-grouse in the Great Basin. Depredation was the primary cause for nest failure in our study (82.5%), and common ravens were the most frequent sage-grouse nest predator, accounting for 46.7% of nest depredations. We also successfully documented a suite of mammalian and reptilian species depredating sage-grouse nests, including some predators never previously confirmed in the literature to be sage-grouse nest predators (i.e., bobcats Lynx rufus and long-tailed weasels Mephitis frenata). Within the high elevation, disturbed habitat of the Virginia Mountains, low sage-grouse nest success may be limiting sage-grouse population growth. These results suggest that management actions that restore habitat in the Virginia Mountains and decrease anthropogenic subsidies of ravens will benefit sage-grouse. C1 [Lockyer, Zachary B.; Delehanty, David J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83201 USA. [Coates, Peter S.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Espinosa, Shawn] Nevada Dept Wildlife, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Lockyer, ZB (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 1345 Barton Rd, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. EM zach.lockyer@idfg.idaho.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 34 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 242 EP 254 DI 10.3996/122012-JFWM-110R1 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278NZ UT WOS:000328898300001 ER PT J AU Walker, J Rotella, JJ Loesch, CR Renner, RW Ringelman, JK Lindberg, MS Dell, R Doherty, KE AF Walker, Johann Rotella, Jay J. Loesch, Charles R. Renner, Randy W. Ringelman, James K. Lindberg, Mark S. Dell, Randal Doherty, Kevin E. TI An Integrated Strategy for Grassland Easement Acquisition in the Prairie Pothole Region, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agricultural landscapes; Anatinae; conservation planning; ducks; land protection; private lands conservation ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CONSERVATION AREAS; LANDSCAPE; CONVERSION; ECONOMICS; TRENDS AB Acquisition of perpetual grassland easements is a principal tactic used by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and its partners to protect nesting habitat for migratory birds in the Prairie Pothole Region of North and South Dakota, USA. This public-private partnership resulted in the conservation of >344,000 ha of grassland during 1998-2012. Past easement acquisition has been targeted to landscapes with greatest expected accessibility to breeding duck pairs without active consideration of probability of conversion or cost of protection. The rising cost of easement acquisition in recent years indicates that re-evaluation and refinement of the easement acquisition strategy could help to improve programmatic outcomes. We assessed regional patterns of easement acquisition during 1998-2012, evaluated the current targeting strategy, and used a combination of publicly available and proprietary geospatial data to develop an easement-targeting Geographic Information System that integrated information about conversion probability and protection cost with current targeting criteria. Our assessment indicated that grassland protection was negatively affected by rising land prices during 1998-2012. In the 5 y between 2008 and 2012, about 100,000 ha of grassland were protected at a cost of $83 million (U. S. dollars). The 2008-2012 acquisitions represented 30% of total protection during 1998-2012 but composed 47% of the total expenditure. We observed strong evidence that easements were targeted to priority landscapes both before and after formalization of the USFWS conservation strategy in 2004. We also found evidence of an opportunity to increase efficiency of future acquisitions. We identified 0.9 million ha of currently unprotected priority grassland in the region with greater than expected conversion risk and smaller than expected protection cost. We suggest that future grassland easement acquisition be refocused on this refined priority area and that an adaptive approach to future easement acquisition (including targeted acquisitions, directed monitoring, and data-based decisions) provides a logical framework for implementation of this new strategy and will facilitate continued conservation success. C1 [Walker, Johann; Renner, Randy W.; Ringelman, James K.; Dell, Randal] Ducks Unlimited Inc, Great Plains Reg Off, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Rotella, Jay J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Loesch, Charles R.; Doherty, Kevin E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Walker, J (reprint author), Ducks Unlimited Inc, Great Plains Reg Off, 2525 River Rd, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. EM jwalker@ducks.org NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.3996/052013-JFWM-035 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278NZ UT WOS:000328898300003 ER PT J AU Ward, DL Figiel, CR AF Ward, David L. Figiel, Chester R., Jr. TI Behaviors of Southwestern Native Fishes in Response to Introduced Catfish Predators SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Catostomus insignis; Gila elegans; Gila robusta; Ictalurus punctatus; predation; Pylodictis olivaris; Xyrauchen texanus ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; RAZORBACK SUCKERS; FATHEAD MINNOWS; RECOGNITION; AVOIDANCE; SALMON; TROUT; MANAGEMENT; BONYTAIL; SYSTEM AB Native fishes reared in hatcheries typically suffer high predation mortality when stocked into natural environments. We evaluated the behavior of juvenile bonytail Gila elegans, roundtail chub Gila robusta, razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, and Sonora sucker Catostomus insignis in response to introduced channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris. Our laboratory tests indicate these species did not inherently recognize catfish as a threat, but they can quickly (within 12 h) change their behavior in response to a novel predator paired with the sight and scent of a dead conspecific. Chubs appear to avoid predation by swimming away from the threat, whereas suckers reduced movement. Effects of antipredator conditioning on survival of fish reared in hatcheries is unknown; however, our results suggest some native fish can be conditioned to recognize introduced predators, which could increase poststocking survival. C1 [Ward, David L.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Figiel, Chester R., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dlward@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 23 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 307 EP 315 DI 10.3996/092012-JFWM-084 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278NZ UT WOS:000328898300008 ER PT J AU Fernandez, MK AF Fernandez, Marie K. TI Transplants of Western Pearlshell Mussels to Unoccupied Streams on Willapa National Wildlife Refuge, Southwestern Washington SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Margaritifera falcata; transplants; western pearlshell mussel; Willapa National Wildlife Refuge ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; MARGARITIFERA-FALCATA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; GROWTH; RIVERS; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY AB The western pearlshell mussel Margaritifera falcata is a species of freshwater mussel listed as vulnerable in the state of Washington. From 2007 to 2009, 265 western pearlshell mussels were transplanted from the Bear River to four streams within the Willapa National Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Washington. Transplanted western pearlshell mussels were monitored for survival and growth, as well as reproduction. Between 55% and 95% of the transplanted western pearlshell mussels could be accounted for in individual streams in 2010. Growth increments measured from September 2008 to March 2010 ranged up to 6.5 mm. Evidence of reproduction in western pearlshell mussels was observed in two streams. The project provided a rare opportunity to explore transplant techniques and gauge the success of these efforts for this species in the Pacific Northwest. C1 [Fernandez, Marie K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Willapa Natl Wildlife Refuge, Ilwaco, WA 98624 USA. RP Fernandez, MK (reprint author), POB 541, Naselle, WA 98638 USA. EM mfernand@wwest.net FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Willapa NWR FX This project was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Willapa NWR. A special thank you is due to Charles Stenvall, former Project Leader at Willapa NWR Complex, whose unique vision initiated this project. Assistance in the field was primarily provided by Russ Lewis and Bill Hutton. Thanks are also due to members of the Pacific Northwest Native Freshwater Mussel Work-group, especially Al Smith. I would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers and Subject Editor whose time and effort in providing suggestions for changes to the manuscript were much appreciated. Deanna Wilson of Willapa NWR was a great help with computer assistance, and Donna Fernandez provided editorial assistance for the final document. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 316 EP 325 DI 10.3996/062012-JFWM-052 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278NZ UT WOS:000328898300009 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Skalos, DA Farinha, MA AF Fleskes, Joseph P. Skalos, Daniel A. Farinha, Melissa A. TI Changes in Types and Area of Postharvest Flooded Fields Available to Waterbirds in Tulare Basin, California SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California; Central Valley; habitat; postharvest flooding; Tulare Basin; waterbirds; waterfowl ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; SELENIUM; RICE AB Conservation efforts to restore historic waterbird distribution and abundance in the Central Valley of California require information on current and historic areas of waterbird habitat. To provide this information, we mapped the area of agricultural fields in the vicinity of the historic Tulare Lake Bed in the Tulare Basin, California, that were treated postharvest with two different flooding regimes that varied in depth and duration of water applied (< 1 cm to 1.5 m water for longer than 1 wk [FLD]; < 1 to 15 cm water for 1 wk or less [IRG]) during August-March 1991-1994 and 2005-2006. We compared our results with published estimates for 1976-1980 and 1981-1987. Area and crops treated postharvest with FLD or IRG flooding differed among years and months. Overall for August through March, weekly area of FLD fields averaged 1,671 ha in 1976-1980 but declined to about half that in later years; the decline was most severe during January-March. Cotton was primarily treated with IRG flooding and comprised 47-95% of the total IRG field area. Other crops were primarily treated with FLD flooding; tomato replaced safflower in 2005-2006. These documented declines since the 1970s in area of FLD fields and changes in crops being flooded postharvest reduce the carrying capacity of the Tulare Basin for waterbirds, a situation that will need to be reversed for restoration of historic waterbird distribution in the Central Valley to be viable. If maintaining agricultural production is a priority and agricultural drainage waters can be disposed of safely, then increasing the extent of FLD grain fields would provide the most benefit for wintering waterbirds; otherwise, restoring and providing adequate water supplies to managed wetlands would most benefit waterbirds. C1 [Fleskes, Joseph P.; Skalos, Daniel A.; Farinha, Melissa A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov FU Central Valley Joint Venture; California Department of Fish and Wildlife FX We thank the Central Valley Joint Venture and California Department of Fish and Wildlife for funding. Kern National Wildlife Refuge provided housing and logistical support. The U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center provided administrative and other support; K. B. Gustafson and W. M. Perry provided mapping. L. Belt helped map fields during 1991-1994. G. Wylie, D. Barnum, the Subject Editor, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments that improved earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.3996/022013-JFWM-012 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278NZ UT WOS:000328898300013 ER PT J AU Gillette, GL Coates, PS Petersen, S Romero, JP AF Gillette, Gifford L. Coates, Peter S. Petersen, Steven Romero, John P. TI Can Reliable Sage-Grouse Lek Counts Be Obtained Using Aerial Infrared Technology? SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial infrared; lek count; aerial survey; Centrocercus urophasianus; infrared; sage-grouse; population monitoring ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; THERMAL IMAGERY; POPULATIONS; ATTENDANCE; ANIMALS; DENSITY; WALRUS; DEER AB More effective methods for counting greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are needed to better assess population trends through enumeration or location of new leks. We describe an aerial infrared technique for conducting sage-grouse lek counts and compare this method with conventional ground-based lek count methods. During the breeding period in 2010 and 2011, we surveyed leks from fixed-winged aircraft using cryogenically cooled mid-wave infrared cameras and surveyed the same leks on the same day from the ground following a standard lek count protocol. We did not detect significant differences in lek counts between surveying techniques. These findings suggest that using a cryogenically cooled mid-wave infrared camera from an aerial platform to conduct lek surveys is an effective alternative technique to conventional ground-based methods, but further research is needed. We discuss multiple advantages to aerial infrared surveys, including counting in remote areas, representing greater spatial variation, and increasing the number of counted leks per season. Aerial infrared lek counts may be a valuable wildlife management tool that releases time and resources for other conservation efforts. Opportunities exist for wildlife professionals to refine and apply aerial infrared techniques to wildlife monitoring programs because of the increasing reliability and affordability of this technology. C1 [Gillette, Gifford L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Petersen, Steven] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Romero, John P.] Owyhee Air Res, Murphy, ID 83650 USA. RP Gillette, GL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 1136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM gill8676@vandals.uidaho.edu FU Owyhee Air Research and Brigham Young University FX Funding was provided by Owyhee Air Research and Brigham Young University. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 386 EP 394 DI 10.3996/032013-JFWM-025 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278NZ UT WOS:000328898300016 ER PT J AU Soulliere, GJ Loges, BW Dunton, EM Luukkonen, DR Eichholz, MW Koch, KE AF Soulliere, Gregory J. Loges, Brian W. Dunton, Eric M. Luukkonen, David R. Eichholz, Michael W. Koch, Katie E. TI Monitoring Waterfowl in the Midwest during the Non-breeding Period: Challenges, Priorities, and Recommendations SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE waterfowl monitoring; non-breeding waterfowl; Mississippi Flyway; Midwest region; Joint Venture; Integrated Waterbird Management and Monitoring; Coordinated Bird Monitoring AB Habitat conservation planning for migrating and wintering waterfowl is typically based on the estimated foraging needs of populations occurring in areas during these non-breeding periods. However, several factors limit the value of historic population data collected by wildlife agencies in the Midwest region. Survey protocols lack standardization and a statistically-based sampling framework, and the financial burden of surveys often falls on individual agencies, sometimes precluding annual completion during times of limited budgets. Environmental factors and human disturbance are thought to affect distribution of waterfowl during migration, yet these parameters have rarely been included in survey design, impeding efficient assessment of key population influences. Fortunately the importance of monitoring to achieve effective bird conservation has been elevated in recent years. In the Midwest, topical scientific forums regarding bird monitoring have resulted in development of new working groups and partnerships, improved information sharing, and collaboration among planners and managers. A recent focus on nonbreeding waterfowl demonstrated that monitoring priorities and challenges vary across the Midwest, reflecting different landscapes, species composition, and wildlife agency information needs. We review examples of traditional and experimental survey activities across two primary eco-regions in the Midwest and provide recommendations to enhance waterfowl monitoring during the non-breeding period. Although organismal, geographic, and administrative needs vary, potential exists for a collaborative survey that maximizes efficiency of migratory bird monitoring programs. C1 [Soulliere, Gregory J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River & Great Lakes Region Join, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Loges, Brian W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Brussels, IL 62013 USA. [Dunton, Eric M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shiawassee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Saginaw, MI 48601 USA. [Luukkonen, David R.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Div, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Eichholz, Michael W.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Ctr Ecol, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Koch, Katie E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Marquette, MI 49866 USA. RP Soulliere, GJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River & Great Lakes Region Join, 2651 Coolidge Rd,Suite 101, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM Greg_Soulliere@fws.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 25 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 395 EP 405 DI 10.3996/062012-JFWM-054 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278NZ UT WOS:000328898300017 ER PT J AU Dixon, MD Heist, K Tinsley, K AF Dixon, Michael D. Heist, Kevin Tinsley, Karl TI The State of Bats in Conservation Planning for the National Wildlife Refuge System, With Recommendations SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bat; National Wildlife Refuge System; Comprehensive Conservation Plan ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; BROWN BATS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; WIND TURBINES; MERCURY CONTAMINATION; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; EMERGING DISEASE; MORTALITY; FATALITIES; LANDSCAPE AB Bats face an unprecedented array of threats in the early 21st century, from traditional concerns such as habitat loss, to white nose syndrome and collisions with wind turbines. These growing challenges arise when the National Wildlife Refuge System, a system of public lands and waters that provides habitat for nearly every bat species in North America north of Mexico, is beginning its first revision cycle for its management plans, known as Comprehensive Conservation Plans. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service is thus uniquely positioned to assess its current contribution to sustaining viable populations of bats in the United States and incorporate those findings into the biological objectives that will guide Refuge management for the next 15 y. We present a review of the degree to which the first generation of Comprehensive Conservation Plans addresses bat conservation, and we provide recommendations to guide managers, planners, and partners in the development of the second generation of these Comprehensive Conservation Plans. C1 [Dixon, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuge Planning, Reg 6, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Heist, Kevin] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Tinsley, Karl] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Reg 3, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. RP Dixon, MD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuge Planning, Reg 6, 134 Union Blvd, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. EM michael_d_dixon@fws.gov FU USFWS Region 6; USFWS Region 3 FX We thank M. Artmann, S. Selbo, and USFWS Region 6 Division of Refuge Planning for review and input on this manuscript, as well as R. Fischman, an anonymous reviewer, and the editors of the Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management for critical comments and recommendations that substantially improved the document. This paper received support from USFWS Region 6 and USFWS Region 3. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 31 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 406 EP 422 DI 10.3996/122012-JFWM-106 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278NZ UT WOS:000328898300018 ER PT J AU Luettich, RA Wright, LD Signell, R Friedrichs, C Friedrichs, M Harding, J Fennel, K Howlett, E Graves, S Smith, E Crane, G Baltes, R AF Luettich, Richard A., Jr. Wright, L. Donelson Signell, Richard Friedrichs, Carl Friedrichs, Marjy Harding, John Fennel, Katja Howlett, Eoin Graves, Sara Smith, Elizabeth Crane, Gary Baltes, Rebecca TI Introduction to special section on The U.S. IOOS Coastal and Ocean Modeling Testbed SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE modeling; hypoxia; inundation; waves ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SKILL ASSESSMENT; HYPOXIA; SENSITIVITY; UNCERTAINTIES; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; PERFORMANCE AB Strong and strategic collaborations among experts from academia, federal operational centers, and industry have been forged to create a U.S. IOOS Coastal and Ocean Modeling Testbed (COMT). The COMT mission is to accelerate the transition of scientific and technical advances from the coastal and ocean modeling research community to improved operational ocean products and services. This is achieved via the evaluation of existing technology or the development of new technology depending on the status of technology within the research community. The initial phase of the COMT has addressed three coastal and ocean prediction challenges of great societal importance: estuarine hypoxia, shelf hypoxia, and coastal inundation. A fourth effort concentrated on providing and refining the cyberinfrastructure and cyber tools to support the modeling work and to advance interoperability and community access to the COMT archive. This paper presents an overview of the initiation of the COMT, the findings of each team and a discussion of the role of the COMT in research to operations and its interface with the coastal and ocean modeling community in general. Detailed technical results are presented in the accompanying series of 16 technical papers in this special issue. C1 [Luettich, Richard A., Jr.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Wright, L. Donelson; Smith, Elizabeth; Crane, Gary] Southeastern Univ Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Signell, Richard] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Friedrichs, Carl; Friedrichs, Marjy] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Harding, John] Mississippi State Univ, Northern Gulf Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Fennel, Katja] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Howlett, Eoin] Appl Sci Associates Inc, Kingston, RI USA. [Graves, Sara] Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Baltes, Rebecca] US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Luettich, RA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM rick_luettich@unc.edu RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009; OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613; Friedrichs, Carl/0000-0002-1810-900X FU NOAA via the IOOS Office [NA10NOS0120063, NA11NOS0120141]; National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575] FX This project was supported by NOAA via the IOOS Office, award NA10NOS0120063 and NA11NOS0120141, and used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant OCI-1053575. We thank Zdenka Willis and Doug Levin of the U.S. IOOS Office for their support and guidance throughout this project. We are also grateful for the support and encouragement provided by SURA president Jerry Draayer and for the untiring technical and managerial assistance provided by SURA staff members Jeri Marie Cravens, Linda Akli, Russell Moy, Peter Bjonerud, and Thanh Quach. The members of the Testbed Advisory and Evaluation Group deserve special thanks for their expert guidance. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 6319 EP 6328 DI 10.1002/2013JC008939 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 292TU UT WOS:000329926200001 ER PT J AU Bromirski, PD Cayan, DR Helly, J Wittmann, P AF Bromirski, Peter D. Cayan, Daniel R. Helly, John Wittmann, Paul TI Wave power variability and trends across the North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE wave power; wave model; Pacific decadal oscillation; extreme events; climate regime shift; interdecadal variability ID HEMISPHERE WINTER; CALIFORNIA COAST; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; HEIGHTS; OSCILLATION; REANALYSIS; TELECONNECTIONS; PROJECTIONS; STORMINESS AB Multiyear climate variations influence North Pacific storm intensity and resultant variations in wave energy levels. The timing of these decadal fluctuations and strong El Nino's have had a strong influence on long-term trends. Here we investigate variations in the North Pacific wave power, P-W, determined from WAVEWATCH III (WW3) wave model significant wave height, Hs, and peak period data forced by NRA-1 winds spanning the 1948-2008 epoch. Over the entire hindcast, upward trends in Hs and P-W, especially in winter, are observed over much of the North Pacific, strongly influenced by an apparent storm intensification after the mid-1970s regime shift. Heightened P-W is concentrated in particular regions of the basin, and is associated with increased wave activity during the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Wave power events, P-E, defined as episodes when Hs exceeded the 90th percentile threshold for at least 12 h, exhibit significant upward trends along much of the U.S. Pacific coast during winter months. Importantly, the hindcast exhibits a recent decrease in P-W across much of the North Pacific, in contrast to the long-term increase of P-W and Hs. This recent decrease is associated with the prevalent PDO cool phase that developed after the late 1990s. Variability and intensification of coastal P-W and P-E have important practical implications for shoreline and beach erosion, coastal wetlands inundation, storm-surge flooding, and coastal planning. These considerations will become increasingly important as sea level rises. C1 [Bromirski, Peter D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog Div, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.; Helly, John] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Helly, John] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Climate Res, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wittmann, Paul] Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bromirski, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog Div, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pbromirski@ucsd.edu FU NOAA [NA10OAR4310121]; California Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Boating and Waterways [11-106-107]; California Energy Commission; NOAA RISA program; SIO FX Support for this study is gratefully acknowledged from NOAA through grant NA10OAR4310121 and the California Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Boating and Waterways under contract 11-106-107 with SIO, as is support for DRC from the California Energy Commission and the NOAA RISA program. Comments from Dick Seymour are much appreciated. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 6329 EP 6348 DI 10.1002/2013JC009189 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 292TU UT WOS:000329926200002 ER PT J AU Thupaki, P Phanikumar, MS Schwab, DJ Nevers, MB Whitman, RL AF Thupaki, Pramod Phanikumar, Mantha S. Schwab, David J. Nevers, Meredith B. Whitman, Richard L. TI Evaluating the role of sediment-bacteria interactions on Escherichia coli concentrations at beaches in southern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sediment-bacteria interactions; Escherichia coli; beach safety ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; WAVE PREDICTION MODEL; FRESH-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCE; COHESIVE SEDIMENT; NEARSHORE WATER; EMBAYED BEACH; TRANSPORT; PARTICLES; ENTEROCOCCI AB Association of bacteria with suspended sediment in the water column complicates the assessment and prediction of nearshore water quality. We examine the impact of sediment-bacteria interactions on Escherichia coli (EC) levels at beaches in southern Lake Michigan using three-dimensional EC fate and transport models with and without explicit descriptions of sediment-bacteria interactions. We simulate hydrodynamics using a nested-grid numerical model and use a semiparametric wave model to compute wave heights and net bottom shear stress. The attachment-detachment dynamics of bacteria in the water column are modeled using a linear partition coefficient. The numerical models were tested against data, collected in summer 2008, which included measurements of EC at three beaches and multiple ADCP deployments for currents and waves. Our results indicate that the model that accounts for sediment-bacteria interactions describes the observed data significantly better and that sediment, directly and indirectly, interacts with bacteria to influence their fate and transport. The improvement results from the model's ability to describe the multiple short-duration, low-intensity resuspension events at our sampling sites. A major resuspension event was noted during the simulation period but the sampling frequency during the event was inadequate to resolve the details of the peak. Using the linear isotherm model to simulate attachment-detachment dynamics of bacteria in the water column, we found that the fraction of bacteria attached to suspended sediment particles in the water column is highly variable in the vertical at offshore locations but nearly constant closer to the shore. C1 [Thupaki, Pramod; Phanikumar, Mantha S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Schwab, David J.] Univ Michigan, U M Water Ctr, Graham Environm Sustainabil Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Nevers, Meredith B.