FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Maloney, KO Weller, DE Michaelson, DE Ciccotto, PJ AF Maloney, Kelly O. Weller, Donald E. Michaelson, Daniel E. Ciccotto, Patrick J. TI Species Distribution Models of Freshwater Stream Fishes in Maryland and Their Implications for Management SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Conditional random forests; Landscape; Prediction; Classification; Habitat suitability ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; HABITAT; CLASSIFICATION; ASSEMBLAGES; ECOSYSTEMS; PREDICTION AB Species distribution models (SDMs) are often used in conservation planning, but their utility can be improved by assessing the relationships between environmental and species response variables. We constructed SDMs for 30 stream fishes of Maryland, USA, using watershed attributes as environmental variables and presence/absence as species responses. SDMs showed substantial agreement between observed and predicted values for 17 species. Most important variables were natural attributes (e.g., ecoregion, watershed area, latitude/longitude); land cover (e.g., %impervious, %row crop) was important for three species. Focused analyses on four representative species (central stoneroller, creek chub, largemouth bass, and white sucker) showed the probability of presence of each species increased non-linearly with watershed area. For these species, SDMs built to predict absent, low, and high densities were similar to presence/absence predictions but provided probable locations of high densities (e.g., probability of high-density creek chub decreased rapidly with watershed area). We applied SDMs to predict suitability of watersheds within the study area for each species. Maps of suitability and the environmental and species response relationships can help develop better management plans. C1 [Maloney, Kelly O.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Maloney, Kelly O.; Weller, Donald E.; Michaelson, Daniel E.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Ciccotto, Patrick J.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Maloney, KO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM kmaloney@usgs.gov; wellerd@si.edu; dem2k@virginia.edu; PCiccotto@dnr.state.md.us OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 FU REU fellowship; Smithsonian Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship FX We thank the Maryland Department of Natural Resources and the MBSS field crew members for providing the MBSS data and Matt Baker for watershed boundaries. We thank Lori Davias and an anonymous reviewer for constructive feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was partly funded by an REU fellowship to DEM. Additional support was provided by a Smithsonian Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship awarded to KOM. NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s10666-012-9325-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063RO UT WOS:000313017800001 ER PT J AU Shea, CP Peterson, JT Conroy, MJ Wisniewski, JM AF Shea, Colin P. Peterson, James T. Conroy, Michael J. Wisniewski, Jason M. TI Evaluating the influence of land use, drought and reach isolation on the occurrence of freshwater mussel species in the lower Flint River Basin, Georgia (USA) SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE false-negative errors; false-positive errors; occupancy; unionids; water resource management ID UNIONID MUSSELS; COASTAL-PLAIN; DAM REMOVAL; STREAM; ASSEMBLAGES; BIVALVIA; RATES; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE AB 1. North American freshwater mussels have been subjected to multiple stressors in recent decades that have contributed to declines in the status and distribution of many species. However, considerable uncertainty exists regarding the relative influence of these factors on observed population declines. 2. We used an occupancy modelling approach to quantify relationships between mussel species occurrence and various site- and catchment-level factors, including land cover, stream size, the occurrence of drought and reach isolation due to impoundment for 21 mussel species native to the lower Flint River Basin, Georgia, U.S.A. 3. Our modelling approach accounted for potential biases associated with both incomplete detection and misidentification of species, which are frequently not accommodated as sources of bias in freshwater mussel studies. 4. Modelling results suggested that mussel species were, on average, four times less likely to be present following severe drought, but the negative effects of drought declined rapidly with increasing stream size. Similarly, mussel species were 15 times less likely to occupy small streams that were isolated from mainstem tributaries by impoundments. 5. This study provides insight into the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on freshwater mussel species. Our findings add to a growing body of literature aimed at improving understanding of the predominant factors influencing freshwater mussel populations and fostering the development of more informed and effective conservation strategies. C1 [Shea, Colin P.; Conroy, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wisniewski, Jason M.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, Social Circle, GA USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jt.peterson@oregonstate.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX This project was funded by a grant from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Sandy Abbott, Paul Benton, Ben Carswell, Justin Dycus, Jason Emmel, Andrea Fritts, Ryan Harrell, Greg Moyer, Katie Owers, Will Pruitt, Brittany Trushel and Deb Weiler assisted with field collections. Earlier drafts of the manuscript were improved by suggestions from Brett Albanese, Mary Freeman, Megan Hagler, David Strayer and an anonymous referee. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government or the US Geological Survey. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 58 IS 2 BP 382 EP 395 DI 10.1111/fwb.12066 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 065DO UT WOS:000313128300013 ER PT J AU Butryn, RS Parrish, DL Rizzo, DM AF Butryn, Ryan S. Parrish, Donna L. Rizzo, Donna M. TI Summer stream temperature metrics for predicting brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distribution in streams SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Stream temperature; Climate change; Salvelinus fontinalis; Event metrics ID RAINBOW-TROUT; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; WATER TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC SALMON; MESSENGER-RNA; NEW-YORK; FISH; GROWTH; FIELD; DECLINES AB We developed a methodology to predict brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distribution using summer temperature metrics as predictor variables. Our analysis used long-term fish and hourly water temperature data from the Dog River, Vermont (USA). Commonly used metrics (e.g., mean, maximum, maximum 7-day maximum) tend to smooth the data so information on temperature variation is lost. Therefore, we developed a new set of metrics (called event metrics) to capture temperature variation by describing the frequency, area, duration, and magnitude of events that exceeded a user-defined temperature threshold. We used 16, 18, 20, and 22A degrees C. We built linear discriminant models and tested and compared the event metrics against the commonly used metrics. Correct classification of the observations was 66% with event metrics and 87% with commonly used metrics. However, combined event and commonly used metrics correctly classified 92%. Of the four individual temperature thresholds, it was difficult to assess which threshold had the "best" accuracy. The 16A degrees C threshold had slightly fewer misclassifications; however, the 20A degrees C threshold had the fewest extreme misclassifications. Our method leveraged the volumes of existing long-term data and provided a simple, systematic, and adaptable framework for monitoring changes in fish distribution, specifically in the case of irregular, extreme temperature events. C1 [Parrish, Donna L.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Rizzo, Donna M.] Univ Vermont, Coll Engn & Math Sci, Burlington, VT USA. RP Parrish, DL (reprint author), Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM Ryan.Butryn@MyFWC.com; dparrish@uvm.edu FU Vermont Fish and Wildlife from the State Wildlife Grants (SWG) program; U.S. Geological Survey; Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife; University of Vermont; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Rod Wentworth for his work on developing and supporting this project and all the VTFW biologists who contributed fish and temperature data, especially Rich Kirn. Ted Ortiz y Pino, Karen Sentoff, Jo Krupa, and Richard Balouskus provided valuable assistance in the field and with data preparation. Al Zale and Martha Mather provided reviews of an earlier version and we appreciate the anonymous reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. Use of brand names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. federal government. This study was funded by Vermont Fish and Wildlife from the State Wildlife Grants (SWG) program. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, University of Vermont, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2013 VL 703 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s10750-012-1336-1 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 060MI UT WOS:000312782000004 ER PT J AU Wood, NJ Schmidtlein, MC AF Wood, Nathan J. Schmidtlein, Mathew C. TI Community variations in population exposure to near-field tsunami hazards as a function of pedestrian travel time to safety SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Evacuation; Path distance; Modeling; Pedestrian; Cascadia ID SOCIAL VULNERABILITY; SCIENCE; SCALE AB Efforts to characterize population exposure to near-field tsunami threats typically focus on quantifying the number and type of people in tsunami-hazard zones. To develop and prioritize effective risk-reduction strategies, emergency managers also need information on the potential for successful evacuations and how this evacuation potential varies among communities. To improve efforts to properly characterize and differentiate near-field tsunami threats among multiple communities, we assess community variations in population exposure to tsunamis as a function of pedestrian travel time to safety. We focus our efforts on the multiple coastal communities in Grays Harbor and Pacific Counties (State of Washington, USA), where a substantial resident and visitor population is threatened by near-field tsunamis related to a potential Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. Anisotropic, path distance modeling is conducted to estimate travel times to safety, and results are merged with various population data, including residents, employees, public venues, and dependent-care facilities. Results suggest that there is substantial variability among communities in the number of people that may have insufficient time to evacuate. Successful evacuations may be possible in some communities assuming slow walking speeds, are plausible in others if travel speeds are increased, and are unlikely in another set of communities given the large distances and short time horizon. Emergency managers can use these results to prioritize the location and determine the most appropriate type of tsunami risk-reduction strategies, such as education and training in areas where evacuations are plausible and vertical-evacuation structures in areas where they are not. C1 [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Schmidtlein, Mathew C.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geog, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Wood, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM nwood@usgs.gov; schmidtlein@csus.edu OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program. We thank Susan Benjamin, Ronald Kirby, and Mara Tongue of the USGS, John Schelling of the State of Washington Military Department Emergency Management Division, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of earlier versions of the article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD FEB PY 2013 VL 65 IS 3 BP 1603 EP 1628 DI 10.1007/s11069-012-0434-8 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 063OD UT WOS:000313008500022 ER PT J AU Snyder, GI AF Snyder, Gregory I. TI THE BENEFITS OF IMPROVED NATIONAL ELEVATION DATA SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Snyder, GI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM gsnyder@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 79 IS 2 SI SI BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 295BS UT WOS:000330092200001 ER PT J AU Peterson, B Nelson, K Wylie, B AF Peterson, Birgit Nelson, Kurtis Wylie, Bruce TI Towards Integration of GLAS into a National Fuel Mapping Program SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CROWN BASE HEIGHT; REGRESSION TREES; WILDLAND FIRE; LIDAR DATA; FOREST; VEGETATION; VALIDATION; LANDFIRE; USA; CLASSIFICATION AB Comprehensive canopy structure and fuel data are critical for understanding and modeling wildland fire. The LANDFIRE project produces such data nationwide based on a collection of field observations, Landsat imagery, and other geospatial data. Where field data are not available, alternate strategies are being investigated. In this study, vegetation structure data available from GLAS were used to fill this data gap for the Yukon Flats Ecoregion of interior Alaska. The GLAS-derived structure and fuel layers and the original LANDFIRE layers were subsequently used as inputs into a fire behavior model to determine what effect the revised inputs would have on the model outputs. The outputs showed that inclusion of the GLAS data enabled better landscape-level characterization of Vegetation structure and therefore enabled a broader wildland fire modeling capability. The results of this work underscore how GLAS data can be incorporated into LANDFIRE canopy structure and fuel mapping. C1 [Peterson, Birgit] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Nelson, Kurtis; Wylie, Bruce] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Peterson, B (reprint author), ASRC Res & Technol Solut, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM bpeterson@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; FU LANDFIRE; USGS Climate Effects Network; USGS Climate & Landuse Change Research and Development Program; USGS [G08PC91508] FX This work was supported by LANDFIRE, the USGS Climate Effects Network, and the USGS Climate & Landuse Change Research and Development Program. The authors wish to thank Dana Nossov, Mark Winterstein, Neal Pastick, Jason Stoker, Lei Ji, and Karl Heidemann for assistance with data collection and processing. Dr. Peterson's work was performed under USGS contract number G08PC91508. The use of any trade, product, or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 79 IS 2 SI SI BP 175 EP 183 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 295BS UT WOS:000330092200008 ER PT J AU Bateman, HL Nagler, PL Glenn, EP AF Bateman, H. L. Nagler, P. L. Glenn, E. P. TI Plot- and landscape-level changes in climate and vegetation following defoliation of exotic saltcedar (Tamarix sp.) from the biocontrol agent Diorhabda carinulata along a stream in the Mojave Desert (USA) SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Microclimate; NDVI; Remote-sensing; Riparian vegetation; Virgin River; Weed biocontrol ID UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LEAF BEETLE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SPP.; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; INDEX; RIVERS; MODIS AB The biocontrol agent, northern tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata), has been used to defoliate non-native saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in USA western riparian systems since 2001. Biocontrol has the potential to impact biotic communities and climatic conditions in affected riparian areas. To determine the relationships between biocontrol establishment and effects on vegetation and climate at the plot and landscape scales, we measured temperature, relative humidity, foliage canopy, solar radiation, and used satellite imagery to assess saltcedar defoliation and evapotranspiration (ET) along the Virgin River in the Mojave Desert. Following defoliation solar radiation increased, daily humidity decreased, and maximum daily temperatures tended to increase. MODIS and Landsat satellite imagery showed defoliation was widespread, resulting in reductions in ET and vegetation indices. Because biocontrol beetles are spreading into new saltcedar habitats on arid western rivers, and the eventual equilibrium between beetles and saltcedar is unknown, it is necessary to monitor trends for ecosystem functions and higher trophic-level responses in habitats impacted by biocontrol. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bateman, H. L.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Appl Sci & Math, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Nagler, P. L.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Glenn, E. P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. RP Bateman, HL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Appl Sci & Math, Polytech Campus,6073 S Backus Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM heather.bateman@gmail.com; pnagler@usgs.gov; eglenn@cals.arizona.edu FU Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics at Arizona State University FX We thank the Bureau of Land Management in Nevada for permitting access to study sites. We thank technician Aaron Switalski for collecting field data. Funding for H.L.B. has come from the Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics at Arizona State University. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments to the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 77 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 89 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.09.011 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056WL UT WOS:000312522000004 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CM Martinuzzi, S Plantinga, AJ Radeloff, VC Lewis, DJ Thogmartin, WE Heglund, PJ Pidgeon, AM AF Hamilton, Christopher M. Martinuzzi, Sebastian Plantinga, Andrew J. Radeloff, Volker C. Lewis, David J. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Heglund, Patricia J. Pidgeon, Anna M. TI Current and Future Land Use around a Nationwide Protected Area Network SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; WILDLIFE-REFUGE SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MINIMIZING IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT POLICY; SPECIES RICHNESS; HOUSING DENSITY; FOREST-COVER; TRADE-OFF AB Land-use change around protected areas can reduce their effective size and limit their ability to conserve biodiversity because land-use change alters ecological processes and the ability of organisms to move freely among protected areas. The goal of our analysis was to inform conservation planning efforts for a nationwide network of protected lands by predicting future land use change. We evaluated the relative effect of three economic policy scenarios on land use surrounding the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wildlife Refuges. We predicted changes for three land-use classes (forest/range, crop/pasture, and urban) by 2051. Our results showed an increase in forest/range lands (by 1.9% to 4.7% depending on the scenario), a decrease in crop/pasture between 15.2% and 23.1%, and a substantial increase in urban land use between 28.5% and 57.0%. The magnitude of land-use change differed strongly among different USFWS administrative regions, with the most change in the Upper Midwestern US (approximately 30%), and the Southeastern and Northeastern US (25%), and the rest of the U.S. between 15 and 20%. Among our scenarios, changes in land use were similar, with the exception of our "restricted-urban-growth'' scenario, which resulted in noticeably different rates of change. This demonstrates that it will likely be difficult to influence land-use change patterns with national policies and that understanding regional land-use dynamics is critical for effective management and planning of protected lands throughout the U.S. C1 [Hamilton, Christopher M.; Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Radeloff, Volker C.; Pidgeon, Anna M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Plantinga, Andrew J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lewis, David J.] Univ Puget Sound, Dept Econ, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Hamilton, CM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cmhamilton2@wisc.edu RI Lewis, David/I-5700-2013; Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU USGS-USFWS Science Support Partnership program [G10AC00352] FX This work is supported by the USGS-USFWS Science Support Partnership program, grant #G10AC00352. More information about the funding organization can be found on the world wide web at http://www.usgs.gov/. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 66 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 71 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 31 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR e55737 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055737 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 085JH UT WOS:000314610600155 PM 23383275 ER PT J AU Stoliker, DL Kaviani, N Kent, DB Davis, JA AF Stoliker, Deborah L. Kaviani, Nazila Kent, Douglas B. Davis, James A. TI Evaluating ion exchange resin efficiency and oxidative capacity for the separation of uranium(IV) and uranium(VI) SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Anion exchange; Resin separation; Uranium(IV); Uranium(VI); Uranium speciation ID SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; U(VI) REDUCTION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; GROUNDWATER; U(IV); SPECIATION; STABILITY; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; PRODUCTS AB Background: Previously described methods to separate dissolved U(IV) from dissolved U(VI) under acidic anoxic conditions prior to laboratory analysis were ineffective with materials currently available commercially. Three strong anion exchange resins were examined for their efficiency in separating, recovering, and preserving both redox states during separation. Results: Under oxic conditions, recovery of U(VI) from three exchange resins (Bio-Rad AG (R) 1x8 Poly-Prep (R) prefilled columns, Bio-Rad AG (R) 1x8 powder, and Dowex (R) 1x8 powder) ranged from 72% to 100% depending on the dosed mass, eluent volume, and resin selected. Dowex (R) 1x8 resin was the only resin found to provide 100% recovery of U (VI) with fewer than 5 bed volumes of eluent. Under anoxic conditions, all three resins oxidized U(IV) in aqueous solutions with relatively low U(IV) concentrations (<3x10(-6) M). Resin-induced oxidation was observed visually using a leuco dye, safranin-o. Oxidants associated with the resin were irreversibly reduced by the addition of Ti(III). After anoxic resin pre-treatment, a series of U(IV)/U(VI) mixtures at micro-molar levels were prepared and separated using the Dowex (R) 1x8 resin with 100% recovery of both U(IV) and U(VI) with no resin-induced changes in oxidation state. Conclusions: Currently available anion exchange resins with apparently identical physical properties were found to have significantly different recoveries for hexavalent uranium at micro-molar concentrations. A novel qualitative technique was developed to visually assess oxidative capacities of anion exchange resins under acidic anoxic conditions. A protocol was developed for pre-treatment and use of currently available anion exchange resins to achieve quantitative separation of U(IV) and U(VI) in aqueous solutions with low U(IV) concentrations. This method can be applied to future work to quantitatively assess dissolved U(IV) and U(VI) concentrations in both laboratory and field samples. C1 [Stoliker, Deborah L.; Kaviani, Nazila; Kent, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Davis, James A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stoliker, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dlstoliker@usgs.gov RI Davis, James/G-2788-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Subsurface Biogeochemical Research through the Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge; U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment, Toxic Substances Hydrology, and Hydraulic Research and Development Programs FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Subsurface Biogeochemical Research through the Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment, Toxic Substances Hydrology, and Hydraulic Research and Development Programs. The authors thank Patricia Fox, Chris Fuller, and Matthias Kohler for profitable discussions and laboratory assistance. These contributions, along with reviews by Matthias Kohler and two anonymous reviewers, greatly improved this manuscript. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS, DOE, or other U.S. Government entities. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 40 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD JAN 31 PY 2013 VL 14 AR 1 DI 10.1186/1467-4866-14-1 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 090NZ UT WOS:000314987300001 PM 23363052 ER PT J AU Yuan, YP Locke, MA Bingner, RL Rebich, RA AF Yuan, Yongping Locke, Martin A. Bingner, Ronald L. Rebich, Richard A. TI Phosphorus losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Rainfall; Runoff; Sediment loss; Ortho-P loss; TP loss; Soil P; Agricultural management practices; Tillage ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; EUTROPHICATION; ACCUMULATION; ALBERTA AB Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural fields is of environmental concern because of its potential impact on water quality in streams and lakes. The Mississippi Delta has long been known for its fish productivity and recreational value, but high levels of P in fresh water can lead to algal blooms that have many detrimental effects on natural ecosystems. Algal blooms interfere with recreational and aesthetic water use. However, few studies have evaluated P losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta. To better understand the processes influencing P loss, rainfall, surface runoff, sediment, ortho-P (orthophosphate, PO4-P), and total P (TP) were measured (water years 1996-2000) for two subwatersheds (UL1 and UL2) of the Deep Hollow Lake Watershed and one subwatershed of the Beasley Lake Watershed (BL3) primarily in cotton production in the Mississippi Delta. Ortho-P concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/L with a mean of 0.17 mg/L at UL1 (17.0 ha), 0.36 mg/L at UL2 (11.2 ha) and 0.12 mg/L at BL3 (7.2 ha). The TP concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 7.9 mg/L with a mean of 0.96 mg/L at UL1, 1.1 mg/L at UL2 and 1.29 mg/L at BL3. Among the three sites, UL1 and UL2 received P application in October 1998, and BL3 received P applications in the spring of 1998 and 1999. At UL1, ortho-P concentrations were 0.36, 0.25 and 0.16 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P application, respectively; At UL2, ortho-P concentrations were 1.0, 0.66 and 0.65 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P application, respectively; and at BL3, ortho-P concentrations were 0.11, 0.22 and 0.09 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P application, respectively. P fertilizer application did influence P losses, but high P concentrations observed in surface runoff were not always a direct result of P fertilizer application or high rainfall. Application of P in the fall (UL1 and UL2) resulted in more ortho-P losses, likely because high rainfall often occurred in the winter months soon after application. The mean ortho-P concentrations were higher at UL1 and UL2 than those at BL3, although BL3 received more P application during the monitoring period, because P was applied in spring at BL3. However, tillage associated with planting and incorporating applied P in the spring (BL3) may have resulted in more TP loss in sediment, thus the mean TP concentration was the highest at BL3. Ortho-P loss was correlated with surface runoff; and TP loss was correlated with sediment loss. These results indicate that applying P fertilizer in the spring may be recommended to reduce potential ortho-P loss during the fallow winter season; in addition, conservation practices may reduce potential TP loss associated with soil loss. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yuan, Yongping] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Locke, Martin A.; Bingner, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS USA. [Rebich, Richard A.] USGS, Mississippi Water Sci Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN 30 PY 2013 VL 115 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.028 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098JW UT WOS:000315546600003 PM 23220653 ER PT J AU Chou, IM Seal, RR Wang, A AF Chou, I-Ming Seal, Robert R., II Wang, Alian TI The stability of sulfate and hydrated sulfate minerals near ambient conditions and their significance in environmental and planetary sciences SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Metal sulfate; Hydrated sulfate minerals; Humidity and temperature; Thermodynamics and kinetics; Terrestrial occurrence; Planetary occurrence ID HUMIDITY-BUFFER TECHNIQUE; PORPHYRY COPPER TAILINGS; COPIAPITE-GROUP MINERALS; HYDROUS FERRIC SULFATES; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT; TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; 0.1 MPA; IRON-MOUNTAIN; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES AB Sulfate and hydrated sulfate minerals are abundant and ubiquitous on the surface of the Earth and also on other planets and their satellites. The humidity-buffer technique has been applied to study the stability of some of these minerals at 0.1 MPa in terms of temperature-relative humidity space on the basis of hydration-dehydration reversal experiments. Updated phase relations in the binary system MgSO4-H2O are presented, as an example, to show how reliable thermodynamic data for these minerals could be obtained based on these experimental results and thermodynamic principles. This approach has been applied to sulfate and hydrated sulfate minerals of other metals, including Fe (both ferrous and ferric), Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, and Cu. Metal-sulfate salts play important roles in the cycling of metals and sulfate in terrestrial systems, and the number of phases extends well beyond the simple sulfate salts that have thus far been investigated experimentally. The oxidation of sulfide minerals, particularly pyrite, is a common process that initiates the formation of efflorescent metal-sulfate minerals. Also, the overall abundance of iron-bearing sulfate salts in nature reflects the fact that the weathering of pyrite or pyrrhotite is the ultimate source for many of these phases. Many aspects of their environmental significance are reviewed, particularly in acute effects to aquatic ecosystems related to the dissolution of sulfate salts during rain storms or snow-melt events. Hydrous Mg, Ca, and Fe sulfates were identified on Mars, with wide distribution and very large quantities at many locations, on the basis of spectroscopic observations from orbital remote sensing and surface explorations by rovers. However, many of these findings do not reveal the detailed information on the degree of hydration that is essential for rigorous interpretation of the hydrologic history of Mars. laboratory experiments on stability fields, reactions pathways, and reaction rates of hydrous sulfates likely to be found on Mars enhance our understanding of the degrees of hydration of various sulfates that should currently exist on Mars at various seasons and locations and during various atmospheric pressure and obliquity periods. Two sets of systematic experiments were described; one on hydrous Mg sulfates and the other on hydrous Fe3+ sulfates. Also, their implications to Mars sulfates mineralogy were discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chou, I-Ming; Seal, Robert R., II] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wang, Alian] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Wang, Alian] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Chou, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM imchou@usgs.gov FU Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program [NNX07AQ34G, NNX10AM89G]; NASA Mission of Opportunity Program [1295053]; McDonnell Center for Space Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis; China Scholarship Council and from Shandong University FX The research of Chou and Seal was funded by the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The studies on the fundamental properties of hydrous Mg- and Fe3t-sulfates under Mars relevant conditions were supported by NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program NNX07AQ34G, NNX10AM89G; NASA Mission of Opportunity Program 1295053; and a special fund by McDonnell Center for Space Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. The studies of two graduate students during this work were supported by China Scholarship Council and from Shandong University. John Freeman, Zongcheng Ling, Weigang Kong, Pablo Sobron, Michael Jin, and Yanli Lu made contributions in various parts of these studies. We thank Jane Hammarstrom (U.S. Geological Survey), Brendt C. Hyde (Royal Ontario Museum, Canada), and Ronald C. Peterson (Queen's University, Canada) for constructive reviews. The assistance of Natalia Ainsfield with the reference list is greatly appreciated. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 156 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1367-9120 EI 1878-5786 J9 J ASIAN EARTH SCI JI J. Asian Earth Sci. PD JAN 30 PY 2013 VL 62 SI SI BP 734 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.11.027 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 091UY UT WOS:000315076500058 ER PT J AU Chamizo, S Canton, Y Domingo, F Belnap, J AF Chamizo, S. Canton, Y. Domingo, F. Belnap, J. TI Evaporative losses from soils covered by physical and different types of biological soil crusts SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE physical soil crust; biological soil crust; development; evaporation; microlysimeters ID SE SPAIN; CRYPTOGAMIC CRUSTS; WATER-BALANCE; SANDY SOILS; DESERT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; BADLANDS; VEGETATION; LICHENS; LANDS AB Evaporation of soil moisture is one of the most important processes affecting water availability in semiarid ecosystems. Biological soil crusts, which are widely distributed ground cover in these ecosystems, play a recognized role on water processes. Where they roughen surfaces, water residence time and thus infiltration can be greatly enhanced, whereas their ability to clog soil pores or cap the soil surface when wetted can greatly decrease infiltration rate, thus affecting evaporative losses. In this work, we compared evaporation in soils covered by physical crusts, biological crusts in different developmental stages and in the soils underlying the different biological crust types. Our results show that during the time of the highest evaporation (Day 1), there was no difference among any of the crust types or the soils underlying them. On Day 2, when soil moisture was moderately low (11%), evaporation was slightly higher in well-developed biological soil crusts than in physical or poorly developed biological soil crusts. However, crust removal did not cause significant changes in evaporation compared with the respective soil crust type. These results suggest that the small differences we observed in evaporation among crust types could be caused by differences in the properties of the soil underneath the biological crusts. At low soil moisture (<6%), there was no difference in evaporation among crust types or the underlying soils. Water loss for the complete evaporative cycle (from saturation to dry soil) was similar in both crusted and scraped soils. Therefore, we conclude that for the specific crust and soil types tested, the presence or the type of biological soil crust did not greatly modify evaporation with respect to physical crusts or scraped soils. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Chamizo, S.; Domingo, F.] CSIC, Estn Expt Zonas Aridas, Almeria 04120, Spain. [Canton, Y.] Univ Almeria, Dept Edafol & Quim Agr, Almeria 04120, Spain. [Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Chamizo, S (reprint author), CSIC, Estn Expt Zonas Aridas, Almeria 04120, Spain. EM schamizo@eeza.csic.es OI Canton Castilla, Maria Yolanda/0000-0002-6848-019X; Domingo, Francisco/0000-0002-7145-7281 FU PROBASE [CGL2006-11619/HID]; BACARCOS [CGL2011-29429]; Ministerio de Espana de Ciencia e Innovacion; European Union European Regional Development Fund; COST-RAS [RNM-3614]; Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de Andalucia; Formacion de Personal Investigador fellowship from the Spanish Government [BES-2007-15218] FX This work has been supported by several research projects: PROBASE (CGL2006-11619/HID) and BACARCOS (CGL2011-29429) funded by the Ministerio de Espana de Ciencia e Innovacion, including funds of the European Union European Regional Development Fund and COST-RAS (RNM-3614) funded by the Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de Andalucia, also including funds of the European Union European Regional Development Fund. The first author is funded by a Formacion de Personal Investigador fellowship from the Spanish Government (BES-2007-15218). We thank Roberto Lazaro, Isabel Miralles and Monica Ladron de Guevara for their help in the fieldwork, Emilio Rodriguez for his assistance with the laser scanner and the use of the software SAGA and Hilda Smith for her help in the laboratory analyses. The authors are grateful to anonymous reviewers for constructive comments of this manuscript. The Cautivo site's owner, the Viciana family, is thanked for ceding their land as a 'scientific experimental site'. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 30 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 3 BP 324 EP 332 DI 10.1002/hyp.8421 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 076WE UT WOS:000313989000002 ER PT J AU Rogers, LA Schindler, DE Lisi, PJ Holtgrieve, GW Leavitt, PR Bunting, L Finney, BP Selbie, DT Chen, GJ Gregory-Eaves, I Lisac, MJ Walsh, PB AF Rogers, Lauren A. Schindler, Daniel E. Lisi, Peter J. Holtgrieve, Gordon W. Leavitt, Peter R. Bunting, Lynda Finney, Bruce P. Selbie, Daniel T. Chen, Guangjie Gregory-Eaves, Irene Lisac, Mark J. Walsh, Patrick B. TI Centennial-scale fluctuations and regional complexity characterize Pacific salmon population dynamics over the past five centuries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Oncorhynchus nerka; nitrogen stable isotopes; fisheries; paleolimnology ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DECADAL OSCILLATION; FISHERIES; ALASKA; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; NUTRIENTS; ABUNDANCE; SEDIMENT AB Observational data from the past century have highlighted the importance of interdecadal modes of variability in fish population dynamics, but how these patterns of variation fit into a broader temporal and spatial context remains largely unknown. We analyzed time series of stable nitrogen isotopes from the sediments of 20 sockeye salmon nursery lakes across western Alaska to characterize temporal and spatial patterns in salmon abundance over the past similar to 500 y. Although some stocks varied on interdecadal time scales (30- to 80-y cycles), centennial-scale variation, undetectable in modern-day catch records and survey data, has dominated salmon population dynamics over the past 500 y. Before 1900, variation in abundance was clearly not synchronous among stocks, and the only temporal signal common to lake sediment records from this region was the onset of commercial fishing in the late 1800s. Thus, historical changes in climate did not synchronize stock dynamics over centennial time scales, emphasizing that ecosystem complexity can produce a diversity of ecological responses to regional climate forcing. Our results show that marine fish populations may alternate between naturally driven periods of high and low abundance over time scales of decades to centuries and suggest that management models that assume time-invariant productivity or carrying capacity parameters may be poor representations of the biological reality in these systems. C1 [Rogers, Lauren A.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Lisi, Peter J.; Holtgrieve, Gordon W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rogers, Lauren A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Leavitt, Peter R.; Bunting, Lynda] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Limnol Lab, Regina, SK S45 0A2, Canada. [Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Selbie, Daniel T.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Cultus Lake Salmon Res Lab, Cultus Lake, BC V2R 5B6, Canada. [Selbie, Daniel T.; Chen, Guangjie; Gregory-Eaves, Irene] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Chen, Guangjie] Yunnan Normal Univ, Sch Tourism & Geog, Key Lab Plateau Lake Ecol & Global Change, Kunming 650500, Peoples R China. [Lisac, Mark J.; Walsh, Patrick B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. RP Rogers, LA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lauren.rogers@bio.uio.no RI Leavitt, Peter/A-1048-2013; Bunting, Lynda/K-2039-2013; Holtgrieve, Gordon/C-5371-2009 OI Leavitt, Peter/0000-0001-9805-9307; Holtgrieve, Gordon/0000-0002-4451-3567 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank Matt Baker, Chris Boatright, Harry Rich, Peter Westley, and Sue Johnson for help with coring and Bjorn Wissel for analyzing many of the sediment isotope samples. Funding was provided by The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 90 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 29 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1750 EP 1755 DI 10.1073/pnas.1212858110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 084RZ UT WOS:000314558100040 PM 23322737 ER PT J AU Rhoades, CC McCutchan, JH Cooper, LA Clow, D Detmer, TM Briggs, JS Stednick, JD Veblen, TT Ertz, RM Likens, GE Lewis, WM AF Rhoades, Charles C. McCutchan, James H., Jr. Cooper, Leigh A. Clow, David Detmer, Thomas M. Briggs, Jennifer S. Stednick, John D. Veblen, Thomas T. Ertz, Rachel M. Likens, Gene E. Lewis, William M., Jr. TI Biogeochemistry of beetle-killed forests: Explaining a weak nitrate response SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE nitrogen biogeochemistry; streamwater chemistry; nitrate loss; watershed disturbance ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; 2 BOREAL STREAMS; LODGEPOLE PINE; STAND DEVELOPMENT; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; NUTRIENT BUDGETS; WATER CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; COLORADO AB A current pine beetle infestation has caused extensive mortality of. lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) in forests of Colorado and Wyoming; it is part of an unprecedented multispecies beetle outbreak extending from Mexico to Canada. In United States and European watersheds, where atmospheric deposition of inorganic N is moderate to low (<10 kg.ha.y), disturbance of forests by timber harvest or violent storms causes an increase in stream nitrate concentration that typically is close to 400% of predisturbance concentrations. In contrast, no significant increase in streamwater nitrate concentrations has occurred following extensive tree mortality caused by the mountain pine beetle in Colorado. A model of nitrate release from Colorado watersheds calibrated with field data indicates that stimulation of nitrate uptake by vegetation components unaffected by beetles accounts for significant nitrate retention in beetle-infested watersheds. The combination of low atmospheric N deposition (<10 kg.ha.y), tree mortality spread over multiple years, and high compensatory capacity associated with undisturbed residual vegetation and soils explains the ability of these beetle-infested watersheds to retain nitrate despite catastrophic mortality of the dominant canopy tree species. C1 [Rhoades, Charles C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cooper, Leigh A.; Detmer, Thomas M.; Ertz, Rachel M.; Lewis, William M., Jr.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veblen, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McCutchan, James H., Jr.; Cooper, Leigh A.; Detmer, Thomas M.; Lewis, William M., Jr.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Ctr Limnol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Briggs, Jennifer S.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Clow, David] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stednick, John D.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Likens, Gene E.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Likens, Gene E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Likens, Gene E.] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Limnol, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Lewis, WM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Ctr Limnol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lewis@spot.colorado.edu OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU US Geological Survey; US Forest Service for long-term stream chemistry analysis at the Fraser Experimental Forest; National Science Foundation [DEB 0743498]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Western Water Assessment Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments program at the University of Colorado; National Science Foundation Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory [NSF 0724960, NSF 0742544]; US National Park Service; National Science Foundation; A.W. Mellon Foundation FX The authors thank Dr. Craig Allen, Dr. Kate Laijtha, Dr. Amy Burgin, Dr. Robert Naiman, and Dr. Steven Garman for useful reviews of the manuscript. This research was supported by the US Geological Survey and US Forest Service for long-term stream chemistry analysis at the Fraser Experimental Forest (C.C.R.); National Science Foundation Grant DEB 0743498 (to T.T.V.); the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Western Water Assessment Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments program at the University of Colorado (J.H.M.); National Science Foundation Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory NSF 0724960 and NSF 0742544 Project Extremes (to L.A.C.); and the US National Park Service, Cheri Yost and Paul McLaughlin program (J.H.M. and T.M.D.). Financial support for data on Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is from the National Science Foundation, including the Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology and Long-Term Ecological Research programs, and The A.W. Mellon Foundation (to G.E.L.). NR 34 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 85 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 29 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1756 EP 1760 DI 10.1073/pnas.1221029110 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 084RZ UT WOS:000314558100041 PM 23319612 ER PT J AU Ransom, JI Hobbs, NT Bruemmer, J AF Ransom, Jason I. Hobbs, N. Thompson Bruemmer, Jason TI Contraception can Lead to Trophic Asynchrony between Birth Pulse and Resources SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PORCINE ZONAE-PELLUCIDAE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHENOLOGY; IMMUNIZATION; MISMATCH; MARES; IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION; MECHANISMS; FERTILITY; ADJUVANTS AB Abiotic inputs such as photoperiod and temperature can regulate reproductive cyclicity in many species. When humans perturb this process by intervening in reproductive cycles, the ecological consequences may be profound. Trophic mismatches between birth pulse and resources in wildlife species may cascade toward decreased survival and threaten the viability of small populations. We followed feral horses (Equus caballus) in three populations for a longitudinal study of the transient immunocontraceptive porcine zona pellucida (PZP), and found that repeated vaccinations extended the duration of infertility far beyond the targeted period. After the targeted years of infertility, the probability of parturition from post-treated females was 25.6% compared to 64.1% for untreated females, when the data were constrained only to females that had demonstrated fertility prior to the study. Estimated time to parturition increased 411.3 days per year of consecutive historical treatment. Births from untreated females in these temperate latitude populations were observed to peak in the middle of May, indicating peak conception occurred around the previous summer solstice. When the post-treated females did conceive and give birth, parturition was an estimated 31.5 days later than births from untreated females, resulting in asynchrony with peak forage availability. The latest neonate born to a post-treated female arrived 7.5 months after the peak in births from untreated females, indicating conception occurred within 24-31 days of the winter solstice. These results demonstrate surprising physiological plasticity for temperate latitude horses, and indicate that while photoperiod and temperature are powerful inputs driving the biological rhythms of conception and birth in horses, these inputs may not limit their ability to conceive under perturbed conditions. The protracted infertility observed in PZP-treated horses may be of benefit for managing overabundant wildlife, but also suggests caution for use in small refugia or rare species. C1 [Ransom, Jason I.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bruemmer, Jason] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ransom, JI (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Biol Resource Management Div, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM Jason_I_Ransom@nps.gov RI Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) Wildlife Program FX The late F.J. Singer acquired funding and initiated the precursor to this project with the assistance of L. Coates-Markle and A.J. Kane. This research was funded by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Wildlife Program and conducted through a cooperative effort between the USGS Fort Collins Science Center, Bureau of Land Management, United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and Colorado State University. No agency administration or funding program had a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 28 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR e54972 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0054972 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 093SF UT WOS:000315211500043 PM 23383018 ER PT J AU Wanty, RB Podda, F De Giudici, G Cidu, R Lattanzi, P AF Wanty, R. B. Podda, F. De Giudici, G. Cidu, R. Lattanzi, P. TI Zinc isotope and transition-element dynamics accompanying hydrozincite biomineralization in the Rio Naracauli, Sardinia, Italy SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrozincite; Biomineralization; Zinc isotopes; Heavy metals; Mine drainage; Cyanobacteria ID SOURCE-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACID ROCK DRAINAGE; ZN ISOTOPES; FRACTIONATION; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; GEOCHEMISTRY; WATERS; COPPER; MINE AB The Rio Naracauli in SW Sardinia drains part of the Ingurtosu Zn-Pb mining district, and contains extreme concentrations of dissolved Zn at near-neutral pH. In the upper reaches of the stream, pH, alkalinity and Zn concentrations are such that hydrozincite [Zn-5(CO3)(2)(OH)(6)] precipitates in a biologically mediated process facilitated by a microalga (Chlorella sp.) and a cyanobacterium (Scytonema sp.). Values of delta Zn-66 in water and solid samples ranged from -035 parts per thousand to +0.5 parts per thousand relative to the JMC 3-0749-Lyon standard, and closely follow a mass-dependent fractionation line. Two composite samples of sphalerite, the primary ore mineral in the Ingurtosu deposits, had an average delta Zn-66 of +0.15 parts per thousand, similar to sphalerite measured elsewhere in hydrothermal mineral deposits. Zinc isotope measurements of the stream water and the hydrozincite forming in the stream show a consistent preference for the heavy isotope, Zn-66, in the hydrozincite relative to Zn-64. Synthetic hydrozindtes produced without added bacteria have delta Zn-66 identical to the dissolved Zn, thus suggesting a biologically mediated mineralization process in Rio Naracauli. The average fractionation, Delta(hdz-water), is 0.35 parts per thousand, the magnitude of which is consistent with other studies, and suggests an extracellular mechanism of the biomineralization process. Zinc concentration and dissolved delta Zn-66 steadily decrease in the reach of the stream where the biomineralization occurs. The biomineralization process also leads to the sequestration of Pb, Cu and Ni in the hydrozincite lattice, and the coeval precipitation of an amorphous CdCO3 solid, prompting the suggestion that if optimized, the biomineralization process might represent a feasible passive remediation strategy for streams with high Zn and other metals, and with near-neutral pH. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wanty, R. B.] US Geol Survey, MS Denver Fed Ctr 946D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Podda, F.; De Giudici, G.; Cidu, R.; Lattanzi, P.] Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Sci Chim & Geol, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. RP Wanty, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS Denver Fed Ctr 946D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rwanty@usgs.gov RI Lattanzi, Pierfranco/A-5817-2012 OI Lattanzi, Pierfranco/0000-0003-4352-2709 FU Regione Sardegna (RAS) through Universita degli Studi di Cagliari; USGS Mineral Resources Program, UMBRELLA UE [226870]; RAS [LR7/2007] FX This study was funded by the Regione Sardegna (RAS) through the Visiting Professor Program of the Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, which provided RBW with travel and living expenses during the autumn of 2009. Funding also was obtained from the USGS Mineral Resources Program, UMBRELLA UE grant 226870, and a RAS LR7/2007 grant to PL Roland Thurston assisted with some of the Zn isotope analyses. The authors are grateful for excellent reviews provided by two anonymous reviewers and editor Jeremy Fein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 28 PY 2013 VL 337 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.11.010 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 087CJ UT WOS:000314738600001 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Repert, DA Barber, LB LeBlanc, DR AF Smith, Richard L. Repert, Deborah A. Barber, Larry B. LeBlanc, Denis R. TI Long-term groundwater contamination after source removal-The role of sorbed carbon and nitrogen on the rate of reoxygenation of a treated-wastewater plume on Cape Cod, MA, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Natural attenuation; Groundwater; Oxygen consumption; Sorbed carbon and nitrogen; Organic carbon oxidation ID GRADIENT TRACER TESTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SAND; DENITRIFICATION; CHLOROBENZENES; SORPTION; SCALE AB The consequences of groundwater contamination can remain long after a contaminant source has been removed. Documentation of natural aquifer recoveries and empirical tools to predict recovery time frames and associated geochemical changes are generally lacking. This study characterized the long-term natural attenuation of a groundwater contaminant plume in a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, after the removal of the treated-wastewater source. Although concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and other soluble constituents have decreased substantially in the 15 years since the source was removed, the core of the plume remains anoxic and has sharp redox gradients and elevated concentrations of nitrate and ammonium. Aquifer sediment was collected from near the former disposal site at several points in time and space along a 0.5-km-long transect extending downgradient from the disposal site and analyses of the sediment was correlated with changes in plume composition. Total sediment carbon content was generally low (<8 to 55.8 mu mol (g dry wt)(-1)) but was positively correlated with oxygen consumption rates in laboratory in-cubations, which ranged from 11.6 to 44.7 nmol (g dry wt)(-1) day(-1). Total water extractable organic carbon was <10-50% of the total carbon content but was the most biodegradable portion of the carbon pool. Carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios in the extracts increased more than 10-fold with time, suggesting that organic carbon degradation and oxygen consumption could become N-limited as the sorbed C and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) pools produced by the degradation separate with time by differential transport. A 1-D model using total degradable organic carbon values was constructed to simulate oxygen consumption and transport and calibrated by using observed temporal changes in oxygen concentrations at selected wells. The simulated travel velocity of the oxygen gradient was 5-13% of the groundwater velocity. This suggests that the total sorbed carbon pool is large relative to the rate of oxygen entrainment and will be impacting groundwater geochemistry for many decades. This has implications for long-term oxidation of reduced constituents, such as ammonium, that are being transported downgradient away from the infiltration beds toward surface and coastal discharge zones. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smith, Richard L.; Repert, Deborah A.; Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [LeBlanc, Denis R.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rlsmith@usgs.gov FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program FX We thank Douglas Kent, Kenna Butler, and Steffanie Keefe of the USGS for providing boron and DOC analyses and Seanne Buckwalter, Charles Hart, and Terri Denison of the USGS for assistance with sediment extractions. We thank our many USGS colleagues who have participated in field sampling and analysis for the past 15 years, including Gillian Fairchild, Jennifer Savoie, and Kimberly Campo, and Timothy McCobb for assistance with collection of the cores used for this study. We also thank Jeffrey Barbaro of the USGS for his review of the manuscript. This long-term study was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the National Research Program. Use of trade or product names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 28 PY 2013 VL 337 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.11.007 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 087CJ UT WOS:000314738600005 ER PT J AU Hammerli, J Rusk, B Spandler, C Emsbo, P Oliver, NHS AF Hammerli, Johannes Rusk, Brian Spandler, Carl Emsbo, Poul Oliver, Nicholas H. S. TI In situ quantification of Br and Cl in minerals and fluid inclusions by LA-ICP-MS: A powerful tool to identify fluid sources SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LA-ICP-MS; Bromine; Chlorine; Fluid inclusions; Scapolite; MVT ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LASER MICROPROBE ANALYSIS; NOBLE-GAS; MAGMATIC BRINE; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; PIXE MICROANALYSIS; CHLORINE ISOTOPES; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; MELT INCLUSIONS; KANMANTOO GROUP AB Bromine and chlorine are important halogens for fluid source identification in the Earth's crust, but until recently we lacked routine analytical techniques to determine the concentration of these elements in situ on a micrometer scale in minerals and fluid inclusions. In this study, we evaluate the potential of in situ Cl and Br measurements by LA-ICP-MS through analysis of a range of scapolite grains with known Cl and Br concentrations. We assess the effects of varying spot sizes, variable plasma energy and resolve the contribution of polyatomic interferences on Br measurements. Using well-characterised natural scapolite standards, we show that LA-ICP-MS analysis allows measurement of Br and Cl concentrations in scapolite, and fluid inclusions as small as 16 pm in diameter and potentially in sodalite and a variety of other minerals, such as apatite, biotite, and amphibole. As a demonstration of the accuracy and potential of Cl and Br analyses by LA-ICP-MS, we analysed natural fluid inclusions hosted in sphalerite and compared them to crush and leach ion chromatography Cl/Br analyses. Limit of detection for Br is similar to 8 mu g g(-1), whereas relatively high Cl concentrations (>500 mu g g(-1)) are required for quantification by LA-ICP-MS. In general, our LA-ICP-MS fluid inclusion results agree well with ion chromatography (IC) data. Additionally, combined cathodoluminescence and LA-ICP-MS analyses on natural scapolites within a well-studied regional metamorphic suite in South Australia demonstrate that Cl and Br can be quantified with a similar to 25 mu m resolution in natural minerals. This technique can be applied to resolve a range of hydrothermal geology problems, including determining the origins of ore forming brines and ore deposition processes, mapping metamorphic and hydrothermal fluid provinces and pathways, and constraining the effects of fluid-rock reactions and fluid mixing. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hammerli, Johannes; Rusk, Brian; Spandler, Carl; Oliver, Nicholas H. S.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hammerli, J (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM johannes.hammerli@my.jcu.edu.au FU Australian Research Council [DP 1095280] FX We thank Mark Kendrick, Thomas Pettke, Timo Nijland and Bart Cannon for providing samples for analysis. We thank Yi Hu, Shane Askew and Kevin Blake of the Advanced Analytical Centre at James Cook University for assistance with EPMA, SEM-CL and LA-ICP-MS analyses. We also appreciate the constructive comments of the two reviewers. This work was funded by the Australian Research Council (DP 1095280). NR 70 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 9 U2 95 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 28 PY 2013 VL 337 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.12.002 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 087CJ UT WOS:000314738600009 ER PT J AU Aycrigg, JL Davidson, A Svancara, LK Gergely, KJ McKerrow, A Scott, JM AF Aycrigg, Jocelyn L. Davidson, Anne Svancara, Leona K. Gergely, Kevin J. McKerrow, Alexa Scott, J. Michael TI Representation of Ecological Systems within the Protected Areas Network of the Continental United States SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GAP ANALYSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; VEGETATION; SCALE; WORLD; FRAMEWORK; COVERAGE AB If conservation of biodiversity is the goal, then the protected areas network of the continental US may be one of our best conservation tools for safeguarding ecological systems (i.e., vegetation communities). We evaluated representation of ecological systems in the current protected areas network and found insufficient representation at three vegetation community levels within lower elevations and moderate to high productivity soils. We used national-level data for ecological systems and a protected areas database to explore alternative ways we might be able to increase representation of ecological systems within the continental US. By following one or more of these alternatives it may be possible to increase the representation of ecological systems in the protected areas network both quantitatively (from 10% up to 39%) and geographically and come closer to meeting the suggested Convention on Biological Diversity target of 17% for terrestrial areas. We used the Landscape Conservation Cooperative framework for regional analysis and found that increased conservation on some private and public lands may be important to the conservation of ecological systems in Western US, while increased public-private partnerships may be important in the conservation of ecological systems in Eastern US. We have not assessed the pros and cons of following the national or regional alternatives, but rather present them as possibilities that may be considered and evaluated as decisions are made to increase the representation of ecological systems in the protected areas network across their range of ecological, geographical, and geophysical occurrence in the continental US into the future. C1 [Aycrigg, Jocelyn L.; Davidson, Anne] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Natl Gap Anal Program, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Svancara, Leona K.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Moscow, ID USA. [Gergely, Kevin J.] US Geol Survey, Gap Anal Program, Boise, ID USA. [McKerrow, Alexa] US Geol Survey, Gap Anal Program, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Aycrigg, JL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Natl Gap Anal Program, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM aycrigg@uidaho.edu OI Aycrigg, Jocelyn/0000-0002-6511-7985 FU United States Geological Society [G08A00047]; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; United States Geological Survey GAP FX The National Gap Analysis Program at the University of Idaho is supported by the United States Geological Society Gap Analysis Program under grant #G08A00047. The url: gapanalysis.usgs.gov. The agreement mentioned above supported JA and AD to do the study design, data collection and analysis as well as the decision to publish and preparation of the manuscript. LS was supported by Idaho Department of Fish and Game to help with the study design, data analysis, and preparation of the manuscript. AM and KG were funded by United States Geological Survey GAP to help with study design, data collection and analysis. KG is the program officer for this agreement and he has been involved with the study design, data collection, and data analysis for this manuscript. JMS is retired and he helped with the study design, decision to publish and preparation of the manuscript. The funders had a role in the study design, data collection, and data analysis, but not in the decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. NR 78 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 48 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 23 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR e54689 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0054689 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 077IQ UT WOS:000314021500107 PM 23372754 ER PT J AU Zhao, JM Jin, ZJ Mooney, WD Okaya, N Wang, SX Gao, X Tang, LJ Pei, SP Liu, HB Xu, Q AF Zhao, Junmeng Jin, Zhijun Mooney, Walter D. Okaya, Nihal Wang, Shangxu Gao, Xing Tang, Liangjie Pei, Shunping Liu, Hongbing Xu, Qiang TI Crustal structure of the central Qaidam basin imaged by seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction profiling SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Qaidam basin; Tibet plateau; P- and S-wave velocity structure; Poisson's ratio; V-p/V-s ratio; Crustal composition ID ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; TIBETAN PLATEAU; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; POISSONS RATIO; NORTHEASTERN TIBET; NORTHWEST CHINA; HEAT-FLOW; TECTONICS; MANTLE AB We present the results of a seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction profile across the central Qaidam basin, the largest basin within the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The 350-km-long profile extends from the northern margin of the East-Kunlun Shan to the southern margin of the Qilian Shan. The P- and S-wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratio data provide constraints on composition. The crust here consists of a near-surface sedimentary layer and a four-layered crystalline crust having several significant features. (1) The sedimentary fill of the Qaidam basin reaches a maximum thickness of 8 km, and the basin shape mirrors the uplifted Moho. (2) Within the four layers of the crystalline crust, P- (S-) wave velocities increase with depth and fall within the following velocity ranges: 5.9-6.3 km/s (3.45-3.65 km/s), 6.45-6.55 km/s (3.7 km/s), 6.65 km/s (3.8 km/s), and 6.7-6.9 km/s (3.8-3.9 km/s), respectively; (3) low-velocity zones with a 3-5% reduction in seismic velocity are detected in the lower half of the crust beneath the Qaidam basin and its transition to the Qilian Shan. (4) The crystalline crust is thickest beneath the northern margin of the basin towards the Qilian Shan (58-62 km) and thinnest beneath the center of the basin (52 km). Variations in crustal thickness are caused most pronouncedly by thickness variations in the lowermost layer of the crust. (5) Poisson's ratio and P-wave velocity values suggest that the Qaidam crust has an essentially felsic composition with an intermediate layer at its base. Based on the crustal structure reported here, we suggest that late Cenozoic convergence is accommodated by thick-skinned tectonic deformation with thickening involving the entire crust across the Kunlun-Qaidam-Qilian system. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Junmeng; Gao, Xing; Pei, Shunping; Liu, Hongbing; Xu, Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Continental Collis & Plateau Uplift, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Junmeng] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Jin, Zhijun; Wang, Shangxu; Tang, Liangjie] Petr Univ Beijing, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China. [Mooney, Walter D.; Okaya, Nihal] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 90425 USA. RP Zhao, JM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Continental Collis & Plateau Uplift, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM zhaojm@itpcas.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40930317, 41104055]; NSFC Innovation Research Group Fund [41021001]; Talent Project of the CAS [SinoProbe-02-03] FX This research is supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 40930317 and 41104055), the NSFC Innovation Research Group Fund (Grant No.41021001), Talent Project of the CAS and Project SinoProbe-02-03. Discussions (especially of the first author) with Zongjin Ma, Jiwen Teng, Jishun Ren, Yadong Zheng, Peizhen Zhang, Qiyuan Liu and Jie Xu were helpful. We are grateful to researchers in the Center for Geophysical Exploration, CEA for their hard work in acquiring the wide angle reflection/refraction data. Comments by Nichole Knepprath, Susan White, Jesse Kass and Gary Chulick greatly improved the text. NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JAN 22 PY 2013 VL 584 SI SI BP 174 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.09.005 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 099IC UT WOS:000315613700017 ER PT J AU Wang, YX Mooney, WD Yuan, XC Okaya, N AF Wang, Youxue Mooney, Walter D. Yuan, Xuecheng Okaya, Nihal TI Crustal Structure of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau from the Southern Tarim Basin to the Sichuan Basin, China SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Qaidam basin; Tibet Plateau; P- and S-wave velocity structure; Poisson's ratio; Vp/Vs ratio; Crustal composition ID TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; V-P/V-S; POSITIONING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS; VELOCITY STRUCTURE BENEATH; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; SEISMIC VELOCITY; POISSONS RATIO; EASTERN TIBET; WIDE-ANGLE AB We present a new crustal cross section of the northeastern Tibetan plateau based on active-source seismic data recorded along a 1600-km-long profile crossing the southern Tarim basin, the western flank of the South-Qilian Shan, the northeastern margin of Qaidam basin, East-Kunlun Shan, Songpan-Ganzi terrane, and Sichuan basin. The crustal P- and S-wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratio outline the seismic characteristics of the crust and provide constraints on the crustal composition. The derived crustal cross section shows several significant features. (1) The crustal thickness varies considerably along this profile, from 48 km to 70 km. (2) North of the Kunlun fault variations in total crustal thickness are mainly caused by variations in lower crustal thickness, whereas south of the Kunlun fault they are caused by thickness variations throughout the crust. (3) North of the Kunlun fault we detect a mid-crustal low-velocity zone that is not apparent south of the fault. (4) The Kunlun fault seems to act as a compositional boundary for the lower crust, with a Poisson's ratio of 0.29 north of the fault (Kunlun-Qaidam terrane) and 0.26 south of the fault (Songpan-Ganzi terrane). Measured Poisson's ratio and P-wave velocity values suggest that the lower crust throughout the Tibetan plateau (South-Qilian Shan, margins of the Qaidam Basin, East-Kunlun Shan, Songpan-Ganzi terrane) is of intermediate composition. Thus the NE Tibetan plateau along our profile is missing a mafic lower crustal layer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, Youxue] China Univ Geosci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang, Youxue; Mooney, Walter D.; Okaya, Nihal] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Yuan, Xuecheng] China Geol Survey, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mooney@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The first and third authors would like to express their appreciation for the support from the U.S. Geological Survey through its scientific exchange program. We thank those who provided advice on the data processing and interpretation during this research, including S. Detweiler, G. Fuis, and J.H. Luetgert from the U.S. Geological Survey. Discussions with A. Him, A Galve, S.L. Li, C.Y. Wang, L Royden, and R.S. Zeng helped clarify our ideas. NR 130 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JAN 22 PY 2013 VL 584 SI SI BP 191 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.09.003 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 099IC UT WOS:000315613700018 ER PT J AU Cole, CJ Townsend, CR Reynolds, RP MacCulloch, RD Lathrop, A AF Cole, Charles J. Townsend, Carol R. Reynolds, Robert P. MacCulloch, Ross D. Lathrop, Amy TI Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE amphibians; biogeography; Guyana; herpetology; keys; reptiles; South America ID KAIETEUR-NATIONAL-PARK; ZOOLOGISCHE STAATSSAMMLUNG MUNCHEN; LEPOSOMA-PERCARINATUM SQUAMATA; LEPTODACTYLUS-FUSCUS SCHNEIDER; NUCLEAR GENE PHYLOGENY; PROTEIN-CODING GENES; GUIANA SHIELD; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMIC STATUS; GYMNOPHTHALMUS-UNDERWOODI AB Guyana has a very distinctive herpetofauna. In this first ever detailed modern accounting, based on voucher specimens, we document the presence of 324 species of amphibians and reptiles in the country; 148 amphibians, 176 reptiles. Of these, we present species accounts for 317 species and color photographs of about 62% (Plates 1-40). At the rate that new species are being described and distributional records are being found for the first time, we suspect that at least 350 species will be documented in a few decades. The diverse herpetofauna includes 137 species of frogs and toads, 11 caecilians, 4 crocodylians, 4 amphisbaenians, 56 lizards, 97 snakes, and 15 turtles. Endemic species, which occur nowhere else in the world, comprise 15% of the herpetofauna. Most of the endemics are amphibians, comprising 27% of the amphibian fauna. Type localities (where the type specimens or scientific name-bearers of species were found) are located within Guyana for 24% of the herpetofauna, or 36% of the amphibians. This diverse fauna results from the geographic position of Guyana on the Guiana Shield and the isolated highlands or tepuis of the eastern part of the Pantepui Region, which are surrounded by lowland rainforest and savannas. Consequently, there is a mixture of local endemic species and widespread species characteristic of Amazonia and the Guianan Region. Although the size of this volume may mislead some people into thinking that a lot is known about the fauna of Guyana, the work has just begun. Many of the species are known from fewer than five individuals in scientific collections; for many the life history, distribution, ecology, and behavior remain poorly known; few resources in the country are devoted to developing such knowledge; and as far as we are aware, no other group of animals in the fauna of Guyana has been summarized in a volume such as this to document the biological resources. We briefly discuss aspects of biogeography, as reflected in samples collected at seven lowland sites (in rainforest, savanna, and mixed habitats below 500 m elevation) and three isolated highland sites (in montane forest and evergreen high-tepui forest above 1400 m elevation). Comparisons of these sites are preliminary because sampling of the local faunas remains incomplete. Nevertheless, it is certain that areas of about 2.5 km(2) of lowland rainforest can support more than 130 species of amphibians and reptiles (perhaps actually more than 150), while many fewer species (fewer than 30 documented so far) occur in a comparable area of isolated highlands, where low temperatures, frequent cloudiness, and poor soils are relatively unfavorable for amphibians and reptiles. Furthermore, insufficient study has been done in upland sites of intermediate elevations, where lowland and highland faunas overlap significantly, although considerable work is being accomplished in Kaieteur National Park by other investigators. Comparisons of the faunas of the lowland and isolated highland sites showed that very few species occur in common in both the lowlands and isolated highlands; that those few are widespread lowland species that tolerate highland environments; that many endemic species (mostly amphibians) occur in the isolated highlands of the Pakaraima Mountains; and that each of the isolated highlands, lowland savannas, and lowland rainforests at these 10 sites have distinctive faunal elements. No two sites were identical in species composition. Much more work is needed to compare a variety of sites, and especially to incorporate upland sites of intermediate elevations in such comparisons. Five species of sea turtles utilize the limited areas of Atlantic coastal beaches to the northwest of Georgetown. All of these are listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as being of global concern for long-term survival, mostly owing to human predation. The categories of Critically Endangered or Endangered are applied to four of the local sea turtles (80%). It is important to protect the few good nesting beaches for the sea turtles of Guyana. We have documented each of the species now known to comprise the herpetofauna of Guyana by citing specimens that exist in scientific collections, many of which were collected and identified by us and colleagues, including students of the University of Guyana (UG). We also re-identified many old museum specimens collected by others in the past (e.g., collections of William Beebe) and we used documented publications and collection records of colleagues, most of whom have been working more recently. We present dichotomous keys for identifying representatives of the species known to occur in Guyana, and we present brief annotated species accounts. The accounts provide the current scientific name, original name (with citation of the original description, which we personally examined in the literature), some outdated names used in the recent past, type specimens, type localities, general geographic distribution, examples of voucher specimens from Guyana, coloration in life (and often a color photograph), and comments pointing out interesting subjects for future research. C1 [Cole, Charles J.; Townsend, Carol R.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrates Herpetol, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Reynolds, Robert P.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Survey Unit, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [MacCulloch, Ross D.; Lathrop, Amy] Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. RP Cole, CJ (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrates Herpetol, 200 Cent Pk W, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM cole@amnh.org; townsend@amnh.org; reynolds@si.edu; rossm@rom.on.ca; amyl@rom.on.ca FU Biological Society of Washington; Biodiversity of the Guiana Shield Program; U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX This report is number 179 in the Smithsonian's BDG publication series and contribution number 346 of the ROM Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology. We are especially grateful to the Biological Society of Washington, the Biodiversity of the Guiana Shield Program, and the U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center for important financial contributions toward producing this volume. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 531 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 47 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN 22 PY 2013 VL 125 IS 4 BP 317 EP 620 PG 304 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 083DH UT WOS:000314442400001 ER PT J AU Butchart, SHM Mccarthy, DP Balmford, A Bennun, LA Buchanan, GM Burgess, ND Donald, PF Fishpool, LDC Garnett, ST Leonard, DL Maloney, RF Schaefer, HM Scharlemann, JPW Symes, A Wiedenfeld, DA AF Butchart, Stuart H. M. Mccarthy, Donal P. Balmford, Andrew Bennun, Leon A. Buchanan, Graeme M. Burgess, Neil D. Donald, Paul F. Fishpool, Lincoln D. C. Garnett, Stephen T. Leonard, David L. Maloney, Richard F. Schaefer, H. Martin Scharlemann, Joern P. W. Symes, Andy Wiedenfeld, David A. TI Sharing Future Conservation Costs Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Bennun, Leon A.; Fishpool, Lincoln D. C.; Symes, Andy] BirdLife Int, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. [Mccarthy, Donal P.; Buchanan, Graeme M.; Donald, Paul F.] RSPB, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Balmford, Andrew] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Burgess, Neil D.] World Conservat Monitoring Ctr, United Nations Environm Programme, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Burgess, Neil D.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Burgess, Neil D.] World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Garnett, Stephen T.] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Leonard, David L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Maloney, Richard F.] Dept Conservat, Sci & Tech Grp, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Schaefer, H. Martin] Univ Freiburg, Fac Biol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Scharlemann, Joern P. W.] Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. RP Butchart, SHM (reprint author), BirdLife Int, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. EM stuart.butchart@birdlife.org RI Garnett, Stephen/M-3877-2013; Scharlemann, Jorn/A-4737-2008; publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017 OI Garnett, Stephen/0000-0002-0724-7060; Scharlemann, Jorn/0000-0002-2834-6367; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 18 PY 2013 VL 339 IS 6117 BP 271 EP + PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 071UW UT WOS:000313622000020 PM 23329031 ER PT J AU Pereira, HM Ferrier, S Walters, M Geller, GN Jongman, RHG Scholes, RJ Bruford, MW Brummitt, N Butchart, SHM Cardoso, AC Coops, NC Dulloo, E Faith, DP Freyhof, J Gregory, RD Heip, C Hoft, R Hurtt, G Jetz, W Karp, DS McGeoch, MA Obura, D Onoda, Y Pettorelli, N Reyers, B Sayre, R Scharlemann, JPW Stuart, SN Turak, E Walpole, M Wegmann, M AF Pereira, H. M. Ferrier, S. Walters, M. Geller, G. N. Jongman, R. H. G. Scholes, R. J. Bruford, M. W. Brummitt, N. Butchart, S. H. M. Cardoso, A. C. Coops, N. C. Dulloo, E. Faith, D. P. Freyhof, J. Gregory, R. D. Heip, C. Hoeft, R. Hurtt, G. Jetz, W. Karp, D. S. McGeoch, M. A. Obura, D. Onoda, Y. Pettorelli, N. Reyers, B. Sayre, R. Scharlemann, J. P. W. Stuart, S. N. Turak, E. Walpole, M. Wegmann, M. TI Essential Biodiversity Variables SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; INDICATORS; SYSTEM; MAP C1 [Pereira, H. M.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal. [Geller, G. N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jongman, R. H. G.] Alterra, Wageningen Ur, Netherlands. [Bruford, M. W.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Coops, N. C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resource Management, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Faith, D. P.] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. [Hurtt, G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jetz, W.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Karp, D. S.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Conservat Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [McGeoch, M. A.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Onoda, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Pettorelli, N.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London, England. [Sayre, R.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. [Scharlemann, J. P. W.] Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. [Turak, E.] Off Environm & Heritage, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Wegmann, M.] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Geog & Geol, Wurzburg, Germany. RP Pereira, HM (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal. EM hpereira@fc.ul.pt RI Pereira, Henrique/B-3975-2009; Ferrier, Simon/C-1490-2009; Scharlemann, Jorn/A-4737-2008; Bruford, Michael/D-3750-2009; Onoda, Yusuke/L-7179-2015; Coops, Nicholas/J-1543-2012; OI Scholes, Robert/0000-0001-5537-6935; Pereira, Henrique/0000-0003-1043-1675; Obura, David/0000-0003-2256-6649; Ferrier, Simon/0000-0001-7884-2388; Scharlemann, Jorn/0000-0002-2834-6367; Turak, Eren/0000-0001-7383-9112; Geller, Gary/0000-0002-4490-6002; Bruford, Michael/0000-0001-6357-6080; Onoda, Yusuke/0000-0001-6245-2342; Coops, Nicholas/0000-0002-0151-9037; McGeoch, Melodie/0000-0003-3388-2241 NR 19 TC 186 Z9 204 U1 30 U2 429 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 18 PY 2013 VL 339 IS 6117 BP 277 EP 278 DI 10.1126/science.1229931 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 071UW UT WOS:000313622000029 PM 23329036 ER PT J AU Bianchi, TS Garcia-Tigreros, F Yvon-Lewis, SA Shields, M Mills, HJ Butman, D Osburn, C Raymond, P Shank, GC DiMarco, SF Walker, N Reese, BK Mullins-Perry, R Quigg, A Aiken, GR Grossman, EL AF Bianchi, Thomas S. Garcia-Tigreros, Fenix Yvon-Lewis, Shari A. Shields, Michael Mills, Heath J. Butman, David Osburn, Christopher Raymond, Peter Shank, G. Christopher DiMarco, Steven F. Walker, Nan Reese, Brandi Kiel Mullins-Perry, Ruth Quigg, Antonietta Aiken, George R. Grossman, Ethan L. TI Enhanced transfer of terrestrially derived carbon to the atmosphere in a flooding event SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONGO RIVER; WATERS; LIGNIN; VARIABILITY; DIOXIDE; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS AB Rising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, global climate change, and the sustainability of the Earth's biosphere are great societal concerns for the 21st century. Global climate change has, in part, resulted in a higher frequency of flooding events, which allow for greater exchange between soil/plant litter and aquatic carbon pools. Here we demonstrate that the summer 2011 flood in the Mississippi River basin, caused by extreme precipitation events, resulted in a "flushing" of terrestrially derived dissolved organic carbon (TDOC) to the northern Gulf of Mexico. Data from the lower Atchafalaya and Mississippi rivers showed that the DOC flux to the northern Gulf of Mexico during this flood was significantly higher than in previous years. We also show that consumption of radiocarbon-modern TDOC by bacteria in floodwaters in the lower Atchafalaya River and along the adjacent shelf contributed to northern Gulf shelf waters changing from a net sink to a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere in June and August 2011. This work shows that enhanced flooding, which may or may not be caused by climate change, can result in rapid losses of stored carbon in soils to the atmosphere via processes in aquatic ecosystems. Citation: Bianchi, T. S., F. Garcia-Tigreros, S. A. Yvon-Lewis, M. Shields, H. J. Mills, D. Butman, C. Osburn, P. Raymond, G. C. Shank, S. F. DiMarco, N. Walker, B. K. Reese, R. Mullins-Perry, A. Quigg, G. R. Aiken, and E. L. Grossman (2013), Enhanced transfer of terrestrially derived carbon to the atmosphere in a flooding event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 116-122, doi: 10.1029/2012GL054145. C1 [Bianchi, Thomas S.; Garcia-Tigreros, Fenix; Yvon-Lewis, Shari A.; Shields, Michael; Mills, Heath J.; DiMarco, Steven F.; Reese, Brandi Kiel; Mullins-Perry, Ruth; Quigg, Antonietta] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Butman, David; Raymond, Peter] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Osburn, Christopher] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Shank, G. Christopher] Univ Texas Dallas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Walker, Nan] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Walker, Nan] Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Sci Coastal Studies Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Quigg, Antonietta] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Grossman, Ethan L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bianchi, TS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tbianchi@tamu.edu RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; Yvon-Lewis, Shari/E-4108-2012; OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Yvon-Lewis, Shari/0000-0003-1378-8434; Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 FU NASA [NNX08AW98G]; USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network FX We thank Rik Wanninkhof for the analysis of DIC in the water samples collected in April. This work was funded, in part, by NASA (NNX08AW98G). We thank the USGS field personnel for collecting water samples from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers. This research was supported by the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network. The use of brand name in this manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 89 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.1029/2012GL054145 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 129GF UT WOS:000317826300022 ER PT J AU Nimick, DA Caldwell, RR Skaar, DR Selch, TM AF Nimick, David A. Caldwell, Rodney R. Skaar, Donald R. Selch, Trevor M. TI Fate of geothermal mercury from Yellowstone National Park in the Madison and Missouri Rivers, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methyl mercury; Bioaccumulation; Water; Sediment; Fish; Lake ID ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; METHYL MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; CARSON RIVER; NEW-ZEALAND; SYSTEM; WATER; FISH; METHYLMERCURY; TRANSPORT AB Mercury is a worldwide contaminant derived from natural and anthropogenic sources. River systems play a key role in the transport and fate of Hg because they drain widespread areas affected by aerial Hg deposition, transport Hg away from point sources, and are sites of Hg biogeochemical cycling and bioaccumulation. The Madison and Missouri Rivers provide a natural laboratory for studying the fate and transport of Hg contributed by geothermal discharge in Yellowstone National Park and from the atmosphere for a large drainage basin in Montana and Wyoming, United States of America (USA). Assessing Hg in these rivers also is important because they support fishery-based recreation and irrigated agriculture. During 2002 to 2006, Hg concentrations were measured in water, sediment, and fish from the main stem, 7 tributaries, and 6 lakes. Using these data, the geothermal Hg load to the Madison River and overall fate of Hg along 378 km of the Missouri River system were assessed. Geothermal Hg was the primary source of elevated total Hg concentrations in unfiltered water (6.2-31.2 ng/L), sediment (148-1100 ng/g), and brown and rainbow trout (0.12-1.23 mu g total Hg/g wet weight skinless filet) upstream from Hebgen Lake (the uppermost impoundment). Approximately 7.0 kg/y of geothermal Hg was discharged from the park via the Madison River, and an estimated 87% of that load was lost to sedimentation in and volatilization from Hebgen lake. Consequently, Hg concentrations in water, sediment, and fish from main-stem sites downstream from Hebgen Lake were not elevated and were comparable to concentrations reported for other areas affected solely by atmospheric Hg deposition. Some Hg was sequestered in sediment in the downstream lakes. Bioaccumulation of Hg in fish along the river system was strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.76-0.86) with unfiltered total and methyl Hg concentrations in water and total Hg in sediment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nimick, David A.; Caldwell, Rodney R.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Skaar, Donald R.; Selch, Trevor M.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59626 USA. RP Nimick, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM dnimick@usgs.gov; caldwell@usgs.gov; dskaar@mt.gov; tselch@mt.gov OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 FU U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks Fisheries Bureau FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks Fisheries Bureau. We thank C.L. Bowers, T.E. Cleasby, K. Hill, and A.R. Skerda for field assistance and D.M. Dutton for GIS spatial analysis. Critical reviews of early drafts of this manuscript by J.L. Barringer, D.A. Burns, M.S. Gustin, and the anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated. Christie Hendrix's help as Research Permit Coordinator at YNP was greatly appreciated. Any use of firm, trade, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 443 BP 40 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.080 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098OZ UT WOS:000315559900006 PM 23178889 ER PT J AU Ardon, M Duff, JH Ramirez, A Small, GE Jackman, AP Triska, FJ Pringle, CM AF Ardon, Marcelo Duff, John H. Ramirez, Alonso Small, Gaston E. Jackman, Alan P. Triska, Frank J. Pringle, Catherine M. TI Experimental acidification of two biogeochemically-distinct neotropical streams: Buffering mechanisms and macroinvertebrate drift SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Acidification; Bicarbonate; Macroinvertebrates; Drift; Costa Rica; La Selva ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; COSTA-RICA; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; INVERTEBRATE DRIFT; RAIN-FOREST; ARTIFICIAL ACIDIFICATION; HEADWATER STREAM; TROPICAL FORESTS; AMAZONIAN RIVERS; LA-SELVA AB Research into the buffering mechanisms and ecological consequences of acidification in tropical streams is lacking. We have documented seasonal and episodic acidification events in streams draining La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Across this forested landscape, the severity in seasonal and episodic acidification events varies due to interbasin groundwater flow (IGF). Streams that receive IGF have higher concentrations of solutes and more stable pH (similar to 6) than streams that do not receive IGF (pH similar to 5). To examine the buffering capacity and vulnerability of macroinvertebrates to short-term acidification events, we added hydrochloric acid to acidify a low-solute, poorly buffered (without IGF) and a high-solute, well buffered stream (with IGF). We hypothesized that: 1) protonation of bicarbonate (HCO3-) would neutralize most of the acid added in the high-solute stream, while base cation release from the sediments would be the most important buffering mechanism in the low-solute stream; 2) pH declines would mobilize inorganic aluminum (Ali) from sediments in both streams; and 3) pH declines would increase macroinvertebrate drift in both streams. We found that the high-solute stream neutralized 745 mu eq/L (96% of the acid added), while the solute poor stream only neutralized 27.4 mu eq/L (40%). Protonation of HCO3- was an important buffering mechanism in both streams. Base cation, Fe2+, and Ali release from sediments and protonation of organic acids also provided buffering in the low-solute stream. We measured low concentrations of Ali release in both streams (2-9 mu eq/L) in response to acidification, but the low-solute stream released double the amount Ali per 100 mu eq of acid added than the high solute stream. Macroinvertebrate drift increased in both streams in response to acidification and was dominated by Ephemeroptera and Chironomidae. Our results elucidate the different buffering mechanisms in tropical streams and suggest that low-solute poorly buffered streams might be particularly vulnerable to episodic acidification. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ardon, Marcelo] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Ardon, Marcelo] E Carolina Univ, N Carolina Ctr Biodivers, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Duff, John H.; Triska, Frank J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ramirez, Alonso] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Environm Sci, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Pringle, Catherine M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Small, Gaston E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jackman, Alan P.