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN USA. RP Phanikumar, MS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1449 Engn Res Court,Rm A130, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM phani@msu.edu OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 FU NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health FX This research was funded by the NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health. Symbols used in Figure 1 were courtesy of the Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (http://ian.umces.edu/symbols/). NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 7049 EP 7065 DI 10.1002/2013JC008919 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 292TU UT WOS:000329926200048 ER PT J AU Buscombe, D AF Buscombe, Daniel TI Transferable wavelet method for grain-size distribution from images of sediment surfaces and thin sections, and other natural granular patterns SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grain size; granular patterns; sediment; texture analysis; wavelet analysis ID DIGITAL IMAGES; GRAVEL BARS; MARS; PHOTOGRAPHS; STATISTICS; TOPOGRAPHY; TRANSFORM AB In images of sedimentary or granular material, or simulations of binary (two-phase) granular media, in which the individual grains are resolved, the complete size distribution of apparent grain axes is well-approximated by the global power spectral density function derived using a Morlet wavelet. This approach overcomes many limitations of previous automated methods for estimating the grain-size distribution from images, all of which rely on either: identification and segmentation of individual grains; calibration and/or relatively large sample sizes. The new method presented here is tested using: (i) various types of simulations of two-phase media with a size distribution, with and without preferred orientation; (ii) 300 sample images drawn from 46 populations of sands and gravels from around the world, displaying a wide variability in origin (biogenic and mineralogical), size, surface texture and shape; (iii) petrographic thin section samples from nine populations of sedimentary rock; (iv) high-resolution scans of marine sediment cores; and (v) non-sedimentary natural granular patterns including sea ice and patterned ground. The grain-size distribution obtained is equivalent to the distribution of apparent intermediate grain diameters, grid by number style. For images containing sufficient well-resolved grains, root mean square errors are within tens of percent for percentiles across the entire grain-size distribution. As such, this method is the first of its type which is completely transferable, unmodified, without calibration, for both consolidated and unconsolidated sediment, isotropic and anisotropic two-phase media, and even non-sedimentary granular patterns. The success of the wavelet approach is due, in part, to it quantifying both spectral and spatial information from the sediment image simultaneously, something which no previously developed technique is able to do. C1 [Buscombe, Daniel] Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Buscombe, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dbuscombe@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0037-0746 EI 1365-3091 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 7 BP 1709 EP 1732 DI 10.1111/sed.12049 PG 24 WC Geology SC Geology GA 296HD UT WOS:000330175000007 ER PT J AU Ogden, FL Crouch, TD Stallard, RF Hall, JS AF Ogden, Fred L. Crouch, Trey D. Stallard, Robert F. Hall, Jefferson S. TI Effect of land cover and use on dry season river runoff, runoff efficiency, and peak storm runoff in the seasonal tropics of Central Panama SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrology; study; experiment; reforestation; ecosystem ID WATER YIELD; RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HUMID TROPICS; PUERTO-RICO; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CATCHMENT; BASEFLOW; BALANCE; GENERATION AB A paired catchment methodology was used with more than 3 years of data to test whether forests increase base flow in the dry season, despite reduced annual runoff caused by evapotranspiration (the sponge-effect hypothesis), and whether forests reduce maximum runoff rates and totals during storms. The three study catchments were: a 142.3 ha old secondary forest, a 175.6 ha mosaic of mixed age forest, pasture, and subsistence agriculture, and a 35.9 ha actively grazed pasture subcatchment of the mosaic catchment. The two larger catchments are adjacent, with similar morphology, soils, underlying geology, and rainfall. Annual water balances, peak runoff rates, runoff efficiencies, and dry season recessions show significant differences. Dry season runoff from the forested catchment receded more slowly than from the mosaic and pasture catchments. The runoff rate from the forest catchment was 1-50% greater than that from the similarly sized mosaic catchment at the end of the dry season. This observation supports the sponge-effect hypothesis. The pasture and mosaic catchment median runoff efficiencies were 2.7 and 1.8 times that of the forest catchment, respectively, and increased with total storm rainfall. Peak runoff rates from the pasture and mosaic catchments were 1.7 and 1.4 times those of the forest catchment, respectively. The forest catchment produced 35% less total runoff and smaller peak runoff rates during the flood of record in the Panama Canal Watershed. Flood peak reduction and increased streamflows through dry periods are important benefits relevant to watershed management, payment for ecosystem services, water-quality management, reservoir sedimentation, and fresh water security in the Panama Canal watershed and similar tropical landscapes. C1 [Ogden, Fred L.; Crouch, Trey D.] Univ Wyoming, Civil & Architectural Engn Dept, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ogden, Fred L.; Stallard, Robert F.; Hall, Jefferson S.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Stallard, Robert F.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ogden, FL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Civil & Architectural Engn Dept, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM fogden@uwyo.edu RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 FU HSBC Climate Partnership through the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; U.S. Army Research Office [55573EVRIP, 52454EVDPS, 61481EVRIP]; US National Science Foundation [EAR-1045166, EAR-1123468]; U.S. Geological Survey; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Panama Canal Authority; STRI Agua Salud Project came from the Frank Levinson Family Foundation; Motta Family Foundation FX The Agua Salud project is a collaboration between the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), the Panama Canal Authority (ACP), the National Environmental Authority of Panama (ANAM), and other institutions. This research was funded by the HSBC Climate Partnership through the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute from 2007 to 2012. Additional funding to the first author from the U.S. Army Research Office through grants 55573EVRIP, 52454EVDPS, and 61481EVRIP, the US National Science Foundation through grants EAR-1045166 and EAR-1123468 is acknowledged. The U.S. Geological Survey and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute funded the third author. Other research support for laboratory improvements to enable our research on weir sedimentation effects was provided by a generous gift from Roy and Caryl Cline to the University of Wyoming. We are grateful to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the following STRI personnel for their support: Daniela Weber, Federico Davis, Aquilino Alveo, Jorge Bautista, Michiel van Breugel, Juan Carlos Briceno, and Milton Solano. We gratefully acknowledge the support of and collaboration with the Panama Canal Authority, particularly Jorge Espinosa, Chief of the Hydraulics Works Section in the Water Division and his staff and Oscar Vallarino, the Manager of the Environmental Division during the time of this study and his staff. We also acknowledge cooperation with the National Environmental Authority of Panama (ANAM). Other financial support for the STRI Agua Salud Project came from the Frank Levinson Family Foundation, and the Motta Family Foundation. The 1 m resolution LiDAR topography data were provided by NSF DEB 0939907 to J. Dalling, S. Hubbell, and S. Dewalt. Edward Kempema, Jesse Creel, and Guy Litt of the University of Wyoming provided essential support in data analysis and quality control. We acknowledge fruitful discussions with Sibylle Hassler formerly of Potsdam University pertaining to this study. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the funding institutions. Finally, we acknowledge constructive reviews by three anonymous reviewers and John Moody of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 105 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 11 U2 84 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 49 IS 12 BP 8443 EP 8462 DI 10.1002/2013WR013956 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 292UX UT WOS:000329929100042 ER PT J AU Blomberg, EJ Gibson, D Sedinger, JS Casazza, ML Coates, PS AF Blomberg, Erik J. Gibson, Daniel Sedinger, James S. Casazza, Michael L. Coates, Peter S. TI Intraseasonal variation in survival and probable causes of mortality in greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cause-specific mortality; Centrocercus urophasianus; cumulative hazard function; greater sage-grouse; hunting; predation; survival ID LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS; TETRAO-TETRIX; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; MANAGEMENT; TELEMETRY; PREDATION; POPULATIONS; PARAMETERS; MOVEMENTS; ECOLOGY AB The mortality process is a key component of avian population dynamics, and understanding factors that affect mortality is central to grouse conservation. Populations of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus have declined across their range in western North America. We studied cause-specific mortality of radio-marked sage-grouse in Eureka County, Nevada, USA, during two seasons, nesting (2008-2012) and fall (2008-2010), when survival was known to be lower compared to other times of the year. We used known-fate and cumulative incidence function models to estimate weekly survival rates and cumulative risk of cause-specific mortalities, respectively. These methods allowed us to account for temporal variation in sample size and staggered entry of marked individuals into the sample to obtain robust estimates of survival and cause-specific mortality. We monitored 376 individual sage-grouse during the course of our study, and investigated 87 deaths. Predation was the major source of mortality, and accounted for 90% of all mortalities during our study. During the nesting season (1 April - 31 May), the cumulative risk of predation by raptors (0.10; 95% CI: 0.05-0.16) and mammals (0.08; 95% CI: 0.03-013) was relatively equal. In the fall (15 August - 31 October), the cumulative risk of mammal predation was greater (M-(mam) = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.04-0.19) than either predation by raptors (M-(rap) = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00-0.10) or hunting harvest (M-(hunt) = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.0-0.06). During both seasons, we observed relatively few additional sources of mortality (e.g. collision) and observed no evidence of disease-related mortality (e.g. West Nile Virus). In general, we found little evidence for intraseasonal temporal variation in survival, suggesting that the nesting and fall seasons represent biologically meaningful time intervals with respect to sage-grouse survival. C1 [Blomberg, Erik J.; Casazza, Michael L.; Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Gibson, Daniel; Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Nat Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Gibson, Daniel] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Blomberg, EJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM EJBlomberg@gmail.com; dnonne@gmail.com; JSedinger@cabnr.unr.edu; mike_casazza@usgs.gov; pcoates@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU University of Nevada Reno Agricultural Experiment Station; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Nevada Department of Wildlife; United States Bureau of Land Management; NV Energy Corp. FX we thank numerous field technicians and volunteers for assistance with sage-grouse capture and monitoring, and P. Wolff and C. Morris of the Nevada Department of Wildlife for assistance with necropsy processing. We thank HawkWatch International for making their raptor migration data available. C. Overton, R. Gutierrez and K. Doherty provided comments that improved the manuscript. This work was supported jointly by the University of Nevada Reno Agricultural Experiment Station, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the Nevada Department of Wildlife, the United States Bureau of Land Management and NV Energy Corp. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 39 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 19 IS 4 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.2981/13-001 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 297KL UT WOS:000330254200004 ER PT J AU Pricope, NG Husak, G Lopez-Carr, D Funk, C Michaelsen, J AF Pricope, Narcisa G. Husak, Gregory Lopez-Carr, David Funk, Christopher Michaelsen, Joel TI The climate-population nexus in the East African Horn: Emerging degradation trends in rangeland and pastoral livelihood zones SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Pastoralism; Population; MODIS; Livelihoods zones; Africa ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; LAND-COVER CHANGE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION INDEX; NORTHERN KENYA; FOOD SECURITY; NDVI DATA; EL-NINO AB Increasing climate variability and extreme weather conditions along with declining trends in both rainfall and temperature represent major risk factors affecting agricultural production and food security in many regions of the world. The rangelands of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia in the East African Horn remain one of the world's most food insecure regions, yet have substantially increasing human populations predominantly dependent on pastoralist and agro-pastoralist livelihoods. We identify regions where substantial rainfall decrease between two periods interrupted by the 1998 El Nino event (1981-2012) in the East African Horn is coupled with human population density increases. Vegetation in this region is characterized by a variable mosaic of land covers, generally dominated by grasslands necessary for agro-pastoralism, interspersed by woody vegetation. Recent assessments indicate that vegetation degradation is occurring, adversely impacting fragile ecosystems and human livelihoods. Using AVHRR and MODIS vegetation products from 1981 to 2012, we observe changes in vegetation patterns and productivity over the last decade across the East African Horn. We observe vegetation browning trends in areas experiencing reduced main-growing season precipitation; these areas are also concurrently experiencing increasing population pressures. We also found that the drying precipitation patterns only partially statistically explain the vegetation browning trends, indicating that other factors such as population pressures and land use changes might be responsible for the observed declining vegetation condition. Furthermore, we show that the general vegetation browning trends persist even during years with normal rainfall conditions such as 2012, pointing to potential long-term degradation of rangelands on which approximately 10 million people depend. These findings may have implications for current and future regional food security monitoring and forecasting as well as for mitigation and adaptation strategies in a region where population is expected to continue increasing against a backdrop of drying climate trends and increased climatic variability. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pricope, Narcisa G.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Geol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Husak, Gregory; Lopez-Carr, David; Michaelsen, Joel] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Christopher] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Pricope, NG (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Geol, DeLoach Hall,DL 104,601 South Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM pricopen@uncw.edu OI Lopez-Carr, David/0000-0002-7593-214X; PRICOPE, NARCISA/0000-0002-6591-7237 FU National Science Foundation Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH) [EF 0709627]; United States Geological Survey (USGS) Award [G09AC000001 - 385HG] FX We would like to thank our funding sources, a National Science Foundation Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH) (EF 0709627) grant and a United States Geological Survey (USGS) Award, No. G09AC000001 - 385HG. We would like to thank Miss Libby White (USGS/UCSB) for her edits on an early draft of this paper. Finally, we would like to thank our two anonymous reviewers for their incredibly constructive criticism and feedback. NR 105 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 9 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 EI 1872-9495 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 23 IS 6 SI SI BP 1525 EP 1541 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.10.002 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 292DB UT WOS:000329881300016 ER PT J AU Alvarez, JA Cook, DG Yee, JL van Hattem, MG Fong, DR Fisher, RN AF Alvarez, Jeff A. Cook, David G. Yee, Julie L. van Hattem, Michael G. Fong, Darren R. Fisher, Robert N. TI COMPARATIVE MICROHABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AT OVIPOSITION SITES OF THE CALIFORNIA RED-LEGGED FROG (RANA DRAYTONII) SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California Red-legged Frog; egg mass; habitat; lentic; lotic; oviposition; Rana draytonii; surveys ID SELECTION; BULLFROGS AB We studied the microhabitat characteristics of 747 egg masses of the federally-threatened Rana draytonii (California red-legged frog) at eight sites in California. our study showed that a broad range of aquatic habitats are utilized by ovipositing R. draytonii, including sites with perennial and ephemeral water sources, natural and constructed wetlands, lentic and lotic hydrology, and sites surrounded by protected lands and nested within modified urban areas. We recorded 45 different egg mass attachment types, although the use of only a few types was common at each site. these attachment types ranged from branches and roots of riparian trees, emergent and submergent wetland vegetation, flooded upland grassland/ruderal vegetation, and debris. eggs were deposited in relatively shallow water (mean 39.7 cm) when compared to maximum site depths. We found that most frogs in artificial pond, natural creek, and artificial channel habitats deposited egg masses within one meter of the shore, while egg masses in a seasonal marsh averaged 27.3 m from the shore due to extensive emergent vegetation. Rana draytonii appeared to delay breeding in lotic habitats and in more inland sites compared to lentic habitats and coastal sites. eggs occurred as early as mid-december at a coastal artificial pond and as late as mid-april in an inland natural creek. We speculate that this delay in breeding may represent a method of avoiding high-flow events and/or freezing temperatures. Understanding the factors related to the reproductive needs of this species can contribute to creating, managing, or preserving appropriate habitat, and promoting species recovery. C1 [Alvarez, Jeff A.] Wildlife Project, Sacramento, CA 95818 USA. [Yee, Julie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [van Hattem, Michael G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [van Hattem, Michael G.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. [Fong, Darren R.] Golden Gate Natl Recreat Area, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Alvarez, JA (reprint author), Wildlife Project, POB 188888, Sacramento, CA 95818 USA. EM jeff@thewildlifeproject.com NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 25 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 BP 539 EP 551 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 294KD UT WOS:000330043600004 ER PT J AU Thompson, ME Halstead, BJ Wylie, GD Amarello, M Smith, JJ Casazza, ML Routman, EJ AF Thompson, Michelle E. Halstead, Brian J. Wylie, Glenn D. Amarello, Melissa Smith, Jeffrey J. Casazza, Michael L. Routman, Eric J. TI EFFECTS OF PRESCRIBED FIRE ON COLUBER CONSTRICTOR MORMON IN COASTAL SAN MATEO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burn; coastal prairie; mark-recapture; multi-state model; reptiles; snake; survival; Western Yellow-bellied Racer ID SHORT-TERM RESPONSE; TALLGRASS-PRAIRIE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; SCELOPORUS-OCCIDENTALIS; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; FUEL-REDUCTION; REGIMES; POPULATIONS; AMPHIBIANS; FOREST AB Although prescribed burns are used in many locations where reptiles are present, the effects of fire on reptiles are poorly understood. our objective was to determine the effects of prescribed fire on the Western yellow-bellied racer, Coluber constrictor mormon, at a study site in coastal San Mateo county, california. We sampled an unburned site and an adjacent prescribed burn site two to five years post fire in the spring and summer of 2007 through 2010. We found no differences in apparent survival or body condition of snakes between burned and unburned sites. the burned site had lower snake abundance than the unburned site in 2008 but we found no difference in abundance between sites in 2009 and 2010. We also found a difference in body condition across years and asymmetry in the probability of transition (movement between burned and unburned sites). Vegetation cover between the burned and unburned sites was similar. this study serves as a baseline for investigation of the effects of fire on Coluber constrictor mormon at our study site and provides further insight on the effects of prescribed fire on reptile species. C1 [Thompson, Michelle E.; Routman, Eric J.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Halstead, Brian J.; Wylie, Glenn D.; Amarello, Melissa; Smith, Jeffrey J.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Thompson, ME (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 11200 SW 8th St,OE-167, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM michelle.elaine.thompson@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX We thank Jeff Powers for access to the study site, promotion of our study, and assistance with logistics. Housing was provided by John Wade and Randy Bennett of the Pescadero Conservation Alliance at their research station at Gazos Creek. We thank many biological technicians and volunteers, including Josh Capps, Kevin Colgate, Marty Feldner, Brian Freiermuth, and Christopher Winne, for assistance in the field and installation of traps and cover boards. We thank Jeremy Partch for graciously loaning out his vehicle in addition to providing assistance in the field. Riley Pearce provided invaluable comments on an early version of this manuscript. Pam Gore provided administrative support. Jeff Powers, Nate Smith, Meg Smith, Ceil Bettner, Fred Andrews, and Santa Cruz Hydroponics and Organics donated all cover board materials used in this project. Funding was provided by a grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to Melissa Amarello. All work was performed under California Department of Fish and Game scientific collecting permits SC-000394, SC-10427, SC-9315, SC-9313, and SC-10176. Snakes were handled in accordance with Animal Care and Use Protocols issued by San Francisco State University (A9-003), Southern Illinois University (07-029 09192007), and USGS Western Ecological Research Center. Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 13 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 BP 602 EP 615 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 294KD UT WOS:000330043600010 ER PT J AU Figiel, CR AF Figiel, Chester R., Jr. TI CRYOPRESERVATION OF SPERM FROM THE AXOLOTL AMBYSTOMA MEXICANUM: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Axolotl; Ambystoma; amphibian; cryopreservation; spermatophore; salamander; conservation ID BUFO-MARINUS SPERM; EXTINCTIONS; BEHAVIOR AB amphibians are declining globally at an alarming rate. for the sustainable management of amphibians, the development of reproductive technologies and in particular field-friendly methods for cryopreservation of sperm are required. successful cryopreservation preserves genetic material, provides for the transfer of genes from wild populations to captured stock, and assists in dispersing genetic material among populations in nature. Collecting spermatophores of salamanders and their subsequent cryopreservation could be an effective method of perpetuating genetic variation and provide for ex situ propagation and reintroduction efforts. this study investigates the practicality of using spermatophores from the Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, to assess the effects of cooling rates, thawing rates, and cryodiluents on the post-thaw viability of sperm within salamander spermatophores. in a first experiment, overall post-thaw sperm viability was 64.7% +/- 29.5% (mean +/- 1 sD; as assessed by a live/dead stain) while in the second experiment, overall post-thaw sperm viability was 86.7% +/- 8.0%. there were no significant effects of cryodiluents, cooling rates, thawing rates or the interaction effects on sperm viability (P > 0.05). the unique aspects of this study - cryopreserving sperm within spermatophores - potentially influenced the cooling and thawing process and likely affected the ability of water and cryodiluents to enter sperm cells. a model species such as the axolotl (critically endangered in nature) that represents a number of Ambystoma species with similar breeding habitats, may prove useful for developing field cryopreservation protocols for these and other endangered species. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Figiel, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM chester_figiel@fws.gov FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DBI-0443496] FX Special thanks to Randal Voss, Laura Muzinic, and Chris Muzinic at the Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, University of Kentucky. The National Science Foundation (NSF-DBI-0443496) grant mechanism supports the Center. I thank Jaci Zelko, Gregory Scull, Christie Jackson, Cody Meshes, and Nicole Rankin for assistance in care of animals. I especially thank Robert Browne, Gregory Scull, and William Wayman for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. References to trade name or proprietary product does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Links to external servers do not imply any official U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service endorsement of the opinions or ideas expressed therein, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 28 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 BP 748 EP 755 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 294KD UT WOS:000330043600023 ER PT J AU Gerken, JE Paukert, CP AF Gerken, Joseph E. Paukert, Craig P. TI Fish assemblage and habitat factors associated with the distribution of Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) in Kansas streams SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Notropis topeka; conservation; habitat; community; fish assemblage ID FRESH-WATER BIODIVERSITY; GREAT-PLAINS STREAMS; PRAIRIE STREAM; CONSERVATION STATUS; UNITED-STATES; HOMOGENIZATION; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY AB Topeka shiners (Notropis topeka) were historically abundant throughout many Great Plains streams but their abundance and distribution declined and the species was listed as federally endangered in 1999. However, few studies have examined how Topeka shiner populations are linked to biotic and abiotic factors. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify trends in Topeka shiner distribution from 1995 to 2008 and determine which fish assemblage and habitat factors were most associated with Topeka shiner distribution in Kansas streams. Fish and in-stream habitat metrics were collected from 34 sites in northeast Kansas in 1995, 2003, and 2008. Stepwise discriminant function analyses (DFA) were used to determine if fish assemblage percent composition and in-stream and landscape habitat factors could be used to differentiate among years and between sites with and without Topeka shiners. Higher percent composition of rosyface shiner (Notropis rubellus) was generally indicative of sites with Topeka shiners whereas higher relative abundance of central stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were associated with sites without Topeka shiners. Sites with Topeka shiners also tended to have more gravel substrate and greater mean stream length, whereas sites without Topeka shiners generally had higher proportional impoundment area and proportional urban land area. These findings suggest that anthropogenic alteration of habitat in and around streams with Topeka shiners may facilitate their declines and establishment of non-native or generalist fishes. Our results may help managers identify habitats with the greatest need for protection or restoration and may help protect Topeka shiner populations from further population declines. C1 [Gerken, Joseph E.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Gerken, JE (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gerkenje@ksu.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism; US Geological Survey; Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism, Kansas State University; Wildlife Management Institute; Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism, and the US Geological Survey. Fish and habitat samples were collected by members of the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism Stream and Monitoring Program. We are grateful to the private landowners for providing access to study sites located on private property. We are thankful for comments provided by Mike Quist and an anonymous reviewer, who provided valuable feedback and improved earlier versions of this work. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism, Kansas State University, the US Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 BP 503 EP 516 DI 10.1080/02705060.2013.792754 PG 14 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 294AP UT WOS:000330015100006 ER PT J AU Abbett, R Waldt, EM Johnson, JH McKenna, JE Dittman, DE AF Abbett, Ross Waldt, Emily M. Johnson, James H. McKenna, James E. Dittman, Dawn E. TI Interactions between invasive round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) and fantail darters (Etheostoma flabellare) in a tributary of the St. Lawrence River, New York, USA SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neogobius melanostomus; Etheostoma flabellare; fish habitat; diet preference; competition; tributary invasion; colonization ID LAKE-ERIE; GOBY; FISH; MICHIGAN; HABITAT; ONTARIO; OVERLAP; STREAMS; AREAS AB The initial, rapid expansion of the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) throughout the Great Lakes drainage was largely confined to lentic systems. We recently observed round gobies ascending two tributaries of the St. Lawrence River. The expansion of gobies into small lotic environments may place ecologically similar species at risk. Fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare) is one of the several benthic species of the New York Great Lakes drainages that are threatened by round goby invasion. We examined the habitat use and diet composition of fantail darters and round gobies in Mullet Creek, a third-order tributary of the St. Lawrence River, NY, USA. The objectives of this study were to determine the degree of habitat and diet overlap between fantail darters and round gobies in a tributary of the St. Lawrence River. Gobies and darters co-occurred at 22% of capture sites. Of the four habitat variables examined (cover, depth, substrate and velocity), only depth use was significantly different with gobies using deeper habitats than darters. Among the two species and size classes sampled (large vs. small), large darters had the most restricted habitat use requirements. There was variation in round goby and darter diet composition, but only moderate diet overlap occurred between fantail darters and round gobies (C = 0.43). Conditions in Mullet Creek were appropriate for the evaluation of possible spatial and dietary competition between round goby and native darters. Early detection and management of round goby invasions is critical to maintaining ecological integrity of lotic ecosystems in the St. Lawrence Valley. C1 [Abbett, Ross; Waldt, Emily M.; Johnson, James H.; McKenna, James E.; Dittman, Dawn E.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Abbett, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM rabbett@usgs.gov OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 BP 529 EP 537 DI 10.1080/02705060.2013.794165 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 294AP UT WOS:000330015100008 ER PT J AU Kaczka, LJ Miranda, LE AF Kaczka, Levi J. Miranda, L. E. TI Gradients of microhabitat and crappie (Pomoxis spp.) distributions in reservoir embayments SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-0 crappies; habitat; distribution; gradient; embayment ID LAKE; HABITATS; GROWTH AB Embayments are among the most widespread littoral habitats found in Mississippi flood-control reservoirs. These macrohabitats represent commonly used nursery zones for age-0 crappies, Pomoxis spp., despite barren and eroded shorelines formed over 60-70years of annual water level fluctuations. We tested if embayments displayed microhabitat gradients linked to the effect of water level fluctuations on riparian vegetation and if these gradients were paralleled by gradients in age-0 crappie distribution. Habitat composition changed longitudinally along the embayments with the most pronounced gradient representing a shift from nonvegetated mudflats near the mouth of embayments to herbaceous material upstream. The degree of habitat change depended on the water level. Similarly, catch rates of crappies increased upstream toward the rear of embayments, differing among water levels and reservoirs, but the longitudinal pattern persisted. Our results indicate that habitat composition gradients occur in embayments of northwest Mississippi flood-control reservoirs and that these gradients may influence a similar gradient in age-0 crappie distribution. While the biotic interactions behind the gradients may be less clear, we speculate that water level is the main factor influencing the observed gradients in habitat composition and fish. Management to benefit age-0 crappies may involve habitat improvement along embayment shorelines and water level regimes that foster growth of herbaceous plants. C1 [Kaczka, Levi J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kaczka, LJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM lkaczka@cfr.msstate.edu FU Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks through a Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration grant FX We thank Jonah Dagel, Sky Wigen, Ted Alfermann, and Ethan Mower for helping with the field work. Wes Neal provided a constructive review of the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks through a Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration grant. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 BP 561 EP 572 DI 10.1080/02705060.2013.801798 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 294AP UT WOS:000330015100011 ER PT J AU Reeve, AS Glaser, PH Rosenberry, DO AF Reeve, A. S. Glaser, P. H. Rosenberry, D. O. TI Seasonal changes in peatland surface elevation recorded at GPS stations in the Red Lake Peatlands, northern Minnesota, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE peatlands; free-phase gas; deformation; groundwater; GPS; hydraulic head ID WATER STORAGE; EBULLITION; PEATS; BOG; FLUCTUATIONS; DEFORMATION; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS; METHANE; FLUXES AB Northern peatlands appear to hold large volumes of free-phase gas (e.g., CH4 and CO2), which has been detected by surface deformations, pore pressure profiles, and electromagnetic surveys. Determining the gas content and its impact in peat is challenging because gas storage depends on both the elastic properties of the peat matrix and the buoyant forces exerted by pore fluids. We therefore used a viscoelastic deformation model to estimate these variables by adjusting model runs to reproduce observed changes in peat surface elevation within a 1300 km(2) peatland. A local GPS network documented significant changes in surface elevations throughout the year with the greatest vertical displacements associated with rapid changes in peat water content and unloadings due to melting of the winter snowpack. These changes were coherent with changes in water table elevation and also abnormal pore pressure changes measured by nests of instrumented piezometers. The deformation model reproduced these changes when the gas content was adjusted to 10% of peat volume, and Young's modulus was varied between 5 and 100 kPa as the peat profile shifted from tension to compression. In contrast, the model predicted little peat deformation when the gas content was 3% or lower. These model simulations are consistent with previous estimates of gas volume in northern peatlands and suggest an upper limit of gas storage controlled by the elastic moduli of the peat fabric. C1 [Reeve, A. S.] Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Glaser, P. H.] Univ Minnesota, Limnol Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rosenberry, D. O.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Reeve, AS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM asreeve@maine.edu RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0628459] FX Robert King (MIT) provided training for and extensive assistance with GAMIT and GLOBK GPS processing softwares. UNAVCO (Jim Normandea, Sarah Doelger, and Beth Bartel) provided support for the installation of GPS systems and provided infrastructure to archive GPS data. Joshua Rhoades assisted with field installation of GPS systems. Lee Andrews, Will Cowen, and Chris Flinn (Brainerd Helicopter) piloted helicopters used to access the field sites. Constructive comments by Dr. Kerry Keen and two anonymous reviewers enhanced the final manuscript. The authors are grateful for funding from the National Science Foundation (EAR-0628459). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or University. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1616 EP 1626 DI 10.1002/2013JG002404 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 291ZM UT WOS:000329871400023 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Nidzieko, NJ Kirwan, ML AF Ganju, Neil K. Nidzieko, Nicholas J. Kirwan, Matthew L. TI Inferring tidal wetland stability from channel sediment fluxes: Observations and a conceptual model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE Sediment transport; wetland geomorphology; wetland stability; estuarine hydrodynamics ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BRACKISH MARSH; RIVER; EROSION; ESTUARIES; UK; LANDSCAPE AB Anthropogenic and climatic forces have modified the geomorphology of tidal wetlands over a range of timescales. Changes in land use, sediment supply, river flow, storminess, and sea level alter the layout of tidal channels, intertidal flats, and marsh plains; these elements define wetland complexes. Diagnostically, measurements of net sediment fluxes through tidal channels are high-temporal resolution, spatially integrated quantities that indicate (1) whether a complex is stable over seasonal timescales and (2) what mechanisms are leading to that state. We estimated sediment fluxes through tidal channels draining wetland complexes on the Blackwater and Transquaking Rivers, Maryland, USA. While the Blackwater complex has experienced decades of degradation and been largely converted to open water, the Transquaking complex has persisted as an expansive, vegetated marsh. The measured net export at the Blackwater complex (1.0kg/s or 0.56kg/m(2)/yr over the landward marsh area) was caused by northwesterly winds, which exported water and sediment on the subtidal timescale; tidally forced net fluxes were weak and precluded landward transport of suspended sediment from potential seaward sources. Though wind forcing also exported sediment at the Transquaking complex, strong tidal forcing and proximity to a turbidity maximum led to an import of sediment (0.031kg/s or 0.70kg/m(2)/yr). This resulted in a spatially averaged accretion of 3.9mm/yr, equaling the regional relative sea level rise. Our results suggest that in areas where seaward sediment supply is dominant, seaward wetlands may be more capable of withstanding sea level rise over the short term than landward wetlands. We propose a conceptual model to determine a complex's tendency toward stability or instability based on sediment source, wetland channel location, and transport mechanisms. Wetlands with a reliable portfolio of sources and transport mechanisms appear better suited to offset natural and anthropogenic loss. C1 [Ganju, Neil K.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nidzieko, Nicholas J.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Kirwan, Matthew L.] Coll William Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02556 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX This study would not have been possible without the considerable assistance of Jonathan Borden, Patrick Brennand, Patrick Dickhudt, Kyle Derby, Sandy Baldwin, Ellyn Montgomery, Marinna Martini, Maitane Olabarrieta, and Christine Sabens. William Boicourt generously provided wave data. Funding was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Constructive comments were provided by Giulio Mariotti, Andrew Ashton, Alexander Densmore, David Schoellhamer, Don Cahoon, Glenn Guntenspergen, Richard Signell, and two anonymous reviewers. Background for the conceptual model diagram was courtesy of the Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (ian.umces.edu/symbols/). Use of brand names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 2045 EP 2058 DI 10.1002/jgrf.20143 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 292AH UT WOS:000329873500003 ER PT J AU Kean, JW McCoy, SW Tucker, GE Staley, DM Coe, JA AF Kean, Jason W. McCoy, Scott W. Tucker, Gregory E. Staley, Dennis M. Coe, Jeffrey A. TI Runoff-generated debris flows: Observations and modeling of surge initiation, magnitude, and frequency SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE debris flow; erosion; surge; sediment transport; fire ID SHALLOW-WATER; ITALIAN ALPS; DOLOMITES; WILDFIRE; CHANNEL; TRANSPORT; LANDSLIDE; COLORADO; EROSION; TORRENT AB Runoff during intense rainstorms plays a major role in generating debris flows in many alpine areas and burned steeplands. Yet compared to debris flow initiation from shallow landslides, the mechanics by which runoff generates a debris flow are less understood. To better understand debris flow initiation by surface water runoff, we monitored flow stage and rainfall associated with debris flows in the headwaters of two small catchments: a bedrock-dominated alpine basin in central Colorado (0.06km(2)) and a recently burned area in southern California (0.01km(2)). We also obtained video footage of debris flow initiation and flow dynamics from three cameras at the Colorado site. Stage observations at both sites display distinct patterns in debris flow surge characteristics relative to rainfall intensity (I). We observe small, quasiperiodic surges at low I; large, quasiperiodic surges at intermediate I; and a single large surge followed by small-amplitude fluctuations about a more steady high flow at high I. Video observations of surge formation lead us to the hypothesis that these flow patterns are controlled by upstream variations in channel slope, in which low-gradient sections act as sediment capacitors, temporarily storing incoming bed load transported by water flow and periodically releasing the accumulated sediment as a debris flow surge. To explore this hypothesis, we develop a simple one-dimensional morphodynamic model of a sediment capacitor that consists of a system of coupled equations for water flow, bed load transport, slope stability, and mass flow. This model reproduces the essential patterns in surge magnitude and frequency with rainfall intensity observed at the two field sites and provides a new framework for predicting the runoff threshold for debris flow initiation in a burned or alpine setting. C1 [Kean, Jason W.; Staley, Dennis M.; Coe, Jeffrey A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McCoy, Scott W.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Tucker, Gregory E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kean, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jwkean@usgs.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369; Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608; TUCKER, GREGORY/0000-0003-0364-5800 FU USGS Landslide Hazards Program; NSF [EAR 0643240, EAR 0952247] FX This research was supported by the USGS Landslide Hazards Program and NSF grants EAR 0643240 and EAR 0952247. We thank R. M. Iverson, three anonymous reviewers, and the Associate Editor Jon Major for many helpful comments that improved this manuscript. NR 71 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 2190 EP 2207 DI 10.1002/jgrf.20148 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 292AH UT WOS:000329873500012 ER PT J AU Asahi, K Shimizu, Y Nelson, J Parker, G AF Asahi, Kazutake Shimizu, Yasuyuki Nelson, Jonathan Parker, Gary TI Numerical simulation of river meandering with self-evolving banks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE meandering; bank erosion; land accretion; channel cutoff; discharge variation; slump block ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; ERODIBLE BANKS; BEND THEORY; CHANNEL; MIGRATION; EROSION; ADJUSTMENTS; MODEL; FLOW AB In this study, the natural process of river meandering is captured in a computational model that considers the effects of bank erosion, the process of land accretion along the inner banks of meander bends, and the formation of channel cutoffs. The methodology for predicting bank erosion explicitly includes a submodel treating the formation and eventual removal of slump blocks. The accretion of bank material on the inner bank is modeled by defining the time scale over which areas that are originally channel become land. Channel cutoff formation is treated relatively simply by recomputing the channel alignment at a single model time step when migrating banks meet. The model is used to compute meandering processes in both steady and unsteady flows. The key features of this new model are the ability (a) to describe bank depositional and bank erosional responses separately, (b) to couple them to bed morphodynamics, and thus (c) to describe coevolving river width and sinuosity. Two cases of steady flow are considered, one with a larger discharge (i.e., bankfull) and one with a smaller discharge (i.e., low flow). In the former case, the shear stress is well above the critical shear stress, but in the latter case, it is initially below it. In at least one case of constant discharge, the planform pattern can develop some sinuosity, but the pattern appears to deviate somewhat from that observed in natural meandering channels. For the case of unsteady flow, discharge variation is modeled in the simplest possible manner by cyclically alternating the two discharges used in the steady flow computations. This model produces a rich pattern of meander planform evolution that is consistent with that observed in natural rivers. Also, the relationship between the meandering evolution and the return time scale of floods is investigated by the model under the several unsteady flow patterns. The results indicate that meandering planforms have different shapes depending on the values of these two scales. In predicting meander evolution, it is important to consider the ratio of these two time scales in addition to such factors as bank erosion, slump block formation and decay, bar accretion, and cutoff formation, which are also included in the model. C1 [Asahi, Kazutake] River Ctr Hokkaido, Planning Dept, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600807, Japan. [Shimizu, Yasuyuki] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Lab Hydraul Res, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Nelson, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Parker, Gary] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL USA. [Parker, Gary] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL USA. RP Asahi, K (reprint author), River Ctr Hokkaido, Planning Dept, Kita Ku, Ito 110 Bldg,N-7 W-4, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600807, Japan. EM kazutake.asahi@gmail.com NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 2208 EP 2229 DI 10.1002/jgrf.20150 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 292AH UT WOS:000329873500013 ER PT J AU Mueller, ER Pitlick, J AF Mueller, Erich R. Pitlick, John TI Sediment supply and channel morphology in mountain river systems: 1. Relative importance of lithology, topography, and climate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Review DE sediment supply; lithology; topography; channel morphology; stream bed armoring; braided streams ID CRITICAL SHEAR-STRESS; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; EROSION RATES; HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; DENUDATION RATES; DRAINAGE BASINS; FLUME EXPERIMENT; IDAHO BATHOLITH AB Quantifying landscape-scale variations in sediment supply to streams and rivers is fundamental to our understanding of both denudational processes and stream channel morpho-dynamics. Previous studies have linked a variety of sediment-supply proxies to climatic, topographic, or geologic factors, but few have connected these directly to the characteristics of fluvial systems draining these landscapes. Here we correlate landscape controls on sediment supply to observed sedimentology and channel patterns through direct measurements of water and sediment fluxes in over 80 drainage basins ranging in area from 1.4 to 35,000km(2) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. These data show that the relative sediment supply, defined by the bankfull sediment concentration, is dominated by basin lithology, while exhibiting little correlation to factors such as relief, mean basin slope, and drainage density. Bankfull sediment concentrations (bed load and suspended load) increase as much as 100-fold as basin lithology becomes dominated by softer sedimentary and volcanic rocks, relative to basins with more resistant lithologies. As bed load concentrations increase, stream beds become less armored, and bed load grain size coarsens. At very high sediment concentrations, bed surface, subsurface, and bed load grain sizes converge and a transition from single-thread to to braided channel patterns is commonly observed. C1 [Mueller, Erich R.; Pitlick, John] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mueller, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM emueller@usgs.gov OI Mueller, Erich/0000-0001-8202-154X FU Geological Society of America Research Grant; CU-Boulder Graduate School; Gary Gaile Memorial Fellowship from the CU-Boulder Department of Geography FX The research was funded in part by a Geological Society of America Research Grant, a Beverly Sears Grant from the CU-Boulder Graduate School, and a Gary Gaile Memorial Fellowship from the CU-Boulder Department of Geography awarded to E. R. M. We thank Aaron Zettler-Mann, Derek Weller, Mike Smith, Wade Grewe, and John Schrader for assistance in the field. We gratefully acknowledge the input of Associate Editor Peter Ashmore and three anonymous reviewers whose comments strengthened this manuscript. NR 108 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 2325 EP 2342 DI 10.1002/2013JF002843 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 292AH UT WOS:000329873500020 ER PT J AU Nyman, P Sheridan, GJ Moody, JA Smith, HG Noske, PJ Lane, PNJ AF Nyman, Petter Sheridan, Gary J. Moody, John A. Smith, Hugh G. Noske, Philip J. Lane, Patrick N. J. TI Sediment availability on burned hillslopes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE erosion; sediment availability; wildfire; erodibility ID CRITICAL SHEAR-STRESS; CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION; WET EUCALYPTUS FOREST; BULKED DEBRIS FLOWS; WATER EROSION; SOIL-EROSION; ORGANIC-MATTER; OVERLAND-FLOW; STEEP SLOPES; WILDFIRE AB Erodibility describes the inherent resistance of soil to erosion. Hillslope erosion models typically consider erodibility to be constant with depth. This may not be the case after wildfire because erodibility is partly determined by the availability of noncohesive soil and ash at the surface. This study quantifies erodibility of burned soils using methods that explicitly capture variations in soil properties with depth. Flume experiments on intact cores from three sites in western United States showed that erodibility of fire-affected soil was highest at the soil surface and declined exponentially within the top 20mm of the soil profile, with root density and soil depth accounting for 62% of the variation. Variation in erodibility with depth resulted in transient sediment flux during erosion experiments on bounded field plots. Material that contributed to transient flux was conceptualized as a layer of noncohesive material of variable depth (d(nc)). This depth was related to shear strength measurements and sampled spatially to obtain the probability distribution of noncohesive material as a function of depth below the surface. After wildfire in southeast Australia, the initial d(nc) ranged from 7.5 to 9.1mm, which equated to 97-117Mgha(-1) of noncohesive material. The depth decreased exponentially with time since wildfire to 0.4mm (or <5Mgha(-1)) after 3 years of recovery. The results are organized into a framework for modeling fire effects on erodibility as a function of the production and depletion of the noncohesive layer overlying a cohesive layer. C1 [Nyman, Petter; Sheridan, Gary J.; Noske, Philip J.; Lane, Patrick N. J.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Land & Environm, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Nyman, Petter; Sheridan, Gary J.; Lane, Patrick N. J.] Bushfire Cooperat Res Ctr, East Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Nyman, Petter; Sheridan, Gary J.] Univ Melbourne, eWater Cooperat Res Ctr, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Moody, John A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Smith, Hugh G.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Nyman, P (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Land & Environm, Dept Forest & Ecosyst Sci, 221 Bouverie St, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM nymanp@unimelb.edu.au OI Smith, Hugh/0000-0003-0292-0284; sheridan, gary/0000-0003-1755-7334 FU Melbourne Water; eWater CRC; USGS; University of Melbourne FX The study was conducted as part of a postgraduate scholarship from Melbourne Water and the eWater CRC. Travel and research expenses in the U.S. were funded by the USGS and the University of Melbourne overseas research experience scholarship. Many thanks to Deborah Martin for sourcing literature and to Pierce Martin for his laboratory assistance. Fieldwork in SE Australia was conducted with support from Wim Bovill and Paul McCann. Field work in Colorado was expedited by John Smeins (BLM), Erin Watkins (BLM), and Eric Schroeder (USFS), and fieldwork in California was facilitated by Melody Fountain (USFS). Dick Martin (Martin Entreprise) was instrumental in designing and fabricating parts for the tilting flume while Graeme Scheuber (RMIT) assisted with flume illustrations. The manuscript has benefited from comments and suggestions from anonymous reviewers and the Editor. NR 91 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 2451 EP 2467 DI 10.1002/jgrf.20152 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 292AH UT WOS:000329873500029 ER PT J AU Zinger, JA Rhoads, BL Best, JL Johnson, KK AF Zinger, Jessica A. Rhoads, Bruce L. Best, James L. Johnson, Kevin K. TI Flow structure and channel morphodynamics of meander bend chute cutoffs: A case study of the Wabash River, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE bend cutoff; meandering rivers; oxbow lake; hydroacoustics (ADCP); Wabash River ID ASYMMETRICAL STREAM CONFLUENCE; OXBOW LAKES; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; BED MORPHOLOGY; SECONDARY CURRENTS; FLOODPLAIN LAKES; FISH RECRUITMENT; SIDE OVERFLOW; CONNECTIVITY; EVOLUTION AB This paper documents the three-dimensional structure of flow and bed morphology of two developing chute cutoffs on a single meander bend on the lower Wabash River, USA, and relates the flow structure to patterns of morphologic change in the evolving cutoff channels. The upstream end of the cutoff channels is characterized by: (1) a zone of flow velocity reduction/stagnation and bar development in the main channel across from the cutoff entrance, (2) flow separation and bar development along the inner (left) bank of the cutoff channel immediately downstream from the cutoff entrance, and (3) helical motion and outward advection of flow momentum entering the cutoff channel, leading to erosion of the outer (right) bank of the cutoff channel. At the downstream end of the cutoff channels, the major hydrodynamic and morphologic features are: (1) flow stagnation along the bank of the main channel immediately upstream of the cutoff channel mouth, (2) convergence of flows from the cutoff and main channels, (3) helical motion of flow from the cutoff, (4) a zone of reduced velocity along the bank of the main channel immediately downstream from the cutoff channel mouth, and (5) development of a prominent bar complex that penetrates into the main channel and extends from the stagnation zone upstream to downstream of the cutoff mouth. These results provide the basis for a conceptual model of chute-cutoff dynamics in which the upstream and downstream ends of a cutoff channel are treated as a bifurcation and confluence, respectively. C1 [Zinger, Jessica A.; Rhoads, Bruce L.; Best, James L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog & Geog Informat Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Rhoads, Bruce L.; Best, James L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Rhoads, Bruce L.; Best, James L.] Univ Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosyst Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Best, James L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Johnson, Kevin K.] US Geol Survey, IllinoisWater Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL USA. RP Zinger, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geog & Geog Informat Sci, 605 East Springfield Ave, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM zinger1@illinois.edu RI Best, Jim/P-8440-2015; OI Best, Jim/0000-0001-5314-6140; LeRoy, Jessica/0000-0003-4035-6872 FU NSF SGER Grant [BCS-0852865]; NSF [112554] FX This research was supported by NSF SGER Grant (BCS-0852865) and NSF Grant 112554. We thank Kevin Collier, Bill Norfleet, and Bill Floyd for access to the field site. We also thank Frank Engel, Jim Riley, and Kory Konsoer for assistance with data collection in the field and Ross Jackson for discussions on Wabash River morphodynamics. This manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of A. Densmore, J. Buffington, W. van Dijk, J. Hooke, and one anonymous reviewer. NR 93 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 2468 EP 2487 DI 10.1002/jgrf.20155 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 292AH UT WOS:000329873500030 ER PT J AU Churchill, CJ AF Churchill, Christopher John TI Spatio-temporal spawning and larval dynamics of a zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) population in a North Texas Reservoir: implications for invasions in the southern United States SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE zebra mussel; Dreissena polymorpha; geographic spread; veliger; population size trajectories; larval dynamics; population crash; drought; physicochemical stratification ID QUAGGA MUSSEL; LAKE MEAD; ROSTRIFORMIS-BUGENSIS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NEVADA-ARIZONA; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; SIZE STRUCTURE; VELIGERS; GROWTH AB Zebra mussels were first observed in Texas in 2009 in a reservoir (Lake Texoma) on the Texas-Oklahoma border. In 2012, an established population was found in a near-by reservoir, Ray Roberts Lake, and in June 2013, settled mussels were detected in a third north Texas reservoir, Lake Lewisville. An established population was detected in Belton Lake in September 2013. With the exception of Louisiana, these occurrences in Texas mark the current southern extent of the range of this species in the United States. Previous studies indicate that zebra mussel populations could be affected by environmental conditions, especially increased temperatures and extreme droughts, which are characteristic of surface waters of the southern and southwestern United States. Data collected during the first three years (2010-12) of a long-term monitoring program were analyzed to determine if spatio-temporal zebra mussel spawning and larval dynamics were related to physicochemical water properties in Lake Texoma. Reproductive output of the local population was significantly related to water temperature and lake elevation. Estimated mean date of first spawn in Lake Texoma was approximately 1.5 months earlier and peak veliger densities were observed two months earlier than in Lake Erie. Annual maximum veliger density declined significantly during the study period (p < 0.0001). A population crash occurred as a result of thermal stress and variability of lake elevation. In summer 2011, water temperatures peaked at 34.3 degrees C and lake elevation declined to the lowest level recorded during the previous 18 years, which resulted in desiccation of substantial numbers of settled mussels in littoral zones. Veliger spatial distributions were associated with physicochemical stratification characteristics. Veligers were observed in the deepest oxygenated water after lake stratification, which occurred in late spring. Results of this study indicate environmental conditions can influence variability of population sizes and spatial distributions of zebra mussels along the current southern frontier of their geographic range. Although the future population size trajectory and geographic range are uncertain, increased temperatures and intermittent, extreme droughts likely will affect spatio-temporal dynamics of established populations if zebra mussels spread farther into the southern and southwestern United States. C1 US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76133 USA. RP Churchill, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, 2775 Altamesa Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76133 USA. EM cchurchi@usgs.gov NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 30 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD DEC PY 2013 VL 8 IS 4 BP 389 EP 406 DI 10.3391/ai.2013.8.4.03 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283XJ UT WOS:000329280000003 ER PT J AU Duarte, A Jensen, JLR Hatfield, JS Weckerly, FW AF Duarte, Adam Jensen, Jennifer L. R. Hatfield, Jeff S. Weckerly, Floyd W. TI Spatiotemporal variation in range-wide Golden-cheeked Warbler breeding habitat SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE change detection; ERDAS Imagine; FRAGSTATS; habitat conservation; habitat dynamics; land cover; land use; Setophaga chrysoparia ID NEST SURVIVAL; LANDSCAPES; SONGBIRD; TEXAS AB Habitat availability ultimately limits the distribution and abundance of wildlife species. Consequently, it is paramount to identify where wildlife habitat is and understand how it changes over time in order to implement large-scale wildlife conservation plans. Yet, no work has quantified the degree of change in range-wide breeding habitat for the Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia), despite the species being listed as endangered by the U. S. Federal Government. Thus, using available GIS data and Landsat imagery we quantified range-wide warbler breeding habitat change from 1999-2001 to 2010-2011. We detected a 29% reduction in total warbler breeding habitat and found that warbler breeding habitat was removed and became more fragmented at uneven rates across the warbler's breeding range during this time period. This information will assist researchers and managers in prioritizing breeding habitat conservation efforts for the species and provides a foundation for more realistic carrying capacity scenarios when modeling Golden-cheeked Warbler populations over time. Additionally, this study highlights the need for future work centered on quantifying Golden-cheeked Warbler movement rates and distances in order to assess the degree of connectivity between increasingly fragmented habitat patches. C1 [Duarte, Adam; Weckerly, Floyd W.] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Jensen, Jennifer L. R.] Texas State Univ, Texas Ctr Geog Informat Sci, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Hatfield, Jeff S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Duarte, A (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM ad1401@txstate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Houston Safari Club; National Wild Turkey Foundation FX This project was partially funded by a grant to the authors from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Science Support Program, and we are thankful to the USFWS for agreeing to fund our study under this program. A. Duarte would also like to thank the Houston Safari Club and the National Wild Turkey Foundation for providing additional funding through scholarships. D. D. Diamond and his team at the Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership (MoRAP) provided helpful suggestions in the initial stages of this project and comments on a previous manuscript draft. Collectively, this lead to what we believe is a much improved research project and we are grateful. Recovery-unit boundary shapefiles were provided by the Austin Ecological Services Office of the USFWS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2013 VL 4 IS 12 AR UNSP 152 DI 10.1890/ES13-00229.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285PI UT WOS:000329405700008 ER PT J AU Melnick, D Moreno, M Motagh, M Cisternas, M Wesson, RL AF Melnick, Daniel Moreno, Marcos Motagh, Mahdi Cisternas, Marco Wesson, Robert L. TI Splay fault slip during the M-w 8.8 2010 Maule Chile earthquake Reply SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Melnick, Daniel] Univ Potsdam, Inst Erd & Umweltwissensch, D-14476 Golm, Germany. [Moreno, Marcos; Motagh, Mahdi] GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Cisternas, Marco] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso 1020, Chile. [Wesson, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Melnick, D (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Erd & Umweltwissensch, D-14476 Golm, Germany. RI Melnick, Daniel/G-8484-2011; OI Melnick, Daniel/0000-0001-8397-7391; Moreno, Marcos/0000-0002-6023-7283 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2013 VL 41 IS 12 BP E310 EP E310 DI 10.1130/G34825Y.1 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA 290VJ UT WOS:000329786200010 ER PT J AU Kroll, KA Cochran, ES Richards-Dinger, KB Sumy, DF AF Kroll, Kayla A. Cochran, Elizabeth S. Richards-Dinger, Keith B. Sumy, Danielle F. TI Aftershocks of the 2010 M-w 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake reveal complex faulting in the Yuha Desert, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE El Mayor-Cucapah; aftershock relocation; conjugate faulting; seismicity rates; spatio-temporal migration of aftershocks; Hypoinverse; Velest; hypoDD ID FORM CROSS-CORRELATION; SUPERSTITION HILLS FAULT; NORTHERN HAYWARD FAULT; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; HYPOCENTER RELOCATION; SEISMIC NETWORK; CALAVERAS FAULT AB We detect and precisely locate over 9500 aftershocks that occurred in the Yuha Desert region during a 2 month period following the 4 April 2010 M-w 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah (EMC) earthquake. Events are relocated using a series of absolute and relative relocation procedures that include Hypoinverse, Velest, and hypoDD. Location errors are reduced to approximate to 40 m horizontally and approximate to 120 m vertically. Aftershock locations reveal a complex pattern of faulting with en echelon fault segments trending toward the northwest, approximately parallel to the North American-Pacific plate boundary and en echelon, conjugate features trending to the northeast. The relocated seismicity is highly correlated with published surface mapping of faults that experienced triggered surface slip in response to the EMC main shock. Aftershocks occurred between 2 km and 11 km depths, consistent with previous studies of seismogenic thickness in the region. Three-dimensional analysis reveals individual and intersecting fault planes that are limited in their along-strike length. These fault planes remain distinct structures at depth, indicative of conjugate faulting, and do not appear to coalesce onto a throughgoing fault segment. We observe a complex spatiotemporal migration of aftershocks, with seismicity that jumps between individual fault segments that are active for only a few days to weeks. Aftershock rates are roughly consistent with the expected earthquake production rates of Dieterich (1994). The conjugate pattern of faulting and nonuniform aftershock migration patterns suggest that strain in the Yuha Desert is being accommodated in a complex manner. C1 [Kroll, Kayla A.; Richards-Dinger, Keith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Cochran, Elizabeth S.; Sumy, Danielle F.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Kroll, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside Geol Bldg,900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM kkrol001@ucr.edu RI Kroll, Kayla/H-6518-2016 OI Kroll, Kayla/0000-0003-3582-9874 FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) FX We are very grateful to J.H. Steidl and the groups from UCR, UCSB, and CSUSD who participated in the temporary deployment. We further thank J.H. Steidl and W. Ellsworth for their constructive reviews and guidance; our discussions were instrumental to the successful relocation of these earthquakes and clarity of this paper. We highly appreciate J.H. Dieterich's insight and contribution to the aftershock rate section and G.J. Funning's comments on original thesis, from which this work stemmed. Additionally, we thank T. Diehl for sharing useful data reformatting scripts that convert between Velest and hypoDD. The majority of the figures in this paper were made using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) [Wessel and Smith, 1998]. Funding for this work was provided by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 6146 EP 6164 DI 10.1002/2013JB010529 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 291TD UT WOS:000329851800009 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Prejean, S AF Gomberg, Joan Prejean, Stephanie TI Triggered tremor sweet spots in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE triggered tremor; slow slip; Alaska; subduction; friction ID TECTONIC NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; CRUSTAL TRANSECT; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; SILENT SLIP; EARTHQUAKE; CONTINUUM; BENEATH; STRESS; EVENT AB To better understand what controls fault slip along plate boundaries, we have exploited the abundance of seismic and geodetic data available from the richly varied tectonic environments composing Alaska. A search for tremor triggered by 11 large earthquakes throughout all of seismically monitored Alaska reveals two tremor sweet spotsregions where large-amplitude seismic waves repeatedly triggered tremor between 2006 and 2012. The two sweet spots locate in very different tectonic environmentsone just trenchward and between the Aleutian islands of Unalaska and Akutan and the other in central mainland Alaska. The Unalaska/Akutan spot corroborates previous evidence that the region is ripe for tremor, perhaps because it is located where plate-interface frictional properties transition between stick-slip and stably sliding in both the dip direction and laterally. The mainland sweet spot coincides with a region of complex and uncertain plate interactions, and where no slow slip events or major crustal faults have been noted previously. Analyses showed that larger triggering wave amplitudes, and perhaps lower frequencies (90%) over MBBs data (varied between 45 and 84%). Finally, the study highlighted 29 HNBs of Hyperion that are optimal in the study of agricultural crops and potentially significant to the upcoming NASA HyspIRI mission. Determining optimal and redundant bands for a given application will help overcoming the Hughes' phenomenon (or curse of high dimensionality of data). (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Mariotto, Isabella] Univ Arizona, Soil Water & Environm Sci Dept, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mariotto, Isabella; Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Huete, Alfredo] Univ Technol Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Slonecker, E. Terrence] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Platonov, Alexander] Int Water Management Inst, Tashkent Off, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. RP Mariotto, I (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM is.mariotto@gmail.com RI Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 FU NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division [NNH10ZDA001N-HYSPIRI] FX The authors are thankful to NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division for the research grant in response to NASA ROSES HyspIRI solicitation (NNH10ZDA001N-HYSPIRI). NR 43 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 139 BP 291 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.002 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285TK UT WOS:000329417700024 ER PT J AU Mulder, VL de Bruin, S Weyermann, J Kokaly, RF Schaepman, ME AF Mulder, V. L. de Bruin, S. Weyermann, J. Kokaly, R. F. Schaepman, M. E. TI Characterizing regional soil mineral composition using spectroscopy and geostatistics SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fixed Rank Kriging; Digital soil mapping; ASTER; Spectroscopy; Spectral feature comparison; Mineral identification ID SPATIAL PREDICTION; USGS TETRACORDER; REGRESSION; VEGETATION; CARBON; MODEL; AREA; ATTRIBUTES; VARIOGRAMS; VARIABLES AB This work aims at improving the mapping of major mineral variability at regional scale using scale-dependent spatial variability observed in remote sensing data. Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and statistical methods were combined with laboratory-based mineral characterization of field samples to create maps of the distributions of clay, mica and carbonate minerals and their abundances. The Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm (MICA) was used to identify the spectrally-dominant minerals in field samples; these results were combined with ASTER data using multinomial logistic regression to map mineral distributions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to quantify mineral composition in field samples. XRD results were combined with ASTER data using multiple linear regression to map mineral abundances. We tested whether smoothing of the ASTER data to match the scale of variability of the target sample would improve model correlations. Smoothing was done with Fixed Rank Kriging (FRK) to represent the medium and long-range spatial variability in the ASTER data. Stronger correlations resulted using the smoothed data compared to results obtained with the original data. Highest model accuracies came from using both medium and long-range scaled ASTER data as input to the statistical models. High correlation coefficients were obtained for the abundances of calcite and mica (R-2 = 0.71 and 0.70, respectively). Moderately-high correlation coefficients were found for smectite and kaolinite (R-2 = 0.57 and 0.45, respectively). Maps of mineral distributions, obtained by relating ASTER data to MICA analysis of field samples, were found to characterize major soil mineral variability (overall accuracies for mica, smectite and kaolinite were 76%, 89% and 86% respectively). The results of this study suggest that the distributions of minerals and their abundances derived using FRK-smoothed ASTER data more closely match the spatial variability of soil and environmental properties at regional scale. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mulder, V. L.; de Bruin, S.; Schaepman, M. E.] Wageningen Univ, Lab Geoinformat Sci & Remote Sensing, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Mulder, V. L.; Weyermann, J.; Schaepman, M. E.] Univ Zurich, Remote Sensing Labs, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kokaly, R. F.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mulder, VL (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Lab Geoinformat Sci & Remote Sensing, Droevendaalsesteeg 3,POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM vlmulder0@gmail.com RI de Bruin, Sytze/N-1183-2014; Schaepman, Michael/B-9213-2009; Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017; OI Mulder, V.L./0000-0003-4936-0077; Schaepman, Michael/0000-0002-9627-9565; Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101; de Bruin, Sytze/0000-0002-6884-2832 FU EU FP7 program under the e-SOTER project [211578]; Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX We acknowledge financial support from the EU FP7 program under the e-SOTER project (contract 211578). R Kokaly was supported by the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank M. Katzfuss for insightful comments on Fixed Rank Kriging. We thank M. Plotze and C. Mavris for their assistance in the mineral diffraction analysis. We acknowledge INRA Maroc for their support with sampling field data. NR 83 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 139 BP 415 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.018 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285TK UT WOS:000329417700033 ER PT J AU Xian, G Homer, C Meyer, D Granneman, B AF Xian, George Homer, Collin Meyer, Debbie Granneman, Brian TI An approach for characterizing the distribution of shrubland ecosystem components as continuous fields as part of NLCD SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Shurbland; Regression tree; Continuous field; Landsat; WorldView-2 ID VEGETATION RELATIONSHIPS; SPATIOTEMPORAL CHANGES; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; LAND-COVER; SAGEBRUSH; DESERT; COMMUNITIES; CALIFORNIA; ALLIANCE; COLORADO AB Characterizing and quantifying distributions of shrubland ecosystem components is one of the major challenges for monitoring shrubland vegetation cover change across the United States. A new approach has been developed to quantify shrubland components as fractional products within National Land Cover Database (NLCD). This approach uses remote sensing data and regression tree models to estimate the fractional cover of shrubland ecosystem components. The approach consists of three major steps: field data collection, high resolution estimates of shrubland ecosystem components using WorldView-2 imagery, and coarse resolution estimates of these components across larger areas using Landsat imagery. This research seeks to explore this method to quantify shrubland ecosystem components as continuous fields in regions that contain wide-ranging shrubland ecosystems. Fractional cover of four shrubland ecosystem components, including bare ground, herbaceous, litter, and shrub, as well as shrub heights, were delineated in three ecological regions in Arizona, Florida, and Texas. Results show that estimates for most components have relatively small normalized root mean square errors and significant correlations with validation data in both Arizona and Texas. The distribution patterns of shrub height also show relatively high accuracies in these two areas. The fractional cover estimates of shrubland components, except for litter, are not well represented in the Florida site. The research results suggest that this method provides good potential to effectively characterize shrubland ecosystem conditions over perennial shrubland although it is less effective in transitional shrubland. The fractional cover of shrub components as continuous elements could offer valuable information to quantify biomass and help improve thematic land cover classification in arid and semiarid areas. (C) 2013 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS) Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xian, George] USGS, ASRC, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Homer, Collin] USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Meyer, Debbie; Granneman, Brian] USGS, SGT, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), USGS, ASRC, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov FU USGS [G10PC00044, G13PC00028] FX The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments and constructive suggestions. We also thank James Vogelmann for reviewing the draft of the manuscript. George Xian's work is performed under USGS Contract G13PC00028. Debbie Meyer and Brian Granneman's work are performed under USGS Contract G10PC00044. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 86 BP 136 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.09.009 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285VC UT WOS:000329422100012 ER PT J AU Kistler, WM Hernandez, SM Gibbs, SEJ Ballard, JR Arnold, SL Johnson, T Yabsley, MJ AF Kistler, Whitney M. Hernandez, Sonia M. Gibbs, Samantha E. J. Ballard, Jennifer R. Arnold, Sarah L. Johnson, Todd Yabsley, Michael J. TI Evaluation of a Restriction Fragment Length Enzyme Assay for Differentiation of Haemoproteus and Plasmodium Across a Standard Region of the Mitochondrial Genome SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN BLOOD PARASITES; MALARIA PARASITES; BIRDS; INFECTIONS; LEUCOCYTOZOON; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY; PRIMERS AB Avian hemosporidian parasites are a genetically diverse group of parasites with a near cosmopolitan distribution. Over the past 2 decades, several PCR protocols have been designed to detect these parasites. The majority of these protocols amplify part of or the entire mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. However, many of these protocols coamplify 2 genera (Haemoproteus and Plasmodium), making it impossible to determine which genus is amplified without post-PCR analysis. A uniform database (MalAvi), containing sequences amplified with the primers HAEMF and HAEMR2, has been developed to increase comparability across studies. We analyzed sequences from the MalAvi database and new sequences and found that digestion with EcoRV could be used to distinguish Haemoproteus from the majority of Plasmodium sequences. In addition, we tested 220 wild birds from Costa Rica and the United States for avian hemosporidians and assessed the ability of EcoRV to distinguish these 2 genera. Thirty-six positive samples were sequenced to confirm the restriction profiles, and we also analyzed 63 new hemosporidian sequences from ongoing studies in the United States for the restriction site. Among these new samples, all of the 85 Haemoproteus (subgenus Parahaemoproteus) and 14 Plasmodium were distinguishable. Overall, 887 of 898 (98.8%) sequences from our studies and the MalAvi database were assigned to the correct genus. Of these samples, all Haemoproteus samples were correctly identified and all but 11 Plasmodium samples were correctly identified by the EcoRV assay. Overall, this restriction enzyme protocol is able to quickly and efficiently classify these 2 genera of avian malarial parasites and would be useful for researchers interested in identifying parasites to genus-level, studies focused on sequence analysis of only a single genus, or for detecting C1 [Kistler, Whitney M.; Hernandez, Sonia M.; Arnold, Sarah L.; Johnson, Todd; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hernandez, Sonia M.; Ballard, Jennifer R.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gibbs, Samantha E. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Kistler, WM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM whitney.kistler@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Avian Health and Disease Program; NSF Graduate Student Fellowship (SMH) FX The authors would like to thank A. Howey-Newsome for help in field collection, B. Munk, P. Oesterle, and B. Shock for comments in regard to manuscript preparation, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Avian Health and Disease Program and NSF Graduate Student Fellowship (SMH) for funding. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1133 EP 1136 DI 10.1645/13-211.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 282JY UT WOS:000329168600034 PM 23641900 ER PT J AU Gellis, AC Mukundan, R AF Gellis, Allen C. Mukundan, Rajith TI Watershed sediment source identification: tools, approaches, and case studies SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; DELIVERY C1 [Gellis, Allen C.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Mukundan, Rajith] CUNY, Inst Sustainable Cities, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Gellis, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM agellis@usgs.gov; Rajith.Mukundan@hunter.cuny.edu NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 EI 1614-7480 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD DEC PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1655 EP 1657 DI 10.1007/s11368-013-0778-z PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 248LH UT WOS:000326700800001 ER PT J AU Gellis, AC Noe, GB AF Gellis, Allen C. Noe, Gregory B. TI Sediment source analysis in the Linganore Creek watershed, Maryland, USA, using the sediment fingerprinting approach: 2008 to 2010 SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Bank erosion; Chesapeake Bay; Sediment budget; Sediment fingerprinting ID RIVER BANK EROSION; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; CATCHMENT; NITROGEN; BASINS; MANAGEMENT; STREAMS; CARBON; YIELDS; BED AB Fine-grained sediment is an important pollutant in streams and estuaries, including the Chesapeake Bay in the USA. The objective of this study was to determine the sources of fine-grained sediment using the sediment fingerprinting approach in the Linganore Creek watershed, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay. The sediment fingerprinting approach was used in the agricultural and forested, 147-km(2) Linganore Creek watershed, Maryland from 1 August 2008 to 31 December 2010 to determine the relative percentage contribution from different potential sources of fine-grained sediment. Fine-grained suspended sediment samples (< 63 mu m) were collected during storm events in Linganore Creek using an automatic sampler and manual isokinetic samplers. Source samples were collected from 40 stream bank sites, 24 agricultural (cropland and pasture) sites, and 19 forested sites. Suspended sediment and source samples were analyzed for elements and stable isotopes. Results of sediment fingerprinting for 194 samples collected in 36 separate storm events indicate that stream banks contributed 53% of the annual fine-grained suspended sediment load, agriculture contributed 44%, and forests contributed 3%. Peak flows and sediment loads of the storms correlate to stream bank erosion. The highest peak flows occurred in the winter and, along with freeze-thaw activity, contributed to winter months showing the highest rate of stream bank erosion. Peak flow was negatively correlated to sediment sources from agricultural lands which had the greatest contribution in non-winter months. Caution should be observed when trying to interpret the relation between sediment sources and individual storms using the sediment fingerprinting approach. Because the sediment fingerprinting results from individual storms may not include the temporal aspects of the sourced sediment, sediment that is in storage from previous events, remobilized and sampled during the current event, will reflect previous storm characteristics. Stream bank sediment is delivered directly to the channel during an event, whereas the delivery of upland sediment to the stream is lower due to storage on hillslopes and/or in channels, sediment from stream banks are more likely to be related to the characteristics of the sampled storm event. Stream banks and agricultural lands are both important sources of fine-grained sediment in the Linganore Creek watershed. Peak flows and sediment loads for the 36 storms show a significant relation to sediment sources from stream bank erosion. Attempting to link upland sediment sources to flow and seasonal characteristics is difficult since much of the upland sediment eroded in an event goes into storage. By averaging sediment sources over several storms, it may be possible to determine not only the sediment sources that are directly contributed during the current event but also sediment from previous events that was in storage and remobilized. C1 [Gellis, Allen C.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Gellis, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM agellis@usgs.gov OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU USGS FX The authors would like to acknowledge several persons who assisted in this study. We would like to thank Michael Marschner and Shannon Moore, Frederick County, who were quintessential in getting this project started. Scott Phillips and Joel Blomquist, USGS Chesapeake Bay Program, for their support and assistance in developing this study. Art Horowitz for suggestions on sediment chemistry interpretations. Desmond Walling for assistance with sediment fingerprinting analysis. Carol Kendall for suggestions on stable isotope analysis. To all the property owners in the Linganore Creek watershed that gave us permission to collect sediment samples on their property. NR 62 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 32 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 EI 1614-7480 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD DEC PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1735 EP 1753 DI 10.1007/s11368-013-0771-6 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 248LH UT WOS:000326700800007 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Cincotta, DA Starnes, WC AF Welsh, Stuart A. Cincotta, Daniel A. Starnes, Wayne C. TI First Records of Nocomis biguttatus (Hornyhead Chub) from West Virginia Discovered in Museum Voucher Specimens SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GENUS NOCOMIS AB Specimens of Nocomis biguttatus (Hornyhead Chub) from South Fork Hughes River (Little Kanawha River drainage, WV) were discovered in two museum lots at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. These accessions, collected in 1960 and 1966, represent an addition to the state fauna and are the first distribution records for this species from the Appalachian Plateau, WV. C1 [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Cincotta, Daniel A.] West Virginia Div Nat Resources, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. [Starnes, Wayne C.] North Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Res Lab, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD DEC PY 2013 VL 20 IS 4 BP N19 EP N22 DI 10.1656/045.020.0412 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283EB UT WOS:000329227100003 ER PT J AU East, MB Fillmore, BM Ligon, DB AF East, Mitchell B. Fillmore, Brian M. Ligon, Day B. TI Feeding Behavior of Captive-Reared Juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MACROCLEMYS-TEMMINCKII; HABITAT; LOUISIANA; MOVEMENTS AB Feeding preference of Macrochelys termitickii (Alligator Snapping Turtle) is not well known. Juveniles reared with no prior exposure to natural prey were tested for innate prey (i.e., fish) preference and foraging ability for mussels in coarse and fine substrates. Alligator Snapping Turtles consumed fish non-selectively, except that they selected Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) over Gambusia affinis (Mosquitofish) in live-prey trials, and Lepomis cyanellus (Green Sunfish) over Notemigonus crysoleucas (Golden Shiners) in carrion trials. Juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtles were less active and less successful when foraging for a benthic prey species, Lampsilis siliquoidea (Fatmucket), in coarse substrate than they were when the mussels were in fine and no substrates. Juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtle preference for Bluegill in a controlled environment corresponds to predator and prey habitat associations but could also be influenced by prey (i.e., fish) behavior. Likewise, enhanced activity and prey encounters in fine substrate are consistent with observations of Alligator Snapping Turtle habitat use. C1 [East, Mitchell B.; Ligon, Day B.] SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Fillmore, Brian M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tishomingo Natl Fish Hatchery, Tishomingo, OK 73460 USA. RP East, MB (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Nat Heritage New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mitch.east86@gmail.com FU Missouri State University Graduate College and Biology Department; Sigma Xi FX We would like to thank the staff at Tishomingo National Fish Hatchery for providing support and use of their facilities. This project was funded by the Missouri State University Graduate College and Biology Department and a Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid of Research to M.B. East. The work was conducted with the approval of the Missouri State University Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol # 11025). NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 12 IS 4 BP 692 EP 702 DI 10.1656/058.012.0409 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283EN UT WOS:000329228600009 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JP Richter, J AF Carpenter, John P. Richter, Jean TI Current Distribution, Relative Abundance, and Landscape-Level Habitat Associations of the Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea) along the Lower Roanoke River in North Carolina SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-PATTERN; BIRD; EDGE; MICROHABITAT; SONGBIRD; FORESTS AB Setophaga cerulea (Cerulean Warbler) has been inadequately monitored along the Roanoke River in North Carolina since a breeding population was discovered there in 1972. Our objectives were to estimate the Cerulean Warbler's current population size and distribution along the river, and evaluate landscape habitat characteristics in the Roanoke River Basin among areas used and unused by the same species. In May 2001 and 2011, we surveyed for singing male Cerulean Warblers, primarily by boat, along approximately 160 km of the Roanoke River from Weldon to Williamston in northeast North Carolina. We found Cerulean Warblers in three distinct groups along the Roanoke River during both survey years; however, we detected at least 32.4% fewer males in 2011 (n = 23) than in 2001 (n = 34). The landscape within 500 in of areas used by Cerulean Warblers had significanlty less crop cover, blackwater floodplain (i.e., swamp) forest, and variation in mean canopy height than unused landscapes we surveyed. These same differences existed at distances up to 1 kin, but several additional dissimilarities became evident at this scale, including presence of more evergreen plantations and a greater fragmentation of the dominant forested land cover at used versus unused landscapes. We recommend continued monitoring of the Cerulean Warbler along the Roanoke River, increased habitat protection, and encourage an in-depth investigation into management strategies to sustain this population. C1 [Carpenter, John P.