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ardon, M (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM ardonsayaom@ecu.edu OI Ardon, Marcelo/0000-0001-7275-2672 FU National Science Foundation through the Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology program [DEB 9528434, DEB 0075339, DEB 0545463]; NSF [DBI-0805576]; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) award [FP-91687101-0] FX We thank M. Hidalgo and S. Santos for help in the field and Organization for Tropical Studies for logistical support. T. Maddox helped with chemical analyses, M. Springer helped with macroinvertebrate identification and P. Garcia helped with statistical analyses. We thank S. Norton and W.H. McDowell for a helpful discussion which improved this manuscript, and L.G. Miller (U.S. Geological Survey) for an early review. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation through the Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology program (DEB 9528434, DEB 0075339, DEB 0545463). M.A. was supported by NSF DBI-0805576 and G.E.S was supported by an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) award (FP-91687101-0). NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 443 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.068 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098OZ UT WOS:000315559900028 PM 23201647 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DW Blazer, VS Gray, JL Focazio, MJ Young, JA Alvarez, DA Iwanowicz, LR Foreman, WT Furlong, ET Speiran, GK Zaugg, SD Hubbard, LE Meyer, MT Sandstrom, MW Barber, LB AF Kolpin, Dana W. Blazer, Vicki S. Gray, James L. Focazio, Michael J. Young, John A. Alvarez, David A. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Foreman, William T. Furlong, Edward T. Speiran, Gary K. Zaugg, Steven D. Hubbard, Laura E. Meyer, Michael T. Sandstrom, Mark W. Barber, Larry B. TI Chemical contaminants in water and sediment near fish nesting sites in the Potomac River basin: Determining potential exposures to smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Water-quality; Streams; Potomac River basin ID EMERGING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; WASTE-WATER; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AB The Potomac River basin is an area where a high prevalence of abnormalities such as testicular oocytes (TO), skin lesions, and mortality has been observed in smallmouth bass (SMB, Micropterus dolomieu). Previous research documented a variety of chemicals in regional streams, implicating chemical exposure as one plausible explanation for these biological effects. Six stream sites in the Potomac basin (and one out-of-basin reference site) were sampled to provide an assessment of chemicals in these streams. Potential early life-stage exposure to chemicals detected was assessed by collecting samples in and around SMB nesting areas. Target chemicals included those known to be associated with important agricultural and municipal wastewater sources in the Potomac basin. The prevalence and severity of TO in SMB were also measured to determine potential relations between chemistry and biological effects. A total of 39 chemicals were detected at least once in the discrete-water samples, with atrazine, caffeine, deethylatrazine, simazine, and iso-chlorotetracycline being most frequently detected. Of the most frequently detected chemicals, only caffeine was detected in water from the reference site. No biogenic hormones/sterols were detected in the discrete-water samples. In contrast, 100 chemicals (including six biogenic hormones/sterols) were found in a least one passive-water sample, with 25 being detected at all such samples. In addition, 46 chemicals (including seven biogenic hormones/sterols) were found in the bed-sediment samples, with caffeine, cholesterol, indole, para-cresol, and sitosterol detected in all such samples. The number of herbicides detected in discrete-water samples per site had a significant positive relation to TOrank (a nonparametric indicator of TO), with significant positive relations between TOrank and atrazine concentrations in discrete-water samples and to total hormone/sterol concentration in bed-sediment samples. Such significant correlations do not necessarily imply causation, as these chemical compositions and concentrations likely do not adequately reflect total SMB exposure history, particularly during critical life stages. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kolpin, Dana W.; Hubbard, Laura E.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.; Young, John A.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Gray, James L.; Foreman, William T.; Furlong, Edward T.; Zaugg, Steven D.; Sandstrom, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Focazio, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Speiran, Gary K.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Water Sci Ctr, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kolpin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, 400 S Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. EM dwkolpin@usgs.gov OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985; Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675; Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 NR 84 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 9 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 443 BP 700 EP 716 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.063 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098OZ UT WOS:000315559900075 PM 23228716 ER PT J AU Dietz, R Sonne, C Basu, N Braune, B O'Hara, T Letcher, RJ Scheuhammer, T Andersen, M Andreasen, C Andriashek, D Asmund, G Aubail, A Baagoe, H Born, EW Chan, HM Derocher, AE Grandjean, P Knott, K Kirkegaard, M Krey, A Lunn, N Messier, F Obbard, M Olsen, MT Ostertag, S Peacock, E Renzoni, A Riget, FF Skaare, JU Stern, G Stirling, I Taylor, M Wiig, O Wilson, S Aars, J AF Dietz, Rune Sonne, Christian Basu, Niladri Braune, Birgit O'Hara, Todd Letcher, Robert J. Scheuhammer, Tony Andersen, Magnus Andreasen, Claus Andriashek, Dennis Asmund, Gert Aubail, Aurore Baagoe, Hans Born, Erik W. Chan, Hing M. Derocher, Andrew E. Grandjean, Philippe Knott, Katrina Kirkegaard, Maja Krey, Anke Lunn, Nick Messier, Francoise Obbard, Marty Olsen, Morten T. Ostertag, Sonja Peacock, Elizabeth Renzoni, Aristeo Riget, Frank F. Skaare, Janneche Utne Stern, Gary Stirling, Ian Taylor, Mitch Wiig, Oystein Wilson, Simon Aars, Jon TI What are the toxicological effects of mercury in Arctic biota? SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Fish; Birds; Mammals; Heavy metals; Exposure; Threshold levels ID BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; FRESH-WATER FISH; PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDII; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL; LOONS GAVIA-IMMER; POLAR BEARS; MARINE MAMMALS; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; TEMPORAL TRENDS AB This review critically evaluates the available mercury (Hg) data in Arctic marine biota and the Inuit population against toxicity threshold values. In particular marine top predators exhibit concentrations of mercury in their tissues and organs that are believed to exceed thresholds for biological effects. Species whose concentrations exceed threshold values include the polar bears (Ursus maritimus), beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), pilot whale (Globicephala melas), hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), a few seabird species, and landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Toothed whales appear to be one of the most vulnerable groups, with high concentrations of mercury recorded in brain tissue with associated signs of neurochemical effects. Evidence of increasing concentrations in mercury in some biota in Arctic Canada and Greenland is therefore a concern with respect to ecosystem health. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dietz, Rune; Sonne, Christian; Asmund, Gert; Aubail, Aurore; Kirkegaard, Maja; Olsen, Morten T.; Riget, Frank F.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Basu, Niladri] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Braune, Birgit; Letcher, Robert J.; Scheuhammer, Tony] Environm Canada, Wildlife & Landscape Sci Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [O'Hara, Todd; Knott, Katrina] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Vet Med, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Andersen, Magnus; Aars, Jon] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Andreasen, Claus] Greenland Natl Museum & Arch Nuuk, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Andriashek, Dennis] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Aubail, Aurore] La Rochelle Univ, UMR 7266, CNRS, F-17000 La Rochelle, France. [Baagoe, Hans] Zool Museum, Vertebrate Dept, DK-2160 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Born, Erik W.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Chan, Hing M.; Krey, Anke; Ostertag, Sonja] Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada. [Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Grandjean, Philippe] Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. [Lunn, Nick; Stirling, Ian] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Messier, Francoise] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Obbard, Marty] Trent Univ, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Peacock, Elizabeth] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Renzoni, Aristeo] Univ Siena, Dept Environm Biol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Skaare, Janneche Utne] Natl Vet Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Stern, Gary] Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Taylor, Mitch] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igoolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. [Wiig, Oystein] Univ Oslo, Zool Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Wilson, Simon] Arctic Monitoring & Assessment Programme AMAP Sec, N-0032 Oslo, Norway. RP Dietz, R (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM rdi@dmu.dk RI Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Riget, Frank/J-3245-2013; Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Chan, Laurie /C-4055-2014; Olsen, Morten/J-4783-2013; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015; Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012; OI Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263; Olsen, Morten/0000-0001-6716-6345; Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251; Obbard, Martyn/0000-0003-2064-0155; Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037; Grandjean, Philippe/0000-0003-4046-9658 FU DANCEA (Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic) program FX Support for this review was provided by the DANCEA (Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic) program. NR 115 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 22 U2 240 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 443 BP 775 EP 790 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.046 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098OZ UT WOS:000315559900082 PM 23231888 ER PT J AU Markewich, HW Pavich, MJ Schultz, AP Mahan, SA Aleman-Gonzalez, WB Bierman, PR AF Markewich, H. W. Pavich, M. J. Schultz, A. P. Mahan, S. A. Aleman-Gonzalez, W. B. Bierman, P. R. TI Geochronologic evidence for a possible MIS-11 emergent barrier/beach-ridge in southeastern Georgia, USA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Pleistocene; Coastal evolution; Southeast Atlantic Coastal Plain; Optically stimulated luminescence; Be-10 paleosol residence-time; Marine isotope stage 11 ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; SEA-LEVEL; SOUTH-CAROLINA; METEORIC BE-10; LUMINESCENCE; SEDIMENTS; CALIBRATION; QUARTZ; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AB Predominantly clastic, off-lapping, transgressive, near-shore marine sediment packages that are morphologically expressed as subparallel NE-trending barriers, beach ridges, and associated back-barrier areas, characterize the near-surface stratigraphic section between the Savannah and the Ogeechee Rivers in Effingham County, southeastern Georgia. Each barrier/back-barrier (shoreline) complex is lower than and cut into a higher/older complex. Each barrier or shoreline complex overlies Miocene strata. No direct age data are available for these deposits. Previous researchers have disagreed on their age and provenance. Using luminescence and meteoric beryllium-10 (Be-10) inventory analyses, we estimated a minimum age for the largest, westernmost, morphologically identifiable, and topographically-highest, barrier/beach-ridge (the Wicomico shoreline barrier) and constrained the age of a suite of younger barrier/beach-ridges that lie adjacent and seaward of the Wicomico shoreline barrier. At the study site, the near-shore marine/estuarine deposits underlying the Wicomico shoreline barrier are overlain by eolian sand and an intervening zone-of-mixing. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) data indicate ages of <= 43 ka for the eolian sand and 116 ka for the zone-of-mixing. Meteoric Be-10 and pedostratigraphic data indicate minimum residence times of 33.4 ka for the eolian sand, 80.6 ka for the zone-of-mixing, and 247 ka for the paleosol. The combined OSL and Be-10 age data indicate that, at this locality, the barrier/beach ridge has a minimum age of about 360 ka. This age for the Wicomico shoreline-barrier deposit is the first for any Pleistocene near-shore marine/estuarine deposit in southeast Georgia that is conclusively older than 80 ka. The 360-ka minimum age is in agreement with other geochronologic data for near-coastline deposits in Georgia and South Carolina. The geomorphic position of this barrier/beach-ridge is similar to deposits in South Carolina considered to be similar to 450 ka to >1 Ma. The age and geomorphic data for Georgia and South Carolina possibly suggest the presence of MIS-11 (similar to 420-360 ka) shoreline deposits between 15 m and 28 m above present sea level in the Southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Markewich, H. W.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. [Pavich, M. J.; Schultz, A. P.; Aleman-Gonzalez, W. B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Mahan, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bierman, P. R.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Markewich, HW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3039 Amwiler Rd,Ste 130, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM helainem@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program; USGS Climate and Land-Use Change Research and Development Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program and the USGS Climate and Land-Use Change Research and Development Program. We thank Mr Keith Johnson and Mr James Long for access to the Springfield-Stillwell pit; Mr David Crawley and the Effingham County Board of Commissioners for access to county properties and right-of-ways; and Mr Lee Lively, Plant McIntosh, Georgia Power Company for access to plant property. Special thanks to Gene Cobbs and Jeff Grey, USGS drill crew, for their help throughout this study, J.C. Jackson, USGS, for the clay-mineral data, and G.R. Buell, USGS, for GIS assistance. We appreciate the thoughtful discussions of these findings with T.M. Cronin, USGS, and J.F. Wehmiller, Department of Geology and College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, DE. We also thank C.E. Bernhardt and B.D. DeJong, USGS, and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on the original manuscript. NR 102 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 60 BP 49 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.041 PG 27 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 098MZ UT WOS:000315554700004 ER PT J AU Williams, ES Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC AF Williams, E. Spencer Mahler, Barbara J. Van Metre, Peter C. TI Cancer Risk from Incidental Ingestion Exposures to PAHs Associated with Coal-Tar-Sealed Pavement SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SETTLED HOUSE-DUST; PARKING LOT SEALCOAT; UNRECOGNIZED SOURCE; MUTAGENIC HAZARDS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN HEALTH; VOLATILIZATION; ENVIRONMENT; MIXTURES AB Recent (2009-10) studies documented significantly higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in settled house dust in living spaces and soil adjacent to parking lots sealed with coal-tar-based products. To date, no studies have examined the potential human health effects of PAHs from these products in dust and soil. Here we present the results of an analysis of potential cancer risk associated with incidental ingestion exposures to PAHs in settings near coal-tar-sealed pavement. Exposures to benzo[a]pyrene equivalents were characterized across five scenarios. The central tendency estimate of excess cancer risk resulting from lifetime exposures to soil and dust from nondietary ingestion in these settings exceeded 1 X 10(-4), as determined using deterministic and probabilistic methods. Soil was the primary driver of risk, but according to probabilistic calculations, reasonable maximum exposure to affected house dust in the first 6 years of life was sufficient to generate an estimated excess lifetime cancer risk of 6 X 10(-5). Our results indicate that the presence of coal-tar-based pavement sealants is associated with significant increases in estimated excess lifetime cancer risk for nearby residents. Much of this calculated excess risk arises from exposures to PAHs in early childhood (i.e., 0-6 years of age). C1 [Williams, E. Spencer] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Williams, ES (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, 1 Bear Pl 97178, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM sp_williams@baylor.edu OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 2 BP 1101 EP 1109 DI 10.1021/es303371t PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072JO UT WOS:000313667400054 PM 23181746 ER PT J AU Wang, HM Gong, LF Cravotta, CA Yang, XF Tuovinen, OH Dong, HL Fu, X AF Wang, Hongmei Gong, Linfeng Cravotta, Charles A., III Yang, Xiaofen Tuovinen, Olli H. Dong, Hailiang Fu, Xiang TI Inhibition of bacterial oxidation of ferrous iron by lead nitrate in sulfate-rich systems SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE A. ferrooxidans; Anglesite; Iron oxidation; Jarosite; Acid mine drainage ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; HEAVY-METAL IONS; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; ACIDITHIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; NATURAL ATTENUATION; MIXED CULTURES; SCHWERTMANNITE; WATERS; GALENA; MICROORGANISMS AB Inhibition of bacterial oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe(II)) by Pb(NO3)(2) was investigated with a mixed culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The culture was incubated at 30 degrees C in ferrous-sulfate medium amended with 0-24.2 mM Pb(II) added as Pb(NO3)(2). Anglesite (PbSO4) precipitated immediately upon Pb addition and was the only solid phase detected in the abiotic controls. Both anglesite and jarosite (KFe3(SO4)(2)(OH)(6)) were detected in inoculated cultures. Precipitation of anglesite maintained dissolved Pb concentrations at 16.9-17.6 mu M regardless of the concentrations of Pb(NO3)(2) added. Fe(II) oxidation was suppressed by 24.2 mM Pb(NO3)(2) addition even when anglesite was removed before inoculation. Experiments with 0-48 mM KNO3 demonstrated that bacterial Fe(II) oxidation decreased as nitrate concentration increased. Therefore, inhibition of Fe(II) oxidation at 24.2 mM Pb(NO3)(2) addition resulted from nitrate toxicity instead of Pb addition. Geochemical modeling that considered the initial precipitation of anglesite to equilibrium followed by progressive oxidation of Fe(II) and the precipitation of jarosite and an amorphous iron hydroxide phase, without allowing plumbojarosite to precipitate were consistent with the experimental time-series data on Fe(II) oxidation under biotic conditions. Anglesite precipitation in mine tailings and other sulfate-rich systems maintains dissolved Pb concentrations below the toxicity threshold of A. ferrooxidans. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Hongmei; Gong, Linfeng; Yang, Xiaofen; Dong, Hailiang; Fu, Xiang] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hongmei] China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Hubei Key Lab Wetland Evolut & Ecol Restorat, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Cravotta, Charles A., III] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Tuovinen, Olli H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dong, Hailiang] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Wang, HM (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM wanghmei04@163.com OI Tuovinen, Olli/0000-0003-4601-4013 FU National Basic Research Programs of China (973 Program) [2011CB808800]; NSFC project [41072253, 41130207]; Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) [CUG090103, CUG120103, CUGL100502] FX The XRD and SEM-EDS analyses were performed at the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan. All other analytical work was carried out in the Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan. This research was jointly supported by the National Basic Research Programs of China (973 Program 2011CB808800), the NSFC project (41072253, 41130207), and the Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (CUG090103, CUG120103, CUGL100502). Helpful comments on the draft manuscript were provided by William D. Burgos and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 244 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.004 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090ST UT WOS:000315001000084 PM 23183347 ER PT J AU Bresloff, CJ Nguyen, U Glenn, EP Waugh, J Nagler, PL AF Bresloff, Cynthia J. Nguyen, Uyen Glenn, Edward P. Waugh, Jody Nagler, Pamela L. TI Effects of grazing on leaf area index, fractional cover and evapotranspiration by a desert phreatophyte community at a former uranium mill site on the Colorado Plateau SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; MODIS; Landsat; Quickbird; Phytoremediation ID GREAT-BASIN; VEGETATION INDEXES; EDDY COVARIANCE; FLUX TOWERS; GROUNDWATER; SOIL; SHRUBS; MODIS; TRANSPIRATION; ENVIRONMENT AB This study employed ground and remote sensing methods to monitor the effects of grazing on leaf area index (LAI), fractional cover (f(c)) and evapotranspiration (ET) of a desert phreatophyte community over an 11 year period at a former uranium mill site on the Colorado Plateau, U.S. Nitrate, ammonium and sulfate are migrating away from the mill site in a shallow alluvial aquifer. The phreatophyte community, consisting of Atriplex canescens (ATCA) and Sarcobatus vermiculatus (SAVE) shrubs, intercepts groundwater and could potentially slow the movement of the contaminant plume through evapotranspiration (ET). However, the site has been heavily grazed by livestock, reducing plant cover and LAI. We used livestock exclosures and revegetation plots to determine the effects of grazing on LAI, f(c) and ET, then projected the findings over the whole site using multi-platform remote sensing methods. We show that ET is approximately equal to annual precipitation at the site, but when ATCA and SAVE are protected from grazing they can develop high f(c) and LAI values, and ET can exceed annual precipitation, with the excess coming from groundwater discharge. Therefore, control of grazing could be an effective method to slow migration of contaminants at this and similar sites in the western U.S. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bresloff, Cynthia J.; Nguyen, Uyen; Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Waugh, Jody] SM Stoller Corp, Environm Sci Lab, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, 1601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM cyndyb@email.arizona.edu; uyenn@email.arizona.edu; eglenn@ag.arizona.edu; Jody.Waugh@lm.doe.gov; pnagler@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 48 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 114 BP 92 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.026 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082DE UT WOS:000314371700010 PM 23220605 ER PT J AU Lemieux, CJ ThompsoN, JL Dawson, J Schuster, RM AF Lemieux, Christopher J. Thompson, Jessica L. Dawson, Jackie Schuster, Rudy M. TI Natural resource manager perceptions of agency performance on climate change SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Organizational performance; Land management; Resource management; Managers; Perceptions; Governance; Regional management ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; CHANGE ADAPTATION; PROTECTED AREAS; VULNERABILITY; FOREST; RESILIENCE; HEALTH; CANADA; ORGANIZATIONS AB An important precursor to the adoption of climate change adaptation strategies is to understand the perceived capacity to implement and operationalize such strategies. Utilizing an importance performance analysis (IPA) evaluation framework, this article presents a comparative case study of federal and state land and natural resource manager perceptions of agency performance on factors influencing adaptive capacity in two U.S. regions (northern Colorado and southwestern South Dakota). Results revealed several important findings with substantial management implications. First, none of the managers ranked the adaptive capacity factors as a low priority. Second, managers held the perception that their agencies were performing either neutrally or poorly on most factors influencing adaptive capacity. Third, gap analysis revealed that significant improvements are required to facilitate optimal agency functioning when dealing with climate change-related management issues. Overall, results suggest that a host of institutional and policy-oriented (e.g., lack of clear mandate to adapt to climate change), financial and human resource (e.g., inadequate staff and financial resources), informational (e.g., inadequate research and monitoring programs) and contextual barriers (e.g., sufficient regional networks to mitigate potential transboundary impacts) currently challenge the efficient and effective integration of climate change into decision-making and management within agencies working in these regions. The IPA framework proved to be an effective tool to help managers identify and understand agency strengths, areas of concern, redundancies, and areas that warrant the use of limited funds and/or resource reallocation in order to enhance adaptive capacity and maximize management effectiveness with respect to climate change. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lemieux, Christopher J.] Trent Univ, Environm & Resource Studies Sci Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Lemieux, Christopher J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Recreat & Leisure Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Thompson, Jessica L.] No Michigan Univ, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Dawson, Jackie] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Inst Sci Soc & Policy, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Schuster, Rudy M.] US Geol Survey, Policy Anal & Sci Assistance Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lemieux, CJ (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Recreat & Leisure Studies, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM cjlemieux@uwaterloo.ca; jessitho@nmu.edu; jackie.dawson@uottawa.ca; schusterr@usgs.gov RI McLean, Laurence /C-7367-2014; OI Dawson, Jackie/0000-0002-3532-2742 FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10AC00684]; [RM CESU-102] FX A special thanks is extended to all workshop participants who took the time to complete the questionnaire. The authors would particularly like to thank Leigh Welling, Cat Hawkins-Hoffman, and Melanie Wood of the U.S. National Park Service and David Peterson and Linda Joyce of the U.S. Forest Service for their support of the workshops. This project was funded by Project RM CESU-102 (Identifying Multi-jurisdictional Adaptation Strategies for Responding to Climate Change on Federal Lands) and the U.S. Geological Survey (Grant and Cooperative Agreement #G10AC00684). Jill S. Baron (U.S. Geological Survey) and three anonymous reviewers are thanked for providing constructive feedback on earlier versions of the manuscript. The Global Environmental Change Group at the University of Guelph and the Canadian Council on Ecological Areas are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 92 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 70 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 114 BP 178 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.014 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082DE UT WOS:000314371700018 PM 23141868 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG Aiken, GR AF Huntington, Thomas G. Aiken, George R. TI Export of dissolved organic carbon from the Penobscot River basin in north-central Maine SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Export of dissolved organic carbon; Carbon cycling; Concentration discharge relations; Controls on carbon export; Modeling carbon export; Linking terrestrial and marine systems ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; WATER-QUALITY; NEW-YORK; MATTER CONCENTRATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; ADIRONDACK LAKES; RIPARIAN ZONE AB Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux from the Penobscot River and its major tributaries in Maine was determined using continuous discharge measurements, discrete water sampling, and the LOADEST regression software. The average daily flux during 2004-2007 was 71 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) (392 Mt C d(-1)), an amount larger than measured in most northern temperate and boreal rivers. Distinct seasonal variation was observed in the relation between concentration and discharge (C-Q). During June through December (summer/fall), there was a relatively steep positive C-Q relation where concentration increased by a factor of 2-3 over the approximately 20-fold range of observed stream discharge for the Penobscot River near Eddington, Maine. In contrast, during January through May (winter/spring), DOC concentration did not increase with increasing discharge. In addition, we observed a major shift in the C-Q between 2004-2005 and 2006-2007, apparently resulting from unprecedented rainfall, runoff, and soil flushing beginning in late fall 2005. The relative contribution to the total Penobscot River basin DOC flux from each tributary varied dramatically by season, reflecting the role of large regulated reservoirs in certain basins. DOC concentration and flux per unit watershed area were highest in tributaries containing the largest areas in palustrine wetlands. Tributary DOC concentration and flux was positively correlated to percentage wetland area. Climatic or environmental changes that influence the magnitude or timing of river discharge or the abundance of wetlands will likely affect the export of DOC to the near-coastal ocean. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Huntington, Thomas G.] US Geol Survey, Maine Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, ME 04553 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Maine Water Sci Ctr, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04553 USA. EM thunting@usgs.gov; graiken@usgs.gov OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 FU NASA [NNYH04AA661, NNH08A1571]; US Geological Survey funds for climate research FX This work was supported by NASA Grants NNYH04AA661 and NNH08A1571 and the US Geological Survey funds for climate research. We thank hydrologic technicians with the USGS Water Science Center in Augusta, Maine, for their support in the maintenance of discharge records and their assistance with sampling, and we thank Kenna Butler, chemist with the USGS, for her assistance with chemical analysis and database management. We thank Robert Runkel (USGS, Boulder, CO) and Timothy Cohn (USGS, Reston, VA) for assistance with the application of the LOADEST model. Rob Runkel (USGS, Boulder, CO), Jamie Shanley (USGS, Montpelier, VT) and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful critical reviews that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 7 PY 2013 VL 476 BP 244 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.10.039 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 075CQ UT WOS:000313861800021 ER PT J AU Hawkes, LA Balachandran, S Batbayar, N Butler, PJ Chua, B Douglas, DC Frappell, PB Hou, Y Milsom, WK Newman, SH Prosser, DJ Sathiyaselvam, P Scott, GR Takekawa, JY Natsagdorj, T Wikelski, M Witt, MJ Yan, B Bishop, CM AF Hawkes, L. A. Balachandran, S. Batbayar, N. Butler, P. J. Chua, B. Douglas, D. C. Frappell, P. B. Hou, Y. Milsom, W. K. Newman, S. H. Prosser, D. J. Sathiyaselvam, P. Scott, G. R. Takekawa, J. Y. Natsagdorj, T. Wikelski, M. Witt, M. J. Yan, B. Bishop, C. M. TI The paradox of extreme high-altitude migration in bar-headed geese Anser indicus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE high altitude; avian migration; exercise performance; physiology ID BRANTA-LEUCOPSIS; BIRDS; HYPOXIA; GOOSE; PERFORMANCE; FLIGHT; WIND; FLY; ADAPTATION; RESPONSES AB Bar-headed geese are renowned for migratory flights at extremely high altitudes over the world's tallest mountains, the Himalayas, where partial pressure of oxygen is dramatically reduced while flight costs, in terms of rate of oxygen consumption, are greatly increased. Such a mismatch is paradoxical, and it is not clear why geese might fly higher than is absolutely necessary. In addition, direct empirical measurements of high-altitude flight are lacking. We test whether migrating bar-headed geese actually minimize flight altitude and make use of favourable winds to reduce flight costs. By tracking 91 geese, we show that these birds typically travel through the valleys of the Himalayas and not over the summits. We report maximum flight altitudes of 7290 m and 6540 m for southbound and northbound geese, respectively, but with 95 per cent of locations received from less than 5489 m. Geese travelled along a route that was 112 km longer than the great circle (shortest distance) route, with transit ground speeds suggesting that they rarely profited from tailwinds. Bar-headed geese from these eastern populations generally travel only as high as the terrain beneath them dictates and rarely in profitable winds. Nevertheless, their migration represents an enormous challenge in conditions where humans and other mammals are only able to operate at levels well below their sea-level maxima. C1 [Hawkes, L. A.; Bishop, C. M.] Univ Bangor, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Balachandran, S.; Sathiyaselvam, P.] Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Batbayar, N.; Natsagdorj, T.] Mongolian Acad Sci, Ulaan Bataar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Butler, P. J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Chua, B.; Milsom, W. K.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Douglas, D. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Frappell, P. B.] Univ Tasmania, Off Dean Grad Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Hou, Y.] Qinghai Lake Natl Nat Reserve, Xining 810003, Peoples R China. [Newman, S. H.] Food & Agr Org United Nation, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Prosser, D. J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Scott, G. R.] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Takekawa, J. Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Wikelski, M.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Witt, M. J.] Univ Exeter, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Yan, B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Network Informat Ctr, Beijing 10010, Peoples R China. RP Bishop, CM (reprint author), Univ Bangor, Sch Biol Sci, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. EM c.bishop@bangor.ac.uk RI Batbayar, Nyambayar/N-7066-2015 OI Batbayar, Nyambayar/0000-0002-9138-9626 FU British Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/F015615/1]; NSERC of Canada; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; US Geological Survey; Western Ecological Research Center; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Avian Influenza Programme; United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FX This work was carried out through funding from the British Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council award to C.M.B. and P.J.B. (grant no. BB/F015615/1), from the NSERC of Canada to W.K.M., and from the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology. ECMWF ERA-Interim data used in this study have been obtained from the ECMWF data server. Support was also provided by the US Geological Survey, Western Ecological and Patuxent Wildlife Research Centers and Avian Influenza Programme, as well as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (J. Lubroth, J. Domenech), and field and analysis assistance from the Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve staff (Z. Xing, Y. Hou, D. Zhang), Qinghai Forestry Bureau (S. Li), Chinese Academy of Sciences (F. Lei, X. Hu, L. Hu, N. Kong, Y. Li, Z. Luo, J. Liu), US Geological Survey (S. Schwarzbach, W. Perry, S. Heath, E. Palm, S. Muzaffar, A. Schultz, K. Spragens), Ministry of Environment and Forests, Chief Wildlife Wardens of Tamil Nadu and Orissa, Mongolia-the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Wildlife Science and Conservation Center. We also thank the Global Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission from NASA and the British Atmospheric Data Centre for access to meteorological station data. The project was supported by field teams in both India and Mongolia, to whom we are very grateful. Work was carried out under permit in both India and Mongolia. The use of trade names in this document is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Designed research: L.A.H., C.M.B., P.J.B., J.Y.T., M.W.; performed research: L.A.H., S.B., N.B., P.J.B., P.B.F., W.K.M., S.H.N., D.J.P., Y.H., B.Y., G.R.S., P.S., J.Y.T., C.M.B.; analysed data: L.A.H., M.J.W., C.M.B.; contributed analytical tools: D.C.D., J.Y.T.; wrote the paper: L.A.H, C.M.B., P.J.B., with additional contributions from all authors. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 165 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 7 PY 2013 VL 280 IS 1750 AR 20122114 DI 10.1098/rspb.2012.2114 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 048WE UT WOS:000311943100017 PM 23118436 ER PT J AU Ritchie, VJ Ilgen, AG Mueller, SH Trainor, TP Goldfarb, RJ AF Ritchie, Vanessa J. Ilgen, Anastasia G. Mueller, Seth H. Trainor, Thomas P. Goldfarb, Richard J. TI Mobility and chemical fate of antimony and arsenic in historic mining environments of the Kantishna Hills district, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antimony; Arsenic; Hydrogeochemistry; Alaska; Denali Park ID NATURAL-WATERS; REDOX REACTIONS; NONTRONITE NAU-1; MINE DRAINAGE; NEW-ZEALAND; SPECIATION; IRON; ACID; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY AB The Kantishna Hills mining district of interior Alaska, USA, located within Denali National Park and Preserve, contains a number of antimony lode deposits, including Alaska's historically largest antimony producer, the Stampede mine. Oxidative weathering of sulfidic tailings and waste rock associated with historic mining operations has impacted water quality in the region. In the Stampede and Slate Creek watersheds, antimony and arsenic concentrations in stream waters were as high as 720 mu g/L and 239 mu g/L, respectively. Antimony in all water samples is predominantly present as Sb(V), whereas arsenic was detected in varying ratios of As(III) and As (V). Based on X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements reduced As(III) and Sb(III) were identified in mine waste materials, whereas predominantly oxidized forms, As(V) and Sb(V), were found in downstream sediments. Elevated antimony concentrations extend for more than 8 km downstream from the antimony lodes, whereas arsenic quickly attenuates within 1.5 km. The difference between antimony and arsenic aqueous phase speciation suggests that antimony oxidation is more rapid than arsenic within this system. A high correlation is observed between antimony, arsenic, and iron concentrations in fine-fraction streambed sediments downstream of the source lodes. This suggests that sorption and co-precipitation with iron (hydr)oxides are important pathways for the attenuation of antimony and arsenic in these interior Alaska watersheds. Further XAS characterization of the downstream sediments corroborates these observations and indicates that antimony is adsorbed to Fe-oxide phases as inner-sphere bi-dentate edge and corner sharing complexes. The trace element redox states, as well as downstream partitioning, are mainly controlled by iron speciation based on the strong correlation between redox potentials calculated from iron (Fe(II)/Fe(III)) and arsenic (As(III)/As(V)). (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ritchie, Vanessa J.] Fairbanks Environm Serv Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Ritchie, Vanessa J.; Ilgen, Anastasia G.; Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mueller, Seth H.] Boliden Mineral AB, SE-93681 Boliden, Sweden. [Goldfarb, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Trainor, TP (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, POB 756160, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tptrainor@alaska.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources External Research Program [MRERP-06HQGR0177]; National Science Foundation [CBET-0404400, CHE-0431425, EAR-1128799]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [SERDP ER-1770]; Discover Denali Research Fellowship; National Park Service and the Denali Education Center; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors express gratitude to the National Park Service personnel (Lucy Tyrrell and the late Phil Brease) for access and logistical support; Kunaljeet Tanwar, and Sarah Petitto for field work assistance. We thank Bob Eppinger for a careful review of the manuscript. This research was financially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources External Research Program grant MRERP-06HQGR0177, National Science Foundation grants CBET-0404400 and CHE-0431425, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program grant SERDP ER-1770, and the Discover Denali Research Fellowship (funded by the National Park Service and the Denali Education Center). Portions of this work were performed at GSECARS (Sector 13), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. GSECARS is supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-1128799) and Department of Energy (DE-FG02-94ER14466). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 89 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 6 PY 2013 VL 335 BP 172 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.10.016 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 077GJ UT WOS:000314015600015 ER PT J AU Boves, TJ Buehler, DA Sheehan, J Wood, PB Rodewald, AD Larkin, JL Keyser, PD Newell, FL George, GA Bakermans, MH Evans, A Beachy, TA McDermott, ME Perkins, KA White, M Wigley, TB AF Boves, Than J. Buehler, David A. Sheehan, James Wood, Petra Bohall Rodewald, Amanda D. Larkin, Jeffrey L. Keyser, Patrick D. Newell, Felicity L. George, Gregory A. Bakermans, Marja H. Evans, Andrea Beachy, Tiffany A. McDermott, Molly E. Perkins, Kelly A. White, Matthew Wigley, T. Bently TI Emulating Natural Disturbances for Declining Late-Successional Species: A Case Study of the Consequences for Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; BIRD COMMUNITIES; HABITAT QUALITY; HARDWOOD FOREST; GRASSLAND BIRDS; BODY CONDITION; AGE STRUCTURE; SURVIVAL AB Forest cover in the eastern United States has increased over the past century and while some late-successional species have benefited from this process as expected, others have experienced population declines. These declines may be in part related to contemporary reductions in small-scale forest interior disturbances such as fire, windthrow, and treefalls. To mitigate the negative impacts of disturbance alteration and suppression on some late-successional species, strategies that emulate natural disturbance regimes are often advocated, but large-scale evaluations of these practices are rare. Here, we assessed the consequences of experimental disturbance (using partial timber harvest) on a severely declining late-successional species, the cerulean warbler (Setophaga cerulea), across the core of its breeding range in the Appalachian Mountains. We measured numerical (density), physiological (body condition), and demographic (age structure and reproduction) responses to three levels of disturbance and explored the potential impacts of disturbance on source-sink dynamics. Breeding densities of warblers increased one to four years after all canopy disturbances (vs. controls) and males occupying territories on treatment plots were in better condition than those on control plots. However, these beneficial effects of disturbance did not correspond to improvements in reproduction; nest success was lower on all treatment plots than on control plots in the southern region and marginally lower on light disturbance plots in the northern region. Our data suggest that only habitats in the southern region acted as sources, and interior disturbances in this region have the potential to create ecological traps at a local scale, but sources when viewed at broader scales. Thus, cerulean warblers would likely benefit from management that strikes a landscape-level balance between emulating natural disturbances in order to attract individuals into areas where current structure is inappropriate, and limiting anthropogenic disturbance in forests that already possess appropriate structural attributes in order to maintain maximum productivity. C1 [Boves, Than J.; Buehler, David A.; Keyser, Patrick D.; Beachy, Tiffany A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN USA. [Sheehan, James; George, Gregory A.; McDermott, Molly E.; Perkins, Kelly A.] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Rodewald, Amanda D.; Newell, Felicity L.; Bakermans, Marja H.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Larkin, Jeffrey L.; Evans, Andrea; White, Matthew] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Wigley, T. Bently] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Clemson, SC USA. RP Boves, TJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tboves@illinois.edu RI Rodewald, Amanda/I-6308-2016 OI Rodewald, Amanda/0000-0002-6719-6306 FU Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries at the University of Tennessee; United States Geological Survey West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; School of the Environment and Natural Resources at Ohio State University; Department of Biology at Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Ohio Division of Wildlife; Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources Wildlife Diversity Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc.; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2005-0064-000, 2006-0042-000, 2007-0004-000, 2008-0009-000]; Nature Conservancy (through a USFWS Habitat Conservation Plan planning grant with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency); MeadWestvaco Corporation; U.S. Forest Service FX This research was funded and supported by the Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries at the University of Tennessee; the United States Geological Survey West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; the School of the Environment and Natural Resources at Ohio State University; the Department of Biology at Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Ohio Division of Wildlife; Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources Wildlife Diversity Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc.; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grant numbers 2005-0064-000, 2006-0042-000, 2007-0004-000, and 2008-0009-000); The Nature Conservancy (through a USFWS Habitat Conservation Plan planning grant with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency); MeadWestvaco Corporation; and U.S. Forest Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 85 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 76 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 4 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR e52107 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0052107 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 072KP UT WOS:000313670100006 PM 23308104 ER PT J AU Benoit-Bird, KJ Battaile, BC Heppell, SA Hoover, B Irons, D Jones, N Kuletz, KJ Nordstrom, CA Paredes, R Suryan, RM Waluk, CM Trites, AW AF Benoit-Bird, Kelly J. Battaile, Brian C. Heppell, Scott A. Hoover, Brian Irons, David Jones, Nathan Kuletz, Kathy J. Nordstrom, Chad A. Paredes, Rosana Suryan, Robert M. Waluk, Chad M. Trites, Andrew W. TI Prey Patch Patterns Predict Habitat Use by Top Marine Predators with Diverse Foraging Strategies SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN FUR SEALS; THICK-BILLED MURRES; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; BERING-SEA; ANTARCTIC KRILL; SPATIAL SCALE; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; TEMPORAL SCALES; SOUTH GEORGIA; SEABIRDS AB Spatial coherence between predators and prey has rarely been observed in pelagic marine ecosystems. We used measures of the environment, prey abundance, prey quality, and prey distribution to explain the observed distributions of three co-occurring predator species breeding on islands in the southeastern Bering Sea: black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia), and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Predictions of statistical models were tested using movement patterns obtained from satellite-tracked individual animals. With the most commonly used measures to quantify prey distributions - areal biomass, density, and numerical abundance - we were unable to find a spatial relationship between predators and their prey. We instead found that habitat use by all three predators was predicted most strongly by prey patch characteristics such as depth and local density within spatial aggregations. Additional prey patch characteristics and physical habitat also contributed significantly to characterizing predator patterns. Our results indicate that the small-scale prey patch characteristics are critical to how predators perceive the quality of their food supply and the mechanisms they use to exploit it, regardless of time of day, sampling year, or source colony. The three focal predator species had different constraints and employed different foraging strategies - a shallow diver that makes trips of moderate distance (kittiwakes), a deep diver that makes trip of short distances (murres), and a deep diver that makes extensive trips (fur seals). However, all three were similarly linked by patchiness of prey rather than by the distribution of overall biomass. This supports the hypothesis that patchiness may be critical for understanding predator-prey relationships in pelagic marine systems more generally. C1 [Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.; Waluk, Chad M.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Heppell, Scott A.; Paredes, Rosana; Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Battaile, Brian C.; Nordstrom, Chad A.; Trites, Andrew W.] Univ British Columbia, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Battaile, Brian C.; Nordstrom, Chad A.; Trites, Andrew W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Hoover, Brian; Jones, Nathan] Univ Calif, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Irons, David; Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Benoit-Bird, KJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kbenoit@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Trites, Andrew/K-5648-2012 FU North Pacific Research Board FX Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board as part of the Bering Sea Project [http://bsierp.nprb.org/]. The funders facilitated indersciplinary partnerships as part of the program but had no role in the specifics of the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 87 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 108 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 3 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR e53348 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0053348 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 070BE UT WOS:000313480000051 PM 23301063 ER PT S AU Singh, AK Delfs, JO Bottcher, N Taron, J Wang, W Gorke, UJ Kolditz, O AF Singh, A. K. Delfs, J. -O. Boettcher, N. Taron, J. Wang, W. Goerke, U. -J. Kolditz, O. BE Dixon, T Yamaji, K TI A benchmark study on non-isothermal compositional fluid flow SO GHGT-11 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT) CY NOV 18-22, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE benchmarking; fracture; OpenGeoSys; buoyancy number; sorption; saline aquifer; leakage; translated volume ID CARBON-DIOXIDE INJECTION; PENG-ROBINSON EQUATION; OF-STATE; CO2 AB CO2 capture and storage technology is often hampered by CO2 leakage through natural occurring fractures in the overlying caprock. This work suggests a two-dimensional test case of typical CO2 injection with possible leakage into freshwater resource. By using this test case in combination with a 1D verification example, the effects of sorption and decay processes are evaluated. Leakage value and buoyancy number reveal that buoyancy is the main mechanism for leakage, and the sorption process delays the arrival of CO2 at the fracture. The volume translated Peng-Robinson (VTPR) equation of state (EoS) has been modified for accurate material properties of CO2 and water in a multi-componential flow model. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Singh, A. K.; Delfs, J. -O.; Boettcher, N.; Wang, W.; Goerke, U. -J.; Kolditz, O.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Taron, J.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kolditz, O.] Univ Technol, Dresden, Germany. RP Singh, AK (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. RI Singh, Ashok/I-2436-2016 OI Singh, Ashok/0000-0002-1208-5326 FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the framework of the PROTECT [FZK 03G0797]; CO2BENCH, Special Program GEOTECHNOLOGIEN [FZK 03G0797D] FX We acknowledge the funding by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the framework of the PROTECT (FZK 03G0797) and CO2BENCH (FZK 03G0797D) joint project as a part of the Special Program GEOTECHNOLOGIEN. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2013 VL 37 BP 3901 EP 3910 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.288 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BB7FR UT WOS:000345500504016 ER PT S AU Merrill, M AF Merrill, Matthew BE Dixon, T Yamaji, K TI Depositional Environment as an Indicator of Favorable Regional Sequestration Targets: Examples from the USGS CO2 Storage Resource Assessment SO GHGT-11 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT) CY NOV 18-22, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE depositional environment; carbon dioxide; sequestration; assessment; USGS AB An analysis of the of sealing formations chosen as cap rocks in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage resource assessment reveals certain depositional environments that produce suitable regional scale sequestration seals. The USGS methodology requires low permeability, regional, and homogenous seals of approximately 30 meters thickness for shales and 6 meters thickness for evaporites. Open-shelf marine slope and basin shales, as well as shallow water evaporitic deposits make up a majority of storage formation seals identified in the assessment that meet this criteria. Since adequate cap rock is the limiting component of the reservoir and seal couplet required to sequester CO2, these specific depositional environments are recommended as initial targets for regional-scale sequestration assessments and research. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Merrill, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM mmerrill@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2013 VL 37 BP 4975 EP 4981 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.410 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BB7FR UT WOS:000345500505025 ER PT S AU Blondes, MS Schuenemeyer, JH Drew, LJ Warwick, PD AF Blondes, Madalyn S. Schuenemeyer, John H. Drew, Lawrence J. Warwick, Peter D. BE Dixon, T Yamaji, K TI Probabilistic aggregation of individual assessment units in the US Geological Survey national CO2 sequestration assessment SO GHGT-11 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT) CY NOV 18-22, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE Carbon sequestration; Natural resource assessments; Probabilistic aggregation; Monte Carlo methods AB The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a probabilistic national assessment of CO2 storage resources in similar to 200 storage assessment units (SAUs), and must present results at basin, regional, and national scales. To calculate combined resources with correctly propagated uncertainty requires a probabilistic aggregation procedure in which correlations between SAUs are estimated. A comparison of single- and multiple-stage aggregation methods shows that the former better represents the varied geology within and between basins. Pairwise SAU correlation coefficients are estimated by geologists. If the matrix is not positive semi-definite, it is adjusted. Subsets of the matrix are extracted for basin or regional calculations. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Blondes, Madalyn S.; Drew, Lawrence J.; Warwick, Peter D.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Schuenemeyer, John H.] Southwest Stat Consulting LLC, Cortez, CO 81321 USA. RP Blondes, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mblondes@usgs.gov OI Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2013 VL 37 BP 5110 EP 5117 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.424 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BB7FR UT WOS:000345500505039 ER PT S AU Corum, MD Jones, KB Warwick, PD AF Corum, Margo D. Jones, Kevin B. Warwick, Peter D. BE Dixon, T Yamaji, K TI CO2 Sequestration Potential of Unmineable Coal-State of Knowledge SO GHGT-11 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT) CY NOV 18-22, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE Carbon dioxide; coal; geologic storage assessment; unmineable AB Currently the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) national assessment of geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage resource considers porous sandstones, limestones, and dolomites as potential storage formations. Assessment of an additional potential geologic storage resource within unmineable coal seams was deferred because no consensus exists on what constitutes unmineable coal. Because unmineable coal seams may be considered potential storage resources in future assessments, however, the USGS is researching factors affecting CO2 storage potential in coal. (c) 2013 Battelle Memorial Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Corum, Margo D.; Jones, Kevin B.; Warwick, Peter D.] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Corum, MD (reprint author), USGS, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mcorum@usgs.gov OI Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2013 VL 37 BP 5134 EP 5140 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.428 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BB7FR UT WOS:000345500505042 ER PT S AU Warwick, PD Blondes, MS Brennan, ST Corum, MD Merrill, MD AF Warwick, Peter D. Blondes, Madalyn S. Brennan, Sean T. Corum, Margo D. Merrill, Matthew D. BE Dixon, T Yamaji, K TI US Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resource Assessment of the United States SO GHGT-11 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT) CY NOV 18-22, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE Carbon dioxide; geologic storage assessment; United States AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting geology-based carbon dioxide storage resource evaluations of approximately 40 major sedimentary basins in the United States in order to fulfill some of the requirements of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. Individual storage assessment units (SAUs) within each basin are defined on the basis of geologic and hydrologic characteristics. Summary geologic descriptions of the evaluated basins and SAUs will be published, along with the results of the national assessment and related research. (c) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Warwick, Peter D.; Blondes, Madalyn S.; Brennan, Sean T.; Corum, Margo D.; Merrill, Matthew D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Warwick, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM pwarwick@usgs.gov OI Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2013 VL 37 BP 5275 EP 5279 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.444 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BB7FR UT WOS:000345500505058 ER PT S AU Harrison, RW Tsiolakis, E Stone, BD Lord, A McGeehin, JP Mahan, SA Chirico, P AF Harrison, R. W. Tsiolakis, E. Stone, B. D. Lord, A. McGeehin, J. P. Mahan, S. A. Chirico, P. BE Robertson, AHF Parlak, O Unlugenc, UC TI Late Pleistocene and Holocene uplift history of Cyprus: implications for active tectonics along the southern margin of the Anatolian microplate SO GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ANATOLIA AND THE EASTERNMOST MEDITERRANEAN REGION SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology CY OCT 18-22, 2010 CL Adana, TURKEY ID EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION; LATE QUATERNARY UPLIFT; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; PLATE BOUNDARY; TROODOS MASSIF; KINEMATICS; EVOLUTION; SEISMOTECTONICS; MOTIONS AB The nature of the southern margin of the Anatolian microplate during the Neogene is complex, controversial and fundamental in understanding active plate-margin tectonics and natural hazards in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Our investigation provides new insights into the Late Pleistocene uplift history of Cyprus and the Troodos Ophiolite. We provide isotopic (C-14) and radiogenic (luminescence) dates of outcropping marine sediments in eastern Cyprus that identify periods of deposition during marine isotope stages (MIS) 3, 4, 5 and 6. Past sea-levels indicated by these deposits are c. 95 +/- 25 m higher in elevation than estimates of worldwide eustatic sea-level. An uplift rate of c. 1.8 mm/year and possibly as much as c. 4.1 mm/year in the past c. 26-40 ka is indicated. Holocene marine deposits also occur at elevations higher than those expected for past SL and suggest uplift rates of c. 1.2-2.1 mm/year. MIS-3 marine deposits that crop out in southern and western Cyprus indicate uniform island-wide uplift. We propose a model of tectonic wedging at a plate-bounding restraining bend as a mechanism for Late Pleistocene to Holocene uplift of Cyprus; uplift is accommodated by deformation and seismicity along the margins of the Troodos Ophiolite and re-activation of its low-angle, basal shear zone. C1 [Harrison, R. W.; Stone, B. D.; McGeehin, J. P.; Chirico, P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Tsiolakis, E.] Geol Survey Dept Cyprus, CY-1415 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Lord, A.] Senckenberg Forschungsinst & Nat Museum, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Mahan, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Harrison, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rharriso@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-353-0 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2013 VL 372 BP 561 EP 584 DI 10.1144/SP372.3 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BB5DQ UT WOS:000343703000021 ER PT S AU Brown, JF Pervez, MS AF Brown, Jesslyn F. Pervez, Md. Shahriar GP IEEE TI Variability and Trends in Irrigated and Non-irrigated Croplands in the Central US SO 2013 SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRO-GEOINFORMATICS (AGRO-GEOINFORMATICS) SE International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics) CY AUG 12-16, 2013 CL Fairfax, VA SP George Mason Univ, USDA Natl Inst Food & Agr, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, USDA Natl Agr Stat Serv, Open Geospatial Consortium, Remote Sensing Open Access Journal, Waterborne Environm Inc, Republ Korea, Minist Sci, ICT & Future Planning, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, USDA DE Agriculture; irrigation; remote sensing; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; High Plains Aquifer; geospatial model AB Over 23 million hectares (233 thousand km(2)) of U.S. croplands are irrigated and there was an overall net expansion of 522 thousand hectares nationally from 2002 to 2007. Most of this expansion occurred across the High Plains Aquifer (HPA) in the central Great Plains. Until recently, there has been a lack of geospatially-detailed irrigation data that are consistent, timely, geographically extensive, and periodic to support studies linking agricultural land use change to crop yields, aquifer water use, and other factors. We employed a modeling approach implemented at two time intervals (2002 and 2007) to map irrigated agriculture across the conterminous U. S. at a subcounty spatial detail (250 m(2) spatial resolution). The model integrated U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) county statistics, satellite imagery, and a national land cover map. The geospatial model output, called the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Irrigated Agriculture Dataset for the United States (MIrAD-US), was then used to depict detailed spatial patterns of irrigation change across the HPA from 2002 to 2007. Spatial changes in irrigation may result in shifts in local and regional climate, groundwater depletion, and higher crop yields and farm income. A closer investigation of irrigated corn across the HPA from 2000 to 2012 revealed even more variability through time, underscoring the need for more frequent periodic mapping of irrigated agriculture. C1 [Brown, Jesslyn F.] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA. [Pervez, Md. Shahriar] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Contractor USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Brown, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA. EM jfbrown@usgs.gov; spervez@usgs.gov OI Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-3168 J9 INT CONF AGRO-GEOINF PY 2013 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BB3GY UT WOS:000342772000021 ER PT S AU Hunt, ER Daughtry, CST Mirsky, SB Hively, WD AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Daughtry, Craig S. T. Mirsky, Steven B. Hively, W. Dean GP IEEE TI Remote Sensing with Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Precision Agriculture Applications SO 2013 SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRO-GEOINFORMATICS (AGRO-GEOINFORMATICS) SE International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics) CY AUG 12-16, 2013 CL Fairfax, VA SP George Mason Univ, USDA Natl Inst Food & Agr, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, USDA Natl Agr Stat Serv, Open Geospatial Consortium, Remote Sensing Open Access Journal, Waterborne Environm Inc, Republ Korea, Minist Sci, ICT & Future Planning, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, USDA DE True color photography; color-infrared photography; Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI); Triangular Greenness Index (TGI); nitrogen fertilization ID LEAF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; VISIBLE BAND INDEX; AERIAL VEHICLE; CROP; MANAGEMENT; IMAGERY AB The Federal Aviation Administration is revising regulations for using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in the national airspace. An important potential application of UAS may be as a remote-sensing platform for precision agriculture, but simply down-scaling remote sensing methodologies developed using satellite and high-altitude aircraft platforms will create problems for data analysis. We simulated UAS image acquisition using both commercial and modified digital cameras mounted on an extension pole. The modified digital camera did not have an internal hot-mirror filter and had a red-cut filter to produce blue, green and near-infrared digital images. Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices from the modified camera was best for biomass and cover, whereas the blue, green and red digital cameras were better for estimating leaf chlorophyll content and nitrogen deficiency symptoms. The very small pixel sizes possible with UAS provide considerable information, but spectral methods of analysis are inadequate to extract the information. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Daughtry, Craig S. T.; Mirsky, Steven B.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] United States Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-3168 J9 INT CONF AGRO-GEOINF PY 2013 BP 131 EP 134 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BB3GY UT WOS:000342772000027 ER PT S AU Wauthier, C Cayol, V Poland, M Kervyn, F D'Oreye, N Hooper, A Samsonov, S Tiampo, K Smets, B AF Wauthier, C. Cayol, V. Poland, M. Kervyn, F. D'Oreye, N. Hooper, A. Samsonov, S. Tiampo, K. Smets, B. BE Pyle, DM Mather, TA Biggs, J TI Nyamulagira's magma plumbing system inferred from 15 years of InSAR SO REMOTE SENSING OF VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC PROCESSES: INTEGRATING OBSERVATION AND MODELLING SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM; NEIGHBORHOOD ALGORITHM; GEOPHYSICAL INVERSION; NYAMURAGIRA VOLCANO; SURFACE DEFORMATION; EARTHS SURFACE; WESTERN RIFT; HALF-SPACE; ERUPTION AB Nyamulagira, located in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo on the western branch of the East African rift, is Africa's most active volcano, with an average of one eruption every 3 years since 1938. Owing to the socio-economical context of that region, the volcano lacks ground-based geodetic measurements but has been monitored by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) since 1996. A combination of 3D Mixed Boundary Element Method and inverse modelling, taking into account topography and source interactions, is used to interpret InSAR ground displacements associated with eruptive activity in 1996, 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2010. These eruptions can be fitted by models incorporating dyke intrusions, and some (namely the 2006 and 2010 eruptions) require a magma reservoir beneath the summit caldera. We investigate inter-eruptive deformation with a multi-temporal InSAR approach. We propose the following magma plumbing system at Nyamulagira by integrating numerical deformation models with other available data: a deep reservoir (c. 25 km depth) feeds a shallower reservoir (c. 4 km depth); proximal eruptions are fed from the shallow reservoir through dykes while distal eruptions can be fed directly from the deep reservoir. A dyke-like conduit is also present beneath the upper southeastern flank of Nyamulagira. C1 [Wauthier, C.] Univ Liege, GeMMe Unit, Liege, Belgium. [Wauthier, C.; Kervyn, F.; Smets, B.] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Dept Earth Sci, Tervuren, Belgium. [Cayol, V.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, UMR 6524, OPGC, Lab Magmas & Volcans, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Poland, M.] Hawaiian Volcano Observ, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. [D'Oreye, N.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Geophys Astrophys, Walferdange, Luxembourg. [D'Oreye, N.] European Ctr Geodynam & Seismol, Walferdange, Luxembourg. [Hooper, A.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Geosci & Remote Sensing, Delft, Netherlands. [Samsonov, S.] Western Univ, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON, Canada. [Tiampo, K.] Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. [Smets, B.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Geog, Brussels, Belgium. RP Wauthier, C (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM cwauthier@dtm.ciw.edu RI Tiampo, Kristy/I-1355-2015; OI Tiampo, Kristy/0000-0002-5500-7600; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123; Samsonov, Sergey/0000-0002-6798-4847 NR 78 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-362-2 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2013 VL 380 BP 39 EP 65 DI 10.1144/SP380.9 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB3MC UT WOS:000342848600003 ER PT S AU van Manen, SM Blake, S Dehn, J Valcic, L AF van Manen, S. M. Blake, S. Dehn, J. Valcic, L. BE Pyle, DM Mather, TA Biggs, J TI Forecasting large explosions at Bezymianny Volcano using thermal satellite data SO REMOTE SENSING OF VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC PROCESSES: INTEGRATING OBSERVATION AND MODELLING SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUFRIERE HILLS; REAL-TIME; LAVA DOME; ERUPTION; MONTSERRAT; KAMCHATKA; DEPOSITS; GROWTH; RUSSIA; LASCAR AB Large volcanic explosions pose a severe risk to life and cargo by injecting ash into local and international air traffic routes. Prior to exploding, Bezymianny (Kamchatka) commonly shows an increase in lava extrusion rate, which can be detected by satellites as an increase in thermal radiance. Here we present the first method of forecasting explosive eruptions based solely on satellite data. A pattern recognition algorithm using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data has been developed based on known precursory trends of increasing radiance prior to 19 explosions at Bezymianny Volcano in 1993-2008. The algorithm retrospectively forecasts 89% of the explosions (100% of the explosions that show precursory increases in thermal radiance), with 71% of alerts issued in the 30 days beforehand. The method also provides the probability of an explosion occurring within a given number of days after an alert is triggered by the algorithm. When applied to independent data, the algorithm correctly provided alerts before the 16 December 2009, 31 May 2010 and 13 April 2011 explosions. C1 [van Manen, S. M.; Blake, S.] Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Volcano Dynam Grp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Dehn, J.; Valcic, L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP van Manen, SM (reprint author), Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Volcano Dynam Grp, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM saskia.vanmanen@open.ac.uk NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-362-2 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2013 VL 380 BP 187 EP 201 DI 10.1144/SP380.3 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB3MC UT WOS:000342848600009 ER PT J AU Benjamin, JR Connolly, PJ Romine, JG Perry, R AF Benjamin, Joseph R. Connolly, Patrick J. Romine, Jason G. Perry, RussellW. TI Potential Effects of Changes in Temperature and Food Resources on Life History Trajectories of Juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STREAM TEMPERATURES; ATLANTIC SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; THERMAL HABITAT; SURVIVAL RATES; PACIFIC SALMON AB Increasing temperatures and changes in food resources owing to climate change may alter the growth and migratory behavior of organisms. This is particularly important for salmonid species like Oncorhynchus mykiss, where some individuals remain in freshwater to mature (nonanadromous Rainbow Trout) and others migrate to sea (anadromous Steelhead). Whether one strategy is adopted over the other may depend on the individual's growth and size. In this study, we explored (1) how water temperature in Beaver Creek, a tributary to the Methow River, Washington, may increase under four climate scenarios, (2) how these thermal changes may alter the life history trajectory followed by O. mykiss (i.e., when and if to smolt), and (3) how changes in food quality or quantity might interact with increasing temperatures. We combined bioenergetic and state-dependent life history models parameterized for O. mykiss in Beaver Creek to mimic baseline life history trajectories. Based on our simulations, when mean water temperature was increased by 0.6 degrees C there was a reduction in life history diversity and a 57% increase in the number of individuals becoming smolts. When mean temperature was increased by 2.7 degrees C, it resulted in 87% fewer smolts than in the baseline and fewer life history trajectories expressed. A reduction in food resources led to slower growth, more life history trajectories, and a greater proportion of smolts. In contrast, when food resources were increased, fish grew faster, which reduced the proportion of smolts and life history diversity. Our modeling suggests that warmer water temperatures associated with climate change could decrease the life history diversity of O. mykiss in the central portion of their range and thereby reduce resiliency to other disturbances. In addition, changes in food resources could mediate or exacerbate the effect of water temperature on the life history trajectories of O. mykiss. Received January 9, 2012; accepted September 4, 2012 C1 [Benjamin, Joseph R.; Connolly, Patrick J.; Romine, Jason G.; Perry, RussellW.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Benjamin, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jbenjamin@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Forest Service; Bureau of Reclamation FX We thank Grace Eger, Teresa Fish, Brian Fisher, Kyle Koger, Kyle Martens, and Wesley Tibbits for data collection that made our modeling efforts possible. Ryan Bellmore, Jason Dunham, Jeff Falke, Dan Isaak, Alec Maule, William Satterthwaite, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable discussions or comments (or both) on earlier versions that greatly improved this manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Forest Service, and Bureau of Reclamation. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 208 EP 220 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500019 ER PT S AU Ellwood, BB Lambert, LL Tomkin, JH Bell, GL Nestell, MK Nestell, GP Wardlaw, BR AF Ellwood, Brooks B. Lambert, Lance L. Tomkin, Jonathan H. Bell, Gorden L. Nestell, Merlynd K. Nestell, Galina P. Wardlaw, Bruce R. BE Jovane, L HerreroBervera, E Hinnov, LA Housen, B TI Magnetostratigraphy susceptibility for the Guadalupian series GSSPs (Middle Permian) in Guadalupe Mountains National Park and adjacent areas in West Texas SO MAGNETIC METHODS AND THE TIMING OF GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EIFELIAN-GIVETIAN GSSP; JURASSIC TIME-SCALE; ANTI-ATLAS MOROCCO; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASTRONOMICAL CALIBRATION; CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY MSEC; HEMIPELAGIC SEDIMENTS; BOUNDARY; ROCKS; DEFINITION AB Here we establish a magnetostratigraphy susceptibility zonation for the three Middle Permian Global boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) that have recently been defined, located in Guadalupe Mountains National Park, West Texas, USA. These GSSPs, all within the Middle Permian Guadalupian Series, define (1) the base of the Roadian Stage (base of the Guadalupian Series), (2) the base of the Wordian Stage and (3) the base of the Capitanian Stage. Data from two additional stratigraphic successions in the region, equivalent in age to the Kungurian-Roadian and Wordian-Capitanian boundary intervals, are also reported. Based on low-field, mass specific magnetic susceptibility (chi) measurements of 706 closely spaced samples from these stratigraphic sections and time-series analysis of one of these sections, we (1) define the magnetostratigraphy susceptibility zonation for the three Guadalupian Series Global boundary Stratotype Sections and Points; (2) demonstrate that chi datasets provide a proxy for climate cyclicity; (3) give quantitative estimates of the time it took for some of these sediments to accumulate; (4) give the rates at which sediments were accumulated; (5) allow more precise correlation to equivalent sections in the region; (6) identify anomalous stratigraphic horizons; and (7) give estimates for timing and duration of geological events within sections. C1 [Ellwood, Brooks B.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lambert, Lance L.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Tomkin, Jonathan H.] Univ Illinois, Sch Earth Soc & Environm, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bell, Gorden L.] Great Basin Natl Pk, Baker, NV 89311 USA. [Nestell, Merlynd K.; Nestell, Galina P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Wardlaw, Bruce R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ellwood, BB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ellwood@lsu.edu NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-354-7 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2013 VL 373 BP 375 EP 394 DI 10.1144/SP373.1 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BB3MA UT WOS:000342848300019 ER PT B AU Averyt, K Brekke, LD Busch, DE Kaatz, L Welling, L Hartge, EH AF Averyt, Kristen Brekke, Levi D. Busch, David E. Kaatz, Laurna Welling, Leigh Hartge, Eric H. BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Moving Forward with Imperfect Information SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS; UNCERTAINTIES C1 [Averyt, Kristen] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brekke, Levi D.] US Bur Reclamat, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Busch, David E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Kaatz, Laurna] Denver Water, Denver, CO USA. [Welling, Leigh] Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Hartge, Eric H.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Averyt, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 436 EP 461 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_19 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900019 ER PT B AU Busch, DE Brekke, LD Averyt, K Jardine, A Welling, L AF Busch, David E. Brekke, Levi D. Averyt, Kristen Jardine, Angela Welling, Leigh BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Research Strategies for Addressing Uncertainties SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER; IMPACTS C1 [Busch, David E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Brekke, Levi D.] US Bur Reclamat, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Averyt, Kristen] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jardine, Angela] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Welling, Leigh] Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Busch, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 462 EP 482 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_20 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900020 ER PT B AU Overpeck, J Garfin, G Jardine, A Busch, DE Cayan, D Dettinger, M Fleishman, E Gershunov, A MacDonald, G Redmond, KT Travis, WR Udall, B AF Overpeck, Jonathan Garfin, Gregg Jardine, Angela Busch, David E. Cayan, Dan Dettinger, Michael Fleishman, Erica Gershunov, Alexander MacDonald, Glen Redmond, Kelly T. Travis, William R. Udall, Bradley BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Summary for Decision Makers SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Overpeck, Jonathan; Garfin, Gregg; Jardine, Angela] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Busch, David E.; Dettinger, Michael] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Cayan, Dan; Gershunov, Alexander] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [MacDonald, Glen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Redmond, Kelly T.] Western Reg Climate Ctr, Reno, NV USA. [Redmond, Kelly T.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Travis, William R.; Udall, Bradley] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Overpeck, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_1 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900001 ER PT B AU Theobald, DM Travis, WR Drummond, MA Gordon, ES AF Theobald, David M. Travis, William R. Drummond, Mark A. Gordon, Eric S. BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI The Changing Southwest SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE C1 [Theobald, David M.] Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Travis, William R.; Gordon, Eric S.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Drummond, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. RP Theobald, DM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 37 EP 55 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_3 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900003 ER PT B AU Hoerling, MP Dettinger, M Wolter, K Lukas, J Eischeid, J Nemani, R Liebmann, B Kunkel, KE AF Hoerling, Martin P. Dettinger, Michael Wolter, Klaus Lukas, Jeff Eischeid, Jon Nemani, Rama Liebmann, Brant Kunkel, Kenneth E. BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Present Weather and Climate: Evolving Conditions SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO RIVER; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; NORTH-AMERICA; 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; CHANGING CLIMATE; WATER-RESOURCES; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; SIERRA-NEVADA C1 [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dettinger, Michael] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Dettinger, Michael] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Wolter, Klaus; Lukas, Jeff; Eischeid, Jon; Liebmann, Brant] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nemani, Rama] NASA, Ames, IA USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Hoerling, MP (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 79 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 74 EP 100 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_5 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900005 ER PT B AU Cayan, DR Tyree, M Kunkel, KE Castro, C Gershunov, A Barsugli, J Ray, AJ Overpeck, J Anderson, M Russell, J Rajagopalan, B Rangwala, I Duffy, P AF Cayan, Daniel R. Tyree, Mary Kunkel, Kenneth E. Castro, Chris Gershunov, Alexander Barsugli, Joseph Ray, Andrea J. Overpeck, Jonathan Anderson, Michael Russell, Joellen Rajagopalan, Balaji Rangwala, Imtiaz Duffy, Phil BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Future Climate: Projected Average SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; WINTER CYCLONE FREQUENCIES; MODELING SYSTEM RAMS; WATER-RESOURCES; MONSOON PRECIPITATION; 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; SUMMER CLIMATE; CHANGE IMPACTS; DIURNAL CYCLE C1 [Cayan, Daniel R.; Tyree, Mary; Gershunov, Alexander] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Castro, Chris; Overpeck, Jonathan; Russell, Joellen] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barsugli, Joseph] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ray, Andrea J.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Anderson, Michael] Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rangwala, Imtiaz] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Duffy, Phil] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Cayan, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RI BARSUGLI, JOSEPH/K-3541-2015 OI Russell, Joellen/0000-0001-9937-6056; BARSUGLI, JOSEPH/0000-0002-3078-6396 NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 101 EP 125 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_6 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900006 ER PT B AU Gershunov, A Rajagopalan, B Overpeck, J Guirguis, K Cayan, D Hughes, M Dettinger, M Castro, C Schwartz, RE Anderson, M Ray, AJ Barsugli, J Cavazos, T Alexander, M AF Gershunov, Alexander Rajagopalan, Balaji Overpeck, Jonathan Guirguis, Kristen Cayan, Dan Hughes, Mimi Dettinger, Michael Castro, Chris Schwartz, Rachel E. Anderson, Michael Ray, Andrea J. Barsugli, Joe Cavazos, Tereza Alexander, Michael BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Future Climate: Projected Extremes SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; DAILY PRECIPITATION; NORTH-AMERICA; CALIFORNIA; ENSO; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS; EVENTS; TRENDS C1 [Gershunov, Alexander] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Overpeck, Jonathan; Castro, Chris] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Guirguis, Kristen; Cayan, Dan; Schwartz, Rachel E.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Hughes, Mimi; Ray, Andrea J.; Alexander, Michael] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Dettinger, Michael] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Barsugli, Joe] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cavazos, Tereza] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RP Gershunov, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; BARSUGLI, JOSEPH/K-3541-2015 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; BARSUGLI, JOSEPH/0000-0002-3078-6396 NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 126 EP 147 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_7 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900007 ER PT B AU Fleishman, E Belnap, J Cobb, N Enquist, CAF Ford, K MacDonald, G Pellant, M Schoennagel, T Schmit, LM Schwartz, M van Drunick, S Westerling, AL Keyser, A Lucas, R AF Fleishman, Erica Belnap, Jayne Cobb, Neil Enquist, Carolyn A. F. Ford, Karl MacDonald, Glen Pellant, Mike Schoennagel, Tania Schmit, Lara M. Schwartz, Mark van Drunick, Suzanne Westerling, Anthony LeRoy Keyser, Alisa Lucas, Ryan BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Natural Ecosystems SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT GRASSLAND; CANADIAN ASPEN FORESTS; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; GLOBAL-CHANGE; SONORAN DESERT; PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSE; COLORADO PLATEAU; THOREAUS WOODS C1 [Fleishman, Erica; Schwartz, Mark] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Cobb, Neil; Schmit, Lara M.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Enquist, Carolyn A. F.] Wildlife Soc, USA Natl Phenol Network, Bethesda, MD USA. [Ford, Karl; Pellant, Mike] Bur Land Management, Piqua, OH USA. [MacDonald, Glen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Schoennagel, Tania; van Drunick, Suzanne] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Westerling, Anthony LeRoy; Keyser, Alisa; Lucas, Ryan] Univ Calif, Merced, CA USA. RP Fleishman, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Schwartz, Mark/G-1066-2011 OI Schwartz, Mark/0000-0002-3739-6542 NR 119 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 148 EP 167 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_8 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900008 ER PT B AU Redsteer, MH Bemis, K Chief, K Gautam, M Middleton, BR Tsosie, R AF Redsteer, Margaret Hiza Bemis, Kirk Chief, Karletta Gautam, Mahesh Middleton, Beth Rose Tsosie, Rebecca BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Unique Challenges Facing Southwestern Tribes SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PYRAMID LAKE; CALIFORNIA; KNOWLEDGE; SYSTEMS; NEVADA; HEALTH C1 [Redsteer, Margaret Hiza] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Bemis, Kirk] Zuni Tribe Water Resources Program, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Chief, Karletta] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Middleton, Beth Rose] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tsosie, Rebecca] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Redsteer, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 385 EP 404 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_17 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900017 ER PT S AU Stohlgren, TJ Loope, LL Makarick, LJ AF Stohlgren, Thomas J. Loope, Lloyd L. Makarick, Lori J. BE Foxcroft, LC Pysek, P Richardson, DM Genovesi, P TI Invasive Plants in the United States National Parks SO PLANT INVASIONS IN PROTECTED AREAS: PATTERNS, PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES SE Invading Nature-Springer Series in Invasion Ecology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alien plant species; Early detection; Globalisation; Invasive species control; Non-native species; Preservation; Prevention ID TEMPERATE NATURE-RESERVES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ECONOMIC COSTS; PATTERNS; DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; FIRE; INTRODUCTIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; GRASSLANDS AB Natural area parks managed by the United States National Park Service were established to protect native species and historical (but living) landscapes and scenery, and to provide public enjoyment of the same, as long as the natural area remained "unimpaired for future generations." A growing human population, and a 40-fold increase global trade and transportation may provide the most significant challenge to Park Service management: the invasion of alien plants, animals, and diseases into so called 'protected areas'. General ecological theory suggests that an increase in biological diversity should increase the overall stability of an ecosystem. We provide examples of plant invasions in U.S. National Parks to show that, despite increases in plant diversity, alien plant species are capable of greatly affecting the native species that the parks were established to protect. Furthermore, alien plant species are affecting natural patterns of grazing, disturbance, and nutrient cycling, resulting in decreased habitat quality, perhaps providing less resistance and resilience to natural and anthropogenic stresses such as climate change, land use change, recreation, and future invasions. The primary mission of the National Park Service, protecting native species and ecosystems for present and future generations, may be increasingly difficult due to the continuing invasions of alien organisms. Key elements of an effective invasive plant management programme are identified. C1 [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Loope, Lloyd L.] USGS Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Haleakala Field Stn, Makawao Maui, HI 96768 USA. [Makarick, Lori J.] Grand Canyon Natl Pk, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM stohlgrent@usgs.gov; lll@aloha.net; Lori_Makarick@nps.gov NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-7809 BN 978-94-007-7750-7; 978-94-007-7749-1 J9 INVAD NAT SPRING SER JI Invading Nat.-Springer Ser. Invasion Ecol. PY 2013 VL 7 BP 267 EP 283 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-7750-7_13 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-7750-7 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA9AP UT WOS:000339070100015 ER PT S AU Loope, LL Hughes, RF Meyer, JY AF Loope, Lloyd L. Hughes, R. Flint Meyer, Jean-Yves BE Foxcroft, LC Pysek, P Richardson, DM Genovesi, P TI Plant Invasions in Protected Areas of Tropical Pacific Islands, with Special Reference to Hawaii SO PLANT INVASIONS IN PROTECTED AREAS: PATTERNS, PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES SE Invading Nature-Springer Series in Invasion Ecology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Feral ungulates; Grass-fire cycle; Haleakala National Park; Hawaii Volcanoes National Park; National Park of American Samoa; South-eastern Polynesia ID RAIN-FOREST; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; AMERICAN-SAMOA; EXOTIC GRASSES; MYRICA-FAYA; TREE; FIRE; REMOVAL; REMOTE; ESTABLISHMENT AB Isolated tropical islands are notoriously vulnerable to plant invasions. Serious management for protection of native biodiversity in Hawaii began in the 1970s, arguably at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Concerted alien plant management began there in the 1980s and has in a sense become a model for protected areas throughout Hawaii and Pacific Island countries and territories. We review the relative successes of their strategies and touch upon how their experience has been applied elsewhere. Protected areas in Hawaii are fortunate in having relatively good resources for addressing plant invasions, but many invasions remain intractable, and invasions from outside the boundaries continue from a highly globalised society with a penchant for horticultural novelty. There are likely few efforts in most Pacific Islands to combat alien plant invasions in protected areas, but such areas may often have fewer plant invasions as a result of their relative remoteness and/or socio-economic development status. The greatest current needs for protected areas in this region may be for establishment of yet more protected areas, for better resources to combat invasions in Pacific Island countries and territories, for more effective control methods including biological control programme to contain intractable species, and for meaningful efforts to address prevention and early detection of potential new invaders. C1 [Loope, Lloyd L.] USGS Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Haleakala Field Stn, Makawao Maui, HI 96768 USA. [Hughes, R. Flint] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Meyer, Jean-Yves] Govt French Polynesia, Papeete, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. RP Loope, LL (reprint author), 751 Pelenaka Pl, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. EM lll@aloha.net; fhughes@fs.fed.us; jean-yves.meyer@recherche.gov.pf NR 103 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-7809 BN 978-94-007-7750-7; 978-94-007-7749-1 J9 INVAD NAT SPRING SER JI Invading Nat.