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Richter, Jean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Roanoke River NWR, Windsor, NC 27983 USA. RP Carpenter, JP (reprint author), North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, 1751 Vars Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM john.carpenter@ncwildlife.org FU North Carolina State Wildlife Grants (SWG) program of the USFWS FX Funding for our study was provided by North Carolina State Wildlife Grants (SWG) program of the USFWS. We especially thank Coastal Lumber Company and Brad Antil for granting access to their property. We are indebted to many individuals who volunteered their time to assist with these surveys: David Allen, Jack Baker, Brady Beck, Matt Connolly, Derb Carter, Ed Corey, John Finnegan, Charlotte Goesche, Boyd Goss, Jeffrey Hall, Elaine Hammond, John Hammond, John Hardister, Jeff Horton, Cynthia Janes, Adam Johnson, Harry LeGrand, J. Merrill Lynch, Brian McLean, Nora Murdock, Eddie Owens, Chuck Peoples, Johnny Parks, Will Rowland, Doak Wilkins, and John Wright. Dr. Yong Wang graciously provided statistical assistance. The comments of two anonymous reviewers and Ron Taylor were vital to the publication of this manuscript and are greatly appreciated. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 12 IS 4 BP 723 EP 737 DI 10.1656/058.012.0415 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283EN UT WOS:000329228600011 ER PT J AU Loughman, ZJ Foltz, DA Welsh, SA AF Loughman, Zachary J. Foltz, David A., II Welsh, Stuart A. TI Baited Lines: An Active Nondestructive Collection Method for Burrowing Crayfish SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB A new method (baited lines) is described for the collection of burrowing crayfishes, where fishing hooks baited with earthworms and tied to monofilament leaders are used to lure crayfishes from their burrow entrances. We estimated capture rates using baited lines at four locations across West Virginia for a total of four crayfish taxa; the taxa studied were orange; blue, and blue/orange morphs of Cambarus dubius (Upland Burrowing Catfish), and C. thomai (Little Brown Mudbug). Baited-line capture rates were lowest for C. dimwit (81%; n = 21 attempts) and highest for the orange morph of C. dubius (99%; 11 = 13 attempts). The pooled capture rate across all taxa was 91.5% (n = 50 attempts). Baited lines represent an environmentally nondestructive method to capture burrowing crayfishes without harm to individuals, and without disturbing burrows or the surrounding area. This novel method allows for repeat captures and long-term studies, providing a useful sampling method for ecological studies of burrowing crayfishes. C1 [Loughman, Zachary J.] West Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, West Liberty, WV 26704 USA. [Foltz, David A., II] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, WV Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Loughman, ZJ (reprint author), West Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, West Liberty, WV 26704 USA. EM zloughman@westliberty.edu FU West Liberty University's Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics FX We would like to thank Nicole Garrison, Tricia Kangisser, and Nate Taylor for assistance in the field, and West Liberty University's Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics for financial assistance. Comments from three anonymous reviewers greatly increased the quality of the manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 12 IS 4 BP 809 EP 815 DI 10.1656/058.012.0427 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283EN UT WOS:000329228600018 ER PT J AU Wiewel, ANM Dinsmore, SJ Collazo, JA AF Wiewel, Amber N. M. Dinsmore, Stephen J. Collazo, Jaime A. TI NEST SURVIVAL AND BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE PUERTO RICAN BULLFINCH (LOXIGILLA PORTORICENSIS) IN SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO RICO SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding biology; bullfinch; frugivory; Loxigilla; nest survival; Puerto Rico ID SHADED COFFEE PLANTATIONS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; BIRD COMMUNITY; SUCCESS; PREDATION; FOREST; FRAGMENTATION; PARASITISM; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCE AB Breeding biology information, including nest survival estimates, are lacking for many nesting species in Puerto Rico. We studied the endemic Puerto Rican Bullfinch (Loxigilla portoricensis), and modeled daily nest survival to better understand the effects of several factors on daily nest survival. In 2009 and 2010 we monitored 37 bullfinch nests at two sites in southwestern Puerto Rico. Predation was the most important cause of nest failure. Ten nest survival models received approximately equal support. No temporal trends in nest survival were supported over others. Results suggested that available fruit is important for successful nesting, increased precipitation is related to higher nest survival, nest survival varied by site, and increased nest height is related to lower nest survival in bullfinches. Under the top model, daily nest survival rates for each site and nest stage ranged from 0.83-0.86% in 2009 and 0.80-0.93% in 2010. This information on nest survival and factors that influence it increases our understanding of the breeding biology of the bullfinch, and will ultimately help inform future studies and conservation efforts in southwestern Puerto Rico. C1 [Wiewel, Amber N. M.; Dinsmore, Stephen J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wiewel, ANM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM awiewel@usgs.gov FU Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources; North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Iowa State University FX Financial and logistical support was provided by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Iowa State University. We are grateful to our dedicated assistants for their invaluable work in the field. We thank M. Canals for permission to work in Guanica and A. Morales Perez, C. Nytch, and J. Sustache for helping with plant identification. This work was conducted under the NCSU Animal Care and Use Permit 09-040-O. J. Faaborg and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 125 IS 4 BP 720 EP 730 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 285GJ UT WOS:000329381500004 ER PT J AU Warnock, N Handel, CM Gill, RE Mccaffery, BJ AF Warnock, Nils Handel, Colleen M. Gill, Robert E., Jr. Mccaffery, Brian J. TI Residency Times and Patterns of Movement of Postbreeding Dunlin on a Subarctic Staging Area in Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Dunlin; Calidris alpina; Alaska; Bering Sea; migration; staging; shorebird ID BAR-TAILED GODWITS; SANDPIPER CALIDRIS ALPINA; AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES; NORTH-AMERICA; MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; WESTERN SANDPIPERS; STOPOVER ECOLOGY; WINTERING AREAS; FUEL DEPOSITION; SITE FIDELITY AB Understanding how individuals use key resources is critical for effective conservation of a population. The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) in western Alaska is the most important postbreeding staging area for shorebirds in the subarctic North Pacific, yet little is known about movements of shorebirds there during the postbreeding period. To address this information gap, we studied residency times and patterns of movement of 17 adult and 17 juvenile radio-marked Dunlin (Calidris alpina) on the YKD between early August and early October 2005. Throughout this postbreeding period, during which Dunlin were molting, most birds were relocated within a 130 km radius of their capture site on the YKD, but three birds were relocated more than 600 km to the south at estuaries along the Alaska Peninsula. On average, juvenile Dunlin were relocated farther away from the banding site (median relocation distance = 36.3 km) than adult Dunlin (median relocation distance = 8.8 km). Post-capture, minimum lengths of stay by Dunlin on the YKD were not significantly different between juveniles (median = 19 days) and adults (median = 23 days), with some birds staging for more than 50 days. Body mass at time of capture was the best single variable explaining length of stay on the YKD, with average length of stay decreasing by 2.5 days per additional gram of body mass at time of capture. Conservation efforts for postbreeding shorebirds should consider patterns of resource use that may differ not only by age cohort but also by individual condition. C1 [Warnock, Nils] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Handel, Colleen M.; Gill, Robert E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Mccaffery, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Warnock, N (reprint author), Audubon Alaska, 441 West 5th Ave,Suite 300, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM nwarnock@andubon.org OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU PRBO Conservation Science; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank staff of the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge for indispensable logistical support of this study, particularly pilots Mike Rearden, Isaac Bedingfield, Robert Sundown, and George Walters and refuge operations specialist Pat Snow. Jesse Conklin, Sarah Jamieson, Marcel Klaassen, Ake Lindstrom, David Melville, Adrian Riegen, and Dick Vietch assisted with capturing and listening for radio-marked birds and provided thoughtful insights into many aspects of this study. We thank Guy Morrison, John Pearce, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Participation in this project was, in part, facilitated by the 2005 Beringia Expedition arranged by the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat. We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and donors to PRBO Conservation Science for funding this study. Capture and handling of birds were authorized under USGS permit 20022 issued to the Alaska Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided significant financial and logistical support for this study, the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the agency. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 23 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2013 VL 66 IS 4 BP 407 EP 416 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 282AQ UT WOS:000329142900003 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JC Walls, SC AF Mitchell, Joseph C. Walls, Susan C. TI Nest Site Selection by Diamond-Backed Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) on a Mid-Atlantic Barrier Island SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL SEX DETERMINATION; TURTLE NESTS; PREDATION; LANDSCAPE; RACCOONS; REPTILES; ECOLOGY; HABITAT AB We scored 48 Malaclemys terrapin nests destroyed by raccoons on Fisherman Island, Virginia, for the presence or absence of tree canopy, shrub canopy, no canopy, bare sand, grass cover, and herbaceous cover. Significantly more nests than expected were found in the open with no vegetation cover and observed distances of predator-destroyed nests from the edge of the nearest habitat island of woody vegetation were significantly different from a normal distribution; most were placed near the island margin. Our results underscore the need to understand the influence of predator search behavior on terrapin nest survival in different habitat types. C1 [Mitchell, Joseph C.] Mitchell Ecol Res Serv LLC, High Springs, FL 32655 USA. [Walls, Susan C.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Mitchell, JC (reprint author), Mitchell Ecol Res Serv LLC, POB 2520, High Springs, FL 32655 USA. EM dr.joe.mitchell@gmail.com; swalls@usgs.gov OI Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Pamela Denmon, wildlife manager, for US Fish and Wildlife Service financial support of this study, logistical support, and permission to work on Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge. She and Amanda Hackney provided valuable information on terrapin nesting times and locations. Dr Bryan Watts provided information on island birds and read the manuscript. Our use of particular trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 12 IS 2 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 278FB UT WOS:000328873500012 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Biggins, DE Livieri, TM Millspaugh, JJ AF Eads, David A. Biggins, Dean E. Livieri, Travis M. Millspaugh, Joshua J. TI American badgers selectively excavate burrows in areas used by black-footed ferrets: implications for predator avoidance SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE American badger; black-footed ferret; Cynomys; digging; evolution; Mustela eversmanii; Mustela nigripes; predation; Taxidea taxus ID INTRAGUILD PREDATION; TAXIDEA-TAXUS; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; RESOURCE SELECTION; SIBERIAN POLECATS; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; PRAIRIE DOGS; ARMS RACES; ECOLOGY AB We evaluated how American badgers (Taxidea taxus) might exert selective pressure on black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) to develop antipredator defenses. In a colony of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in South Dakota, badgers concentrated their activities where burrow openings and prairie dogs were abundant, a selective behavior that was exhibited by ferrets in the same colony. Badgers excavated burrows more often when in areas recently used by a ferret, suggesting that badgers hunt ferrets or steal prey from ferrets, or both. We also conducted an analysis of survival studies for ferrets and Siberian polecats (M. eversmanii) released onto prairie dog colonies. This polecat is the ferret's ecological equivalent but evolved without a digging predator. Badgers accounted for 30.0% of predation on polecats and 5.5% of predation on ferrets. In contrast, both polecats and fends have evolutionary experience with canids, providing a plausible explanation for the similar relative impact of coyotes (Canis latrans) on them (65.0% and 67.1% of predation, respectively). We hypothesize that ferrets and badgers coexist because ferrets are superior at exploitation competition and are efficient at avoiding badgers, and badgers are superior at interference competition. C1 [Eads, David A.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. [Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM david.eads@colostate.edu FU South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks [2435]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0058-0000]; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Forest Service; United States Geological Survey; Denver Zoological Foundation; Prairie Wildlife Research; University of Missouri FX The study of resource selection by badgers was made possible through the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks (State Wildlife Grant T35 study number 2435); the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grant 2006-0058-0000); the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; the United States Forest Service; the United States Geological Survey; the Denver Zoological Foundation; Prairie Wildlife Research; and the University of Missouri. DAB also was supported by S. and D. Webb. We thank these supporters, and D. Marsh, P. Gober, and S. Larson for assistance with spotlight surveys; D. Jachowski, M. Reuber, A. Turgeon, and R. Jachowski for assistance with mapping burrow openings; D. Jachowski, R. Jachowski, R. Griebel, and A. Woodenknife for logistical support; and the Woodenknife's and Baysinger's for housing support. We appreciate constructive reviews of the manuscript by S. Grassel, S. Prange, S. Eads, and 2 anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 35 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1364 EP 1370 DI 10.1644/12-MAMM-A-298.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 280DZ UT WOS:000329010200017 ER PT J AU O'Connor, JE AF O'Connor, Jim E. TI "Our Vanishing Glaciers" One Hundred Years of Glacier Retreat in Three Sisters Area, Oregon Cascade Range SO OREGON HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP O'Connor, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OREGON HISTORICAL SOC PI PORTLAND PA 1230 SW PARK AVE, PORTLAND, OR 97205 USA SN 0030-4727 J9 OREG HIST QUART JI Oregon Hist. Q. PD WIN PY 2013 VL 114 IS 4 BP 402 EP 427 DI 10.5403/oregonhistq.114.4.0402 PG 26 WC History SC History GA 279LS UT WOS:000328962100004 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Budahn, JR McGeehin, JP Bettis, EA Skipp, G Paces, JB Wheeler, EA AF Muhs, Daniel R. Budahn, James R. McGeehin, John P. Bettis, E. Arthur, III Skipp, Gary Paces, James B. Wheeler, Elisabeth A. TI Loess origin, transport, and deposition over the past 10,000 years, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Loess; Dust; Holocene; Last glacial period; Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska; Radiocarbon dating ID LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; GEOCHEMICAL VARIATIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DUST SOURCES; OCEAN; IRON; ICELAND; CLIMATE; RECORD; SOILS AB Contemporary glaciogenic dust has not received much attention, because most research has been on glaciogenic dust of the last glacial period or non-glaciogenic dust of the present interglacial period. Nevertheless, dust from modern glaciogenic sources may be important for Fe inputs to primary producers in the ocean. Adjacent to the subarctic Pacific Ocean, we studied a loess section near Chitina, Alaska along the Copper River in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, where dust has been accumulating over the past similar to 10,000 years. Mass accumulation rates for the fine-grained (<20 mu m) fraction of this loess section are among the highest reported for the Holocene of high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Based on mineralogy and geochemistry, loess at Chitina is derived from glacial sources in the Wrangell Mountains, the Chugach Mountains, and probably the Alaska Range. Concentrations of Fe in the silt-plus-clay fraction of the loess at Chitina are much higher than in all other loess bodies in North America and higher than most loess bodies on other continents. The very fine-grained (<2 mu m) portion of this sediment, capable of long-range transport, is dominated by Fe-rich chlorite, which can yield Fe readily to primary producers in the ocean. Examination of satellite imagery shows that dust from the Copper River is transported by wind on a regular basis to the North Pacific Ocean. This Alaskan example shows that high-latitude glaciogenic dust needs to be considered as a significant Fe source to primary producers in the open ocean. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Budahn, James R.; Skipp, Gary; Paces, James B.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bettis, E. Arthur, III] Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wheeler, Elisabeth A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forest Biomat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov FU Climate and Land Use Change Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was supported by the Climate and Land Use Change Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Tom Ager (USGS) for introducing us to the Chitina section. Jossh Beann, Jeff Pigati and Zachary Muhs Rowland (all USGS) helped in the field and Kristi Zellman, De Anna Laurel, and Josh Freeman (all USGS) and Phil Kerr (University of Iowa) assisted in the laboratory. Thanks also go to Wrangell-St. Elias National Park (permit #WRST-2005-SCI-0020) and the Chitina Native Corporation for access to the site. Lesleigh Anderson (USGS), Tom Judkins (USGS), and two anonymous journal reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 11 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.06.001 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 273GT UT WOS:000328524000009 ER PT J AU D'Amato, AW Bradford, JB Fraver, S Palik, BJ AF D'Amato, Anthony W. Bradford, John B. Fraver, Shawn Palik, Brian J. TI Effects of thinning on drought vulnerability and climate response in north temperate forest ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; growth-climate relationships; Minnesota; USA; Pinus resinosa ID ABIES L. KARST.; MORTALITY; GROWTH; STAND; TRANSPIRATION; STRATEGIES; USA AB Reducing tree densities through silvicultural thinning has been widely advocated as a strategy for enhancing resistance and resilience to drought, yet few empirical evaluations of this approach exist. We examined detailed dendrochronological data from a long-term (>50 years) replicated thinning experiment to determine if density reductions conferred greater resistance and/or resilience to droughts, assessed by the magnitude of stand-level growth reductions. Our results suggest that thinning generally enhanced drought resistance and resilience; however, this relationship showed a pronounced reversal over time in stands maintained at lower tree densities. Specifically, lower-density stands exhibited greater resistance and resilience at younger ages (49 years), yet exhibited lower resistance and resilience at older ages (76 years), relative to higher-density stands. We attribute this reversal to significantly greater tree sizes attained within the lower-density stands through stand development, which in turn increased tree-level water demand during the later droughts. Results from response-function analyses indicate that thinning altered growth-climate relationships, such that higher-density stands were more sensitive to growing-season precipitation relative to lower-density stands. These results confirm the potential of density management to moderate drought impacts on growth, and they highlight the importance of accounting for stand structure when predicting climate-change impacts to forests. C1 [D'Amato, Anthony W.; Fraver, Shawn] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MI 55744 USA. [Fraver, Shawn] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP D'Amato, AW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM damato@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX We thank K. Budrow, D. Kastendick, J. Kragthorpe, and J. Segari for assistance with collection and processing of tree-ring samples. We are indebted to scientists and technicians who maintained the Birch Lake experiment, particularly R. Barse, J. Benzie, R. Buckman, and J. Elioff. Funding was provided by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (to A. W. D'Amato), the Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center, and the U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1735 EP 1742 DI 10.1890/13-0677.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273XA UT WOS:000328568400001 PM 24555305 ER PT J AU McGuire, AD Hinzman, LD Walsh, J Hobbie, J Sturm, M AF McGuire, A. D. Hinzman, L. D. Walsh, J. Hobbie, J. Sturm, M. TI Trajectory of the Arctic as an integrated system SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hinzman, L. D.; Walsh, J.] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hobbie, J.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02573 USA. [Sturm, M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM admcguire@alaska.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1743 EP 1744 DI 10.1890/13-0644.1 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273XA UT WOS:000328568400002 PM 24555306 ER PT J AU Kicklighter, DW Hayes, DJ McClelland, JW Peterson, BJ McGuire, AD Melillo, JM AF Kicklighter, David W. Hayes, Daniel J. McClelland, James W. Peterson, Bruce J. McGuire, A. David Melillo, Jerry M. TI Insights and issues with simulating terrestrial DOC loading of Arctic river networks SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; permafrost degradation; river discharge; riverine DOC export; terrestrial DOC loading; trajectory of the Arctic; water yield; wildfire ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HIGH-LATITUDE ECOSYSTEMS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NITROGEN INTERACTIONS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; YUKON RIVER; SNOW-COVER AB Terrestrial carbon dynamics influence the contribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to river networks in addition to hydrology. In this study, we use a biogeochemical process model to simulate the lateral transfer of DOC from land to the Arctic Ocean via riverine transport. We estimate that, over the 20th century, the pan-Arctic watershed has contributed, on average, 32 Tg C/yr of DOC to river networks emptying into the Arctic Ocean with most of the DOC coming from the extensive area of boreal deciduous needle-leaved forests and forested wetlands in Eurasian watersheds. We also estimate that the rate of terrestrial DOC loading has been increasing by 0.037 Tg C/yr(2) over the 20th century primarily as a result of climate-induced increases in water yield. These increases have been offset by decreases in terrestrial DOC loading caused by wildfires. Other environmental factors (CO2 fertilization, ozone pollution, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, timber harvest, agriculture) are estimated to have relatively small effects on terrestrial DOC loading to Arctic rivers. The effects of the various environmental factors on terrestrial carbon dynamics have both offset and enhanced concurrent effects on hydrology to influence terrestrial DOC loading and may be changing the relative importance of terrestrial carbon dynamics on this carbon flux. Improvements in simulating terrestrial DOC loading to pan-Arctic rivers in the future will require better information on the production and consumption of DOC within the soil profile, the transfer of DOC from land to headwater streams, the spatial distribution of precipitation and its temporal trends, carbon dynamics of larch-dominated ecosystems in eastern Siberia, and the role of industrial organic effluents on carbon budgets of rivers in western Russia. C1 [Kicklighter, David W.; Peterson, Bruce J.; Melillo, Jerry M.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hayes, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McClelland, James W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Kicklighter, DW (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dkicklighter@mbl.edu RI McClelland, James/C-5396-2008 OI McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ARC-0531047, ARC-0531082, ARC-0531119, ARC-0554811, ARC-0652838]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R833261]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64597]; U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09A126G] FX We thank the University of New Hampshire, EOS-WEB-STER Earth Science Information Partner (ESIP) for providing the land use (row-crop agriculture, pastures, and timber harvest) time-series data used in the analysis. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of the paper. This study was supported, in part, by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants ARC-0531047, ARC-0531082, ARC-0531119, ARC-0554811, and ARC-0652838; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under grant R833261; the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-FG02-08ER64597; and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant NNX09A126G. NR 113 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1817 EP 1836 DI 10.1890/11-1050.1 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273XA UT WOS:000328568400007 PM 24555311 ER PT J AU Hinzman, LD Deal, CJ McGuire, AD Mernild, SH Polyakov, IV Walsh, JE AF Hinzman, Larry D. Deal, Clara J. McGuire, A. David Mernild, Sebastian H. Polyakov, Igor V. Walsh, John E. TI Trajectory of the Arctic as an integrated system SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Arctic atmosphere dynamics; Arctic climate change trajectories; Arctic climate system feedbacks; Arctic hydrology; Arctic land ecosystems; Arctic marine ecosystems; Arctic ocean dynamics; Arctic sea ice; Greenland ice sheet; permafrost ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; SEA-LEVEL RISE; INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; HIGH-LATITUDE ECOSYSTEMS; SURFACE MASS-BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST THAW; CARBON-CYCLE; BERING-SEA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION AB Although much remains to be learned about the Arctic and its component processes, many of the most urgent scientific, engineering, and social questions can only be approached through a broader system perspective. Here, we address interactions between components of the Arctic system and assess feedbacks and the extent to which feedbacks (1) are now underway in the Arctic and (2) will shape the future trajectory of the Arctic system. We examine interdependent connections among atmospheric processes, oceanic processes, sea-ice dynamics, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, land surface stocks of carbon and water, glaciers and ice caps, and the Greenland ice sheet. Our emphasis on the interactions between components, both historical and anticipated, is targeted on the feedbacks, pathways, and processes that link these different components of the Arctic system. We present evidence that the physical components of the Arctic climate system are currently in extreme states, and that there is no indication that the system will deviate from this anomalous trajectory in the foreseeable future. The feedback for which the evidence of ongoing changes is most compelling is the surface albedo-temperature feedback, which is amplifying temperature changes over land (primarily in spring) and ocean (primarily in autumn-winter). Other feedbacks likely to emerge are those in which key processes include surface fluxes of trace gases, changes in the distribution of vegetation, changes in surface soil moisture, changes in atmospheric water vapor arising from higher temperatures and greater areas of open ocean, impacts of Arctic freshwater fluxes on the meridional overturning circulation of the ocean, and changes in Arctic clouds resulting from changes in water vapor content. C1 [Hinzman, Larry D.; Deal, Clara J.; Polyakov, Igor V.; Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Ctr Estudios Cient, Glaciol & Climate Change Lab, Valdivia, Chile. RP Hinzman, LD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM lhinzman@iarc.uaf.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs [OPP-0652838, OPP-0327664]; International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska-Fairbanks; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research through the Next Generation Ecosystem Experiment (NGEE Arctic); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC52-06NA25396] FX This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs under Cooperative Agreement Nos. OPP-0652838 and OPP-0327664 with the International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska-Fairbanks and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research through the Next Generation Ecosystem Experiment (NGEE Arctic). S. Mernild's contribution was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). LANL is operated under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DEAC52-06NA25396. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the Department of Energy. NR 255 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 9 U2 97 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1837 EP 1868 DI 10.1890/11-1498.1 PG 32 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273XA UT WOS:000328568400008 PM 24555312 ER PT J AU Perakis, SS Sinkhorn, ER Catricala, CE Bullen, TD Fitzpatrick, JA Hynicka, JD Cromack, K AF Perakis, Steven S. Sinkhorn, Emily R. Catricala, Christina E. Bullen, Thomas D. Fitzpatrick, John A. Hynicka, Justin D. Cromack, Kermit, Jr. TI Forest calcium depletion and biotic retention along a soil nitrogen gradient SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aluminum; base cation depletion; calcium; Douglas-fir; magnesium; nitrate leaching; nitrogen saturation; phosphorus; potassium; temperate forest ID OREGON COAST RANGE; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; RED ALDER STANDS; UNITED-STATES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; DOUGLAS-FIR; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; WESTERN OREGON; BASE CATIONS AB High nitrogen (N) accumulation in terrestrial ecosystems can shift patterns of nutrient limitation and deficiency beyond N toward other nutrients, most notably phosphorus (P) and base cations (calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], and potassium [K]). We examined how naturally high N accumulation from a legacy of symbiotic N fixation shaped P and base cation cycling across a gradient of nine temperate conifer forests in the Oregon Coast Range. We were particularly interested in whether long-term legacies of symbiotic N fixation promoted coupled N and organic P accumulation in soils, and whether biotic demands by non-fixing vegetation could conserve ecosystem base cations as N accumulated. Total soil N (0-100 cm) pools increased nearly threefold across the N gradient, leading to increased nitrate leaching, declines in soil pH from 5.8 to 4.2, 10-fold declines in soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K, and increased mobilization of aluminum. These results suggest that long-term N enrichment had acidified soils and depleted much of the readily weatherable base cation pool. Soil organic P increased with both soil N and C across the gradient, but soil inorganic P, biomass P, and P leaching loss did not vary with N, implying that historic symbiotic N fixation promoted soil organic P accumulation and P sufficiency for non-fixers. Even though soil pools of Ca, Mg, and K all declined as soil N increased, only Ca declined in biomass pools, suggesting the emergence of Ca deficiency at high N. Biotic conservation and tight recycling of Ca increased in response to whole-ecosystem Ca depletion, as indicated by preferential accumulation of Ca in biomass and surface soil. Our findings support a hierarchical model of coupled N-Ca cycling under long-term soil N enrichment, whereby ecosystem-level N saturation and nitrate leaching deplete readily available soil Ca, stimulating biotic Ca conservation as overall supply diminishes. We conclude that a legacy of biological N fixation can increase N and P accumulation in soil organic matter to the point that neither nutrient is limiting to subsequent non-fixers, while also resulting in natural N saturation that intensifies base cation depletion and deficiency. C1 [Perakis, Steven S.; Catricala, Christina E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sinkhorn, Emily R.; Hynicka, Justin D.; Cromack, Kermit, Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.; Fitzpatrick, John A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steven.perakis@oregonstate.edu FU NSF [DEB-0346837] FX We thank Melissa McCartney for field and laboratory assistance, and Jana Compton, Jeff Hatten, and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by NSF DEB-0346837. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 53 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1947 EP 1961 DI 10.1890/12-2204.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273XA UT WOS:000328568400016 PM 24555320 ER PT J AU Fukaya, K Royle, JA AF Fukaya, Keiichi Royle, J. Andrew TI Markov models for community dynamics allowing for observation error SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; community dynamics; Markov model; multistate dynamic occupancy model; sampling error; sessile organisms; state-space model; transition probability ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; SUBTIDAL COMMUNITY; CHAIN MODELS; SUCCESSION; STATES; RATES AB Markov models are dynamic models that characterize transitions among discrete ecological states with transition probability matrices. Such models are widely used to infer community dynamics of sessile organisms because transition probabilities (the elements of transition probability matrices) can be estimated with time series data from grid sampling, where species occupancy states are assessed at multiple fixed points in a quadrat or transect. These estimates, however, are known to be biased when resampling error exists. In this study, we used the perspective of multistate dynamic occupancy models to develop a new Markov model that is structured hierarchically such that transitions among occupancy states and observation processes are considered explicitly at each fixed point. We show that, by adopting a hierarchical Bayesian approach, our model provides estimates for transition probabilities that are robust to sampling error. We also show that error rate may be estimated without additional data obtained from rapid repeated sampling. Considerations for the analysis for the application to real data set and potential extensions of the proposed model are discussed. C1 [Fukaya, Keiichi] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Royle, J. Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Fukaya, K (reprint author), Inst Stat Math, 10-3 Midoricho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908562, Japan. EM kfukaya@ism.ac.jp OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU JSPS [23-5649]; JSPS Institutional Program for Young Researcher Overseas Visits FX We are grateful to J. D. Nichols and D. A. W. Miller, who provided valuable insights and comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This manuscript also benefited from comments and suggestions provided by M. Spencer and an anonymous reviewer. We also thank H. K. Sakamoto, who helped us to complete the simulation. K. Fukaya was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for a Research Fellow of the JSPS (number 23-5649) and by the JSPS Institutional Program for Young Researcher Overseas Visits. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2013 VL 94 IS 12 BP 2670 EP 2677 DI 10.1890/12-1540.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278ZL UT WOS:000328928300002 PM 24597214 ER PT J AU Bled, F Nichols, JD Altwegg, R AF Bled, Florent Nichols, James D. Altwegg, Res TI Dynamic occupancy models for analyzing species' range dynamics across large geographic scales SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Autologistic model; big data; conservation biogeography; hierarchical model; spatially correlated random effects ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HADEDA IBIS; DISTRIBUTIONS; RATES; CONSERVATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; EXTINCTION; DISPERSAL AB Large-scale biodiversity data are needed to predict species' responses to global change and to address basic questions in macroecology. While such data are increasingly becoming available, their analysis is challenging because of the typically large heterogeneity in spatial sampling intensity and the need to account for observation processes. Two further challenges are accounting for spatial effects that are not explained by covariates, and drawing inference on dynamics at these large spatial scales. We developed dynamic occupancy models to analyze large-scale atlas data. In addition to occupancy, these models estimate local colonization and persistence probabilities. We accounted for spatial autocorrelation using conditional autoregressive models and autologistic models. We fitted the models to detection/nondetection data collected on a quarter-degree grid across southern Africa during two atlas projects, using the hadeda ibis (Bostrychia hagedash) as an example. The model accurately reproduced the range expansion between the first (SABAP1: 1987-1992) and second (SABAP2: 2007-2012) Southern African Bird Atlas Project into the drier parts of interior South Africa. Grid cells occupied during SABAP1 generally remained occupied, but colonization of unoccupied grid cells was strongly dependent on the number of occupied grid cells in the neighborhood. The detection probability strongly varied across space due to variation in effort, observer identity, seasonality, and unexplained spatial effects. We present a flexible hierarchical approach for analyzing grid-based atlas data using dynamical occupancy models. Our model is similar to a species' distribution model obtained using generalized additive models but has a number of advantages. Our model accounts for the heterogeneous sampling process, spatial correlation, and perhaps most importantly, allows us to examine dynamic aspects of species ranges. C1 [Bled, Florent; Altwegg, Res] South African Natl Biodivers Inst, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa. [Bled, Florent; Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Anim Demog Unit, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Bled, Florent; Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, Dept Stat Sci, Anim Demog Unit, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Bled, Florent; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Altwegg, R (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Stat Sci, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM res.altwegg@gmail.com FU Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Systems Analysis; National Research Foundation of South Africa [85802] FX This work was funded by the Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Systems Analysis and by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant 85802). NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 3 IS 15 BP 4896 EP 4909 DI 10.1002/ece3.858 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 265ON UT WOS:000327961500005 PM 24455124 ER PT J AU King, DA Bachelet, DM Symstad, AJ AF King, David A. Bachelet, Dominique M. Symstad, Amy J. TI Climate change and fire effects on a prairie-woodland ecotone: projecting species range shifts with a dynamic global vegetation model SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE DGVM; drought; fire; MC1; niche-based species distribution models; Pinus ponderosa ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; PONDEROSA PINE; NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST; FUTURE; ECOSYSTEMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; TREE; CO2 AB Large shifts in species ranges have been predicted under future climate scenarios based primarily on niche-based species distribution models. However, the mechanisms that would cause such shifts are uncertain. Natural and anthropogenic fires have shaped the distributions of many plant species, but their effects have seldom been included in future projections of species ranges. Here, we examine how the combination of climate and fire influence historical and future distributions of the ponderosa pine-prairie ecotone at the edge of the Black Hills in South Dakota, USA, as simulated by MC1, a dynamic global vegetation model that includes the effects of fire, climate, and atmospheric CO2 concentration on vegetation dynamics. For this purpose, we parameterized MC1 for ponderosa pine in the Black Hills, designating the revised model as MC1-WCNP. Results show that fire frequency, as affected by humidity and temperature, is central to the simulation of historical prairies in the warmer lowlands versus woodlands in the cooler, moister highlands. Based on three downscaled general circulation model climate projections for the 21st century, we simulate greater frequencies of natural fire throughout the area due to substantial warming and, for two of the climate projections, lower relative humidity. However, established ponderosa pine forests are relatively fire resistant, and areas that were initially wooded remained so over the 21st century for most of our future climate x fire management scenarios. This result contrasts with projections for ponderosa pine based on climatic niches, which suggest that its suitable habitat in the Black Hills will be greatly diminished by the middle of the 21st century. We hypothesize that the differences between the future predictions from these two approaches are due in part to the inclusion of fire effects in MC1, and we highlight the importance of accounting for fire as managed by humans in assessing both historical species distributions and future climate change effects. C1 [King, David A.; Bachelet, Dominique M.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bachelet, Dominique M.] Conservat Biol Inst, Corvallis, OR USA. [Symstad, Amy J.] US Geol Survey, Hot Springs, SD USA. RP King, DA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM David.A.King@oregonstate.edu FU National Park Service Climate Change Response Program; United States Geological Survey's North Central Climate Science Center FX Research funded by the National Park Service Climate Change Response Program and by the United States Geological Survey's North Central Climate Science Center. NR 103 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 3 IS 15 BP 5076 EP 5097 DI 10.1002/ece3.877 PG 22 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 265ON UT WOS:000327961500019 PM 24455138 ER PT J AU Lucchitta, I Holm, RF Lucchitta, BK AF Lucchitta, Ivo Holm, Richard F. Lucchitta, Baerbel K. TI Implications of the Miocene(?) Crooked Ridge River of northern Arizona for the evolution of the Colorado River and Grand Canyon SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC FIELD; SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO; PLATEAU; HISTORY; OLIGOCENE; CALIFORNIA; INCISION; MODEL AB The southwesterly course of the probably pre-early Miocene and possibly Oligocene Crooked Ridge River can be traced continuously for 48 km and discontinuously for 91 km in northern Arizona (United States). The course is visible today in inverted relief. Pebbles in the river gravel came from at least as far northeast as the San Juan Mountains (Colorado). The river valley was carved out of easily eroded Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks whose debris overloaded the river with abundant detritus, probably steepening the gradient. After the river became inactive, the regional drainage network was rearranged three times, and the nearby Four Corners region was lowered 1-2 km by erosion. The river provides constraints on the early evolution of the Colorado River and Grand Canyon. Continuation of this river into lakes in Arizona or Utah is unlikely, as is integration through Grand Canyon by lake spillover. The downstream course of the river probably was across the Kaibab arch in a valley roughly coincident with the present eastern Grand Canyon. Beyond this point, the course may have continued to the drainage basin of the Sacramento River, or to the proto-Snake River drainage. Crooked Ridge River was beheaded by the developing San Juan River, which pirated its waters and probably was tributary to a proto-Colorado River, fl owing roughly along its present course west of the Monument upwarp. C1 [Lucchitta, Ivo; Lucchitta, Baerbel K.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lucchitta, Ivo] Museum Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Holm, Richard F.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Lucchitta, I (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM ilucchitta@gmail.com NR 81 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2013 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1417 EP 1433 DI 10.1130/GES00861.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 273AZ UT WOS:000328506400001 ER PT J AU Browning, JV Miller, KG Sugarman, PJ Barron, J McCarthy, FMG Kulhanek, DK Katz, ME Feigenson, MD AF Browning, James V. Miller, Kenneth G. Sugarman, Peter J. Barron, John McCarthy, Francine M. G. Kulhanek, Denise K. Katz, Miriam E. Feigenson, Mark D. TI Chronology of Eocene-Miocene sequences on the New Jersey shallow shelf: Implications for regional, interregional, and global correlations SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; COASTAL-PLAIN; ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; STRONTIUM-ISOTOPE; STABLE-ISOTOPE; PASSIVE MARGIN; MIDDLE MIOCENE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; RECORDS AB Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 313 continuously cored and logged latest Eocene to early-middle Miocene sequences at three sites (M27, M28, and M29) on the inner-middle continental shelf offshore New Jersey, providing an opportunity to evaluate the ages, global correlations, and significance of sequence boundaries. We provide a chronology for these sequences using integrated strontium isotopic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy (primarily calcareous nannoplankton, diatoms, and dinocysts [dinoflagellate cysts]). Despite challenges posed by shallow-water sediments, age resolution is typically +/- 0.5 m.y. and in many sequences is as good as +/- 0.25 m.y. Three Oligocene sequences were sampled at Site M27 on sequence bottom-sets. Fifteen early to early-middle Miocene sequences were dated at Sites M27, M28, and M29 across clinothems in topsets, foresets (where the sequences are thickest), and bottomsets. A few sequences have coarse (similar to 1 m.y.) or little age constraint due to barren zones; we constrain the age estimates of these less well dated sequences by applying the principle of superposition, i.e., sediments above sequence boundaries in any site are younger than the sediments below the sequence boundaries at other sites. Our age control provides constraints on the timing of deposition in the clinothem; sequences on the topsets are generally the youngest in the clinothem, whereas the bottomsets generally are the oldest. The greatest amount of time is represented on foresets, although we have no evidence for a correlative conformity. Our chronology provides a baseline for regional and interregional correlations and sea-level reconstructions: (1) we correlate a major increase in sedimentation rate precisely with the timing of the middle Miocene climate changes associated with the development of a permanent East Antarctic Ice Sheet; and (2) the timing of sequence boundaries matches the deep-sea oxygen isotopic record, implicating glacioeustasy as a major driver for forming sequence boundaries. C1 [Browning, James V.; Miller, Kenneth G.; Sugarman, Peter J.; Feigenson, Mark D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Barron, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McCarthy, Francine M. G.] Brock Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Kulhanek, Denise K.] GNS Sci, Dept Paleontol, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Katz, Miriam E.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Browning, JV (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 76 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2013 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1434 EP 1456 DI 10.1130/GES00857.1 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 273AZ UT WOS:000328506400002 ER PT J AU Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC Wentworth, CM McLaughlin, RJ AF Langenheim, V. E. Jachens, R. C. Wentworth, C. M. McLaughlin, R. J. TI Previously unrecognized regional structure of the Coastal Belt of the Franciscan Complex, northern California, revealed by magnetic data SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; SUBDUCTION ZONE; OCEANIC-CRUST; GREAT-VALLEY; TECTONICS; ACCRETION; EVOLUTION; NEOGENE; TRENCH AB Magnetic anomalies provide surprising structural detail within the previously undivided Coastal Belt, the westernmost, youngest, and least-metamorphosed part of the Franciscan Complex of northern California. Although the Coastal Belt consists almost entirely of arkosic graywacke and shale of mainly Eocene age, new detailed aeromagnetic data show that it is pervasively marked by long, narrow, and regularly spaced anomalies. These anomalies arise from relatively simple tabular bodies composed principally of magnetic basalt or graywacke confined mainly to the top couple of kilometers, even though metamorphic grade indicates that these rocks have been more deeply buried, at depths of 5-8 km. If true, this implies surprisingly uniform uplift of these rocks. The basalt (and associated Cretaceous limestone) occurs largely in the northern part of the Coastal Belt; the graywacke is recognized only in the southern Coastal Belt and is magnetic because it contains andesitic grains. The magnetic grains were not derived from the basalt, and thus require a separate source. The anomalies define simple patterns that can be related to folding and faulting within the Coastal Belt. This apparent simplicity belies complex structure mapped at outcrop scale, which can be explained if the relatively simple tabular bodies are internally deformed, fault-bounded slabs. One mechanism that can explain the widespread lateral extent of the thin layers of basalt is peeling up of the uppermost part of the oceanic crust into the accretionary prism, controlled by porosity and permeability contrasts caused by alteration in the upper part of the slab. It is not clear, however, how this mechanism might generate fault-bounded layers containing magnetic graywacke. We propose that structural domains defined by anomaly trend, wavelength, and source reflect imbrication and folding during the accretion process and local plate interactions as the Mendocino triple junction migrated north, a hypothesis that should be tested by more detailed structural studies. C1 [Langenheim, V. E.; Jachens, R. C.; Wentworth, C. M.; McLaughlin, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2013 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1514 EP 1529 DI 10.1130/GES00942.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 273AZ UT WOS:000328506400005 ER PT J AU Carlson, CW Pluhar, CJ Glen, JMG Farner, MJ AF Carlson, Chad W. Pluhar, Christopher J. Glen, Jonathan M. G. Farner, Michael J. TI Kinematics of the west-central Walker Lane: Spatially and temporally variable rotations evident in the Late Miocene Stanislaus Group SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA; ANCESTRAL CASCADES ARC; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; GREAT-BASIN; PLATE-BOUNDARY; BLOCK ROTATIONS; FAULT SYSTEM; DISPLACEMENT TRANSFER AB The Walker Lane currently accommodates similar to 20% of the dextral motion between the Pacific and North American plates. This accommodation occurs on regional-scale systems of strike-slip and normal faults located between the northwestward-translating Sierra Nevada microplate and the east-west-extending Basin and Range. At the western edge of the central Walker Lane (lat similar to 38 degrees-39 degrees N) is a region of crustal blocks bounded by asymmetric basins and normal faults, here defined as the west-central Walker Lane. Although this region is apparently devoid of major active strike-slip faults, the presence of Neogene clockwise vertical-axis tectonic block rotations indicates the accommodation of dextral shear. We measured vertical-axis rotation by comparing remanence directions of widespread members of the Eureka Valley Tuff of the Late Miocene Stanislaus Group within the west-central Walker Lane to the same units on the Sierra Nevada microplate. Results show that the study area is organized into discrete domains with heterogeneous regional distribution of clockwise vertical-axis rotation, ranging from similar to 10 degrees to 60 degrees, since ca. 9.5 Ma. The highest measured magnitudes of vertical-axis rotation (similar to 50 degrees-60 degrees clockwise) are interpreted as a region of high deformation that includes the asymmetric Bridgeport Valley. Previous work underestimated vertical-axis rotation magnitudes in the region because published reference directions for two of the three members of the Eureka Valley Tuff (By-Day Member and Upper member) derive from the rotated region. We recalculate a reference direction for the By-Day Member of declination 353.2 degrees, inclination 43.7 degrees; alpha(95) = 10.8 degrees. This corroborates a reference direction for the By-Day Member from the Stanislaus Group type section, situated on the relatively stable Sierra Nevada microplate, providing a robust reference direction for paleomagnetic studies. We present a kinematic model in which dextral shear in the west-central Walker Lane is accommodated by similar to 30 degrees of clockwise rotation in the Sweetwater Mountains and Bodie Hills since the Late Miocene. This model incorporates rotation magnitudes, paleostress orientations, edge effects, and bounding faults of rotating tectonic blocks to reveal timing, patterns, and mechanisms of crustal deformation. The results and models presented here elucidate the complex and evolving nature of the west-central Walker Lane. The rotational history of dextral shear accommodation demonstrates that the west-central Walker Lane should be included as an important part of the Walker Lane transtensional zone. The results presented in this study not only improve understanding of deformation in the Walker Lane, but illuminate the potentially significant contribution of crustal block vertical-axis rotations in other transtensional regions of the world. C1 [Carlson, Chad W.; Pluhar, Christopher J.; Farner, Michael J.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Glen, Jonathan M. G.] US Geol Survey, GUMP, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Carlson, CW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU Fresno Gem and Mineral Society; Educational Employees Credit Union; College of Science and Mathematics; California State University, Fresno FX This study was partially supported through scholarships and grants from the Fresno Gem and Mineral Society, the Educational Employees Credit Union, and the College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, Fresno. We thank the Geophysical Unit Menlo Park (GUMP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (Menlo Park, California) for use of the Rock-and Paleo-magnetics Laboratory, and D. John, E. du Bray, R. Blakely, and S. Box for helpful discussions and reviews of data. The paper was significantly improved by the careful and detailed comments of reviewers P. Cashman and W. Hammond. We also acknowledge C. Busby, who as guest editor provided both opportunity and guidance in our contribution to this themed issue of Geosphere. NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2013 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1530 EP 1551 DI 10.1130/GES00955.