-Springer Ser. Invasion Ecol. PY 2013 VL 7 BP 313 EP 348 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-7750-7_15 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-7750-7 PG 36 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA9AP UT WOS:000339070100017 ER PT B AU Jaiswal, KS Wald, DJ AF Jaiswal, K. S. Wald, D. J. BE Tesfamariam, S Goda, K TI Strategies for rapid global earthquake impact estimation: the Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system SO HANDBOOK OF SEISMIC RISK ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE rapid; earthquake impact; fatalities; economic loss; Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) AB This chapter summarizes the state-of-the-art for rapid earthquake impact estimation. It details the needs and challenges associated with quick estimation of earthquake losses following global earthquakes, and provides a brief literature review of various approaches that have been used in the past. With this background, the chapter introduces the operational earthquake loss estimation system developed by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) known as PAGER (for Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response). It also details some of the ongoing developments of PAGER's loss estimation models to better supplement the operational empirical models, and to produce value-added web content for a variety of PAGER users. C1 [Jaiswal, K. S.; Wald, D. J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jaiswal, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kjaiswal@usgs.gov; wald@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85709-898-6; 978-0-85709-268-7 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2013 BP 839 EP 866 DI 10.1533/9780857098986.5.839 D2 10.1533/9780857098986 PG 28 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA3SU UT WOS:000334783200031 ER PT B AU Kelley, KD Benzel, WM Pfaff, K AF Kelley, Karen D. Benzel, William M. Pfaff, Katharina BE Jonsson, E TI Preliminary mineralogy and geochemistry of metal-rich (Mo-Ni-V-Zn) oil shale of the Carboniferous Heath Formation, Montana, USA SO MINERAL DEPOSIT RESEARCH FOR A HIGH-TECH WORLD, VOLS. 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Biennial SGA Meeting on Mineral Deposit Research for a High-Tech World CY AUG 12-15, 2013 CL Geol Survey Sweden, Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Uppsala Univ, Stockholm Univ, Lulea Univ Technol, Geol Survey Finland & Norway, Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Boliden AB, LKAB, Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd, Mawson Resources Ltd, IMA-COM, CODMUR/IAGOD, IGCP/SIDA, SEG HO Geol Survey Sweden DE Black shale; metalliferous oil shale; Mo-V-Ni-Zn enrichments; Heath Formation; Montana ID BLACK SHALES; ORIGINS; ROCKS AB Carbonaceous shales of the Cox Ranch oil shale unit in the Carboniferous Heath Formation in Montana are enriched in Ni, Mo, V, and Zn. These shales are generally thin (1.5 to 18 m thick) but laterally continuous over an area of at least 1000 km(2). Mineralogical data obtained by X-ray diffraction show that quartz, calcite, feldspar (nnicrocline and albite), and clays are major constituents, accompanied by minor to trace amounts of pyrite, apatite, goethite, and sphalerite. Clay minerals are predominantly smectite (33-40%) and illite (1.3 to 4%), although minor kaolinite may be present. QEMSCAN analyses of the oil shale unit indicate that total porosity ranges from 4 to 18% and organic matter from 3 to 33%. New bulk geochemical data from seven drill holes show that Ni, Mo, V, and Zn contents are strongly correlated with total organic carbon (TOC), and correlations between these metals and sulphur are prominent. Low S/C ratios and low Fe contents may suggest that organically bound sulphur was an important component of the rocks. Both XRD and QEMSCAN analyses indicate that Zn is contained mainly in sphalerite. Exact metal residences for V, Ni, and Mo are unresolved, but geochemical correlations and mineralogical analyses suggest that smectite, organic matter, or pyrite (for some Ni), are all important host phases. C1 [Kelley, Karen D.; Benzel, William M.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kelley, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SGU-SVERIGES GEOLOGISKA UNDERSOKNING-GEOLOGY SURVEY SWEDEN PI UPPSALA PA BOX 670, UPPSALA, SE-751 28, SWEDEN BN 978-91-7403-207-9 PY 2013 BP 636 EP 639 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BA8DF UT WOS:000337983900160 ER PT B AU Slack, JF Till, AB Shanks, WC Belkin, HE AF Slack, John F. Till, Alison B. Shanks, Wayne C., III Belkin, Harvey E. BE Jonsson, E TI Aluminous alteration zones related to Stratabound Zn-Pb(-Ag-Au-Ba-F) deposits in Devonian-Carboniferous(?) metasedimentary rocks, northwestern Alaska, USA SO MINERAL DEPOSIT RESEARCH FOR A HIGH-TECH WORLD, VOLS. 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Biennial SGA Meeting on Mineral Deposit Research for a High-Tech World CY AUG 12-15, 2013 CL Geol Survey Sweden, Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Uppsala Univ, Stockholm Univ, Lulea Univ Technol, Geol Survey Finland & Norway, Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Boliden AB, LKAB, Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd, Mawson Resources Ltd, IMA-COM, CODMUR/IAGOD, IGCP/SIDA, SEG HO Geol Survey Sweden DE aluminous alteration; chloritoid; Zn-Pb deposits; Seward Peninsula; Alaska ID HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; COMPLEX; ONTARIO; CHEMISTRY; PETROLOGY; ORIGIN; CANADA AB Alunninous rocks composed of muscovite+ quartz+chloritoid+chlorite+ankerite +/- tourmaline +/- sulphides are spatially associated with stratabound Zn-Pb(-Ag-Au-Ba-F) lenses and deformed veins hosted by Devonian-Carboniferous(?) metasedimentary rocks on Seward Peninsula, northwestern Alaska. Bulk analyses show as much as 20.1 wt % Al2O3, and anomalously high Zn (to 560 ppm), Pb (to 252 ppm), and Sb (to 71 ppm) relative to unaltered clastic metasediments of the study area. The aluminous rocks are further distinguished chemically from surrounding clastic metasediments by mostly lower SiO2/Al2O3 and higher Fe2O3T/MgO ratios. Based on the lack of felsic volcanic rocks in the local Paleozoic sequence and on the absence of euhedral igneous zircons within the aluminous rocks, their protolith is interpreted to be greywacke and not rhyolite. Mass balance calculations show that the aluminous rocks are moderately enriched (10-50%) in Fe, Mn, and K, and are greatly depleted (>50%) in Ca, Na, Sr, and Ba, compared to the average composition of the surrounding clastic metasediments. Oxygen isotope values (delta O-18(SMOW)) for the aluminous rocks range from 13.2 to 18.2 per mil, varying inversely with Al2O3. These data support a model involving the alteration, at ca. 125-210 degrees C, of permeable greywacke by seawater-derived fluids in a sediment-hosted, submarine-hydrothermal system. C1 [Slack, John F.; Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Slack, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SGU-SVERIGES GEOLOGISKA UNDERSOKNING-GEOLOGY SURVEY SWEDEN PI UPPSALA PA BOX 670, UPPSALA, SE-751 28, SWEDEN BN 978-91-7403-207-9 PY 2013 BP 683 EP 686 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BA8DF UT WOS:000337983900172 ER PT B AU Meinert, LD AF Meinert, Lawrence D. BE Jonsson, E TI A brief history of skarn SO MINERAL DEPOSIT RESEARCH FOR A HIGH-TECH WORLD, VOLS. 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Biennial SGA Meeting on Mineral Deposit Research for a High-Tech World CY AUG 12-15, 2013 CL Geol Survey Sweden, Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Uppsala Univ, Stockholm Univ, Lulea Univ Technol, Geol Survey Finland & Norway, Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Boliden AB, LKAB, Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd, Mawson Resources Ltd, IMA-COM, CODMUR/IAGOD, IGCP/SIDA, SEG HO Geol Survey Sweden DE Sweden; Skarn; History ID ZN-PB; FLUID EVOLUTION; DEPOSITS; JAPAN; MINE; DISTRICT; ZONATION; ISOTOPE; BINGHAM; NEVADA AB Skarns have been mined for millennia, and studied for centuries. Much of that history was centered in Sweden and then spread to the rest of the world with the development of new deposits, techniques, and equipment. Skarns are defined by their mineralogy and classified by their economic metal content. They can occur in almost any rock type and form from a variety of metamorphic, metasomatic, and hydrothermal processes. There are correlations between skarn type, petrology of associated intrusions, and tectonic setting. The understanding of skarn deposits has evolved from field-based studies in the early 20th Century, through theoretical and experimental studies in the mid 20th Century, to a modern state that combines field, petrologic, mineralogic, and geochennical studies in the latter part of the 20th Century and continuing to the present. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Meinert, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 913, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM Lmeinert@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SGU-SVERIGES GEOLOGISKA UNDERSOKNING-GEOLOGY SURVEY SWEDEN PI UPPSALA PA BOX 670, UPPSALA, SE-751 28, SWEDEN BN 978-91-7403-207-9 PY 2013 BP 1532 EP 1534 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BA8DF UT WOS:000337983900385 ER PT J AU Galloway, DL Sneed, M AF Galloway, Devin L. Sneed, Michelle TI Analysis and simulation of regional subsidence accompanying groundwater abstraction and compaction of susceptible aquifer systems in the USA SO BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD GEOLOGICA MEXICANA LA English DT Article AB Regional aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence accompanying groundwater abstraction in susceptible aquifer systems in the USA is a challenge for managing groundwater resources and mitigating associated hazards. Developments in the assessment of regional subsidence provide more information to constrain analyses and simulation of aquifer-system compaction. Current popular approaches to simulating vertical aquifer-system deformation (compaction), such as those embodied in the aquitard drainage model and the MODFLOW subsidence packages, have proven useful from the perspective of regional groundwater resources assessment. However, these approaches inadequately address related local-scale hazards-ground ruptures and damages to engineered structures on the land surface arising from tensional stresses and strains accompanying groundwater abstraction. This paper presents a brief overview of the general approaches taken by the U. S. Geological Survey toward understanding aquifer-system compaction and subsidence with regard to a) identifying the affected aquifer systems; b) making regional assessments; c) analyzing the governing processes; and d) simulating historical and future groundwater flow and subsidence conditions. Limitations and shortcomings of these approaches, as well as future challenges also are discussed. C1 [Galloway, Devin L.; Sneed, Michelle] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Galloway, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. EM dlgallow@usgs.gov OI Galloway, Devin/0000-0003-0904-5355 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO, INST GEOGRAFIA PI COYOACAN C P PA CIUDAD UNIV, FAC ECONOMIA, CIRCUITO INTEROR S-N, 1ER PISO, EDIFICIO B, COYOACAN C P, 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-3322 J9 B SOC GEOL MEX JI Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex. PY 2013 VL 65 IS 1 BP 123 EP 136 PG 14 WC Geology SC Geology GA 154HZ UT WOS:000319666300011 ER PT J AU Walker, LR Sikes, DS Degange, AR Jewett, SC Michaelson, G Talbot, SL Talbot, SS Wang, B Williams, JC AF Walker, Lawrence R. Sikes, Derek S. Degange, Anthony R. Jewett, Stephen C. Michaelson, Gary Talbot, Sandra L. Talbot, Stephen S. Wang, Bronwen Williams, Jeffrey C. TI Biological legacies: Direct early ecosystem recovery and food web reorganization after a volcanic eruption in Alaska SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; arthropods; biological legacy; food web; Kasatochi Island; primary succession; volcano ID KASATOCHI ISLAND VOLCANO; LONG-TERM RECOVERY; MOUNT ST-HELENS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; VEGETATION; COMMUNITY; SUCCESSION; ECOLOGY; TERRESTRIAL; DISTURBANCE AB Attempts to understand how communities assemble following a disturbance are challenged by the difficulty of determining the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes. Biological legacies, which result from organisms that survive a disturbance, can favour deterministic processes in community assembly and improve predictions of successional trajectories. Recently disturbed ecosystems are often so rapidly colonized by propagules that the role of biological legacies is obscured. We studied biological legacies on a remote volcanic island in Alaska following a devastating eruption where the role of colonization from adjacent communities was minimized. The role of biological legacies in the near shore environment was not clear, because although some kelp survived, they were presumably overwhelmed by the many vagile propagules in a marine environment. The legacy concept was most applicable to terrestrial invertebrates and plants that survived in remnants of buried soil that were exposed by post-eruption erosion. If the legacy concept is extended to include ex situ survival by transient organisms, then it was also applicable to the island's thousands of seabirds, because the seabirds survived the eruption by leaving the island and have begun to return and rebuild their nests as local conditions improve. Our multi-trophic examination of biological legacies in a successional context suggests that the relative importance of biological legacies varies with the degree of destruction, the availability of colonizing propagules, the spatial and temporal scales under consideration, and species interactions. Understanding the role of biological legacies in community assembly following disturbances can help elucidate the relative importance of colonists versus survivors, the role of priority effects among the colonists, convergence versus divergence of successional trajectories, the influence of spatial heterogeneity, and the role of island biogeographical concepts. C1 [Walker, Lawrence R.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Sikes, Derek S.] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Degange, Anthony R.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Wang, Bronwen] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Jewett, Stephen C.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Michaelson, Gary] Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Talbot, Stephen S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Williams, Jeffrey C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Walker, LR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Box 454004,4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM walker@unlv.nevada.edu FU North Pacific Research Board; US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board, the US Geological Survey, the National Science Foundation Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research Alaska program, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Logistical support was provided by L. Spitler of the US Fish and Wildlife Service on Adak and the M/V Tiglax, captained by B. Pepper. We thank A. Fjellberg for identification of Collembola, K. Pike for identification of aphids, and D. O'Brien and A. Baltensperger for their work with stable isotopes of insect food webs. M. Whalen provided valuable assistance with the figures. P. Bellingham and C. Mulder provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 27 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON CHARLES-EUGENE MARCHAND, LOCAL 0166, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2013 VL 20 IS 3 BP 240 EP 251 DI 10.2980/20-3-3603 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI3TG UT WOS:000336785700004 ER PT J AU von Behren, C Dietrich, A Yeakley, JA AF von Behren, Christa Dietrich, Andrew Yeakley, J. Alan TI Riparian vegetation assemblages and associated landscape factors across an urbanizing metropolitan area SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pacific Northwest; plant diversity; plant ecology; riparian forest; urban ecology; urban watersheds ID LAND-USE; SPECIES-RICHNESS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MEDITERRANEAN RIVERS; FOREST FRAGMENTS; SPATIAL SCALES; RURAL GRADIENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; URBANIZATION; OREGON AB While diverse, native riparian vegetation provides important functions, it remains unclear to what extent these assemblages can persist in urban areas, and under what conditions. We characterized forested riparian vegetation communities across an urbanizing metropolitan area and examined their relationships with surrounding land cover. We hypothesized that native and hydrophilic species assemblages would correlate with forest cover in the landscape. For each of 30 sites in the Portland-Vancouver metro area, we recorded vegetation at 1-cm intervals along 3 transects using the line-intercept method. Land cover was characterized at 2 scales: within 500 m of each site and across the entire watershed. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate relationships between species composition and land cover patterns. A classification tree was created to determine landscape predictors of riparian community type. Results indicated a strong relationship between watershed land cover and vegetation diversity and structural complexity. Our hypothesis of native species association with landscape forest cover in urban riparian areas was supported, but we found no clear relationship between land cover and wetland indicator status. Our results suggest that high watershed forest cover (at least 15%) may enable the persistence of functionally diverse, native riparian vegetation communities in urban landscapes. C1 [von Behren, Christa; Dietrich, Andrew; Yeakley, J. Alan] Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Dietrich, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP von Behren, C (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM christav@pdx.edu FU United States Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; National Science Foundation [GK-12] FX Primary funding support was provided by an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant from the United States Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. Additional support came from a National Science Foundation GK-12 Doctoral Fellowship for C. von Behren. We are grateful to S. Kidd and Y. Pan for assistance with statistical analysis, field technicians J. Herrera, B. Burton, S. Zhao, M. Mao, and W. Kerney. We thank two anonymous reviewers and H. Asselin for constructive comments that improved the manuscript. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 23 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON CHARLES-EUGENE MARCHAND, LOCAL 0166, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2013 VL 20 IS 4 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.2980/20-4-3635 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI3TJ UT WOS:000336786100007 ER PT S AU Montgomery, ET Sherwood, CR AF Montgomery, Ellyn T. Sherwood, Christopher R. GP IEEE TI Studying seafloor bedforms using autonomous stationary imaging and profiling sonars SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE sonar; sea floor bedforms; sediment transport AB The Sediment Transport Group at the U. S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center uses downward looking sonars deployed on seafloor tripods to assess and measure the formation and migration of bedforms. The sonars have been used in three resolution-testing experiments, and deployed autonomously to observe changes in the seafloor for up to two months in seven field experiments since 2002. The sonar data are recorded concurrently with measurements of waves and currents to: a) relate bedform geometry to sediment and flow characteristics; b) assess hydrodynamic drag caused by bedforms; and c) estimate bedform sediment transport rates, all with the goal of evaluating and improving numerical models of these processes. Our hardware, data processing methods, and test and validation procedures have evolved since 2001. We now employ a standard sonar configuration that provides reliable data for correlating flow conditions with bedform morphology. Plans for the future are to sample more rapidly and improve the precision of our tripod orientation measurements. C1 [Montgomery, Ellyn T.; Sherwood, Christopher R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02556 USA. RP Montgomery, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02556 USA. EM emontgomery@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165801077 ER PT B AU George, DL AF George, D. L. BE Dawson, C Gerritsen, M TI Modeling Hazardous, Free-Surface Geophysical Flows with Depth-Averaged Hyperbolic Systems and Adaptive Numerical Methods SO COMPUTATIONAL CHALLENGES IN THE GEOSCIENCES SE IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; FINITE-VOLUME METHODS; WELL-BALANCED SCHEME; FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES; SOURCE TERMS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL TERRAIN; RIEMANN SOLVERS; NONCONSERVATIVE PRODUCTS; VARIABLE TOPOGRAPHY AB The mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of gravity-driven, free-surface geophysical flows-such as tsunamis, water floods, and debris flows-are described. These shallow flows are often modeled with two-dimensional depth-averaged equations that possess similar mathematical structure: they are usually nonconservative hyperbolic systems with source terms. Some numerical challenges presented by these systems, particularly with regard to features common to depth-averaged models for flow over topography, are highlighted. The open-source software package GEOCLAW incorporates numerical algorithms designed to tackle many of the common difficulties presented by depth-averaged models, particularly for large multiscale problems featuring inundation influenced by topography. Some simulation results for tsunamis, floods, and debris flows highlight the capabilities of GEOCLAW. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP George, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM dgeorge@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-7434-0; 978-1-4614-7433-3 J9 IMA VOL MATH APPL PY 2013 VL 156 BP 25 EP 48 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-7434-0_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-7434-0 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Geology; Mathematics GA BA1FG UT WOS:000332423700004 ER PT J AU Ewing, R Hamidi, S Gallivan, F Nelson, AC Grace, JB AF Ewing, Reid Hamidi, Shima Gallivan, Frank Nelson, Arthur C. Grace, James B. TI Combined Effects of Compact Development, Transportation Investments, and Road User Pricing on Vehicle Miles Traveled in Urbanized Areas SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID BUILT ENVIRONMENT; DEMAND; ELASTICITIES; DESIGN AB Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is the primary determinant of traffic congestion, vehicle crashes, greenhouse gas emissions, and other effects of transportation. Two previous studies have sought to explain VMT levels in urbanized areas. This study updates and expands on previous work with more recent data, additional metrics, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to explain VMT levels in 315 urbanized areas. According to SEM, population, income, and gasoline prices are primary exogenous drivers of VMT. Development density is a primary endogenous driver. Urbanized areas with more freeway capacity are significantly less dense and have significantly higher VMT per capita. Areas with more transit service coverage and service frequency have higher development densities and per capita transit use, which leads to lower VMT per capita. The indirect effect of transit on VMT through land use, the so-called land use multiplier, is more than three times greater than the direct effect through transit ridership. C1 [Ewing, Reid; Hamidi, Shima; Nelson, Arthur C.] Univ Utah, Coll Architecture & Planning, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. [Gallivan, Frank] ICF Int, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ewing, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Coll Architecture & Planning, 220 AAC,375 South 1530 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. EM ewing@arch.utah.edu RI Hamidi, Shima/D-9363-2014 OI Hamidi, Shima/0000-0001-6717-5700 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2013 IS 2397 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.3141/2397-14 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA AE3HN UT WOS:000333867700014 ER PT J AU Berry, KH Yee, JL Coble, AA Perry, WM Shields, TA AF Berry, Kristin H. Yee, Julie L. Coble, Ashley A. Perry, William M. Shields, Timothy A. TI MULTIPLE FACTORS AFFECT A POPULATION OF AGASSIZ'S DESERT TORTOISE (GOPHERUS AGASSIZII) IN THE NORTHWESTERN MOJAVE DESERT SO HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Denuded areas; Ordnance; Predators; Roads ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; MYCOPLASMA-TESTUDINEUM; SUBSIDIZED PREDATORS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; COMMON RAVENS; USA; MILITARY; ECOLOGY; LANDS; RISK AB Numerous factors have contributed to declines in populations of the federally threatened Agassiz's Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) and continue to limit recovery. In 2010, we surveyed a low-density population on a military test facility in the northwestern Mojave Desert of California, USA, to evaluate population status and identify potential factors contributing to distribution and low densities. Estimated densities of live tortoises ranged spatially from 1.2/km(2) to 15.1/km(2). Although only one death of a breeding-age tortoise was recorded for the 4-yr period prior to the survey, remains of 16 juvenile and immature tortoises were found, and most showed signs of predation by Common Ravens (Corvus corax) and mammals. Predation may have limited recruitment of young tortoises into the adult size classes. To evaluate the relative importance of different types of impacts to tortoises, we developed predictive models for spatially explicit densities of tortoise sign and live tortoises using topography (i.e., slope), predators (Common Raven, signs of mammalian predators), and anthropogenic impacts (distances from paved road and denuded areas, density of ordnance fragments) as covariates. Models suggest that densities of tortoise sign increased with slope and signs of mammalian predators and decreased with Common Ravens, while also varying based on interaction effects involving these predictors as well as distances from paved roads, denuded areas, and ordnance. Similarly, densities of live tortoises varied by interaction effects among distances to denuded areas and paved roads, density of ordnance fragments, and slope. Thus multiple factors predict the densities and distribution of this population. C1 [Berry, Kristin H.; Coble, Ashley A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Yee, Julie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Perry, William M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Berry, KH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 21803 Cactus Ave,Suite F, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. EM kristin_berry@usgs.gov FU USGS; USFWS [TE-006556-16]; CADFG [801063-04, SC-003623] FX We thank T. Bailey, C. Bedwell, J. Boswell, C. Furman, S. Hanner, C. Hatton, T. Hockin, and S. Moore for assistance with surveys. Reviews from B. J. Halstead, C. Darst, S. Jones, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. The support of NAWS, S. Newman, T. Campbell, and UXO specialists M. Woodward, D. Underwood, and K. Seaman was essential to the project. KHB held scientific research permits from the USFWS (TE-006556-16) and CADFG (801063-04, SC-003623) under approved USGS study plans and animal care and use protocols. Funding was provided by the USGS. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 32 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0733-1347 EI 1938-5137 J9 HERPETOL MONOGR JI Herpetol. Monogr. PY 2013 VL 27 BP 87 EP 109 DI 10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-13-00002 PG 23 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AC6XW UT WOS:000332670700004 ER PT S AU Nagler, PL Glenn, EP Morino, K Hultine, KR AF Nagler, P. L. Glenn, E. P. Morino, K. Hultine, K. R. BE Steppe, K TI Phreatophytes under Stress: Review of Studies on Transpiration and Stomatal Conductance of Tamarix across a Western US Floodplain SO IX INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SAP FLOW SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Sap Flow CY JUN 04-07, 2013 CL Ghent, BELGIUM SP Int Soc Hort Sci DE evapotranspiration; tamarisk; riparian ecology; water salvage sap flux measurements ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; WATER-USE; SPP.; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VEGETATION AB Transpiration (E-L) and stomatal conductance (G(S)) were measured with stem heat-balance and Granier sap flux sensors on the dominant phreatophyte, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), growing at six sites on a floodplain on the Lower Colorado River, US. Plant-specific leaf area index (LAPS) of shrubs was measured by leaf harvesting and Licor 2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer, and fractional cover (f(c)) was estimated by aerial imagery. Ground-area transpiration (E-G) was calculated as E-L x LAPS x f(c). The sites presented environmental gradients with respect to distance from the river (0.2-1.5 km), depth to groundwater (2.4-3.5 m), groundwater salinity [1.9-24.0 g L-1 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)] and soil texture (ranging from sand to clayey silts). E-L varied from 1-3 mm m(-1) leaf d(-1) across sites, while LAPS ranged more narrowly, from 2-4, and f(c) varied from 0.5-0.95. Due to differences in E-L, LAPS and f(c), E-G ranged from 1.2-9.5 mm d(-1), nearly a 10-fold range. Only one site had E-G characteristic of unstressed condition. We concluded that saltcedar is capable of high E-G rates, but is also a stress adapted species, with E-G highly variable over non-flooding riparian zones typical of regulated rivers. Salinity of the aquifer and vadose zone were identified as key constraints on saltcedar E-G. Mean E-G over the floodplain was only 40% of potential ET, contrary to earlier assumptions that saltcedar is invariably a high-water use plant. C1 [Nagler, P. L.] Univ Arizona, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Glenn, E. P.] Univ Arizona, Dep Soil, DepWater & Environm Sci, Environm Res lab, Tucson, AZ 85641 USA. [Morino, K.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85641 USA. [Hultine, K. R.] Desesrt Botan Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66055-06-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2013 VL 991 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BA1GP UT WOS:000332514600007 ER PT S AU Machette, MN Thompson, RA Marchetti, DW Smith, RSU AF Machette, Michael N. Thompson, Ren A. Marchetti, David W. Smith, Roger S. U. BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI Evolution of ancient Lake Alamosa and integration of the Rio Grande during the Pliocene and Pleistocene SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTH-CENTRAL COLORADO; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; PRODUCTION-RATES; UTAH; USA; CLIMATE; MEXICO; FLOWS; FIELD; RIFT AB From Pliocene to middle Pleistocene time, a large lake occupied most of the San Luis Valley above 2300 m elevation (7550 ft) in southern Colorado. This ancient lake accumulated sediments of the Alamosa Formation (Siebenthal, 1910), for which the lake is herein named. The existence of this lake was first postulated in 1822 and proven in 1910 from well logs. At its maximum extent of nearly 4000 km(2), it was one of the largest high-altitude lakes in North America, similar to but larger than Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico. Lake Alamosa persisted for similar to 3 m.y., expanding and contracting and filling the valley with sediment until ca. 430 ka, when it overtopped a low sill and cut a deep gorge through Oligocene volcanic rocks in the San Luis Hills and drained to the south. As the lake drained, nearly 100 km(3) (81 x 10(6) acre-ft or more) of water coursed southward and flowed into the Rio Grande, entering at what is now the mouth of the Red River. The key to this new interpretation is the discovery of ancient shoreline deposits, including spits, barrier bars, and lagoon deposits nestled among bays and in backwater positions on the northern margin of the San Luis Hills, southeast of Alamosa, Colorado. Alluvial and lacustrine sediment nearly filled the basin prior to the lake's overflow, which occurred ca. 430 ka as estimated from He-3 surface-exposure ages of 431 +/- 6 ka and 439 +/- 6 ka on a shoreline basalt boulder, and from strongly developed relict calcic soils on barrier bars and spits at 2330-2340 m (7645-7676 ft), which is the lake's highest shoreline elevation. Overtopping of the lake's hydrologic sill was probably driven by high lake levels at the close of marine oxygen-isotope stage (OIS) 12 (452-427 ka), one of the most extensive middle Pleistocene glacial episodes on the North American continent. Hydrologic modeling of stream inflow during full-glacial-maximum conditions suggests that Lake Alamosa could fill at modern precipitation amounts if the mean annual temperature were just 5 degrees C (10 degrees F) cooler, or could fill at modern temperatures with 1.5 times current mean annual precipitation. Thus, during pluvial epochs the lake would rise to successively higher levels owing to sedimentation; finally during OIS 12, the lake overflowed and spilled to the south. The integration of the upper (Colorado) and lower (New Mexico) reaches of the Rio Grande expanded the river's drainage basin by nearly 18,000 km(2) and added recharge areas in the high-altitude, glaciated San Juan Mountains, southern Sawatch Range, and northern Sangre de Cristo Mountains. This large increase in mountainous drainage influenced the river's dynamics downstream in New Mexico through down-cutting and lowering of water tables in the southern part of the San Luis Valley. C1 [Machette, Michael N.; Thompson, Ren A.] US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Marchetti, David W.] Western State Coll Colorado, Dept Nat & Environm Sci, Gunnison, CO 81231 USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1130/2013.2494(01) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600002 ER PT S AU Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS AF Hudson, Mark R. Grauch, V. J. S. BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI New Perspectives on Rio Grande Rift Basins: From Tectonics to Groundwater Introduction SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID COLORADO PLATEAU; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; HEAT-FLOW; LITHOSPHERE; ANOMALIES; EVOLUTION; BOUNDARY; LARAMIDE; BENEATH C1 [Hudson, Mark R.; Grauch, V. J. S.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hudson, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP V EP XII DI 10.1130/2013.2494(00) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 8 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600001 ER PT S AU Armstrong, C Dutrow, BL Henry, DJ Thompson, RA AF Armstrong, Corine Dutrow, Barbara L. Henry, Darrell J. Thompson, Ren A. BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI Provenance of volcanic clasts from the Santa Fe Group, Culebra graben of the San Luis Basin, Colorado: A guide to tectonic evolution SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEAVY-MINERAL ANALYSIS; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; JUAN-MOUNTAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; AGE-SPECTRA; GEOCHEMISTRY; SANDSTONES; MAGMAS; THERMOMETERS; COMPLEX AB Volcanic clasts incorporated in the lower portion of the Tertiary Santa Fe Group sedimentary rocks of the Culebra graben, San Luis Basin, Colorado, provide constraints on the timing of regional tectonic events by provenance determination. Based on currently exposed volcanic terrains, possible clast sources include Spanish Peaks and Mount Mestas to the east, the San Juan volcanic field to the west, and the Thirty-nine Mile volcanic field, a remnant of the Central Colorado volcanic field, to the north and east of the San Luis Basin. Provenance was determined by a variety of geochemical, mineral chemical, and geochronologic data. Large porphyritic Santa Fe Group volcanic clasts are potassic with a wide compositional range from potassic trachybasalt to rhyolite. The whole-rock chemistry of the Culebra graben clasts is similar to that of the Thirtynine Mile and San Juan volcanic fields. Culebra graben amphibole and biotite chemistry is generally consistent with that of rocks of the San Juan volcanic field, but not with Spanish Peaks samples. Trace-element data of Culebra graben volcanic clasts overlap with those of the San Juan and Thirty nine Mile volcanic fields, but differ from those of the Mount Mestas. Thermobarometric calculations using mineral chemistry suggest that many Culebra graben rocks underwent a three-stage crystallization history: similar to 1120 degrees C at 7-10 kbar, similar to 1100 degrees C at 2.3-4.6 kbar, and hornblende formation similar to 800 degrees C at 3 kbar. Within the Culebra graben clasts, zircon rim U-Pb geochronologic systematics as well as amphibole and biotite Ar-40/Ar-39 plateau data yield ages ranging from 36 to 29 Ma. These ages are consistent with ages of the Thirtynine Mile volcanic field (36-27 Ma) and the Conejos Formation of the San Juan volcanic field (35-29 Ma), but predate Spanish Peaks (ca. 27-21 Ma) and Mount Mestas (ca. 25 Ma). Based on these data, Spanish Peaks and Mount Mestas are excluded as potential source areas for the Santa Fe Group volcanic clasts in the Culebra graben. The San Juan volcanic field is also an unlikely source due to the distance from the depositional site, the inconsistent paleo-current directions, and the pressure-temperw Hrt. conditions of the rocks. The most likely scenario is that the Central Colorado volcanic ficid originally extended proximal to the current location of the Culebra graben and local delivery of volcanic clasts was from the north and northeast prior to the uplift of the Culebra Range and Sangre de Cristo Mountains. C1 [Armstrong, Corine; Dutrow, Barbara L.; Henry, Darrell J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Thompson, Ren A.] US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Armstrong, C (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP 21 EP 45 DI 10.1130/2013.2494(02) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 25 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600003 ER PT S AU Ruleman, CA Thompson, RA Shroba, RR Anderson, M Drenth, BJ Rotzien, J Lyon, J AF Ruleman, C. A. Thompson, R. A. Shroba, R. R. Anderson, M. Drenth, B. J. Rotzien, J. Lyon, J. BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI Late Miocene-Pleistocene evolution of a Rio Grande rift subbasin, Sunshine Valley-Costilla Plain, San Luis Basin, New Mexico and Colorado SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHERN NEW-MEXICO; VOLCANIC FIELD; FRONT RANGE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRAIN; POTASSIUM-ARGON; AGES; PINEDALE; EXPRESSION; MOUNTAINS; TERRACES AB The Sunshine Valley Costilla Plain, a structural subbasin of the greater San Luis Basin of the northern Rio Grande rift, is bounded to the north and south by the San Luis Hills and the Red River fault zone, respectively. Surficial mapping, neotectonic investigations, geochronology, and geophysics demonstrate that the structural, volcanic, and geomorphic evolution of the basin involves the intermingling of climatic cycles and spatially and temporally varying tectonic activity of the Rio Grande rift system. Tectonic activity has transferred between range-bounding and intrabasin faults creating relict landforms of higher tectonic-activity rates along the mountain-piedmont junction. Pliocene Pleistocene average long-term slip rates along the southern Sangre de Cristo fault zone range between 0.1 and 0.2 mm/year with late Pleistocene slip rates approximately half (0.06 mm/year) of the longer Quaternary slip rate. During the late Pleistocene, climatic influences have been dominant over tectonic influences on mountain-front geomorphic processes. Geomorphic evidence suggests that this once-closed subbasin was integrated into the Rio Grande prior to the integration of the once-closed northern San Luis Basin, north of the San Luis Hills, Colorado; however, deep canyon incision, north of the Red River and south of the San Luis Hills, initiated relatively coeval to the integration of the northern San Luis Basin. Long-term projections of slip rates applied to a 1.6 km basin depth defined from geophysical modeling suggests that rifling initiated within this subbasin between 20 and 10 Ma. Geologic mapping and geophysical interpretations reveal a complex network of northwest-, northeast-, and north-south trending faults. Northwest- and northeast-trending faults show dual polarity and are crosscut by north-south-trending faults. This structural model possibly provides an analog for how some intracontinental rift structures evolve through C1 [Ruleman, C. A.; Thompson, R. A.; Shroba, R. R.; Drenth, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Anderson, M.; Rotzien, J.; Lyon, J.] Colorado Coll, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. RP Ruleman, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP 47 EP 73 DI 10.1130/2013.2494(03) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 27 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600004 ER PT S AU Drenth, BJ Grauch, VJS Rodriguez, BD AF Drenth, Benjamin J. Grauch, V. J. S. Rodriguez, Brian D. BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI Geophysical constraints on Rio Grande rift structure in the central San Luis Basin, Colorado and New Mexico SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LATIR VOLCANIC FIELD; NORTHERN NEW-MEXICO; QUESTA CALDERA; MAGNETIC-ANOMALIES; GRAVITY; SEDIMENTATION; EXPRESSION; REDUCTION; MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION AB Interpretation of gravity, aeromagnetic, and magnetotelluric (MT) data reveals patterns of rifting, rift-sediment thicknesses, distribution of pre-rift volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and distribution of syn-rift volcanic rocks in the central San Luis Basin, one of the northernmost major basins that make up the Rio Grande rift. Rift-sediment thicknesses for the central San Luis Basin determined from a three-dimensional gravity inversion indicate that syn-rift Santa Fe Group sediments have a maximum thickness of similar to 2 km in the Sanchez graben near the eastern margin of the basin along the central Sangre de Cristo fault zone, and reach nearly 1 km within the Monte Vista graben near the western basin margin along the San Juan Mountains. In between, Santa Fe Group thickness is negligible under the San Luis Hills and estimated to reach similar to 1.1 km under the Costilla Plains (although no independent thickness constraints exist, and a range of thicknesses of 600 m to 2 km is geophysically reasonable). From combined geophysical and geologic considerations, pre-rift, dominantly sedimentary rocks appear to increase in thickness from none in the Sanchez graben on the east to perhaps 800 m under the San Luis Hills on the west. The pre-rift rocks are most likely early Tertiary in age, but the presence of Mesozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks cannot be ruled out. Geophysical data provide new evidence that an isolated exposure of Proterozoic rocks on San Pedro Mesa is rooted in the Precambrian basement. This narrow, north-south-trending basement high has similar to 2 km of positive relief with respect to the base of the Sanchez graben, and separates the graben from the structural depression beneath the Costilla Plains. A structural high composed of pre-rift rocks, long inferred to extend from under the San Luis Hills to the Taos Plateau, is confirmed and found to be denser than previously believed, with little or no overlying Santa Fe Group sediments. Major faults in the study area are delineated by geophysical data and models; these faults include significant vertical offsets (>= 1 km) of Precambrian rocks along the central and southern zones of the Sangre de Cristo fault system. Other faults with similarly large offsets of the Santa Fe Group include a fault bounding the western margin of San Pedro Mesa, and other faults that bound the Monte Vista graben in an area previously assumed to be a simple hinge zone at the western edge of the San Luis Basin. A major north-south trending structure with expression in gravity and MT data occurs at the boundary between the Costilla Plains and the San Luis Hills structural high. Although it has been interpreted as a down-to-the-east normal fault or fault zone, our modeling suggests that it also is likely related to pre-rift tectonics. Aeromagnetic anomalies over much of the area are interpreted to mainly reflect variations of remanent magnetic polarity and burial depth of the 5.3-3.7 Ma Servilleta Basalt of the Taos Plateau volcanic field. Magnetic-source depth estimates are interpreted to indicate patterns of subsidence following eruption of the basalt, with maximum subsidence in the Sanchez graben. C1 [Drenth, Benjamin J.; Grauch, V. J. S.; Rodriguez, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Drenth, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 86 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP 75 EP 99 DI 10.1130/2013.2494(04) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 25 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600005 ER PT S AU Kelley, SA Kempter, KA McIntosh, WC Maldonado, F Smith, GA Connell, SD Koning, DJ Whiteis, J AF Kelley, Shari A. Kempter, Kirt A. McIntosh, William C. Maldonado, Florian Smith, Gary A. Connell, Sean D. Koning, Daniel J. Whiteis, Jennifer BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI Syndepositional deformation and provenance of Oligocene to Lower Miocene sedimentary rocks along the western margin of the Rio Grande rift, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESPINASO FORMATION; COLORADO PLATEAU; EVOLUTION; STRATIGRAPHY; EXTENSION; GEOLOGY; SAND; AGES; USA AB Two Oligocene conglomeratic units, one primarily nonvolcaniclastic and the other volcaniclastic, are preserved on the west side of the Jemez Mountains beneath the 14 Ma to 40 ka lavas and tuffs of the Jemez Mountains volcanic field. Thickness changes in these conglomeratic units across major normal fault zones, particularly in the southwestern Jemez Mountains, suggest that the western margin of the Rio Grande rift was active in this area (luring Oligocene time. Furthermore, soft-sediment deformation and stratal thickening in the overlying Abiquiu Formation adjacent to the western boundary faults are indicative of syndepositional normal-fault activity during late Oligocene-early Miocene time. The primarily nonvolcaniclastic Oligocene conglomerate, which was derived from erosion of Proterozoic basement-cored Laramide highlands, is exposed in the northwestern Jemez Mountains, southern Tusas Mountains, and northern Sierra Nacimiento. This conglomerate, formerly called, in part, the lower member of the Abiquiu Formation, is herein assigned to the Ritito Conglomerate in the Jemez Mountains and Sierra Nacimiento. The clast content of the Ritito Conglomerate varies systematically from northeast to southwest, ranging from Proterozoic basement clasts with a few Cenozoic volcanic pebbles, to purely Proterozoic clasts, to a mix of Proterozoic basement and Paleozoic limestone clasts. Paleocurrent directions indicate flow mainly to the south. A stratigraphically equivalent volcaniclastic conglomerate is present along the Jemez fault zone in the southwestern Jemez Mountains. Here, thickness variations, paleocurrent indicators, and grain-size trends suggest north-directed flow, opposite that of the Ritito Conglomerate, implying the existence of a previously unrecognized Oligocene volcanic center buried beneath the northern Albuquerque Basin. We propose the name Gilman Conglomerate for this deposit. The distinct clast composition and restricted geographic nature of each conglomerate suggests the presence of two separate fluvial systems, one flowing south and the other flowing north, separated by a west-striking topographic barrier in the vicinity of Fenton Hill and the East Fork Jemez River in the western Jemez Mountains during Oligocene time. In contrast, the Upper Oligocene Lower Miocene Abiquiu Formation overtopped this barrier and was deposited as far south as the southern Jemez Mountains. The Abiquiu Formation, which is derived mainly from the Latir volcanic field, commonly contains clasts of dacite lava and Amalia Tuff in the northern and southeastern Jemez Mountains, but conglomerates are rare in the southwestern Jemez Mountains. C1 [Kelley, Shari A.; McIntosh, William C.; Connell, Sean D.; Koning, Daniel J.; Whiteis, Jennifer] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Maldonado, Florian] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Smith, Gary A.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kelley, SA (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM seanconnell@chevron.com NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP 101 EP 123 DI 10.1130/2013.2494(05) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 23 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600006 ER PT S AU Maldonado, F Miggins, DP Budahn, JR Spell, T AF Maldonado, Florian Miggins, Daniel P. Budahn, James R. Spell, Terry BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI Deformational and erosional history for the Abiquiu and contiguous area, north-central New Mexico: Implications for formation of the Abiquiu embayment and a discussion of new geochronological and geochemical analysis SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RIO-GRANDE RIFT; LATIR VOLCANIC FIELD; JEMEZ MOUNTAINS; POTASSIUM-ARGON; ESPANOLA BASIN; EVOLUTION; USA; ROCKS; LITHOSPHERE; EXTENSION AB Geologic mapping, age determinations, and geochemistry of rocks exposed in the Abiquiu area of the Abiquiu embayment of the Rio Grande rift, north-central New Mexico, provide data to determine fault-slip and incision rates. Vertical-slip rates for faults in the area range from 16 m/m.y. to 42 m/m.y., and generally appear to decrease from the eastern edge of the Colorado Plateau to the Abiquiu embayment. Incision rates calculated for the period ca. 10 to ca. 3 Ma indicate rapid incision with rates that range from 139 m/m.y. on the eastern edge of the Colorado Plateau to 41 m/m.y. on the western part of the Abiquiu embayment. The Abiquiu area is located along the margin of the Colorado Plateau Rio Grande rift and lies within the Abiquiu embayment, a shallow, early extensional basin of the Rio Grande rift. Cenozoic rocks include the Eocene El Rito Formation, Oligocene Ritito Conglomerate, Oligocene Miocene Abiquiu Formation, and Miocene Chama El Rito and Ojo Caliente Sandstone 'Members of the Tesuque Formation (Santa Fe Group). Volcanic rocks include the Lobato Basalt (Miocene; ca. 15-8 Ma), El Alto Basalt (Pliocene; ca. 3 Ma), and dacite of the Tschicoma Formation (Pliocene; ca. 2 Ma). Quaternary deposits consist of inset axial and side-stream deposits of the ancestral Rio Chama (Pleistocene in age), landslide and pediment alluvium and colluvium, and Holocene main and side-stream channel and floodplain deposits of the modern Rio Chama. The predominant faults are Tertiary normal high-angle faults that displace rocks basinward. A low-angle fault, referred to as the Abiquiu fault, locally separates an upper plate composed of the transitional zone of the Ojo Caliente Sandstone and Chama-El Rito Members from a lower plate consisting of the Abiquiu Formation or the Ritito Conglomerate. The upper plate is distended into blocks that range from about 0.1 km to 3.5 km long that may represent a larger sheet that has been broken up and partly eroded. Geochronology (Ar-40/Ar-39) from fifteen volcanic and intrusive rocks resolves discrete volcanic episodes in the Abiquiu area: (1) emplacement of Early and Late Miocene basaltic dikes at 20 Ma and ca. 10 Ma; (2) extensive Late Miocene-age lava flows at 9.5 Ma, 7.9 Ma, and 5.6 Ma; and (3) extensive basaltic eruptions during the early Pliocene at 2.9 Ma and 2.4 Ma. Clasts of biotite- and hornblende-rich trachyandesites and trachydacites from the base of the Abiquiu Formation are dated at ca. 27 Ma, possibly derived from the Latir volcanic field. The most-mafic magmas are interpreted to be generated from a similar lithospheric mantle during rifting, but variations in composition are correlated with partial melting at different depths, which is correlated with thinning of the crust due to extensional processes. C1 [Maldonado, Florian; Miggins, Daniel P.; Budahn, James R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Spell, Terry] Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Maldonado, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM fmaldona@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP 125 EP 155 DI 10.1130/2013.2494(06) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 31 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600007 ER PT S AU Koning, DJ Grauch, VJS Connell, SD Ferguson, J McIntosh, W Slate, JL Wan, E Baldridge, WS AF Koning, Daniel J. Grauch, V. J. S. Connell, Sean D. Ferguson, John McIntosh, William Slate, Janet L. Wan, Elmira Baldridge, W. Scott BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI Structure and tectonic evolution of the eastern Espanola Basin, Rio Grande rift, north-central New Mexico SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JEMEZ MOUNTAINS; ALLUVIAL-FAN; SEDIMENTATION; STRATIGRAPHY; OLIGOCENE; VOLCANISM; BOUNDARY; GEOLOGY; STRESS; VALLEY AB We describe the structure of the eastern Espanola Basin and use stratigraphic and stratal attitude data to interpret its tectonic development. This area consists of a west-dipping half graben in the northern Rio Grande rift that includes several intrabasinal grabens, faults, and folds. The Embudo Santa Clara Pajarito fault system, a collection of northeast- and north-striking faults in the center of the Espanola Basin, defines the western boundary of the half graben and was active throughout rifting. Throw rates near the middle of the fault system (i.e., the Santa Clara and north Pajarito faults) and associated hanging-wall tilt rates progressively increased during the middle Miocene. East of Espanola, hanging-wall tilt rates decreased after 10-12 Ma, coinciding with increased throw rates on the Canada del Almagre fault. This fault may have temporarily shunted slip from the north Pajarito fault during ca. 8-11 Ala, resulting in lower strain rates on the Santa Clara fault. East of the Embudo Santa Clara Pajarito fault system, deformation of the southern Barrancos monocline and the Canada Ancha graben peaked during the early middle Miocene and effectively ceased by the late Pliocene. The north-striking Gabeldon faulted monocline lies at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Alountains, where stratal dip relations indicate late Oligocene and Miocene tilting. Shifting of strain toward the Embudo Santa Clara Pajarito fault system culminated during the late Pliocene Quaternary. Collectively, our data suggest that extensional tectonism in the eastern Espanola Basin increased in the early Miocene and probably peaked between 14-15 Ala and 9-10 Ma, preceding and partly accompanying major volcanism, and decreased in the Plio-Pleistocene. C1 [Koning, Daniel J.; McIntosh, William] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Grauch, V. J. S.; Slate, Janet L.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Connell, Sean D.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Albuquerque Off, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Ferguson, John] Univ Texas Dallas, Program Geosci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Wan, Elmira] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Baldridge, W. Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koning, DJ (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM seanconnell@chevron.com NR 120 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP 185 EP 219 DI 10.1130/2013.2494(08) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 35 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600009 ER PT S AU Slate, JL Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Koning, DJ Wan, E Wahl, DB Connell, SD Perkins, ME AF Slate, Janet L. Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. Koning, Daniel J. Wan, Elmira Wahl, David B. Connell, Sean D. Perkins, Michael E. BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI Upper Neogene tephrochronologic correlations of the Espanola Basin and Jemez Mountains volcanic field, northern Rio Grande rift, north-central New Mexico SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIEGO CANYON IGNIMBRITES; CERRO TOLEDO RHYOLITE; VALLES CALDERA; EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM; BANDELIER TUFF; FALLOUT TUFFS; ALLUVIAL-FAN; EL-CAJETE; AGE; EVOLUTION AB We used tephrochronology for upper Neogene deposits in the Espanola Basin and the adjoining Jemez Mountains volcanic field in the Rio Grande rift, northern New Mexico, to correlate key tephra strata in the study area, identify the sources for many of these tephra, and refine the maximum age of an important stratigraphic unit. Electron-microprobe analyses on volcanic glass separated from 146 pumice-fall, ash-fall, and ash-flow tephra units and layers show that they are mainly rhyolites and dacites. Jemez Mountains tephra units range in age from Miocene to Quaternary. From oldest to youngest these are: (1) the Canovas Canyon Rhyolite and the Paliza Canyon Formation of the lower Keres Group (ca. <12.4-7.4 Ma); (2) the Peralta Tuff Member of the Bearhead Rhyolite of the upper Keres Group (ca. 6.96-6.76 Ma); (3) Puye Formation tephra layers (ca. 5.3-1.75 Ma); (4) the informal San Diego Canyon ignimbrites (ca. 1.87-1.84 Ma); (5) the Otowi Member of the Bandelier Tuff, including the basal Guaje Pumice Bed (both ca. 1.68-1.61 Ma); (6) the Cerro Toledo Rhyolite (ca. 1.59-1.22 Ma); (7) the Tshirege Member of the Bandelier Tuff, including the basal Tsankawi Pumice Bed (both ca. 1.25-1.21 Ma); and (8) the El Cajete Member of the Valles Rhyolite (ca. 60-50 ka). The Paliza Canyon volcaniclastic rocks are chemically variable; they range in composition from dacite to dacitic andesite and differ in chemical composition from the younger units. The Bearhead Rhyolite is highly evolved and can be readily distinguished from the younger units. Tuffs in the Puye Formation are dacitic rather than rhyolitic in composition, and their glasses contain significantly higher Fe, Ca, Mg, and Ti, and lower contents of Si, Na, and K. We conclude that the Puye is entirely younger than the Bearhead Rhyolite and that its minimum age is ca. 1.75 Ma. The San Diego Canyon ignimbrites can be distinguished from all members of the overlying Bandelier Tuff on the basis of Fe and Ca. The Cerro Toledo tephra layers are readily distinguishable from the overlying and underlying units of the Bandelier Tuff primarily by lower Fe and Ca contents. The Tshirege and Otowi Members of the Bandelier Tuff are difficult to distinguish from each other on the basis of electron-microprobe analysis of the volcanic glass; the Tshirege Member contains on average more Fe than the Otowi Member. Tephra layers in the Espanola Basin that correlate to the Lava Creek B ash bed (ca. 640 ka) and the Nomlaki Tuff (Member of the Tuscan and Tehama Formations, ca. 3.3 Ma) indicate how far tephra from these eruptions traveled (the Yellowstone caldera of northwestern Wyoming and the southern Cascade Range of northern California, respectively). Tephra layers of Miocene age (16-10 Ma) sampled from the Tesuque Formation of the Santa Fe Group in the Espanola Basin correlate to sources associated with the southern Nevada volcanic field (Timber Mountain, Black Mountain, and Oasis Valley calderas) and the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone hot spot track in Idaho and northwestern Wyoming. Correlations of these tephra layers across the Santa Clara fault provide timelines through various stratigraphic sections despite differences in stratigraphy and lithology. We use tephra correlations to constrain the age of the base of the Ojo Caliente Sandstone Member of the Tesuque Formation to 13.5-13.3 Ma. C1 [Slate, Janet L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M.; Wan, Elmira; Wahl, David B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Koning, Daniel J.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Connell, Sean D.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Albuquerque Off, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Perkins, Michael E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Slate, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jslate@usgs.gov; SeanConnell@Chevron.com OI Wahl, David/0000-0002-0451-3554 NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP 303 EP 322 DI 10.1130/2012.2494(12) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600013 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, BD Sawyer, DA AF Rodriguez, Brian D. Sawyer, David A. BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI Geophysical constraints on Rio Grande rift structure and stratigraphy from magnetotelluric models and borehole resistivity logs, northern New Mexico SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEDIMENTARY BASINS AB Two- and three-dimensional electrical resistivity models derived from the magnetotelluric method were interpreted to provide more accurate hydrogeologic parameters for the Albuquerque and Espanola Basins. Analysis and interpretation of the resistivity models are aided by regional borehole resistivity data. Examination of the magnetotelluric response of hypothetical stratigraphic cases using resistivity characterizations from the borehole data elucidates two scenarios where the magnetotelluric method provides the strongest constraints. In the first scenario, the magnetotelluric method constrains the thickness of extensive volcanic cover, the underlying thickness of coarser-grained facies of buried Santa Fe Group sediments, and the depth to Precambrian basement or overlying Pennsylvanian limestones. In the second scenario, in the absence of volcanic cover, the magnetotelluric method constrains the thickness of coarser-grained facies of buried Santa Fe Group sediments and the depth to Precambrian basement or overlying Pennsylvanian limestones. Magnetotelluric surveys provide additional constraints on the relative positions of basement rocks and the thicknesses of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary sedimentary rocks in the region of the Albuquerque and Espanola Basins. The northern extent of a basement high beneath the Cerros del Rio volcanic field is delineated. Our results also reveal that the largest offset of the Hubbell Spring fault zone is located 5 km west of the exposed scarp. By correlating our resistivity models with surface geology and the deeper stratigraphic horizons using deep well log data, we are able to identify which of the resistivity variations in the upper 2 km belong to the upper Santa Fe Group sediments C1 [Rodriguez, Brian D.; Sawyer, David A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rodriguez, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP 323 EP 344 DI 10.1130/2013.2494(13) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 22 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600014 ER PT S AU Minor, SA Hudson, MR Caine, JS Thompson, RA AF Minor, Scott A. Hudson, Mark R. Caine, Jonathan Saul Thompson, Ren A. BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI Oblique transfer of extensional strain between basins of the middle Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Fault kinematic and paleostress constraints SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; JEMEZ MOUNTAINS; TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT; ESPANOLA BASIN; VOLCANIC FIELD; SLIP DATA; ZONE; STRESS; ROTATIONS; EVOLUTION AB The structural geometry of transfer and accommodation zones that relay strain between extensional domains in rifted crust has been addressed in many studies over the past 30 years. However, details of the kinematics of deformation and related stress changes within these zones have received relatively little attention. In this study we conduct the first-ever systematic, multi-basin fault-slip measurement campaign within the late Cenozoic Rio Grande rift of northern New Mexico to address the mechanisms and causes of extensional strain transfer associated with a broad accommodation zone. Numerous (562) kinematic measurements were collected at fault exposures within and adjacent to the NE-trending Santo Domingo Basin accommodation zone, or relay, which structurally links the N-trending, right-stepping en echelon Albuquerque and Espanola rift basins. The following observations are made based on these fault measurements and paleostresses computed from them. (1) Compared to the typical northerly striking normal to normal-oblique faults in the rift basins to the north and south, normal-oblique faults are broadly distributed within two merging, NE-trending zones on the northwest and southeast sides of the Santo Domingo Basin. (2) Faults in these zones have greater dispersion of rake values and fault strikes, greater dextral strike-slip components over a wide northerly strike range, and small to moderate clockwise deflections of their tips. (3) Relative-age relations among fault surfaces and slickenlines used to compute reduced stress tensors suggest that far-field, similar to E-W-trending sigma(3) stress trajectories were perturbed 45 degrees to 90 degrees clockwise into NW to N trends within the Santo Domingo zones. (4) Fault-stratig,raphic age relations constrain the stress perturbations to the later stages of rifting, possibly as late as 2.7-1.1 Ma. Our fault observations and previous paleomagnetic evidence of post-2.7 Ma counterclockwise vertical-axis rotations are consistent with increased bulk sinistral-normal oblique shear along the Santo Domingo rift segment in Pliocene and later time. Regional geologic evidence suggests that the width of active rift faulting became increasingly confined to the Santo Domingo Basin and axial parts of the adjoining basins beginning in the late Miocene. We infer that the Santo Domingo clockwise stress perturbations developed coevally with the oblique rift segment mainly due to mechanical interactions of large faults propagating toward each other from the adjoining basins as the rift narrowed. Our results suggest that negligible bulk strike-slip displacement has been accommodated along the north-trending rift during much of its development, but uncertainties in the maximum ages of fault slip do not allow us to fully evaluate and discriminate between earlier models that invoked northward or southward rotation and translation of the Colorado Plateau during early (Miocene) rifting. C1 [Minor, Scott A.; Hudson, Mark R.; Caine, Jonathan Saul; Thompson, Ren A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Minor, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM sminor@usgs.gov OI Caine, Jonathan/0000-0002-7269-6989 NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP 345 EP 382 DI 10.1130/2013.2494(14) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 38 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600015 ER PT S AU Grauch, VJS Connell, SD AF Grauch, V. J. S. Connell, Sean D. BE Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS TI New perspectives on the geometry of the Albuquerque Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Insights from geophysical models of rift-fill thickness SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RIO GRANDE RIFT BASINS: FROM TECTONICS TO GROUNDWATER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LARGE NORMAL FAULTS; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; CRUSTAL EXTENSION; EAST-AFRICA; EVOLUTION; GRAVITY; VELOCITY; SOCORRO; USA; ANOMALIES AB Discrepancies among previous models of the geometry of the Albuquerque Basin motivated us to develop a new model using a comprehensive approach. Capitalizing on a natural separation between the densities of mainly Neogene basin fill (Santa Fe Group) and those of older rocks, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) geophysical model of syn-rift basin-fill thickness that incorporates well data, seismic-reflection data, geologic cross sections, and other geophysical data in a constrained gravity inversion. Although the resulting model does not show structures directly, it elucidates important aspects of basin geometry. The main features are three, 3-5-km-deep, interconnected structural depressions, which increase in size, complexity, and segmentation from north to south: the Santo Domingo, Calabacillas, and Belen sub-basins. The increase in segmentation and complexity may reflect a transition of the Rio Grande rift from well-defined structural depressions in the north to multiple, segmented basins within a broader region of crustal extension to the south. The modeled geometry of the subbasins and their connections differs from a widely accepted structural model based primarily on seismic-reflection interpretations. Key elements of the previous model are an east-tilted half-graben block on the north separated from a west-tilted half-graben block on the south by a southwest-trending, scissor-like transfer zone. Instead, we find multiple subbasins with predominantly easterly tilts for much of the Albuquerque Basin, a restricted region of westward tilting in the southwestern part of the basin, and a northwesterly trending antiform dividing subbasins in the center of the basin instead of a major scissor-like transfer zone. The overall eastward tilt indicated by the 3D geophysical model generally conforms to stratal tilts observed for the syn-rift succession, implying a prolonged eastward tilting of the basin during Miocene time. An extensive north-south synform in the central part of the Belen subbasin suggests a possible path for the ancestral Rio Grande during late Miocene or early Pliocene time. Variations in rift-fill thickness correspond to pre-rift structures in several places, suggesting that a better understanding of pre-rift history may shed light on debates about structural inheritance within the rift. C1 [Grauch, V. J. S.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Connell, Sean D.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Albuquerque Off, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Grauch, VJS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tien@usgs.gov; seanconnell@chevron.com NR 136 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2494-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 494 BP 427 EP 462 DI 10.1130/2013.2494(16) D2 10.1130/9780813724942 PG 36 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS19 UT WOS:000329913600017 ER PT S AU Anderson, JL Tolan, TL Wells, RE AF Anderson, James L. Tolan, Terry L. Wells, Ray E. BE Reidel, SP Camp, VE Ross, ME Wolff, JA Martin, BS Tolan, TL Wells, RE TI Strike-slip faults in the western Columbia River flood basalt province, Oregon and Washington SO COLUMBIA RIVER FLOOD BASALT PROVINCE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AEROMAGNETIC DATA; PORTLAND; TECTONICS AB The pattern of deformation in the western part of the Columbia River flood basalt province contains two key components: (1) anticlinal uplifts of the Yakima Fold Belt with east-northeast to west-southwest trends, and (2) strike-slip fault zones with dominantly northwest trends. It is the abundance and regional extent of the latter that distinguish this area from other parts of the province. There are many northwest-striking, right-lateral, strike-slip faults in the interval from the Willamette Valley eastward to Umatilla (123 degrees W to 119 degrees W longitude). Some of these faults are only a few kilometers long, whereas others are of regional extent (>100 km). Conjugate northeast-striking, left-lateral, strike-slip faults have also been identified but are far less numerous. Local variations in the stress field within basins have produced sets of subsidiary structures by transtension and transpression. These occur where fault zones change trend with respect to the NNW-SSE-oriented maximum principal compressive stress. Strike-slip faulting was active early in the history of the Yakima Fold Belt uplifts, at least by emplacement of the Columbia River Basalt Group lavas, but after the Yakima Fold Belt uplift, spacing had already been firmly established. It is probable that many of these faults are episodically reactivated basement structures that have repeatedly undergone cycles of emergence, burial by flood basalts, and reemergence. Strike-slip deformation appears to have happened simultaneously within the Yakima Fold Belt uplifts and adjacent synclinal basins. However, the pattern and magnitude of deformation differ significantly in the basins compared to the uplifts. The Yakima Fold Belt uplifts have been segmented and shifted many kilometers by strike-slip faults, while displacements within adjacent basins are orders of magnitude less. Within Yakima Fold Belt uplifts, reversals of vergence sometimes occur wherein the frontal (forelimb) thrusts and fold asymmetry switch from one side of the uplift to the other. These changes are accommodated by cross-trending, right-lateral, strike-slip faults of regional extent. The pattern of strike-slip deformation as mapped within basins in many cases appears to be immature and lacking in interconnection. Eruptive vents in the Simcoe backarc volcanic field and Boring lavas are often aligned along strike-slip faults. Pliocene-age Simcoe lava flows have been deformed by both folding and strike-slip faulting within the Klickitat Valley basin. Pleistocene-age deposits are known to be cut by both the Luna Butte and Portland Hills faults. Strike-slip earthquake focal mechanisms have also been determined for some faults. C1 [Anderson, James L.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Tolan, Terry L.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Wells, Ray E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Anderson, JL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol, 200 West Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2497-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 497 BP 325 EP 347 DI 10.1130/2013.2497(13) D2 10.1130/9780813724973 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BJS25 UT WOS:000329923000016 ER PT J AU Hardy, TB Shaw, TA AF Hardy, Thomas B. Shaw, Thomas A. BE Maddock, I Harby, A Kemp, P Wood, P TI Application of Real-Time Management for Environmental Flow Regimes SO ECOHYDRAULICS: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; RIVER; ECOSYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; PARASITE; HABITAT; SALMON; MODEL C1 [Hardy, Thomas B.] Texas State Univ, Meadows Ctr Water & Environm, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Shaw, Thomas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Hardy, TB (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Meadows Ctr Water & Environm, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX PO19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-97600-5 PY 2013 BP 277 EP 292 D2 10.1002/9781118526576 PG 16 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BJS93 UT WOS:000330036600016 ER PT S AU Pratt, TL Williams, RA Odum, JK Stephenson, WJ AF Pratt, Thomas L. Williams, Robert A. Odum, Jack K. Stephenson, William J. BE Cox, RT Tuttle, MP Boyd, OS Locat, J TI Origin of the Blytheville Arch, and long-term displacement on the New Madrid seismic zone, central United States SO RECENT ADVANCES IN NORTH AMERICAN PALEOSEISMOLOGY AND NEOTECTONICS EAST OF THE ROCKIES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; COMMERCE GEOPHYSICAL LINEAMENT; STRIKE-SLIP-FAULT; REELFOOT RIFT; NORTHEASTERN ARKANSAS; PLATE INTERIORS; TECTONIC STRAIN; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKES; MISSOURI AB The southern arm of the New Madrid seismic zone of the central United States coincides with the buried, similar to 110 km by similar to 20 km Blytheville Arch antiform within the Cambrian-Ordovician Reelfoot rift graben. The Blytheville Arch has been interpreted at various times as a compressive structure, an igneous intrusion, or a sediment diapir. Reprocessed industry seismic-reflection profiles presented here show a strong similarity between the Blytheville Arch and pop-up structures, or flower structures, within strike-slip fault systems. The Blytheville Arch formed in the Paleozoic, but post-Mid-Cretaceous to Quaternary strata show displacement or folding indicative of faulting. Faults within the graben structure but outside of the Blytheville Arch also appear to displace Upper Cretaceous and perhaps younger strata, indicating that past faulting was not restricted to the Blytheville Arch and New Madrid seismic zone. As much as 10-12.5 km of strike slip can be estimated from apparent shearing of the Reelfoot arm of the New Madrid seismic zone. There also appears to be similar to 5-5.5 km of shearing of the Reelfoot topographic scarp at the north end of the southern arm of the New Madrid seismic zone and of the southern portion of Crowley's Ridge, which is a north-trending topographic ridge just south of the seismic zone. These observations suggest that there has been substantial strike-slip displacement along the Blytheville Arch and southern arm of the New Madrid seismic zone, that strike-slip extended north and south of the modern seismic zone, and that post-Mid-Cretaceous (post-Eocene?) faulting was not restricted to the Blytheville Arch or to currently active faults within the New Madrid seismic zone. C1 [Pratt, Thomas L.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Williams, Robert A.; Odum, Jack K.; Stephenson, William J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Pratt, TL (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tpratt@ocean.washington.edu NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2493-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 493 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1130/2012.2493(01) D2 10.1130/9780813724935 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJS03 UT WOS:000329865200002 ER PT S AU Hatcher, RD Vaughn, JD Obermeier, SF AF Hatcher, Robert D., Jr. Vaughn, James D. Obermeier, Stephen F. BE Cox, RT Tuttle, MP Boyd, OS Locat, J TI Large earthquake paleoseismology in the East Tennessee seismic zone: Results of an 18-month pilot study SO RECENT ADVANCES IN NORTH AMERICAN PALEOSEISMOLOGY AND NEOTECTONICS EAST OF THE ROCKIES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED FEATURES; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; RECURRENCE; SHAKING; SUBDIVISIONS; CHARLESTON; MAGNITUDE; LOCATION AB The East Tennessee seismic zone in the southern Appalachians is an similar to 75-km-wide, 350-km-long region of seismicity that extends from NE Alabama and NW Georgia to NE of Knoxville, Tennessee. It is the second most active seismic zone east of the U.S. Rocky Mountains. Although the East Tennessee seismic zone has not recorded historical earthquakes of M > 5, researchers have used hypothetical and theoretical relationships to suggest that it may be capable of generating an "infrequent" M similar to 7.5 quake. To help clarify the late Pleistocene earthquake history and the earthquake potential of the East Tennessee seismic zone, we conducted an 18-mo pilot study to seek evidence of paleoseismic activity and have made important discoveries. ENE of Knoxville, Tennessee, in late Pleistocene French Broad River alluvium, we discovered: (1) strike-slip, thrust, and normal faults involving bedrock and alluvium at three sites, and widespread bleached or clay-filled fractures; (2) paleoliquefaction; and (3) anomalous fractured and disrupted features at three sites attributable to liquefaction and forceful groundwater expulsion and fluidization during or immediately after two or more major late Quaternary earthquakes. All of these features were produced by seismic events with a probable minimum M similar to 6.5. Optically stimulated luminescence dates at four sites provide maximum ages of 73-112 ka for at least two events. Upward penetration of at least two generations of fractures, clastic-sediment intrusions, and faults into the Bt horizons of Ultisols at several sites implies that two strong shocks occurred sometime after similar to 73 ka, and possibly much later than 73 ka. Two exposures in terrace alluvium E and W of the Tennessee Highway 92 bridge S of Dandridge, Tennessee, were graded and geologically mapped at 1 in. = 5 ft. The site W of the bridge revealed at least three sets of crosscutting fractures that terminate upslope against the base of an overlying late Pleistocene colluvium. The E site revealed numerous fractures and a fault with similar to 20 cm of sinistral displacement. Moreover, several "fluidization boils" containing shale clasts from below are cut by younger, red, clay-filled fractures. Few of these fracture sets in the Quaternary sediments parallel those in bedrock of the Tennessee Valley and Ridge and Blue Ridge geologic provinces that host the East Tennessee seismic zone, and these fractures are poorly aligned with the present-day N70E maximum principal stress orientation. A third site, 5 km SW of Dandridge on the NW side of Douglas Reservoir, contains at least two NW-vergent thrust faults that transported weathered bedrock 25-50 cm over late Pleistocene alluvium. At the same site, a 12-m-long mode 1 branching fracture in Sevier Shale is filled with Quaternary sediment, and is truncated by the largest thrust fault at 1-2 m depth. This structure, including the Quaternary sediment it contains, is also displaced 10 cm along a NW-trending sinistral fault. The discovery of faults at the ground surface that displace both bedrock and terrace alluvium contrasts with the modern seismicity, which occurs at 5-26 km depth in rocks below the basal decollement of major Paleozoic thrust sheets. Collectively, these initial findings imply that the East Tennessee seismic zone has produced coseismic surface faulting and generated at least two strong (M > 6.5) earthquakes during the late Quaternary. C1 [Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Vaughn, James D.] Keen Geoserve LLC, Dexter, MO 63841 USA. [Obermeier, Stephen F.] US Geol Survey, Rockport, IN 47635 USA. RP Hatcher, RD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2493-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 493 BP 111 EP 142 DI 10.1130/2012.2493(06) D2 10.1130/9780813724935 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJS03 UT WOS:000329865200007 ER PT S AU Counts, R Obermeier, SF AF Counts, Ronald Obermeier, Stephen F. BE Cox, RT Tuttle, MP Boyd, OS Locat, J TI Seismic signatures: Small-scale features and ground fractures SO RECENT ADVANCES IN NORTH AMERICAN PALEOSEISMOLOGY AND NEOTECTONICS EAST OF THE ROCKIES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOFT-SEDIMENT DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LIQUEFACTION; WAVE-INDUCED LIQUEFACTION; 1700 CASCADIA EARTHQUAKE; WATER-ESCAPE STRUCTURES; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS; PENETRATING RADAR; PALEOSEISMIC SHAKING; MADRID EARTHQUAKES AB Paleoseismic investigations in fluvial deposits frequently use large-scale (many centimeters to decimeters wide) ground-failure features of liquefaction origin as indicators of larger earthquakes (i.e., exceeding M similar to 6). Such large features are not the only signature of seismicity, however. Seismic shaking often produces an abundance of small-scale features (millimeter to centimeter in size) such as sills, small clastic dikes, and ground fractures, which can vary widely in height and range from paper-thin to a few centimeters wide. These small-scale seismic signatures commonly form in field settings where large liquefaction features are absent, such as regions with a reduced susceptibility for liquefaction or sites far from earthquake meizoseismal regions where shaking levels were lower. Thus, these small signatures have the potential to significantly expand the geographic area useful for paleoseismic studies, yet they are not typically sought in most paleoseismic field studies because many can develop nonseismically, and interpreting their formative origin can be challenging. We examined small-scale features that occur in association with large liquefaction features at a variety of field sites across the United States. We present new criteria, with many photographic examples, to evaluate whether small-scale features and ground fractures were seismically generated. Although this research was done primarily in fluvial settings in the United States, these criteria should be applicable worldwide in many field settings with clastic sediments, potentially giving the study of small-scale seismic features and fractures a significant role in future paleoseismic investigations. C1 [Counts, Ronald] Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Geol Survey, Henderson, KY 42420 USA. [Counts, Ronald] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Obermeier, Stephen F.] US Geol Survey, Rockport, IN 47635 USA. RP Counts, R (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Geol Survey, 1401 Corp Court, Henderson, KY 42420 USA. OI Counts, Ronald/0000-0002-8426-1990 NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2493-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 493 BP 203 EP 219 DI 10.1130/2012.2493(10) D2 10.1130/9780813724935 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJS03 UT WOS:000329865200011 ER PT S AU Petersen, MD Frankel, AD Harmsen, SC Mueller, CS Boyd, OS Luco, N Wheeler, RL Rukstales, KS Haller, KM AF Petersen, Mark D. Frankel, Arthur D. Harmsen, Stephen C. Mueller, Charles S. Boyd, Oliver S. Luco, Nicolas Wheeler, Russell L. Rukstales, Kenneth S. Haller, Kathleen M. BE Cox, RT Tuttle, MP Boyd, OS Locat, J TI The 2008 US Geological Survey national seismic hazard models and maps for the central and eastern United States SO RECENT ADVANCES IN NORTH AMERICAN PALEOSEISMOLOGY AND NEOTECTONICS EAST OF THE ROCKIES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; GROUND-MOTION PREDICTION; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; MOMENT ASSESSMENT; STRATIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE; SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA; MADRID EARTHQUAKES; MEERS FAULT; ZONE AB In this paper, we describe the scientific basis for the source and ground-motion models applied in the 2008 National Seismic Hazard Maps, the development of new products that are used for building design and risk analyses, relationships between the hazard maps and design maps used in building codes, and potential future improvements to the hazard maps. C1 [Petersen, Mark D.; Harmsen, Stephen C.; Mueller, Charles S.; Luco, Nicolas; Wheeler, Russell L.; Rukstales, Kenneth S.; Haller, Kathleen M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Frankel, Arthur D.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Boyd, Oliver S.] US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Petersen, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,Mail Stop 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2493-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 493 BP 243 EP 257 DI 10.1130/2012.2493(12) D2 10.1130/9780813724935 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJS03 UT WOS:000329865200013 ER PT S AU House, PK Clark, R Kopera, J AF House, P. Kyle Clark, Ryan Kopera, Joe BE Baker, VR TI Overcoming the momentum of anachronism: American geologic mapping in a twenty-first-century world SO RETHINKING THE FABRIC OF GEOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DATA-ACQUISITION; LIDAR ANALYSIS; FIELD; VISUALIZATION; INFORMATION; SCALE; MAPS; FLOW AB The practice of geologic mapping is undergoing conceptual and methodological transformation. Profound changes in digital technology in the past 10 yr have potential to impact all aspects of geologic mapping. The future of geologic mapping as a relevant scientific enterprise depends on widespread adoption of new technology and ideas about the collection, meaning, and utility of geologic map data. It is critical that the geologic community redefine the primary elements of the traditional paper geologic map and improve the integration of the practice of making maps in the field and office with the new ways to record, manage, share, and visualize their underlying data. A modern digital geologic mapping model will enhance scientific discovery, meet elevated expectations of modern geologic map users, and accommodate inevitable future changes in technology. C1 [House, P. Kyle] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Clark, Ryan] Arizona Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. [Kopera, Joe] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Geol Survey, Morrill Sci Ctr 269, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP House, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2502-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 502 BP 103 EP 125 DI 10.1130/2013.2502(05) D2 10.1130/9780813725024 PG 23 WC Geology; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BJS20 UT WOS:000329914700006 ER PT S AU Burgmann, R Thatcher, W AF Buergmann, Roland Thatcher, Wayne BE Bickford, ME TI Space geodesy: A revolution in crustal deformation measurements of tectonic processes SO WEB OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES: ADVANCES, IMPACTS, AND INTERACTIONS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAN-ANDREAS-FAULT; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; APERTURE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; MAYOR-CUCAPAH EARTHQUAKE; AMERICAN PLATE BOUNDARY; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL AB During the last similar to 100 years, tectonic geodesy has evolved from sparse field-based measurements of crustal deformation to the use of space geodetic techniques involving observations of satellites and from satellites orbiting Earth, which reveal a variety of tectonic processes acting over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Early terrestrial measurements using triangulation and leveling techniques characterized large displacements associated with great earthquakes and led to the recognition of the fundamental mechanics of seismic faulting and the earthquake cycle. More precise measurements using ground-based laser ranging allowed for the characterization and modeling of interseismic strain buildup and determination of slip rates on major faults. Continuous and highly accurate point measurements of strain, tilt, and fault creep have captured intriguing deformation transients associated with slow slip events on active faults. The greatly improved precision, spatial and temporal resolution, global coverage, and relatively low cost of space geodetic measurements led to a revolution in crustal deformation measurements of a range of tectonic processes. Very Long Baseline Interferometry, the Global Positioning System, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, and space-based image geodesy complement each other to comprehensively capture tectonics in action at scales ranging from meters to global and seconds to decades. Space geodetic measurements allow for the precise measurement of global plate motions, the determination of strain rate fields and fault slip rates in distributed plate-boundary deformation zones, and characterization of subtle intra-plate deformation. These measurements provide increasingly important constraints for earthquake hazard studies. Space geodesy also allows for the recognition and detailed model exploration of a number of transient deformation processes during the post-earthquake deformation phase of the earthquake cycle. Measurements of postseismic deformation transients provide important insights into the mechanisms, rheological properties, and dynamics of crustal deformation. Increasingly, seafloor geodetic measurements provide information about deformation on the 70% of the Earth's surface that were previously inaccessible. Future improvements of modern geodetic techniques promise to further illuminate details of crustal deformation at all spatial and temporal scales, leading to an improved understanding of the dynamics of active tectonics. C1 [Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thatcher, Wayne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Burgmann, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 389 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM burgmann@seismo.berkeley.edu; thatcher@usgs.gov NR 253 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2500-0 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 500 BP 397 EP 430 DI 10.1130/2013.2500(12) D2 10.1130/9780813725000 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BJS00 UT WOS:000329864400013 ER PT S AU Zoback, ML Geist, E Pallister, J Hill, DP Young, S McCausland, W AF Zoback, Mary Lou Geist, Eric Pallister, John Hill, David P. Young, Simon McCausland, Wendy BE Bickford, ME TI Advances in natural hazard science and assessment, 1963-2013 SO IMPACT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES ON SOCIETY SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MOUNT ST-HELENS; LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GROUND-MOTION PREDICTION; CHARACTERISTIC EARTHQUAKE DISTRIBUTION; STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; EL-CHICHON VOLCANO; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE C1 [Zoback, Mary Lou] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Geist, Eric; Hill, David P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pallister, John; McCausland, Wendy] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Young, Simon] GeoSY Ltd, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Zoback, ML (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. OI Pallister, John/0000-0002-2041-2147 NR 572 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2501-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 501 BP 81 EP 154 DI 10.1130/2013.2501(05) D2 10.1130/9780813725017 PG 74 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BJR98 UT WOS:000329863100006 ER PT S AU Kharaka, YK Cole, DR Thordsen, JJ Gans, KD Thomas, RB AF Kharaka, Yousif K. Cole, David R. Thordsen, James J. Gans, Kathleen D. Thomas, R. Burt BE DePaolo, DJ Cole, DR Navrotsky, A Bourg, IC TI Geochemical Monitoring for Potential Environmental Impacts of Geologic Sequestration of CO2 SO GEOCHEMISTRY OF GEOLOGIC CO2 SEQUESTRATION SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID CARBON-DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION; DEEP-SALINE AQUIFERS; STORAGE CAPACITY ESTIMATION; WATER-ROCK INTERACTIONS; CARBFIX PILOT PROJECT; NATURAL-GAS RESERVOIR; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; MINERAL CARBONATION; CO2-H2O MIXTURES; GREENHOUSE GASES C1 [Kharaka, Yousif K.; Thordsen, James J.; Gans, Kathleen D.; Thomas, R. Burt] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cole, David R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov OI Thomas, Burt/0000-0002-2228-6770 NR 171 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 19 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-92-8 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2013 VL 77 BP 399 EP 430 DI 10.2138/rmg.2013.77.11 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BJU31 UT WOS:000330485200011 ER PT S AU Anderson, RE Beard, LS Mankinen, EA Hillhouse, JW AF Anderson, R. Ernest Beard, L. Sue Mankinen, Edward A. Hillhouse, John W. BE Anderson, RE TI Analysis of Neogene deformation between Beaver, Utah, and Barstow, California: Suggestions for altering the extensional paradigm SO NEOGENE DEFORMATION BETWEEN CENTRAL UTAH AND THE MOJAVE DESERT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VALLEY SHEAR ZONE; HILLS DETACHMENT FAULT; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; ANGLE NORMAL FAULTS; WALKER LANE BELT; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; MIOCENE CRUSTAL EXTENSION; VIRGIN RIVER DEPRESSION; CENTRAL MOJAVE DESERT AB For more than two decades, the paradigm of large-magnitude (similar to 250 km), northwest-directed (similar to N70 degrees W) Neogene extensional lengthening between the Colorado Plateau and Sierra Nevada at the approximate latitude of Las Vegas has remained largely unchallenged, as has the notion that the strain integrates with coeval strains in adjacent regions and with plate-boundary strain. The paradigm depends on poorly constrained interconnectedness of extreme-case lengthening estimated at scattered localities within the region. Here we evaluate the soundness of the inferred strain interconnectedness over an area reaching 600 km southwest from Beaver, Utah, to Barstow, California, and conclude that lengthening is overestimated in most areas and, even if the estimates are valid, lengthening is not interconnected in a way that allows for published versions of province-wide summations. We summarize Neogene strike slip in 13 areas distributed from central Utah to Lake Mead. In general, left-sense shear and associated structures define a broad zone of translation approximately parallel to the eastern boundary of the Basin and Range against the Colorado Plateau, a zone we refer to as the Hingeline shear zone. Areas of steep-axis rotation (ranging to 2500 km(2)) record N-S shortening rather than unevenly distributed lengthening. In most cases, the rotational shortening and extension-parallel folds and thrusts are coupled to, or absorb, strike slip, thus providing valuable insight into how the discontinuous strike-slip faults are simply parts of a broad zone of continuous strain. The discontinuous nature of strike slip and the complex mixture of extensional, contractional, and steep-axis rotational structures in the Hingeline shear zone are similar to those in the Walker Lane belt in the west part of the Basin and Range, and, together, the two record southward displacement of the central and northern Basin and Range relative to the adjacent Colorado Plateau. Understanding this province-scale coupling is critical to understanding major NS shortening and westerly tectonic escape in the Lake Mead area. One north-elongate uplift in the Hingeline shear zone is a positive flower structure along a strike-slip fault, and we postulate that most other large uplifts are diapiric, resulting from extension-normal inflow of ductile substrate, rather than second-order isostatic responses to tectonic unloading. We also postulate that large steep-axis rotations, and some small ones as well, result from basal tractions imparted by gradients in southerly directed subjacent ductile flow rather than by shear coupling imparted by laterally variable elongation strains. The shortening strain recorded in the rotations and related structures probably matches or exceeds the magnitude of lengthening, even for the Lake Mead area where we do not question local large (similar to 65 km) west-directed lengthening. We assess the results of extensive recent earth-science research in the Lake Mead area and conclude that previously published models of N-S convergence, westerly tectonic rafting, and N-S occlusion are valid and record unique tectonic escape accommodation for south-directed displacement of the Great Basin sector of the Basin and Range. Genetic ties between the south-directed displacement and plate-interaction forces are elusive, and we suggest the displacement results from body forces inherent in the Basin and Range. C1 [Anderson, R. Ernest] US Geol Survey, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. [Beard, L. Sue] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Mankinen, Edward A.; Hillhouse, John W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Anderson, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. NR 166 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2499-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 499 BP 1 EP 67 DI 10.1130/2013.2499(01) D2 10.1130/9780813724997 PG 67 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS06 UT WOS:000329867100002 ER PT S AU Anderson, RE AF Anderson, R. Ernest BE Anderson, RE TI On the importance of non-uniform tilt, strike slip, and hydrogeology in shaping the Neogene tectonics of the eastern Lake Mead area SO NEOGENE DEFORMATION BETWEEN CENTRAL UTAH AND THE MOJAVE DESERT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN NEVADA; RANGE PROVINCE; BASIN; EXTENSION; MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION; BLOCK AB The eastern Lake Mead region, central Basin and Range Province, contains an abrupt boundary between the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range, west of which decades of tectonic studies have documented extreme (at least 60 km) westerly translation of the Frenchman Mountain structural block away from the boundary, currently at a distance of similar to 95 km. Detachment-style faulting and large lengthening in the eastern Lake Mead region are generally accepted (eight of ten papers in a 2010 compilation of recent research) as integral to the large province-wide lengthening at this latitude. Presented here is field geologic evidence of the contribution of karsting and tilting on multiple fixed axes to the Miocene strain history. Together with newly recognized strike slip on northerly striking faults, associated steep-axis bending, and evidence against fault listricity, the region probably contributes little to Province-wide lengthening, but estimates of westerly translation of the Frenchman Mountain block remain unchanged. C1 US Geol Survey, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. RP Anderson, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2499-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2013 VL 499 BP 69 EP 94 DI 10.1130/2013.2499(02) D2 10.1130/9780813724997 PG 26 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJS06 UT WOS:000329867100003 ER PT S AU Gibbs, SEJ Gibbs, EPJ AF Gibbs, Samantha E. J. Gibbs, E. Paul J. BE Mackenzie, JS Jeggo, M Daszak, P Richt, JA TI The Historical, Present, and Future Role of Veterinarians in One Health SO ONE HEALTH: THE HUMAN-ANIMAL-ENVIRONMENT INTERFACES IN EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES: THE CONCEPT AND EXAMPLES OF A ONE HEALTH APPROACH SE Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ONE WORLD; VACCINE; PERSPECTIVE; CHALLENGE; MEDICINE; TRANSMISSION; PROFESSION; EMERGENCE; PROSPECTS AB The renewed interest in the concept of One Health has occurred as a result of the increased emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases over the past decade. The subsequent impacts of these diseases on human, livestock, and wildlife health, as well as the economic effects, have given international health organizations and national governments a greater appreciation of the importance of collaborative efforts in solving health problems. The One Health concept is not new, but under its umbrella, a new generation of veterinarians, physicians, ecologists, biologists, and social scientists is shaping the concept in novel ways. This has led to increased support for One Health initiatives to control disease by international agencies, national governments, and nongovernmental organizations as well as a growing emphasis on One Health concepts in training the veterinary workforce. Veterinary schools are reorganizing veterinary education to better teach students the precepts of One Health. This chapter explores the evolution and application of the One Health concept from the perspective of the veterinarian. The veterinary profession is positioned to be a strong advocate and leader of One Health. Veterinarians have a long history of involvement with One Health activities, and this involvement has adjusted and shifted with the changing needs of society. A new area of work for veterinarians is ecosystem health, which is becoming more relevant as a result of the impact that the ever-increasing human population is having on the environment that supports them. C1 [Gibbs, Samantha E. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Avian Hlth & Dis Program, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Gibbs, E. Paul J.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Gibbs, SEJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Avian Hlth & Dis Program, 12302 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Samantha_Gibbs@fws.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X BN 978-3-642-36889-9; 978-3-642-36888-2 J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2013 VL 365 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1007/82_2012_259 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-36889-9 PG 17 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BJT58 UT WOS:000330226900004 PM 22911439 ER PT J AU Flanagan, DC Ascough, JC Nieber, JL Misra, D Douglas-Mankin, KR AF Flanagan, D. C. Ascough, J. C., II Nieber, J. L. Misra, D. Douglas-Mankin, K. R. TI ADVANCES IN SOIL EROSION RESEARCH: PROCESSES, MEASUREMENT, AND MODELING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Experimentation; Modeling; Research; Soil erosion ID WATER AB Soil erosion by the environmental agents of water and wind is a continuing global menace that threatens the agricultural base that sustains our civilization. For over 70 years, ASABE members have been at the forefront of research to understand erosion processes, measure erosion and related processes, and model very complex sediment detachment, transport, and deposition. The ASABE Erosion Control Group (SW-22) and Erosion Control Research (SW-223) committees periodically sponsor international symposia to provide an avenue for exchange of ideas and information by engineers, scientists, and students from around the world. The two most recent symposia were the Soil Erosion Research for the 21st Century Symposium held in January 2001 in Honolulu, Hawaii, and the International Symposium on Erosion and Landscape Evolution (ISELE) held in September 2011 in Anchorage, Alaska. This article describes these two events, provides a description of major outcomes, and introduces a collection of papers that were presented as part of the 2011 ISELE in Alaska. The ISELE sessions focused on seven themes: water erosion process research; aeolian erosion and fugitive dust emission; highly disturbed, urban, and arid lands; erosion measurement and assessment; prevention and control of upland and in-stream erosion; soil erosion modeling; and impacts of global change on erosion and landscape evolution. More than 120 people from 16 countries attended the ISELE and gave 112 oral and poster presentations. From those presentations, 24 papers were accepted for publication in Transactions of the ASABE (22 papers, this issue) and Applied Engineering in Agriculture (two papers, next issue). The results from these symposia and in these papers show active and vibrant research to address soil erosion problems, particularly in the face of global environmental changes. C1 [Flanagan, D. C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ascough, J. C., II] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Nieber, J. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Misra, D.] Univ Alaska, Dept Min & Geol Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Douglas-Mankin, K. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Everglades Program Team, Arthur R Marshall Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refug, Boynton Beach, FL USA. RP Flanagan, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NSERL, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Dennis.Flanagan@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2013 VL 56 IS 2 BP 455 EP 463 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AA0EH UT WOS:000330767600009 ER PT J AU Arnhold, S Ruidisch, M Bartsch, S Shope, CL Huwe, B AF Arnhold, S. Ruidisch, M. Bartsch, S. Shope, C. L. Huwe, B. TI SIMULATION OF RUNOFF PATTERNS AND SOIL EROSION ON MOUNTAINOUS FARMLAND WITH AND WITHOUT PLASTIC-COVERED RIDGE-FURROW CULTIVATION IN SOUTH KOREA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Complex landscape; Erosion; Furrows; Korea; Plastic mulch; Ridges; Runoff; Topography ID AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; SUMMER MONSOON; ORGANIC-CARBON; MODEL; MULCH; ROUGHNESS; RESERVOIR; SEDIMENT; STEMFLOW AB Plastic-covered ridge-furrow cultivation (plastic mulch) can substantially influence runoff and soil erosion on agricultural land. However, the impact of this management practice in combination with complex farmland topography has not been thoroughly investigated. The goal of this study was to identify how topography influences runoff patterns and erosion rates of plastic mulch cultivation. We measured runoff and sediment transport on two mountainous fields in South Korea, one with a concave topography and one with a convex topography, during monsoonal rain events. We used the EROSION 3D model to compare flow and sediment transport between plastic mulch, uncovered ridges, and a smooth soil surface. We found the highest runoff and erosion rates from both of the fields with plastic mulch due to the impermeable surface. For the uncovered ridges, we identified 140% higher erosion compared to the smooth surface on the concave field, but 20% lower erosion on the convex field. The simulated sediment transport patterns showed that the ridge-furrow system concentrated overland flow on the concave field, resulting in high erosion rates. On the convex field, the ridge-furrow system prevented flow accumulation and erosion. Our results demonstrate that the effect of ridge-furrow systems on erosion is controlled primarily by the topography. These results have practical consequences for watershed conservation planning and the application of large-scale erosion models. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully understand the impact of this management system on runoff and erosion on mountainous farmland. C1 [Arnhold, S.; Ruidisch, M.; Huwe, B.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Phys, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. [Bartsch, S.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. [Shope, C. L.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Arnhold, S (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Phys, Univ Str 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. EM sebastian.arnhold@uni-bayreuth.de RI Shope, Christopher/A-2931-2013 OI Shope, Christopher/0000-0003-3277-0811 FU German Research Foundation (DFG); Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) FX This study was carried out within the framework of the International Research Training Group TERRECO, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). The authors thank Andreas Kolb, Steve Lindner, and Bongjae Kwon for their technical support during the field installations, as well as Heera Lee and Bora Lee for translation and for negotiating permissions to carry out the field measurements. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2013 VL 56 IS 2 BP 667 EP 679 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AA0EH UT WOS:000330767600026 ER PT J AU Knierim, KJ Pollock, E Hays, PD AF Knierim, Katherine J. Pollock, Erik Hays, Phillip D. TI USING ISOTOPES OF DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON SPECIES AND WATER TO SEPARATE SOURCES OF RECHARGE IN A CAVE SPRING, NORTHWESTERN ARKANSAS, USA SO ACTA CARSOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE carbon; stable isotopes; cave; hydrograph; Arkansas ID SOUTH-CENTRAL INDIANA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; KARST SPRINGS; FLOW; TRACERS; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; HYDROGRAPH; NITRATE; SAMPLES AB Blowing Spring Cave in northwestern Arkansas is representative of cave systems in the karst of the Ozark Plateaus, and stable isotopes of water (delta O-18 and delta H-2) and inorganic carbon (delta C-13) were used to quantify soil-water, bedrock-matrix water, and precipitation contributions to cave-spring flow during storm events to understand controls on cave water quality. Water samples from recharge-zone soils and the cave were collected from March to May 2012 to implement a multicomponent hydrograph separation approach using delta O-18 and delta H-2 of water and dissolved inorganic carbon (delta C-13-DIC). During baseflow, median delta H-2 and delta O-18 compositions were -41.6 parts per thousand and -6.2 parts per thousand for soil water and were -37.2 parts per thousand and -5.9 parts per thousand for cave water, respectively. Median DIC concentrations for soil and cave waters were 1.8 mg/L and 25.0 mg/L, respectively, and median delta C-13-DIC compositions were -19.9 parts per thousand and -14.3 parts per thousand, respectively. During a March storm event, 12.2 cm of precipitation fell over 82 h and discharge increased from 0.01 to 0.59 m(3)/s. The isotopic composition of precipitation varied throughout the storm event because of rainout, a change of 50 parts per thousand and 10 parts per thousand for delta H-2 and delta O-18 was observed, respectively. Although, at the spring, delta H-2 and delta O-18 only changed by approximately 3 parts per thousand and 1 parts per thousand, respectively. The isotopic compositions of precipitation and pre-event (i.e., soil and bedrock matrix) water were isotopically similar and the two-component hydrograph separation was inaccurate, either overestimating (> 100%) or underestimating (< 0%) the precipitation contribution to the spring. During the storm event, spring DIC and delta C-13-DIC decreased to a minimum of 8.6 mg/L and -16.2%, respectively. If the contribution from precipitation was assumed to be zero, soil water was found to contribute between 23 to 72% of the total volume of discharge. Although the assumption of negligible contributions from precipitation is unrealistic, especially in karst systems where rapid flow through conduits occurs, the hydrograph separation using inorganic carbon highlights the importance of considering vadose-zone soil water when analyzing storm chemohydrographs. C1 [Knierim, Katherine J.] Univ Arkansas, Environm Dynam Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Pollock, Erik] Univ Arkansas, Stable Isotope Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Hays, Phillip D.] US Geol Survey, Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Hays, Phillip D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Knierim, KJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Environm Dynam Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM kknierim@uark.edu; epolloc@uark.edu; pdhays@usgs.gov FU Geological Society of America; National Speleological Society; STAR by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP917347] FX This manuscript was greatly improved by the comments from Natasa Ravbar, Tim Kresse, James Petersen, Keith Lucey, and an anonymous reviewer. Funding for this research was provided by the Geological Society of America and the National Speleological Society. This manuscript was developed under STAR Fellowship Grant Number FP917347 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this manuscript are solely those of Katherine J. Knierim, and EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The Arkansas Water Resources Center Water Quality Laboratory provided analytical support. Special thanks are given to the Bella Vista Property Owner's Association for use of the research site and non-monetary support and to the Boston Mountain Grotto for mapping Blowing Springs Cave. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU KARST RESEARCH INST ZRC SAZU PI POSTOJNA PA TITOV TRG 2, POSTOJNA, SI-6230, SLOVENIA SN 0583-6050 EI 1580-2612 J9 ACTA CARSOLOGICA JI ACTA CARSOLOGICA PY 2013 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 261 EP 276 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 296VQ UT WOS:000330213900010 ER PT J AU Herreman, J Peacock, E AF Herreman, Jason Peacock, Elizabeth TI Polar bear use of a persistent food subsidy: Insights from non-invasive genetic sampling in Alaska SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Balaena mysticetus; Beaufort Sea; bowhead whale; capture-recapture; genetic tagging; non-invasive; population estimation; subsidy; Ursus maritimus ID SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; MARK-RECAPTURE POPULATION; GRIZZLY BEARS; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; URSUS-MARITIMUS; BROWN BEARS; ICE; DNA; PROGRAM; BLACK AB Remains of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) harvested by Inupiat whalers are deposited in bone piles along the coast of Alaska and have become persistent and reliable food sources for polar bears (Ursus maritimus). The importance of bone piles to individuals and the population, the patterns of use, and the number, sex, and age of bears using these resources are poorly understood. We implemented barbed-wire hair snaring to obtain genetic identities from bears using the Point Barrow bone pile in winter 2010-11. Eighty-three percent of genotyped samples produced individual and sex identification. We identified 97 bears from 200 samples. Using genetic mark recapture techniques, we estimated that 228 bears used the bone pile during November to February, which would represent approximately 15% of the Southern Beaufort Sea polar bear subpopulation, if all bears were from this subpopulation. We found that polar bears of all age and sex classes simultaneously used the bone pile. More males than females used the bone pile, and males predominated in February, likely because 1/3 of adult females would be denning during this period. On average, bears spent 10 days at the bone pile (median = 5 days); the probability that an individual bear remained at the bone pile from week to week was 63% for females and 45% for males. Most bears in the sample were detected visiting the bone pile once or twice. We found some evidence of matrilineal fidelity to the bone pile, but the group of animals visiting the bone pile did not differ genetically from the Southern Beaufort Sea subpopulation, nor did patterns of relatedness. We demonstrate that bowhead whale bone piles may be an influential food subsidy for polar bears in the Barrow region in autumn and winter for all sex and age classes. C1 [Herreman, Jason] North Slope Borough, Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. [Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Herreman, J (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM Jason.herreman@alaska.gov FU North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management (NSBDWM); Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management; Changing Arctic Ecosystems initiative of the USGS, Ecosystems Mission Area FX We thank B. Adams, H. Brower, C. George, L. Itta, B. Person, B. Saren, T. Sformo, and H. Toovak for assistance in the field, and A. Pagano, K. Simac, and Z. Byrd for assistance with data organization. We thank J. Laake for advice with analyses. We thank T. Atwood, M. Ben-David, M. Cody, C. George, T. Sformo, two anonymous reviewers, and Associate Editor M. Obbard for constructive reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. This study was funded by the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management (NSBDWM), the Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management, and the Changing Arctic Ecosystems initiative of the USGS, Ecosystems Mission Area. Logistical support was provided by the NSBDWM. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 42 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2013 VL 24 IS 2 BP 148 EP 163 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 299SE UT WOS:000330415200006 ER PT J AU Graves, TA Fortin, JK Branan, MA AF Graves, Tabitha A. Fortin, Jennifer K. Branan, Matthew A. TI Antenna angle and height influence GPS fix success and fix type in captive grizzly bears SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE brown bear; captive bears; fix success; fix type; global positioning system; GPS; radio telemetry; Ursus arctos ID COLLAR PERFORMANCE; HABITAT SELECTION; LOCATION SYSTEM; BROWN BEARS; BIAS; ORIENTATION; BEHAVIOR AB GPS collars have greatly increased the number of locations obtained for individual animals during telemetry studies, but missed location attempts (missed fixes) may create bias in habitat analyses unless appropriately modeled. We placed GPS collars on captive grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and observed their behavior while the collars attempted to obtain locations. Bear behavior influenced indices of GPS signal attenuation, the angle of the GPS antenna to the horizon, and collar height above the ground, but because bears sometimes rotate their collars, antenna angle varied within a behavior, particularly when collars fit snugly. We used a model selection approach to evaluate the influence of the angle of the GPS antenna to the horizon, collar height above the ground, and bear behavior on fix success. The model with both antenna angle and collar height was most parsimonious. We recommend fitting GPS collars such that the GPS antenna is opposite the battery pack (i.e., oriented up) for greatest fix success. Because collars sometimes rotate, sensors recording the antenna's angle to the horizon and bear height would help researchers model missed fixes related to signal attenuation caused by behavior. Although captive bear behavior may differ from wild bears, we provide a first look at the relative influences of antenna angle, antenna height, and bear behavior. When antenna angle and height information is not available, using activity sensors and bear movement rates to identify resting behavior should be considered to reduce bias in habitat analyses of GPS collar data. C1 [Graves, Tabitha A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fortin, Jennifer K.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fortin, Jennifer K.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Branan, Matthew A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Graves, TA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, JVK Wagar 201, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tabgra@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2013 VL 24 IS 2 BP 170 EP 178 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 299SE UT WOS:000330415200008 ER PT J AU Jin, SM Homer, C Yang, LM Xian, G Fry, J Danielson, P Townsend, PA AF Jin, Suming Homer, Collin Yang, Limin Xian, George Fry, Joyce Danielson, Patrick Townsend, Philip A. TI Automated cloud and shadow detection and filling using two-date Landsat imagery in the USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COVER ASSESSMENT; SATELLITE AB A simple, efficient, and practical approach for detecting cloud and shadow areas in satellite imagery and restoring them with clean pixel values has been developed. Cloud and shadow areas are detected using spectral information from the blue, shortwave infrared, and thermal infrared bands of Landsat Thematic Mapper or Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery from two dates (a target image and a reference image). These detected cloud and shadow areas are further refined using an integration process and a false shadow removal process according to the geometric relationship between cloud and shadow. Cloud and shadow filling is based on the concept of the Spectral Similarity Group (SSG), which uses the reference image to find similar alternative pixels in the target image to serve as replacement values for restored areas. Pixels are considered to belong to one SSG if the pixel values from Landsat bands 3, 4, and 5 in the reference image are within the same spectral ranges. This new approach was applied to five Landsat path/rows across different landscapes and seasons with various types of cloud patterns. Results show that almost all of the clouds were captured with minimal commission errors, and shadows were detected reasonably well. Among five test scenes, the lowest producer's accuracy of cloud detection was 93.9% and the lowest user's accuracy was 89%. The overall cloud and shadow detection accuracy ranged from 83.6% to 99.3%. The pixel-filling approach resulted in a new cloud-free image that appears seamless and spatially continuous despite differences in phenology between the target and reference images. Our methods offer a straightforward and robust approach for preparing images for the new 2011 National Land Cover Database production. C1 [Jin, Suming; Xian, George] US Geol Survey USGS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Homer, Collin; Fry, Joyce] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Yang, Limin; Danielson, Patrick] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Townsend, Philip A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jin, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey USGS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sjin@usgs.gov RI Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008 OI Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) [G08PC91508, G10PC00044] FX The authors thank Clayton Kingdon and Peter Wolter for their valuable suggestions and discussions during the method development. We thank Thomas Adamson and Craig Walters for their great editing. We also thank James Vogelmann, Shengli Huang, and Lei Ji for their insightful reviews and comments to the article. This work was performed under US Geological Survey (USGS) contract numbers G08PC91508 and G10PC00044. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 45 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2013 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1540 EP 1560 DI 10.1080/01431161.2012.720045 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 202VJ UT WOS:000323247900003 ER PT S AU Howard, J Babij, E Griffis, R Helmuth, B Himes-Cornell, A Niemier, P Orbach, M Petes, L Allen, S Auad, G Auer, C Beard, R Boatman, M Bond, N Boyer, T Brown, D Clay, P Crane, K Cross, S Dalton, M Diamond, J Diaz, R Dortch, Q Duffy, E Fauquier, D Fisher, W Graham, M Halpern, B Hansen, L Hayum, B Herrick, S Hollowed, A Hutchins, D Jewett, E Jin, D Knowlton, N Kotowicz, D Kristiansen, T Little, P Lopez, C Loring, P Lumpkin, R Mace, A Mengerink, K Morrison, JR Murray, J Norman, K O'Donnell, J Overland, J Parsons, R Pettigrew, N Pfeiffer, L Pidgeon, E Plummer, M Polovina, J Quintrell, J Rowles, T Runge, J Rust, M Sanford, E Send, U Singer, M Speir, C Stanitski, D Thornber, C Wilson, C Xue, Y AF Howard, Jennifer Babij, Eleanora Griffis, Roger Helmuth, Brian Himes-Cornell, Amber Niemier, Paul Orbach, Michael Petes, Laura Allen, Stewart Auad, Guillermo Auer, Carol Beard, Russell Boatman, Mary Bond, Nicholas Boyer, Timothy Brown, David Clay, Patricia Crane, Katherine Cross, Scott Dalton, Michael Diamond, Jordan Diaz, Robert Dortch, Quay Duffy, Emmett Fauquier, Deborah Fisher, William Graham, Michael Halpern, Benjamin Hansen, Lara Hayum, Bryan Herrick, Samuel Hollowed, Anne Hutchins, David Jewett, Elizabeth Jin, Di Knowlton, Nancy Kotowicz, Dawn Kristiansen, Trond Little, Peter Lopez, Cary Loring, Philip Lumpkin, Rick Mace, Amber Mengerink, Kathryn Morrison, J. Ru Murray, Jason Norman, Karma O'Donnell, James Overland, James Parsons, Rost Pettigrew, Neal Pfeiffer, Lisa Pidgeon, Emily Plummer, Mark Polovina, Jeffrey Quintrell, Josie Rowles, Teressa Runge, Jeffrey Rust, Michael Sanford, Eric Send, Uwe Singer, Merrill Speir, Cameron Stanitski, Diane Thornber, Carol Wilson, Cara Xue, Yan BA Smith, IP BF Smith, IP BE Hughes, RN Hughes, DJ TI OCEANS AND MARINE RESOURCES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE SO OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE BIOLOGY: AN ANNUAL REVIEW, VOL 51 SE Oceanography and Marine Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; CARBONATE ION CONCENTRATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION AB The United States is an ocean nation-our past, present, and future are inextricably connected to and dependent on oceans and marine resources. Marine ecosystems provide many important services, including jobs, food, transportation routes, recreational opportunities, health benefits, climate regulation, and cultural heritage that affect people, communities, and economies across the United States and internationally every day. There is a wealth of information documenting the strong linkages between the planet's climate and ocean systems, as well as how changes in the climate system can produce changes in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of ocean ecosystems on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. There is relatively little information on how these climate-driven changes in ocean ecosystems may have an impact on ocean services and uses, although it is predicted that ocean-dependent users, communities, and economies will likely become increasingly vulnerable in a changing climate. Based on our current understanding and future projections of the planet's ocean systems, it is likely that Marine ecosystems will continue to be affected by anthropogenic-driven climate change into the future. This review describes how these impacts are set in motion through a suite of changes in ocean physical, chemical, and biological components and processes in US waters and the significant implications of these changes for ocean users and the communities and economies that depend on healthy oceans. US international partnerships, management challenges, opportunities, and knowledge gaps are also discussed. Effectively preparing for and responding to climate-driven changes in the ocean will require both limiting future change through reductions of greenhouse gases and adapting to the changes that we can no longer avoid. C1 [Howard, Jennifer; Griffis, Roger; Niemier, Paul; Petes, Laura; Auer, Carol; Boyer, Timothy; Clay, Patricia; Fauquier, Deborah; Jewett, Elizabeth; Kristiansen, Trond; Lopez, Cary; Rowles, Teressa] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Babij, Eleanora; Hayum, Bryan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Helmuth, Brian] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber; Dalton, Michael; Hollowed, Anne; Little, Peter; Overland, James; Pfeiffer, Lisa] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Orbach, Michael] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Allen, Stewart; Kotowicz, Dawn; Pettigrew, Neal] NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Auad, Guillermo; Boatman, Mary] Bur Ocean Energy Management, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Beard, Russell; Parsons, Rost] NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bond, Nicholas] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brown, David] NOAA, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. [Crane, Katherine; Stanitski, Diane] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Cross, Scott] NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Diamond, Jordan; Mengerink, Kathryn] Environm Law Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Diaz, Robert; Duffy, Emmett] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Dortch, Quay] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fisher, William] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Graham, Michael] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Hansen, Lara] EcoAdapt, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. [Herrick, Samuel] NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hutchins, David] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Jin, Di] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Kristiansen, Trond] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Loring, Philip] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mace, Amber] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Morrison, J. Ru] North East Reg Assoc Coastal & Ocean Observing Sy, Rye, NH 03870 USA. [Murray, Jason] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Norman, Karma; Plummer, Mark; Rust, Michael] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [O'Donnell, James] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Pidgeon, Emily] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Polovina, Jeffrey] NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Quintrell, Josie; Runge, Jeffrey] Natl Federat Reg Assoc Coastal Observing, Harpswell, ME 04079 USA. [Quintrell, Josie; Runge, Jeffrey] Univ Maine, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Sanford, Eric] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Send, Uwe] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Singer, Merrill] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Speir, Cameron] NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Thornber, Carol] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Wilson, Cara] NOAA, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Xue, Yan] NOAA, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Howard, J (reprint author), NOAA, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jennifer.Howard@noaa.gov RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 NR 771 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 59 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0078-3218 BN 978-1-4665-6866-2 J9 OCEANOGR MAR BIOL JI Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. PY 2013 VL 51 BP 71 EP 192 PG 122 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BIF30 UT WOS:000328002700002 ER PT J AU Romine, JG Musick, JA Johnson, RA AF Romine, J. G. Musick, J. A. Johnson, R. A. TI Compensatory Growth of the Sandbar Shark in the Western North Atlantic Including the Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; AGE-DETERMINATION; CHONDRICHTHYAN FISHES; BOMB RADIOCARBON; UNITED-STATES; LAMNA-NASUS; VALIDATION; PARAMETERS; SELECTION; CURVE AB The number of Sandbar Sharks Carcharhinus plumbeus in the western North Atlantic Ocean has experienced a drastic decline since the early 1980s, reaching a minimum during the early 1990s. Catch rates in the early 1990s were a mere 25% of those during the 1980s. According to several fishery-independent surveys, the low point in Sandbar Shark abundance followed a period of high exploitation. Growth models fit to age-length data collected from 1980 to 1983 and from 2001 to 2004 were compared to investigate potential changes in parameter estimates that might reveal compensatory responses in the Sandbar Shark population. Statistical differences were found between the model parameters for the two time periods, but the differences in growth rates were minimal. The parameters from the three-parameter von Bertalanffy growth model for female sharks during the 1980-1983 and 2000-2004 time periods were as follows: L = 188.4 and 178.3cm FL; k = 0.084 and 0.106; and t(0) = -4.097 and -3.41. For males the growth parameters were as follows: L = 164.63 and 173.66cm; k = 0.11 and 0.11; and t(0) = -3.62 and -3.33. The estimated age at 50% maturity for female Sandbar Sharks changed from 15years to 12.49years between the two time periods. C1 [Romine, J. G.; Musick, J. A.; Johnson, R. A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Romine, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jromine@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1080/19425120.2013.793631 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285CD UT WOS:000329369900019 ER PT J AU Flowers, HJ Hightower, JE AF Flowers, H. Jared Hightower, Joseph E. TI A Novel Approach to Surveying Sturgeon Using Side-Scan Sonar and Occupancy Modeling SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC STURGEON; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; RIVER; FISHERIES; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; POPULATION; PADDLEFISH; CAROLINA; GEORGIA AB Technological advances represent opportunities to enhance and supplement traditional fisheries sampling approaches. One example with growing importance for fisheries research is hydroacoustic technologies such as side-scan sonar. Advantages of side-scan sonar over traditional techniques include the ability to sample large areas efficiently and the potential to survey fish without physical handlingimportant for species of conservation concern, such as endangered sturgeons. Our objectives were to design an efficient survey methodology for sampling Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus by using side-scan sonar and to develop methods for analyzing these data. In North Carolina and South Carolina, we surveyed six rivers thought to contain varying abundances of sturgeon by using a combination of side-scan sonar, telemetry, and video cameras (i.e., to sample jumping sturgeon). Lower reaches of each river near the saltwater-freshwater interface were surveyed on three occasions (generally successive days), and we used occupancy modeling to analyze these data. We were able to detect sturgeon in five of six rivers by using these methods. Side-scan sonar was effective in detecting sturgeon, with estimated gear-specific detection probabilities ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 and river-specific occupancy estimates (per 2-km river segment) ranging from 0.0 to 0.8. Future extensions of this occupancy modeling framework will involve the use of side-scan sonar data to assess sturgeon habitat and abundance in different river systems. C1 [Flowers, H. Jared] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Flowers, HJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, 127 David Clark Labs,Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM hjflower@ncsu.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We thank T. Jackson for his work in the field and laboratory and in reviewing side-scan sonar and video data. We appreciate C. Collier and M. Loeffler (North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries) and W. Post (South Carolina Department of Natural Resources) for allowing us to use their telemetry-tagged sturgeon during the course of the study. We also thank N. Cole, J. Hughes, and A. Prince for assistance during preliminary phases of our side-scan sonar work. The Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.1080/19425120.2013.816396 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285CD UT WOS:000329369900021 ER PT S AU Morman, SA Garrison, VH Plumlee, GS AF Morman, Suzette A. Garrison, Virginia H. Plumlee, Geoffrey S. BE McConnell, LL Dachs, J Hapeman, CJ TI Trace Metals in Saharan Dust: The Use of in Vitro Bioaccessibility Extractions To Assess Potential Health Risks in a Dustier World SO OCCURRENCE, FATE AND IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DAILY MORTALITY; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; SOILS; LEAD; SPECIATION; FLUID; ASH AB Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) is acknowledged as a risk factor for human morbidity and mortality. Epidemiology and toxicology studies have focused on anthropogenic sources of PM and few consider contributions produced by natural processes (geogenic), or PM produced from natural sources as a result of human activities (geoanthropogenic PM). The focus of this study was to elucidate relationships between human/ecosystem health and dusts produced by a system transitioning from a dominantly natural to a geoanthropogenic PM source. As part of a larger study investigating the relationship between atmospheric transportation of African dust, human health, and coral reef declines, we examined dust samples sourced in Mali, Africa, collected using high-volume samplers from three sites (Mali, Tobago and U.S. Virgin Islands). Inhalation and ingestion exposure pathways were explored by filter extractions using simulated lung and gastric fluids. Bioaccessibility varied by metal and extraction fluid. Although too few samples were analyzed for robust statistics, concentrations for several metals decreased slightly while bioaccessibility increased at downwind sites. C1 [Morman, Suzette A.; Plumlee, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Garrison, Virginia H.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Morman, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM smorman@usgs.com NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2890-0 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1149 BP 41 EP 58 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BIF28 UT WOS:000328001100004 ER PT S AU Fellers, GM Sparling, DW McConnell, LL Kleeman, PM Drakeford, L AF Fellers, Gary M. Sparling, Donald W. McConnell, Laura L. Kleeman, Patrick M. Drakeford, Leticia BE McConnell, LL Dachs, J Hapeman, CJ TI Pesticides in Amphibian Habitats of Central and Northern California, USA SO OCCURRENCE, FATE AND IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; WATER TEMPERATURE; NATIONAL-PARKS; RANA-PIPIENS; HYLA-REGILLA; ENDOSULFAN; TOXICITY; TADPOLES AB Previous studies have indicated that toxicity from pesticide exposure may be contributing to amphibian declines in California and that atmospheric deposition could be a primary pathway for pesticides to enter amphibian habitats. We report on a survey of California wetlands sampled along transects associated with Lassen Volcanic National Park, Lake Tahoe, Yosemite National Park, and Sequoia National Park. Each transect ran from the Pacific coast to the Cascades or Sierra Nevada mountains. Pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla), water, and sediment were collected from wetlands in 2001 and 2002. Twenty-three pesticides were found in frog, water, or sediment samples. Six contaminants including trifluralin, alpha-endosulfan, chlordanes, and trans-nonachlor were found in adult P regilla. Seventeen contaminants were found in sediments, including endosulfan sulfate, chlordanes, 1-chloro-4[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene (4,4'-DDE), and chlorpyrifos. The mean number of chemicals detected per pond in sediments was 2.4 (2.5, standard deviation). C1 [Fellers, Gary M.; Kleeman, Patrick M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Sparling, Donald W.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.; Drakeford, Leticia] ARS, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@att.net NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2890-0 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1149 BP 123 EP 150 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BIF28 UT WOS:000328001100008 ER PT J AU Caldwell, MK Hawbaker, TJ Briggs, JS Cigan, PW Stitt, S AF Caldwell, M. K. Hawbaker, T. J. Briggs, J. S. Cigan, P. W. Stitt, S. TI Simulated impacts of mountain pine beetle and wildfire disturbances on forest vegetation composition and carbon stocks in the Southern Rocky Mountains SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; LODGEPOLE PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATURAL DISTURBANCES; STAND DEVELOPMENT; TREE MORTALITY; WILDLAND FIRE AB Forests play an important role in sequestering carbon and offsetting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, but changing disturbance regimes may compromise the capability of forests to store carbon. In the Southern Rocky Mountains, a recent outbreak of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; MPB) has caused remarkable levels of tree mortality. To evaluate the long-term impacts of both this insect outbreak and another characteristic disturbance in these forests, high-severity wildfire, we simulated potential changes in species composition and carbon stocks using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS). Simulations were completed for 3 scenarios (no disturbance, actual MPB infestation, and modeled wildfire) using field data collected in 2010 at 97 plots in the lodgepole-pine-dominated forests of eastern Grand County, Colorado, which were heavily impacted by MPB after 2002. Results of the simulations showed that (1) lodgepole pine remained dominant over time in all scenarios, with basal area recovering to pre-disturbance levels 70-80 yr after disturbance; (2) wildfire caused a greater magnitude of change than did MPB in both patterns of succession and distribution of carbon among biomass pools; (3) levels of standing-live carbon returned to pre-disturbance conditions after 40 vs. 50 yr following MPB vs. wildfire disturbance, respectively, but took 120 vs. 150 yr to converge with conditions in the undisturbed scenario. Lodgepole pine forests appear to be relatively resilient to both of the disturbances we modeled, although changes in climate, future disturbance regimes, and other factors may significantly affect future rates of regeneration and ecosystem response. C1 [Caldwell, M. K.; Hawbaker, T. J.; Briggs, J. S.; Stitt, S.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Cigan, P. W.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. RP Hawbaker, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, POB 25046,MS 980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM tjhawbaker@usgs.gov OI Caldwell, Megan K./0000-0003-0759-2793 FU US Geological Survey Land Change Science program; US Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing program FX The US Geological Survey Land Change Science and Land Remote Sensing programs provided funding to support this project. We would also like to acknowledge the hard work of our field crew members: J. Kolm, E. Schwid and S. Hudak. The staff of the Forest Management Service Center provided technical support for the Forest Vegetation Simulator. Discussions with and data shared by M. Battaglia and D. Vandendriesche greatly helped to improve the ecological realism of our simulations, and their help is greatly appreciated. We are also grateful for additional comments provided by A. Hudak and an anonymous reviewer through the Biogeosciences Discussions website which also helped to improve this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 95 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 34 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 12 BP 8203 EP 8222 DI 10.5194/bg-10-8203-2013 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 280TV UT WOS:000329054600026 ER PT J AU Yue, C Ciais, P Luyssaert, S Cadule, P Harden, J Randerson, J Bellassen, V Wang, T Piao, SL Poulter, B Viovy, N AF Yue, C. Ciais, P. Luyssaert, S. Cadule, P. Harden, J. Randerson, J. Bellassen, V. Wang, T. Piao, S. L. Poulter, B. Viovy, N. TI Simulating boreal forest carbon dynamics after stand-replacing fire disturbance: insights from a global process-based vegetation model SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; INTERIOR ALASKA; JACK PINE; WOODY DEBRIS; ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE; CHRONOSEQUENCE; BALANCE; CANADA; AGE AB Stand-replacing fires are the dominant fire type in North American boreal forests. They leave a historical legacy of a mosaic landscape of different aged forest cohorts. This forest age dynamics must be included in vegetation models to accurately quantify the role of fire in the historical and current regional forest carbon balance. The present study adapted the global process-based vegetation model ORCHIDEE to simulate the CO2 emissions from boreal forest fire and the subsequent recovery after a stand-replacing fire; the model represents postfire new cohort establishment, forest stand structure and the self-thinning process. Simulation results are evaluated against observations of three clusters of postfire forest chronosequences in Canada and Alaska. The variables evaluated include: fire carbon emissions, CO2 fluxes (gross primary production, total ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem exchange), leaf area index, and biometric measurements (aboveground biomass carbon, forest floor carbon, woody debris carbon, stand individual density, stand basal area, and mean diameter at breast height). When forced by local climate and the atmospheric CO2 history at each chronosequence site, the model simulations generally match the observed CO2 fluxes and carbon stock data well, with model-measurement mean square root of deviation comparable with the measurement accuracy (for CO2 flux similar to 100 g C m(-2) yr(-1), for biomass carbon similar to 1000 g C m(-2) and for soil carbon similar to 2000 g C m(-2)). We find that the current postfire forest carbon sink at the evaluation sites, as observed by chronosequence methods, is mainly due to a combination of historical CO2 increase and forest succession. Climate change and variability during this period offsets some of these expected carbon gains. The negative impacts of climate were a likely consequence of increasing water stress caused by significant temperature increases that were not matched by concurrent increases in precipitation. Our simulation results demonstrate that a global vegetation model such as ORCHIDEE is able to capture the essential ecosystem processes in fire-disturbed boreal forests and produces satisfactory results in terms of both carbon fluxes and carbon-stock evolution after fire. This makes the model suitable for regional simulations in boreal regions where fire regimes play a key role in the ecosystem carbon balance. C1 [Yue, C.; Ciais, P.; Luyssaert, S.; Cadule, P.; Wang, T.; Poulter, B.; Viovy, N.] LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ, UMR8212, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Harden, J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Randerson, J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Bellassen, V.] CDC Climat, F-75009 Paris, France. [Piao, S. L.] Peking Univ, Dept Ecol, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Yue, C (reprint author), LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ, UMR8212, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM chao.yue@lsce.ipsl.fr RI wang, tao/H-2830-2013; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/F-6684-2011; OI wang, tao/0000-0003-4792-5898; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/0000-0003-1121-1869 FU fire_cci project; European Space Agency; CFCAS; NSERC; BIOCAP; Environment Canada; NRCan; CarboEuropeIP; FAO-GTOS-TCO; iLEAPS; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; National Science Foundation; University of Tuscia; Universite Laval; US Department of Energy FX This study was supported by the fire_cci project (http://www.esa-fire-cci.org/), funded by the European Space Agency. The authors would like to thank S. Yi for providing the climate data for the meteorological stations of Delta Junction and Fairbanks, Alaska. We thank B. D. Amiro for providing the CO2 flux data and the constructive comments and M. L. Goulden for providing carbon flux data from the Manitoba sites. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive reviews of previous versions of this paper. This work used eddy covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux (US Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program (DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911)), AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada, and NRCan), Green-Grass, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux, TCOS-Siberia, USCCC. We acknowledge the financial support to the eddy covariance data harmonization provided by CarboEuropeIP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia, Universite Laval and Environment Canada and US Department of Energy and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California - Berkeley, University of Virginia. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 12 BP 8233 EP 8252 DI 10.5194/bg-10-8233-2013 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 280TV UT WOS:000329054600028 ER PT J AU Artan, GA Verdin, JP Lietzow, R AF Artan, G. A. Verdin, J. P. Lietzow, R. TI Large scale snow water equivalent status monitoring: comparison of different snow water products in the upper Colorado Basin SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; MOUNTAIN BASINS; RIVER-BASIN; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; RESOLUTION; HYDROLOGY; RADIATION; TERRAIN AB We illustrate the ability to monitor the status of snow water content over large areas by using a spatially distributed snow accumulation and ablation model that uses data from a weather forecast model in the upper Colorado Basin. The model was forced with precipitation fields from the National Weather Service (NWS) Multi-sensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data-sets; remaining meteorological model input data were from NOAA's Global Forecast System (GFS) model output fields. The simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) was compared to SWEs from the Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) and SNOwpack TELemetry system (SNOTEL) over a region of the western US that covers parts of the upper Colorado Basin. We also compared the SWE product estimated from the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) and scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) to the SNODAS and SNOTEL SWE data-sets. Agreement between the spatial distributions of the simulated SWE with MPE data was high with both SNODAS and SNOTEL. Model-simulated SWE with TRMM precipitation and SWE estimated from the passive microwave imagery were not significantly correlated spatially with either SNODAS or the SNOTEL SWE. Average basin-wide SWE simulated with the MPE and the TRMM data were highly correlated with both SNODAS (r = 0.94 and r = 0.64; d.f.= 14 - d.f.= degrees of freedom) and SNOTEL (r = 0.93 and r = 0.68; d.f. = 14). The SWE estimated from the passive microwave imagery was significantly correlated with the SNODAS SWE (r = 0.55, d.f. = 9, p = 0.05) but was not significantly correlated with the SNOTEL-reported SWE values (r = 0.45, d.f. = 9, p = 0.05). The results indicate the applicability of the snow energy balance model for monitoring snow water content at regional scales when coupled with meteorological data of acceptable quality. The two snow water contents from the microwave imagery (SMMR and SSM/I) and the Utah Energy Balance forced with the TRMM precipitation data were found to be unreliable sources for mapping SWE in the study area; both data sets lacked discernible variability of snow water content between sites as seen in the SNOTEL and SNODAS SWE data. This study will contribute to better understanding the adequacy of data from weather forecast models, TRMM, and microwave imagery for monitoring status of the snow water content. C1 [Artan, G. A.] USGS, ASRC Fed InuTeq LLC, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Verdin, J. P.; Lietzow, R.] USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Artan, GA (reprint author), USGS, ASRC Fed InuTeq LLC, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. EM gartan@usgs.gov FU USGS [G13PC00028] FX The authors would like to thank Gabriel Senay, Lei Ji, and Thomas Adamson for helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. We also would like to thank two anonymous referees for their constructive comments, which led to substantial improvements in the manuscript. The work of Guleid Artan was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 12 BP 5127 EP 5139 DI 10.5194/hess-17-5127-2013 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 280WL UT WOS:000329061400026 ER PT J AU Deems, JS Painter, TH Barsugli, JJ Belnap, J Udall, B AF Deems, J. S. Painter, T. H. Barsugli, J. J. Belnap, J. Udall, B. TI Combined impacts of current and future dust deposition and regional warming on Colorado River Basin snow dynamics and hydrology SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; WATER-RESOURCES; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; RUNOFF; VARIABILITY AB The Colorado River provides water to 40 million people in seven western states and two countries and to 5.5 million irrigated acres. The river has long been over-allocated. Climate models project runoff losses of 5-20 % from the basin by mid-21st century due to human-induced climate change. Recent work has shown that decreased snow albedo from anthropogenic dust loading to the CO mountains shortens the duration of snow cover by several weeks relative to conditions prior to western expansion of the US in the mid-1800s, and advances peak runoff at Lees Ferry, Arizona, by an average of 3 weeks. Increases in evapotranspiration from earlier exposure of soils and germination of plants have been estimated to decrease annual runoff by more than 1.0 billion cubic meters, or similar to 5% of the annual average. This prior work was based on observed dust loadings during 2005-2008; however, 2009 and 2010 saw unprecedented levels of dust loading on snowpacks in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), being on the order of 5 times the 2005-2008 loading. Building on our prior work, we developed a new snow albedo decay parameterization based on observations in 2009/10 to mimic the radiative forcing of extreme dust deposition. We convolve low, moderate, and extreme dust/snow albedos with both historic climate forcing and two future climate scenarios via a delta method perturbation of historic records. Compared to moderate dust, extreme dust absorbs 2 x to 4 x the solar radiation, and shifts peak snowmelt an additional 3 weeks earlier to a total of 6 weeks earlier than pre-disturbance. The extreme dust scenario reduces annual flow volume an additional 1% (6 % compared to pre-disturbance), a smaller difference than from low to moderate dust scenarios due to melt season shifting into a season of lower evaporative demand. The sensitivity of flow timing to dust radiative forcing of snow albedo is maintained under future climate scenarios, but the sensitivity of flow volume reductions decreases with increased climate forcing. These results have implications for water management and suggest that dust abatement efforts could be an important component of any climate adaptation strategies in the UCRB. C1 [Deems, J. S.; Barsugli, J. J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES NOAA Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Deems, J. S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Painter, T. H.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barsugli, J. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT USA. [Udall, B.] Univ Colorado, Sch Law, Getches Wilkinson Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Deems, JS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES NOAA Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM deems@nsidc.org RI Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016 OI Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396; Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670 FU NOAA Climate Program Office through the Western Water Assessment RISA at CIRES, University of Colorado-Boulder; NASA [NNX10AO97G] FX Thanks to C. Landry and the Center for Snow and Avalanche Sciences for sustained snow energy balance monitoring, L. Brekke at the Bureau of Reclamation for providing regridded climate model projections, to M. Elsner and A. Hamlet for VIC model technical assistance and discussions, and to R. Reynolds for a technical review. We also thank T. Meixner and an anonymous reviewer for substantive critiques that improved the readability and clarity of the manuscript. This research was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office through the Western Water Assessment RISA at CIRES, University of Colorado-Boulder, and by NASA under Interdisciplinary Sciences grant # NNX10AO97G. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 11 BP 4401 EP 4413 DI 10.5194/hess-17-4401-2013 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 263IG UT WOS:000327800700008 ER PT S AU Yule, DL Moore, SA Ebener, MP Claramunt, RM Pratt, TC Salawater, LL Connerton, MJ AF Yule, Daniel L. Moore, Seth A. Ebener, Mark P. Claramunt, Randall M. Pratt, Thomas C. Salawater, Lorrie L. Connerton, Michael J. BE Wanzenbock, J Winfield, IJ TI Morphometric variation among spawning cisco aggregations in the Laurentian Great Lakes: are historic forms still present? SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 2011 SE Advances in Limnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on the Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Mondsee, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Acad Sci, Austrian Fed Minist Sci & Res, Prov Govt Upper Austria, Community Mondsee DE cisco; morphotypes; contemporary; historic; photographs; rehabilitation ID DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; WATER FISHES; SUPERIOR; ECOLOGY; COREGONUS; WHITEFISH; TELEOSTEI; RECOVERY; STOCKS AB Cisco (Coregonus artedi Leseur, formerly lake herring Leucichthys artedi Leseur) populations in each of the Laurentian Great Lakes collapsed between the late 1920s and early 1960s following a multitude of stressors, and never recovered in Lakes Michigan, Erie and Ontario. Prior to their collapse, Koelz (1929) studied Leucichthys spp. in the Great Lakes basin and provided a description of their diversity. Three cisco morphotypes were described; a 'slim terete' morphotype (L. artedi artedi), a 'deep compressed' morphotype (L. artedi albus), and a deep-bodied form resembling tullibee in western Canadian lakes (L. artedi manitoulinus). Based on body measurements of 159 individuals (Koelz 1929), we used discriminant function analysis (DFA) to discriminate historic morphotypes. Shapes of historic morphotypes were found to vary significantly (Pillai's trace = 1.16, P < 0.0001). The final DFA model used nine body measurements and correctly classified 90% of the historic cisco. Important discriminating measurements included body depth, eye diameter, and dorsal fin base and height. Between October-November of 2007-2011, we sampled cisco from 16 Great Lakes sites collecting digital photographs of over 1,700 individuals. We applied the DFA model to their body measurements and classified each individual to a morphotype. Contemporary cisco from Lakes Superior, Ontario and Michigan were predominantly classified as artedi, while the most common classifications from northern Lake Huron were albus and manitoulinus. Finding historic morphotypes is encouraging because it suggests that the morphological variation present prior to their collapse still exists. We conclude that contemporary cisco having shapes matching the missing historic morphotypes in the lower lakes warrant special consideration as potential donor populations in reestablishment efforts. C1 [Yule, Daniel L.; Salawater, Lorrie L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Moore, Seth A.] Grand Portage Band Lake Super Chippewa, Grand Portage, MN 55605 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Claramunt, Randall M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. [Pratt, Thomas C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Connerton, Michael J.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13061 USA. RP Yule, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dyule@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1612-166X BN 978-3-510-47066-2 J9 ADV LIMNOL JI Adv. Limnol. PY 2013 VL 64 BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1127/1612-166X/2013/0064-0022 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJH55 UT WOS:000328231900010 ER PT S AU Stott, W Ebener, MP Mohr, L Hartman, T Johnson, J Roseman, EF AF Stott, Wendylee Ebener, Mark P. Mohr, Lloyd Hartman, Travis Johnson, Jim Roseman, Edward F. BE Wanzenbock, J Winfield, IJ TI Spatial and temporal genetic diversity of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill)) from Lake Huron and Lake Erie SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 2011 SE Advances in Limnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on the Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Mondsee, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Acad Sci, Austrian Fed Minist Sci & Res, Prov Govt Upper Austria, Community Mondsee DE Allelic richness; Archival samples; Genetic bottleneck; Genetic diversity; Laurentian Great Lakes; Microsatellite DNA; Population structure; Temporal changes ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; UPPER GREAT-LAKES; POPULATION-SIZE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; FISH COMMUNITY; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO; DNA; CATOSTOMIDAE; RAREFACTION AB Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill)) are important commercially, culturally, and ecologically in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Stocks of lake whitefish in the Great Lakes have recovered from low levels of abundance in the 1960s. Reductions in abundance, loss of habitat and environmental degradation can be accompanied by losses of genetic diversity and overall fitness that may persist even as populations recover demographically. Therefore, it is important to be able to identify stocks that have reduced levels of genetic diversity. In this study, we investigated patterns of genetic diversity at microsatellite DNA loci in lake whitefish collected between 1927 and 1929 (historical period) and between 1997 and 2005 (contemporary period) from Lake Huron and Lake Erie. Genetic analysis of lake whitefish from Lakes Huron and Erie shows that the amount of population structuring varies from lake to lake. Greater genetic divergences among collections from Lake Huron may be the result of sampling scale, migration patterns and demographic processes. Fluctuations in abundance of lake whitefish populations may have resulted in periods of increased genetic drift that have resulted in changes in allele frequencies over time, but periodic genetic drift was not severe enough to result in a significant loss of genetic diversity. Migration among stocks may have decreased levels of genetic differentiation while not completely obscuring stock boundaries. Recent changes in spatial boundaries to stocks, the number of stocks and life history characteristics of stocks further demonstrate the potential of coregonids for a swift and varied response to environmental change and emphasise the importance of incorporating both spatial and temporal considerations into management plans to ensure that diversity is preserved. C1 [Stott, Wendylee] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Mohr, Lloyd] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Huron Management Unit, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada. [Hartman, Travis] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Johnson, Jim] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fisheries Res Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Roseman, Edward F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Stott, W (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM wstott@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1612-166X BN 978-3-510-47066-2 J9 ADV LIMNOL JI Adv. Limnol. PY 2013 VL 64 BP 205 EP 222 DI 10.1127/1612-166X/2013/0064-0015 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJH55 UT WOS:000328231900015 ER PT J AU Leet, JK Lesteberg, KE Schoenfuss, HL Olmstead, AW Amberg, JJ Ankley, GT Sepulveda, MS AF Leet, J. K. Lesteberg, K. E. Schoenfuss, H. L. Olmstead, A. W. Amberg, J. J. Ankley, G. T. Sepulveda, M. S. TI Sex-Specific Gonadal and Gene Expression Changes throughout Development in Fathead Minnow SO SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE ar; cyp17; cyp19a; Developmental gene expression; dmrt1; esr1; Fathead minnow; star ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FACTOR-I; DIFFERENTIATION; FISH; MECHANISM; PROFILES; TILAPIA; GROWTH; TISSUE; DMRT1 AB Although fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) are commonly used as a model fish in endocrine disruption studies, past studies have not characterized sex-specific baseline expression of genes involved in sex differentiation during development in this species. Using a sex-linked DNA marker to verify gender, we evaluated the expression over time of genes involved in sex differentiation (dmrt1, cyp19a, cyp17, star, esr1, ar) in developing fathead minnows (10-45 days post hatch). Evaluation of these molecular markers in combination with gender identification help us to better understand the mechanisms regulating sex differentiation in fathead minnows and how endocrine-disrupting chemicals may alter these processes. (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Leet, J. K.; Sepulveda, M. S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lesteberg, K. E.; Schoenfuss, H. L.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Olmstead, A. W.] Bayer CropSci, Environm Toxicol & Risk Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Amberg, J. J.] US Geol Serv, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Ankley, G. T.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. RP Leet, JK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jleet@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014; OI Lesteberg, Kelsey/0000-0002-3081-457X NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-5425 EI 1661-5433 J9 SEX DEV JI Sex. Dev. PY 2013 VL 7 IS 6 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1159/000353877 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 269SE UT WOS:000328261400005 PM 23948860 ER PT J AU Stoy, PC Dietze, MC Richardson, AD Vargas, R Barr, AG Anderson, RS Arain, MA Baker, IT Black, TA Chen, JM Cook, RB Gough, CM Grant, RF Hollinger, DY Izaurralde, RC Kucharik, CJ Lafleur, P Law, BE Liu, S Lokupitiya, E Luo, Y Munger, JW Peng, C Poulter, B Price, DT Ricciuto, DM Riley, WJ Sahoo, AK Schaefer, K Schwalm, CR Tian, H Verbeeck, H Weng, E AF Stoy, P. C. Dietze, M. C. Richardson, A. D. Vargas, R. Barr, A. G. Anderson, R. S. Arain, M. A. Baker, I. T. Black, T. A. Chen, J. M. Cook, R. B. Gough, C. M. Grant, R. F. Hollinger, D. Y. Izaurralde, R. C. Kucharik, C. J. Lafleur, P. Law, B. E. Liu, S. Lokupitiya, E. Luo, Y. Munger, J. W. Peng, C. Poulter, B. Price, D. T. Ricciuto, D. M. Riley, W. J. Sahoo, A. K. Schaefer, K. Schwalm, C. R. Tian, H. Verbeeck, H. Weng, E. TI Evaluating the agreement between measurements and models of net ecosystem exchange at different times and timescales using wavelet coherence: an example using data from the North American Carbon Program Site-Level Interim Synthesis SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; BOREAL FORESTS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; CANOPY NITROGEN; CO2; TEMPERATE AB Earth system processes exhibit complex patterns across time, as do the models that seek to replicate these processes. Model output may or may not be significantly related to observations at different times and on different frequencies. Conventional model diagnostics provide an aggregate view of model-data agreement, but usually do not identify the time and frequency patterns of model-data disagreement, leaving unclear the steps required to improve model response to environmental drivers that vary on characteristic frequencies. Wavelet coherence can quantify the times and timescales at which two time series, for example time series of models and measurements, are significantly different. We applied wavelet coherence to interpret the predictions of 20 ecosystem models from the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Site-Level Interim Synthesis when confronted with eddy-covariance-measured net ecosystem exchange (NEE) from 10 ecosystems with multiple years of available data. Models were grouped into classes with similar approaches for incorporating phenology, the calculation of NEE, the inclusion of foliar nitrogen (N), and the use of model-data fusion. Models with prescribed, rather than prognostic, phenology often fit NEE observations better on annual to interannual timescales in grassland, wetland and agricultural ecosystems. Models that calculated NEE as net primary productivity (NPP) minus heterotrophic respiration (HR) rather than gross ecosystem productivity (GPP) minus ecosystem respiration (ER) fit better on annual timescales in grassland and wetland ecosystems, but models that calculated NEE as GPP minus ER were superior on monthly to seasonal timescales in two coniferous forests. Models that incorporated foliar nitrogen (N) data were successful at capturing NEE variability on interannual (multiple year) timescales at Howland Forest, Maine. The model that employed a model-data fusion approach often, but not always, resulted in improved fit to data, suggesting that improving model parameterization is important but not the only step for improving model performance. Combined with previous findings, our results suggest that the mechanisms driving daily and annual NEE variability tend to be correctly simulated, but the magnitude of these fluxes is often erroneous, suggesting that model parameterization must be improved. Few NACP models correctly predicted fluxes on seasonal and interannual timescales where spectral energy in NEE observations tends to be low, but where phenological events, multi-year oscillations in climatological drivers, and ecosystem succession are known to be important for determining ecosystem function. Mechanistic improvements to models must be made to replicate observed NEE variability on seasonal and interannual timescales. C1 [Stoy, P. C.] Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Dietze, M. C.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Richardson, A. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vargas, R.] Univ Delaware, Delaware Environm Inst, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Barr, A. G.] Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Div Climate Res, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Anderson, R. S.] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Arain, M. A.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Arain, M. A.] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Climate Change, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Baker, I. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Black, T. A.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Cook, R. B.; Ricciuto, D. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gough, C. M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Grant, R. F.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Hollinger, D. Y.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Izaurralde, R. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Izaurralde, R. C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kucharik, C. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kucharik, C. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lafleur, P.] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Law, B. E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Liu, S.] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Lokupitiya, E.] Univ Colombo, Dept Zool, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka. [Luo, Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Peng, C.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Poulter, B.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Price, D. T.] Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Riley, W. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sahoo, A. K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schaefer, K.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr NSIDC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schwalm, C. R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Tian, H.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Verbeeck, H.] Univ Ghent, Lab Plant Ecol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Weng, E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Stoy, PC (reprint author), Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM paul.stoy@montana.edu RI Dietze, Michael/A-5834-2009; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Weng, Ensheng/E-4390-2012; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Vargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008; OI Dietze, Michael/0000-0002-2324-2518; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231; Weng, Ensheng/0000-0002-1858-4847; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600 FU US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX06AE65G]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA07OAR4310115]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [OPP-0352957] FX First and foremost, we wish to thank all of the researchers involved in eddy covariance data collection and curation, and in model development and testing. P. C. Stoy thanks Matteo Detto and Aslak Grinsted for helpful discussions and code examples regarding wavelet coherence and the National Science Foundation (Scaling ecosystem function: Novel Approaches from MaxEnt and Multiresolution, DBI # 1021095). We would like to thank the North American Carbon Program Site-Level Interim Synthesis team, the Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, and Larry Flanagan for collecting, organizing, and distributing the model output and flux observations required for this analysis. We also thank Robert Bemis for creating the MATLAB code that followed the suggestions of Light and Bartlein (2004) for improved use of color in images. This study was in part supported by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant NNX06AE65G, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) grant NA07OAR4310115, and the US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OPP-0352957 to the University of Colorado at Boulder. This study was part of the North American Carbon Program. NR 87 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 43 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 11 BP 6893 EP 6909 DI 10.5194/bg-10-6893-2013 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 263NG UT WOS:000327814700010 ER PT J AU Abramov, O Kring, DA Mojzsis, SJ AF Abramov, Oleg Kring, David A. Mojzsis, Stephen J. TI The impact environment of the Hadean Earth SO CHEMIE DER ERDE-GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Hadean; Zircon; Late heavy bombardment; Origin of life; Thermal modeling; Cratering processes ID LATE HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; MAIN ASTEROID BELT; U-PB; LUNAR CATACLYSM; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; THERMAL HISTORY; WEST GREENLAND; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS AB Impact bombardment in the first billion years of solar system history determined in large part the initial physical and chemical states of the inner planets and their potential to host biospheres. The range of physical states and thermal consequences of the impact epoch, however, are not Well quantified. Here, we assess these effects on the young Earth's crust as well as the likelihood that a record of such effects could be preserved in the oldest terrestrial minerals and rocks. We place special emphasis on modeling the thermal effects of the late heavy bombardment (LHB) - a putative spike in the number of impacts at about 3.9 Gyr ago - using several different numerical modeling and analytical techniques. A comprehensive array of impact-produced heat sources was evaluated which includes shock heating, impact melt generation, uplift, and ejecta heating. Results indicate that similar to 1.5-2.5 vol.% of the upper 20 km of Earth's crust was melted in the LHB, with only similar to 0.3-1.5 vol.% in a molten state at any given time. The model predicts that approximately 5-10% of the planet's surface area was covered by >1 km deep impact melt sheets. A global average of similar to 600-800 m of ejecta and similar to 800-1000 m of condensed rock vapor is predicted to have been deposited in the LHB, with most of the condensed rock vapor produced by the largest (>100-km) projectiles. To explore for a record of such catastrophic events, we created two- and three-dimensional models of post-impact cooling of ejecta and craters, coupled to diffusion models of radiogenic Pb*-loss in zircons. We used this to estimate what the cumulative effects of putative LHB-induced age resetting would be of Hadean zircons on a global scale. Zircons entrained in ejecta are projected to have the following average global distribution after the end of the LHB: similar to 59% with no impact-induced Pb*-loss, similar to 26% with partial Pb*-loss and similar to 15% with complete Pb*-loss or destruction of the grain. In addition to the relatively high erodibility of ejecta, our results show that if discordant ca. 3.9 Gyr old zones in the Jack Hills zircons are a signature of the LHB, they were most likely sourced from impact ejecta. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Abramov, Oleg] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kring, David A.] Ctr Lunar Sci & Explorat, USRA Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Mojzsis, Stephen J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, CLOE, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mojzsis, Stephen J.] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Mojzsis, Stephen J.] Univ Lyon 1, Lab Geol Lyon, CNRS UMR 5276, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Mojzsis, Stephen J.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Inst Geol & Geochem Res, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. RP Mojzsis, SJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, CLOE, 2200 Colorado Ave,UCB 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mojzsis@colorado.edu FU NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program (Investigating the Hadean Earth); NASA Lunar Science Institute; NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program [NNH12AU58I]; J. William Fulbright Foundation; Laboratoire Geologie de Lyon - UCBL1 ENS FX We have benefited from discussions and debates on these topics with (in alphabetical order): W. Bottke, R. Buick, N. Cates, C. Chapman, L. Dones, E. Frank, M. Harrison, M. Hopkins, H. Levison, C. Lineweaver, K. McKeegan, B. Marty, A. Morbidelli, N. Pace, N. Sleep, D. Stevenson, D. Trail, B. Watson, M. Wielicki, M. Yarus and K. Zahnle. Comments to the manuscript by S. Schwenzer and an anonymous reviewer were very constructive. O.A., D.A.K. and S.J.M. acknowledge support from the NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program (Investigating the Hadean Earth), and the NASA Lunar Science Institute. O.A. gratefully acknowledges funding from the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program under Interagency Agreement Number NNH12AU58I. Additional support to S.J.M. was provided by the J. William Fulbright Foundation and Laboratoire Geologie de Lyon - UCBL1 & ENS. This manuscript was completed while S.J.M. held a Distinguished Visiting Professorship in Budapest at the Research Center for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. K. Meech, K. Keil, G. Huss, E. Gaidos and many other colleagues at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa are thanked for their hospitality over several visits to the islands where this work was discussed in its early stages. We express our sincere gratitude to Associate Editor Klaus Keil for inviting us to prepare review and for his patience during this manuscript's unusually long gestation time. Mahalo Klaus! NR 179 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0009-2819 EI 1611-5864 J9 CHEM ERDE-GEOCHEM JI Chem Erde-Geochem. PY 2013 VL 73 IS 3 BP 227 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.chemer.2013.08.004 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 255HG UT WOS:000327229400001 ER PT J AU Saalfeld, ST Lanctot, RB Brown, SC Saalfeld, DT Johnson, JA Andres, BA Bart, JR AF Saalfeld, Sarah T. Lanctot, Richard B. Brown, Stephen C. Saalfeld, David T. Johnson, James A. Andres, Brad A. Bart, Jonathan R. TI Predicting breeding shorebird distributions on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Arctic; breeding; coastal plain; habitat suitability; niche model; North Slope; partitioned Mahalanobis distance; shorebirds ID TESHEKPUK LAKE; NEST SURVIVAL; HABITAT USE; ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE; TRENDS; TUNDRA; BIRDS; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS AB The Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska is an important region for millions of migrating and nesting shorebirds. However, this region is threatened by climate change and increased human development (e.g., oil and gas production) that have the potential to greatly impact shorebird populations and breeding habitat in the near future. Because historic data on shorebird distributions in the ACP are very coarse and incomplete, we sought to develop detailed, contemporary distribution maps so that the potential impacts of climate-mediated changes and development could be ascertained. To do this, we developed and mapped habitat suitability indices for eight species of shorebirds (Black-bellied Plover [Pluvialis squatarola], American Golden-Plover [Pluvialis dominica], Semipalmated Sandpiper [Calidris pusilla], Pectoral Sandpiper [Calidris melanotos], Dunlin [Calidris alpina], Long-billed Dowitcher [Limno-dromus scolopaceus], Red-necked Phalarope [Phalaropus lobatus], and Red Phalarope [Phalaropus fulicarius]) that commonly breed within the ACP of Alaska. These habitat suitability models were based on 767 plots surveyed during nine years between 1998 and 2008 (surveys were not conducted in 2003 and 2005), using single-visit rapid area searches during territory establishment and incubation (8 June-1 July). Species-specific habitat suitability indices were developed and mapped using presence-only modeling techniques (partitioned Mahalanobis distance) and landscape environmental variables. For most species, habitat suitability increased at lower elevations (i.e., near the coast and river deltas) and decreased within upland habitats. Accuracy of models was high for all species, ranging from 65-98%. Our models predicted that the largest fraction of suitable habitat for the majority of species occurred within the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, with highly suitable habitat also occurring within coastal areas of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge west to Prudhoe Bay. C1 [Saalfeld, Sarah T.; Brown, Stephen C.] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. [Saalfeld, Sarah T.; Lanctot, Richard B.; Saalfeld, David T.; Johnson, James A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bart, Jonathan R.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Saalfeld, ST (reprint author), Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, POB 1770, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. EM saalfeldst@gmail.com FU Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences FX Financial, logistical, and technical support for summarizing these data was provided by the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences. We thank all the surveyors for their long hours of field work and the many pilots that ferried us to our survey locations in a safe manner that made this study possible. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with U. S. Geological Survey Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov.circ/1367). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Habitat suitability data for each species across the ACP are available electronically from the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative (www.arcticlcc.org). NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 47 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2013 VL 4 IS 1 AR UNSP 16 DI 10.1890/ES12-00292.1 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256JI UT WOS:000327305900016 ER PT J AU Storm, DJ Samuel, MD Rolley, RE Shelton, P Keuler, NS Richards, BJ Van Deelen, TR AF Storm, Daniel J. Samuel, Michael D. Rolley, Robert E. Shelton, Paul Keuler, Nicholas S. Richards, Bryan J. Van Deelen, Timothy R. TI Deer density and disease prevalence influence transmission of chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease (CWD); density dependence; disease management; disease transmission; frequency dependence; Odocoileus virginianus; prion disease; white-tailed deer; wildlife disease; Wisconsin; USA ID MULE DEER; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; PRION DISEASE; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES; SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; INDUCED EXTINCTION; WILDLIFE EPIDEMIC AB Host-parasite dynamics and strategies for managing infectious diseases of wildlife depend on the functional relationship between disease transmission rates and host density. However, the disease transmission function is rarely known for free-living wildlife, leading to uncertainty regarding the impacts of diseases on host populations and effective control actions. We evaluated the influence of deer density, landscape features, and soil clay content on transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in young (<2-year-old) white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in south-central Wisconsin, USA. We evaluated how frequency-dependent, density-dependent, and intermediate transmission models predicted CWD incidence rates in harvested yearling deer. An intermediate transmission model, incorporating both disease prevalence and density of infected deer, performed better than simple density- and frequency-dependent models. Our results indicate a combination of social structure, non-linear relationships between infectious contact and deer density, and distribution of disease among groups are important factors driving CWD infection in young deer. The landscape covariates % deciduous forest cover and forest edge density also were positively associated with infection rates, but soil clay content had no measurable influences on CWD transmission. Lack of strong density-dependent transmission rates indicates that controlling CWD by reducing deer density will be difficult. The consequences of non-linear disease transmission and aggregation of disease on cervid populations deserves further consideration. C1 [Storm, Daniel J.; Van Deelen, Timothy R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Storm, Daniel J.; Rolley, Robert E.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Sci Serv, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Shelton, Paul] Illinois Dept Nat Resources, Springfield, IL 62702 USA. [Keuler, Nicholas S.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Richards, Bryan J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Storm, DJ (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Sci Serv, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM daniel.jay.storm@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology FX The U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provided funding and support. Numerous employees of the Wisconsin Departments of Natural Resources were responsible for CWD surveillance and aerial surveys of deer, especially D. Bates, N. Frost, J. Langenberg, and R. Osbourne. D. Drake, V. Radeloff, and M. Turner provided helpful reviews of the manuscript. S. Robinson provided assistance with soils data. Use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Government. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology for financial support with publication costs. NR 82 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 15 U2 61 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2013 VL 4 IS 1 AR UNSP 10 DI 10.1890/ES12-00141.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256JI UT WOS:000327305900010 ER PT J AU de la Cruz, AA Hiskia, A Kaloudis, T Chernoff, N Hill, D Antoniou, MG He, XX Loftin, K O'Shea, K Zhao, C Pelaez, M Han, C Lynch, TJ Dionysiou, DD AF de la Cruz, Armah A. Hiskia, Anastasia Kaloudis, Triantafyllos Chernoff, Neil Hill, Donna Antoniou, Maria G. He, Xuexiang Loftin, Keith O'Shea, Kevin Zhao, Cen Pelaez, Miguel Han, Changseok Lynch, Trevor J. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI A review on cylindrospermopsin: the global occurrence, detection, toxicity and degradation of a potent cyanotoxin SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Review ID CYANOBACTERIAL TOXIN CYLINDROSPERMOPSIN; DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT; 2 GERMAN LAKES; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON; PORTUGUESE FRESH-WATERS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ISLAND MYSTERY DISEASE; GREEN-ALGAL TOXIN AB Cylindrospermopsin is an important cyanobacterial toxin found in water bodies worldwide. The ever-increasing and global occurrence of massive and prolonged blooms of cylindrospermopsin-producing cyanobacteria poses a potential threat to both human and ecosystem health. Its toxicity is associated with metabolic activation and may involve mechanisms that adversely affect a wide variety of targets in an organism. Cylindrospermopsin has been shown to be cytotoxic, dermatotoxic, genotoxic, hepatotoxic in vivo, developmentally toxic, and may be carcinogenic. Human exposure may occur through drinking water, during recreational activities and by consuming foods in which the toxin may have bioaccumulated. Drinking water shortages of sufficient quality coupled with growing human pressures and climate variability and change necessitate an integrated and sustainable water management program. This review presents an overview of the importance of cylindrospermopsin, its detection, toxicity, worldwide distribution, and lastly, its chemical and biological degradation and removal by natural processes and drinking water treatment processes. C1 [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hiskia, Anastasia] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Lab Catalyt Photocatalyt Proc Solar Energy Enviro, Athens 15310, Greece. [Kaloudis, Triantafyllos] Athens Water Supply & Sewerage Co EYDAP SA, Aharnon WTP, Organ Micropollutants Lab Qual Control, Menidi 13674, Greece. [Chernoff, Neil; Hill, Donna] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Antoniou, Maria G.] Cyprus Univ Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Nicosia, Cyprus. [He, Xuexiang; Pelaez, Miguel; Han, Changseok; Lynch, Trevor J.