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 273AZ UT WOS:000328506400006 ER PT J AU Konstantinou, A Valley, J Strickland, A Miller, EL Fisher, C Vervoort, J Wooden, J AF Konstantinou, Alexandros Valley, John Strickland, Ariel Miller, Elizabeth L. Fisher, Chris Vervoort, Jeffrey Wooden, Joseph TI Geochemistry and geochronology of the Jim Sage volcanic suite, southern Idaho: Implications for Snake River Plain magmatism and its role in the history of Basin and Range extension SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT TRACK; ND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LOW-DELTA-O-18 RHYOLITES; LARGE-VOLUME; SILICIC VOLCANISM; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; NORTHWESTERN NEVADA; ION MICROPROBE AB The Jim Sage volcanic suite (JSVS) exposed in the Jim Sage and Cotterel Mountains of southern Idaho (USA) consists of two volcanic members composed of similar to 240 km(3) of Miocene rhyolite lavas separated by an interval of lacustrine sediments. It is capped by rheomorphic ignimbrite and as much as 100 m of basaltic lava flows probably derived from the central Snake River Plain (SRP) province to the north. The occurrence of volcanic vents in the JSVS links the lava flows to their local eruptive centers, while the adjacent Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex exposes similar to 3000 km(2) of once deep-seated rocks that offer constraints on the composition of the potential crustal sources of these rhyolites. U-Pb zircon ages from the rhyolite lavas of the JSVS range from 9.5 to 8.2 Ma. The Miocene basalt of the Cotterel Mountains has an Sr-87/Sr-86(i) composition of 0.7066-0.7075 and epsilon(Nd(i)) = -3.7, and the rhyolite lavas of the JSVS have Sr-87/Sr-86(i) = 0.7114-0.7135 and epsilon(Nd(i)) values that range from -6.7 to -7.1. Zircon from the rhyolites of the JSVS range in delta O-18(zr) (Vienna standard mean ocean water, VSMOW) from -0.5% to 5.7% and have epsilon(Hf(i)) values ranging from -0.8 to -6.8. Based on geochronology, whole-rock major elements, trace elements, isotopes (Sr and Nd), and in situ zircon O and Hf isotopic compositions, we infer that the JSVS is genetically related to the central SRP province. The eruption of the low-delta O-18 rhyolites of the JSVS, outside of the main topographic extent of the SRP province (without the large calderas inferred for the SRP rhyolites) implies that there might be an alternative mechanism for the formation of the low-delta O-18 signature other than the proposed assimilation of hydrothermally altered caldera blocks. One suggestion is that the north to south propagation of SRP-type low-delta O-18 rhyolitic melt along the Albion fault led to off-axis magmatism. Another possibility is that there was prior and widespread (across a region wider than the SRP) hydrothermal alteration of the crust related to its earlier magmatic and faulting history. The eruption of SRP-type lavas in the hanging wall of an evolving metamorphic core complex helps us outline the role of the SRP magmatic province in the extensional evolution of the northeastern Basin and Range. The lavas of the JSVS imply the addition of basalt, related to the SRP hotspot, to the crust beneath the Raft River Basin that provided a heat source for crustal melting and weakening of the deep crust; this led to a vertical component of crustal flow and doming during extension, after the eruption of the 9.5-8.2 Ma JSVS rhyolites. This younger than 8.2 Ma component of vertical motion during faulting of the Miocene stratified sequence of the Raft River Basin and the rotation of the Albion fault to shallower angles collectively resulted in the subhorizontal detachment structure imaged seismically beneath the Raft River Basin. C1 [Konstantinou, Alexandros; Miller, Elizabeth L.; Wooden, Joseph] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Valley, John; Strickland, Ariel] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fisher, Chris; Vervoort, Jeffrey] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wooden, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Konstantinou, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM akonstan@alumni.stanford.edu RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 FU Stanford University; ExxonMobil for a science grant; Leventis Foundation; Stanford McGee Funds; National Science Foundation (NSF) Tectonics Division [EAR-0809226, EAR-0948679]; NSF [EAR-0319230, EAR-0744079, EAR-1053466, EAR-0844149, EAR-1019877, EAR-1119237] FX We thank Stanford University for the Stanford Graduate Fellowship that supported this research for three years, ExxonMobil for a science grant, and the Leventis Foundation and the Stanford McGee Funds for providing financial support for the analytical part of this project. Support was also provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Tectonics Division (grants EAR-0809226 and EAR-0948679 to Miller). Gail Mahood, Matt Coble, and Eric Gottlieb provided helpful discussions and insights about the scientific work presented herein. Mike McCurry, Ilya Bindeman, and Ben Ellis provided valuable reviews that greatly improved the paper. We thank Noriko Kita and Kouki Kitajima for assistance with secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) analysis of oxygen isotope ratios. The University of Wisconsin WiscSIMS is partially supported by NSF grants EAR-0319230, EAR-0744079, and EAR-1053466. The Washington State University Radiogenic Isotope and Geochronology Laboratory is partially supported by NSF grants EAR-0844149, EAR-1019877, and EAR-1119237. We thank Karrie Weaver and Caroline Harris for their help with the whole-rock Sr and Nd isotope analyses. NR 107 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 22 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2013 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1681 EP 1703 DI 10.1130/GES00948.1 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 273AZ UT WOS:000328506400011 ER PT J AU Witter, RC Zhang, YLJ Wang, KL Priest, GR Goldfinger, C Stimely, L English, JT Ferro, PA AF Witter, Robert C. Zhang, Yinglong J. Wang, Kelin Priest, George R. Goldfinger, Chris Stimely, Laura English, John T. Ferro, Paul A. TI Simulated tsunami inundation for a range of Cascadia megathrust earthquake scenarios at Bandon, Oregon, USA SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; SOUTHERN COASTAL OREGON; RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; SEISMIC-HAZARD ANALYSIS; CAL KYR BP; SUBDUCTION ZONE; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; SPLAY FAULT; SURFACE DEFORMATION AB Characterizations of tsunami hazards along the Cascadia subduction zone hinge on uncertainties in megathrust rupture models used for simulating tsunami inundation. To explore these uncertainties, we constructed 15 megathrust earthquake scenarios using rupture models that supply the initial conditions for tsunami simulations at Bandon, Oregon. Tsunami inundation varies with the amount and distribution of fault slip assigned to rupture models, including models where slip is partitioned to a splay fault in the accretionary wedge and models that vary the updip limit of slip on a buried fault. Constraints on fault slip come from onshore and offshore paleoseismological evidence. We rank each rupture model using a logic tree that evaluates a model's consistency with geological and geophysical data. The scenarios provide inputs to a hydrodynamic model, SELFE, used to simulate tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation on unstructured grids with <5-15 m resolution in coastal areas. Tsunami simulations delineate the likelihood that Cascadia tsunamis will exceed mapped inundation lines. Maximum wave elevations at the shoreline varied from similar to 4 m to 25 m for earthquakes with 9-44 m slip and M-w 8.7-9.2. Simulated tsunami inundation agrees with sparse deposits left by the A. D. 1700 and older tsunamis. Tsunami simulations for large (22-30 m slip) and medium (14-19 m slip) splay fault scenarios encompass 80%-95% of all inundation scenarios and provide reasonable guidelines for landuse planning and coastal development. The maximum tsunami inundation simulated for the greatest splay fault scenario (3644 m slip) can help to guide development of local tsunami evacuation zones. C1 [Witter, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Zhang, Yinglong J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Coastal Resources Management, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Wang, Kelin] Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Priest, George R.; Stimely, Laura; English, John T.; Ferro, Paul A.] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Goldfinger, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Witter, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08NWS4670028, NA09NWS4670014]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0842728]; International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) 588 coastal change FX Supporting grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA08NWS4670028 and NA09NWS4670014) were awarded through the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. Critical and constructive reviews by H. Kelsey, P. Molnar, D. Brothers, and an anonymous reviewer strengthened the paper. This research is a contribution toward National Science Foundation award EAR-0842728 and International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) 588 coastal change. NR 91 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2013 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1783 EP 1803 DI 10.1130/GES00899.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 273AZ UT WOS:000328506400017 ER PT J AU Moore, JG Moring, BC AF Moore, James G. Moring, Barry C. TI Rangewide glaciation in the Sierra Nevada, California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SNOW-COVER; USA; GLACIERS; MODIS AB The 600-km-long Sierra Nevada underwent extensive Pleistocene glaciation except for its southernmost 100 km. Presently, similar to 1700 small glaciers and ice masses near the crest of the range occur above 3250 m in elevation; these covered an area of similar to 50 km(2) in 1972. Fourteen of the largest glaciers decreased by about one half in area during the period from 1900 to 2004. Rock glaciers, generally glacial ice covered by 1-10 m of rockfall debris, occur in about the same span of the range as ice and permanent snowfields. They are, on average, lower by 200-300 m, apparently because of the insulating layer of rocky rubble that protects their internal ice from the sun's heat and from wind. The principal Pleistocene glacial stages are the Sherwin (ca. 820 ka), Tahoe (170-130 and ca. 70 ka), Tioga (14-28 ka), and Recess Peak (13 ka). Some 7040 glacial lakes, produced primarily by quarrying from bedrock, were mostly exposed after recession of the Tioga glacial stage. The lakes largely mark the area of primary snow accumulation. Below the lower limit of the lakes, ice flowed downward into river-cut canyons, forming major trunk glaciers within the zone of ablation. The range is in general a westward-tilted block upfaulted on its east side. Therefore, the main late Pleistocene trunk glaciers (Tahoe/ Tioga) west of the crest extend 25-60 km, whereas those east of the crest extend only 5-20 km. Because of higher precipitation northward, glacial features such as the toes of existing glaciers and rock glaciers, as well as the late season present-day snowline, all decrease in elevation northward. Likewise, the elevation of the lower limit of glacial lakes, an indication of the zone of snow accumulation during the late Pleistocene, decreases about the same degree. This similarity suggests that the overall climate patterns of the late Pleistocene, though cooler, were similar to those of today. The east slope glaciers show a similar northward depression, but they are similar to 500-1000 m higher. The upper part of the glacial system was erosive over a broad highland area as the evenly distributed ice in the accumulation zone moved to lower elevation. The abundant lake basins record this erosive action. The lower part of the glacier system was largely confined to major preexisting river canyons in which melting dominated. The average of rangewide estimates of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA)-the boundary between the upper snow and ice accumulation zone and the lower ablation zone-of many late Pleistocene glaciers parallels, and is only 200-300 m above, the altitude of the lower limit of the lakes. Hence, the lake zone provides a means of estimating the ELA. C1 [Moore, James G.; Moring, Barry C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2013 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1804 EP 1818 DI 10.1130/GES00891.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 273AZ UT WOS:000328506400018 ER PT J AU Craddock, WH Kylander-Clark, ARC AF Craddock, William H. Kylander-Clark, Andrew R. C. TI U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Tertiary Mississippi River Delta in central Louisiana: Insights into sediment provenance SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; FORELAND BASIN SYSTEM; CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO PLATEAU; COASTAL-PLAIN; NORTHWESTERN GULF; LARAMIDE FORELAND; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS AB The sources of the tremendous amount of Cenozoic siliciclastic sediment deposited in the Gulf of Mexico region remain debated because of a lack of definitive provenance-identifying characteristics. In an effort to build on prior provenance analysis, we present 101-160 single-grain detrital zircon U-Pb ages for each of 10 outcrop samples from Upper Paleocene to Upper Miocene sandstones from a similar to 10,000 km(2) swath of central Louisiana corresponding to the ancient Mississippi River Delta, the largest Cenozoic depocenter in the northern Gulf of Mexico region. Sample depositional age control is derived from biostratigraphy and/or regional lithostratigraphic correlation. U-Pb ages in each of the samples range from Cenozoic to Archean, and correspond to the ages of various geologic terranes that underlie the modern Mississippi River drainage basin. However, the prominence of various age distributions changes systematically through the Cenozoic stratigraphy, and pronounced shifts in the abundance of certain age distributions between stratal packages appear to be correlated to shifts in heavy mineral assemblages recorded across the northern Gulf of Mexico coastal plain. Comparison of coastal plain detrital zircon age distributions to age distributions from North American sedimentary cover and the ages of major North American crystalline basement rocks, aided by a sediment mixing model, illuminates the provenance of each of the stratal packages, and suggests that (1) the Mississippi River catchment has resembled its present configuration, at least in the east-west dimension, for much, if not all, of the Cenozoic, and (2) depositional episodes on the Louisiana coastal plain characterized by high sediment supply also corresponded to high proportions of sediment sourcing from the Sevier-Laramide region of the interior western United States. Sediment supply to the Louisiana coastal plain by the paleo-Mississippi River has generally been high during the Cenozoic, except for an anomalous low during the Middle Eocene, when the abundance of sediment derived from the Rocky Mountain region decreased dramatically relative to sediment derived from the Appalachian region. C1 [Craddock, William H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kylander-Clark, Andrew R. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Craddock, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wcraddock@usgs.gov FU Sharon Swanson and Brenda Pierce FX Craddock thanks Richard McCulloh and Paul Heinrich of the Louisiana Geological Survey for assistance in locating surface outcrops, and Sharon Swanson and Brenda Pierce for supporting this research. Kathleen Spiegelberg provided valuable assistance with field-work logistics. Jake Covault helped initiate this research effort. Reviews by Cristian Carvajal and Peter Warwick improved this manuscript. An exceptionally constructive and challenging review from Todd LaMaskin was particularly helpful. We thank Willy Amidon for access to his sediment mixing models. NR 121 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2013 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1832 EP 1851 DI 10.1130/GES00917.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 273AZ UT WOS:000328506400020 ER PT J AU Underwood, EB Bowers, S Guzy, JC Lovich, JE Taylor, CA Gibbons, JW Dorcas, ME AF Underwood, Elizabeth B. Bowers, Sarah Guzy, Jacquelyn C. Lovich, Jeffrey E. Taylor, Carole A. Gibbons, J. Whitfield Dorcas, Michael E. TI SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND FEEDING ECOLOGY OF DIAMOND-BACKED TERRAPINS (MALACLEMYS TERRAPIN) SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Bite force; Emydidae; Handling time; Head size; Jaw musculature ID BITE FORCE; TROPHIC MORPHOLOGY; LACERTID LIZARDS; SIZE DIMORPHISM; SALT MARSHES; PERFORMANCE; PREY; DIET; EVOLUTION; TURTLES AB Natural and sexual selection are frequently invoked as causes of sexual size dimorphism in animals. Many species of turtles, including the Diamond-backed Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin), exhibit sexual dimorphism in body size, possibly enabling the sexes to exploit different resources and reduce intraspecific competition. Female terrapins not only have larger body sizes but also disproportionately larger skulls and jaws relative to males. To better understand the relationship between skull morphology and terrapin feeding ecology, we measured the in-lever to out-lever ratios of 27 male and 33 female terrapin jaws to evaluate biomechanics of the trophic apparatus. In addition, we measured prey handling times by feeding Fiddler Crabs (Uca pugnax), a natural prey item, to 24 terrapins in the laboratory. Our results indicate that although females have disproportionately larger heads, they have similar in: out lever ratios to males, suggesting that differences in adductor muscle mass are more important in determining bite force than jaw in: out lever ratios. Females also had considerably reduced prey handling times. Understanding the factors affecting terrapin feeding ecology can illuminate the potential roles male and female terrapins play as top-down predators that regulate grazing of Periwinkle Snails (Littorina irrorata) on Cord Grass (Spartina alterniflora). C1 [Underwood, Elizabeth B.; Bowers, Sarah; Guzy, Jacquelyn C.; Dorcas, Michael E.] Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. [Underwood, Elizabeth B.] Cape Eleuthera Inst, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, Bahamas. [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Taylor, Carole A.] Univ S Carolina, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. [Gibbons, J. Whitfield] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Guzy, JC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jackieguzy@gmail.com OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 FU Davidson College Biology Department, a Davidson College Faculty Research Grant; Pittman Foundation; US Department of Energy [DE-ACO9-76SROO-819]; University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory [DE-ACO9-76SROO-819] FX We thank the various individuals and institutions that loaned skeletal specimens for this research, specifically R. Burke (Hofstra University), Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, Michigan State University Museum, and Carnegie Museum of Natural History. We also thank M. L. Habegger (University of South Florida) for guidance in skull morphology analyses. A. Baker (Resort Quest) provided housing for our research and naturalists from the Kiawah Nature Center and assisted with numerous logistical issues. Funding for this research was provided by Davidson College Biology Department, a Davidson College Faculty Research Grant to MED, and the Pittman Foundation. This research was approved by the Davidson College and University of Georgia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. Research was conducted under a permit to JWG from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. Research and manuscript preparation were supported by contract number DE-ACO9-76SROO-819 between the US Department of Energy and the University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 EI 1938-5099 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 2013 VL 69 IS 4 BP 397 EP 404 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 273MP UT WOS:000328539300002 ER PT J AU Syslo, JM Guy, CS Cox, BS AF Syslo, John M. Guy, Christopher S. Cox, Benjamin S. TI Comparison of Harvest Scenarios for the Cost-Effective Suppression of Lake Trout in Swan Lake, Montana SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; YELLOWSTONE LAKE; TROPHIC CASCADE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISH COMMUNITY; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; REMOVAL; DISPLACEMENT AB Given the large amount of resources required for long-term control or eradication projects, it is important to assess strategies and associated costs and outcomes before a particular plan is implemented. We developed a population model to assess the cost-effectiveness of mechanical removal strategies for suppressing long-term abundance of nonnative Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in Swan Lake, Montana. We examined the efficacy of targeting life stages (i.e., juveniles or adults) using temporally pulsed fishing effort for reducing abundance and program cost. Exploitation rates were high (0.80 for juveniles and 0.68 for adults) compared with other lakes in the western USA with Lake Trout suppression programs. Harvesting juveniles every year caused the population to decline, whereas harvesting only adults caused the population to increase above carrying capacity. Simultaneous harvest of juveniles and adults was required to cause the population to collapse (i.e., 95% reduction relative to unharvested abundance) with 95% confidence. The population could collapse within 15years for a total program cost of US$1,578,480 using the most aggressive scenario. Substantial variation in cost existed among harvest scenarios for a given reduction in abundance; however, total program cost was minimized when collapse was rapid. Our approach provides a useful case study for evaluating long-term mechanical removal options for fish populations that are not likely to be eradicated. C1 [Syslo, John M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cox, Benjamin S.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Clackamas, OR 97015 USA. RP Syslo, JM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jsyslo@montana.edu FU Montana State University; Montana FWP; U.S. Geological Survey; Montana State University [28-06] FX The Swan Valley Bull Trout Working Group is a collaborative effort between Montana FWP, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Montana Trout Unlimited, and Montana State University. L. Rosenthal and W. Fredenberg were instrumental to the completion of this study. J. Powell provided innovative coding solutions and constructive conversation during model development. M. Hansen, J. Ruzycki, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments that improved this manuscript. The Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by Montana State University, Montana FWP, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of Montana State University protocol 28-06. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1079 EP 1090 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.824935 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500002 ER PT J AU Worthington, TA Brewer, SK Farless, N AF Worthington, Thomas A. Brewer, Shannon K. Farless, Nicole TI Spatial and Temporal Variation in Efficiency of the Moore Egg Collector SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GRANDE SILVERY MINNOW; LIFE-HISTORY; FRESH-WATER; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SAMPLING EFFICIENCY; CONSERVATION STATUS; HYBOGNATHUS-AMARUS; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; PRAIRIE STREAMS; BRAZOS RIVER AB The Moore egg collector (MEC) was developed for quantitative and nondestructive capture of semibuoyant fish eggs. Previous studies have indicated that capture efficiency of the MEC was low and the use of one device did not adequately represent the spatial distribution within the water column of egg surrogates (gellan beads) of pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids. The objective of this study was to assess whether use of multiple MECs showed differences in spatial and temporal distribution of bead catches. Capture efficiency of three MECs was tested at four 500-m sites on the South Canadian River, a Great Plains river in Oklahoma. For each trial, approximately 100,000 beads were released and mean capture efficiency was 0.47-2.16%. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests indicated the spatial distributions of bead catches were different among multiple MECs at three of four sites. Temporal variability in timing of peak catches of gellan beads was also evident between MECs. We concluded that the use of multiple MECs is necessary to properly sample eggs of pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids. C1 [Worthington, Thomas A.; Farless, Nicole] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Brewer, Shannon K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu RI Worthington, Thomas/N-5121-2015 OI Worthington, Thomas/0000-0002-8138-9075 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) [F11AP00112] FX This research is a contribution of the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service agreement F11AP00112). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank B. Brown and R. Mollenhauer for field assistance, C. Jennings for providing gellan beads, and S. Platania and associates for technical and logistical assistance. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1113 EP 1118 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.824939 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500005 ER PT J AU Hanson, KC Ostrand, KG AF Hanson, Kyle C. Ostrand, Kenneth G. TI Evaluation of Transmitter Application Techniques for Use in Research of Adult Eulachon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; SURGICAL IMPLANTATION; FISH; BIOTELEMETRY; SURGEON; STRESS AB The Eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus is a small anadromous fish whose annual spawning runs historically totaled millions of fish returning to the Columbia River in the Northwest United States. Recent population declines of returning adult Eulachon have been attributed to many factors, leading to the Eulachon being listed as threatened on the U.S. Federal Endangered Species List. However, basic life history information of the Eulachon in freshwater remains unknown, hampering efforts to manage the species. In the current study, we tested common transmitter application techniques (internal implantation versus external attachment) for use on adult Eulachon captured as they approached terminal spawning areas and measured both lethal and sublethal effects of each procedure. Time to mortality, overall mortality, and the proportion of fish that showed external signs of disease did not differ between techniques. Fish from the external attachment group had the lowest concentrations of the plasma ions Na+ and Cl-, potentially indicating increased chronic stress associated with this procedure. Internal implantation of transmitters did not induce increased mortality or sublethal stress, though female fish experienced some egg loss through the incision site. The ultimate effects of transmitter implantation into the egg mass are unknown. Our results suggest that both internal implantation and external attachment of transmitters are viable biotelemetric techniques for use on migrating Eulachon at terminal spawning areas, though various sublethal effects unique to each procedure need to be carefully evaluated by prospective researchers. C1 [Hanson, Kyle C.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Appl Res Program Ecol Physiol, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Hanson, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Appl Res Program Ecol Physiol, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM kyle_hanson@fws.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service through a Species Recovery Grant [NA10NMF4720373] FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding for this research was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service through a Species Recovery Grant to the Cowlitz Indian Tribe Natural Resources Department (NA10NMF4720373). We thank Craig Olds and the Cowlitz Indian Tribe fisheries staff for capture and transfer of study fish. We also thank Patty Crandell for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1119 EP 1124 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.826760 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500006 ER PT J AU Dunham, JB Chelgren, ND Heck, MP Clark, SM AF Dunham, Jason B. Chelgren, Nathan D. Heck, Michael P. Clark, Steven M. TI Comparison of Electrofishing Techniques to Detect Larval Lampreys in Wadeable Streams in the Pacific Northwest SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; DWELLING SALMONIDS AB We evaluated the probability of detecting larval lampreys using different methods of backpack electrofishing in wadeable streams in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Our primary objective was to compare capture of lampreys using electrofishing with standard settings for salmon and trout to settings specifically adapted for capture of lampreys. Field work consisted of removal sampling by means of backpack electrofishing in 19 sites in streams representing a broad range of conditions in the region. Captures of lampreys at these sites were analyzed with a modified removal-sampling model and Bayesian estimation to measure the relative odds of capture using the lamprey-specific settings compared with the standard salmonid settings. We found that the odds of capture were 2.66 (95% credible interval, 0.87-78.18) times greater for the lamprey-specific settings relative to standard salmonid settings. When estimates of capture probability were applied to estimating the probabilities of detection, we found high (>0.80) detectability when the actual number of lampreys in a site was greater than 10 individuals and effort was at least two passes of electrofishing, regardless of the settings used. Further work is needed to evaluate key assumptions in our approach, including the evaluation of individual-specific capture probabilities and population closure. For now our results suggest comparable results are possible for detection of lampreys by using backpack electrofishing with salmonid- or lamprey-specific settings. C1 [Dunham, Jason B.; Chelgren, Nathan D.; Heck, Michael P.; Clark, Steven M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jdunham@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX This work was supported the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. C. Cook-Tabor provided assistance with project coordination and direction. R. Paradis, T. Ritchie, S. Spock, S. Richardson, and B. Ramirez provided key assistance with field sampling. L. Ward and M. McHenry provided field assistance and advice in locating streams to study on Strait of Juan de Fuca. M. Meeuwig and J. Jolley provided constructive comments on an early draft. Use of trade or firm names herein is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1149 EP 1155 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.826758 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500009 ER PT J AU Breton, AR Hawkins, JA Winkelman, DL AF Breton, Andre R. Hawkins, John A. Winkelman, Dana L. TI Correcting Length-Frequency Distributions for Imperfect Detection SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; SIZE STRUCTURE; FISH; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; CATFISH; RIVER AB Sampling gear selects for specific sizes of fish, which may bias length-frequency distributions that are commonly used to assess population size structure, recruitment patterns, growth, and survival. To properly correct for sampling biases caused by gear and other sources, length-frequency distributions need to be corrected for imperfect detection. We describe a method for adjusting length-frequency distributions when capture and recapture probabilities are a function of fish length, temporal variation, and capture history. The method is applied to a study involving the removal of Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu by boat electrofishing from a 38.6-km reach on the Yampa River, Colorado. Smallmouth Bass longer than 100mm were marked and released alive from 2005 to 2010 on one or more electrofishing passes and removed on all other passes from the population. Using the Huggins mark-recapture model, we detected a significant effect of fish total length, previous capture history (behavior), year, pass, yearxbehavior, and yearxpass on capture and recapture probabilities. We demonstrate how to partition the Huggins estimate of abundance into length frequencies to correct for these effects. Uncorrected length frequencies of fish removed from Little Yampa Canyon were negatively biased in every year by as much as 88% relative to mark-recapture estimates for the smallest length-class in our analysis (100-110mm). Bias declined but remained high even for adult length-classes (200mm). The pattern of bias across length-classes was variable across years. The percentage of unadjusted counts that were below the lower 95% confidence interval from our adjusted length-frequency estimates were 95, 89, 84, 78, 81, and 92% from 2005 to 2010, respectively. Length-frequency distributions are widely used in fisheries science and management. Our simple method for correcting length-frequency estimates for imperfect detection could be widely applied when mark-recapture data are available. C1 [Breton, Andre R.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hawkins, John A.] Colorado State Univ, Larval Fish Lab, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Winkelman, Dana L.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hawkins, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Larval Fish Lab, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1474 Campus Mail, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.hawkins@colostate.edu NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1156 EP 1165 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.829141 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500010 ER PT J AU Webber, PA Bestgen, KR Haines, GB AF Webber, P. Aaron Bestgen, Kevin R. Haines, G. Bruce TI Tributary Spawning by Endangered Colorado River Basin Fishes in the White River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DAILY INCREMENT DEPOSITION; REARED RAZORBACK SUCKERS; MIDDLE GREEN RIVER; XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; PTYCHOCHEILUS-LUCIUS; POPULATION STATUS; UTAH; SQUAWFISH; PIKEMINNOW; SURVIVAL AB The Green River system in the upper Colorado River basin supports populations of endangered Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus and Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius. Documented spawning areas for these species are few and occur mainly in the Green River main stem and the lower reach of the tributary Yampa River. Herein, we report spawning by both species in an additional Green River tributary, the White River. We documented Razorback Sucker and Colorado Pikeminnow larvae and early juveniles in a 20-km reach of the lower White River, Utah, in 2011. Movement of hatchery-produced Razorback Sucker adults into the White River and subsequent reproduction suggests that these fish use the system to complete important life history processes. Presence of spawning areas for two endangered fishes in the White River emphasizes the important role of tributaries for providing spawning and rearing habitat for native and endangered fishes. C1 [Webber, P. Aaron; Haines, G. Bruce] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. [Bestgen, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Larval Fish Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Webber, PA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, 1380 South 2350 West, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. EM aaron_webber@fws.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation through the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program FX This study was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation through the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank A. Guy, J. Doering, M. Partlow, E. Anderson, D. Beers, J. Martinez, and M. Allen for help with fieldwork; S. Seal, D. Snyder, and D. Davis for assistance with fish identification; A. Hill for creating the map; T. Francis for database information; and T. Czapla for stocking information. T. Chart, D. Propst, P. Budy, R. Muth, and an anonymous reviewer provided useful suggestions that improved a previous draft of this manuscript. This is Larval Fish Laboratory Contribution 174. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1166 EP 1171 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.829142 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500011 ER PT J AU Mesa, MG Gee, LP Weiland, LK Christiansen, HE AF Mesa, Matthew G. Gee, Lisa P. Weiland, Lisa K. Christiansen, Helena E. TI Physiological Responses of Adult Rainbow Trout Experimentally Released through a Unique Fish Conveyance Device SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; STRESS RESPONSES; HIDROSTAL PUMP; ARCHIMEDES LIFTS; CLOVE OIL; PASSAGE AB We assessed the physiological stress responses (i.e., plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, and lactate) of adult Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at selected time intervals after they had passed a distance of 15m through a unique fish conveyance device (treatment fish) or not (controls). This device differs from traditional fish pumps in two important ways: (1) it transports objects in air, rather than pumping them from and with water; and (2) it uses a unique tube for transport that has a series of soft, deformable baffles spaced evenly apart and situated perpendicular within a rigid, but flexible outer shell. Mean concentrations of the plasma constituents never differed (P > 0.05) between control and treatment fish at 0, 1, 4, 8, or 24h after passage, and only minor differences were apparent between the different time intervals within a group. We observed no obvious injuries on any of our fish. Our results indicate that passage through this device did not severely stress or injure fish and it may allow for the rapid and safe movement of fish at hatcheries, sorting or handling facilities, or passage obstacles. C1 [Mesa, Matthew G.; Gee, Lisa P.; Weiland, Lisa K.; Christiansen, Helena E.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM mmesa@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was supported by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Vincent Bryan III, Todd Deligan, Tony Finazzo, and Jeff Gueble of Whooshh Innovations for their technical assistance. We also thank Joe Benjamin, Alec Maule, Dennis Sitherwood, Lyman Thorsteinson, Joe Warren, and Steve Waste for technical and administrative assistance. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1179 EP 1183 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.833560 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500013 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Madenjian, CP AF Pothoven, Steven A. Madenjian, Charles P. TI Increased Piscivory by Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; ONTOGENIC NICHE SHIFTS; INVASIVE ROUND GOBY; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; LARGEMOUTH BASS; LIFE-HISTORY; YELLOW PERCH AB We evaluated the diet of Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lake Huron during 2002-2011 to determine the importance of Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus and other fish as prey items. Lake Whitefish that had reached approximately 400mm in length incorporated fish into their diets. The overall percentage of adult Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron that had eaten fish increased from 10% in 2002-2006 to 20% in 2007-2011, with a corresponding decrease in the frequency of Lake Whitefish that ate Dreissena spp. from 52% to 33%. During 2002-2006, Round Goby (wet mass, 38%), sculpins (Cottidae) (34%), and Ninespine Stickleback Pungitius pungitius (18%) were the primary fish eaten, whereas Round Goby accounted for 92% of the fish eaten in 2007-2011. Overall, Round Goby were found in the fewest Lake Whitefish stomachs in the north region of Lake Huron (6%) and in the most in the central (23%) and south (19%) regions of the lake. In the central region, Round Goby were eaten during all seasons that were sampled (spring through fall). In the south region, Round Goby were eaten only in the winter and spring but not in the summer when Dreissena spp. and spiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus dominated the diet. Based on the 2007-2011 diet composition, an individual Lake Whitefish would need to have increased their consumption relative to that in 1983-1994 by 6% in the north region, 12% in the central region, and 41% in the southern region in order to achieve the same growth that was observed before dreissenid mussels arrived. However, Lake Whitefish weight adjusted for length only increased by 2% between 2002-2006 and 2007-2011 in the central region, decreased by 4% in the northern region, and remained constant in the southern region. This suggests that a shift toward more frequent piscivory does not necessarily improve the condition of a generalist feeder like Lake Whitefish. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX Lake Whitefish stomachs and project support were provided by J. He, M. Ebener, L. Mohr, A. Cottrill, S. Koproski, D. Fielder, and J. Bence. We also thank J. Elliot and A. Zantello for their detailed examination of Lake Whitefish stomach contents. Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. This article is contribution 1682 of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory and 1795 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Mention of specific products does not constitute endorsement by the authors' agencies. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1194 EP 1202 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.839973 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500015 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Slattery, MT Clifford, KM AF McKenna, James E., Jr. Slattery, Michael T. Clifford, Kean M. TI Broad-Scale Patterns of Brook Trout Responses to Introduced Brown Trout in New York SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; HABITAT USE; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; SALMON RIVER; LAKE-ONTARIO; STREAM; FISH; TEMPERATURE AB Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis and Brown Trout Salmo trutta are valuable sport fish that coexist in many parts of the world due to stocking introductions. Causes for the decline of Brook Trout within their native range are not clear but include competition with Brown Trout, habitat alteration, and repetitive stocking practices. New York State contains a large portion of the Brook Trout's native range, where both species are maintained by stocking and other management actions. We used artificial neural network models, regression, principal components analysis, and simulation to evaluate the effects of Brown Trout, environmental conditions, and stocking on the distribution of Brook Trout in the center of their native range. We found evidence for the decline of Brook Trout in the presence of Brown Trout across many watersheds; 22% of sampled reaches where both species were expected to occur contained only Brown Trout. However, a model of the direct relationship between Brook Trout and Brown Trout abundance explained less than 1% of data variation. Ordination showed extensive overlap of Brook Trout and Brown Trout habitat conditions, with only small components of the hypervolume (multidimensional space) being distinctive. Subsequent analysis indicated higher abundances of Brook Trout in highly forested areas, while Brown Trout were more abundant in areas with relatively high proportions of agriculture. Simulation results indicated that direct interactions and habitat conditions were relatively minor factors compared with the effects of repeated stocking of Brown Trout into Brook Trout habitat. Intensive annual stocking of Brown Trout could eliminate resident Brook Trout in less than a decade. Ecological differences, harvest behavior, and other habitat changes can exacerbate Brook Trout losses. Custom stocking scenarios with Brown Trout introductions at relatively low proportions of resident Brook Trout populations may be able to sustain healthy populations of both species within their present range. C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.; Slattery, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Clifford, Kean M.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemckenna@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1221 EP 1235 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.830998 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500018 ER PT J AU Rook, BJ Hansen, MJ Gorman, OT AF Rook, Benjamin J. Hansen, Michael J. Gorman, Owen T. TI Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influencing Cisco Recruitment Dynamics in Lake Superior during 1978-2007 SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDII; RAINBOW SMELT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GREAT-LAKES; FISH; MICHIGAN; WATERS; WISCONSIN; WHITEFISH; ABUNDANCE AB Historically, the Cisco Coregonus artedi was abundant throughout the Great Lakes basin, but anthropogenic influences caused the collapse of stocks during the mid-1900s, and fishery managers are currently exploring options for restoration. To increase understanding of biotic and abiotic factors influencing Cisco recruitment dynamics throughout the Great Lakes, we used Ricker stock-recruitment models with rearing-habitat-weighted indices of recruitment and adult spawning stock size in Lake Superior to identify and quantify (1) the appropriate spatial scale for modeling age-1 recruitment dynamics and (2) the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on age-1 recruitment dynamics within the regions identified for modeling. Cisco recruitment variation in Lake Superior was best described by a regional model with separate stock-recruitment relationships for western, southern, eastern, and northern regions. The spatial scale for modeling was approximately 260km. Age-1 recruitment was negatively correlated with adult spawning stock size in all four regions. Multifactor models suggested (1) a positive correlation between age-1 recruitment and the interaction between wind speed and air temperature on a lakewide scale and (2) a negative correlation between age-1 recruitment and the biomass of Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax on a regional scale. Large-scale abiotic factors are beyond the control of fishery managers, so harvest of adult Ciscoes and potential predators and competitors should be carefully managed to achieve desired goals in Lake Superior. Although our study was limited to Cisco stocks in Lake Superior, we believe that our general findings can be more broadly applied (albeit with caution) to the restoration and management of remnant stocks throughout the Great Lakes basin. C1 [Rook, Benjamin J.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Hansen, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Gorman, Owen T.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Rook, BJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 2100 Main St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM rook_ben@hotmail.com OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We thank the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for funding this project. We are grateful to Don Schreiner, Steve Geving, and Ted Halpern (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources), Steve Schram and Mike Seider (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources), Shawn Sitar (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), Jeff Black and Steve Chong (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources), and Bill Mattes (Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission), who made this project possible by providing assessment and commercial fishery data. Kevin Russell and Eric Anderson provided guidance and valuable discussion. We also thank everyone at the U.S. Geological Survey's Lake Superior Biological Station, specifically Dan Yule for providing one very hard-to-find book and Lori Evrard for database support. Karl Ryavec and Al Bond provided desperately needed GIS and programming support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is contribution 1799 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1243 EP 1257 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.837122 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500020 ER PT J AU Bakevich, BD Pierce, CL Quist, MC AF Bakevich, Bryan D. Pierce, Clay L. Quist, Michael C. TI Habitat, Fish Species, and Fish Assemblage Associations of the Topeka Shiner in West-Central Iowa SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; NOTROPIS-TOPEKA; FATHEAD MINNOW; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; CONNECTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; MISSOURI; PATTERNS; STREAMS AB Our goal was to identify habitat, fish species, and fish assemblages associated with the occurrence of Topeka Shiners Notropis topeka in stream and off-channel habitat (OCH) of west-central Iowa. Fish assemblages and habitat characteristics were estimated in 67 stream and 27 OCH sites during 2010-2011. Topeka Shiners were sampled in 52% of OCH sites, but in only 9% of stream sites, which supports the hypothesis that OCH is an important component of their life history. Fish assemblages containing Topeka Shiners were different from those that did not contain Topeka Shiners in OCH sites, but this was not evident in stream sites. Results from logistic regression models suggested that Topeka Shiner presence was associated with increased submerged vegetation and abundance of Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas. Contrary to the findings of other studies, the abundance of large piscivorous fishes was not associated with the occurrence of Topeka Shiners. Our results provide new information about the biology and life history of the Topeka Shiner that will guide habitat restoration and other recovery efforts. C1 [Bakevich, Bryan D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Bakevich, BD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bbakevich@gmail.com FU Department of Natural Resource Ecology at Iowa State University; Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Iowa Department of Natural Resources FX We thank Savanna Bice, Jacob Miller, Cole Harty, Jared Brashears, Brett Meyers, Grant Scholten, and Michael Sundberg for their assistance in the field and Michael Colvin and Jesse Fischer for their suggestions throughout this study. We also thank Daryl Howell for his cooperation and Aleshia Kenney, Kraig McPeek, Richard Eades, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. Additionally, we thank Philip Dixon for his comments and suggestions for figures and statistical analyses. This project was supported in part by the Department of Natural Resource Ecology at Iowa State University, Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1258 EP 1268 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.839969 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500021 ER PT J AU DeHaan, PW Bernall, SR AF DeHaan, Patrick W. Bernall, Shana R. TI Spawning Success of Bull Trout Transported above Main-Stem Clark Fork River Dams in Idaho and Montana SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GENETIC POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; BLACKFOOT RIVER; CUTTHROAT TROUT; NORTHERN PIKE AB Three main-stem dams have fragmented the Clark Fork River in Montana and Idaho for nearly 100years. Since 2001, Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus collected below the farthest downstream dam, Cabinet Gorge Dam, have been manually transported upstream so that they can return to natal spawning tributaries and contribute gametes to numerically depressed populations upstream from the dams. Although redd counts and radio telemetry data suggest that these adults attempted to spawn after upstream transport, spawning success has not been documented or quantified. We used genetic parentage assignments to determine whether adult Bull Trout were successfully spawning after being transported upstream. Parentage data were also used to examine reproductive success and spawning behavior of fish transported upstream (transports) as well as Bull Trout that spawned in the same tributaries but were not transported upstream (nontransports). We genotyped 1,362 juvenile Bull Trout collected in two Clark Fork River tributaries, East Fork Bull River and Graves Creek, from 2008 to 2010 as well as 184 adult Bull Trout collected below Cabinet Gorge Dam and in Clark Fork River tributaries from 2004 to 2010. Parentage data indicated that Bull Trout collected below Cabinet Gorge Dam did spawn after upstream transport; nearly 27% of the juveniles sampled in this study had at least one upstream transport parent. Reproductive success varied widely among the adults we assigned as parents. We observed a variety of spawning patterns including adults that spawned only once, annual repeat spawners, and alternate-year spawners. Our data provide evidence that the upstream transport program is meeting its goal of increasing the number of spawning adults in Bull Trout populations upstream from Clark Fork River dams and highlights the fact that nontransported fish also make an important contribution to the local tributary populations. C1 [DeHaan, Patrick W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Bernall, Shana R.] Avista Corp, Noxon, MT 59853 USA. RP DeHaan, PW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM patrick_dehaan@fws.gov FU Avista Corporation FX Funding for this project was provided by Avista Corporation. We thank the numerous biologists and technicians from Avista Corporation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks who helped collect genetic samples for this project as well as John Holmes for collecting Bull Trout hatchery families. We also thank Matt Diggs, Brice Adams, and Jennifer Von Bargen for laboratory assistance and Joe DosSantos, Larry Lockard, and Denise Hawkins for helping to establish this project. Denise Hawkins, Wade Fredenberg, Christian Smith, Patty Crandell, Clint Muhlfeld, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments and discussion on earlier versions of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1269 EP 1282 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.839971 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500022 ER PT J AU Kemp, AC Horton, BP Vane, CH Bernhardt, CE Corbett, DR Engelhart, SE Anisfeld, SC Parnell, AC Cahill, N AF Kemp, Andrew C. Horton, Benjamin P. Vane, Christopher H. Bernhardt, Christopher E. Corbett, D. Reide Engelhart, Simon E. Anisfeld, Shimon C. Parnell, Andrew C. Cahill, Niamh TI Sea-level change during the last 2500 years in New Jersey, USA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Foraminifera; Salt-marsh; Transfer function; Medieval Climate Anomaly; Little Ice Age; 20th Century ID SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; STABLE CARBON-ISOTOPE; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; LATE HOLOCENE; ATLANTIC COAST; UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; LAND SUBSIDENCE; ORGANIC-MATTER; MERSEY ESTUARY AB Relative sea-level changes during the last similar to 2500 years in New Jersey, USA were reconstructed to test if late Holocene sea level was stable or included persistent and distinctive phases of variability. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment delta C-13 values were combined to reconstruct paleomarsh elevation with decimeter precision from sequences of salt-marsh sediment at two sites using a multi-proxy approach. The additional paleoenvironmental information provided by bulk-sediment delta C-13 values reduced vertical uncertainty in the sea-level reconstruction by about one third of that estimated from foraminifera alone using a transfer function. The history of sediment deposition was constrained by a composite chronology. An age-depth model developed for each core enabled reconstruction of sea level with multi-decadal resolution. Following correction for land-level change (1.4 mm/yr), four successive and sustained (multi-centennial) sea-level trends were objectively identified and quantified (95% confidence interval) using error-in-variables change point analysis to account for age and sea-level uncertainties. From at least 500 BC to 250 AD, sea-level fell at 0.11 mm/yr. The second period saw sea-level rise at 0.62 mm/yr from 250 AD to 733 AD. Between 733 AD and 1850 AD, sea level fell at 0.12 mm/yr. The reconstructed rate of sea-level rise since similar to 1850 AD was 3.1 mm/yr and represents the most rapid period of change for at least 2500 years. This trend began between 1830 AD and 1873 AD. Since this change point, reconstructed sea-level rise is in agreement with regional tide-gauge records and exceeds the global average estimate for the 20th century. These positive and negative departures from background rates demonstrate that the late Holocene sea level was not stable in New Jersey. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kemp, Andrew C.] Tufts Univ, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Div Earth Sci, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Vane, Christopher H.] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Bernhardt, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Corbett, D. Reide] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Anisfeld, Shimon C.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Parnell, Andrew C.; Cahill, Niamh] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Math Sci Stat, Complex Adapt Syst Lab, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Kemp, AC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM andrew.kemp@tufts.edu RI Vane, Christopher/A-8814-2008; Parnell, Andrew/C-7284-2014; OI Vane, Christopher/0000-0002-8150-3640; Parnell, Andrew/0000-0001-7956-7939; Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA110AR4310101]; NSF [EAR-1052848, EAR-0951686]; BGS Climate and Landscape research program; Earthwatch Student Challenge Award Program FX This work was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration award NA110AR4310101 and NSF grants EAR-1052848 and EAR-0951686. Kemp thanks a graduate student internship at NOSAMS that provided radiocarbon dating under the supervision of Dr. Mark Roberts. Vane publishes with permission of the director of the British Geological Survey who partially supported this work through the BGS Climate and Landscape research program. We thank the Edwin Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for granting access and student volunteers from the Earthwatch Student Challenge Award Program for their enthusiastic help for in fieldwork. We thank Daria Nikitina, Nicole Khan, Jessica Pilarczyk, and Andrea Hawkes for their assistance in the field and in the lab. W.R. Peltier and R. Drummond kindly provided the Earth-Ice model predictions for the study sites. This is a contribution to PALSEA and IGCP Project 588 "Preparing for Coastal Change". The manuscript benefited from the thoughtful and productive comments of Tom Cronin (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers. NR 92 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 81 BP 90 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.024 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 272EP UT WOS:000328443400008 ER PT J AU Kurath, G Jolley, JC Thompson, TM Thompson, D Whitesel, TA Gutenberger, S Winton, JR AF Kurath, G. Jolley, J. C. Thompson, T. M. Thompson, D. Whitesel, T. A. Gutenberger, S. Winton, J. R. TI Ammocoetes of Pacific Lamprey Are Not Susceptible to Common Fish Rhabdoviruses of the U.S. Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-SEPTICEMIA-VIRUS; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; EPC CELL-LINE; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; EMERGENCE; EVOLUTION; GENOTYPE; AMERICA AB Pacific Lampreys Entosphenus tridentatus have experienced severe population declines in recent years and efforts to develop captive rearing programs are under consideration. However, there is limited knowledge of their life history, ecology, and potential to harbor or transmit pathogens that may cause infectious disease. As a measure of the possible risks associated with introducing wild lampreys into existing fish culture facilities, larval lampreys (ammocoetes) were tested for susceptibility to infection and mortality caused by experimental exposures to the fish rhabdovirus pathogens: infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). Two IHNV isolates, representing the U and M genogroups, and one VHSV isolate from the IVa genotype were each delivered to groups of ammocoetes by immersion at moderate and high viral doses, and by intraperitoneal injection. Ammocoetes were then held in triplicate tanks with no substrate or sediment. During 41 d of observation postchallenge there was low or no mortality in all groups, and no virus was detected in the small number of fish that died. Ammocoetes sampled for incidence of infection at 6 and 12 d after immersion challenges also had no detectable virus, and no virus was detected in surviving fish from any group. A small number of ammocoetes sampled 6 d after the injection challenge had detectable virus, but at levels below the original quantity of virus injected. Overall there was no evidence of infection, replication, or persistence of any of the viruses in any of the treatment groups. Our results suggest that Pacific Lampreys are highly unlikely to serve as hosts that maintain or transmit these viruses. C1 [Kurath, G.; Thompson, T. M.; Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jolley, J. C.; Whitesel, T. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Thompson, D.; Gutenberger, S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Columbia River Fish Hlth Ctr, Willard, WA 98605 USA. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 Northeast 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gkurath@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 112 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 4 BP 274 EP 280 DI 10.1080/08997659.2013.839967 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 272PQ UT WOS:000328473100008 PM 24341769 ER EF