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Loftin, Keith] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. [O'Shea, Kevin; Zhao, Cen] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cyprus, Nireas Int Water Res Ctr, CY-20537 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu RI He, Xuexiang/D-7564-2017; OI Kaloudis, Triantafyllos/0000-0003-1909-0256; Antoniou, Maria G./0000-0003-0738-6068 FU Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi; Republic of Cyprus; European Regional Development Fund of the EU [NEA IPODOMI/STRATH/0308/09]; NSF Collaborative Research (US-Ireland) [CBET-1033317]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; CUT FX This work was partially funded by the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi 2009-2010 which was co-funded by the Republic of Cyprus and the European Regional Development Fund of the EU under contract number NEA IPODOMI/STRATH/0308/09. This work was also partially funded by a NSF Collaborative Research (US-Ireland) (CBET-1033317) to Drs. Dionysiou and O'Shea. Funding for Dr. Keith Loftin was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Funding for Dr. Maria G. Antoniou was provided by CUT through a start-up package. The authors would like to acknowledge - COST Action ES 1105 CYANOCOST - Cyanobacterial blooms and toxins in water resources: Occurrence, impacts and management. NR 233 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 9 U2 93 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1979 EP 2003 DI 10.1039/c3em00353a PG 25 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242LT UT WOS:000326244100001 PM 24056894 ER PT J AU Stewart, AR Luoma, SN Elrick, KA Carter, JL van der Wegen, M AF Stewart, A. Robin Luoma, Samuel N. Elrick, Kent A. Carter, James L. van der Wegen, Mick TI Influence of estuarine processes on spatiotemporal variation in bioavailable selenium SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Bioaccumulation; Exposure; Estuaries; Biomonitoring; Hydrology ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; BIVALVE POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; FOOD WEBS; MACOMA-BALTHICA; STABLE CARBON; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIOACCUMULATION; ISOTOPES; ACCUMULATION AB Dynamic processes (physical, chemical and biological) challenge our ability to quantify and manage the ecological risk of chemical contaminants in estuarine environments. Selenium (Se) bioavailability (defined by bioaccumulation), stable isotopes and molar carbon-to-nitrogen ratios in the benthic clam Potamocorbula amurensis, an important food source for predators, were determined monthly for 17 yr in northern San Francisco Bay. Se concentrations in the clams ranged from a low of 2 to a high of 22 mu g g(-1) over space and time. Little of that variability was stochastic, however. Statistical analyses and preliminary hydrodynamic modeling showed that a constant mid-estuarine input of Se, which was dispersed up-and down-estuary by tidal currents, explained the general spatial patterns in accumulated Se among stations. Regression of Se bioavailability against river inflows suggested that processes driven by inflows were the primary driver of seasonal variability. River inflow also appeared to explain interannual variability but within the range of Se enrichment established at each station by source inputs. Evaluation of risks from Se contamination in estuaries requires the consideration of spatial and temporal variability on multiple scales and of the processes that drive that variability. C1 [Stewart, A. Robin; Luoma, Samuel N.; Carter, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Luoma, Samuel N.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Elrick, Kent A.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [van der Wegen, Mick] UNESCO Int Inst Infrastruct Hydraul & Environm En, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. [van der Wegen, Mick] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. RP Stewart, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM arstewar@usgs.gov RI van der Wegen, Mick/C-6787-2009 OI van der Wegen, Mick/0000-0002-5227-2679 FU USGS; California Delta Science Program FX We thank J. Thompson for her helpful comments on the manuscript, the crew of the RV 'Polaris' for their assistance with sample collection and the University of California at Davis Stable Isotope Facility. Support for this long-term study was provided by USGS-appropriated funds, including the Hydrologic Research and Development, Priority Ecosystem Science, and Toxic Substances Hydrology programs, as well as grants from the California Delta Science Program (formerly CALFED). This work was also conducted as part of 'CASCaDE: Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem' supported by the California Delta Science Program. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Delta Science Program. This is CASCaDE publication no. 18. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 492 BP 41 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10503 PG 25 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 245DL UT WOS:000326439800004 ER PT J AU Pelto, G Crane, P AF Pelto, G. Crane, P. TI FROM MICRO TO MACRO POLICIES: WHY MICRO-LEVEL DIFFERENCES MATTER IN THE FIGHT TO PRESERVE ACCESS TO TRADITIONAL, INDIGENOUS FOODS SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Food security; micro-ecological conditions; wildlife policy C1 [Pelto, G.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Crane, P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 EI 1421-9697 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2013 VL 63 SU 1 BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 219YR UT WOS:000324548201262 ER PT J AU Hill, MC Faunt, CC Belcher, WR Sweetkind, DS Tiedeman, CR Kavetski, D AF Hill, Mary C. Faunt, Claudia C. Belcher, Wayne R. Sweetkind, Donald S. Tiedeman, Claire R. Kavetski, Dmitri TI Knowledge, transparency, and refutability in groundwater models, an example from the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Article DE Sensitivity analysis; Uncertainty; Worth of data; Value of information; Hydrogeology; Groundwater ID EVALUATING PARAMETER IDENTIFIABILITY; COUPLED REACTION SYSTEMS; ERROR REDUCTION; WATER MODELS; 2 STATISTICS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; SENSITIVITY; UNCERTAINTIES; PREDICTIONS AB This work demonstrates how available knowledge can be used to build more transparent and refutable computer models of groundwater systems. The Death Valley regional groundwater flow system, which surrounds a proposed site for a high level nuclear waste repository of the United States of America, and the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), where nuclear weapons were tested, is used to explore model adequacy, identify parameters important to (and informed by) observations, and identify existing old and potential new observations important to predictions. Model development is pursued using a set of fundamental questions addressed with carefully designed metrics. Critical methods include using a hydrogeologic model, managing model nonlinearity by designing models that are robust while maintaining realism, using error-based weighting to combine disparate types of data, and identifying important and unimportant parameters and observations and optimizing parameter values with computationally frugal schemes. The frugal schemes employed in this study require relatively few (10-1000 s), parallelizable model runs. This is beneficial because models able to approximate the complex site geology defensibly tend to have high computational cost. The issue of model defensibility is particularly important given the contentious political issues involved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hill, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Faunt, Claudia C.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. [Belcher, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV USA. [Sweetkind, Donald S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Tiedeman, Claire R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kavetski, Dmitri] Univ Adelaide, Sch Civil Environm & Min Engn, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM mchill@usgs.gov OI Sweetkind, Donald/0000-0003-0892-4796 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; Groundwater Resources Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge comments from Professor Ming Ye of Florida State University and two anonymous reviewers. D'Agnese et al. (2007) was prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-92NV10874. Belcher and Sweetking (2010) was Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office, under Interagency Agreement DE-AI52-01NV13944, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, under Interagency Agreement DE-AI28-02RW12167, and Department of the Interior, National Park Service. This article was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program with funding from the Groundwater Resources Program. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2013 VL 64 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.pce.2013.03.006 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 237YF UT WOS:000325906900010 ER PT J AU Louhaichi, M Pyke, DA Shaff, SE Johnson, DE AF Louhaichi, Mounir Pyke, David A. Shaff, Scott E. Johnson, Douglas E. TI Monitoring Restoration Impacts to Endemic Plant Communities in Soil Inclusions of Arid Environments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aerial photography; Glyphosate; Lepidium papilliferum; Remote sensing; Seed drill; Slickspot extent AB Slickspots are soil inclusions with unique loamy soils that provide habitats for many endemic plants worldwide, including those within sagebrush steppe. Sagebrush-dominated communities are declining and require restoration, but restoration techniques commonly used may impact negatively some intermixed communities found on soil inclusions including those on slickspot soils. Slickspot soils have unique physical and chemical properties that create saline environments with limited plant cover that may include an endangered plant. This study was conducted to yearly variations in slickspot soil areas on sites treated with the herbicide glyphosate and/or seeded with a minimum-till drill relative to control areas. During spring 2004, 2005 and 2006, aerial photography and ground measurements of slickspot areas were taken. Images taken in spring, when vegetation is live and green, can be used to define and measure slickspot soils. Differences among treatments and years of surface area of slickspots were less than 1 m(2) per subplot, out of a possible 780 m(2) per subplot, and were not statistically significant. This implies that there is no effect of minimum-till drill and/or glyphosate on slickspot soil extent and that slickspots are fairly stable over time. Aerial photography provides faster and comparable results to traditional ground-based monitoring, while providing managers with a reliable means of tracking these ecosystems across a landscape. (C) 2013 Friends Science Publishers C1 [Louhaichi, Mounir] Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Amman, Jordan. [Pyke, David A.; Shaff, Scott E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Louhaichi, Mounir; Johnson, Douglas E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Louhaichi, M (reprint author), Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Amman, Jordan. EM m.louhaichi@cgiar.org FU USGS; USDA CSREES [2001-52103-11322]; USDI BLM FX Funding sources: USGS; USDA CSREES 2001-52103-11322; and USDI BLM. Thanks to: N.R. Harris, A. Worz for assisting in data collection; P. Clark; S.L. Petersen for reviews of earlier drafts. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government, Oregon State University or the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU FRIENDS SCIENCE PUBL PI FAISALABAD PA 399-B, PEOPLES COLONY NO 1, FAISALABAD, 38090, PAKISTAN SN 1560-8530 EI 1814-9596 J9 INT J AGRIC BIOL JI Int. J. Agric. Biol. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 4 BP 767 EP 771 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biology SC Agriculture; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 214VA UT WOS:000324163700022 ER PT J AU Arendt, A Luthcke, S Gardner, A O'Neel, S Hill, D Moholdt, G Abdalati, W AF Arendt, Anthony Luthcke, Scott Gardner, Alex O'Neel, Shad Hill, David Moholdt, Geir Abdalati, Waleed TI Analysis of a GRACE global mascon solution for Gulf of Alaska glaciers SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; ICE-MASS-LOSS; LASER ALTIMETRY; ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; GREENLAND; BALANCE; SNOW; SURFACE AB We present a high-resolution Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mascon solution for Gulf of Alaska (GOA) glaciers and compare this with in situ glaciological, climate and other remote-sensing observations. Our GRACE solution yields a GOA glacier mass balance of -65 +/- 11 Gta(-1) for the period December 2003 to December 2010, with summer balances driving the interannual variability. Between October/November 2003 and October 2009 we obtain a mass balance of -61 +/- 11 Gta(-1) from GRACE, which compares well with -65 +/- 12 Gta(-1) from ICESat based on hypsometric extrapolation of glacier elevation changes. We find that mean summer (June-August) air temperatures derived from both ground and lower-troposphere temperature records were good predictors of GRACE-derived summer mass balances, capturing 59% and 72% of the summer balance variability respectively. Large mass losses during 2009 were likely due to low early melt season surface albedos, measured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and likely associated with the 31 March 2009 eruption of Mount Redoubt, southwestern Alaska. GRACE data compared well with in situ measurements at Wolverine Glacier (maritime Alaska), but poorly with those at Gulkana Glacier (interior Alaska). We conclude that, although GOA mass estimates from GRACE are robust over the entire domain, further constraints on subregional and seasonal estimates are necessary to improve fidelity to ground observations. C1 [Arendt, Anthony] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Luthcke, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gardner, Alex] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Gardner, Alex] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hill, David] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Moholdt, Geir] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Abdalati, Waleed] Univ Colorado, Earth Sci & Observat Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Arendt, A (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM arendta@gi.alaska.edu RI Hill, David/C-4569-2012; OI Gardner, Alex/0000-0002-8394-8889 FU NASA under the GRACE Science Team [NNH10ZDA001N, NNH09ZDA001N-IDS, NNX08AV52G]; Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center; USGS Climate and Land Use Change program FX Support for this work was provided by NASA under the GRACE Science Team, Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) and Cryospheric Sciences programs (NASA grants NNH10ZDA001N, NNH09ZDA001N-IDS, NNX08AV52G), by the Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center and by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change program. J. Rich assisted with data analysis and figure preparation. We gratefully acknowledge the quality of the Level-1B products produced by our colleagues at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. We especially thank J.P. Boy and R. Ray for their contributions to the forward models used in this study. M. Flanner provided computational resources. The manuscript was substantially improved by comments from H. Fricker, R. Hock and two anonymous reviewers. We thank J. Amundson, E. Bueler, A. Clifton, G. Flowers and R. Greve for constructive reviews of the IGS class file and guide, and P.W. Daly who generated a new version of igs.bst. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 32 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 217 BP 913 EP 924 DI 10.3189/2013JoG12J197 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 231AK UT WOS:000325385200010 ER PT J AU Atwater, BF Cisternas, M Yulianto, E Prendergast, AL Jankaew, K Eipert, AA Fernando, WIS Tejakusuma, I Schiappacasse, I Sawai, Y AF Atwater, Brian F. Cisternas, Marco Yulianto, Eko Prendergast, Amy L. Jankaew, Kruawun Eipert, Annaliese A. Fernando, Warnakulasuriya Ignatius Starin Tejakusuma, Iwan Schiappacasse, Ignacio Sawai, Yuki TI The 1960 tsunami on beach-ridge plains near Maullin, Chile: Landward descent, renewed breaches, aggraded fans, multiple predecessors SO ANDEAN GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Erosion; Deposition; Hazard; Chile ID DEPOSITS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; EARTHQUAKES; INDONESIA; HOLOCENE; THAILAND; EROSION; EVENTS; NGA AB The Chilean tsunami of 22 May 1960 reamed out a breach and built up a fan as it flowed across a sparsely inhabited beach-ridge plain near Maullin, midway along the length of the tsunami source. Eyewitnesses to the flooding, interviewed mainly in 1988 and 1989, identified levels that the tsunami had reached on high ground, trees, and buildings. The maximum levels fell, from about 10 m to 2 m, between the mouth of the tidal Rio Maullin and an inundation limit nearly 5 km inland across the plain. Along this profile at Caulle, where the maximum flow depth was a few meters deep, airphotos taken in 1961 show breaches across a road on a sandy beach ridge. Inland from one of these breaches is a fan with branched distributaries. Today its breach holds a pond that has been changing into a marsh. The 1960 fan deposits, as much as 60 cm thick, are traceable inland for 120 m from the breach. They rest on a pasture soil above two additional sand bodies, each atop its own buried soil. The earlier of the pre-1960 sand bodies probably dates to AD 1270-1400, in which case its age is not statistically different from that of a sand sheet previously dated elsewhere near Maullin. The breach likely originated then and has been freshened twice. Evidence that the breach was freshened in 1960 includes a near-basal interval of cobble-size clasts of sediment and soil, most of them probably derived from the organic fill of pre-1960 breach. The cobbly interval is overlain by sand with ripple-drift laminae that record landward flow. The fan of another breach near Maullin, at Chanhue, also provides stratigraphic evidence for recurrent tsunamis, though not necessarily for the repeated use of the breach. These findings were anticipated a half century ago by description of paired breaches and fans that the 1960 Chilean tsunami produced in Japan. Breaches and their fans may provide lasting evidence for tsunami inundation of beach-ridge plains. The breaches might be detectable by remote sensing, and the thickness of the fan deposits might help them outlast an ordinary tsunami sand sheet. C1 [Atwater, Brian F.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cisternas, Marco] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso, Chile. [Yulianto, Eko] Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bandung 40135, Indonesia. [Prendergast, Amy L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Archaeol, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Jankaew, Kruawun] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Geol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Eipert, Annaliese A.] KCI Technol, Sparks, MD 21152 USA. [Fernando, Warnakulasuriya Ignatius Starin] Geol Survey & Mines Bur, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka. [Tejakusuma, Iwan] Badan Pengkajian Dan Penerapan Teknol, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia. [Schiappacasse, Ignacio] Univ Concepcion, Dept Econ, Concepcion, Chile. [Sawai, Yuki] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, AIST, Act Fault & Earthquake Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. RP Atwater, BF (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM atwater@usgs.gov; marco.cisternas@ucv.cl; ekoy001@yahoo.com; alp60@cam.ac.uk; kjankaew@yahoo.co.uk; aeipert@gmail.com; starinf@yahoo.com; itejakusuma@yahoo.com; ignacio.schiappacasse@gmail.com; yuki.sawai@aist.go.jp RI Sawai, Yuki /D-3216-2013 OI Sawai, Yuki /0000-0001-7015-4361 FU United States Agency for International Development; Geoscience Australia; United States Geological Survey; Japan's Active Fault Research Center; Fondecyt [1060227, 1110848] FX J. Ulloa, H. Jimenez Nunez, M.A. Reinhart, and J. Cuevas contributed to the reconnaissance in 1988-1989, which was part of USGS Gilbert Fellowship project with A. Nelson and S. Bartsch-Winkler. The field work in 2006 was supported in part by the United States Agency for International Development (for an Indian Ocean paleotsunami project led by B. Atwater), Geoscience Australia (A. Prendergast), the United States Geological Survey (B. Atwater), and Japan's Active Fault Research Center (Y. Sawai). The work was also made possible by Fondecyt grants 1060227 and 1110848 (to M. Cisternas). M. Lagos contributed GPS data on pit locations in Chanhue. R. Vergara cooked for the 2006 group in a home rented to us by B. Bohle. J. Bourgeois pointed out analogies with washover fans and crevasse splays. Initial versions of the manuscript were reviewed by D. Clark, B. Jaffe, B. MacInnes, U. Glawe, F. Nanayama, C. Peterson, and C.P. Rajendran, and a later version by R. Witter, J. Goff, S. Fujino, and C. Weaver. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 25 PU SERVICIO NACIONAL GEOLOGIA MINERVA PI SANTIAGO PA AVDA SANTA MARIO 0104, CASILLA 10465, SANTIAGO, CHILE SN 0718-7106 J9 ANDEAN GEOL JI Andean Geol. PY 2013 VL 40 IS 3 BP 393 EP 418 DI 10.5027/andgeoV40n3-a01 PG 26 WC Geology SC Geology GA 225ST UT WOS:000324983400001 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD AF Lafferty, Kevin D. TI PARASITES IN MARINE FOOD WEBS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ABALONE HALIOTIS-CRACHERODII; ROCKY REEF COMMUNITIES; BIRD FINAL HOSTS; DISEASE; TREMATODES; DIVERSITY; SNAILS; OCEAN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY AB Most species interactions probably involve parasites. This review considers the extent to which marine ecologists should consider parasites to fully understand marine communities. Parasites are influential parts of food webs in estuaries, temperate reefs, and coral reefs, but their ecological importance is seldom recognized. Though difficult to observe, parasites can have substantial biomass, and they can be just as common as free-living consumers after controlling for body mass and trophic level. Parasites have direct impacts on the energetics of their hosts and some affect host behaviors, with ecosystem-level consequences. Although they cause disease, parasites are sensitive components of ecosystems. In particular, they suffer secondary extinctions due to biodiversity loss. Some parasites can also return to a system after habitat restoration. For these reasons, parasites can make good indicators of ecosystem integrity. Fishing can indirectly increase or decrease parasite populations and the effects of climate change on parasites are likely to be equally as complex. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 53 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 89 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1124 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 229ZL UT WOS:000325306300008 ER PT J AU McKnight, A Allyn, AJ Duffy, DC Irons, DB AF McKnight, Aly Allyn, Andrew J. Duffy, David C. Irons, David B. TI 'Stepping stone' pattern in Pacific Arctic tern migration reveals the importance of upwelling areas SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Arctic tern; Sterna paradisaea; Migration; Geolocation; Activity sensor; Staging area; California Current; Humboldt Current; Patagonian Shelf; Weddell Sea ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; COSTA-RICA DOME; STERNA-PARADISAEA; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SURFACE CHLOROPHYLL; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; BIRDS; WIND; SEABIRDS AB Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea are noted for their extraordinary migration between Arctic and sub-Arctic breeding grounds and Antarctic wintering areas. Until recently, few data existed to document this migration, and none existed for North Pacific breeders. In this study, we tracked 6 Alaskan Arctic terns tagged with combined light geolocation and saltwater immersion tags through their fall migration. During fall 2007, these birds used several highly productive stopover locations to refuel during their southward migration: the California Current, the northern and southern Humboldt Current, and the Patagonian Shelf. At least 3 of the birds went on to winter in the Weddell Sea region of Antarctica, where Arctic terns from several Atlantic populations are also known to winter. Analysis of the first ever post-breeding behavioral data collected on this species showed that the birds foraged extensively in these staging areas, spending more time foraging on days when they were located within staging areas during the fall migration. We also found that the birds were exclusively diurnal foragers, spending their nights standing out of the water and/or flying. Arctic terns likely face strict time constraints throughout the migration, timing stopovers to match production while simultaneously aiming to arrive at the wintering grounds with sufficient time remaining to complete the winter molt before returning north. Ecological disturbance at any of these locations could have serious consequences for many birds. Further, predicted effects of climate change in the Weddell Sea region could have repercussions throughout the global Arctic tern population. C1 [McKnight, Aly; Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Allyn, Andrew J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Duffy, David C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP McKnight, A (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM aly.mcknight@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Great Gull Island Essen und Fressen Society FX We thank D. Boersma, P. Capece, B. Dyer, C. Egevang, R. Irons, C. Rosa, A. Rappoport, and K. Wohl for help with field work, logistics, and literature. L. Welch allowed us to preview and cite unpublished data on Arctic terns tagged in the Gulf of Maine for comparison with our birds. I. C. T. Nisbet commented on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Great Gull Island Essen und Fressen Society. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 15 U2 86 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 491 BP 253 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10469 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 229QP UT WOS:000325282500019 ER PT B AU Ames, KM Sobel, EA AF Ames, Kenneth M. Sobel, Elizabeth A. BE Boyd, RT Ames, KM Johnson, TA TI HOUSES AND HOUSEHOLDS SO CHINOOKAN PEOPLES OF THE LOWER COLUMBIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ames, Kenneth M.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Ames, Kenneth M.] Soc Amer Archaeol, Washington, DC USA. [Sobel, Elizabeth A.] Missouri State Univ, Springfield, MO USA. [Sobel, Elizabeth A.] Bur Land Management, Canon City, CO USA. [Sobel, Elizabeth A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eufaula, AL USA. RP Ames, KM (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WASHINGTON PRESS PI SEATTLE PA SEATTLE, WA 98105 USA BN 978-0-295-99279-2 PY 2013 BP 125 EP + PG 2 WC Anthropology; History SC Anthropology; History GA BGY10 UT WOS:000324560000008 ER PT J AU Bourgeau-Chavez, LL Kowalski, KP Mazur, MLC Scarbrough, KA Powell, RB Brooks, CN Huberty, B Jenkins, LK Banda, EC Galbraith, DM Laubach, ZM Riordan, K AF Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L. Kowalski, Kurt P. Mazur, Martha L. Carlson Scarbrough, Kirk A. Powell, Richard B. Brooks, Colin N. Huberty, Brian Jenkins, Liza K. Banda, Elizabeth C. Galbraith, David M. Laubach, Zachary M. Riordan, Kevin TI Mapping invasive Phragmites australis in the coastal Great Lakes with ALOS PALSAR satellite imagery for decision support SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR); Phragmites australis; Common reed; Invasive species; PALSAR; Remote sensing ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; WETLAND; TYPHA AB The invasive variety of Phragmites australis (common reed) forms dense stands that can cause negative impacts on coastal Great Lakes wetlands including habitat degradation and reduced biological diversity. Early treatment is key to controlling Phragmites, therefore a map of the current distribution is needed. ALOS PALSAR imagery was used to produce the first basin-wide distribution map showing the extent of large, dense invasive Phragmites-dominated habitats in wetlands and other coastal ecosystems along the U.S. shore of the Great Lakes. PALSAR is a satellite imaging radar sensor that is sensitive to differences in plant biomass and inundation patterns, allowing for the detection and delineation of these tall (up to 5 m), high density, high biomass invasive Phragmites stands. Classification was based on multi-season ALOS PALSAR L-band (23 cm wavelength) HR and HV polarization data. Seasonal (spring, summer, and fall) datasets were used to improve discrimination of Phragmites by taking advantage of phenological changes in vegetation and inundation patterns over the seasons. Extensive field collections of training and randomly selected validation data were conducted in 2010-2011 to aid in mapping and for accuracy assessments. Overall basin-wide map accuracy was 87%, with 86% producer's accuracy and 43% user's accuracy for invasive Phragmites. The invasive Phragmites maps are being used to identify major environmental drivers of this invader's distribution, to assess areas vulnerable to new invasion, and to provide information to regional stakeholders through a decision support tool. (C) 2012 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L.; Scarbrough, Kirk A.; Powell, Richard B.; Brooks, Colin N.; Jenkins, Liza K.; Banda, Elizabeth C.; Laubach, Zachary M.; Riordan, Kevin] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Kowalski, Kurt P.; Galbraith, David M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Mazur, Martha L. Carlson] Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Huberty, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Region Ecol Serv 3, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. RP Bourgeau-Chavez, LL (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Ct,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM lchavez@mtu.edu; kkowalski@usgs.gov; mcarlsonmazur@bc.edu; Brian_Huberty@fws.gov OI Kowalski, Kurt/0000-0002-8424-4701 FU U.S. EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX This project was funded by the U.S. EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. We would like to acknowledge all the field researchers without whose assistance this project could not have been completed: Andrew Kriegbaum, Jamey Anderson, Scott Stanton, Ashby Mizell (Gleichman), James Lange, Anthony Landon, Rick Dobson, and Nathaniel Jessee. We would also like to acknowledge Michelle Wienert for coordination of field activities including equipment management and travel planning and for creation and maintenance of the project website (http://www.mtri.org/Phragmites.html). For development of the online database, we recognize Tyler Erickson. For provision of additional field data which have been used in this project, we acknowledge Michigan Natural Features Inventory. For assistance with review and editing of the manuscript, we thank Anthony Landon and Paul Seelbach. And lastly, we thank Don Atwood and Rick Guritz of the Alaska Satellite Facility for their diligence in terrain correction and georeferencing of all of the PALSAR imagery. This publication is contribution 1688 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2013 VL 39 SU 1 SI SI BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.11.001 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WP UT WOS:000324843500009 ER PT J AU Gabor, CR Bosch, J Fries, JN Davis, DR AF Gabor, Caitlin R. Bosch, Jaime Fries, Joe N. Davis, Drew R. TI A non-invasive water-borne hormone assay for amphibians SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article DE conservation; corticosteroid; frog; physiology; salamander; stress hormones ID CORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS; SPOTTED SALAMANDERS; AMBYSTOMA-MACULATUM; RANA-CATESBEIANA; STRESS-RESPONSE; FROG TADPOLES; RAINBOW-TROUT; FREE CORTISOL; POPULATION; STEROIDS AB Anthropogenic disturbances have been implicated in the rapid decline of amphibians. Disturbances, such as disease and poor water quality, might cause changes in the physiology of amphibians resulting in chronic stress, which can result in decreased growth and development as well as immunosuppression. In amphibians, corticosterone (CORT) is the main hormone released in response to stressors. We took the first steps towards validating a new, non-invasive, technique to assay CORT in amphibians using a water-borne collection method previously used only with fish. In validation of this technique, we found a significant positive correlation between release rates of water-borne CORT and levels of CORT in circulating plasma in adults of the San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana, and the common midwife toad, Alytes obstetricans. These results indicate that water-borne CORT can be used as a proxy for plasma CORT. Additionally, we examined basic background information on the physiological states of these two species. We found that captive-reared salamanders had significantly lower release rates of CORT than field-collected salamanders. Field-collected salamanders had significantly higher CORT release rates 24 h after capture and transfer to the laboratory. For tadpoles, we found that field-collected tadpoles did not have significantly different CORT release rates than those maintained in the laboratory for four months. Our research indicates that this method of water-borne hormone collection should be viable for many species of amphibians; however, further validation via adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenges is required. This method can be a useful tool for assessing the physiological state of laboratory and field populations of amphibians and the effects of urbanization, pesticides and diseases. An important benefit of this method is that it allows for repeated measures of the same individuals and can be less stressful than drawing blood. C1 [Gabor, Caitlin R.; Davis, Drew R.] Texas State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol, Populat & Conservat Biol Program, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Bosch, Jaime] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Fries, Joe N.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resources Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Gabor, CR (reprint author), Texas State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol, Populat & Conservat Biol Program, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM gabor@txstate.edu RI Bosch, Jaime/H-3042-2011; OI Bosch, Jaime/0000-0002-0099-7934; Davis, Drew/0000-0001-5128-4064 NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 45 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PY 2013 VL 34 IS 2 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1163/15685381-00002877 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 200FC UT WOS:000323052200001 ER PT S AU Hightower, JE Pollock, KH AF Hightower, Joseph E. Pollock, Kenneth H. BE Bulak, JS Coutant, CC Rice, JA TI Tagging Methods for Estimating Population Size and Mortality Rates of Inland Striped Bass Populations SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF INLAND STRIPED BASS AND HYBRID STRIPED BASS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Striper 2009: Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass Management / 139th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, Striped Bass Tech Comm, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SE Reg, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Field Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Welaks Natl Fish Hatchery, Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Texas Pk & Wildlife, Harry Hampton Mem Wildlife Fund, Duke Energy, Amer Fisheries Soc, Fisheries Management Sect, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Cent Div, Amer Fisheries Soc, Oklahoma Chapter, Santee Cooper Country, Striped Bass Conservat Coalit, Striper Kings, Amer Fisheries Soc, Tennessee Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Texas Chapter, Midlands Striper Club, Amer Fisheries Soc, Arkansas Chapter, Jordan Lake Striper Club, Amer Fisheries Soc, S Carolina Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Virginia Chapter, Appalachian Aquat ID REPORTING RATE ESTIMATION; LAKE TROUT POPULATION; RADIO-TAGGED ANIMALS; FISHING MORTALITY; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; NORTH-CAROLINA; ONE-COMPONENT; TELEMETRY; RELEASE; MODELS AB Striped bass Morone saxatilis in inland reservoirs play an important role ecologically and in supporting recreational fishing. To manage these populations, biologists need information about abundance and mortality. Abundance estimates can be used to assess the effectiveness of stocking programs that maintain most reservoir striped bass populations. Mortality estimates can indicate the relative impact of fishing versus natural mortality and the need for harvest regulation. The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate tagging studies as a way of obtaining information about abundance and mortality. These approaches can be grouped into three broad categories: tag recapture, tag return, and telemetry. Tag-recapture methods are typically used to estimate population size and other demographic parameters but are often difficult to apply in large systems. A fishing tournament can be an effective way of generating tagging or recapture effort in large systems, compared to using research sampling only. Tag-return methods that rely on angler harvest and catch and release can be used to estimate fishing (F) and natural (M) mortality rates and are a practical approach in large reservoirs. The key to success in tag-return studies is to build in auxiliary studies to estimate short-term tagging mortality, short- and long-term tag loss, reporting rate, and mortality associated with catch and release. F and M can also be estimated using telemetry tags. Advantages of this approach are that angler nonreporting does not bias estimates and fish with transmitters provide useful ecological data. Cost can be a disadvantage of telemetry studies; thus, combining telemetry tags with conventional tag returns in an integrated analysis is often the optimal approach. In summary, tagging methods can be a powerful tool for assessing the effectiveness of inland striped bass stocking programs and the relative impact of fishing versus natural mortality. C1 [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jhightower@ncsu.edu NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-36-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2013 VL 80 BP 249 EP 262 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGK26 UT WOS:000323292100015 ER PT S AU Hightower, JE Taylor, JC Degan, DJ AF Hightower, Joseph E. Taylor, J. Christopher Degan, Donald J. BE Bulak, JS Coutant, CC Rice, JA TI Estimating Abundance of Adult Striped Bass in Reservoirs Using Mobile Hydroacoustics SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF INLAND STRIPED BASS AND HYBRID STRIPED BASS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Striper 2009: Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass Management / 139th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, Striped Bass Tech Comm, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SE Reg, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Field Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Welaks Natl Fish Hatchery, Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Texas Pk & Wildlife, Harry Hampton Mem Wildlife Fund, Duke Energy, Amer Fisheries Soc, Fisheries Management Sect, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Cent Div, Amer Fisheries Soc, Oklahoma Chapter, Santee Cooper Country, Striped Bass Conservat Coalit, Striper Kings, Amer Fisheries Soc, Tennessee Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Texas Chapter, Midlands Striper Club, Amer Fisheries Soc, Arkansas Chapter, Jordan Lake Striper Club, Amer Fisheries Soc, S Carolina Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Virginia Chapter, Appalachian Aquat ID TARGET STRENGTH; FISHES AB Hydroacoustic surveys have proven valuable for estimating reservoir forage fish abundance but are more challenging for adult predators such as striped bass Morone saxatilis. Difficulties in assessing striped bass in reservoirs include their low density and the inability to distinguish species with hydroacoustic data alone. Despite these difficulties, mobile hydroacoustic surveys have potential to provide useful data for management because of the large sample volume compared to traditional methods such as gill netting and the ability to target specific areas where striped bass are aggregated. Hydroacoustic estimates of reservoir striped bass have been made using mobile surveys, with data analysis using a threshold for target strength in order to focus on striped bass-sized targets, and auxiliary sampling with nets to obtain species composition. We provide recommendations regarding survey design, based in part on simulations that provide insight on the level of effort that would be required to achieve reasonable estimates of abundance. Future surveys may be able to incorporate telemetry or other sonar techniques such as side-scan or multibeam in order to focus survey efforts on productive habitats (within lake and vertically). However, species apportionment will likely remain the main source of error, and we see no hydroacoustic system on the horizon that will identify fish by species at the spatial and temporal scale required for most reservoir surveys. In situations where species composition can be reliably assessed using traditional gears, abundance estimates from hydroacoustic methods should be useful to fishery managers interested in developing harvest regulations, assessing survival of stocked juveniles, identifying seasonal aggregations, and examining predator-prey balance. C1 [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jhightower@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-36-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2013 VL 80 BP 279 EP 289 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGK26 UT WOS:000323292100017 ER PT S AU Miranda, LE Raborn, SW AF Miranda, Leandro E. Raborn, Scott W. BE Bulak, JS Coutant, CC Rice, JA TI Interactions between Striped Bass and Other Game Fish in Reservoirs SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF INLAND STRIPED BASS AND HYBRID STRIPED BASS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Striper 2009: Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass Management / 139th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, Striped Bass Tech Comm, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SE Reg, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Field Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Welaks Natl Fish Hatchery, Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Texas Pk & Wildlife, Harry Hampton Mem Wildlife Fund, Duke Energy, Amer Fisheries Soc, Fisheries Management Sect, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Cent Div, Amer Fisheries Soc, Oklahoma Chapter, Santee Cooper Country, Striped Bass Conservat Coalit, Striper Kings, Amer Fisheries Soc, Tennessee Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Texas Chapter, Midlands Striper Club, Amer Fisheries Soc, Arkansas Chapter, Jordan Lake Striper Club, Amer Fisheries Soc, S Carolina Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Virginia Chapter, Appalachian Aquat ID SMITH MOUNTAIN LAKE; LARGEMOUTH BASS; PISCIVOROUS FISHES; PREY SELECTION; CLUPEID PREY; GIZZARD SHAD; REEF FISHES; COMPETITION; PREDATORS; VIRGINIA AB Competitive interactions among reservoir fishes may be pronounced because fish assemblages in these artificial environments have had little time to develop niche-partitioning strategies that alleviate negative interspecific interactions. Such interactions may at times have been intensified by introductions of predators such as striped bass Morone saxatilis, introduced to create additional fisheries and control pelagic clupeids. Possible interactions between existing fish assemblages and striped bass include predation and competition. While there is a perception among angler groups that predation by striped bass on coexisting game fish is significant, most studies have reported little or no predation on game fish by striped bass and have considered predation rare and inconsequential. Moreover, predation that occurs will likely be compensatory and fail to reduce overall game fish survival. Any indirect effect of striped bass predation by restricting prey-sized game fish to limited refuge sites remains unknown. Exploitative competition may be more common. Although infrequently, introduced striped bass have depleted prey resources shared with other piscivores, particularly when stocking rates have been high, when there is a high rate of natural reproduction, or when prey supply has plunged in response to environmental fluxes. Fluctuation in prey supply, associated with ordinary environmental variability, and associated time lags in prey supply and predator demand, preclude adjusting predator densities to exactly balance demand with supply. The frequency of low supply demand ratios varies across systems and exhibits seasonal trends. Nevertheless, chronic supply demand imbalances are manageable where the predator assemblage is at least partially controlled through stocking, harvest regulations, or both. Because of the poor state of knowledge concerning the parameters defining balance and because uncontrollable annual fluctuations preclude exact management of alternating prey levels, we suggest adjusting stocking to manage demand so that it equals the median historical prey supply. Simulating the removal of striped bass and predicting the aftermath may be the most cost-effective way to provide decision support for stakeholders involved in determining if a striped bass stocking program is beneficial to most users. C1 [Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-36-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2013 VL 80 BP 501 EP 519 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGK26 UT WOS:000323292100030 ER PT S AU Bettoli, PW AF Bettoli, Phillip W. BE Bulak, JS Coutant, CC Rice, JA TI Challenges and Opportunities in Studying and Managing Striped Bass and Its Hybrids in the 21st Century SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF INLAND STRIPED BASS AND HYBRID STRIPED BASS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Striper 2009: Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass Management / 139th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, Striped Bass Tech Comm, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SE Reg, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Field Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Welaks Natl Fish Hatchery, Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Texas Pk & Wildlife, Harry Hampton Mem Wildlife Fund, Duke Energy, Amer Fisheries Soc, Fisheries Management Sect, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Cent Div, Amer Fisheries Soc, Oklahoma Chapter, Santee Cooper Country, Striped Bass Conservat Coalit, Striper Kings, Amer Fisheries Soc, Tennessee Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Texas Chapter, Midlands Striper Club, Amer Fisheries Soc, Arkansas Chapter, Jordan Lake Striper Club, Amer Fisheries Soc, S Carolina Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Virginia Chapter, Appalachian Aquat ID RESERVOIR; LAKE; OKLAHOMA; STOCKING; TEXAS AB Much is known about the biology and management of striped bass Morone saxatilis and its hybrids, but much information is still needed for more effective management. Researchers are closing in on a grand unified theory of habitat selection by striped bass as a function of their size, thermal ecology, dissolved oxygen requirements, and forage availability. The role of forage in influencing habitat selection is perhaps the least understood and deserves further scrutiny to better predict the quality of striped bass fisheries. Although we can measure and model physico-chemical habitat quality, modeling habitat selection by striped bass is challenging, in part because systems vary widely in their physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Managing striped bass in some western U.S. waters, where natural reproduction can produce too many recruits, may become more challenging as reservoirs age and traditional fisheries for black basses Micropterus spp. decline. Modeling the population dynamics of striped bass and hybrid striped bass is simplified by the fact that most fisheries are maintained by stocking programs and the initial number of juvenile recruits is known with certainty; however, sampling protocols that will consistently yield unbiased estimates of key population parameters are needed. The potential for disruptive controversies surrounding striped bass management will always exist; however, increased use of conflict resolution techniques will help limit the collateral damage that often accompanies such controversies. Estimates of the benefits and costs associated with maintaining moronid fisheries are scarce but could ease such conflicts and help justify stocking programs. While inland striped bass and hybrid striped bass fisheries remain popular and are the focus of much management activity, the outlook for native stocks of striped bass in the Gulf of Mexico drainage is of concern. The state of knowledge concerning hybrid striped bass ecology and management is decades behind what we know about striped bass ecology and management. This situation needs to be addressed if agencies expand their hybrid striped bass stocking programs in response to changing reservoir environments, as some agencies in the southeast United States have already done. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Bettoli, PW (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM pbettoli@tntech.edu NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-36-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2013 VL 80 BP 575 EP 588 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGK26 UT WOS:000323292100035 ER PT J AU Tinker, M Anthamatten, P Simley, J Finn, MP AF Tinker, Michael Anthamatten, Peter Simley, Jeff Finn, Michael P. TI A method to generalize stream flowlines in small-scale maps by a variable flow-based pruning threshold SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE generalization; hydrography; National Hydrography Data Set; NHDPlus ID UNITED-STATES; DATASET AB The aim of this paper is to explore and describe a method of automated generalization designed to produce a map which strikes a balance between cartographic and hydrologic representations. Following a discussion of scholarly literature on generalization, we describe a novel method for automated generalization of hydrographic stream data, using the National Hydrography Data Set (NHDPlus) as an example. Traditional hydrography shows a fairly uniform density of stream flowlines over space. While this is pleasing to the eye, traditional methods tend to under-represent rivers in humid areas and over-represent them in arid areas. We address this problem through a method in automated generalization to produce a high-quality presentation of hydrographic data, suitable for display as a wall map or in an atlas. Streams are pruned based on a variable flow threshold, derived from the local mean annual precipitation by a regression equation. After running the model using different parameters, we produce a more satisfactory portrayal of stream networks in the United States that communicates the flow of water through rivers and reflects the regional climate. Specific advantages in generalizing with variable flow threshold include (1) the method allows for fine gradations in output scale; (2) the output maps tend to minimize density variations in the raw data; (3) the subjective criteria are easily derived; and (4) the method can be performed rapidly on large data sets, as long as the stream data has been enriched with reliable flow rates. C1 [Tinker, Michael; Simley, Jeff; Finn, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Geospatial Tech Operat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Anthamatten, Peter] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Tinker, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Geospatial Tech Operat Ctr, Box 25046,MS 505, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mdtinker@usgs.gov RI Anthamatten, Peter/H-7630-2013 OI Anthamatten, Peter/0000-0003-4413-9381 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1523-0406 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5 BP 444 EP 457 DI 10.1080/15230406.2013.801701 PG 14 WC Geography SC Geography GA 214EH UT WOS:000324113300005 ER PT J AU Ruzicka, RR Colella, MA Porter, JW Morrison, JM Kidney, JA Brinkhuis, V Lunz, KS Macaulay, KA Bartlett, LA Meyers, MK Colee, J AF Ruzicka, R. R. Colella, M. A. Porter, J. W. Morrison, J. M. Kidney, J. A. Brinkhuis, V. Lunz, K. S. Macaulay, K. A. Bartlett, L. A. Meyers, M. K. Colee, J. TI Temporal changes in benthic assemblages on Florida Keys reefs 11 years after the 1997/1998 El Nino SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Coral reefs; Stony corals; Octocorals; Macroalgae; Phase shifts; Principal Coordinate Analysis ID CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEFS; SPONGE XESTOSPONGIA-MUTA; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; 1998 BLEACHING EVENT; LONG-TERM DECLINE; PHASE-SHIFTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACROPORA-PALMATA; MASS-MORTALITY; RECRUITMENT FAILURE AB Disturbances that result in the mass mortality of reef-building corals are changing the appearance of reefs worldwide. Many reefs are transitioning away from scleractinian-coraldominated assemblages to benthic communities composed primarily of non-scleractinian taxa. This study evaluated recovery patterns of reef communities in the Florida Keys following the mortality associated with the 1997/1998 El Nino. We examined temporal trends among the 5 most spatially abundant reef taxa and stony coral species from 1999 to 2009 at 3 spatial scales, and applied a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) to determine whether changes in their cover resulted in a shift in community structure. Trends of decreasing stony coral cover were not identified Keys-wide between 1999 and 2009, but 2 of the 3 habitats examined-shallow and deep forereefs-did show a significant decline in cover. Concomitantly, octocoral cover significantly increased Keys-wide and in all 3 habitats. The transition to octocorals was most evident on shallow forereefs, where octocoral cover significantly increased at 9 of 12 reefs and overwhelmingly influenced the PCoA. On deep forereefs, octocoral and sponge cover did significantly increase, but did not impart a clearly defined shift in community structure like that observed on shallow forereefs. Community composition at patch reefs was relatively consistent during the study, but the increase in octocoral cover may accelerate further following a cold-water mortality event in 2010. These results demonstrate that octocorals are emerging as the predominant benthic taxa in the Florida Keys. Although the transition to octocorals may have started long ago, their apparent resilience to present-day stressors will likely allow this shift to continue into the foreseeable future. C1 [Ruzicka, R. R.; Colella, M. A.; Kidney, J. A.; Brinkhuis, V.; Lunz, K. S.; Macaulay, K. A.; Bartlett, L. A.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Porter, J. W.; Meyers, M. K.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Morrison, J. M.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Colee, J.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Serv, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ruzicka, RR (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rob.ruzicka@myfwc.com FU US EPA Water Quality Protection Program [X7-97468002]; State of Florida Marine Resource Conservation Trust Fund; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US Army Corps of Engineers [MOA-2001-683]; National Science Foundation [NSF-1015342] FX Long-term monitoring programs like CREMP are indebted to a long list of people who have contributed to the work over the years. Special recognition is reserved for several of the program's founders, including W. Jaap, J. Wheaton, Dr. P. Dustan, F. McManus, and B. Kruczynski, whose perseverance and dedication helped make CREMP a world-renowned program. Funding to support the program has been principally achieved through the US EPA Water Quality Protection Program (X7-97468002), but additional support was provided by the State of Florida Marine Resource Conservation Trust Fund and grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the US Army Corps of Engineers (MOA-2001-683), as well as the National Science Foundation (NSF-1015342). We are grateful to Dr. E. Leone, Dr. M. Christman, and Dr. D. Jones, whose technical expertise and guidance greatly aided the univariate modeling and multivariate analyses performed in this study. The recommendations of 3 anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this manuscript. The statements, conclusions, and recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the State of Florida, the Environmental Protection Agency, or the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. NR 119 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 53 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 489 BP 125 EP 141 DI 10.3354/meps10427 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 211WA UT WOS:000323941000010 ER PT J AU Lovvorn, JR Raisbeck, MF Cooper, LW Cutter, GA Miller, MW Brooks, ML Grebmeier, JM Matz, AC Schaefer, CM AF Lovvorn, James R. Raisbeck, Merl F. Cooper, Lee W. Cutter, Gregory A. Miller, Micah W. Brooks, Marjorie L. Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Matz, Angela C. Schaefer, Cortney M. TI Wintering eiders acquire exceptional Se and Cd burdens in the Bering Sea: physiological and oceanographic factors SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Spectacled eider; Sea ducks; Body condition; Selenium; Cadmium; Trace elements in food webs; Trace metals; Bedload transport; Aerial deposition; Atmospheric transport ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; ST-LAWRENCE ISLAND; BIVALVE POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; TRACE-METAL CONTAMINATION; MUSSELS MYTILUS-EDULIS; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; HEAVY-METALS; COMMON EIDERS; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES AB During late winter (March) in the Bering Sea, levels of Se in livers and Cd in kidneys of spectacled eiders Somateria fischeri were exceptionally high (up to 489 and 312 mu g g(-1) dry mass, respectively). Comparison of organ and blood samples during late winter, early spring migration, and breeding suggests that the eiders' high Se and Cd burdens were accumulated at sea, with highest exposure during winter. High exposure may have resulted from high metabolic demands and food intake, as well as concentrations in food. In the eiders' remote wintering area, their bivalve prey contained comparable Se levels and much higher Cd levels than in industrialized areas. Patterns of chlorophyll a in water and sediments indicated that phytoplankton detritus settling over a large area was advected into a persistent regional eddy, where benthic prey densities were higher than elsewhere and most eider foraging occurred. Se and Cd assimilated or adsorbed by bloom materials apparently also accumulated in the eddy, and were incorporated into the bivalve prey of eiders. Atmospheric deposition of dust-borne trace elements from Asia, which peaks during the ice-edge phytoplankton bloom from March to May, may augment processes that concentrate Se and Cd in eider prey. Compared with freshwater birds, some sea ducks (Mergini) accumulate much higher con centrations of trace elements, even with the same levels in food, with no apparent ill effects. Nevertheless, the absolute and relative burdens of different elements in sea ducks vary greatly among areas. Our results suggest these patterns can result from (1) exceptional accumulation and tolerance of trace elements when exposure is elevated by high food intake or levels in food, and (2) atmo spheric and oceanographic processes that concentrate trace elements in local benthic food webs. C1 [Lovvorn, James R.; Miller, Micah W.; Brooks, Marjorie L.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lovvorn, James R.; Miller, Micah W.; Brooks, Marjorie L.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Raisbeck, Merl F.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Cooper, Lee W.; Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Cutter, Gregory A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Miller, Micah W.; Matz, Angela C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Program, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Schaefer, Cortney M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Lovvorn, JR (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM lovvorn@siu.edu RI Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013; Brooks, Marjorie/M-5692-2014; Cutter, Gregory/C-7898-2017 OI Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568; Cutter, Gregory/0000-0001-6744-6718 FU National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs grants [OPP-9813979, ARC-0454454, ARC-0802290]; Endangered Species program of the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Anchorage, Alaska; North Pacific Research Board grant [820] FX We thank the Captains, officers, and crews of the US Coast Guard icebreakers 'Polar Sea', 'Polar Star', and 'Healy' for excellent logistical support. J. K. Bump and L. W. Larned helped collect the eiders, J. M. Kolts and C. A. North helped collect the bivalves, and J. I. Drever and K. R. Chamberlain provided important insights about geo-chemical approaches. C. J. Latty generously provided comparative data for Se levels in eiders from the North Slope. We thank L. Richards and G. Rutherford at Old Dominion University for measuring sediment concentrations of Se, and N. A. R. Rocha created the map of chlorophyll concentrations. We also thank G. R. Balogh for key financial and permitting assistance. Studies of eiders were carried out under permit from the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs grants OPP-9813979 to J.R.L., ARC-0454454 to J.R.L., J.M.G., and L.W.C., and ARC-0802290 to J.M.G. and L.W.C.; a contract to J.R.L. from the Endangered Species program of the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Anchorage, Alaska; and North Pacific Research Board grant 820 to J.R.L. (this is NPRB Publication no. 429). NR 115 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 489 BP 245 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10439 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 211WA UT WOS:000323941000019 ER PT J AU Larsen, MC Hamilton, PA Werkheiser, WH AF Larsen, Matthew C. Hamilton, Pixie A. Werkheiser, William H. BA Ahuja, S BF Ahuja, S TI Water Quality Status and Trends in the United States SO MONITORING WATER QUALITY: POLLUTION ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REFERENCE LAKE-SEDIMENTS; 5 AGRICULTURAL SETTINGS; UNSATURATED ZONES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRANSPORT; FATE; NITRATE; URBAN; RIVER; NITROGEN C1 [Larsen, Matthew C.; Hamilton, Pixie A.; Werkheiser, William H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Larsen, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-59404-4 PY 2013 BP 19 EP 57 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-59395-5.00002-9 PG 39 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BGH95 UT WOS:000323046600003 ER PT J AU Chang, HJ Jung, IW Strecker, A Wise, D Lafrenz, M Shandas, V Moradkhani, H Yeakley, A Pan, YD Bean, R Johnson, G Psaris, M AF Chang, Heejun Jung, Il-Won Strecker, Angela Wise, Daniel Lafrenz, Martin Shandas, Vivek Moradkhani, Hamid Yeakley, Alan Pan, Yangdong Bean, Robert Johnson, Gunnar Psaris, Mike TI Water Supply, Demand, and Quality Indicators for Assessing the Spatial Distribution of Water Resource Vulnerability in the Columbia River Basin SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Article DE water sustainability; vulnerability; water supply; water demand; water quality; multi-dimensional analysis; GIS; integrated water resource management ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; LAND-USE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SURFACE WATERS; GLOBAL CHANGE; ECOSYSTEMS; OREGON; SCALE AB We investigated water resource vulnerability in the US portion of the Columbia River basin (CRB) using multiple indicators representing water supply, water demand, and water quality. Based on the US county scale, spatial analysis was conducted using various biophysical and socio-economic indicators that control water vulnerability. Water supply vulnerability and water demand vulnerability exhibited a similar spatial clustering of hotspots in areas where agricultural lands and variability of precipitation were high but dam storage capacity was low. The hotspots of water quality vulnerability were clustered around the main stem of the Columbia River where major population and agricultural centres are located. This multiple equal weight indicator approach confirmed that different drivers were associated with different vulnerability maps in the sub-basins of the CRB. Water quality variables are more important than water supply and water demand variables in the Willamette River basin, whereas water supply and demand variables are more important than water quality variables in the Upper Snake and Upper Columbia River basins. This result suggests that current water resources management and practices drive much of the vulnerability within the study area. The analysis suggests the need for increased coordination of water management across multiple levels of water governance to reduce water resource vulnerability in the CRB and a potentially different weighting scheme that explicitly takes into account the input of various water stakeholders. C1 [Chang, Heejun; Jung, Il-Won; Lafrenz, Martin; Bean, Robert; Psaris, Mike] Portland State Univ, Dept Geog, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Strecker, Angela; Yeakley, Alan; Pan, Yangdong; Johnson, Gunnar] Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Wise, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Shandas, Vivek] Portland State Univ, Sch Urban Studies & Planning, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Moradkhani, Hamid] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Chang, HJ (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Geog, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM changh@pdx.edu RI Strecker, Angela/E-9430-2016; Moradkhani, Hamid/B-1571-2012 OI Strecker, Angela/0000-0001-9387-1654; FU summer collaborative project program of the Institute for Sustainable Solutions at Portland State University (PSU); National Science Foundation [1038925] FX This research was supported by a summer collaborative project program of the Institute for Sustainable Solutions at Portland State University (PSU). This material is also partially based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1038925. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of PSU or the National Science Foundation. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive feedback. NR 106 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 58 PU CMOS-SCMO PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3211, STATION D, OTTAWA, ON K1P 6H7, CANADA SN 0705-5900 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 SI SI BP 339 EP 356 DI 10.1080/07055900.2013.777896 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 206HB UT WOS:000323508500002 ER PT J AU Wilson, RE Sonsthagen, SA Franson, JC AF Wilson, Robert E. Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Franson, J. Christian TI Sex determination of duck embryos: observations on syrinx development SO AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Common Eider; sex identification; syrinx; vocal anatomy ID COMMON EIDERS; BIRDS; INCUBATION; RATIO; DNA AB Ducks exhibit sexual dimorphism in vocal anatomy. Asymmetrical ossification of the syrinx (bulla syringealis) is discernable at about 10 days of age in male Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) embryos, but information is lacking on the early development of the bulla in wild ducks. To evaluate the reliability of this characteristic for sexing developing embryos, we examined the syrinx of dead embryos and compared results with molecular sexing techniques in high arctic nesting Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima). Embryos 8 days or older were accurately (100%) sexed based on the presence/absence of a bulla, 2 days earlier than Pekin duck. The use of the tracheal bulla can be a valuable technique when sex identification of embryos or young ducklings is required. C1 [Wilson, Robert E.; Sonsthagen, Sarah A.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Wilson, RE (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM wils0289@yahoo.com OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 FU U.S. Geological Survey and Mineral Management Service through the Coastal Marine Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks [1435-01-98-CA-309] FX Funding was provided by U.S. Geological Survey and Mineral Management Service (1435-01-98-CA-309) through the Coastal Marine Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks. We thank all the researchers and biologists that worked on the Beaufort Sea Common Eider project, especially John Reed for field assistance, Kevin G. McCracken, Sandra L. Talbot, Ann Riddle, John Pearce, and an anonymous referee provided helpful comments. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1758-1559 J9 AVIAN BIOL RES JI Avian Biol. Res. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.3184/175815513X13739900273488 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA 206QW UT WOS:000323538200009 ER PT S AU Zydlewski, J Wilkie, MP AF Zydlewski, Joseph Wilkie, Michael P. BE McCormick, SD Farrell, AP Brauner, CJ TI FRESHWATER TO SEAWATER TRANSITIONS IN MIGRATORY FISHES SO EURYHALINE FISHES SE Fish Physiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EEL ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; ANADROMOUS SEA LAMPREY; SHAD ALOSA-ALOSA; MITOCHONDRIA-RICH CELLS; SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; TRANSPORT PROTEIN EXPRESSION C1 [Zydlewski, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. [Wilkie, Michael P.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. [Wilkie, Michael P.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Inst Water Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. RP Zydlewski, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. NR 562 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1546-5098 BN 978-0-12-397232-3; 978-0-12-396951-4 J9 FISH PHYSIOL JI Fish Physiology PY 2013 VL 32 BP 253 EP 326 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-396951-4.00006-2 PG 74 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BGD80 UT WOS:000322488500008 ER PT J AU Nelson, KJ Connot, J Peterson, B Martin, C AF Nelson, Kurtis J. Connot, Joel Peterson, Birgit Martin, Charley TI THE LANDFIRE REFRESH STRATEGY: UPDATING THE NATIONAL DATASET SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE change detection; fire behavior modeling; fuel mapping; LANDFIRE; MIICA; Refresh; remote sensing; VCT; vegetation transition; Wallow Fire ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COVER DATABASE; SATELLITE IMAGERY; ANCILLARY DATA; FIRE BEHAVIOR; FOREST; VEGETATION; USA; COMPLETION; MODEL AB The LANDFIRE Program provides comprehensive vegetation and fuel datasets for the entire United States. As with many large-scale ecological datasets, vegetation and landscape conditions must be updated periodically to account for disturbances, growth, and natural succession. The LANDFIRE Refresh effort was the first attempt to consistently update these products nationwide. It incorporated a combination of specific systematic improvements to the original LANDFIRE National data, remote sensing based disturbance detection methods, field collected disturbance information, vegetation growth and succession modeling, and vegetation transition processes. This resulted in the creation of two complete datasets for all 50 states: LANDFIRE Refresh 2001, which includes the systematic improvements, and LANDFIRE Refresh 2008, which includes the disturbance and succession updates to the vegetation and fuel data. The new datasets are comparable for studying landscape changes in vegetation type and structure over a decadal period, and provide the most recent characterization of fuel conditions across the country. The applicability of the new layers is discussed and the effects of using the new fuel datasets are demonstrated through a fire behavior modeling exercise using the 2011 Wallow Fire in eastern Arizona as an example. C1 [Nelson, Kurtis J.] US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci USG, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Connot, Joel; Martin, Charley] USGS EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Peterson, Birgit] USGS EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Nelson, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci USG, 47918 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM knelson@usgs.gov FU USGS [G10PC00044, G08PC91508] FX LANDFIRE Refresh was made possible by the efforts of the LANDFIRE teams at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, the USDA FS Fire Sciences Laboratory, Systems for Environmental Management, The Nature Conservancy, and the many partners who have contributed to these efforts, especially those who provided field data. The authors would like to thank C. Toney, USDA FS FIA, for providing the data necessary for remapping forest structure, and the anonymous reviewers for their substantial improvement of the manuscript. The work of J. Connot and C. Martin was performed under USGS contract G10PC00044. The work of B. Peterson was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 2 BP 80 EP 101 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0902080 PG 22 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 208TK UT WOS:000323702400007 ER PT J AU Van Linn, PF Nussear, KE Esque, TC DeFalco, LA Inman, RD Abella, SR AF Van Linn, Peter F., III Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. DeFalco, Lesley A. Inman, Richard D. Abella, Scott R. TI Estimating wildfire risk on a Mojave Desert landscape using remote sensing and field sampling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Bromus madritensis; Bromus tectorum; desert fire risk modelling; fuel load modelling; Gold Butte; landscape wildfire prediction; Schismus barbatus ID RUSSIAN FAR-EAST; MODELING FIRE; NORTH-AMERICA; FRAMEWORK; DANGER; MODIS; USA AB Predicting wildfires that affect broad landscapes is important for allocating suppression resources and guiding land management. Wildfire prediction in the south-western United States is of specific concern because of the increasing prevalence and severe effects of fire on desert shrublands and the current lack of accurate fire prediction tools. We developed a fire risk model to predict fire occurrence in a north-eastern Mojave Desert landscape. First we developed a spatial model using remote sensing data to predict fuel loads based on field estimates of fuels. We then modelled fire risk (interactions of fuel characteristics and environmental conditions conducive to wildfire) using satellite imagery, our model of fuel loads, and spatial data on ignition potential (lightning strikes and distance to roads), topography (elevation and aspect) and climate (maximum and minimum temperatures). The risk model was developed during a fire year at our study landscape and validated at a nearby landscape; model performance was accurate and similar at both sites. This study demonstrates that remote sensing techniques used in combination with field surveys can accurately predict wildfire risk in the Mojave Desert and may be applicable to other arid and semiarid lands where wildfires are prevalent. C1 [Van Linn, Peter F., III; Nussear, Kenneth E.; Esque, Todd C.; DeFalco, Lesley A.; Inman, Richard D.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Van Linn, Peter F., III; Abella, Scott R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Nussear, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM knussear@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Land Management (BLM) FX We thank Dr Stan Smith and Dr Edward Weber of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, for much help and guidance with respect to the overall approach to this research. We thank B. Hawkins and R. Kellogg for assistance in the field. We also thank the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for funding the work and the BLM and Desert Research Institute for providing some of the data used in this study. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 6 BP 770 EP 779 DI 10.1071/WF12158 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 208ZB UT WOS:000323720500005 ER PT S AU Ulusoy, HS Kalkan, E Banga, K AF Ulusoy, Hasan S. Kalkan, Erol Banga, Krishna BE Lynch, JP Yun, CB Wang, KW TI Real-time seismic monitoring of Veterans Affairs hospital buildings SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2013 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 10-14, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Seismic monitoring; instrumentation; earthquake; vibration data; damage detection and locating; system identification; structural health monitoring ID EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE DETECTION AB This paper describes recent collaborative efforts made by the United States Geological Survey and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in real-time seismic monitoring of VA hospital buildings located in seismically active regions. The instrumentation in each building encompasses accelerometers deployed on all floors, a multi-channel recorder, and a server to analyze and archive the building's dynamic response in real-time. The server runs advanced structural health monitoring software, which consists of several data processing and analysis modules. Four different algorithms are implemented in four separate modules to compute shear-wave travel time, modal parameters, base shear force, and inter-story drift ratio from the measured vibration data from the instrumented building. The performance level and damage state of the building are estimated from the inter-story drift ratio and base-shear; the change in modal parameters and wave travel time is also used to detect and locate any possible damage zone(s) in the building. These algorithms are validated and verified using data from full-scale shake table tests. The information obtained from the real-time seismic monitoring system can be used to support timely decisions regarding the structural integrity of the VA hospital buildings immediately after an earthquake, and to help with inspections and necessary repairs and replacements. C1 [Ulusoy, Hasan S.] 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Banga, Krishna] Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Ulusoy, HS (reprint author), 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hulusoy@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of the Veterans Affairs FX We would like to thank Prof. Babak Moaveni for providing us the University of California, San Diego experimental shake table test data. We also thank Drs. Kishor Jaiswal, Reza Baghaei and Keith Knudsen for their review and constructive comments. The U.S. Department of the Veterans Affairs has provided funding for this study. Details of the seismic instrumentation project for Veterans Affairs hospital buildings, and numerous publications of this project can be found at http://earthquake.usgs.gov/monitoring/buildings/va.php. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9475-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8692 AR UNSP 86920I DI 10.1117/12.2012236 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGK14 UT WOS:000323283300014 ER PT J AU Ludecke, T Mikes, T Rojay, FB Cosca, MA Mulch, A AF Luedecke, Tina Mikes, Tamas Rojay, F. Bora Cosca, Michael A. Mulch, Andreas TI Stable isotope-based reconstruction of Oligo-Miocene paleoenvironment and paleohydrology of Central Anatolian lake basins (Turkey) SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cenozoic; lacustrine carbonates; stable isotopes; Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology; Central Anatolian Plateau; Turkey ID NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; MIOCENE CLIMATIC OPTIMUM; TERTIARY ULUKISLA BASIN; ECEMIS FAULT ZONE; SOUTHERN TURKEY; MIDDLE MIOCENE; LATE OLIGOCENE; CENTRAL-EUROPE; PALEOGEOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION; SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION AB Isotope geochemistry of lacustrine carbonate represents a powerful tool to reconstruct paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions. Here, we present a comprehensive set of long-term oxygen (delta O-18) and carbon (delta C-13) stable isotope records from 5 Chattian to Burdigalian lacustrine sequences distributed over the Central Anatolian Plateau. Field relationships combined with stable isotope geochemistry indicate a relatively humid subtropic Late Oligocene climate with an environment characterized by large, temporally open freshwater lakes. Approximately during the middle Aquitanian, a 4 parts per thousand-5 parts per thousand increase in lake delta O-18 values indicates changes in regional climate including more arid conditions and an increasing dominance of closed saline lake conditions in the central plateau region. This time period was also characterized by frequent climatic fluctuations such as short-lived humid periods, possibly recording the influence of seasonality, topography, and the waxing and waning of aridity. In general, relatively high Oligo-Miocene delta O-18 lake water values within the modern plateau interior, even for the least evaporative sequences, suggest the absence of significant orographic barriers at both the northern and southern plateau margins prior to 20-16 Ma. C1 [Luedecke, Tina; Mulch, Andreas] Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, Frankfurt, Germany. [Luedecke, Tina; Mikes, Tamas; Mulch, Andreas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Rojay, F. Bora] Middle E Tech Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Geol Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Cosca, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mulch, Andreas] Senckenberg Res Inst, Frankfurt, Germany. [Mulch, Andreas] Nat Hist Museum, Frankfurt, Germany. [Mikes, Tamas] Eriksfiord AS, Stavanger, Norway. RP Ludecke, T (reprint author), Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, Frankfurt, Germany. EM tina.luedecke@senckenberg.de RI Mulch, Andreas/A-1324-2013 FU DFG [Mu-2845/1-1]; TUBITAK [107Y333]; Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts FX This is a VAMP contribution to the ESF Eurocores TopoEurope project (DFG Mu-2845/1-1 to A.M. and TUBITAK Project 107Y333 to B.R.). A. M. acknowledges additional support through the LOEWE funding program (Landes Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich okonomischer Exzellenz) of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts. The manuscript benefited from helpful reviews by D. Cosentino and C. S. Bayari. We acknowledge discussion about the interpretation of NOW data with J. Eronen. NR 119 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 26 PU SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK PI ANKARA PA ATATURK BULVARI NO 221, KAVAKLIDERE, TR-06100 ANKARA, TURKEY SN 1300-0985 J9 TURK J EARTH SCI JI Turk. J. Earth Sci. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 5 BP 793 EP 819 DI 10.3906/yer-1207-11 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 207MT UT WOS:000323605600006 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE Ennen, JR AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. Ennen, Joshua R. TI A quantitative analysis of the state of knowledge of turtles of the United States and Canada SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article DE Canada; conservation; Endangered Species Act; knowledge; literature; turtles; United States ID POPULATIONS; PSYCHOLOGY; TORTOISE; REPTILES AB The "information age" ushered in an explosion of knowledge and access to knowledge that continues to revolutionize society. Knowledge about turtles, as measured by number of published papers, has been growing at an exponential rate since the early 1970s, a phenomenon mirrored in all scientific disciplines. Although knowledge about turtles, as measured by number of citations for papers in scientific journals, has been growing rapidly, this taxonomic group remains highly imperiled suggesting that knowledge is not always successfully translated into effective conservation of turtles. We reviewed the body of literature on turtles of the United States and Canada and found that: 1) the number of citations is biased toward large-bodied species, 2) the number of citations is biased toward wide-ranging species, and 3) conservation status has little effect on the accumulation of knowledge for a species, especially after removing the effects of body size or range size. The dispersion of knowledge, measured by Shannon Weiner diversity and evenness indices across species, was identical from 1994 to 2009 suggesting that poorly studied species remained poorly-studied species while well-studied species remained well studied. Several species listed as threatened or endangered under the U. S. Endangered Species Act (e. g., Pseudemys alabamensis, Sternotherus depressus, and Graptemys oculifera) remain poorly studied with the estimated number of citations for each ranging from only 13-24. The low number of citations for these species could best be explained by their restricted distribution and/or their smaller size. Despite the exponential increase in knowledge of turtles in the United States and Canada, no species of turtle listed under the Endangered Species Act has ever been delisted for reason of recovery. Therefore, increased knowledge does not necessarily contribute appreciably to recovery of threatened turtles. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Ennen, Joshua R.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 EI 1568-5381 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PY 2013 VL 34 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1163/15685381-00002860 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 200EL UT WOS:000323050500002 ER PT J AU Olgun, N Duggen, S Langmann, B Hort, M Waythomas, CF Hoffmann, L Croot, P AF Olgun, N. Duggen, S. Langmann, B. Hort, M. Waythomas, C. F. Hoffmann, L. Croot, P. TI Geochemical evidence of oceanic iron fertilization by the Kasatochi volcanic eruption in 2008 and the potential impacts on Pacific sockeye salmon SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Kasatochi eruption; Volcanic ash; Fe limitation; Diatom bloom; Gulf of Alaska; Sockeye salmon ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; FRASER-RIVER; ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENTS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; MARINE GROWTH; SURFACE OCEAN; HNLC WATERS; NE PACIFIC; ASH AB The Kasatochi volcanic eruption that occurred in the central Aleutian Islands in Alaska, USA, in August 2008 is thought to have induced a massive diatom bloom in the iron-limited waters of the Gulf of Alaska, which potentially affected the oceanic food web by increasing the abundance of zooplankton and sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the northeast Pacific Ocean. We report the first seawater experiments involving volcanic ash ejected from the Kasatochi eruption, showing that the ash released 61 to 83 nmol Fe, 374 to 410 nmol NO3-, 5 to 6 nmol PO43- and 170 to 585 nmol SiO2 when it contacted seawater. Our study suggests that the amount of iron released from Kasatochi ash (an increase of 2.0 to 2.8 nM Fe) was indeed sufficient to cause the observed phytoplankton bloom in the northeastern Pacific Gyre, while the impact of macronutrient release was minimal. We further evaluated the multiple, interdependent processes in the oceanic food web related to the diatom bloom, involving the ocean survival of juvenile salmon that entered the northeast Pacific Ocean in the summer of 2008. C1 [Olgun, N.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel GEOMAR, Dynam Ocean Floor Div, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Olgun, N.] GEOMAR, Marine Biogeochem Div, Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Duggen, S.] Danish Natl Minor Northern Germany, AP Moller Skolen Upper Secondary Sch, D-24837 Schleswig, Germany. [Duggen, S.] Danish Natl Minor Northern Germany, Form Coll 6, D-24837 Schleswig, Germany. [Langmann, B.; Hort, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Geophys, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Waythomas, C. F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Croot, P.] Natl Univ Ireland, Earth & Ocean Sci Dept, Galway, Ireland. RP Olgun, N (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. EM nazliolgun.kiyak@itu.edu.tr RI Croot, Peter/C-8460-2009 OI Croot, Peter/0000-0003-1396-0601 FU GEO-MAR-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, through the multidisciplinary research group NOVUM "Nutrients Originating Volcanoes and their effects on the eUphotic zone of the Marine ecosystem"; Volatiles and Hazards in Subduction Zones [174, Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 574] FX This study was supported by GEO-MAR-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, through the multidisciplinary research group NOVUM "Nutrients Originating Volcanoes and their effects on the eUphotic zone of the Marine ecosystem" and contribution number 174 of the Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 574 "Volatiles and Hazards in Subduction Zones". We are grateful to Frank Malien (GEOMAR, Kiel) for his assistance during the macro nutrient measurements. We thank US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory for providing the Kasatochi volcanic ash sample. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 488 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.3354/meps10403 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 202US UT WOS:000323245800007 ER PT J AU Ballachey, BE Bodkin, JL Monson, DH AF Ballachey, Brenda E. Bodkin, James L. Monson, Daniel H. TI Quantifying long-term risks to sea otters from the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Reply to Harwell & Gentile (2013) Reply COMMENT SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Sea otter; 'Exxon Valdez'; Oil spill; Enhydra lutris; Ecological risk assessment ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; ALASKA; EXPOSURE; CONTAMINATION; HYDROCARBONS; PATTERNS; RECOVERY; THERMOREGULATION; CALIFORNIA AB Recovery of sea otter populations in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, has been delayed for more than 2 decades following the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill. Harwell & Gentile (2013; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 488:291-296) question our conclusions in Bodkin et al. (2012; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 447:273-287) regarding adverse effects that oil lingering in the environment may have on sea otters. They agree that exposure may continue, but disagree that it constitutes a significant risk to sea otters. In Bodkin et al. (2012), we suggested that subtle effects of chronic exposure were the most reasonable explanation for delayed recovery of the sea otter population in areas of western PWS, where shorelines were most heavily oiled. Here, we provide additional information on the ecology of sea otters that clarifies why the toxicological effects of oral ingestion of oil do not reflect all effects of chronic exposure. The full range of energetic, behavioral, and toxicological concerns must be considered to appraise how chronic exposure to residual oil may constrain recovery of sea otter populations. C1 [Ballachey, Brenda E.; Bodkin, James L.; Monson, Daniel H.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Ballachey, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bballachey@usgs.gov RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013 OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673 NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 488 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.3354/meps10498 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 202US UT WOS:000323245800025 ER PT J AU Brewer, CA Stanislawski, LV Buttenfield, BP Sparks, KA McGilloway, J Howard, MA AF Brewer, Cynthia A. Stanislawski, Lawrence V. Buttenfield, Barbara P. Sparks, Kevin A. McGilloway, Jason Howard, Michael A. TI Automated thinning of road networks and road labels for multiscale design of The National Map of the United States SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE map design; generalization; topographic mapping; road thinning; road labeling AB This paper reports on progress in generalization and selective feature removal for a subset of fundamental base map layers that enables competent mapping through scales ranging from 1:24,000 to 1:1,000,000. Thinning and partitioning methods are applied to road features and labels for The National Map of the United States. Roads are thinned adaptively using the ArcGIS Thin Road Network geoprocessing tool, which removes features by feature hierarchy and network connectivity, yet preserves characteristic urban/rural local density patterns that can be lost through simple category removals. The paper describes thinning for label hierarchies within road categories, improved preference in placement for more important road labels, and selective removal of labels through scale. Use of the Radical Law to guide matches between thinning parameters and suitable scales of representation also is shown. Inspection of graphic results of these treatments can help to establish parameters for automated base map design for US topographic mapping. C1 [Brewer, Cynthia A.; Sparks, Kevin A.; McGilloway, Jason] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stanislawski, Lawrence V.; Howard, Michael A.] USGS, CEGIS, Rolla, MO USA. [Buttenfield, Barbara P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brewer, CA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cbrewer@psu.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1523-0406 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PY 2013 VL 40 IS 4 SI SI BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1080/15230406.2013.799735 PG 12 WC Geography SC Geography GA 199NI UT WOS:000323001200003 ER PT J AU Zhou, D Zhao, SQ Liu, S Oeding, J AF Zhou, D. Zhao, S. Q. Liu, S. Oeding, J. TI A meta-analysis on the impacts of partial cutting on forest structure and carbon storage SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; SOIL CARBON; TEMPERATE FORESTS; TROPICAL FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR; SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS; HARVESTING INTENSITY; THINNING INTENSITY; SIMULATION-MODEL; HEMLOCK FORESTS AB Partial cutting, which removes some individual trees from a forest, is one of the major and widespread forest management practices that can significantly alter both forest structure and carbon (C) storage. Using 748 observations from 81 studies published between 1973 and 2011, we synthesized the impacts of partial cutting on three variables associated with forest structure (mean annual growth of diameter at breast height (DBH), stand basal area, and volume) and four variables related to various C stock components (aboveground biomass C (AGBC), understory C, forest floor C, and mineral soil C). Results show that the growth of DBH increased by 111.9% after partial cutting, compared to the uncut control, with a 95% bootstrapped confidence interval ranging from 92.2 to 135.9%, while stand basal area and volume decreased immediately by 34.2% ([-37.4%, -31.2%]) and 28.4% ([-32.0%, -25.1%]), respectively. On average, partial cutting reduced AGBC by 43.4% ([-47.7%, -39.3%]), increased understory C storage by 391.5% ([220.0%, 603.8%]), but did not show significant effects on C stocks on forest floor and in mineral soil. All the effects, if significant (i.e., on DBH growth, stand basal area, volume, and AGBC), intensified linearly with cutting intensity and decreased linearly over time. Overall, cutting intensity had more strong impacts than the length of recovery time on the responses of those variables to partial cutting. Besides the significant influence of cutting intensity and recovery time, other factors such as climate zone and forest type also affected forest responses to partial cutting. For example, a large fraction of the changes in DBH growth re-mains unexplained, suggesting the factors not included in the analysis may play a major role. The data assembled in this synthesis were not sufficient to determine how long it would take for a complete recovery after cutting because long-term experiments were scarce. Future efforts should be tailored to increase the duration of the experiments and balance geographic locations of field studies. C1 [Zhou, D.; Zhao, S. Q.] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhou, D.; Zhao, S. Q.] Peking Univ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Minist Educ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liu, S.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Oeding, J.] USGS EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhao, SQ (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM sqzhao@urban.pku.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change [2010CB50600]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41071050, 31021001]; US Geological Survey FX This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change (#2010CB50600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#41071050 and #31021001), and the US Geological Survey's Land Carbon Project and the Land Change Science (LCS) Program. The authors are grateful to editors and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 77 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 6 BP 3691 EP 3703 DI 10.5194/bg-10-3691-2013 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 173ZQ UT WOS:000321122700017 ER PT J AU Smith, TJ Foster, AM Tiling-Range, G Jones, JW AF Smith, Thomas J., III Foster, Ann M. Tiling-Range, Ginger Jones, John W. TI DYNAMICS OF MANGROVE-MARSH ECOTONES IN SUBTROPICAL COASTAL WETLANDS: FIRE, SEA-LEVEL RISE, AND WATER LEVELS SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; Everglades; fire; hurricane; marl; peat; sea level; soil ID STORM SURGES; VEGETATION; FLORIDA; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; ELEVATION; LANDSCAPE; GRADIENTS AB Ecotones are areas of sharp environmental gradients between two or more homogeneous vegetation types. They are a dynamic aspect of all landscapes and are also responsive to climate change. Shifts in the position of an ecotone across a landscape can be an indication of a changing environment. In the coastal Everglades of Florida, USA, a dominant ecotone type is that of mangrove forest and marsh. However, there is a variety of plants that can form the marsh component, including sawgrass (Cladium mariscus [L.] Pohl), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus Scheele), and spikerush (Eleocharis spp.). Environmental factors including water depth, soil type, and occurrence of fires vary across these ecotones, influencing their dynamics. Altered freshwater inflows from upstream and increasing sea level over the past 100 years may have also had an impact. We analyzed a time series of historical aerial photographs for a number of sites in the coastal Everglades and measured change in position of mangrove-marsh ecotones. For three sites, detailed maps were produced and the area of marsh, mangrove, and other habitats was determined for five periods spanning the years 1928 to 2004. Contrary to our initial hypothesis on fire, we found that fire did not prevent mangrove expansion into marsh areas but may in fact assist mangroves to invade some marsh habitats, especially sawgrass. Disparate patterns in mangrove-marsh change were measured at two downstream sites, both of which had multiple fires over from 1948 to 2004. No change in mangrove or marsh area was measured at one site. Mangrove area increased and marsh area decreased at the second of these fire-impacted sites. We measured a significant increase in mangrove area and a decline in marsh area at an upstream site that had little occurrence of fire. At this site, water levels have increased significantly as sea level has risen, and this has probably been a factor in the mangrove expansion. C1 [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Foster, Ann M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Tiling-Range, Ginger] Cherokee Nations Business Solut, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Jones, John W.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Smith, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM tom_j_smith@usgs.gov FU Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative from Everglades National Park; Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Studies program; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; FISCHS project of the USGS; National Science Foundation [DEB-9910514, DBI-0620409] FX This research has been supported by a variety of funding sources over the years, including: the Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative from Everglades National Park, the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Studies program, the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, and the FISCHS project (Past and Future Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Habitats and Species in the Everglades) of the USGS. A. Garfield, U. Nash, D. Palacio, and S. Quail assisted with the massive amount of digitizing required during this project. We thank the staff of the Everglades National Park's South Florida collection management center for loaning us the aerial photographs. This material was developed in collaboration with the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under National Science Foundation Grant Nos. DEB-9910514 and DBI-0620409. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 49 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0901066 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 190UD UT WOS:000322365400006 ER PT J AU Jones, JW Hall, AE Foster, AM Smith, TJ AF Jones, John W. Hall, Annette E. Foster, Ann M. Smith, Thomas J., III TI WETLAND FIRE SCAR MONITORING AND ANALYSIS USING ARCHIVAL LANDSAT DATA FOR THE EVERGLADES SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE classification trees; Everglades; fire scars; Landsat; recovery; wetlands ID VEGETATION; FLORIDA AB The ability to document the frequency, extent, and severity of fires in wetlands, as well as the dynamics of post-fire wetland land cover, informs fire and wetland science, resource management, and ecosystem protection. Available information on Everglades burn history has been based on field data collection methods that evolved through time and differ by land management unit. Our objectives were to (1) design and test broadly applicable and repeatable metrics of not only fire scar delineation but also post-fire land cover dynamics through exhaustive use of the Landsat satellite data archives, and then (2) explore how those metrics relate to various hydrologic and anthropogenic factors that may influence post-fire land cover dynamics. Visual interpretation of every Landsat scene collected over the study region during the study time frame produced a new, detailed database of burn scars greater than 1.6 ha in size in the Water Conservation Areas and post-fire land cover dynamics for Everglades National Park fires greater than 1.6 ha in area. Median burn areas were compared across several landscape units of the Greater Everglades and found to differ as a function of administrative unit and fire history. Some burned areas transitioned to open water, exhibiting water depths and dynamics that support transition mechanisms proposed in the literature. Classification tree techniques showed that time to green-up and return to pre-burn character were largely explained by fire management practices and hydrology. Broadly applicable as they use data from the global, nearly 30-year-old Landsat archive, these methods for documenting wetland burn extent and post-fire land cover change enable cost-effective collection of new data on wetland fire ecology and independent assessment of fire management practice effectiveness. C1 [Jones, John W.; Hall, Annette E.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Foster, Ann M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jwjones@usgs.gov FU USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science Program FX Funding for this research was provided by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science Program. The assistance of the Everglades National Park fire management and anonymous reviewers was greatly appreciated. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0901133 PG 18 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 190UD UT WOS:000322365400011 ER PT J AU Drew, GS Piatt, JF Hill, DF AF Drew, Gary S. Piatt, John F. Hill, David F. TI Effects of currents and tides on fine-scale use of marine bird habitats in a Southeast Alaska hotspot SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Current velocity; Tides; Bathymetry; Seabirds; Glacier Bay ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PELAGIC CORMORANTS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; PIGEON GUILLEMOTS; CIRCULATION MODEL; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FEEDING ECOLOGY; PROTECTED AREAS AB Areas with high species richness have become focal points in the establishment of marine protected areas, but an understanding of the factors that support this diversity is still incomplete. In coastal areas, tidal currents-modulated by bathymetry and manifested in variable speeds-are a dominant physical feature of the environment. However, difficulties resolving tidally affected currents and depths at fine spatial-temporal scales have limited our ability to understand their influence on the distribution of marine birds. We used a hydrographic model of the water mass in Glacier Bay, Alaska, USA, to link depths and current velocities with the locations of 15 common marine bird species observed during fine-scale boat-based surveys of the bay conducted during June of 4 consecutive years (2000 to 2003). Marine birds that forage on the bottom tended to occupy shallow habitats with slow-moving currents; mid-water foragers used habitats with intermediate depths and current speeds; and surface-foraging species tended to use habitats with fast-moving, deep waters. Within foraging groups there was variability among species in their use of habitats. While species obligated to foraging near bottom were constrained to use similar types of habitat, species in the mid-water foraging group were associated with a wider range of marine habitat characteristics. Species also showed varying levels of site use depending on tide stage. The dramatic variability in bottom topography-especially the presence of numerous sills, islands, headlands and channels-and large tidal ranges in Glacier Bay create a wide range of current-affected, fine-scale foraging habitats that may contribute to the high diversity of marine bird species found there. C1 [Drew, Gary S.; Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hill, David F.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Drew, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM gdrew@usgs.gov RI Hill, David/C-4569-2012; OI Drew, Gary/0000-0002-6789-0891 FU US National Park Service; US Geological Survey (USGS) FX We thank the US National Park Service and the US Geological Survey (USGS) for providing the funding for this research. In addition to funding, park personnel provided invaluable logistical support. Marine surveys were conducted by employees of the USGS, US Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Park Service. Special thanks to Captains Jim de La Bruere of the USGS vessel RV 'Alaskan Gyre' and Greg Snedgen of the USGS vessel RV 'David Grey' for their capable assistance on surveys. We thank K. Oakley and R. Taylor for comments on the manuscript. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not reflect endorsement by the federal government. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 487 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.3354/meps10304 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 193QV UT WOS:000322577400022 ER PT J AU Vogel, RM Rosner, A Kirshen, PH AF Vogel, R. M. Rosner, A. Kirshen, P. H. TI Brief Communication: Likelihood of societal preparedness for global change: trend detection SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE-SIZE CALCULATIONS; UNITED-STATES; POWER AB Anthropogenic influences on earth system processes are now pervasive, resulting in trends in river discharge, pollution levels, ocean levels, precipitation, temperature, wind, landslides, bird and plant populations and a myriad of other important natural hazards relating to earth system state variables. Thousands of trend detection studies have been published which report the statistical significance of observed trends. Unfortunately, such studies only concentrate on the null hypothesis of "no trend". Little or no attention is given to the power of such statistical trend tests, which would quantify the likelihood that we might ignore a trend if it really existed. The probability of missing the trend, if it exists, known as the type II error, informs us about the likelihood of whether or not society is prepared to accommodate and respond to such trends. We describe how the power or probability of detecting a trend if it exists, depends critically on our ability to develop improved multivariate deterministic and statistical methods for predicting future trends in earth system processes. Several other research and policy implications for improving our understanding of trend detection and our societal response to those trends are discussed. C1 [Vogel, R. M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Rosner, A.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Kirshen, P. H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Res Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kirshen, P. H.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Vogel, RM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM richard.vogel@tufts.edu RI Vogel, Richard/A-8513-2008; Rosner, Ana/M-8281-2015 OI Vogel, Richard/0000-0001-9759-0024; Rosner, Ana/0000-0002-9799-3883 FU US Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources (IWR); Sectoral Applications Research Program (SARP) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office [NA07OAR4310373] FX The first author is indebted to the US Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources (IWR), for their support of this research project. The second and third authors were funded under a grant from the Sectoral Applications Research Program (SARP) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office, Grant Number NA07OAR4310373. The views expressed represent those of these authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of either IWR or NOAA. We are indebted to Brent Boehlert, Nicholas C. Matalas, Charles N. Kroll, Andrew Solow, Jon Hosking, Robert Hirsch, Michael Reed, Uri Shamir, Salvatore Grimaldi and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments on an early version of this manuscript. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1773 EP 1778 DI 10.5194/nhess-13-1773-2013 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 193CA UT WOS:000322533300007 ER PT S AU Evans, WC Hurwitz, S Bergfeld, D Lewicki, J Huebner, MA Williams, CF Brown, ST AF Evans, W. C. Hurwitz, S. Bergfeld, D. Lewicki, J. Huebner, M. A. Williams, C. F. Brown, S. T. BE Hellmann, R Pitsch, H TI Water-rock interaction in the Long Valley Caldera (USA) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, WRI 14 SE Procedia Earth and Planetary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL Avignon, FRANCE SP Int Assoc Geochemistry, Int Assoc Geochemistry (IAGC), Water Rock Interact Working Grp, French Geol Survey (BRGM), French Alternat Energy & Atom Energy Commiss, French Inst Radioprotect & Nucl Safety (IRSN), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr DE Long Valley; geothermal; geothermometry; carbon dioxide ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; CALIFORNIA AB Water-rock interactions within the main thermal aquifer in the Long Valley Caldera are evaluated using water chemistry data from a new suite of samples. The results reflect the impact of increased geothermal production and major CO2 loss, which appears to drive calcite precipitation in the aquifer. The study provides qualitative information on the rates of mineral reactions and the response times of chemical geothermometers to declining temperatures. (C) 2012 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Organizing and Scientific Committee of WRI 14 - 2013 C1 [Evans, W. C.; Hurwitz, S.; Bergfeld, D.; Lewicki, J.; Huebner, M. A.; Williams, C. F.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brown, S. T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Evans, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM wcevans@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-5220 J9 PROCED EARTH PLAN SC PY 2013 VL 7 BP 252 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.proeps.2013.03.186 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BFW45 UT WOS:000321664000062 ER PT S AU Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Conaway, CH Thomas, RB AF Kharaka, Y. K. Thordsen, J. J. Conaway, C. H. Thomas, R. B. BE Hellmann, R Pitsch, H TI The energy-water nexus: potential groundwater-quality degradation associated with production of shale gas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, WRI 14 SE Procedia Earth and Plantetary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL Avignon, FRANCE SP Int Assoc Geochemistry, Int Assoc Geochemistry (IAGC), Water Rock Interact Working Grp, French Geol Survey (BRGM), French Alternat Energies & Atom Energy Commiss (CEA), French Inst Radioprotect & Nucl Safety (IRSN), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr DE shale gas; energy resource; groundwater contamination; produced water ID MARCELLUS SHALE; CHALLENGES AB Oil and natural gas have been the main sources of primary energy in the USA, providing 63% of the total energy consumption in 2011. Petroleum production, drilling operations, and improperly sealed abandoned wells have caused significant local groundwater contamination in many states, including at the USGS OSPER sites in Oklahoma. The potential for groundwater contamination is higher when producing natural gas and oil from unconventional sources of energy, including shale and tight sandstones. These reservoirs require horizontally-completed wells and massive hydraulic fracturing that injects large volumes (up to 50,000 m(3)/well) of high-pressured water with added proppant, and toxic organic and inorganic chemicals. Recent results show that flow back and produced waters from Haynesville (Texas) and Marcellus (Pennsylvania) Shale have high salinities (>= 200,000 mg/L TDS) and high NORMs (up to 10,000 picocuries/L) concentrations. A major research effort is needed worldwide to minimize all potential environmental impacts, especially groundwater contamination and induced seismicity, when producing these extremely important new sources of energy. (C) 2012 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kharaka, Y. K.; Thordsen, J. J.; Conaway, C. H.; Thomas, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-5220 J9 PROCED EARTH PLAN SC PY 2013 VL 7 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.proeps.2013.03.132 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BFW45 UT WOS:000321664000102 ER PT S AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, D. Kirk BE Hellmann, R Pitsch, H TI Improving internal consistency of standard state thermodynamic data for sulfate ion, portlandite, gypsum, barite, celestine, and associated ions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, WRI 14 SE Procedia Earth and Plantetary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL Avignon, FRANCE SP Int Assoc Geochemistry, Int Assoc Geochemistry (IAGC), Water Rock Interact Working Grp, French Geol Survey (BRGM), French Alternat Energies & Atom Energy Commiss (CEA), French Inst Radioprotect & Nucl Safety (IRSN), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr DE thermodynamic properties; gypsum; barite; celestine; free energy; sulfate ion ID CO2-H2O SOLUTIONS; SOLUBILITY; 80-DEGREES-C; ANHYDRITE; CONSTANTS; CASO4 AB Thermochemical measurements in the gypsum-portlandite-water system are actually better than those reflected in the thermodynamic properties of CODATA. It is argued that by careful choice of starting points and pathways and with new data, improvements in standard state properties can achieve improved consistency with solubilities of gypsum, portlandite, barite, witherite, celestine, and strontianite if better entropy estimates of these minerals are made. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-5220 J9 PROCED EARTH PLAN SC PY 2013 VL 7 BP 624 EP 627 DI 10.1016/j.proeps.2013.03.140 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BFW45 UT WOS:000321664000152 ER PT S AU Thomas, JM Moser, DP Fisher, JC Reihle, J Wheatley, A Hershey, RL Baldino, C Weissenfluh, D AF Thomas, James M. Moser, Duane P. Fisher, Jenny C. Reihle, Jessica Wheatley, Alexandra Hershey, Ronald L. Baldino, Cristi Weissenfluh, Darrick BE Hellmann, R Pitsch, H TI Using water chemistry, isotopes and microbiology to evaluate groundwater sources, flow paths and geochemical reactions in the Death Valley flow system, USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, WRI 14 SE Procedia Earth and Planetary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL Avignon, FRANCE SP Int Assoc Geochemistry, Int Assoc Geochemistry (IAGC), Water Rock Interact Working Grp, French Geol Survey (BRGM), French Alternat Energy & Atom Energy Commiss, French Inst Radioprotect & Nucl Safety (IRSN), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr DE geochemistry; isotopes; microbiology; regional flow systems ID INTERBASIN FLOW; GREAT-BASIN; SPRINGS AB Springs of Ash Meadows and Furnace Creek (near or in Death Valley, CA) have nearly constant flow, temperature, chemistry, and similar delta H-2 and delta O-18 signatures. These factors indicate shared water sources and/or analogous geochemical reactions along similar flow paths. DNA-based (16S rRNA gene) microbial diversity assessments further illuminate these relationships. Whereas, all Ash Meadows springs share related archaeal populations, variations in carbon-14 (Crystal Spring) and strontium isotopes, Na+, SO42-, and methane concentrations (Big Spring), correspond with microbial differences within and between the two discharge areas. Similar geochemical signatures linking Ash Meadows and Furnace Creek springs appear to support a distinct end member at Big Spring in Ash Meadows, which is also supported by coincident enrichment in microbial methanogens and methanotrophs. Conversely, DNA libraries from a deep carbonate well (878 m) located between Ash Meadows and Furnace Creek (BLM-1), indicate no shared microbial diversity between Ash Meadows or Furnace Creek springs. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing and Scientific Committee of WRI 14-2013 C1 [Thomas, James M.; Hershey, Ronald L.] Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pwky, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Moser, Duane P.; Fisher, Jenny C.; Reihle, Jessica] Desert Res Inst, Las Vegas, NV 891 USA. [Baldino, Cristi; Weissenfluh, Darrick] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ash Meadows NWR, Amargosa Valley, NV 89020 USA. RP Thomas, JM (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pwky, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jthomas@dri.edu FU NWRPO; USFWS; DOE SBR Program; Desert Research Institute FX Thanks to Michael King, Walter Slack, and others at Hydrodynamics Group; Levi Kryder, Jamie Walker, Roger McRae and others from the Nye County Nuclear Waste Repository Program Office (NWRPO); and Richard Friese, Linda Manning and others at the National Park Service for material support including access to BLM-1 and Nevares DW2. This work was funded by grants from the NWRPO, USFWS, DOE SBR Program, and the Desert Research Institute. Thanks also to the Deep Carbon Observatory and the Census of Deep Life Program for DNA sequencing support. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-5220 J9 PROCED EARTH PLAN SC PY 2013 VL 7 BP 842 EP 845 DI 10.1016/j.proeps.2013.03.033 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BFW45 UT WOS:000321664000206 ER PT S AU Verplanck, PL AF Verplanck, Philip L. BE Hellmann, R Pitsch, H TI Partitioning of rare earth elements between dissolved and colloidal phases SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, WRI 14 SE Procedia Earth and Plantetary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL Avignon, FRANCE SP Int Assoc Geochemistry, Int Assoc Geochemistry (IAGC), Water Rock Interact Working Grp, French Geol Survey (BRGM), French Alternat Energies & Atom Energy Commiss (CEA), French Inst Radioprotect & Nucl Safety (IRSN), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr DE rare earth elements; fractionation; water-rock interaction; ultrafiltration ID WATER AB To utilize rare earth elements (REEs) as tracers in the weathering environment, an understanding of how these elements partition between aqueous and solid phases is essential. This study evaluates the partitioning between REEs and colloidal material over a range in pH (3.6-8.0) and solid and aqueous compositions. This paper presents results of filtration studies for REEs in 4 different conditions. Sample aliquots include an unfiltered fraction, a 0.45 mu m filtrate, and an ultrafiltrate (similar to < 0.005 mu m). Results show that the REEs behave conservatively in waters with pH below similar to 5.0. REEs tend to partition onto solid phases in circumneutral waters that have colloidal material, but the nature of the fractionation can vary from light REE enriched, heavy REE enriched, or no fractionation. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, MS Denver Fed Ctr 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Verplanck, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS Denver Fed Ctr 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-5220 J9 PROCED EARTH PLAN SC PY 2013 VL 7 BP 867 EP 870 DI 10.1016/j.proeps.2013.03.149 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BFW45 UT WOS:000321664000212 ER PT S AU Wanty, RB De Giudici, G Onnis, P Rutherford, D Kimball, BA Podda, F Cidu, R Lattanzi, P Medas, D AF Wanty, R. B. De Giudici, G. Onnis, P. Rutherford, D. Kimball, B. A. Podda, F. Cidu, R. Lattanzi, P. Medas, D. BE Hellmann, R Pitsch, H TI Formation of a low-crystalline Zn-silicate in a stream in SW Sardinia, Italy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, WRI 14 SE Procedia Earth and Planetary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL Avignon, FRANCE SP Int Assoc Geochemistry, Int Assoc Geochemistry (IAGC), Water Rock Interact Working Grp, French Geol Survey (BRGM), French Alternat Energy & Atom Energy Commiss, French Inst Radioprotect & Nucl Safety (IRSN), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr DE Sardinia; zinc; zinc-silicate; zinc isotopes; biomineralization ID ISOTOPES; DRAINAGE; ZINC AB In southwestern Sardinia, Italy, the Rio Naracauli drains a catchment that includes several abandoned mines. The drainage from the mines and associated waste rocks has led to extreme concentrations of dissolved Zn, but because of the near-neutral pH, concentrations of other metals remain low. In the reach from approximately 2300 to 3000 m downstream from the headwaters area, an amorphous Zn-silicate precipitates from the water. In this reach, concentrations of both Zn and silica remain nearly constant, but the loads (measured in mass/time) of both increase, suggesting that new Zn and silica are supplied to the stream, likely from emerging groundwater. Zinc isotope signatures of the solid are heavier than the dissolved Zn by about 0.5 permil in Zn-66/64, suggesting that an extracellular biologically mediated adsorption process may be involved in the formation of the Zn-silicate. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wanty, R. B.; Rutherford, D.] US Geol Survey, MS Denver Fed Ctr 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [De Giudici, G.; Onnis, P.; Podda, F.; Cidu, R.; Lattanzi, P.; Medas, D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. [Kimball, B. A.] US Geological Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Wanty, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS Denver Fed Ctr 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rwanty@usgs.gov FU University of Cagliari, Italy; USGS; Regione Sardegna FX The authors thank the Visiting Professor Program of the University of Cagliari, Italy, the USGS Mineral Resources Program, Regione Sardegna (LR7/2007 grant to P.L.) for funding. The use of brand or trade names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-5220 J9 PROCED EARTH PLAN SC PY 2013 VL 7 BP 888 EP 891 DI 10.1016/j.proeps.2013.03.030 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BFW45 UT WOS:000321664000217 ER PT J AU Nutile, S Amberg, JJ Goforth, RR AF Nutile, Sam Amberg, Jon J. Goforth, Reuben R. TI Evaluating the Effects of Electricity on Fish Embryos as a Potential Strategy for Controlling Invasive Cyprinids SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILVER CARP; EGG SIZE; SURVIVAL; ELECTROSHOCKING; GROWTH; RIVER AB Fish embryo responses to electricity have been evaluated to investigate impacts of electrofishing on survival of fish embryos. However, use of electricity as a lethal means of control for early life history stages of unwanted invasive fish species has not been investigated. We exposed Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas and Zebrafish Danio rerio embryos at multiple developmental stages to voltage gradients between 2 and 24V/cm with pulsed direct current (PDC) and virtual direct current (VDC) for 20 and 60s. Goldfish Carassius auratus embryos were similarly exposed to the same voltage gradients, although these trials were limited to VDC for 60s. Voltage gradients 20V/cm resulted in significantly lower survival for Fathead Minnow and Zebrafish embryos, and Goldfish embryos exhibited significantly reduced survival at voltage gradients 16V/cm. Zebrafish embryos also exhibited significantly lower survival with longer exposure duration and when exposed to VDC versus PDC, although Fathead Minnow embryo survival did not differ across exposure durations or current types. Based on these results, the use of electrical barriers to control bigheaded carps at early life history stages is likely impractical due to the large voltage gradients and high power densities necessary to transfer lethal power to embryos in open systems with ambient conductivities >300S/cm. The larger size of bigheaded carp eggs relative to those of our proxy cyprinids may make them more susceptible to lower voltage gradients. However, exploratory tests using a small number of wild-caught bigheaded carp eggs suggested that voltage gradients and associated power densities needed to transfer lethal power to embryos under in situ ambient conductivities were similar to those required to reduce survival in the proxy fish, possibly due to the small size of the bigheaded carp embryos relative to the large void space in water-hardened eggs. Received January 20, 2012; accepted July 30, 2012 C1 [Nutile, Sam; Goforth, Reuben R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Amberg, Jon J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Goforth, RR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 West State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rgoforth@purdue.edu RI Goforth, Reuben/B-1646-2010 OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 FU USGS; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX This project would not have been possible without the extensive input and help of Goforth Lab graduate students, personnel, and undergraduate technicians, especially Megan Gunn, Gary Hoover, Beth Bailey, Jennifer Meyer, Jayson Beugly, and S. Conor Keitzer. We also thank the financial staff and administrators at both Purdue University and USGS for their help in setting up and administering the accounts that supported this work. Our colleague, Maria Sepulveda, provided extremely helpful advice and insight with regard to several aspects of the project, and three anonymous reviewers provided excellent feedback on the draft manuscript that helped us to dramatically refine this paper. This project was made possible by generous financial support provided by USGS and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.717518 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500001 ER PT J AU Shaw, SL Chipps, SR Windels, SK Webb, MAH McLeod, DT AF Shaw, Stephanie L. Chipps, Steven R. Windels, Steve K. Webb, Molly A. H. McLeod, Darryl T. TI Influence of Sex and Reproductive Status on Seasonal Movement of Lake Sturgeon in Namakan Reservoir, Minnesota-Ontario SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; MICHIGAN TRIBUTARIES; LIFE-HISTORY; RIVER SYSTEM; POPULATION; HABITAT; PATTERNS; BIOLOGY; USA AB We evaluated the influence of sex and reproductive condition on seasonal distribution and movement patterns of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in Namakan Reservoir, Minnesota-Ontario. Blood samples were collected from 133 Lake Sturgeon prior to spawning and plasma concentrations of testosterone and estradiol-17 ss were analyzed using radioimmunoassay. Steroid concentrations were used to determine sex and the reproductive stage of each sturgeon. A subset of 60 adults were implanted with acoustic transmitters prior to spawning in 2007 and 2008. Movement was monitored using an array of 15 stationary receivers covering U.S. and Canadian waters of Namakan Reservoir and its tributaries. Of the monitored sturgeon, there was no significant difference in the minimum distance traveled between sexes or among seasons. Site residency did not differ between sexes but differed significantly among seasons, and Lake Sturgeon of both sexes had higher residency during winter (mean = 24 d). Five females implanted with transmitters were characterized as presumed reproductive and 14 as nonreproductive based on plasma steroid concentrations. In general, movement patterns (i.e., migration) of presumed reproductive females corresponded positively with availability of spawning habitat in tributaries. Moreover, presumed reproductive females traveled greater distances than nonreproductive females, particularly during prespawn, spawning, and fall time periods. Distance traveled by presumed reproductive females was highest in the fall compared with other seasons and may be linked to increased energy requirements during late oogenesis before spawning in spring. Combining movement data with information on Lake Sturgeon reproductive status and habitat suitability provided a robust approach for understanding their seasonal migration patterns and identifying spawning locations. Received October 27, 2011; accepted August 6, 2012 C1 [Shaw, Stephanie L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Windels, Steve K.] Voyageurs Natl Pk, Int Falls, MN 56649 USA. [Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [McLeod, Darryl T.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Ft Frances, ON P9A 1J4, Canada. RP Shaw, SL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 7922 North West 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM slshaw@ufl.edu FU National Park Service (CESU) [J6820081161]; U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank T. Brezden, T. Burri, J. Butcher, C. Debruyne, J. Eibler, M. Fincel, B. Flatten, K. Gebhardt, C. Glase, J. Glase, B. Halliday, B. Henning, P. Hogan, D. James, L. Kallemyn, M. Lebron, D. Lilja, B. McLaren, H. Meyer, M. Moseley, W. Nixon, A. Rob, L. Schultz, C. Sundmark, M. Thul, and C. Trembath for technical assistance in the field, and E. Cureton at the Bozeman Fish Technology Center for analysis of sex steroid concentrations. G. Adams and S. Mann assisted with age analysis of Lake Sturgeon. Funding for this project was provided by the National Park Service (CESU Agreement J6820081161). The U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.720625 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500002 ER PT J AU Mesa, MG Weiland, LK Christiansen, HE Sauter, ST Beauchamp, DA AF Mesa, Matthew G. Weiland, Lisa K. Christiansen, Helena E. Sauter, Sally T. Beauchamp, David A. TI Development and Evaluation of a Bioenergetics Model for Bull Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE; TEMPERATURE; CONSUMPTION; GROWTH; SALMON; FISH; CONSTRAINTS; VALIDATION AB We conducted laboratory experiments to parameterize a bioenergetics model for wild Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus, estimating the effects of body mass (12-1,117g) and temperature (3-20 degrees C) on maximum consumption (C-max) and standard metabolic rates. The temperature associated with the highest C-max was 16 degrees C, and C-max showed the characteristic dome-shaped temperature-dependent response. Mass-dependent values of C-max (N = 28) at 16 degrees C ranged from 0.03 to 0.13 gg(-1)d(-1). The standard metabolic rates of fish (N = 110) ranged from 0.0005 to 0.003 gO-2g(-1)d(-1) and increased with increasing temperature but declined with increasing body mass. In two separate evaluation experiments, which were conducted at only one ration level (40% of estimated C-max), the model predicted final weights that were, on average, within 1.2 +/- 2.5% (mean +/- SD) of observed values for fish ranging from 119 to 573g and within 3.5 +/- 4.9% of values for 31-65g fish. Model-predicted consumption was within 5.5 +/- 10.9% of observed values for larger fish and within 12.4 +/- 16.0% for smaller fish. Our model should be useful to those dealing with issues currently faced by Bull Trout, such as climate change or alterations in prey availability. Received December 12, 2011; accepted August 5, 2012 C1 [Mesa, Matthew G.; Weiland, Lisa K.; Christiansen, Helena E.; Sauter, Sally T.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM mmesa@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Portland General Electric; Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative [60181AN408]; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington State University; state of Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; state of Washington Department of Ecology; state of Washington Department of Natural Resources FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of our colleague and friend, James H. Petersen. Jim was a guiding force on this project, and it was a pleasure and a privilege to work under his tutelage. We thank Howard Schaller of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for financial, scientific, and administrative support; Don Ratliff, Scott Lewis, Megan Hill, and personnel from Portland General Electric for their financial support and constant willingness to help in the field; Susan Gutenberger, Ken Lujan, and Mary Peters of the Lower Columbia Fish Health Center for their fish health screenings; the Eagle Creek (Estacada, Oregon), Spring Creek (Underwood, Washington), and Little White Salmon (Cook, Washington) National Fish Hatcheries, and the Eells Springs State Fish Hatchery (Shelton, Washington), for kindly providing us with prey fish; and Kyle Martens, Jason Ontjes, Brien Rose, and Joe Warren of the CRRL for field and laboratory assistance. Comments by Jason Romine, Bianca Streif, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative under agreement 60181AN408. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Washington, Washington State University, the state of Washington Departments of Fish and Wildlife, Ecology, and Natural Resources, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.720628 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500004 ER PT J AU Trushenski, JT Bowker, JD Cooke, SJ Erdahl, D Bell, T MacMillan, JR Yanong, RP Hill, JE Fabrizio, MC Garvey, JE Sharon, S AF Trushenski, J. T. Bowker, J. D. Cooke, S. J. Erdahl, D. Bell, T. MacMillan, J. R. Yanong, R. P. Hill, J. E. Fabrizio, M. C. Garvey, J. E. Sharon, S. TI Issues Regarding the Use of Sedatives in Fisheries and the Need for Immediate-Release Options SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CLOVE OIL; RAINBOW-TROUT; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; PLASMA-CORTISOL; FRESH-WATER; BENZOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE; SURGICAL IMPLANTATION; COLOSSOMA-MACROPOMUM AB The lack of an immediate-release sedative (i.e., one for which no postsedation holding or withdrawal period is required) jeopardizes fish and fisheries research and poses considerable risk to those involved in aquatic resource management and the operation of public hatcheries and commercial fish farms. Carbon dioxide may be used as an immediate-release sedative, but it is slow-acting and difficult to apply uniformly and effectively. Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is easier to apply but requires a 21-d withdrawal period. The lack of an immediate-release sedative approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a consequence of numerous factors, including the complexities of the approval process, the substantial human and monetary resources involved, and the specialized nature of the work. Efforts are currently underway to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of benzocaine- and eugenol-based products as immediate-release sedatives. However, pursuing approvals within the current framework will consume an exorbitant amount of public and private resources and will take years to complete, even though both compounds are generally recognized as safe for certain applications by the FDA. We recommend using risk management-based approaches to increase the efficiency of the drug approval process and the availability of safe and effective drugs, including immediate-release sedatives, for use in the fisheries and aquaculture disciplines. Received March 29, 2012; accepted September 14, 2012 C1 [Trushenski, J. T.; Garvey, J. E.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bowker, J. D.; Erdahl, D.; Bell, T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [MacMillan, J. R.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. [Yanong, R. P.; Hill, J. E.] Univ Florida, Trop Aquaculture Lab, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Inst Food & Agr Sci,Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Ruskin, FL 33570 USA. [Fabrizio, M. C.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Sharon, S.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Casper Reg Off, Casper, WY 82604 USA. RP Trushenski, JT (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Dept Zool, 1125 Lincoln Dr,Room 173, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu RI Garvey, Jim/A-4919-2012; Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Garvey, Jim/0000-0001-5393-9351; Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 NR 106 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 156 EP 170 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.732651 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500014 ER PT J AU Irwin, BJ Wagner, T Bence, JR Kepler, MV Liu, WH Hayes, DB AF Irwin, Brian J. Wagner, Tyler Bence, James R. Kepler, Megan V. Liu, Weihai Hayes, Daniel B. TI Estimating Spatial and Temporal Components of Variation for Fisheries Count Data Using Negative Binomial Mixed Models SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WALLEYE SANDER-VITREUS; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; REGIONAL TRENDS; REGIME SHIFTS; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FISH ABUNDANCE; LAKE-SUPERIOR AB Partitioning total variability into its component temporal and spatial sources is a powerful way to better understand time series and elucidate trends. The data available for such analyses of fish and other populations are usually nonnegative integer counts of the number of organisms, often dominated by many low values with few observations of relatively high abundance. These characteristics are not well approximated by the Gaussian distribution. We present a detailed description of a negative binomial mixed-model framework that can be used to model count data and quantify temporal and spatial variability. We applied these models to data from four fishery-independent surveys of Walleyes Sander vitreus across the Great Lakes basin. Specifically, we fitted models to gill-net catches from Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior; Oneida Lake, New York; Saginaw Bay in Lake Huron, Michigan; and Ohio waters of Lake Erie. These long-term monitoring surveys varied in overall sampling intensity, the total catch of Walleyes, and the proportion of zero catches. Parameter estimation included the negative binomial scaling parameter, and we quantified the random effects as the variations among gill-net sampling sites, the variations among sampled years, and site x year interactions. This framework (i.e., the application of a mixed model appropriate for count data in a variance-partitioning context) represents a flexible approach that has implications for monitoring programs (e.g., trend detection) and for examining the potential of individual variance components to serve as response metrics to large-scale anthropogenic perturbations or ecological changes. Received February 28, 2012; accepted August 19, 2012 C1 [Irwin, Brian J.; Bence, James R.; Liu, Weihai] Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kepler, Megan V.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hayes, Daniel B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Irwin, BJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM irwin@uga.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Great Lakes Restoration Act; Michigan Department of Natural Resources FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Great Lakes Restoration Act for funding this work and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources for additional support. We acknowledge Mike Seider, Dave Fielder, Lars Rudstam, and Chris Vandergoot for providing the Walleye gill-net data used here. We thank Nigel Lester for contributing to this work. We also thank Josh Schmidt and Joe Witt for helpful suggestions. This paper is contribution number 2013-01 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.728163 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500015 ER PT J AU Buehrens, TW Glasgow, J Ostberg, CO Quinn, TP AF Buehrens, T. W. Glasgow, J. Ostberg, C. O. Quinn, T. P. TI Spatial Segregation of Spawning Habitat Limits Hybridization between Sympatric Native Steelhead and Coastal Cutthroat Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS-IRIDEUS; CLARKI-CLARKI; HYBRID ZONES; NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RIVER DRAINAGE; MARKERS; FISHES AB Native Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii and Coastal Steelhead O. mykiss irideus hybridize naturally in watersheds of the Pacific Northwest yet maintain species integrity. Partial reproductive isolation due to differences in spawning habitat may limit hybridization between these species, but this process is poorly understood. We used a riverscape approach to determine the spatial distribution of spawning habitats used by native Coastal Cutthroat Trout and Steelhead as evidenced by the distribution of recently emerged fry. Molecular genetic markers were used to classify individuals as pure species or hybrids, and individuals were assigned to age-classes based on length. Fish and physical habitat data were collected in a spatially continuous framework to assess the relationship between habitat and watershed features and the spatial distribution of parental species and hybrids. Sampling occurred in 35 reaches from tidewaters to headwaters in a small (20km(2)) coastal watershed in Washington State. Cutthroat, Steelhead, and hybrid trout accounted for 35%, 42%, and 23% of the fish collected, respectively. Strong segregation of spawning areas between Coastal Cutthroat Trout and Steelhead was evidenced by the distribution of age-0 trout. Cutthroat Trout were located farther upstream and in smaller tributaries than Steelhead were. The best predictor of species occurrence at a site was the drainage area of the watershed that contributed to the site. This area was positively correlated with the occurrence of age-0 Steelhead and negatively with the presence of Cutthroat Trout, whereas hybrids were found in areas occupied by both parental species. A similar pattern was observed in older juveniles of both species but overlap was greater, suggesting substantial dispersal of trout after emergence. Our results offer support for spatial reproductive segregation as a factor limiting hybridization between Steelhead and Coastal Cutthroat Trout. Received March 9, 2012; accepted September 4, 2012 C1 [Buehrens, T. W.; Quinn, T. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Buehrens, T. W.; Glasgow, J.] Wild Fish Conservancy, Duvall, WA 98019 USA. [Ostberg, C. O.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Buehrens, TW (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 2108 Grand Blvd, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. EM thomas.buehrens@dfw.wa.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Western Washington Recovery Office [13410-8-J025]; Nature Conservancy [WAFO_193-053008]; Wild Fish Conservancy; University of Washington; Washington Fly Fishing Club FX This work was funded by a grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Western Washington Recovery Office (Co-operative Agreement 13410-8-J025), The Nature Conservancy (contract WAFO_193-053008), Wild Fish Conservancy, the University of Washington's H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and a fellowship from the Washington Fly Fishing Club. We sincerely thank the individuals who collected field data and conducted genetic laboratory work, including Isadora Jiminez-Hidalgo, Kerry Naish, Frank Staller, Ryan Klett, Schuyler Dunphy, Chau Tran, and Liane Davis. We thank John McMillan and George Pess for help in designing the study and Andrew McAninch for help with GIS analysis. We also thank Peter Kiffney, Todd Seamons, John Skalski, Clint Muhlfeld, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and reviews of earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 221 EP 233 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.728165 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500020 ER PT J AU Juncos, R Beauchamp, DA Vigliano, PH AF Juncos, Romina Beauchamp, David A. Vigliano, Pablo H. TI Modeling Prey Consumption by Native and Nonnative Piscivorous Fishes: Implications for Competition and Impacts on Shared Prey in an Ultraoligotrophic Lake in Patagonia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GALAXIAS-MACULATUS GALAXIIDAE; NORTHERN PATAGONIA; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; RAINBOW-TROUT; MICROLEPIDOTUS ATHERINIDAE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PERCICHTHYS-TRUCHA; OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; ENERGY DENSITY; LIFE-HISTORY AB We examined trophic interactions of the nonnative salmonids Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, and Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalisand the main native predator Creole Perch Percichthys trucha in Lake Nahuel Huapi (Patagonia, Argentina) to determine the relative impact of each predator on their forage base and to evaluate the potential vulnerability of each predator to competitive impacts by the others. Using bioenergetics simulations, we demonstrated the overall importance of galaxiids and decapods to the energy budgets of nonnative salmonids and Creole Perch. Introduced salmonids, especially Rainbow Trout, exerted considerably heavier predatory demands on shared resources than did the native Creole Perch on both a per capita basis and in terms of relative population impacts. Rainbow Trout consumed higher quantities and a wider size range of Small Puyen (also known as Inanga) Galaxias maculatus than the other predators, including early pelagic life stages of that prey; as such, this represents an additional source of mortality for the vulnerable early life stages of Small Puyen before and during their transition from pelagic to benthic habitats. All predators were generally feeding at high feeding rates (above 40% of their maximum physiological rates), suggesting that competition for prey does not currently limit either Creole Perch or the salmonids in this lake. This study highlights the importance of keystone prey for the coexistence of native species with nonnative top predators. It provides new quantitative and qualitative evidence of the high predation pressure exerted on Small Puyen, the keystone prey species, during the larval to juvenile transition from pelagic to littoral-benthic habitat in Patagonian lakes. This study also emphasizes the importance of monitoring salmonid and Creole Perch population dynamics in order to detect signs of potential impacts through competition and shows the need to carefully consider the rationale behind any additional trout stocking. Received January 11, 2012; accepted September 8, 2012 C1 [Juncos, Romina] Univ Nacl Comahue, Grp Evaluac & Manejo Recursos Ict, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Vigliano, Pablo H.] Univ Nacl Comahue, Grp Evaluac & Manejo Recursos Ict, Inst Invest Biodiversidad & Medioambiente, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP Juncos, R (reprint author), Univ Nacl Comahue, Grp Evaluac & Manejo Recursos Ict, Quintral 1250, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. EM rominajuncos@gmail.com FU Universidad Nacional del Comahue (CRUB) [UNCo B001]; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica [PICT 25722] FX This paper was partially supported by Universidad Nacional del Comahue (CRUB, UNCo B001) and Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (PICT 25722). We thank all the members of the Grupo de Evaluacion y Manejo de Recursos Icticos (GEMaRI) for their field assistance. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 268 EP 281 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.730109 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500024 ER PT J AU Hansen, AG Beauchamp, DA Baldwin, CM AF Hansen, Adam G. Beauchamp, David A. Baldwin, Casey M. TI Environmental Constraints on Piscivory: Insights from Linking Ultrasonic Telemetry to a Visual Foraging Model for Cutthroat Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AGE-0 RAINBOW-TROUT; LAKE WASHINGTON; PREY DETECTION; STRIPED BASS; FRESH-WATER; FISH; HABITAT; DIEL; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR AB Management of pelagic food webs under a shifting climate requires an understanding of how behavior, physiological tolerance, and the environment interact to mediate the foraging rates of consumers. However, analyses that treat each of these factors explicitly in a framework that captures interdependencies are lacking. We linked a visual foraging model and bioenergetics simulations with ultrasonic telemetry to mechanistically evaluate how stressful abiotic conditions (high temperature and low dissolved oxygen) influenced the foraging success of piscivorous Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii feeding on juvenile salmonids in Strawberry Reservoir, Utah. Our primary objectives were to (1) determine whether the foraging success of apex predators changes during periods of environmental stress and (2) identify the behavioral mechanisms that either lead to or buffer against shifts in foraging success. During early and mid-August, high epilimnetic temperatures and low hypolimnetic oxygen levels generated divergent diel vertical distributions between predators and prey. Consequently, encounters with prey were restricted to crepuscular or early morning periods, and the potential foraging success of the piscivores was reduced by 53-98%. Conversely, predator-prey overlap increased considerably when the reservoir was destratified during October, allowing the piscivores to achieve up to 98% of their maximum predation rate. Comparison of encounter and predation rate estimates from the visual foraging model with estimates of fish consumption from a bioenergetics model indicated that prey capture success was higher for piscivores during low-light periods. Therefore, as periods of stress impose constraints on the distribution of pelagic fishes, the magnitude of piscivory will depend on the resulting temporal-spatial overlap of predators and prey in complex ways. This study demonstrates how dynamic environmental conditions can mediate foraging success of piscivores and predation risk for prey. Received January 22, 2012; accepted September 17, 2012 C1 [Hansen, Adam G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baldwin, Casey M.] Colville Confederated Tribes, Fish & Wildlife Dept, East Wenatchee, WA 98802 USA. RP Hansen, AG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aghans@uw.edu FU H. Mason Keeler Fellowship (University of Washington [UW], School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences [SAFS]); Worthington Endowed Professorship(UW-SAFS); U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington Department of Ecology; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington Department of Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding support was provided by the H. Mason Keeler Fellowship (University of Washington [UW], School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences [SAFS]) to A. Hansen and by the Worthington Endowed Professorship(UW-SAFS) to D. Beauchamp. We thank Tim Essington, Daniel Schindler, Erik Schoen, three anonymous reviewers, and the associate editor for valuable comments that improved this manuscript. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey; the University of Washington; the Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; and the Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 300 EP 316 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.732650 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500026 ER PT J AU Ichihara, M Lyons, JJ Yokoo, A AF Ichihara, Mie Lyons, John J. Yokoo, Akihiko TI Switching from seismic to seismo-acoustic harmonic tremor at a transition of eruptive activity during the Shinmoe-dake 2011 eruption SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Harmonic tremor; infrasound; lava deflation; degassing; lava viscosity; bubbles ID COSTA-RICA; ARENAL VOLCANO; MELT INCLUSIONS; CONSTRAINTS; MAGMA; EXPLOSIONS; RHEOLOGY; FLOW; LAVA; KARYMSKY AB This paper reports a sequence of harmonic tremor observed during the 2011 eruption of Shinmoe-dake volcano, Kyushu, Japan. The main eruptive activity started with subplinian eruptions, followed by lava effusion. Harmonic tremor was observed as seismic waves during the final stage of the effusive eruption. The tremor observed at this stage had unclear and fluctuating harmonic modes. In the atmosphere, however, many impulsive acoustic waves indicating small surface explosions were observed. When effusion stopped and explosive degassing began, harmonic tremor was observed as acoustic waves in the air and in the seismic data, and the harmonic modes became clearer and more stable. This transition in the character of the harmonic tremor coincided with rapid deflation of the lava that had accumulated in the crater. Based on these observations, and laboratory experiments reproducing the features of the wave fields, it is concluded that the harmonic tremor sequence at Shinmoe-dake was generated by gas flowing through channels in the gradually solidifying lava. Comparing our results with the few cases of similar transition observed at other volcanoes, we expect that the transition indicates changes in magma rheology and degassing conditions in the crater, and therefore of changes in eruptive activity. C1 [Ichihara, Mie] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Lyons, John J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Yokoo, Akihiko] Kyoto Univ, Inst Geothermal Sci, Aso Volcanol Lab, Kumamoto 8691404, Japan. RP Ichihara, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. EM ichihara@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp FU MEX [22540431, 21200052]; JSPS [SP11-039] FX We are grateful to the Yomiuri Shimbun, Asia Air Survey Co. Ltd., and Japan Meteorology Agency for providing the aerial photos of the Shinmoe-dake crater, and Aira-Isa Regional Development Bureau of Kagoshima prefecture for providing video images. Information to estimate the properties of the lava was provided by Y. Suzuki. We also thank M. Takeo, J. M. Lees, and V. Vidal for useful discussions. The manuscript has been significantly improved by constructive comments by the two reviewers (J. B. Johson and T. Nishimura) and the editor (S. R. McNutt). This study has been supported by the MEX Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (22540431, 21200052), and JSPS Fellowship Summer Program (SP11-039). NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2013 VL 65 IS 6 BP 633 EP 643 DI 10.5047/eps.2013.05.003 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 186DF UT WOS:000322021500015 ER PT J AU Clement, MJ Castleberry, SB AF Clement, Matthew J. Castleberry, Steven B. TI Southeastern myotis (Myotis austroriparius) roost selection in cypress-gum swamps SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Coastal Plain; Georgia; Myotis austroriparius; Nyssa aquatica; radiotelemetry; roost selection; southeastern myotis; tree cavities; water tupelo ID BATS CORYNORHINUS-RAFINESQUII; SILVER-HAIRED BATS; BIG BROWN BATS; EARED BATS; RAT SNAKES; CHALINOLOBUS-TUBERCULATUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FOREST BATS; NEW-ZEALAND; TREE AB Roost characteristics have been described for most North American bats, but debate continues over the ultimate mechanisms behind roost selection. Hypotheses include the need for a stable microclimate, protection from predators, proximity to foraging habitat, and availability of alternative roosts, among others. Our objective was to weigh evidence for hypotheses regarding selection of diurnal summer roosts using southeastern myotis (Myotis austroriparius) as a model. We used transect searches and radiotelemetry to locate 25 roosts at eight study sites across the Coastal Plain of Georgia, USA. We measured 22 characteristics of trees, at all occupied roosts and at randomly selected unoccupied trees. We evaluated 10 hypotheses using single-season occupancy models. The best supported model predicted bat presence based on the variables tree species, solid wood volume, and canopy cover. Because these characters affect heat retention and insolation, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that bats select roosts that provide a favorable microclimate. However, data on roost temperature and humidity are needed for a conclusive determination. Occupancy was greatest at the study area closest to caves occupied by southeastern myotis. Water tupelo trees appear to be an important resource for this species, although proximity to suitable caves also seems to affect presence and should be considered in conservation planning. C1 [Clement, Matthew J.; Castleberry, Steven B.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Clement, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mclement@gmail.com RI Clement, Matthew/D-1251-2013 FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Resources Division; Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia FX We thank Jeremy Adams and Casey Carpenter for field assistance. The Nature Conservancy provided access and housing at Moody Forest. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources provided access and housing at all other sites. Mark Brigham, Mark Ford, Karl Miller, Nate Nibbelink, Jim Peterson, and an anonymous reviewer provided useful comments on the manuscript. Capture and handling protocols were approved by the University of Georgia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approval no. A2007-10046-c1) and Georgia Scientific Collecting Permit #29-WCH-06-104. Funding was provided by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Resources Division and the Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.3161/150811013X667939 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 179PH UT WOS:000321533300012 ER PT J AU Garmestani, AS Allen, CR Benson, MH AF Garmestani, Ahjond S. Allen, Craig R. Benson, Melinda H. TI Can Law Foster Social-Ecological Resilience? SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material DE adaptive governance; adaptive management; law; social-ecological resilience ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; GOVERNANCE; SCIENCE; CANADA AB Law plays an essential role in shaping natural resource and environmental policy, but unfortunately, many environmental laws were developed around the prevailing scientific understanding that there was a "balance of nature" that could be managed and sustained. This view assumes that natural resource managers have the capacity to predict the behavior of ecological systems, know what its important functional components are, and successfully predict the outcome of management interventions. This paper takes on this problem by summarizing and synthesizing the contributions to this Special Feature (Law and Social-Ecological Resilience, Part I: Contributions from Resilience 2011), focusing on the interaction of law and social-ecological resilience, and then offering recommendations for the integration of law and social-ecological resilience. C1 [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Benson, Melinda H.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Garmestani, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 AR 37 DI 10.5751/ES-05927-180237 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175TT UT WOS:000321257100045 ER PT J AU Maurer, EP Das, T Cayan, DR AF Maurer, E. P. Das, T. Cayan, D. R. TI Errors in climate model daily precipitation and temperature output: time invariance and implications for bias correction SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EXTREMES; SIMULATION; IMPACTS; CALIFORNIA; DATASET; BASIN; ENSO AB When correcting for biases in general circulation model (GCM) output, for example when statistically down-scaling for regional and local impacts studies, a common assumption is that the GCM biases can be characterized by comparing model simulations and observations for a historical period. We demonstrate some complications in this assumption, with GCM biases varying between mean and extreme values and for different sets of historical years. Daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature from late 20th century simulations by four GCMs over the United States were compared to gridded observations. Using random years from the historical record we select a "base" set and a 10 yr independent "projected" set. We compare differences in biases between these sets at median and extreme percentiles. On average a base set with as few as 4 randomly-selected years is often adequate to characterize the biases in daily GCM precipitation and temperature, at both median and extreme values; 12 yr provided higher confidence that bias correction would be successful. This suggests that some of the GCM bias is time invariant. When characterizing bias with a set of consecutive years, the set must be long enough to accommodate regional low frequency variability, since the bias also exhibits this variability. Newer climate models included in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change fifth assessment will allow extending this study for a longer observational period and to finer scales. C1 [Maurer, E. P.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Das, T.] CH2MHill, San Diego, CA USA. [Cayan, D. R.] US Geol Survey, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, Scripps Inst Oceanog & Water Resources Div, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Maurer, EP (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM emaurer@engr.scu.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009 OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X FU California Energy Commission; CALFED Bay-Delta program FX This research was supported in part by the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program. During the development of the majority of this work, T. Das was working as a scientist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The CALFED Bay-Delta program post-doctoral fellowship provided partial support for T. Das. The authors are grateful for the thoughtful and constructive comments of the reviewers, whose feedback substantially improved our methods and interpretation of results. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2147 EP 2159 DI 10.5194/hess-17-2147-2013 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 174FG UT WOS:000321139100006 ER PT J AU Drus, GM Dudley, TL Brooks, ML Matchett, JR AF Drus, Gail M. Dudley, Tom L. Brooks, Matt L. Matchett, J. R. TI The effect of leaf beetle herbivory on the fire behaviour of tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima Lebed.) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID DIORHABDA-ELONGATA; RIPARIAN RESTORATION; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; SALTCEDAR; PLANT; SPP.; USA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; CONSEQUENCES AB The non-native tree, Tamarix spp. has invaded desert riparian ecosystems in the south-western United States. Fire hazard has increased, as typically fire-resistant native vegetation is replaced by Tamarix. The tamarisk leaf beetle, Diorhabda carinulata Desbrochers, introduced for biological control, may affect fire behaviour by converting hydrated live Tamarix leaves and twigs into desiccated and dead fuels. This potentially increases fire hazard in the short term before native vegetation can be re-established. This study investigates how fire behaviour is altered in Tamarix fuels desiccated by Diorhabda herbivory at a Great Basin site, and by herbivory simulated by foliar herbicide at a Mojave Desert site. It also evaluates the influence of litter depth on fire intensity. Fire behaviour was measured with a fire intensity index that integrates temperature and duration (degree-minutes above 70 degrees C), and with maximum temperature, duration, flame lengths, rates of spread and vegetation removal. Maximum temperature, flame length and rate of spread were enhanced by foliar desiccation of Tamarix at both sites. At only the Mojave site, there was a trend for desiccated trees to burn with greater fire intensity. At both sites, fire behaviour parameters were influenced to a greater degree by litter depth, vegetation density and drier and windier conditions than by foliar desiccation. C1 [Drus, Gail M.; Dudley, Tom L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brooks, Matt L.; Matchett, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal Off, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Drus, GM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM gmdrus@umail.ucsb.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program [05-2-1-18]; Clark County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Program [2005-UCSB-552]; Luce Environmental Science to Solutions Fellowship; UC Santa Barbara Graduate Division FX The authors acknowledge G. Munk, C. Deuser (National Park Service) and Brinkerhoff Ranch for assisting in site selection and burn preparation, and K. Sneider (University of Nevada, Reno) for providing laboratory space and field assistants. Many people provided assistance in the field, but the authors give special thanks to J. TenBrinke, W. Pyle, R. McNeil, M. Taylor, S. Ostoja, the Lake Mead Exotic Plant Management Team (especially D. Coleman, R. Tietjen and B. Points) and the members of the Silver State Hunt Club. We thank the many people who provided constructive comments on this manuscript, especially T. Even, C. D'Antonio, P. Shafroth and several anonymous reviewers. We also thank A. Stewart-Oaten for statistical consultation. This work was supported in part by the Joint Fire Science Program (05-2-1-18), Clark County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Program (2005-UCSB-552), Luce Environmental Science to Solutions Fellowship and the UC Santa Barbara Graduate Division. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 29 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 446 EP 458 DI 10.1071/WF10089 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 168SK UT WOS:000320725800004 ER PT J AU Major, JJ Lara, LE AF Major, Jon J. Lara, Luis E. TI Overview of Chaiten Volcano, Chile, and its 2008-2009 eruption SO ANDEAN GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chaiten Volcano; Rhyolite; Explosive eruption; Ash fall; Lava dome; Pyroclastic density current; Lahar; Environmental impact; Ecological disturbance; Holocene stratigraphy; Geophysical monitoring ID SOUTHERN CHILE; ANDES; ZONE; CRISTOBALITE; TECTONICS AB Chaiten Volcano erupted unexpectedly in May 2008 in one of the largest eruptions globally since the 1990s. It was the largest rhyolite eruption since the great eruption of Katmai Volcano in 1912, and the first rhyolite eruption to have at least some of its aspects monitored. The eruption consisted of an approximately 2-week-long explosive phase that generated as much as 1 km(3) bulk volume tephra (similar to 0.3 km(3) dense rock equivalent) followed by an approximately 20-month-long effusive phase that erupted about 0.8 km(3) of high-silica rhyolite lava that formed a new dome within the volcano's caldera. Prior to its eruption, little was known about the eruptive history of the volcano or the hazards it posed to society. This edition of Andean Geology contains a selection of papers that discuss new insights on the eruptive history of Chaiten Volcano, and the broad impacts of and new insights obtained from analyses of the 2008-2009 eruption. Here, we summarize the geographic, tectonic, and climatic setting of Chaiten Volcano and the pre-2008 state of knowledge of its eruptive history to provide context for the papers in this edition, and we provide a revised chronology of the 2008-2009 eruption. C1 [Major, Jon J.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Lara, Luis E.] Programa Riesgo Volcan, Serv Nacl Geol & Mineria, Santiago, Chile. RP Major, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jjmajor@usgs.gov; luis.lara@sernageomin.cl OI Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466 NR 49 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 34 PU SERVICIO NACIONAL GEOLOGIA MINERVA PI SANTIAGO PA AVDA SANTA MARIO 0104, CASILLA 10465, SANTIAGO, CHILE SN 0718-7106 J9 ANDEAN GEOL JI Andean Geol. PY 2013 VL 40 IS 2 BP 196 EP 215 DI 10.5027/andgeoV40n2-a01 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA 158MQ UT WOS:000319976100001 ER PT J AU Lara, LE Moreno, R Amigo, A Hoblitt, RP Pierson, TC AF Lara, Luis E. Moreno, Rodrigo Amigo, Alvaro Hoblitt, Richard P. Pierson, Thomas C. TI Late Holocene history of Chaiten Volcano: New evidence for a 17th century eruption SO ANDEAN GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Historical eruption; Ash fallout; Channel aggradation; Chaiten Volcano ID MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; CHILE; ZONE; COMPLEX AB Prior to May 2008, it was thought that the last eruption of Chaiten Volcano occurred more than 5,000 years ago, a rather long quiescent period for a volcano in such an active arc segment. However, increasingly more Holocene eruptions are being identified. This article presents both geological and historical evidence for late Holocene eruptive activity in the 17th century (AD 1625-1658), which included an explosive rhyolitic eruption that produced pumice ash fallout east of the volcano and caused channel aggradation in the Chaiten River. The extents of tephra fall and channel aggradation were similar to those of May 2008. Fine ash, pumice and obsidian fragments in the pre-2008 deposits are unequivocally derived from Chaiten Volcano. This finding has important implications for hazards assessment in the area and suggests the eruptive frequency and magnitude should be more thoroughly studied. C1 [Lara, Luis E.; Amigo, Alvaro] Programa Riesgo Volcan, Serv Nacl Geol & Mineria, Santiago, Chile. [Moreno, Rodrigo] Univ Adolfo Ibanez, Fac Artes Liberales, Dept Hist, Vina Del Mar, Chile. [Hoblitt, Richard P.; Pierson, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Lara, LE (reprint author), Programa Riesgo Volcan, Serv Nacl Geol & Mineria, Avda Santa Maria 0104, Santiago, Chile. EM luis.lara@sernageomin.cl; rodrigo.moreno@uai.cl; alvaro.amigo@sernageomin.cl; rhoblitt@usgs.gov; tpierson@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU SERVICIO NACIONAL GEOLOGIA MINERVA PI SANTIAGO PA AVDA SANTA MARIO 0104, CASILLA 10465, SANTIAGO, CHILE SN 0718-7106 J9 ANDEAN GEOL JI Andean Geol. PY 2013 VL 40 IS 2 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.5027/andgeoV40n2-a04 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA 158MQ UT WOS:000319976100004 ER PT J AU Pallister, JS Diefenbach, AK Burton, WC Munoz, J Griswold, JP Lara, LE Lowenstern, JB Valenzuela, CE AF Pallister, John S. Diefenbach, Angela K. Burton, William C. Munoz, Jorge Griswold, Julia P. Lara, Luis E. Lowenstern, Jacob B. Valenzuela, Carolina E. TI The Chaiten rhyolite lava dome: Eruption sequence, lava dome volumes, rapid effusion rates and source of the rhyolite magma SO ANDEAN GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Volcanology; Rhyolite; Caldera; Lava dome; Eruption rates; Photogrammetry; Geochemistry; Chaiten ID VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; CHILE; GROWTH; SYSTEM; DYNAMICS AB We use geologic field mapping and sampling, photogrammetric analysis of oblique aerial photographs, and digital elevation models to document the 2008-2009 eruptive sequence at Chaiten Volcano and to estimate volumes and effusion rates for the lava dome. We also present geochemical and petrologic data that contribute to understanding the source of the rhyolite and its unusually rapid effusion rates. The eruption consisted of five major phases: 1. An explosive phase (1-11 May 2008); 2. A transitional phase (11-31 May 2008) in which low-altitude tephra columns and simultaneous lava extrusion took place; 3. An exogenous lava flow phase (June-September 2008); 4. A spine extrusion and endogenous growth phase (October 2008-February 2009); and 5. A mainly endogenous growth phase that began after the collapse of a prominent Peleean spine on 19 February 2009 and continued until the end of the eruption (late 2009 or possibly earliest 2010). The 2008-2009 rhyolite lava dome has a total volume of approximately 0.8 km3. The effusion rate averaged 66 m(3)s(-1) during the first two weeks and averaged 45 m(3)s(-1) for the first four months of the eruption, during which 0.5 km3 of rhyolite lava was erupted. These are among the highest rates measured world-wide for historical eruptions of silicic lava. Chaiten's 2008-2009 lava is phenocryst-poor obsidian and microcrystalline rhyolite with 75.3 +/- 0.3% SiO2. The lava was erupted at relatively high temperature and is remarkably similar in composition and petrography to Chaiten's pre-historic rhyolite. The rhyolite's normative composition plots close to that of low pressure (100-200 MPa) minimum melts in the granite system, consistent with estimates of approximately 5 to 10 km source depths based on phase equilibria and geodetic studies. Calcic plagioclase, magnesian orthopyroxene and aluminous amphibole among the sparse phenocrysts suggest derivation of the rhyolite by melt extraction from a more mafic magmatic mush. High temperature and relatively low viscosity enabled rapid magma ascent and high effusion rates during the dome-forming phases of the 2008-2009 eruption. C1 [Pallister, John S.; Diefenbach, Angela K.; Griswold, Julia P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Burton, William C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Munoz, Jorge; Lara, Luis E.; Valenzuela, Carolina E.] Serv Nacl Geol & Mineria, Santiago, Chile. [Lowenstern, Jacob B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pallister, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jpallist@usgs.gov; adiefenbach@usgs.gov; bburton@usgs.gov; jorge.munoz@sernageomin.cl; griswold@usgs.gov; luis.lara@sernageomin.cl; jlwnstrn@usgs.gov; carovale@gmail.com FU United States Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program; SERNAGEOMIN's Red Nacional de Vigilancia Volcanica (RNVV); Puerto Varas Technical Office FX We thank Ambassador P. Simons, Environment, Science, and Technology Officer M. Brett Rogers-Springs, and Economic and Political Affairs Officer G. Choi of the United States Embassy, Santiago, for their keen interest and support. We also thank former National Director A. Vio and Geological Branch Director W. Vivallo of the Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (SERNAGEOMIN), and F. Gil, Chief of SERNAGEOMIN's Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (OVDAS), for their strong support and ongoing collaboration. We acknowledge exceptional helicopter support from pilot R. Prieto of FAASA Aviacion as well as L. Hayden and H. Bleick of the United States Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California who assisted with microprobe analyses. Funding to support our work was provided by the United States Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program, SERNAGEOMIN's Red Nacional de Vigilancia Volcanica (RNVV) and Puerto Varas Technical Office. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 28 PU SERVICIO NACIONAL GEOLOGIA MINERVA PI SANTIAGO PA AVDA SANTA MARIO 0104, CASILLA 10465, SANTIAGO, CHILE SN 0718-7106 J9 ANDEAN GEOL JI Andean Geol. PY 2013 VL 40 IS 2 BP 277 EP 294 DI 10.5027/andgeoV40n2-a06 PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA 158MQ UT WOS:000319976100006 ER PT J AU Major, JJ Pierson, TC Hoblitt, RP Moreno, H AF Major, Jon J. Pierson, Thomas C. Hoblitt, Richard P. Moreno, Hugo TI Pyroclastic density currents associated with the 2008-2009 eruption of Chaiten Volcano (Chile): Forest disturbances, deposits, and dynamics SO ANDEAN GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chaiten Volcano; Pyroclastic density current; Directed explosions; Dome collapse; Block; and; ash flow; Dynamic pressure; Flow velocity; Temperature ID ASH-CLOUD SURGES; 22 NOVEMBER 1994; MERAPI VOLCANO; TEXTURAL ANALYSIS; SOUFRIERE HILLS; ARENAL VOLCANO; UNZEN VOLCANO; LATERAL BLAST; COSTA-RICA; ST-HELENS AB Explosive activity at Chaiten Volcano in May 2008 and subsequent dome collapses over the following nine months triggered multiple, small-volume pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). The explosive activity triggered PDCs to the north and northeast, which felled modest patches of forest as far as 2 km from the caldera rim. Felled trees pointing in the down-current direction dominate the disturbance zones. The PDC on the north flank of Chaiten left a decimeters-thick, bipartite deposit having a basal layer of poorly sorted, fines-depleted pumice-and-lithic coarse ash and lapilli, which transitions abruptly to fines-enriched pumice-and-lithic coarse ash. The deposit contains fragments of mostly uncharred organics near its base; vegetation protruding above the deposit is uncharred. The nature of the forest disturbance and deposit characteristics suggest the PDC was dilute, of relatively low temperature (<200 degrees C), and to first approximation had a dynamic pressure of about 2-4 kPa and velocity of about 30-40 ms(-1). It was formed by directionally focused explosions through the volcano's prehistoric, intracaldera lava dome. Dilute, low-temperature PDCs that exited the caldera over a low point on the east-southeast caldera rim deposited meters-thick fill of stratified beds of pumice-and-lithic coarse ash and lapilli. They did not fell large trees more than a few hundreds of meters from the caldera rim and were thus less energetic than those on the north and northeast flanks. They likely formed by partial collapses of the margins of vertical eruption columns. In the Chaiten River valley south of the volcano, several-meterthick deposits of two block-and-ash-flow (BAF) PDCs are preserved. Both have a coarse ash matrix that supports blocks and lapilli predominantly of lithic rhyolite dome rock, minor obsidian, and local bedrock. One deposit was emplaced by a BAF that traveled an undetermined distance downvalley between June and November 2008, apparently triggered by partial collapse of a newly effused lava dome that started growing on 12 May. A second, and larger, BAF related to another collapse of the new lava dome on 19 February 2009 traveled to within 3 km of the village of Chaiten, 10 km downstream of the volcano. It deposited as much as 8-10 m of diamict having sedimentary characteristics very similar to the previous BAF deposit. Charred trees locally encased within the BAF deposits suggest that the flows were of moderate temperature, perhaps as much as 300 degrees C. Erosion of the BAF deposits filling the Chaiten River channel has delivered substantial sediment loads downstream, contributing to channel instability and challenged river management. C1 [Major, Jon J.; Pierson, Thomas C.; Hoblitt, Richard P.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Moreno, Hugo] Observ Volcanol Los Andes Sur, Serv Nacl Geol & Mineria, Dinamarca 691, Temuco, Chile. RP Major, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jjmajor@usgs.gov; tpierson@usgs.gov; rhoblitt@usgs.gov; hmoreno@sernageomin.cl OI Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466 NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 20 PU SERVICIO NACIONAL GEOLOGIA MINERVA PI SANTIAGO PA AVDA SANTA MARIO 0104, CASILLA 10465, SANTIAGO, CHILE SN 0718-7106 J9 ANDEAN GEOL JI Andean Geol. PY 2013 VL 40 IS 2 BP 324 EP 358 DI 10.5027/andgeoV40n2-a09 PG 35 WC Geology SC Geology GA 158MQ UT WOS:000319976100009 ER PT J AU Renner, M Parrish, JK Piatt, JF Kuletz, KJ Edwards, AE Hunt, GL AF Renner, Martin Parrish, Julia K. Piatt, John F. Kuletz, Kathy J. Edwards, Ann E. Hunt, George L., Jr. TI Modeled distribution and abundance of a pelagic seabird reveal trends in relation to fisheries SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; Bering Sea; Distribution shifts; Fisheries; Fulmarus glacialis; Habitat modeling; Population trend ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; FULMARS FULMARUS-GLACIALIS; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS; NORTHERN FULMARS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; MARINE BIRDS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN CLIMATE AB The northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis is one of the most visible and widespread seabirds in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. However, relatively little is known about its abundance, trends, or the factors that shape its distribution. We used a long-term pelagic dataset to model changes in fulmar at-sea distribution and abundance since the mid-1970s. We used an ensemble model, based on a weighted average of generalized additive model (GAM), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and random forest models to estimate the pelagic distribution and density of fulmars in the waters of the Aleutian Archipelago and Bering Sea. The most important predictor variables were colony effect, sea surface temperature, distribution of fisheries, location, and primary productivity. We calculated a time series from the ratio of observed to predicted values and found that fulmar at-sea abundance declined from the 1970s to the 2000s at a rate of 0.83% (+/- 0.39% SE) per annum. Interpolating fulmar densities on a spatial grid through time, we found that the center of fulmar distribution in the Bering Sea has shifted north, coinciding with a northward shift in fish catches and a warming ocean. Our study shows that fisheries are an important, but not the only factor, shaping fulmar distribution and abundance trends in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. C1 [Renner, Martin; Parrish, Julia K.; Edwards, Ann E.; Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Edwards, Ann E.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, REFM Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Renner, M (reprint author), Tern Again Consulting, 388 E Bayview Ave, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM auklet@gmx.com OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 FU North Pacific Research Board [609, 637]; National Science Foundation [ARC-0908262]; National Research Council; US Geological Survey FX We acknowledge the help of M. Arimitsu, R. Bivand, C. Camphuysen, D. Dragoo, G. Drew, B. Drummond, S. Fitzgerald, S. Hatch, J. Jahncke, E. Labunski, N. Nur, A. Punt, and H. Renner during the course of this project. We appreciate the efforts, suggestions, and criticisms of 5 anonymous reviewers, which helped to improve this manuscript from its original version. We thank all the observers who spent long hours in often inclement conditions to gather the data reported here. The research was supported, in part, by the North Pacific Research Board (projects #609 and #637), the National Science Foundation (grant ARC-0908262), the National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship program, the US Geological Survey, and the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge in form of logistical and in-kind support. This is NPRB contribution #442, and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication #99. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 100 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 484 BP 259 EP 277 DI 10.3354/meps10347 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 163FM UT WOS:000320321300018 ER PT J AU Welty, EZ Bartholomaus, TC O'Neel, S Pfeffer, WT AF Welty, Ethan Z. Bartholomaus, Timothy C. O'Neel, Shad Pfeffer, W. Tad TI Cameras as clocks SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLACIER; ALASKA; WAVES AB Consumer-grade digital cameras have become ubiquitous accessories of science. Particularly in glaciology, the recognized importance of short-term variability has motivated their deployment for increasingly time-critical observations. However, such devices were never intended for precise timekeeping, and their use as such needs to be accompanied by appropriate management of systematic, rounding and random errors in reported image times. This study describes clock drift, subsecond reporting resolution and timestamp precision as the major obstacles to precise camera timekeeping, and documents the subsecond capability of camera models from 17 leading manufacturers. We present a complete and accessible methodology to calibrate cameras for absolute timing and provide a suite of supporting scripts. Two glaciological case studies serve to illustrate how the methods relate to contemporary investigations: (1) georeferencing aerial photogrammetric surveys with camera positions time-interpolated from GPS tracklogs; and (2) coupling videos of glacier-calving events to synchronous seismic waveforms. C1 [Welty, Ethan Z.; O'Neel, Shad; Pfeffer, W. Tad] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bartholomaus, Timothy C.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Welty, EZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ethan.welty@colorado.edu RI Bartholomaus, Timothy/C-1781-2015 OI Bartholomaus, Timothy/0000-0002-1470-6720 FU US National Science Foundation [IPY-0732726, EAR-0810313]; United States Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Mission; Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center FX We thank the reviewers at Steve's Digicams and Digital Photography Review, as well as the thousands of users on Flickr, whose image Exif we surveyed, for making their photographs publicly available online. We are grateful for the significant assistance provided by Extreme Ice Survey's Adam LeWinter, James Balog and others in deploying, servicing and calibrating the time-lapse cameras at Columbia Glacier. We thank Phil Harvey, Scientific Editor John Woodward and four anonymous reviewers for assistance and comments. W.T. Pfeffer, S. O'Neel and E.Z. Welty were funded by the US National Science Foundation grant IPY-0732726, and T.C. Bartholomaus by grant EAR-0810313. S. O'Neel and E.Z. Welty were also funded by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Mission and the Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 214 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.3189/2013JoG12J126 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 154ZV UT WOS:000319716100007 ER PT J AU Thelen, WA Allstadt, K De Angelis, S Malone, SD Moran, SC Vidale, J AF Thelen, Weston A. Allstadt, Kate De Angelis, Silvio Malone, Stephen D. Moran, Seth C. Vidale, John TI Shallow repeating seismic events under an alpine glacier at Mount Rainier, Washington, USA SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; VOLCANO; EARTHQUAKES; ALASKA; ERUPTION; ICEQUAKES; FREQUENT; HELENS; MOTION; MODEL AB We observed several swarms of repeating low-frequency (1-5 Hz) seismic events during a 3 week period in May-June 2010, near the summit of Mount Rainier, Washington, USA, that likely were a result of stick-slip motion at the base of alpine glaciers. The dominant set of repeating events ('multiplets') featured >4000 individual events and did not exhibit daytime variations in recurrence interval or amplitude. Volcanoes and glaciers around the world are known to produce seismic signals with great variability in both frequency content and size. The low-frequency character and periodic recurrence of the Mount Rainier multiplets mimic long-period seismicity often seen at volcanoes, particularly during periods of unrest. However, their near-surface location, lack of common spectral peaks across the recording network, rapid attenuation of amplitudes with distance, and temporal correlation with weather systems all indicate that ice-related source mechanisms are the most likely explanation. We interpret the low-frequency character of these multiplets to be the result of trapping of seismic energy under glacial ice as it propagates through the highly heterogeneous and attenuating volcanic material. The Mount Rainier multiplet sequences underscore the difficulties in differentiating low-frequency signals due to glacial processes from those caused by volcanic processes on glacier-clad volcanoes. C1 [Thelen, Weston A.; Moran, Seth C.] Cascade Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Allstadt, Kate; De Angelis, Silvio; Malone, Stephen D.; Vidale, John] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Pacific Northwest Seism Network, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wthelen@usgs.gov RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011; OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X; De Angelis, Silvio/0000-0003-2636-3056 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 214 BP 345 EP 356 DI 10.3189/2013JoG12J111 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 154ZV UT WOS:000319716100012 ER PT J AU Haroldson, MA Gunther, KA AF Haroldson, Mark A. Gunther, Kerry A. TI Roadside bear viewing opportunities in Yellowstone National Park: characteristics, trends, and influence of whitebark pine SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; grizzly bear; habituation; Pinus albicaulis; recreation; tourism; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos; whitebark pine; Yellowstone ID GRIZZLY BEARS; NORTH-AMERICA; ECOSYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; HABITUATION; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS; HUMANS AB Opportunities for viewing grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) from roadways in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have increased in recent years. Unlike the panhandling bears common prior to the 1970s, current viewing usually involves bears feeding on natural foods. We define roadside bear viewing opportunities that cause traffic congestion as "bear-jams." We investigated characteristics of bear-jams and their frequency relative to whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) cone production, an important fall food for bears, during 1990-2004. We observed a difference in diel distribution of bear-jams between species (chi(2) = 70.609, 4 df, P < 0.001) with the occurrence of grizzly bear-jams being more crepuscular. We found evidence for decreasing distances between bears and roadways and increasing durations of bears-jams. The annual proportion of bear-jams for both species occurring after the week of 13-19 August were 3-4 times higher during poor cone crop years than good. We suggest that native foods found in road corridors may be especially important to some individual bears during years exhibiting poor whitebark pine crops. We discuss management implications of threats to whitebark pine and increasing habituation of bears to people. C1 [Haroldson, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Gunther, Kerry A.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Bear Management Off, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Haroldson, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM mark_haroldson@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team; Yellowstone National Park FX Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team and Yellowstone National Park. We thank T. Wyman for assistance with the roadside bear observation database. We thank C. Costello and C. Schwartz for reviewing an early draft and suggesting many changes that improved the manuscript. We also thank K. West for additional editorial comments. S. Consolo-Murphy and P. White provided a review under the US Geological Survey Fundamental Science Practices. We especially thank all the dedicated Park staff and volunteers who have assisted with management of habituated bears and bear viewing visitors at bear-jams in YNP. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 31 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2013 VL 24 IS 1 BP 27 EP 41 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 158ZB UT WOS:000320012700004 ER PT J AU Peirce, JM Otis, EO Wipfli, MS Follmann, EH AF Peirce, Joshua M. Otis, Edward O. Wipfli, Mark S. Follmann, Erich H. TI Interactions between brown bears and chum salmon at McNeil River, Alaska SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; brown bear; chum salmon; escapement; McNeil River; Oncorhynchus keta; predation; Ursus arctos; wildlife-salmon interactions ID ADULT SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PACIFIC SALMON; URSUS-ARCTOS; BODY-SIZE; SELECTIVE PREDATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; POPULATIONS AB Predation on returning runs of adult salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) can have a large influence on their spawning success. At McNeil River State Game Sanctuary (MRSGS), Alaska, brown bears (Ursus arctos) congregate in high numbers annually along the lower McNeil River to prey upon returning adult chum salmon (O. keta). Low chum salmon escapements into McNeil River since the late 1990s have been proposed as a potential factor contributing to concurrent declines in bear numbers. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of bear predation on chum salmon in McNeil River, especially on pre-spawning fish, and use those data to adjust the escapement goal for the river. In 2005 and 2006, 105 chum salmon were radiotagged at the river mouth and tracked to determine cause and location of death. Below the falls, predators consumed 99% of tagged fish, killing 59% of them before they spawned. Subsequently, the escapement goal was nearly doubled to account for this pre-spawning mortality and to ensure enough salmon to sustain both predators and prey. This approach to integrated fish and wildlife management at MRSGS can serve as a model for other systems where current salmon escapement goals may not account for pre-spawning mortality. C1 [Peirce, Joshua M.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Otis, Edward O.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Follmann, Erich H.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Peirce, JM (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM joshua.peirce@alaska.gov FU ADFG (Division of Wildlife Conservation); GKW Foundation; National Park Service's National Natural Landmark Program; Wyoming Chapter of the Wildlife Society; Alaska Trappers Association; Clarence J. Rhode Scholarship; Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks; ADFG (Division of Commercial Fisheries) FX We thank ADFG (Divisions of Wildlife Conservation and Commercial Fisheries), the GKW Foundation, the National Park Service's National Natural Landmark Program, the Wyoming Chapter of the Wildlife Society, the Alaska Trappers Association, the Clarence J. Rhode Scholarship, and the Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks for financial support. The staff at MRSGS and Homer ADFG were essential in data collection and their support of this project. Thanks to K. Peirce, L. Aumiller, T. Griffin, P. Hessing, D. Hill, L. Hammarstrom, and M. Dickson for field assistance. We also thank J. Meehan, J. Hechtel, G. Hilderbrand, R. Seavoy, and R. Nowlin for administrative assistance. Thanks also to the staff within the University of Alaska Fairbanks Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, and the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for their assistance with this effort. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government or the State of Alaska. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 31 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2013 VL 24 IS 1 BP 42 EP 53 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 158ZB UT WOS:000320012700005 ER PT J AU Costello, CM Cain, SI Nielson, RM Servheen, C Schwartz, CC AF Costello, Cecily M. Cain, Steven I. Nielson, Ryan M. Servheen, Christopher Schwartz, Charles C. TI Response of American black bears to the non-motorized expansion of a road corridor in Grand Teton National Park SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE activity; bear-human interactions; bicycling; black bear; disturbance; habitat use; hiking; home range; movements; recreation; roads; trails; Ursus americanus ID HABITAT SELECTION; GRIZZLY BEARS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; HOME-RANGE; MOVEMENTS; MOUNTAINS; WILDLIFE; BEHAVIOR; METAANALYSIS AB In 2007, Grand Teton National Park authorized construction of several paved, non-motorized pathways situated within existing road corridors, primarily designed for pedestrian and bicycle use. Construction of the first 13-km section was completed during 2008. The pathway resulted in direct loss of wildlife habitat, new human activities, and a wider zone of human use. We examined how these changes affected American black bear (Ursus americanus) movements, habitat use, activity, corridor crossings, and visibility to human visitors. Thirty (12F, 18M) bears, fitted with global positioning system (GPS) radiocollars, were monitored during 1-3 study periods: pre-pathway (2001-07), construction (2008), and pathway (2009-10). During 2009-10, we deployed 6 trail counters to document human use of the pathway. Counts of humans ranged from 0 to 148 detections/counter/hour. Mean counts peaked during midsummer (15 Jun-30 Aug), and during midday (1100-1600 hrs). Bears did not shift their home ranges in response to human use of the pathway, nor did they reduce their frequency of corridor crossings. Instead, bears altered the way they used the areas near the corridor. Across the study periods, bears showed greater selection for steep slopes and for areas farther from the corridor, and they were increasingly likely to cross the corridor in areas providing vegetative cover. Near the corridor, bears decreased their activity by approximately 35% during midday and increased their activity by about 10% during morning and evening. Proportion of corridor crossings occurring at night also increased 20-40%. These behavioral changes allowed bears to continue using areas near the corridor while reducing encounter rates with humans on the pathway. However, the observed shift of activity toward morning, evening, and night may increase the likelihood that human-bear encounters would occur during the low light conditions of dawn and dusk and increase the probability of vehicle collisions. C1 [Costello, Cecily M.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Nielson, Ryan M.] Westem EcoSyst Technol, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Servheen, Christopher] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Schwartz, Charles C.] Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Costello, CM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM ccostello@bresnan.net FU Federal Highways Administration FX This research was supported by a Federal Highways Administration grant to the National Park Service. The authors thank M. Scott and S. Consolo-Murphy for their support of this work; L. Frattaroli, M. Neumann, C. Dickenson, J. Smith, K. Wilmot, S. Wolff, S. Dewey, and J. Stephenson for bear trapping and handling; M. Haroldson for trapping coordination, data management, and analytical support; J. Stephenson for collecting pathway use data; S. Podruzny, F. Hornsby, and K. Mellander for technical and analytical assistance; R. Shoemaker and K. Meinig Smith for administrative assistance; and A. Lyons, S. Simek, R. Harris, P. Ciucci, A. Ordiz, and an anonymous referee for reviewing and commenting on the manuscript. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 67 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2013 VL 24 IS 1 BP 54 EP 69 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 158ZB UT WOS:000320012700006 ER PT S AU Foreman, WT Gray, JL ReVello, RC Lindley, CE Losche, SA AF Foreman, William T. Gray, James L. ReVello, Rhiannon C. Lindley, Chris E. Losche, Scott A. BE Cobb, GP Smith, PN TI An Isotope-Dilution Standard GC/MS/MS Method for Steroid Hormones in Water SO EVALUATING VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL BEHAVIOR IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society on Evaluating Veterinary Pharmaceutical Behavior in the Environment CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ESTROGENIC HORMONES; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; TREATMENT PLANTS; FATHEAD MINNOW AB An isotope-dilution quantification method was developed for 20 natural and synthetic steroid hormones and additional compounds in filtered and unfiltered water. Deuterium- or carbon-13-labeled isotope-dilution standards (IDSs) are added to the water sample, which is passed through an octadecylsilyl solid-phase extraction (SPE) disk. Following extract cleanup using Florisil SPE, method compounds are converted to trimethylsilyl derivatives and analyzed by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Validation matrices included reagent water, wastewater-affected surface water, and primary (no biological treatment) and secondary wastewater effluent. Overall method recovery for all analytes in these matrices averaged 100%; with overall relative standard deviation of 28%. Mean recoveries of the 20 individual analytes for spiked reagent-water samples prepared along with field samples analyzed in 2009-2010 ranged from 84-104%, with relative standard deviations of 6-36%. Detection levels estimated using ASTM International's D6091-07 procedure range from 0.4 to 4 ng/L for 17 analytes. Higher censoring levels of 100 ng/L for bisphenol A and 200 ng/L for cholesterol and 3-beta-coprostanol are used to prevent bias and false positives associated with the presence of these analytes in blanks. Absolute method recoveries of the IDSs provide sample-specific performance information and guide data reporting. Careful selection of labeled compounds for use as IDSs is important because both inexact IDS-analyte matches and deuterium label loss affect an IDS's ability to emulate analyte performance. Six IDS compounds initially tested and applied in this method exhibited deuterium loss and are not used in the final method. C1 [Foreman, William T.; Gray, James L.; ReVello, Rhiannon C.; Lindley, Chris E.; Losche, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Foreman, WT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Box 25585, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wforeman@usgs.gov NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2701-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1126 BP 57 EP 136 PG 80 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFB33 UT WOS:000319083600005 ER PT J AU Valiela, I Giblin, A Barth-Jensen, C Harris, C Stone, T Fox, S Crusius, J AF Valiela, Ivan Giblin, Anne Barth-Jensen, Coralie Harris, Carolynn Stone, Thomas Fox, Sophia Crusius, John TI Nutrient gradients in Panamanian estuaries: effects of watershed deforestation, rainfall, upwelling, and within-estuary transformations SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Mangroves; Deforestation; La Nina; Upwelling; Estuaries; Denitrification; Regeneration; Ecosystem coupling ID SALT-MARSH ECOSYSTEM; ORGANIC-MATTER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN LIMITATION; TROPICAL FOREST; COASTAL WATERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CENTRAL AMAZON; LAND-USE; MANGROVE AB To test whether deforestation of tropical forests alters coupling of watersheds, estuaries, and coastal waters, we measured nutrients in 8 watershed-estuarine systems on the Pacific coast of Panama where watershed forest cover ranged from 23 to 92%. Watersheds with greater forest cover discharged larger dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations and higher N/P into estuary headwaters. As freshwater mixed with seawater down-estuary, within-estuary biogeochemical processes erased the imprint of watershed deforestation, increased ammonium, lowered nitrate concentrations, and otherwise altered down-estuary water column composition. As estuarine water left man grove estuaries, ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate, but not dissolved organic nitrogen, were exported to receiving near-shore waters. Mangrove estuaries in this region thus provide important ecological services, by uncoupling coastal waters from changes in terrestrial land covers, as well as by subsidizing adjoined receiving coastal waters by providing nutrients. The pattern of land-sea coupling and exports was disrupted during La Nina-influenced conditions. In one instance when La Nina conditions led to upwelling of deeper layers, high concentrations of marine-derived ammonium were inserted into estuaries. In another instance, La Nina-associated high rainfall diluted nutrient concentrations within estuaries and lowered salinity regionally, and the fresher upper layer impaired coastal upwelling. Regional rainfall has increased during the last decade. If La Nina rainfall continues to increase, disruptions of current land-estuary-sea couplings may become more frequent, with potentially significant changes in nutrient cycles and ecological services in these coupled ecosystems. C1 [Valiela, Ivan; Giblin, Anne; Barth-Jensen, Coralie; Harris, Carolynn] Ecosystems Ctr, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stone, Thomas] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Fox, Sophia] Natl Pk Serv, Wellfleet, MA 02667 USA. [Crusius, John] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Valiela, I (reprint author), Ecosystems Ctr, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ivaliela@mbl.edu OI Giblin, Anne/0000-0003-3851-2178 FU US NSF [BIO-0842413] FX This work was made possible by US NSF grant BIO-0842413. We would not have been able to carry out the fieldwork without the excellent resources of the Liquid Jungle Laboratory (LJL) built by J. Pigozzi, and we are much indebted to the LJL staff for providing excellent support and facilities for our work, and to many friends in the villages of Pixvae, Salmonete, and Bahia Honda for assistance in the field and looking after field recording equipment. We thank L. Madin and the Ocean Life Institute at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for initial support and throughout the work. The support of the Woods Hole Consortium was instrumental to facilitating work by our inter-institutional research team. S. Wilkins, S. Baldwin, J. Pascual, J. Brennan, K. Hernandez, R. Monteiro, J. Tucker, R. McHorney, S. Kelsey, N. Mueller, and J. Bissonette helped carry out the demanding field work involved in the project. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 61 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 482 BP 1 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10358 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 149QV UT WOS:000319337100001 ER PT J AU Ball, JL Calder, ES Hubbard, BE Bernstein, ML AF Ball, Jessica L. Calder, Eliza S. Hubbard, Bernard E. Bernstein, Marc L. TI An assessment of hydrothermal alteration in the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala: implications for dome collapse hazards SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrothermal alteration; Lava dome; Lava dome collapse; Remote sensing ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; MOUNT-RAINIER-VOLCANO; SANTA-MARIA VOLCANO; GUADELOUPE-VOLCANO; PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; CASITA-VOLCANO; UNZEN VOLCANO; ALTERED ROCKS; AVIRIS DATA; ST-HELENS AB A combination of field mapping, geochemistry, and remote sensing methods has been employed to determine the extent of hydrothermal alteration and assess the potential for failure at the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala. The 90-year-old complex of four lava domes has only experienced relatively small and infrequent dome collapses in the past, which were associated with lava extrusion. However, existing evidence of an active hydrothermal system coupled with intense seasonal precipitation also presents ideal conditions for instability related to weakened clay-rich edifice rocks. Mapping of the Santiaguito dome complex identified structural features related to dome growth dynamics, potential areas of weakness related to erosion, and locations of fumarole fields. X-ray diffraction and backscattered electron images taken with scanning electron microscopy of dacite and ash samples collected from around fumaroles revealed only minor clay films, and little evidence of alteration. Mineral mapping using ASTER and Hyperion satellite images, however, suggest low-temperature (< 150 degrees C) silicic alteration on erosional surfaces of the domes, but not the type of pervasive acid-sulfate alteration implicated in collapses of other altered edifices. To evaluate the possibility of internal alteration, we re-examined existing aqueous geochemical data from dome-fed hot springs. The data indicate significant water-rock interaction, but the Na-Mg-K geoindicator suggests only a short water residence time, and delta O-18/delta D ratios show only minor shifts from the meteoric water line with little precipitation of secondary (alteration) minerals. Based on available data, hydrothermal alteration on the dome complex appears to be restricted to surficial deposits of hydrous silica, but the study has highlighted, importantly, that the 1902 eruption crater headwall of Santa Maria does show more advanced argillic alteration. We also cannot rule out the possibility of advanced alteration within the dome complex interior that is not accessible to the methods used here. It may therefore be prudent to employ geophysical methods to make further assessments in the future. C1 [Ball, Jessica L.; Calder, Eliza S.; Bernstein, Marc L.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Hubbard, Bernard E.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Mineral Resources MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ball, JL (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM jlball@buffalo.edu OI Ball, Jessica/0000-0002-7837-8180 FU National Science Foundation under a Graduate Research Fellowship [1090871]; Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant; National Science Foundation [EAR0809543] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under a Graduate Research Fellowship under grant #1090871 and a Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant awarded to J. L. Ball, as well as National Science Foundation Grant #EAR0809543. The authors would also like to thank Rudiger Escobar Wolf for sharing his expertise and providing feedback on our geomorphologic map, and Gustavo Chigna and Julio Cornejo (INSIVUMEH / Santiaguito Volcano Observatory, OVSAN) for their support and input in the field. Dr. Ross Giese (University at Buffalo) provided analytical support for the XRD analyses, and Peter Bush donated time on the UB South Campus Instrumentation Center SEM. Finally, the authors wish to thank P. Delmelle, JC Komorowski, J. Mars (USGS), and an anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 95 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 75 IS 1 AR 676 DI 10.1007/s00445-012-0676-z PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 140SS UT WOS:000318676000001 ER PT J AU Archfield, SA Pugliese, A Castellarin, A Skoien, JO Kiang, JE AF Archfield, S. A. Pugliese, A. Castellarin, A. Skoien, J. O. Kiang, J. E. TI Topological and canonical kriging for design flood prediction in ungauged catchments: an improvement over a traditional regional regression approach? SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPACE-BASED INTERPOLATION; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; INDEXES; BASINS; PUB AB In the United States, estimation of flood frequency quantiles at ungauged locations has been largely based on regional regression techniques that relate measurable catchment descriptors to flood quantiles. More recently, spatial interpolation techniques of point data have been shown to be effective for predicting streamflow statistics (i.e., flood flows and low-flow indices) in ungauged catchments. Literature reports successful applications of two techniques, canonical kriging, CK (or physiographical-space-based interpolation, PSBI), and topological kriging, TK (or top-kriging). CK performs the spatial interpolation of the streamflow statistic of interest in the two-dimensional space of catchment descriptors. TK predicts the streamflow statistic along river networks taking both the catchment area and nested nature of catchments into account. It is of interest to understand how these spatial interpolation methods compare with generalized least squares (GLS) regression, one of the most common approaches to estimate flood quantiles at ungauged locations. By means of a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure, the performance of CK and TK was compared to GLS regression equations developed for the prediction of 10, 50, 100 and 500 yr floods for 61 streamgauges in the southeast United States. TK substantially outperforms GLS and CK for the study area, particularly for large catchments. The performance of TK over GLS highlights an important distinction between the treatments of spatial correlation when using regression-based or spatial interpolation methods to estimate flood quantiles at ungauged locations. The analysis also shows that coupling TK with CK slightly improves the performance of TK; however, the improvement is marginal when compared to the improvement in performance over GLS. C1 [Archfield, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA USA. [Pugliese, A.; Castellarin, A.] Univ Bologna, Sch Civil Engn, Dept DICAM, Bologna, Italy. [Skoien, J. O.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ispra, Italy. [Kiang, J. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Archfield, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA USA. EM sarch@usgs.gov RI Castellarin, Attilio/B-2508-2009; OI Castellarin, Attilio/0000-0002-6111-0612; Pugliese, Alessio/0000-0003-0403-0533 FU European Cooperation in Science and Technology - COST [ES0901]; US Geological Survey New England Water Science Center; Department of the Interior WaterSMART program FX Tony Gotvald, Toby Feaster, and Curtis Weaver, all from the USGS, provided electronic files of the flood frequency quantiles and upstream basin attributes calculated in their previous study and used for this study. They were gracious in their willingness to answer our questions about the data and their study findings. The authors also thank Edzer Pebesma, of the University of Muenster, Andrea Veilleux, of the US Geological Survey, and one anonymous reviewer for their reviews of the manuscript, which have greatly improved its clarity. Support for Stacey Archfield was provided by the US Geological Survey New England Water Science Center and the Department of the Interior WaterSMART program. The study has been partially supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology - COST, through Action ES0901: European procedures for FLOOD FREQency estimation, FLOODFREQ. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1575 EP 1588 DI 10.5194/hess-17-1575-2013 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 137MU UT WOS:000318440800023 ER PT J AU Kang, SR King, SL AF Kang, Sung-Ryong King, Sammy L. TI Effects of hydrologic connectivity on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in different marsh types SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coastal marsh; Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblage; Hydrologic connectivity; Functional feeding groups ID TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; STREAM MACROINVERTEBRATES; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SALT-MARSH; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS; FISH; SALINITY; INVERTEBRATES AB Hydrologic connectivity can be an important driver of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Its effects on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in coastal marshes, however, are relatively poorly studied. We evaluated the effects of lateral hydrologic connectivity (permanently connected ponds: PCPs; temporary connected ponds: TCPs), and other environmental variables on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages and functional feeding groups (FFGs) in freshwater, brackish, and saline marshes in Louisiana, USA. We hypothesized that (1) aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in PCPs would have higher assemblage metric values (density, biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity) than TCPs and (2) the density and proportional abundance of certain FFGs (i.e. scrapers, shredders, and collectors) would be greater in freshwater marsh than brackish and saline marshes. The data in our study only partially supported our first hypothesis: while freshwater marsh PCPs had higher density and biomass than TCPs, assemblage metric values in saline TCPs were greater than saline PCPs. In freshwater TCPs, long duration of isolation limited access of macroinvertebrates from adjacent water bodies, which may have reduced assemblage metric values. However, the relatively short duration of isolation in saline TCPs provided more stable or similar habitat conditions, facilitating higher assemblage metric values. As predicted by our second hypothesis, freshwater PCPs and TCPs supported a greater density of scrapers, shredders, and collectors than brackish and saline ponds. Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages seem to be structured by individual taxa responses to salinity as well as pond habitat attributes. C1 [Kang, Sung-Ryong] LSU AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy L.] LSU AgCtr, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Kang, SR (reprint author), LSU AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM skang1@tigers.lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and US Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife; International Crane Foundation FX This project was supported by a Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and US Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant with support also from the International Crane Foundation. We thank M. La Peyre, J.A. Nyman, R. Keim, and A. Rutherford for their critical insights. The authors acknowledge the field and laboratory contributions of J. Linscombe, R. Cormier, M. Huber, and A. Williamson. In addition, we extend gratitude to M. Kaller for statistical and technical assistance. We appreciate the comments of 5 anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions improved this manuscript. Collections were made under Louisiana State University AgCenter Animal Care and Use protocol (#AE2008-012). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 EI 1864-7782 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.3354/ab00499 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 137KC UT WOS:000318433500005 ER PT J AU Wieser, ME Holden, N Coplen, TB Bohlke, JK Berglund, M Brand, WA De Bievre, P Groning, M Loss, RD Meija, J Hirata, T Prohaska, T Schoenberg, R O'Connor, G Walczyk, T Yoneda, S Zhu, XK AF Wieser, Michael E. Holden, Norman Coplen, Tyler B. Boehlke, John K. Berglund, Michael Brand, Willi A. De Bievre, Paul Groening, Manfred Loss, Robert D. Meija, Juris Hirata, Takafumi Prohaska, Thomas Schoenberg, Ronny O'Connor, Glenda Walczyk, Thomas Yoneda, Shige Zhu, Xiang-Kun TI Atomic weights of the elements 2011 (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atomic-weight intervals; atomic-weight ranges; bromine; conventional atomic-weight values; germanium; half-lives; indium; IUPAC Inorganic Chemistry Division; magnesium; mercury; standard atomic weights ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MAGNESIUM; RATIOS; REFERENCES; GRAPHS; TABLES AB The biennial review of atomic-weight determinations and other cognate data has resulted in changes for the standard atomic weights of five elements. The atomic weight of bromine has changed from 79.904(1) to the interval [79.901, 79.907], germanium from 72.63(1) to 72.630(8), indium from 114.818(3) to 114.818(1), magnesium from 24.3050(6) to the interval [24.304, 24.307], and mercury from 200.59(2) to 200.592(3). For bromine and magnesium, assignment of intervals for the new standard atomic weights reflects the common occurrence of variations in the atomic weights of those elements in normal terrestrial materials. C1 [Wieser, Michael E.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Holden, Norman] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Coplen, Tyler B.; Boehlke, John K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Berglund, Michael] Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Brand, Willi A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Groening, Manfred] IAEA, Seibersdorf, Austria. [Loss, Robert D.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Perth, WA, Australia. [Meija, Juris] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Hirata, Takafumi] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Prohaska, Thomas] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Dept Chem, Vienna, Austria. [Schoenberg, Ronny] Univ Tubingen, Inst Geosci, Tubingen, Germany. [O'Connor, Glenda] New Brunswick Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Walczyk, Thomas] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem Sci, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Walczyk, Thomas] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biochem Med, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Yoneda, Shige] Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Zhu, Xiang-Kun] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wieser, ME (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM mwieser@ucalgary.ca RI Brand, Willi/D-2043-2009; OI Meija, Juris/0000-0002-3349-5535 FU IUPAC Inorganic Chemistry Division, Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; IUPAC projects [2007-029-1-200, 2007-028-1-200, 2007-038-3-200, 2009-025-2-200, 2009-029-1-200] FX Sponsoring body: IUPAC Inorganic Chemistry Division, Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights: see more details on p. 1076.; The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. The following IUPAC projects contributed to this Technical Report: 2007-029-1-200, 2007-028-1-200, 2007-038-3-200, 2009-025-2-200, and 2009-029-1-200. NR 51 TC 157 Z9 157 U1 8 U2 68 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2013 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1078 DI 10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02 PG 32 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 137AY UT WOS:000318408300009 ER PT J AU Chandler, MA Sohl, LE Jonas, JA Dowsett, HJ Kelley, M AF Chandler, M. A. Sohl, L. E. Jonas, J. A. Dowsett, H. J. Kelley, M. TI Simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period using two versions of the NASA/GISS ModelE2-R Coupled Model SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; PLIOMIP EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECONSTRUCTION; TEMPERATURES; TRANSPORTS; EVOLUTION; GCM AB The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP) bears many similarities to aspects of future global warming as projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007). Both marine and terrestrial data point to high-latitude temperature amplification, including large decreases in sea ice and land ice, as well as expansion of warmer climate biomes into higher latitudes. Here we present our most recent simulations of the mid-Pliocene climate using the CMIP5 version of the NASA/GISS Earth System Model (ModelE2-R). We describe the substantial impact associated with a recent correction made in the implementation of the Gent-McWilliams ocean mixing scheme (GM), which has a large effect on the simulation of ocean surface temperatures, particularly in the North Atlantic Ocean. The effect of this correction on the Pliocene climate results would not have been easily determined from examining its impact on the preindustrial runs alone, a useful demonstration of how the consequences of code improvements as seen in modern climate control runs do not necessarily portend the impacts in extreme climates. Both the GM-corrected and GM-uncorrected simulations were contributed to the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Experiment 2. Many findings presented here corroborate results from other PlioMIP multi-model ensemble papers, but we also emphasise features in the ModelE2-R simulations that are unlike the ensemble means. The corrected version yields results that more closely resemble the ocean core data as well as the PRISM3D reconstructions of the mid-Pliocene, especially the dramatic warming in the North Atlantic and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea, which in the new simulation appears to be far more realistic than previously found with older versions of the GISS model. Our belief is that continued development of key physical routines in the atmospheric model, along with higher resolution and recent corrections to mixing parameterisations in the ocean model, have led to an Earth System Model that will produce more accurate projections of future climate. C1 [Chandler, M. A.; Sohl, L. E.; Jonas, J. A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chandler, M. A.; Sohl, L. E.; Jonas, J. A.; Kelley, M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Dowsett, H. J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Kelley, M.] Trinnovim LLC, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Chandler, MA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM mac59@columbia.edu FU NASA High-End Computing (NEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; National Science Foundation Paleoclimate Program [ATM-0214400]; US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change RD Program; U.S.G.S. Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis FX The authors acknowledge the support of the NASA High-End Computing (NEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; MAC acknowledges the National Science Foundation Paleoclimate Program Grant No. ATM-0214400; HJD acknowledges the support of the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change R&D Program; HJD and MAC thank the U.S.G.S. Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis for supporting the PlioMIP initiative. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 517 EP 531 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-517-2013 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 137LY UT WOS:000318438600016 ER PT J AU Lapenis, AG Lawrence, GB Heim, A Zheng, CY Shortle, W AF Lapenis, Andrei G. Lawrence, Gregory B. Heim, Alexander Zheng, Chengyang Shortle, Walter TI Climate warming shifts carbon allocation from stemwood to roots in calcium-depleted spruce forests SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE-GROWTH; NORWAY SPRUCE; BUD BURST; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; ACCUMULATION; DEPOSITION; LATITUDES; RESPONSES AB Increased greening of northern forests, measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), has been presented as evidence that a warmer climate has increased both net primary productivity (NPP) and the carbon sink in boreal forests. However, higher production and greener canopies may accompany changes in carbon allocation that favor foliage or fine roots over less decomposable woody biomass. Furthermore, tree core data throughout mid- and northern latitudes have revealed a divergence problem (DP), a weakening in tree ring responses to warming over the past half century that is receiving increasing attention, but remains poorly understood. Often, the same sites exhibit trend inconsistency phenomenon (TIP), namely positive, or no trends in growing season NDVI where negative trends in tree ring indexes are observed. Here we studied growth of two Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in western Russia that exhibited both the DP and TIP but were subject to soil acidification and calcium depletion of differing timing and severity. Our results link the decline in radial growth starting in 1980 to a shift in carbon allocation from wood to roots driven by a combination of two factors: (a) soil acidification that depleted calcium and impaired root function and (b) earlier onset of the growing season that further taxed the root system. The latter change in phenology appears to act as a trigger at both sites to push trees into nutrient limitation as the demand for Ca increased with the longer growing season, thereby causing the shift in carbon allocation. C1 [Lapenis, Andrei G.] SUNY Albany, Dept Geog, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] USGS, New York Water Sci Res Ctr, Troy, NY USA. [Heim, Alexander] Klaus Buchel Environm Consulting, Zurich, Switzerland. [Heim, Alexander] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Zheng, Chengyang] Peking Univ, Dept Geog, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Shortle, Walter] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. RP Lapenis, AG (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Geog, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM reil@albany.edu NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1029/2011GB004268 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 135GB UT WOS:000318275300010 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB DeKoning, JJ Brunelli, JP Faber-Hammond, JJ Hansen, JD Christensen, KA Renn, SCP Thorgaard, GH AF Phillips, Ruth B. DeKoning, Jenefer J. Brunelli, Joseph P. Faber-Hammond, Joshua J. Hansen, John D. Christensen, Kris A. Renn, Suzy C. P. Thorgaard, Gary H. TI Characterization of the OmyY1 Region on the Rainbow Trout Y Chromosome SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHINOOK SALMON; SEX-CHROMOSOMES; PACIFIC SALMON; LINKAGE MAP; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; MYKISS; PAIR; PSI AB We characterized the male-specific region on the Y chromosome of rainbow trout, which contains both sdY (the sex-determining gene) and the male-specific genetic marker, OmyY1. Several clones containing the OmyY1 marker were screened from a BAC library from a YY clonal line and found to be part of an 800 kb BAC contig. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), these clones were localized to the end of the short arm of the Y chromosome in rainbow trout, with an additional signal on the end of the X chromosome in many cells. We sequenced a minimum tiling path of these clones using Illumina and 454 pyrosequencing. The region is rich in transposons and rDNA, but also appears to contain several single-copy protein-coding genes. Most of these genes are also found on the X chromosome; and in several cases sex-specific SNPs in these genes were identified between the male (YY) and female (XX) homozygous clonal lines. Additional genes were identified by hybridization of the BACs to the cGRASP salmonid 4x44K oligo microarray. By BLASTn evaluations using hypothetical transcripts of OmyY1-linked candidate genes as query against several EST databases, we conclude at least 12 of these candidate genes are likely functional, and expressed. C1 [Phillips, Ruth B.; DeKoning, Jenefer J.; Faber-Hammond, Joshua J.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Phillips, Ruth B.; Brunelli, Joseph P.; Christensen, Kris A.; Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brunelli, Joseph P.; Christensen, Kris A.; Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Renn, Suzy C. P.] Reed Coll, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97202 USA. RP Phillips, RB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, 14204 NE,Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM phillipsr@vancouver.wsu.edu OI Christensen, Kristen/0000-0003-0021-0326 FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-35205-05067] FX This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2009-35205-05067 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The following individuals from Amplicon express worked on the sequencing: Evan Hart, Amy Mraz, Keith Stormo, Jason Dobry, and Travis Ruff. The authors would also like to thank Michael R. Miller for providing the rainbow trout draft genome assembly which greatly improved our analysis. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2314-436X J9 INT J GENOMICS JI Int. J. Genomics PY 2013 AR 261730 DI 10.1155/2013/261730 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 135EW UT WOS:000318271700001 ER PT J AU Sukop, MC Huang, HB Alvarez, PF Variano, EA Cunningham, KJ AF Sukop, Michael C. Huang, Haibo Alvarez, Pedro F. Variano, Evan A. Cunningham, Kevin J. TI Evaluation of permeability and non-Darcy flow in vuggy macroporous limestone aquifer samples with lattice Boltzmann methods SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; PORE STRUCTURE; FLUID-FLOW; MODEL; SIMULATION AB Lattice Boltzmann flow simulations provide a physics-based means of estimating intrinsic permeability from pore structure and accounting for inertial flow that leads to departures from Darcy's law. Simulations were used to compute intrinsic permeability where standard measurement methods may fail and to provide better understanding of departures from Darcy's law under field conditions. Simulations also investigated resolution issues. Computed tomography (CT) images were acquired at 0.8 mm interscan spacing for seven samples characterized by centimeter-scale biogenic vuggy macroporosity from the extremely transmissive sole-source carbonate karst Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. Samples were as large as 0.3 m in length; 7-9 cm-scale-length subsamples were used for lattice Boltzmann computations. Macroporosity of the subsamples was as high as 81%. Matrix porosity was ignored in the simulations. Non-Darcy behavior led to a twofold reduction in apparent hydraulic conductivity as an applied hydraulic gradient increased to levels observed at regional scale within the Biscayne aquifer; larger reductions are expected under higher gradients near wells and canals. Thus, inertial flows and departures from Darcy's law may occur under field conditions. Changes in apparent hydraulic conductivity with changes in head gradient computed with the lattice Boltzmann model closely fit the Darcy-Forchheimer equation allowing estimation of the Forchheimer parameter. CT-scan resolution appeared adequate to capture intrinsic permeability; however, departures from Darcy behavior were less detectable as resolution coarsened. Citation: Sukop, M. C., H. Huang, P. F. Alvarez, E. A. Variano, and K. J. Cunningham (2013), Evaluation of permeability and non-Darcy flow in vuggy macroporous limestone aquifer samples with lattice Boltzmann methods, Water Resour. Res., 49, doi:10.1029/2011WR011788. C1 [Sukop, Michael C.; Alvarez, Pedro F.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Huang, Haibo] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Mech, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Variano, Evan A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cunningham, Kevin J.] US Geol Survey, Carbonate Aquifer Characterizat Lab, Davie, FL USA. RP Sukop, MC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM sukopm@fiu.edu RI Huang, Haibo/G-3892-2010; OI Sukop, Michael/0000-0002-2142-6292; Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686 FU Priority Ecosystems Science (U.S. Geological Survey) program; Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (Everglades National Park) program FX The Priority Ecosystems Science (U.S. Geological Survey) and Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (Everglades National Park) programs provided major project funding. Kateryna Ananyeva assisted with the simulations in Figure 5. Early reviews by Joe Hughes, Barclay Shoemaker, and Dorothy Payne and subsequent reviews by three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 216 EP 230 DI 10.1029/2011WR011788 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 129GR UT WOS:000317827600019 ER PT J AU Foglia, L Mehl, SW Hill, MC Burlando, P AF Foglia, L. Mehl, S. W. Hill, M. C. Burlando, P. TI Evaluating model structure adequacy: The case of the Maggia Valley groundwater system, southern Switzerland SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED FRACTURED TUFF; UNCERTAINTY; TRANSPORT; FLOW; ERROR; PREDICTIONS; INFERENCE; SELECTION AB Model adequacy is evaluated with alternative models rated using model selection criteria (AICc, BIC, and KIC) and three other statistics. Model selection criteria are tested with cross-validation experiments and insights for using alternative models to evaluate model structural adequacy are provided. The study is conducted using the computer codes UCODE_2005 and MMA (MultiModel Analysis). One recharge alternative is simulated using the TOPKAPI hydrological model. The predictions evaluated include eight heads and three flows located where ecological consequences and model precision are of concern. Cross-validation is used to obtain measures of prediction accuracy. Sixty-four models were designed deterministically and differ in representation of river, recharge, bedrock topography, and hydraulic conductivity. Results include: (1) What may seem like inconsequential choices in model construction may be important to predictions. Analysis of predictions from alternative models is advised. (2) None of the model selection criteria consistently identified models with more accurate predictions. This is a disturbing result that suggests to reconsider the utility of model selection criteria, and/or the cross-validation measures used in this work to measure model accuracy. (3) KIC displayed poor performance for the present regression problems; theoretical considerations suggest that difficulties are associated with wide variations in the sensitivity term of KIC resulting from the models being nonlinear and the problems being ill-posed due to parameter correlations and insensitivity. The other criteria performed somewhat better, and similarly to each other. (4) Quantities with high leverage are more difficult to predict. The results are expected to be generally applicable to models of environmental systems. Citation: Foglia, L., S. W. Mehl, M. C. Hill, and P. Burlando (2013), Evaluating model structure adequacy: The case of the Maggia Valley groundwater system, southern Switzerland, Water Resour. Res., 49, doi:10.1029/2011WR011779. C1 [Foglia, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Land Air & Water Resources Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mehl, S. W.; Hill, M. C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Mehl, S. W.] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Civil Engn, Chico, CA 95929 USA. [Burlando, P.] ETH, IfU, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Foglia, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Land Air & Water Resources Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lfoglia@ucdavis.edu RI Foglia, Laura/D-9526-2014 NR 73 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 260 EP 282 DI 10.1029/2011WR011779 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 129GR UT WOS:000317827600022 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Langley, JA Guntenspergen, GR Megonigal, JP AF Kirwan, M. L. Langley, J. A. Guntenspergen, G. R. Megonigal, J. P. TI The impact of sea-level rise on organic matter decay rates in Chesapeake Bay brackish tidal marshes SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; VERTICAL ACCRETION; PEAT DECOMPOSITION; COASTAL MARSHES; WETLAND; ACCUMULATION; RESPONSES; TRENDS; FRESH AB The balance between organic matter production and decay determines how fast coastal wetlands accumulate soil organic matter. Despite the importance of soil organic matter accumulation rates in influencing marsh elevation and resistance to sea-level rise, relatively little is known about how decomposition rates will respond to sea-level rise. Here, we estimate the sensitivity of decomposition to flooding by measuring rates of decay in 87 bags filled with milled sedge peat, including soil organic matter, roots and rhizomes. Experiments were located in field-based mesocosms along 3 mesohaline tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Mesocosm elevations were manipulated to influence the duration of tidal inundation. Although we found no significant influence of inundation on decay rate when bags from all study sites were analyzed together, decay rates at two of the sites increased with greater flooding. These findings suggest that flooding may enhance organic matter decay rates even in water-logged soils, but that the overall influence of flooding is minor. Our experiments suggest that sea-level rise will not accelerate rates of peat accumulation by slowing the rate of soil organic matter decay. Consequently, marshes will require enhanced organic matter productivity or mineral sediment deposition to survive accelerating sea-level rise. C1 [Kirwan, M. L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Langley, J. A.] Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Guntenspergen, G. R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Megonigal, J. P.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM mlk4n@virginia.edu FU USGS Global Change Research Program FX This work was supported by the USGS Global Change Research Program. We appreciate the efforts of R. Kyle Derby and Patrick Brennand in conducting field work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 10 U2 92 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1869 EP 1876 DI 10.5194/bg-10-1869-2013 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 118FV UT WOS:000317010600041 ER PT J AU Barr, JG Engel, V Fuentes, JD Fuller, DO Kwon, H AF Barr, J. G. Engel, V. Fuentes, J. D. Fuller, D. O. Kwon, H. TI Modeling light use efficiency in a subtropical mangrove forest equipped with CO2 eddy covariance SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOIL RESPIRATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBON; ECOSYSTEM; PRODUCTIVITY; FLUX; EXCHANGE; FLORIDA; GROWTH AB Despite the importance of mangrove ecosystems in the global carbon budget, the relationships between environmental drivers and carbon dynamics in these forests remain poorly understood. This limited understanding is partly a result of the challenges associated with in situ flux studies. Tower-based CO2 eddy covariance (EC) systems are installed in only a few mangrove forests worldwide, and the longest EC record from the Florida Everglades contains less than 9 years of observations. A primary goal of the present study was to develop a methodology to estimate canopy-scale photosynthetic light use efficiency in this forest. These tower-based observations represent a basis for associating CO2 fluxes with canopy light use properties, and thus provide the means for utilizing satellite-based reflectance data for larger scale investigations. We present a model for mangrove canopy light use efficiency utilizing the enhanced green vegetation index (EVI) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) that is capable of predicting changes in mangrove forest CO2 fluxes caused by a hurricane disturbance and changes in regional environmental conditions, including temperature and salinity. Model parameters are solved for in a Bayesian framework. The model structure requires estimates of ecosystem respiration (RE), and we present the first ever tower-based estimates of mangrove forest RE derived from nighttime CO2 fluxes. Our investigation is also the first to show the effects of salinity on mangrove forest CO2 uptake, which declines 5% per each 10 parts per thousand (ppt) increase in salinity. Light use efficiency in this forest declines with increasing daily photosynthetic active radiation, which is an important departure from the assumption of constant light use efficiency typically applied in satellite-driven models. The model developed here provides a framework for estimating CO2 uptake by these forests from reflectance data and information about environmental conditions. C1 [Barr, J. G.] South Florida Nat Resource Ctr, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Engel, V.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Fuentes, J. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fuller, D. O.] Univ Miami, Dept Geog & Reg Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Kwon, H.] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Jeonju, South Korea. RP Barr, JG (reprint author), South Florida Nat Resource Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. EM jordan_barr@nps.gov OI Kwon, Hyun-Han/0000-0003-4465-2708 FU DOE [DE-FC02-06ER64298]; National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program [DBI-0620409]; NASA [NNX08BA43A] FX The authors thank L. Hutley and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments to improve the quality of the manuscript. J. D. F. and V. E. acknowledge support from the DOE (grant DE-FC02-06ER64298) to participate in this research. This research is also based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under grant number DBI-0620409. D. F. received support from NASA (Cooperative Agreement No. NNX08BA43A, WaterSCAPES: Science of Coupled Aquatic Processes in Ecosystems from Space). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 BP 2145 EP 2158 DI 10.5194/bg-10-2145-2013 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 118FV UT WOS:000317010600057 ER PT J AU Archfield, SA Steeves, PA Guthrie, JD Ries, KG AF Archfield, S. A. Steeves, P. A. Guthrie, J. D. Ries, K. G., III TI Towards a publicly available, map-based regional software tool to estimate unregulated daily streamflow at ungauged rivers SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID FLOW-DURATION CURVES; CATCHMENT MODEL PARAMETERS; TIME-SERIES; PREDICTIONS; BASINS; RUNOFF AB Streamflow information is critical for addressing any number of hydrologic problems. Often, streamflow information is needed at locations that are ungauged and, therefore, have no observations on which to base water management decisions. Furthermore, there has been increasing need for daily streamflow time series to manage rivers for both human and ecological functions. To facilitate negotiation between human and ecological demands for water, this paper presents the first publicly available, map-based, regional software tool to estimate historical, unregulated, daily streamflow time series (streamflow not affected by human alteration such as dams or water withdrawals) at any user-selected ungauged river location. The map interface allows users to locate and click on a river location, which then links to a spreadsheet-based program that computes estimates of daily streamflow for the river location selected. For a demonstration region in the northeast United States, daily streamflow was, in general, shown to be reliably estimated by the software tool. Estimating the highest and lowest streamflows that occurred in the demonstration region over the period from 1960 through 2004 also was accomplished but with more difficulty and limitations. The software tool provides a general framework that can be applied to other regions for which daily streamflow estimates are needed. C1 [Archfield, S. A.; Steeves, P. A.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Guthrie, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ries, K. G., III] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Archfield, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM sarch@usgs.gov FU New England Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Northeast Regional Conservation [2007-06]; Nature Conservancy FX The authors would like to acknowledge Kimberly Lutz and Colin Apse of The Nature Conservancy, Richard Palmer, Casey Brown and Scott Steinschneider of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Austin Polebitski of the University of Wisconsin, Platteville, and Christopher Hatfield, Woodrow Fields, and John Hickey of the US Army Corps of Engineers, for their technical input. The authors would like to also acknowledge John Magee of the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, who provided valuable review comments on the software tool, Tomas Smieszek of the US Geological Survey for his help with the software website, Jamie Kendall and Melissa Weil for their help in assembling and preparing the data for the CRUISE tool, and Scott Olsen of the US Geological Survey, who provided a list of gauges on streams not affected by dams or water withdrawals streamgauges located in northern portion of the CRB. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers and David Bjerklie of the US Geological Survey whose comments improved the manuscript substantially. This work was made possible by the New England Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Northeast Regional Conservation Needs Grant number 2007-06 and The Nature Conservancy. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-101-2013 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118FI UT WOS:000317008500007 ER PT J AU Lyons, JJ Ichihara, M Kurokawa, A Lees, JM AF Lyons, John J. Ichihara, Mie Kurokawa, Aika Lees, Jonathan M. TI Switching between seismic and seismo-acoustic harmonic tremor simulated in the laboratory: Insights into the role of open degassing channels and magma viscosity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ARENAL VOLCANO; COSTA-RICA; ERUPTIVE ACTIVITY; LAVA DOME; FLOW; EXPLOSIONS; EXTRUSION; DYNAMICS; KARYMSKY; RUSSIA AB Switching between seismic-only harmonic tremor (SHT) and seismo-acoustic harmonic tremor (SAHT) has been reported at few volcanoes worldwide, but its occurrence may indicate important changes in shallow conduit conditions. Switching was simulated in a laboratory experiment in which harmonic signals were produced with a flow-driven valve and compressed air. The harmonic signals were passed through a tank of shear-thinning viscoelastic fluid, and the resulting signals were recorded. At high fluid stiffness, a stable, open conduit was produced, and the harmonic signals generated within the experimental apparatus were efficiently transmitted into the atmosphere. At lower fluid stiffness, bubbling dominated the activity, stable pathways were not generated in the fluid, and HT was not recorded in the atmosphere. These results are compared to observations of switching at Fuego volcano, Guatemala. We conclude that at intermediate magma viscosities, the development of stable degassing pathways open to the atmosphere will allow HT generated in the conduit to be transmitted into the atmosphere. Further, subtle changes in magma properties and supply rate may control whether SHT or SAHT is recorded, providing information about the state of the shallow conduit and vent at active volcanoes. Citation: Lyons J. J., M. Ichihara, A. Kurokawa, and J. M. Lees (2013), Switching between seismic and seismo-acoustic harmonic tremor simulated in the laboratory: Insights into the role of open degassing channels and magma viscosity, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 277-289, doi: 10.1002/jgrb.50067. C1 [Lyons, John J.; Ichihara, Mie; Kurokawa, Aika] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Lees, Jonathan M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Lyons, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jlyons@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation Office of International Science; Engineering East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes Program; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX The authors would like to thank the National Science Foundation Office of International Science and Engineering East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes Program and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for supporting the experimental work and travel expenses. Thanks to Minoru Takeo for support of JJL's field and laboratory work while in Japan, as well as discussions that improved the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge field support at Fuego volcano from Edgar Barrios, Kyle Brill, Chris Brown, Amilcar Calderas, Gustavo Chigna, Mari Dalton, Jemile Erdem, Tricia Nadeau, Josh Richardson, Jesse Silverman, and INSIVUMEH. Thanks to Greg Waite for stimulating discussions about Fuego's tremor. Thoughtful reviews by the Associate Editor Micol Todesco and two anonymous reviewers helped to significantly improve the paper. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50067 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129NZ UT WOS:000317849200020 ER PT J AU Hodgkinson, K Langbein, J Henderson, B Mencin, D Borsa, A AF Hodgkinson, Kathleen Langbein, John Henderson, Brent Mencin, Dave Borsa, Adrian TI Tidal calibration of plate boundary observatory borehole strainmeters SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article AB The Plate Boundary Observatory, the geodetic component of the EarthScope program, includes 74 borehole strainmeters installed in the western United States and on Vancouver Island, Canada. In this study, we calibrate 45 of the instruments by comparing the observed M-2 and O-1 Earth tides with those predicted using Earth tide models. For each strainmeter, we invert for a coupling matrix that relates the gauge measurements to the regional strain field assuming only that the measured strains are linear combinations of the regional areal and shear strains. We compare these matrices to those found when constraints are imposed which require the coupling coefficients to lie within expected ranges for this strainmeter design. Similar unconstrained and constrained coupling matrices suggest the instrument is functioning as expected as no other coupling matrix can be found that better reduces the misfit between observed and predicted tides when the inversion is unconstrained. Differences imply a coupling matrix with coefficients outside typical ranges gives a better fit between the observed and predicted tides. We find that 22 of the strainmeters examined have coupling matrices for which there is little difference between the constrained and unconstrained inversions. If we allow a greater divergence in the shear coupling coefficients and consider the possibility that one gauge may not function as expected, the discrepancies between the unconstrained and constrained coupling matrices are resolved for a subset of the remaining strainmeters. Our results also indicate that most of the strainmeters are less sensitive to areal strain than expected from theory. Citation: Hodgkinson, K., J. Langbein, B. Henderson, D. Mencin, and A. Borsa (2013), Tidal calibration of plate boundary observatory borehole strainmeters, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 447-458, doi:10.1029/2012JB009651. C1 [Hodgkinson, Kathleen; Henderson, Brent; Mencin, Dave; Borsa, Adrian] UNAVCO, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Langbein, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Hodgkinson, K (reprint author), UNAVCO, 6350 Nautilus Dr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM hodgkinson@unavco.org OI Mencin, David/0000-0001-9984-6724 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0350028, EAR-0732947] FX We would like to acknowledge the work of Mike Gottlieb, Warren Gallaher, Wade Johnson, Chad Pyatt and Liz Van Boskirk, the team of Borehole Strainmeter Engineers at UNAVCO who ensure the collection of a high-quality strain data set. We thank John Beavan, Evelyn Roeloffs, Karen Luttrell and an anonymous reviewer for helpful reviews. This material is based on data and engineering services provided by the Plate Boundary Observatory operated by UNAVCO for EarthScope (www.earthscope.org) and supported by the National Science Foundation (no. EAR-0350028 and EAR-0732947). NR 23 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1029/2012JB009651 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129NZ UT WOS:000317849200031 ER PT J AU Maier, KL Fildani, A McHargue, T Paull, CK Graham, SA Caress, DW AF Maier, Katherine L. Fildani, Andrea McHargue, Timothy Paull, Charles K. Graham, Stephan A. Caress, David W. TI PUNCTUATED DEEP-WATER CHANNEL MIGRATION: HIGH-RESOLUTION SUBSURFACE DATA FROM THE LUCIA CHICA CHANNEL SYSTEM, OFFSHORE CALIFORNIA, USA-REPLY SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUBMARINE-FAN CHANNELS; SEDIMENTARY ARCHITECTURE; SEISMIC GEOMORPHOLOGY; LATERAL ACCRETION; SINUOUS CHANNELS; ZAIANGO PROJECT; WEST-AFRICA; CANYON; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION C1 [Maier, Katherine L.; McHargue, Timothy; Graham, Stephan A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Fildani, Andrea] Chevron Energy Technol Co, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. [Paull, Charles K.; Caress, David W.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Maier, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 EI 1938-3681 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.2110/jsr.2013.6 PG 3 WC Geology SC Geology GA 127MN UT WOS:000317703200006 ER PT J AU Zhou, RJ Schoenbohm, LM Cosca, M AF Zhou, Renjie Schoenbohm, Lindsay M. Cosca, Michael TI Recent, slow normal and strike-slip faulting in the Pasto Ventura region of the southern Puna Plateau, NW Argentina SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ANDEAN PLATEAU; EAST-WEST EXTENSION; NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA; TIBETAN PLATEAU; INTRACONTINENTAL DEFORMATION; MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; VOLCANIC COMPLEX; MAFIC VOLCANISM; NAZCA FARALLON AB Recent normal and strike-slip faulting on the Puna Plateau of NW Argentina has been linked to lithospheric foundering, gravitational spreading, plate boundary forces and a decrease in crustal shortening from north to south. However, the timing, kinematics and rate of extension remain poorly constrained. We focus on the Pasto Ventura region (NW Argentina) located on the southern Puna Plateau and recent deformation (<1 Ma). Field mapping and kinematic analysis across offset volcanic cinder cones show that the overall extension direction is subhorizontal, is oriented NE-SW to NNE-SSW, and occurs at a slow, time-integrated rate of 0.02 to 0.08 mm/yr since at least 0.8-0.5 Ma. A regional compilation from this study and existing data shows that recent extension across the Puna Plateau is subhorizontal but varies in azimuthal orientation dramatically. Data from the Pasto Ventura region are consistent with a number of models to explain normal and strike-slip faulting on the Puna Plateau, all of which likely influence the region. Some role for lower lithospheric foundering through dripping appears to be seen based on the regional extension directions and ages of mafic volcanism in the southern Puna Plateau. Citation: Zhou R., L. M. Schoenbohm, and M. Cosca (2013) Recent, slow normal and strike-slip faulting in the Pasto Ventura region of the southern Puna Plateau, NW Argentina, Tectonics, 32, 19-33, doi:10.1029/2012TC003189. C1 [Zhou, Renjie; Schoenbohm, Lindsay M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Zhou, Renjie; Schoenbohm, Lindsay M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [Cosca, Michael] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Zhou, RJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, 22 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. EM zhou@es.utoronto.ca OI Schoenbohm, Lindsay/0000-0001-7898-356X; Zhou, Renjie/0000-0001-7232-8820 FU NSERC FX This work is funded by an NSERC-Discovery grant to L. S. We thank F. Zambrano and S. Cavolo for assistance in the field and J. Dortch, R. Pysklywec and P.-Y. Robin for useful discussions. The constructive and critical reviews from U. Riller and an anonymous reviewer have fundamentally improved this manuscript. NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 19 EP 33 DI 10.1029/2012TC003189 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129IA UT WOS:000317831300002 ER PT J AU Dettinger, MD Ingram, BL AF Dettinger, Michael D. Ingram, B. Lynn TI THE COMING MEGAFLOODS SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA C1 [Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ingram, B. Lynn] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dettinger, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 308 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1038/scientificamerican0113-64 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 119OD UT WOS:000317106200039 PM 23342454 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI The awakening SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 3 EP 20 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000002 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Too Hot to Touch The Problem of High-Level Nuclear Waste Introduction SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP XIII EP + PG 27 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000001 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Brainstorming SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000003 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI The ocean as a dumping ground SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 29 EP 45 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000004 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Radioactivity and atomic energy SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 46 EP 59 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000005 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI The Cold War legacy SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 60 EP 83 PG 24 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000006 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI The peaceful atom and its wastes SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 84 EP 92 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000007 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Recycling SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 93 EP 111 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000008 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Dry cask storage SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 112 EP 121 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000009 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Interim storage SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 122 EP 130 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000010 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI A can of worms SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 131 EP 151 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000011 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI WIPP SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 152 EP 169 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000012 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI The search for a geologic repository SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 173 EP 191 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000013 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Nevada wins the lottery SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 192 EP 203 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000014 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI The Nevada Test Site SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 204 EP 216 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000015 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Yucca Mountain SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 217 EP 232 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000016 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI How long is long? SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 233 EP 250 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000017 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Leaving almost no stone unturned SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 251 EP 271 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000018 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Surprise SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 272 EP 286 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000019 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Shake & bake SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 287 EP 296 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000020 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI The project gets into hot water SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 297 EP 306 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000021 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI A new President, new policies SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 309 EP 320 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000022 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Alley, R AF Alley, William M. Alley, Rosemarie BA Alley, WM Alley, R BF Alley, WM Alley, R TI Nuclear waste and our energy future SO TOO HOT TO TOUCH: THE PROBLEM OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alley, William M.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03011-4 PY 2013 BP 321 EP 329 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; History & Philosophy Of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History & Philosophy of Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000316937000023 ER PT J AU Lubcke, P Bobrowski, N Illing, S Kern, C Nieves, JMA Vogel, L Zielcke, J Granados, HD Platt, U AF Luebcke, P. Bobrowski, N. Illing, S. Kern, C. Alvarez Nieves, J. M. Vogel, L. Zielcke, J. Delgado Granados, H. Platt, U. TI On the absolute calibration of SO2 cameras SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; VOLCANIC PLUMES; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPEED; DOAS; FLUX AB Sulphur dioxide emission rate measurements are an important tool for volcanic monitoring and eruption risk assessment. The SO2 camera technique remotely measures volcanic emissions by analysing the ultraviolet absorption of SO2 in a narrow spectral window between 300 and 320 nm using solar radiation scattered in the atmosphere. The SO2 absorption is selectively detected by mounting band-pass interference filters in front of a two-dimensional, UV-sensitive CCD detector. One important step for correct SO2 emission rate measurements that can be compared with other measurement techniques is a correct calibration. This requires conversion from the measured optical density to the desired SO2 column density (CD). The conversion factor is most commonly determined by inserting quartz cells (cuvettes) with known amounts of SO2 into the light path. Another calibration method uses an additional narrow field-of-view Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy system (NFOV-DOAS), which measures the column density simultaneously in a small area of the camera's field-of-view. This procedure combines the very good spatial and temporal resolution of the SO2 camera technique with the more accurate column densities obtainable from DOAS measurements. This work investigates the uncertainty of results gained through the two commonly used, but quite different, calibration methods (DOAS and calibration cells). Measurements with three different instruments, an SO2 camera, a NFOV-DOAS system and an Imaging DOAS (I-DOAS), are presented. We compare the calibration-cell approach with the calibration from the NFOV-DOAS system. The respective results are compared with measurements from an I-DOAS to verify the calibration curve over the spatial extent of the image. The results show that calibration cells, while working fine in some cases, can lead to an overestimation of the SO2 CD by up to 60% compared with CDs from the DOAS measurements. Besides these errors of calibration, radiative transfer effects (e. g. light dilution, multiple scattering) can significantly influence the results of both instrument types. The measurements presented in this work were taken at Popocatepetl, Mexico, between 1 March 2011 and 4 March 2011. Average SO2 emission rates between 4.00 and 14.34 kg s(-1) were observed. C1 [Luebcke, P.; Bobrowski, N.; Illing, S.; Vogel, L.; Zielcke, J.; Platt, U.] Inst Umweltphys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Luebcke, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kern, C.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Alvarez Nieves, J. M.; Delgado Granados, H.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Vulcanol, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Lubcke, P (reprint author), Inst Umweltphys, Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM pluebcke@iup.uni-heidelberg.de RI Delgado Granados, Hugo/J-3056-2013; Vogel, Leif/H-1281-2015 OI Delgado Granados, Hugo/0000-0001-5263-7968; Vogel, Leif/0000-0001-5293-0523 FU CONACYT; European Community's through FONCICYT [FONCICYT C002-2008-1 ALA 127249, 93645]; DGAPA FX We would like to thank Robyn Schofield as editor of the manuscript and the anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly helped to improve the manuscript. The measurements were performed within the framework of the FIEL-Volcan project and has received funding from CONACYT and the European Community's through FONCICYT [FONCICYT C002-2008-1 ALA 127249] contract no. [93645]. We would like to acknowledge the help of CENAPRED during the realization of the experiments. We would also like to thank the mechanical workshop at the Institute of Environmental Physics in Heidelberg for their great help while building the camera and the I-DOAS set-up. Hugo Delgado Granados thanks the support of DGAPA for sabbatical research. Acknowledgement for the elevation data used in Fig. 4: data available from the US Geological Survey. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 677 EP 696 DI 10.5194/amt-6-677-2013 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118GA UT WOS:000317011200013 ER PT J AU Munguia-Vega, A Rodriguez-Estrella, R Shaw, WW Culver, M AF Munguia-Vega, Adrian Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo Shaw, William W. Culver, Melanie TI Localized extinction of an arboreal desert lizard caused by habitat fragmentation SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Ectotherm; Reptile; Extinction; Overheating; Global warming; Microsatellites ID CORRELATED ALLELE FREQUENCIES; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALTERED THERMAL NICHES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; SONORAN DESERT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SANTO-DOMINGO; DISPERSAL AB We adopted a species' perspective for predicting extinction risk in a small, endemic, and strictly scansorial lizard (Urosaurus nigricaudus), in an old (similar to 60 year) and highly fragmented (8% habitat remaining) agricultural landscape from the Sonoran Desert, Mexico. We genotyped 10 microsatellite loci in 280 individuals from 11 populations in fragmented and continuous habitat. Individual dispersal was restricted to less than 400 m, according to analyses of spatial autocorrelation and spatially explicit Bayesian assignment methods. Within this scale, continuous areas and narrow washes with native vegetation allowed high levels of gene flow over tens of kilometers. In the absence of the native vegetation, cleared areas and highways were identified as partial barriers. In contrast, outside the scale of dispersal, cleared areas behaved as complete barriers, and surveys corroborated the species went extinct after a few decades in all small (less than 45 ha), isolated habitat fragments. No evidence for significant loss of genetic diversity was found, but results suggested fragmentation increased the spatial scale of movements, relatedness, genetic structure, and potentially affected sex-biased dispersal. A plausible threshold of individual dispersal predicted only 23% of all fragments in the landscape were linked with migration from continuous habitat, while complete barriers isolated the majority of fragments. Our study suggested limited dispersal, coupled with an inability to use a homogeneous and hostile matrix without vegetation and shade, could result in frequent time-delayed extinctions of small ectotherms in highly fragmented desert landscapes, particularly considering an increase in the risk of overheating and a decrease in dispersal potential induced by global warming. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Munguia-Vega, Adrian; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, USGS, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,Conserv, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz 23090, Baja California, Mexico. [Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo] CSIC, Estac Biol Donana, Seville 41092, Spain. [Munguia-Vega, Adrian; Shaw, William W.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Munguia-Vega, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1311 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM airdrian@email.arizona.edu RI Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo/N-9406-2015; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011 OI CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) [158622]; Wallace Research Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; CONACYT-SEMARNAT [2002-C01-0317]; CIBNOR S.C.; Jiji Foundation; EBD, Spain; University of Arizona; Tucson Herpetological Society FX We thank the Cota family (Abelino, Enrique, Franco) and specially Bruno Granados for their invaluable help trapping lizards. AMV was supported during the execution of this work by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT; 158622), the Wallace Research Foundation and The David and Lucile Packard Foundation. This work was possible by projects funded by CONACYT-SEMARNAT (2002-C01-0317) and CIBNOR S.C. to RRE, and by the following scholarships to AMV: William A. Calder III, William G. McGinnies, Rick F. Seegmiller (University of Arizona), Charles H. Lowe (Tucson Herpetological Society), Jiji Foundation. RRE received a sabbatical grant in the EBD, Spain, during the writing of this manuscript. We deeply thank Michael W. Nachman and three anonymous reviewers for improving the quality of this manuscript. Research protocol was approved by IACUC (09-119) and sampling was conducted under permit FAUT-0055. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 12 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 157 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.026 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113FF UT WOS:000316651200003 ER PT J AU Banko, PC Camp, RJ Farmer, C Brinck, KW Leonard, DL Stephens, RM AF Banko, Paul C. Camp, Richard J. Farmer, Chris Brinck, Kevin W. Leonard, David L. Stephens, Robert M. TI Response of palila and other subalpine Hawaiian forest bird species to prolonged drought and habitat degradation by feral ungulates SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Drought; Endangered species; Hawai'i; Palila; Population trends; Specialist; Ungulate impacts ID MAUNA-KEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MAMANE; CONSERVATION; HERBIVORES; ABUNDANCE; ISLANDS AB Extinction has claimed half of all historically-known Hawaiian passerines, and today many extant species are increasingly threatened due to the combined effects of invasive species and climate change. Habitat disturbance has affected populations of feeding specialists most profoundly, and our results indicate that specialists continue to be most vulnerable, although even some abundant, introduced, generalist species also may be affected. Surveys of passerines during 1998-2011 in subalpine woodland habitat on Mauna Kea Volcano, Island of Hawai'i, revealed that the abundance of the critically endangered palila (Loxioides bailleui), a seed specialist, declined by 79% after 2003. The 'akiapola'au (Hemignathus munroi), an endangered specialist insectivore, was not detected in the survey area after 1998. The Hawai'i 'amakihi (Hemignathus virens virens), a generalist feeder and the most abundant species on Mauna Kea, was the only native species to maintain a stable population. The Japanese white-eye (Zosterops japonicus), a well-entrenched generalist and one of the three most common introduced species, declined. Drought prevailed in 74% of months during 2000-2011, and dry conditions contributed to the recent decline of the palila by reducing the annual mamane (Sophora chrysophylla) seed pod crop, which influences palila breeding and survival. Sustained browsing by introduced ungulates also lowered habitat carrying capacity, and their elimination should reduce the effects of drought and promote forest restoration. Our results illustrate how the feeding ecology of a species can influence its response to interacting environmental perturbations, and they underscore the value of long-term monitoring to detect population trends of sensitive species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Banko, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Camp, Richard J.; Farmer, Chris; Brinck, Kevin W.] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Farmer, Chris] Amer Bird Conservancy, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Leonard, David L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Stephens, Robert M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Banko, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM paul_banko@usgs.gov; rick_camp@usgs.gov; cfarmer@abcbirds.org; kevin_brink@usgs.gov; David.L.Leonard@Hawaii.gov; robertms@hawaii.edu OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X FU Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Army Garrison Hawai'i; Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); American Bird Conservancy; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This research was made possible thanks to support from the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Army Garrison Hawai'i, Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), American Bird Conservancy, and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) wildlife research programs. For assistance in the field we are grateful to staff of the USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, particularly G. Beauprez, C. Cole (Murray), S. Hess, and L. Johnson; staff of the DOFAW Mauna Kea Forest Restoration Project; and many volunteers and staff from a variety of other organizations. We thank D. Miskus for providing data from the U.S. Drought Monitor and P. Berkowitz for GIS assistance. USFWS and DOFAW provided permits and access to study sites. We thank Eben Paxton and three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions for improving the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 157 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.013 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113FF UT WOS:000316651200009 ER PT J AU Hunt, SD Guzy, JC Price, SJ Halstead, BJ Eskew, EA Dorcas, ME AF Hunt, Stephanie D. Guzy, Jacquelyn C. Price, Steven J. Halstead, Brian J. Eskew, Evan A. Dorcas, Michael E. TI Responses of riparian reptile communities to damming and urbanization SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Species richness; Rivers; Damming; Reservoirs; South Carolina; Urbanization ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; RIVER FLOODPLAIN; REGULATED RIVER; TRINITY RIVER; UNITED-STATES; FLOW REGIMES; HABITAT USE; BIODIVERSITY; AMPHIBIANS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Various anthropogenic pressures, including habitat loss, threaten reptile populations worldwide. Riparian zones are critical habitat for many reptile species, but these habitats are also frequently modified by anthropogenic activities. Our study investigated the effects of two riparian habitat modifications - damming and urbanization - on overall and species-specific reptile occupancy patterns. We used time-constrained search techniques to compile encounter histories for 28 reptile species at 21 different sites along the Broad and Pacolet Rivers of South Carolina. Using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis, we modeled reptile occupancy responses to a site's distance upstream from dam, distance downstream from dam, and percent urban land use. The mean occupancy response by the reptile community indicated that reptile occupancy and species richness were maximized when sites were farther upstream from dams. Species-specific occupancy estimates showed a similar trend of lower occupancy immediately upstream from dams. Although the mean occupancy response of the reptile community was positively related to distance downstream from dams, the occupancy response to distance downstream varied among species. Percent urban land use had little effect on the occupancy response of the reptile community or individual species. Our results indicate that the conditions of impoundments and subsequent degradation of the riparian zones upstream from dams may not provide suitable habitat for a number of reptile species. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hunt, Stephanie D.; Guzy, Jacquelyn C.; Eskew, Evan A.; Dorcas, Michael E.] Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. [Price, Steven J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Halstead, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Guzy, JC (reprint author), Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. EM sthunt@davidson.edu; jaguzy@davidson.edu; steven.price@uky.edu; bhalstead@usgs.gov; eaeskew@ucdavis.edu; midorcas@davidson.edu OI Eskew, Evan/0000-0002-1153-5356 FU Broad River Mitigation trust fund; Duke Endowment through the Davidson Research Initiative; Davidson College Department of Biology FX We thank L. Witczak, C. Williams, A. Domske, D. Millican, M. Kern, C. Oldham, R. Bauer, C. Ruder, and B. Abbuhl for assistance in the field. G. Vaughan, S. Bennett, B. Perry, and V. Vejdani all assisted with logistics related to the project. Funding for this project was provided by the Broad River Mitigation trust fund administered through the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. Additional funding was provided by the Duke Endowment through the Davidson Research Initiative and the Davidson College Department of Biology. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 157 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.035 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113FF UT WOS:000316651200032 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Lowe, WH Ware, JL Corn, PS AF Hossack, Blake R. Lowe, Winsor H. Ware, Joy L. Corn, Paul Stephen TI Disease in a dynamic landscape: Host behavior and wildfire reduce amphibian chytrid infection SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Amphibian decline; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Disturbance; Fire; Host-pathogen interaction; Thermoregulation ID FUNGUS BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; BOREAL TOADS; BUFO-BOREAS; HABITAT USE; TEMPERATURE; POPULATION; PATHOGEN; SURVIVAL AB Disturbances are often expected to magnify effects of disease, but these effects may depend on the ecology, behavior, and life history of both hosts and pathogens. In many ecosystems, wildfire is the dominant natural disturbance and thus could directly or indirectly affect dynamics of many diseases. To determine how probability of infection by the aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) varies relative to habitat use by individuals, wildfire, and host characteristics, we sampled 404 boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) across Glacier National Park, Montana (USA). Bd causes chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease linked with widespread amphibian declines, including the boreal toad. Probability of infection was similar for females and the combined group of males and juveniles. However, only 9% of terrestrial toads were infected compared to >30% of aquatic toads, and toads captured in recently burned areas were half as likely to be infected as toads in unburned areas. We suspect these large differences in infection reflect habitat choices by individuals that affect pathogen exposure and persistence, especially in burned forests where warm, arid conditions could limit Bd growth. Our results show that natural disturbances such as wildfire and the resulting diverse habitats can influence infection across large landscapes, potentially maintaining local refuges and host behaviors that facilitate evolution of disease resistance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Ware, Joy L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 East Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov; winsor.lowe@mso.umt.ed; jware@mcvh-vcu.edu; steve_corn@usgs.gov FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI); National Park Service FX We thank the several field technicians who helped collect samples between 2004 and 2009 and C. Goldberg for sharing her unpublished results. Comments by V. Ezenwa, L. Eby, S. Mills, C. Bruener, P. Cross, and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This research was conducted under the University of Montana Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permit No. 022-09WLDBS-051209. Funding was provided by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) and a Jerry O'Neal grant from the National Park Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This manuscript is ARMI contribution No. 416. NR 69 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 157 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.09.013 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113FF UT WOS:000316651200034 ER PT J AU Bohm, M Collen, B Baillie, JEM Bowles, P Chanson, J Cox, N Hammerson, G Hoffmann, M Livingstone, SR Ram, M Rhodin, AGJ Stuart, SN van Dijk, PP Young, BE Afuang, LE Aghasyan, A Garcia, A Aguilar, C Ajtic, R Akarsu, F Alencar, LRV Allison, A Ananjeva, N Anderson, S Andren, C Ariano-Sanchez, D Arredondo, JC Auliya, M Austin, CC Avci, A Baker, PJ Barreto-Lima, AF Barrio-Amoros, CL Basu, D Bates, MF Batistella, A Bauer, A Bennett, D Bohme, W Broadley, D Brown, R Burgess, J Captain, A Carreira, S Castaneda, MD Castro, F Catenazzi, A Cedeno-Vazquez, JR Chapple, DG Cheylan, M Cisneros-Heredia, DF Cogalniceanu, D Cogger, H Corti, C Costa, GC Couper, PJ Courtney, T Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J Crochet, PA Crother, B Cruz, F Daltry, JC Daniels, RIR Das, I de Silva, A Diesmos, AC Dirksen, L Doan, TM Dodd, CK Doody, JS Dorcas, ME de Barros, JD Egan, VT El Mouden, E Embert, D Espinoza, RE Fallabrino, A Feng, X Feng, ZJ Fitzgerald, L Flores-Villela, O Franca, FGR Frost, D Gadsden, H Gamble, T Ganesh, SR Garcia, MA Garcia-Perez, JE Gatus, J Gaulke, M Geniez, P Georges, A Gerlach, J Goldberg, S Gonzalez, JCT Gower, DJ Grant, T Greenbaum, E Grieco, C Guo, P Hamilton, AM Hare, K Hedges, SB Heideman, N Hilton-Taylor, C Hitchmough, R Hollingsworth, B Hutchinson, M Ineich, I Iverson, J Jaksic, FM Jenkins, R Joger, U Jose, R Kaska, Y Kaya, U Keogh, JS Kohler, G Kuchling, G Kumlutas, Y Kwet, A La Marca, E Lamar, W Lane, A Lardner, B Latta, C Latta, G Lau, M Lavin, P Lawson, D LeBreton, M Lehr, E Limpus, D Lipczynski, N Lobo, AS Lopez-Luna, MA Luiselli, L Lukoschek, V Lundberg, M Lymberakis, P Macey, R Magnusson, WE Mahler, DL Malhotra, A Mariaux, J Maritz, B Marques, OAV Marquez, R Martins, M Masterson, G Mateo, JA Mathew, R Mathews, N Mayer, G McCranie, JR Measey, GJ Mendoza-Quijano, F Menegon, M Metrailler, S Milton, DA Montgomery, C Morato, SAA Mott, T Munoz-Alonso, A Murphy, J Nguyen, TQ Nilson, G Nogueira, C Nunez, H Orlov, N Ota, H Ottenwalder, J Papenfuss, T Pasachnik, S Passos, P Pauwels, OSG Perez-Buitrago, N Perez-Mellado, V Pianka, ER Pleguezuelos, J Pollock, C Ponce-Campos, P Powell, R Pupin, F Diaz, GEQ Radder, R Ramer, J Rasmussen, AR Raxworthy, C Reynolds, R Richman, N Rico, EL Riservato, E Rivas, G da Rocha, PLB Rodel, MO Schettino, LR Roosenburg, WM Ross, JP Sadek, R Sanders, K Santos-Barrera, G Schleich, HH Schmidt, BR Schmitz, A Sharifi, M Shea, G Shi, HT Shine, R Sindaco, R Slimani, T Somaweera, R Spawls, S Stafford, P Stuebing, R Sweet, S Sy, E Temple, HJ Tognelli, MF Tolley, K Tolson, PJ Tuniyev, B Tuniyev, S Uzum, N van Buurt, G Van Sluys, M Velasco, A Vences, M Vesely, M Vinke, S Vinke, T Vogel, G Vogrin, M Vogt, RC Wearn, OR Werner, YL Whiting, MJ Wiewandt, T Wilkinson, J Wilson, B Wren, S Zamin, T Zhou, K Zug, G AF Boehm, Monika Collen, Ben Baillie, Jonathan E. M. Bowles, Philip Chanson, Janice Cox, Neil Hammerson, Geoffrey Hoffmann, Michael Livingstone, Suzanne R. Ram, Mala Rhodin, Anders G. J. Stuart, Simon N. van Dijk, Peter Paul Young, Bruce E. Afuang, Leticia E. Aghasyan, Aram Garcia, Andres Aguilar, Cesar Ajtic, Rastko Akarsu, Ferdi Alencar, Laura R. V. Allison, Allen Ananjeva, Natalia Anderson, Steve Andren, Claes Ariano-Sanchez, Daniel Arredondo, Juan Camilo Auliya, Mark Austin, Christopher C. Avci, Aziz Baker, Patrick J. Barreto-Lima, Andre F. Barrio-Amoros, Cesar L. Basu, Dhruvayothi Bates, Michael F. Batistella, Alexandre Bauer, Aaron Bennett, Daniel Boehme, Wolfgang Broadley, Don Brown, Rafe Burgess, Joseph Captain, Ashok Carreira, Santiago Castaneda, Maria del Rosario Castro, Fernando Catenazzi, Alessandro Cedeno-Vazquez, Jose R. Chapple, David G. Cheylan, Marc Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. Cogalniceanu, Dan Cogger, Hal Corti, Claudia Costa, Gabriel C. Couper, Patrick J. Courtney, Tony Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Jelka Crochet, Pierre-Andre Crother, Brian Cruz, Felix Daltry, Jennifer C. Daniels, R. I. Ranjit Das, Indraneil de Silva, Anslem Diesmos, Arvin C. Dirksen, Lutz Doan, Tiffany M. Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. Doody, J. Sean Dorcas, Michael E. de Barros Filho, Jose Duarte Egan, Vincent T. El Mouden, El Hassan Embert, Dirk Espinoza, Robert E. Fallabrino, Alejandro Feng, Xie Feng, Zhao-Jun Fitzgerald, Lee Flores-Villela, Oscar Franca, Frederico G. R. Frost, Darrell Gadsden, Hector Gamble, Tony Ganesh, S. R. Garcia, Miguel A. Garcia-Perez, Juan E. Gatus, Joey Gaulke, Maren Geniez, Philippe Georges, Arthur Gerlach, Justin Goldberg, Stephen Gonzalez, Juan-Carlos T. Gower, David J. Grant, Tandora Greenbaum, Eli Grieco, Cristina Guo, Peng Hamilton, Alison M. Hare, Kelly Hedges, S. Blair Heideman, Neil Hilton-Taylor, Craig Hitchmough, Rod Hollingsworth, Bradford Hutchinson, Mark Ineich, Ivan Iverson, John Jaksic, Fabian M. Jenkins, Richard Joger, Ulrich Jose, Reizl Kaska, Yakup Kaya, Ugur Keogh, J. Scott Koehler, Gunther Kuchling, Gerald Kumlutas, Yusuf Kwet, Axel La Marca, Enrique Lamar, William Lane, Amanda Lardner, Bjorn Latta, Craig Latta, Gabrielle Lau, Michael Lavin, Pablo Lawson, Dwight LeBreton, Matthew Lehr, Edgar Limpus, Duncan Lipczynski, Nicola Lobo, Aaron S. Lopez-Luna, Marco A. Luiselli, Luca Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi Lundberg, Mikael Lymberakis, Petros Macey, Robert Magnusson, William E. Mahler, D. Luke Malhotra, Anita Mariaux, Jean Maritz, Bryan Marques, Otavio A. V. Marquez, Rafael Martins, Marcio Masterson, Gavin Mateo, Jose A. Mathew, Rosamma Mathews, Nixon Mayer, Gregory McCranie, James R. Measey, G. John Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando Menegon, Michele Metrailler, Sebastien Milton, David A. Montgomery, Chad Morato, Sergio A. A. Mott, Tami Munoz-Alonso, Antonio Murphy, John Nguyen, Truong Q. Nilson, Goeran Nogueira, Cristiano Nunez, Herman Orlov, Nikolai Ota, Hidetoshi Ottenwalder, Jose Papenfuss, Theodore Pasachnik, Stesha Passos, Paulo Pauwels, Olivier S. G. Perez-Buitrago, Nestor Perez-Mellado, Valentin Pianka, Eric R. Pleguezuelos, Juan Pollock, Caroline Ponce-Campos, Paulino Powell, Robert Pupin, Fabio Quintero Diaz, Gustavo E. Radder, Raju Ramer, Jan Rasmussen, Arne R. Raxworthy, Chris Reynolds, Robert Richman, Nadia Rico, Edmund L. Riservato, Elisa Rivas, Gilson da Rocha, Pedro L. B. Roedel, Mark-Oliver Rodriguez Schettino, Lourdes Roosenburg, Willem M. Ross, James P. Sadek, Riyad Sanders, Kate Santos-Barrera, Georgina Schleich, Hermann H. Schmidt, Benedikt R. Schmitz, Andreas Sharifi, Mozafar Shea, Glenn Shi, Hai-Tao Shine, Richard Sindaco, Roberto Slimani, Tahar Somaweera, Ruchira Spawls, Steve Stafford, Peter Stuebing, Rob Sweet, Sam Sy, Emerson Temple, Helen J. Tognelli, Marcelo F. Tolley, Krystal Tolson, Peter J. Tuniyev, Boris Tuniyev, Sako Uzum, Nazan van Buurt, Gerard Van Sluys, Monique Velasco, Alvaro Vences, Miguel Vesely, Milan Vinke, Sabine Vinke, Thomas Vogel, Gernot Vogrin, Milan Vogt, Richard C. Wearn, Oliver R. Werner, Yehudah L. Whiting, Martin J. Wiewandt, Thomas Wilkinson, John Wilson, Byron Wren, Sally Zamin, Tara Zhou, Kaiya Zug, George TI The conservation status of the world's reptiles SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE IUCN Red List; Extinction risk; Threatened species; Lizards; Snakes; Turtles; Distribution maps ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; VERTEBRATES; AMPHIBIANS; CLIMATE; CLASSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIATION AB Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapid insight into the status of reptiles are needed in order to highlight urgent conservation cases and inform environmental policy with appropriate biodiversity information in a timely manner. We present the first ever global analysis of extinction risk in reptiles, based on a random representative sample of 1500 species (16% of all currently known species). To our knowledge, our results provide the first analysis of the global conservation status and distribution patterns of reptiles and the threats affecting them, highlighting conservation priorities and knowledge gaps which need to be addressed urgently to ensure the continued survival of the world's reptiles. Nearly one in five reptilian species are threatened with extinction, with another one in five species classed as Data Deficient. The proportion of threatened reptile species is highest in freshwater environments, tropical regions and on oceanic islands, while data deficiency was highest in tropical areas, such as Central Africa and Southeast Asia, and among fossorial reptiles. Our results emphasise the need for research attention to be focussed on tropical areas which are experiencing the most dramatic rates of habitat loss, on fossorial reptiles for which there is a chronic lack of data, and on certain taxa such as snakes for which extinction risk may currently be underestimated due to lack of population information. Conservation actions specifically need to mitigate the effects of human-induced habitat loss and harvesting, which are the predominant threats to reptiles. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boehm, Monika; Collen, Ben; Ram, Mala; Richman, Nadia; Wearn, Oliver R.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Wren, Sally] Zool Soc London, Conservat Programmes, London NW1 4RY, England. [Bowles, Philip; Cox, Neil; Tognelli, Marcelo F.] Conservat Int, IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Chanson, Janice; Cox, Neil] IUCN, Species Programme, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Chanson, Janice] IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Cheltenham, Vic 3192, Australia. [Hammerson, Geoffrey] NatureServe, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA. [Hoffmann, Michael] United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Livingstone, Suzanne R.] Univ Glasgow, Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Rhodin, Anders G. J.] Chelonian Res Fdn, Lunenburg, MA 01462 USA. [Stuart, Simon N.] IUCN Species Survival Commiss, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Stuart, Simon N.] United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Stuart, Simon N.; van Dijk, Peter Paul] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Stuart, Simon N.] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Stuart, Simon N.] Al Ain Wildlife Pk & Resort, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Young, Bruce E.] NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Afuang, Leticia E.; Gonzalez, Juan-Carlos T.] Univ Philippines, Inst Biol Sci, Laguna 4031, Philippines. [Aghasyan, Aram] Bioresources Management Agcy, Minist Nat Protect, Protected Areas Management Dept, Yerevan, Armenia. [Garcia, Andres] UNAM, Inst Biol, Estn Biol Chamela, San Patricio, Jalisco, Mexico. [Ajtic, Rastko] Inst Nat Conservat Serbia, Belgrade 11070, Serbia. [Akarsu, Ferdi] Doga Dernegi Nat Assoc, Ankara, Turkey. [Alencar, Laura R. V.; Martins, Marcio] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Ecol, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Allison, Allen] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Ananjeva, Natalia; Orlov, Nikolai] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Anderson, Steve] Univ Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Andren, Claes] Nordens Ark, SE-45693 Hunnebostrand, Sweden. [Ariano-Sanchez, Daniel] Org Zootrop, Gen Projects, Guatemala City 1001, Guatemala. [Arredondo, Juan Camilo] Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, BR-04218170 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Auliya, Mark] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Conservat Biol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Austin, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Avci, Aziz; Uzum, Nazan] Adnan Menderes Univ, Fac Sci & Arts, Dept Biol, Aydin, Turkey. [Baker, Patrick J.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, AgriLIFE Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Baker, Patrick J.] Wetlands Inst, Stone Harbor, NJ 08247 USA. [Barreto-Lima, Andre F.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Biociencias, BR-91540000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Barrio-Amoros, Cesar L.] Fdn Andigena, Merida 5101A, Venezuela. [Basu, Dhruvayothi] Katerniaghat Fdn, Lucknow 226006, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Bates, Michael F.] Natl Museum, Dept Herpetol, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. [Batistella, Alexandre] Dept Environm Mato Grosso, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Bauer, Aaron] Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Bennett, Daniel] Mampam Conservat, Glossop, Derbyshire, England. [Boehme, Wolfgang; Nguyen, Truong Q.] Zool Forsch Museum Alexander Koenig ZFMK, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. [Broadley, Don] Nat Hist Museum Zimbabwe, Dept Herpetol, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. [Brown, Rafe] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Brown, Rafe] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Burgess, Joseph] Guana Tolomato Matanzas Natl Estuarine Res Reserv, Ponte Vedra, FL 32082 USA. [Carreira, Santiago] Fac Ciencias UDELAR, Inst Ecol & Ciencias Ambientales, Lab Sistemat Vertebrados & Hist Nat, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Castaneda, Maria del Rosario] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Castro, Fernando] Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Cali, Colombia. [Catenazzi, Alessandro] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cedeno-Vazquez, Jose R.] Inst Tecnol Chetumal, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Chapple, David G.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Chapple, David G.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Allan Wilson Ctr Mol Ecol & Evolut, Wellington, New Zealand. [Cheylan, Marc; Crochet, Pierre-Andre] Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, CNRS UMR5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.] Univ San Francisco Quito, Colegio Ciencias Biol & Ambientales, Quito, Ecuador. [Cogalniceanu, Dan] Univ Ovidius Constanta, Fac Nat Sci, Constanta, Romania. [Cogger, Hal] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. [Corti, Claudia] Univ Florence, Museo Storia Nat, Sez Zool La Specola, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Costa, Gabriel C.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil. 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[Schleich, Hermann H.] Inst & Nucl Zool ARCO, E-04200 Tabernas, Spain. [Schmidt, Benedikt R.] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Schmidt, Benedikt R.] Karch, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Schmitz, Andreas] Museum Hist Nat, Dept Herpetol & Ichthyol, CH-1208 Geneva, Switzerland. [Sharifi, Mozafar] Razi Univ, Dept Biol, Kermanshah, Iran. [Shi, Hai-Tao] Hainan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Haikou 571158, Peoples R China. [Spawls, Steve] City Coll, Dept Hlth & Sci, Norwich NR2 2LJ, Norfolk, England. [Sweet, Sam] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Temple, Helen J.] Biodivers Consultancy, Cambridge, England. [Tognelli, Marcelo F.] Inst Argentina Invest Zonas Aridas IADIZA CONICET, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Tolley, Krystal] South African Natl Biodivers Inst, ZA-7735 Cape Town, South Africa. [Tolson, Peter J.] Toledo Zoo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. 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[Zhou, Kaiya] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Bohm, M (reprint author), Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. EM monika.bohm@ioz.ac.uk RI Museu de Zoologia da USP, MZ-USP/Q-2192-2016; Fachbereich14, Dekanat/C-8553-2015; Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi/C-6126-2013; Georges, Arthur/D-2153-2009; Perez-Mellado, Valentin/G-3476-2015; Martins, Marcio/C-1150-2011; Nogueira, Cristiano/I-5100-2012; Keogh, Scott/C-8441-2009; Somaweera, Ruchira/G-7531-2014; Rocha, Pedro Luis/A-3325-2008; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016; Courtney, Anthony/C-7867-2009; Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/D-1744-2011; Alencar, Laura/E-2030-2013; Lehr, Edgar/K-1210-2016; Barreto-Lima, A/E-3383-2015; Schmidt, Benedikt/B-8491-2008; Catenazzi, Alessandro/C-8615-2009; Gadsden, Hector/A-2066-2015; Marquez, Rafael/E-4454-2013; Costa, Gabriel/A-4147-2008; Measey, G John/F-2028-2010; Cogalniceanu, Dan/B-7065-2011; Chapple, David/B-9073-2008; Franca, Frederico/M-6718-2013; Nguyen, Truong/F-3730-2012; jaksic, Fabian/G-1705-2014; Hoffmann, Michael/E-6419-2010; Magnusson, William/J-9408-2014 OI Malhotra, Anita/0000-0002-1738-9046; Hare, Kelly/0000-0002-9473-5256; Tognelli, Marcelo/0000-0002-9761-4505; Whiting, Martin/0000-0002-4662-0227; Mariaux, Jean/0000-0002-9601-855X; Zamin, Tara/0000-0002-0991-6651; Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi/0000-0002-0268-3808; Gerlach, Justin/0000-0002-0157-0449; Marquez, Rafael/0000-0002-2070-860X; Rocha, Pedro Luis Bernardo da/0000-0002-8330-483X; Vences, Miguel/0000-0003-0747-0817; Georges, Arthur/0000-0003-2428-0361; Perez-Mellado, Valentin/0000-0002-7137-4945; Martins, Marcio/0000-0001-8108-6309; Keogh, Scott/0000-0002-1373-6186; Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/0000-0002-6132-2738; Lehr, Edgar/0000-0002-0517-390X; Barreto-Lima, A/0000-0002-3686-6573; Schmidt, Benedikt/0000-0002-4023-1001; Catenazzi, Alessandro/0000-0002-3650-4783; Costa, Gabriel/0000-0002-6777-6706; Measey, G John/0000-0001-9939-7615; Cogalniceanu, Dan/0000-0003-2959-014X; Chapple, David/0000-0002-7720-6280; Franca, Frederico/0000-0001-6989-2455; Hoffmann, Michael/0000-0003-4785-2254; FU Esmee Fairbairn Foundation; Rufford Foundation; Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare; Moore Family Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF); European Commission; Zayed Species Conservation Fund; Conservation International Madagascar; Darwin Initiative FX MB and MR were funded by a grant from the Esmee Fairbairn Foundation, BC by the Rufford Foundation. North American and Mexican species assessments were funded by the Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare. Species assessments under the Global Reptile Assessment (GRA) initiative are supported by: Moore Family Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF), and European Commission. Additional acknowledgements are included in the online supplementary material.; The assessment workshop for Mexican reptiles was kindly hosted by Ricardo Ayala and the station personnel of the Estacion de Biologia Chamela, Institut de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Workshop and logistical organisation of the Philippines assessments was provided by the Conservation International Philippines Office, in particular Ruth Grace Rose Ambal, Melizar V. Duya and Oliver Coroza. Workshop and logistical organisation for the European Reptile and Amphibian Assessments was provided by Doga Dernegi, in particular Ozge Balkiz and Ozgur Koc. Workshop and logistical organisation for assessments of sea snakes and homalopsids was provided by the International Sea Turtle Symposium and Dr. Colin Limpus (Australian Government Environmental Protection Agency). Special thanks to Jenny Chapman (EPA) and Chloe Schaub le (ISTS). Thank you also to Dr. Gordon Guymer (Chief Botanist Director of Herbarium) for accommodating us at the Herbarium in the Brisbane Botanical Gardens, and Mark Read and Kirsten Dobbs (Great Barrier Reef Marine Parks Association) and Dave Pollard and Brad Warren (Ocean Watch Australia) for institutional support. Mohamed Bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, Conservation International Madagascar and the Darwin Initiative contributed to funding the costs of the Madagascar reptile workshop. NR 48 TC 190 Z9 196 U1 58 U2 396 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 157 BP 372 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.015 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113FF UT WOS:000316651200043 ER PT J AU Haywood, AM Hill, DJ Dolan, AM Otto-Bliesner, BL Bragg, F Chan, WL Chandler, MA Contoux, C Dowsett, HJ Jost, A Kamae, Y Lohmann, G Lunt, DJ Abe-Ouchi, A Pickering, SJ Ramstein, G Rosenbloom, NA Salzmann, U Sohl, L Stepanek, C Ueda, H Yan, Q Zhang, Z AF Haywood, A. M. Hill, D. J. Dolan, A. M. Otto-Bliesner, B. L. Bragg, F. Chan, W. -L. Chandler, M. A. Contoux, C. Dowsett, H. J. Jost, A. Kamae, Y. Lohmann, G. Lunt, D. J. Abe-Ouchi, A. Pickering, S. J. Ramstein, G. Rosenbloom, N. A. Salzmann, U. Sohl, L. Stepanek, C. Ueda, H. Yan, Q. Zhang, Z. TI Large-scale features of Pliocene climate: results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; PLIOMIP EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; SIMPLE BIOSPHERE MODEL; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; COUPLED MODEL; WARM PERIOD; ICE-SHEET; ARCTIC-OCEAN; NORESM-L AB Climate and environments of the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264 to 3.025 Ma) have been extensively studied. Whilst numerical models have shed light on the nature of climate at the time, uncertainties in their predictions have not been systematically examined. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project quantifies uncertainties in model outputs through a coordinated multi-model and multi-model/data intercomparison. Whilst commonalities in model outputs for the Pliocene are clearly evident, we show substantial variation in the sensitivity of models to the implementation of Pliocene boundary conditions. Models appear able to reproduce many regional changes in temperature reconstructed from geological proxies. However, data/model comparison highlights that models potentially underestimate polar amplification. To assert this conclusion with greater confidence, limitations in the time-averaged proxy data currently available must be addressed. Furthermore, sensitivity tests ex-ploring the known unknowns in modelling Pliocene climate specifically relevant to the high latitudes are essential (e. g. palaeogeography, gateways, orbital forcing and trace gasses). Estimates of longer-term sensitivity to CO2 (also known as Earth System Sensitivity; ESS), support previous work suggesting that ESS is greater than Climate Sensitivity (CS), and suggest that the ratio of ESS to CS is between 1 and 2, with a "best" estimate of 1.5. C1 [Haywood, A. M.; Hill, D. J.; Dolan, A. M.; Pickering, S. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hill, D. J.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Otto-Bliesner, B. L.; Rosenbloom, N. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bragg, F.; Lunt, D. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Chan, W. -L.; Abe-Ouchi, A.] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Chandler, M. A.; Sohl, L.] Columbia Univ, NASA, GISS, New York, NY USA. [Contoux, C.; Ramstein, G.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Saclay, France. [Contoux, C.; Jost, A.] Univ Paris 06, Unite Mixte Rech SISYPHE 7619, Paris, France. [Dowsett, H. J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kamae, Y.; Ueda, H.] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Lohmann, G.; Stepanek, C.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Abe-Ouchi, A.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Salzmann, U.] Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Yan, Q.; Zhang, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Z.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. RP Haywood, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Earth & Environm Bldg, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM earamh@leeds.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Kamae, Youichi/L-6694-2013; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/M-6359-2013; Ramstein, Gilles/L-3328-2014; Zhang, Zhongshi/L-2891-2013; Yan, Qing/C-5413-2013; Bragg, Fran/C-6198-2015; OI Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Lohmann, Gerrit/0000-0003-2089-733X; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524; Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Kamae, Youichi/0000-0003-0461-5718; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952; Ramstein, Gilles/0000-0002-1522-917X; Zhang, Zhongshi/0000-0002-2354-1622; Yan, Qing/0000-0001-5299-7824; Bragg, Fran/0000-0002-8179-4214; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925 FU European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC [278636]; UK Natural Environment Research Council; Leverhulme Trust; National Centre for Atmospheric Research; British Geological Survey; POLMAR; PACES; NERC [NE/H006273/1]; RCUK; US National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF; NSF [ATM0323516]; NASA [NNX10AU63A]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I016287/1, NE/G009112/1] FX A.M.H., A. M. D. and S.J.P. acknowledge that the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636. A. M. D. acknowledges the UK Natural Environment Research Council for the provision of a Doctoral Training Grant. D.J.H. acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for the award of an Early Career Fellowship and the National Centre for Atmospheric Research and the British Geological Survey for financial support. C. S. and G. L. received funding through POLMAR and PACES. Z.Z. would like to thank Mats Bentsen, Jerry Tjiputra, Ingo Bethke from Bjerknes Center for Climate Research for the contribution to the development of the NorESM-L. F.J.B. and D.J.L. acknowledge NERC grant NE/H006273/1. D.J.L. acknowledges Research Councils UK for the award of an RCUK fellowship and the Leverhulme Trust for the award of a Phillip Leverhulme Prize. B.L.O. and N.A.R. recognise that NCAR is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the NSF and other agencies. The source code of MRI model is provided by S. Yukimoto, O. Arakawa, and A. Kitoh in Meteorological Research Institute, Japan. Funding for L. S. and M. C. provided by NSF Grant ATM0323516 and NASA Grant NNX10AU63A. W.-L. C. and A.A.-O. would like to thank R. Ohgaito for help in setting up the MIROC4m experiments which were run on the Earth Simulator at JAMSTEC. H.J.D. thanks the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program and the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. U. S. and A. M. H. acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC Grant NE/I016287/1, and NE/G009112/1 along with D.J.L). The HadCM3 simulations were carried out using the computational facilities of the Advanced Computing Research Centre, University of Bristol - http://www.bris.ac.uk/acrc/. NR 102 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 14 U2 77 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 191 EP 209 DI 10.5194/cp-9-191-2013 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117OD UT WOS:000316961900012 ER PT J AU Cuthbert, MO Mackay, R Nimmo, JR AF Cuthbert, M. O. Mackay, R. Nimmo, J. R. TI Linking soil moisture balance and source-responsive models to estimate diffuse and preferential components of groundwater recharge SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-CONTENT; POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW; CATCHMENTS; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; RAINFALL AB Results are presented of a detailed study into the vadose zone and shallow water table hydrodynamics of a field site in Shropshire, UK. A conceptual model is presented and tested using a range of numerical models, including a modified soil moisture balance model (SMBM) for estimating groundwater recharge in the presence of both diffuse and preferential flow components. Tensiometry reveals that the loamy sand topsoil wets up via preferential flow and subsequent redistribution of moisture into the soil matrix. Recharge does not occur until near-positive pressures are achieved at the top of the sandy glaciofluvial outwash material that underlies the topsoil, about 1m above the water table. Once this occurs, very rapid water table rises follow. This threshold behaviour is attributed to the vertical discontinuity in preferential flow pathways due to seasonal ploughing of the topsoil and to a lower permeability plough/iron pan restricting matrix flow between the topsoil and the lower outwash deposits. Although the wetting process in the topsoil is complex, a SMBM is shown to be effective in predicting the initiation of preferential flow from the base of the topsoil into the lower outwash horizon. The rapidity of the response at the water table and a water table rise during the summer period while flow gradients in the unsaturated profile were upward suggest that preferential flow is also occurring within the outwash deposits below the topsoil. A variation of the source-responsive model proposed by Nimmo (2010) is shown to reproduce the observed water table dynamics well in the lower outwash horizon when linked to a SMBM that quantifies the potential recharge from the topsoil. The results reveal new insights into preferential flow processes in cultivated soils and provide a useful and practical approach to accounting for preferential flow in studies of groundwater recharge estimation. C1 [Cuthbert, M. O.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Water Sci Res Grp, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Mackay, R.] Monash Univ, Geotech & Hydrogeol Engn Res Grp, Churchill, Vic, Australia. [Nimmo, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cuthbert, MO (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Water Res Lab, 110 King St, Manly Vale, NSW 2093, Australia. EM m.cuthbert@bham.ac.uk RI Cuthbert, Mark/B-9709-2011 OI Cuthbert, Mark/0000-0001-6721-022X FU UK Natural Environment Research Council's Lowland Catchment Research (LOCAR) thematic programme FX The fieldwork was funded under the UK Natural Environment Research Council's Lowland Catchment Research (LOCAR) thematic programme. The authors would like to express thanks to the local farmer who gave permission for field access and to staff and students at the University of Birmingham for help with fieldwork. Thank you to all those, and Andrew Ireson in particular, who gave helpful suggestions regarding a poster version of this paper at EGU 2012, and to two anonymous reviewers for suggesting useful ideas for improving the manuscript. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 3 BP 1003 EP 1019 DI 10.5194/hess-17-1003-2013 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 117NX UT WOS:000316961300009 ER PT J AU Frid, L Holcombe, T Morisette, JT Olsson, AD Brigham, L Bean, TM Betancourt, JL Bryan, K AF Frid, Leonardo Holcombe, Tracy Morisette, Jeffrey T. Olsson, Aaryn D. Brigham, Lindy Bean, Travis M. Betancourt, Julio L. Bryan, Katherine TI Using State-and-Transition Modeling to Account for Imperfect Detection in Invasive Species Management SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Buffelgrass; Southern Arizona Buffelgrass Coordination Center; SABCC; decision support tools; Tool for Exploratory Landscape Scenario Analyses (TELSA); maxent; inventory; EDRR ID PLANT INVASIONS; SONORAN DESERT; ARIZONA UPLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE; SPREAD; GRASS; DISTRIBUTIONS; STRATEGIES; AUSTRALIA AB Buffelgrass, a highly competitive and flammable African bunchgrass, is spreading rapidly across both urban and natural areas in the Sonoran Desert of southern and central Arizona. Damages include increased fire risk, losses in biodiversity, and diminished revenues and quality of life. Feasibility of sustained and successful mitigation will depend heavily on rates of spread, treatment capacity, and cost-benefit analysis. We created a decision support model for the wildland-urban interface north of Tucson, AZ, using a spatial state-and-transition simulation modeling framework, the Tool for Exploratory Landscape Scenario Analyses. We addressed the issues of undetected invasions, identifying potentially suitable habitat and calibrating spread rates, while answering questions about how to allocate resources among inventory, treatment, and maintenance. Inputs to the model include a state-and-transition simulation model to describe the succession and control of buffelgrass, a habitat suitability model, management planning zones, spread vectors, estimated dispersal kernels for buffelgrass, and maps of current distribution. Our spatial simulations showed that without treatment, buffelgrass infestations that started with as little as 80 ha (198 ac) could grow to more than 6,000 ha by the year 2060. In contrast, applying unlimited management resources could limit 2060 infestation levels to approximately 50 ha. The application of sufficient resources toward inventory is important because undetected patches of buffelgrass will tend to grow exponentially. In our simulations, areas affected by buffelgrass may increase substantially over the next 50 yr, but a large, upfront investment in buffelgrass control could reduce the infested area and overall management costs. C1 [Frid, Leonardo] Apex Resource Management Solut Ltd, Bowen Isl, BC V0N 1G1, Canada. [Holcombe, Tracy] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Invas Species Sci Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, DOI North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Olsson, Aaryn D.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Brigham, Lindy] Southern Arizona Buffelgrass Coordinat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bean, Travis M.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bryan, Katherine] ESSA Technol Ltd, Vancouver, BC V6H 3H4, Canada. RP Frid, L (reprint author), Apex Resource Management Solut Ltd, 1110 Lenora Rd, Bowen Isl, BC V0N 1G1, Canada. EM leonardo.frid@apexrms.com NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 32 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00065.1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 115VP UT WOS:000316840300004 ER PT J AU Brisbin, H Thode, A Brooks, M Weber, K AF Brisbin, Hondo Thode, Andrea Brooks, Matt Weber, Karen TI Soil Seed tank Responses to Postfire Herbicide and Native Seeding Treatments Designed to Control Bromus tectorum in a Pinyon-Juniper Woodland at Zion National Park, USA SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Plateau (R); fire; National Park Service ID DOWNY BROME; PYRENOPHORA-SEMENIPERDA; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ANNUAL GRASSES; GREAT-BASIN; FIRE; PLANTS; BANK; GERMINATION AB The continued threat of an invasive, annual brome (Bromus) species in the western United States has created the need for integrated approaches to postfire restoration. Additionally, the high germination rate, high seed production, and seed bank carryover of annual bromes points to the need to assay soil seed banks as part of monitoring programs. We sampled the soil seed bank to help assess the effectiveness of treatments utilizing the herbicide Plateau (R) (imazapic) and a perennial native seed mix to control annual Bromus species and enhance perennial native plant establishment following a wildfire in Zion National Park, Utah. This study is one of few that have monitored the effects of imazapic and native seeding on a soil seed bank community and the only one that we know of that has done so in a pinyon-juniper woodland. The study made use of untreated, replicated controls, which is not common for seed bank studies. One year posttreatment, Bromus was significantly reduced in plots sprayed with herbicide. By the second year posttreatment, the effects of imazapic were less evident and convergence with the controls was evident. Emergence of seeded species was low for the duration of the study. Dry conditions and possible interactions with imazapic probably contributed to the lack of emergence of seeded native species. The perennial grass sand dropseed outperformed the other species included in the seed mix. We also examined how the treatments affected the soil seed bank community as a whole. We found evidence that the herbicide was reducing several native annual forbs and one nonnative annual forb. However, overall effects on the community were not significant. The results of our study were similar to what others have found in that imazapic is effective in providing a short-term reduction in Bromus density, although it can impact emergence of nontarget species. C1 [Brisbin, Hondo; Thode, Andrea; Weber, Karen] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Brooks, Matt] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. RP Brisbin, H (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM hondo_brisbin@yahoo.com FU Joint Science Fire Program [07-2-4-0]; National Park Service BAER program; U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program FX This project was funded by the Joint Science Fire Program (07-2-4-0), The National Park Service BAER program and the U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program. We thank Cheryl Decker, Kristen Legg, and others of Zion National Park for logistical support and permission to conduct research on park land. We also thank Bradford Blake and Phil Patterson for use of and assistance in the research greenhouse. Finally, we thank the various graduate and undergraduate students who helped collect and process data. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute endorsement of the product by the U.S. government. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 35 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 118 EP 129 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00048.1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 115VP UT WOS:000316840300013 ER PT J AU Erlandson, JM Thomas-Barnett, L Vellanoweth, RL Schwartz, SJ Muhs, DR AF Erlandson, Jon M. Thomas-Barnett, Lisa Vellanoweth, Rene L. Schwartz, Steven J. Muhs, Daniel R. TI From the Island of the Blue Dolphins: A Unique Nineteenth-Century Cache Feature From San Nicolas Island, California SO JOURNAL OF ISLAND & COASTAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pacific Coast; North America; globalization; colonial history; culture change; technology ID CHANNEL-ISLANDS AB A cache feature salvaged from an eroding sea cliff on San Nicolas Island produced two redwood boxes containing more than 200 artifacts of Nicoleno, Native Alaskan, and Euro-American origin. Outside the boxes were four asphaltum-coated baskets, abalone shells, a sandstone dish, and a hafted stone knife. The boxes, made from split redwood planks, contained a variety of artifacts and numerous unmodified bones and teeth from marine mammals, fish, birds, and large land mammals. Nicoleno-style artifacts include 11 knives with redwood handles and stone blades, stone projectile points, steatite ornaments and effigies, a carved stone pipe, abraders and burnishing stones, bird bone whistles, bone and shell pendants, abalone shell dishes, and two unusual barbed shell fishhooks. Artifacts of Native Alaskan style include four bone toggling harpoons, two unilaterally barbed bone harpoon heads, bone harpoon fore-shafts, a ground slate blade, and an adze blade. Objects of Euro-American origin or materials include a brass button, metal harpoon blades, and ten flaked glass bifaces. The contents of the cache feature, dating to the early-to-mid nineteenth century, provide an extraordinary window on a time of European expansion and global economic development that created unique cultural interactions and social transformations. C1 [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Museum Nat & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Thomas-Barnett, Lisa; Schwartz, Steven J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Range Sustainabil Off, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA. [Vellanoweth, Rene L.] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Muhs, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Erlandson, JM (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, 308 Condon Hall, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM jerland@uoregon.edu OI Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1556-4894 J9 J ISL COAST ARCHAEOL JI J. Isl. Coast. Archaeol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 BP 66 EP 78 DI 10.1080/15564894.2013.766913 PG 13 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 117CJ UT WOS:000316929400005 ER PT J AU Bildfell, RJ Rumbeiha, WK Schuler, KL Meteyer, CU Wolff, PL Gillin, CM AF Bildfell, Rob J. Rumbeiha, Wilson K. Schuler, Krysten L. Meteyer, Carol U. Wolff, Peregrine L. Gillin, Colin M. TI A review of episodes of zinc phosphide toxicosis in wild geese (Branta spp.) in Oregon (2004-2011) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Branta; epizootic mortality; geese; neurologic disease; pulmonary edema; rodenticide; toxicosis; zinc phosphide ID TRANSCRIPTASE-PCR ASSAY; VIRUS AB Epizootic mortality in several geese species, including cackling geese (Branta hutchinsii) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis), has been recognized in the Willamette Valley of Oregon for over a decade. Birds are generally found dead on a body of water or are occasionally observed displaying neurologic clinical signs such as an inability to raise or control the head prior to death. Investigation of these epizootic mortality events has revealed the etiology to be accidental poisoning with the rodenticide zinc phosphide (Zn3P2). Gross and histologic changes are restricted to acute pulmonary congestion and edema, sometimes accompanied by distension of the upper alimentary tract by fresh grass. Geese are unusually susceptible to this pesticide; when combined with an epidemiologic confluence of depredation of specific agricultural crops by rodents and seasonal avian migration pathways, epizootic toxicosis may occur. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, appropriate sample collection and handling, plus specific test calibration for this toxicant. Interagency cooperation, education of farmers regarding pesticide use, and enforcement of regulations has been successful in greatly decreasing these mortality events since 2009. C1 [Bildfell, Rob J.] Oregon State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gillin, Colin M.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR USA. [Rumbeiha, Wilson K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. [Schuler, Krysten L.] Cornell Univ, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Ithaca, NY USA. [Meteyer, Carol U.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Wolff, Peregrine L.] Nevada Dept Wildlife, Reno, NV USA. RP Bildfell, RJ (reprint author), OSU VDL, POB 429, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM Rob.Bildfell@oregonstate.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1177/1040638712472499 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 113BD UT WOS:000316639900022 PM 23293161 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DJ Calvert, AT Pyle, DM Blundy, JD Yirgu, G Wright, TJ AF Ferguson, David J. Calvert, Andrew T. Pyle, David M. Blundy, Jon D. Yirgu, Gezahegn Wright, Tim J. TI Constraining timescales of focused magmatic accretion and extension in the Afar crust using lava geochronology SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DABBAHU RIFTING EPISODE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; CONTINENTAL RUPTURE; AGE-SPECTRA; VOLCANISM; SEGMENTATION; SEISMICITY; INTRUSION; ETHIOPIA; CENTERS AB As continental rift zones mature the tectonic and volcanic processes associated with crustal extension become confined to narrow magmatic rift zones, reminiscent of oceanic spreading ridges. The formation of these rift zones and the development of ocean-ridge type topography is a significant milestone in rift evolution as it signifies the localization of crustal extension and rift-related volcanism. Here we show that lavas, which erupted since similar to 200 ka along part of the on-land Red Sea rift system in Afar, Ethiopia, have a consistent age-progression from the rift axis outwards, indicating that axial dyke intrusion has been the primary mechanism of segment growth and that focused magmatic accretion and extension in the crust have remained stable here over this period. Our results suggest that as this rift segment has formed, in thinned and intruded continental crust, the time-averaged surface opening rate has closely approximated the total extension rate between Africa and Arabia. C1 [Ferguson, David J.; Pyle, David M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Calvert, Andrew T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Blundy, Jon D.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Yirgu, Gezahegn] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Wright, Tim J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Ferguson, DJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, POB 1000,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM davef@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Ferguson, David/C-9136-2013; Ferguson, David/B-2920-2010; Pyle, David/C-5707-2009; Wright, Tim/A-5892-2011; OI Pyle, David/0000-0002-2663-9940; Wright, Tim/0000-0001-8338-5935; Ferguson, David/0000-0003-0612-6512 FU NERC consortium grant [NE/E006469/1] FX We are grateful to various members of the Afar Rift Consortium (www.see.leeds.ac.uk/afar), particularly B. Hoffman, T. Barnie, J. Rowland and R. Pik. This work was supported by a NERC consortium grant (NE/E006469/1). NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 4 AR 1416 DI 10.1038/ncomms2410 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 112SV UT WOS:000316614600086 PM 23361007 ER PT J AU Loss, SR Will, T Marra, PP AF Loss, Scott R. Will, Tom Marra, Peter P. TI The impact of free-ranging domestic cats on wildlife of the United States SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRAP-NEUTER-RETURN; HOUSE CATS; PREDATION; ISLAND; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; AUSTRALIA; CANBERRA AB Anthropogenic threats, such as collisions with man-made structures, vehicles, poisoning and predation by domestic pets, combine to kill billions of wildlife annually. Free-ranging domestic cats have been introduced globally and have contributed to multiple wildlife extinctions on islands. The magnitude of mortality they cause in mainland areas remains speculative, with large-scale estimates based on non-systematic analyses and little consideration of scientific data. Here we conduct a systematic review and quantitatively estimate mortality caused by cats in the United States. We estimate that free-ranging domestic cats kill 1.4-3.7 billion birds and 6.9-20.7 billion mammals annually. Un-owned cats, as opposed to owned pets, cause the majority of this mortality. Our findings suggest that free-ranging cats cause substantially greater wildlife mortality than previously thought and are likely the single greatest source of anthropogenic mortality for US birds and mammals. Scientifically sound conservation and policy intervention is needed to reduce this impact. C1 [Loss, Scott R.; Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Will, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Midwest Reg Off, Bloomington, MN USA. RP Loss, SR (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk,POB 37012 MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM LossS@si.edu RI Loss, Scott/B-1504-2014 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute's Postdoctoral Fellowship programme FX S.R.L. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute's Postdoctoral Fellowship programme. P. Blancher provided insight for development of the model of cat predation magnitude, and R. Kays, C. Lepczyk and Y. van Heezik provided raw data from their publications. C. Machtans facilitated data sharing, and participants in the 2011 Society of Canadian Ornithologists' anthropogenic mortality of birds symposium provided context and perspectives. C. Lepczyk and P. Blancher provided comments on the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Smithsonian or US Fish and Wildlife Service. All data used for this analysis is available in the Supplementary Materials. NR 41 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 30 U2 336 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 4 AR 1396 DI 10.1038/ncomms2380 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 112SV UT WOS:000316614600066 PM 23360987 ER PT J AU Ge, Z AF Ge, Z. TI Significance tests for the wavelet power and the wavelet power spectrum (vol 25, pg 2259, 2007) SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Ge, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM zge@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2013 VL 31 IS 2 BP 315 EP 315 DI 10.5194/angeo-31-315-2013 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110IU UT WOS:000316436600016 ER PT J AU Ge, Z AF Ge, Z. TI Significance tests for the wavelet cross spectrum and wavelet linear coherence (vol 26, pg 3819, 2008) SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Ge, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM zge@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2013 VL 31 IS 2 BP 317 EP 317 DI 10.5194/angeo-31-317-2013 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110IU UT WOS:000316436600017 ER PT J AU Draut, AE Clift, PD AF Draut, Amy E. Clift, Peter D. TI Differential preservation in the geologic record of intraoceanic arc sedimentary and tectonic processes SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Sedimentary record; Oceanic island arc; Subduction zone; Arc-continent collision; Continental crust ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; OBLIQUE PLATE CONVERGENCE; CENTRAL ALEUTIAN ARC; SEISMIC-REFLECTION TRANSECT; SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES; TYRONE IGNEOUS COMPLEX; BISMARCK VOLCANIC ARC; OCEANIC ISLAND-ARC; INDUS SUTURE ZONE AB Records of ancient intraoceanic arc activity, now preserved in continental suture zones, are commonly used to reconstruct paleogeography and plate motion, and to understand how continental crust is formed, recycled, and maintained through time. However, interpreting tectonic and sedimentary records from ancient terranes after arc-continent collision is complicated by preferential preservation of evidence for some arc processes and loss of evidence for others. In this synthesis we examine what is lost, and what is preserved, in the translation from modern processes to the ancient record of intraoceanic arcs. Composition of accreted arc terranes differs as a function of arc-continent collision geometry. 'Forward-facing' collision can accrete an oceanic arc on to either a passive or an active continental margin, with the arc facing the continent and colliding trench- and forearc-side first. In a 'backward-facing' collision, involving two subduction zones with similar polarity, the arc collides backarc-first with an active continental margin. The preservation of evidence for contemporary sedimentary and tectonic arc processes in the geologic record depends greatly on how well the various parts of the arc survive collision and orogeny in each case. Preservation of arc terranes likely is biased towards those that were in a state of tectonic accretion for tens of millions of years before collision, rather than tectonic erosion. The prevalence of tectonic erosion in modern intraoceanic arcs implies that valuable records of arc processes are commonly destroyed even before the arc collides with a continent. Arc systems are most likely to undergo tectonic accretion shortly before forward-facing collision with a continent, and thus most forearc and accretionary-prism material in ancient arc terranes likely is temporally biased toward the final stages of arc activity, when sediment flux to the trench was greatest and tectonic accretion prevailed. Collision geometry and tectonic erosion vs. accretion are important controls on the ultimate survival of material from the trench, forearc, arc massif, intra-arc basins, and backarc basins, and thus on how well an ancient arc terrane preserves evidence for tectonic processes such as subduction of aseismic ridges and seamounts, oblique plate convergence, and arc rifting. Forward-facing collision involves substantial recycling, melting, and fractionation of continent-derived material during and after collision, and so produces melts rich in silica and incompatible trace elements. As a result, forward-facing collision can drive the composition of accreted arc crust toward that of average continental crust. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Draut, Amy E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Clift, Peter D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Draut, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM adraut@usgs.gov OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 NR 320 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 116 BP 57 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.11.003 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 106QE UT WOS:000316159000004 ER PT J AU Ben-Horin, T Lenihan, HS Lafferty, KD AF Ben-Horin, Tal Lenihan, Hunter S. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Variable intertidal temperature explains why disease endangers black abalone SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fade out; Haliotis cracherodii; infectious disease; local extinction; microclimate; temperature variation; time lag ID RICKETTSIALES-LIKE PROKARYOTE; HALIOTIS-CRACHERODII LEACH; WITHERING SYNDROME; RED ABALONE; CALIFORNIA ABALONE; INDUCED EXTINCTION; MASS MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RUFESCENS; TRANSMISSION AB Epidemiological theory suggests that pathogens will not cause host extinctions because agents of disease should fade out when the host population is driven below a threshold density. Nevertheless, infectious diseases have threatened species with extinction on local scales by maintaining high incidence and the ability to spread efficiently even as host populations decline. Intertidal black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii), but not other abalone species, went extinct locally throughout much of southern California following the emergence of a Rickettsiales-like pathogen in the mid-1980s. The rickettsial disease, a condition known as withering syndrome (WS), and associated mortality occur at elevated water temperatures. We measured abalone body temperatures in the field and experimentally manipulated intertidal environmental conditions in the laboratory, testing the influence of mean temperature and daily temperature variability on key epizootiological processes of WS. Daily temperature variability increased the susceptibility of black abalone to infection, but disease expression occurred only at warm water temperatures and was independent of temperature variability. These results imply that high thermal variation of the marine intertidal zone allows the pathogen to readily infect black abalone, but infected individuals remain asymptomatic until water temperatures periodically exceed thresholds modulating WS. Mass mortalities can therefore occur before pathogen transmission is limited by density-dependent factors. C1 [Ben-Horin, Tal; Lenihan, Hunter S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Ben-Horin, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM tbenhorin@bren.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU NOAA [NA08OAR4170669]; California Sea Grant Project through NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program, U.S. Department of Commerce [R/F 200A]; University of California Natural Reserve System FX We thank J. Moore and G. VanBlaricom for constructive discussions and L. Washburn for assistance with the analyses. K. P. Paaijmans and R. W. Day provided comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This publication was prepared under NOAA Grant #NA08OAR4170669, California Sea Grant Project #R/F 200A, through NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program, U.S. Department of Commerce; and was supported in part by a grant from the University of California Natural Reserve System. This work was performed in part at the University of California Natural Reserve System Santa Cruz Island Reserve on property owned and managed by The Nature Conservancy. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 83 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2013 VL 94 IS 1 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107AL UT WOS:000316186900018 PM 23600250 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF Seamans, TW Schmidt, PM DeVault, TL Belant, JL Whittingham, MJ Martin, JA Fernandez-Juricic, E AF Blackwell, Bradley F. Seamans, Thomas W. Schmidt, Paige M. DeVault, Travis L. Belant, Jerrold L. Whittingham, Mark J. Martin, James A. Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban TI A framework for managing airport grasslands and birds amidst conflicting priorities SO IBIS LA English DT Article ID STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; FARMLAND BIRDS; CANADA GEESE; CONSERVATION; HEIGHT; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; HABITATS; AIRCRAFT; PATTERNS C1 [Blackwell, Bradley F.; Seamans, Thomas W.; Schmidt, Paige M.; DeVault, Travis L.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Schmidt, Paige M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Tulsa, OK 74129 USA. [Belant, Jerrold L.; Martin, James A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Whittingham, Mark J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM Bradley.F.Blackwell@aphis.usda.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2013 VL 155 IS 1 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1111/ibi.12011 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 108WJ UT WOS:000316326600019 ER PT J AU Guerriero, L Revellino, P Coe, JA Focareta, M Grelle, G Albanese, V Corazza, A Guadagno, FM AF Guerriero, Luigi Revellino, Paola Coe, Jeffrey A. Focareta, Mariano Grelle, Gerardo Albanese, Vincenzo Corazza, Angelo Guadagno, Francesco M. TI Multi-temporal Maps of the Montaguto Earth Flow in Southern Italy from 1954 to 2010 SO JOURNAL OF MAPS LA English DT Article DE earth flow; kinematic; structure; landslide; Italy; Montaguto; hydrology; multi-temporal inventory ID LANDSLIDES; ELEMENTS AB Historical movement of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy has periodically destroyed residences and farmland, and damaged the Italian National Road SS90 and the Benevento-Foggia National Railway. This paper provides maps from an investigation into the evolution of the Montaguto earth flow from 1954 to 2010. We used aerial photos, topographic maps, LiDAR data, satellite images, and field observations to produce multi-temporal maps. The maps show the spatial and temporal distribution of back-tilted surfaces, flank ridges, and normal, thrust, and strike-slip faults. Springs, creeks, and ponds are also shown on the maps. The maps provide a basis for interpreting how basal and lateral boundary geometries influence earth-flow behavior and surface-water hydrology. C1 [Guerriero, Luigi; Revellino, Paola; Grelle, Gerardo; Guadagno, Francesco M.] Univ Sannio, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, Benevento, Italy. [Coe, Jeffrey A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Focareta, Mariano] Mediterranean Agcy Remote Sensing & Environm Cont, Benevento, Italy. [Albanese, Vincenzo; Corazza, Angelo] Dept Italian Civil Protect, Rome, Italy. RP Guerriero, L (reprint author), Univ Sannio, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, Benevento, Italy. EM luigi.guerriero@unisannio.it RI Revellino, Paola/I-8958-2012; OI Revellino, Paola/0000-0001-8303-8407; Guerriero, Luigi/0000-0002-5837-5409; Guadagno, Francesco Maria/0000-0001-5195-3758; grelle, gerardo/0000-0003-1128-5745; Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 FU Italian National Research Council, Research Institute of Hydrological Protection (CNR-IRPI) of Turin FX This research was financed by the emergency management fund of the Italian National Research Council, Research Institute of Hydrological Protection (CNR-IRPI) of Turin. We thank Domenico Calcaterra, Bill Schulz, Mario Parise, and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful, constructive reviews. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-5647 J9 J MAPS JI J. Maps PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1080/17445647.2013.765812 PG 11 WC Geography; Geography, Physical SC Geography; Physical Geography GA 106XN UT WOS:000316178600018 ER PT J AU Carty, D Bowker, JD AF Carty, Daniel Bowker, James D. TI A Terramycin 200 for Fish (44.09% Oxytetracycline Dihydrate) Treatment Regimen Proposed for the Fluorescent Marking of Rainbow Trout Vertebrae SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ALIZARIN-RED-S; GADUS-MORHUA L; SALMON; TETRACYCLINE; SUITABILITY; CALCEIN; FEED; FRY AB We evaluated the efficacy of a Terramycin 200 for Fish (TM200; 44.09% oxytetracycline [OTC] dihydrate) treatment regimen proposed for fluorescent marking of the vertebrae of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Test fish weighed 36.6 +/- 1.9g (mean +/- SD) at the start of treatment. The TM200-treated feed was administered to six tanks of fish at a target dosage of 82.7mg OTC center dot kg fish1 center dot d1 for 10 d, while nontreated control feed was administered to three tanks of fish (20 fish/tank in each treatment group). After a 22-d posttreatment period, vertebrae were extracted from all fish and were examined for fluorescent marks with a dissecting scope and ultraviolet light. The vertebrae of all treated fish were marked, whereas vertebrae of control fish were not marked. Consequently, the probability of marking success in treated tanks was significantly different from that in control tanks. The 95% CI for the proportion of treated tanks containing one or more nonmarked fish was 0.00 to 0.39. Analysis of treated feed samples revealed that the actual OTC dose administered to treated tanks was 73.4 +/- 0.1mg OTC center dot kg fish1 center dot d1 (mean +/- SD; 89% of target). The results indicate that the target TM200 treatment regimen administered in this study is suitable for the marking of Rainbow Trout vertebrae. Received April 23, 2012; accepted July 16, 2012 C1 [Carty, Daniel; Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Carty, D (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM dan_carty@fws.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.713898 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 100RH UT WOS:000315718500005 ER PT J AU Polinski, MP Jensen, NR Foltz, J Ireland, SC Cain, KD AF Polinski, Mark P. Jensen, Nathan R. Foltz, John Ireland, Susan C. Cain, Kenneth D. TI Hydrogen Peroxide Treatments Administered to Hatchery-Reared Burbot: Assessing Treatment Regimes from Embryonic Development through Juvenile Rearing SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN BURBOT; WATER TEMPERATURE; EGG INCUBATION; FISH; LARVAL; TOXICITY; L.; FORMALIN; EFFICACY; SALMON AB Burbot Lota lota is an emerging aquaculture species, in which fungal infestations during early life stage development are common. In this study, the tolerance of Burbot to external hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment regimes was examined during four early life stages to determine species and life stage-specific sensitivity. Yolk-sac larvae tolerated three 1-h treatments up to 250L/L H2O2 without significant reduction in survival. Preflexion larvae tolerated only 100L/L H2O2 before survival was affected. In both cases, decreased survival was only observed after administration of three consecutive treatments. Flexion larvae tolerated up to 250L/L H2O2, but by the juvenile stage sensitivity again increased to 100L/L H2O2 before survival was affected. In these latter stages, decreased survival was observed immediately following the first H2O2 treatment, suggesting a mechanism for toxicity that is different than that in previous life stages. As has previously been shown, H2O2 can be effective for controlling aquatic bacteria and fungus at or below 250L/L, and our results indicate that H2O2 concentrations currently used during Burbot egg incubation may be extended into the larval rearing stage for effective fungal control without negatively affecting survival of either eggs or newly hatched larvae. Additionally, treatment regimes may be continued through juvenile development for the purpose of controlling external pathogens in the hatchery production of Burbot. Received June 17, 2012; accepted September 1, 2012 C1 [Polinski, Mark P.; Jensen, Nathan R.; Foltz, John; Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Polinski, Mark P.; Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Tasmania, Natl Ctr Marine Conservat & Resource Sustainabil, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. [Jensen, Nathan R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Ireland, Susan C.] Kootenai Tribe Idaho, Bonners Ferry, ID 83805 USA. RP Cain, KD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Box 441136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM kcain@uidaho.edu FU Kootenai Tribe of Idaho; Bonneville Power Administration [30729, 37267, 198806400] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and the Bonneville Power Administration (contracts 30729, 37267; project 198806400). We thank the British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Kootenai Valley Resource Initiative for their ongoing cooperation, as well as Josh Egan and Ryan Johnson for their help during this study. We also thank Neil Ashton for his involvement and supervision for applying this research to a production scale. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.728184 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 100RH UT WOS:000315718500008 ER PT J AU Sealey, WM Gaylord, TG Toner, M Ilgen, J Fraser, WC Hooley, CG Barrows, FT AF Sealey, Wendy M. Gaylord, T. Gibson Toner, Matt Ilgen, Jason Fraser, W. C. Hooley, Christopher G. Barrows, Frederic T. TI Growth and Acute Temperature Tolerance of June Sucker Juveniles Fed Varying Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels With and Without Supplemental Dicalcium Phosphate SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FISH; METABOLISM; SALMON AB Reports from hatcheries have demonstrated that commercially available diets are inadequate for June Suckers Chasmistes liorus and suggest that fish quality can be improved through species-specific diet optimization. To determine dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile June Suckers, practical-type diets were formulated with 35, 40, or 45% protein and 8, 12, or 16% lipid and tested in a 3x3 factorial design. Two additional diets (45% protein and 16% lipid [45:16] without dicalcium phosphate supplementation and 45:16 with 2x dicalcium phosphate) were formulated to test the necessity of dicalcium phosphate supplementation. Each diet was fed to three replicate tanks (average initial fish weight +/- SD = 4.48 +/- 0.24g) of fish per treatment (85 fish/tank); only duplicate tanks were used for the nondicalcium phosphate-supplemented treatment. Fish were reared in 80-L tanks supplied with 4 L/min of 22 degrees C spring water and fed 64% body weight (BW)/d by automated belt feeders, 6 d/week. At the end of 12weeks of culture, tissue samples were obtained to determine nutrient partitioning. An acute temperature challenge was also conducted to investigate dietary adequacy. Significant effects of diet on growth and temperature tolerance were observed. Fish fed the diet with 45% crude protein gained more weight than did fish fed 40% or 35% crude protein, and fish fed 16% dietary lipid gained more weight than did fish fed 12% and 8% crude lipid. However, the composition of this growth indicated that fish fed the 16% lipid stored larger amounts of lipid in both the visceral cavity and the muscle. A significant negative interactive effect of dietary protein and lipid on temperature tolerance was observed at 45% crude protein and 16% lipid. Results of this study define acceptable ranges of dietary protein and lipid for juvenile June Suckers and provide culturists information to make better choices regarding appropriate diets for this species. Received June 19, 2012; accepted September 29, 2012 C1 [Sealey, Wendy M.; Gaylord, T. Gibson; Toner, Matt; Ilgen, Jason; Fraser, W. C.; Hooley, Christopher G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Trout Grains Project, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM wendy_sealey@fws.gov FU June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program FX The authors thank Jason Frost for his assistance with diet manufacturing and fish sampling. Funding for the study was provided, in part, by June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the authors, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 1 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.736449 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 100RH UT WOS:000315718500018 ER PT J AU Mordecai, EA Paaijmans, KP Johnson, LR Balzer, C Ben-Horin, T Moor, E McNally, A Pawar, S Ryan, SJ Smith, TC Lafferty, KD AF Mordecai, Erin A. Paaijmans, Krijn P. Johnson, Leah R. Balzer, Christian Ben-Horin, Tal Moor, Emilyde McNally, Amy Pawar, Samraat Ryan, Sadie J. Smith, Thomas C. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Optimal temperature for malaria transmission is dramatically lower than previously predicted SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Anopheles; climate change; disease ecology; malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; temperature ID GAMBIAE-SENSU-STRICTO; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; RISK; DEPENDENCE; FITNESS; MODEL; POPULATION AB The ecology of mosquito vectors and malaria parasites affect the incidence, seasonal transmission and geographical range of malaria. Most malaria models to date assume constant or linear responses of mosquito and parasite life-history traits to temperature, predicting optimal transmission at 31 degrees C. These models are at odds with field observations of transmission dating back nearly a century. We build a model with more realistic ecological assumptions about the thermal physiology of insects. Our model, which includes empirically derived nonlinear thermal responses, predicts optimal malaria transmission at 25 degrees C (6 degrees C lower than previous models). Moreover, the model predicts that transmission decreases dramatically at temperatures > 28 degrees C, altering predictions about how climate change will affect malaria. A large data set on malaria transmission risk in Africa validates both the 25 degrees C optimum and the decline above 28 degrees C. Using these more accurate nonlinear thermal-response models will aid in understanding the effects of current and future temperature regimes on disease transmission. C1 [Mordecai, Erin A.; Balzer, Christian; Smith, Thomas C.; Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Paaijmans, Krijn P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Merkle Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson, Leah R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ben-Horin, Tal] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Moor, Emilyde; McNally, Amy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pawar, Samraat] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ryan, Sadie J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Ryan, Sadie J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Div Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Mordecai, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM Mordecai@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Ryan, Sadie/H-1595-2012; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Ryan, Sadie/0000-0002-4308-6321; Pawar, Samraat/0000-0001-8375-5684; Johnson, Leah/0000-0002-9922-579X NR 53 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 16 U2 150 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.1111/ele.12015 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053UZ UT WOS:000312301300003 PM 23050931 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Boggs, CT Peery, CA Caudill, CC AF Keefer, Matthew L. Boggs, Charles T. Peery, Christopher A. Caudill, Christopher C. TI Factors affecting dam passage and upstream distribution of adult Pacific lamprey in the interior Columbia River basin SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE fishway; Lampetra tridentata; migration; passage efficiency; phenotype ID ENTOSPHENUS-TRIDENTATUS; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; SEA LAMPREYS; MIGRATION; USA; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; OREGON; PETROMYZONTIDAE; TRANSMITTERS AB Low dam passage rates of adult Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) during upstream spawning migration have been implicated in the species' steep decline in the interior Columbia River basin. In this 20002010 study, we used radiotelemetry to evaluate potential predictors of lamprey passage success at McNary Dam, located 469 river kilometres (rkm) from the Pacific Ocean. The tagged population included 276 lampreys collected at McNary Dam and 53 collected at Bonneville Dam (rkm 235) that migrated to McNary Dam. McNary Dam passage efficiency was similar for the two samples, with multiyear estimates of 0.65 and 0.75, respectively. Larger-bodied lampreys and those with earlier migration timing were more likely to return to McNary Dam after release, to pass the dam and to be detected upstream from McNary reservoir. Far more lampreys entered the upper Columbia River than the Snake River, suggesting that environmental cues (e.g., water discharge, temperature) or conspecific cues (e.g., pheromone concentrations) affect lamprey distribution above this large confluence. Overall, results indicate that Pacific lamprey passage success at barriers depends on a combination of individual lamprey traits plus seasonal and site-specific effects on behaviour. C1 [Keefer, Matthew L.; Boggs, Charles T.; Caudill, Christopher C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Peery, Christopher A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID USA. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank W. Daigle, D. Cummings, T. Dick, M. Friedman, E. Johnson, D. Joosten, S. Lee, M. Morasch, C. Noyes, D. Quaempts and P. Peterson (University of Idaho) for assistance with lamprey collection and tagging and antenna construction, installation and maintenance. J. Simonson and J. Moser (NOAA Fisheries, Pasco Research Station) fabricated and installed lamprey traps used in this study. T. Bjornn (University of Idaho) and M. Moser (NOAA Fisheries) conducted the 2000-2002 radiotelemetry studies. B. Burke and K. Frick (NOAA Fisheries) and T. Clabough and M. Jepson (University of Idaho) helped with radiotelemetry and HD PIT database maintenance and interpretation. We also thank the staff of Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission's Kennewick Field Office, especially D. Chase and D. Warf. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided funding for these studies. We thank D. Clugston, D. Fryer, B. Eby, M. Plummer and S. Tackley. Administrative assistance was provided by T. Ruhele, D. Dey and P. McAteer. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2012.00586.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 053WB UT WOS:000312304800001 ER PT J AU DeBoer, JA Pope, KL Koupal, KD AF DeBoer, Jason A. Pope, Kevin L. Koupal, Keith D. TI Environmental factors regulating the recruitment of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops in irrigation reservoirs SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE environmental factors; irrigation reservoir; recruitment; walleye; white bass ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; AGE-0 YELLOW PERCH; WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; GIZZARD SHAD; OVERWINTER MORTALITY; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; KANSAS RESERVOIRS; STRIPED BASS; ONEIDA-LAKE AB Understanding the environmental factors that regulate fish recruitment is essential for effective management of fisheries. Generally, first-year survival, and therefore recruitment, is inherently less consistent in systems with high intra- and interannual variability. Irrigation reservoirs display sporadic patterns of annual drawdown, which can pose a substantial challenge to recruitment of fishes. We developed species-specific models using an 18-year data set compiled from state and federal agencies to investigate variables that regulate the recruitment of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops in irrigation reservoirs in south-west Nebraska, USA. The candidate model set for walleye included only abiotic variables (water-level elevation, minimum daily air temperature during winter prior to hatching, annual precipitation, spring warming rate and May reservoir discharge), and the candidate model set for white bass included primarily biotic variables (catch per unit effort (CPUE) of black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, CPUE of age-0 walleye, CPUE of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and CPUE of age-3 and older white bass), each of which had a greater relative importance than the single abiotic variable (minimum daily air temperature during winter after hatching). Our findings improve the understanding of the recruitment of fishes in irrigation reservoirs and the relative roles of abiotic and biotic factors. C1 [DeBoer, Jason A.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Koupal, Keith D.] SW Field Off, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Kearney, NE USA. RP DeBoer, JA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM fish_hedd@yahoo.com RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project [F-174-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Caleb Huber, Brad Newcomb and Keith Hurley for providing gillnet catch data and T.J. Fontaine, Dustin Martin, Brenda Pracheil and Sarah Rehme for statistical assistance. We also thank T.J. Fontaine, Mark Pegg, Mike Quist, Justin VanDeHey, Mark Kaemingk, Chris Chizinski, Kent Fricke, Danielle Haak and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project F-174-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 93 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1111/eff.12000 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 053WB UT WOS:000312304800005 ER PT J AU Hatch, SA AF Hatch, Scott A. TI Kittiwake diets and chick production signal a 2008 regime shift in the Northeast Pacific SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Black-legged kittiwake; Steller sea lion; Forage fish; Capelin; Climate change; 60-year cycle; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Prey relative occurrence ID CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; CLIMATE OSCILLATIONS; SEABIRD POPULATIONS; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; SALMON PRODUCTION; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; LIFE-HISTORY; FORAGE FISH AB I examined similar to 2700 food samples collected from adult and nestling black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla from 1978 through 2011 on Middleton Island in the Gulf of Alaska. The kittiwake diet was composed chiefly of fish, but invertebrates were taken in appreciable quantities in April and May. Upon spring arrival at the colony, adult kittiwakes foraged regularly at night on vertically migrating mesopelagic prey-lanternfishes (Myctophidae), squids, crustaceans, and polychaetes-a behavior they largely discontinued by egg-laying. During incubation and chick-rearing, food samples contained mostly (similar to 85% by weight) Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, capelin Mallotus villosus, Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, sablefish Anopoploma fimbria, krill (Euphausiidae), and juvenile salmon Onchorynchus gorboscha and O. keta. A salient finding over the longitudinal study was the emergence, twice, of capelin as a dominant forage species-once in 2000 to 2003, and again in 2008 through 2011. Kittiwakes responded to capelin availability by producing markedly higher numbers of fledged young. The 2000 to 2003 event corresponded to a previously documented shift to cooler conditions in the NE Pacific, which apparently was relatively limited in magnitude or duration. The more recent transition appears stronger and may be more lasting. I submit that 2008 was an important turning point, marking a substantive reversal of warm conditions that began with the well-documented regime shift of 1977. That interpretation is consistent with the existence of a similar to 60 yr cycle in ocean and atmospheric conditions in the North Pacific. All else being equal, it predicts the next 20 to 30 yr will be favorable for species such as kittiwakes and Steller sea lions, which seemed to respond negatively to the 1977 to 2007 warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Hatch, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM shatch.isrc@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey FX Many volunteer and student field workers assisted in the collection of kittiwake diet samples and in productivity monitoring. I particularly thank the several camp leaders who supervised Middleton Island field work in 2 or more years: V. A. Gill, C. Sterne, N. A. Bargmann, A. M. Ramey, J. Kotzerka, T. van Nus, and L. Agdere. Special thanks also to B. S. Fadely for his contributions to kittiwake diet studies in 1989 to 1992. This project would not have been possible without unwavering support from the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 79 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 41 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 477 BP 271 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10161 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 103XR UT WOS:000315953300022 ER PT J AU Liu, RS Gourley, SA Deangelis, DL Bryant, JP AF Liu, Rongsong Gourley, Stephen A. Deangelis, Donald L. Bryant, John P. TI A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WOODY PLANT CHEMICAL DEFENSES AND SNOWSHOE HARE FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN BOREAL FORESTS: THE EFFECT OF AGE-DEPENDENT TOXICITY OF TWIG SEGMENTS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE plant-herbivore interactions; snowshoe hare; woody plants; plant chemical defense; boreal forest ecosystem; functional response; age-structured model; delay-differential equations; time lag; oscillations ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NPK FERTILIZATION; LEPUS-TIMIDUS; PAPER BIRCH; WINTER; FOOD; ALASKA; VEGETATION; NUTRITION; CYCLES AB We use two types of age-structured population models to study how the distribution of toxins among segments of the twigs of woody plants, by affecting the feeding behavior of snowshoe hares, might affect snowshoe hare population dynamics. In the first model a twig has N discrete toxin containing segments joined end to end. Depending on species these segments vary tremendously in length. Preferred browse species such as the deciduous shrub birch Betula glandulosa have a small number of long twig segments and defend only the youngest segments near the twig tip. Hares counter this defense by biting off a twig at an older segment, eating only the older segments and rejecting younger, more toxic attached segments. Twigs of less preferred foods, such as the juvenile developmental stages of the evergreen spruces Picea glauca and P. mariana, have an arrangement of toxin producing resin ducts along their twig's long axis that is best modeled using a large number of short segments. We also propose a continuous model as an alternative to the N-segment model in the case when N is large. For each model we determine completely the conditions for linear stability of the hare-extinct equilibrium. An important implication is that the most effective defense against hares is to defend twig segments of all diameters that a hare can eat, as does spruce. Numerical simulations of both models confirm and enhance our understanding of the dynamics of the interaction between woody plants and snowshoe hares. C1 [Liu, Rongsong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Math, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Liu, Rongsong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Gourley, Stephen A.] Univ Surrey, Dept Math, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Deangelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Deangelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Bryant, John P.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Liu, RS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Math, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM rliu@uwyo.edu; s.gourley@surrey.ac.uk; don_deangelis@usgs.gov; ffjpb@wyoming.com FU EPSCoR from the University of Wyoming; U.S. Geological Survey's Southeast Ecological Science Center; National Science Foundation [NSF-DMS-0920828] FX This author's work was supported by EPSCoR start-up funds from the University of Wyoming.; This author's work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Southeast Ecological Science Center and by National Science Foundation collaborative research grant NSF-DMS-0920828. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 21 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2013 VL 73 IS 1 BP 281 EP 304 DI 10.1137/110848219 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 098XC UT WOS:000315581400014 ER PT J AU Gilmanov, TG Wylie, BK Tieszen, LL Meyers, TP Baron, VS Bernacchi, CJ Billesbach, DP Burba, GG Fischer, ML Glenn, AJ Hanan, NP Hatfield, JL Heuer, MW Hollinger, SE Howard, DM Matamala, R Prueger, JH Tenuta, M Young, DG AF Gilmanov, Tagir G. Wylie, Bruce K. Tieszen, Larry L. Meyers, Tilden P. Baron, Vern S. Bernacchi, Carl J. Billesbach, David P. Burba, George G. Fischer, Marc L. Glenn, Aaron J. Hanan, Niall P. Hatfield, Jerry L. Heuer, Mark W. Hollinger, Steven E. Howard, Daniel M. Matamala, Roser Prueger, John H. Tenuta, Mario Young, David G. TI CO2 uptake and ecophysiological parameters of the grain crops of midcontinent North America: Estimates from flux tower measurements SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Net CO2 exchange partitioning; Gross photosynthesis; VPD limitation of photosynthesis; CO2 sink; Maize; Wheat ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; LIGHT-RESPONSE PARAMETERS; NO-TILL ECOSYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; USE EFFICIENCY; EDDY COVARIANCE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SURFACE-ENERGY AB We analyzed net CO2 exchange data from 13 flux tower sites with 27 site-years of measurements over maize and wheat fields across midcontinent North America. A numerically robust "light-soil temperature-VPD"-based method was used to partition the data into photosynthetic assimilation and ecosystem respiration components. Year-round ecosystem-scale ecophysiological parameters of apparent quantum yield, photosynthetic capacity, convexity of the light response, respiration rate parameters, ecological light-use efficiency, and the curvature of the VPD-response of photosynthesis for maize and wheat crops were numerically identified and interpolated/extrapolated. This allowed us to gap-fill CO2 exchange components and calculate annual totals and budgets. VPD-limitation of photosynthesis was systematically observed in grain crops of the region (occurring from 20 to 120 days during the growing season, depending on site and year), determined by the VPD regime and the numerical value of the curvature parameter of the photosynthesis-VPD-response, sigma(VPD). In 78% of the 27 site-years of observations, annual gross photosynthesis in these crops significantly exceeded ecosystem respiration, resulting in a net ecosystem production of up to 2100 g CO2 m(-2) year(-1). The measurement-based photosynthesis, respiration, and net ecosystem production data, as well as the estimates of the ecophysiological parameters, provide an empirical basis for parameterization and validation of mechanistic models of grain crop production in this economically and ecologically important region of North America. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gilmanov, Tagir G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.; Tieszen, Larry L.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.; Heuer, Mark W.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Baron, Vern S.] Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Billesbach, David P.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Burba, George G.] LI COR Biosci, Adv R&D, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Sustainable Energy Syst Grp, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glenn, Aaron J.] Agr & Food Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. [Hanan, Niall P.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.] Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Heuer, Mark W.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hollinger, Steven E.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Howard, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Prueger, John H.] Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Soil Water & Air Resources Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tenuta, Mario] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Canada Res Chair Appl Soil Ecol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Young, David G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Crop & Soils Res Sect, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. RP Gilmanov, TG (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM tagir.gilmanov@sdstate.edu; wylie@usgs.gov; llt@sio.midco.net; tilden.meyers@noaa.gov; vern.baron@agr.gc.ca; bernacch@illinois.edu; dbillesbach1@unl.edu; george.burba@licor.com; mlfischer@lbl.gov; aaron.glenn@agr.gc.ca; niall.hanan@sdstate.edu; jerry.hatfield@ars.usda.gov; mark.heuer@noaa.gov; hoboinc87@comcast.net; dhoward@usgs.gov; matamala@anl.gov; john.prueger@ars.usda.gov; mario.tenuta@ad.umanitoba.ca; david.young@agr.gc.ca RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Burba, George/G-9991-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Burba, George/0000-0003-2095-0057; Baron, Vern/0000-0001-5725-9230; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X; Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538 FU USGS [G10PC00044]; USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring program; South Dakota Corn Utilization Council; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed under USGS contract G10PC00044 and funding was provided by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring program. This work was also supported in part by the grant from the South Dakota Corn Utilization Council. Measurements at the US-ARM site were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. We thank Ameriflux database supervisor Dr. Thomas Boden and Ameriflux contributors Drs. J. Baker, T. Griffis, A. Suyker, and S. Verma for assistance with the data needs of this project. NR 65 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 164 BP 162 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2012.09.017 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 097KM UT WOS:000315473000015 ER PT J AU Wells, RS Fougeres, EM Cooper, AG Stevens, RO Brodsky, M Lingenfelser, R Dold, C Douglas, DC AF Wells, Randall S. Fougeres, Erin M. Cooper, Arthur G. Stevens, Robert O. Brodsky, Micah Lingenfelser, Robert Dold, Chris Douglas, David C. TI Movements and Dive Patterns of Short-Finned Pilot Whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) Released from a Mass Stranding in the Florida Keys SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE short-finned pilot whale; Globicephala macrorhynchus; satellite-linked telemetry; dolphin tags; marine mammal rescue and rehabilitation; health assessment; mass stranding ID NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; BEHAVIOR; MELAS; SEA AB Short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) are among the most common cetaceans to engage in mass strandings in the southeastern United States. Because these are primarily pelagic, continental shelf-edge animals, much of what is known about this species has derived from mass stranding events. Post-release monitoring via satellite-linked telemetry was conducted with two adult males determined on-site to be healthy, and released directly from a mass stranding of 23 pilot whales in May 2011, near Cudjoe Key, Florida. Tracking provided an opportunity to evaluate the decision for immediate release vs rehabilitation, and to learn more about the lives of members of this difficult-to-study species in the wild. The two pilot whales remained together for at least 16 d before transmissions from one pilot whale (Y-404) ceased. Dive patterns and travel rates suggested that Y-404's condition deteriorated prior to signal loss. Pilot Whale Y-400 was tracked for another 51 d, moving from the Blake Plateau to the Greater Antilles, remaining in the Windward Passage east of Cuba for the last 17 d of tracking. Once he reached the Antilles, Y-400 remained in high-relief habitat appropriate for the species and made dives within or exceeding the reported range for depth and duration for this species, following expected diel patterns, presumably reflecting continued good health. Telemetry data indicate that he made at least one dive to 1,000 to 1,500 m, and several dives lasted more than 40 min. Although the fates of the two released pilot whales may have been different, the concept of evaluating health and releasing individuals determined to be healthy at the time of stranding appears to have merit as an alternative to bringing all members of mass-stranded pilot whale groups into rehabilitation. C1 [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Fougeres, Erin M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Cooper, Arthur G.; Stevens, Robert O.; Lingenfelser, Robert] Marine Mammal Conservancy, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. [Brodsky, Micah] VMD Consulting, Micah Brodsky, Miami Shores, FL 33133 USA. [Dold, Chris] SeaWorld Pk & Entertainment, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Wells, RS (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM rwells@mote.org FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10NMF4390246] FX Tagging was performed under Article IV.B.1.c. of the Stranding Agreement between the Marine Mammal Conservancy and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Southeast Region under approval from the NMFS Southeast Region Stranding Coordinator. We appreciate the efforts of the many individuals and organizations responding to the Cudjoe Key mass stranding, including Stephen Werndli and staff from the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, the U. S. Coast Guard, Adventure Environmental, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, and U. S. Navy Seabees - Key West. The follow-up monitoring of the pilot whales was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program Award No. NA10NMF4390246. Sarasota Dolphin Research Program staff Aaron Barleycorn assisted with tag preparations, and Katherine McHugh and Sunnie Hart helped with data processing and analyses. The manuscript benefited greatly from the reviews of an early draft by Katherine McHugh and Brian Balmer. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 54 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1578/AM.39.1.2013.61 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 097JN UT WOS:000315469900005 ER PT J AU Rigge, M Wylie, B Gu, YX Belnap, J Phuyal, K Tieszen, L AF Rigge, Matthew Wylie, Bruce Gu, Yingxin Belnap, Jayne Phuyal, Khem Tieszen, Larry TI Monitoring the status of forests and rangelands in the Western United States using ecosystem performance anomalies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; RIVER-BASIN; REGRESSION TREES; GREAT-PLAINS; GRASSLANDS; SAGEBRUSH; CLIMATE; NDVI; USA; DEGRADATION AB The effects of land management and disturbance on ecosystem performance (i.e. biomass production) are often confounded by those of weather and site potential. The current study overcomes this issue by calculating the difference between actual and expected ecosystem performance (EEP) to generate ecosystem performance anomalies (EPA). This study aims to delineate and quantify average EPA from 20002009 within the Greater Platte and Upper Colorado River Basins, USA. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images averaged over the growing season (GSN) served as a proxy of actual ecosystem performance. Yearly EEP was determined with rule-based piecewise regression tree models of abiotic data (climate, soils, elevation, etc.), independently created for each land cover. EPA were calculated as the residuals of the EEP to GSN relationship, and characterized as normal performing, underperforming, and overperforming at the 90% confidence level. Validation revealed that EPA values were related to biomass production (R 2=0.56, P=0.02) and likely to the proportion of biomass removed by livestock in the Nebraska Sandhills. Overall, 60.6% of the study area was (normal) performing near its EEP, 3.0% was severely underperforming, 5.0% was highly overperforming, and the remainder was slightly underperforming or overperforming. Generally, disturbances such as fires, floods, and insect damage, in addition to high grazing intensity, result in a negative EPA. Conversely, mature stands and appropriate management often result in positive EPA values. This method provides information critical to land managers to evaluate the appropriateness of previous management practices and restoration efforts and quantify disturbance impacts. Results are at a scale sufficient for many of the large management units of the region and for locating areas needing further investigation. Applications of EPA data to monitoring invasive species, grazing impacts, and vulnerability to plant community shifts have been suggested by land management professionals. C1 [Rigge, Matthew; Gu, Yingxin] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Arctic Slope Reg Corp Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce; Phuyal, Khem; Tieszen, Larry] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Rigge, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Arctic Slope Reg Corp Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM mrigge@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Rigge, Matthew/0000-0003-4471-8009; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) Climate Effects Network; USGS [G08PC91508, G10PC00044] FX This study was funded by United States Geological Survey (USGS) Climate Effects Network, Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program, Land Remote Sensing Program, and Geological Division Biofuels Program. Work was performed under USGS contracts G08PC91508 and G10PC00044. The authors would like to thank C. Homer et al. for allowing us use of their bare ground cover data. We also thank E. Fosnight and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 11 BP 4049 EP 4068 DI 10.1080/01431161.2013.772311 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 096DO UT WOS:000315384500019 ER PT J AU Todorov, TI Ejnik, JW Guandalini, G Xu, HN Hoover, D Anderson, L Squibb, K McDiarmid, MA Centeno, JA AF Todorov, Todor I. Ejnik, John W. Guandalini, Gustavo Xu, Hanna Hoover, Dennis Anderson, Larry Squibb, Katherine McDiarmid, Melissa A. Centeno, Jose A. TI Uranium quantification in semen by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Uranium; ICP-MS; Semen ID IMPLANTED DEPLETED URANIUM; ICP-MS; URINE; SPERM; ZINC; EXPOSURE; MOTILITY; BLOOD; INFERTILITY; CADMIUM AB In this study we report uranium analysis for human semen samples. Uranium quantification was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. No additives, such as chymotrypsin or bovine serum albumin, were used for semen liquefaction, as they showed significant uranium content. For method validation we spiked 2 g aliquots of pooled control semen at three different levels of uranium: low at 5 pg/g, medium at 50 pg/g, and high at 1000 pg/g. The detection limit was determined to be 0.8 pg/g uranium in human semen. The data reproduced within 1.4-7% RSD and spike recoveries were 97-100%. The uranium level of the unspiked, pooled control semen was 2.9 pg/g of semen (n = 10). In addition six semen samples from a cohort of Veterans exposed to depleted uranium (DU) in the 1991 Gulf War were analyzed with no knowledge of their exposure history. Uranium levels in the Veterans' semen samples ranged from undetectable (<0.8 pg/g) to 3350 pg/g. This wide concentration range for uranium in semen is consistent with known differences in current DU body burdens in these individuals, some of whom have retained embedded DU fragments. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Todorov, Todor I.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ejnik, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. [Guandalini, Gustavo; Xu, Hanna; Centeno, Jose A.] Joint Pathol Ctr, Depleted Uranium & Embedded Fragment Lab, Div Biophys Toxicol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hoover, Dennis; Anderson, Larry] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Squibb, Katherine; McDiarmid, Melissa A.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Todorov, TI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, POB 25046,DFC,Bldg 20,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ttodorov@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0946-672X J9 J TRACE ELEM MED BIO JI J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 2 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.07.004 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 097MH UT WOS:000315477700001 PM 22944582 ER PT J AU Lovvorn, JR De La Cruz, SEW Takekawa, JY Shaskey, LE Richman, SE AF Lovvorn, James R. De La Cruz, Susan E. W. Takekawa, John Y. Shaskey, Laura E. Richman, Samantha E. TI Niche overlap, threshold food densities, and limits to prey depletion for a diving duck assemblage in an estuarine bay SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Carrying capacity; Foraging energetics models; San Francisco Bay benthos; San Pablo Bay; Surf scoter; Greater scaup; Lesser scaup; Corbula amurensis ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; CRAB CANCER-MAGISTER; CARRYING-CAPACITY; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; WINTERING SHOREBIRDS; THERMAL SUBSTITUTION; WHITE STURGEON; CHESAPEAKE BAY AB Planning for marine conservation often requires estimates of the amount of habitat needed to support assemblages of interacting species. During winter in subtidal San Pablo Bay, California, the 3 main diving duck species are lesser scaup Aythya affinis (LESC), greater scaup A. marila (GRSC), and surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata (SUSC), which all feed almost entirely on the bivalve Corbula amurensis. Decreased body mass and fat, increased foraging effort, and major departures of these birds appeared to result from food limitation. Broad overlap in prey size, water depth, and location suggested that the 3 species responded similarly to availability of the same prey. However, an energetics model that accounts for differing body size, locomotor mode, and dive behavior indicated that each species will become limited at different stages of prey depletion in the order SUSC, then GRSC, then LESC. Depending on year, 35 to 66% of the energy in Corbula standing stocks was below estimated threshold densities for profitable foraging. Ectothermic predators, especially flounders and sturgeons, could reduce excess carrying capacity for different duck species by 4 to 10%. A substantial quantity of prey above profitability thresholds was not exploited before most ducks left San Pablo Bay. Such pre-depletion departure has been attributed in other taxa to foraging aggression. However, in these diving ducks that showed no overt aggression, this pattern may result from high costs of locating all adequate prey patches, resulting reliance on existing flocks to find food, and propensity to stay near dense flocks to avoid avian predation. For interacting species assemblages, modeling profitability thresholds can indicate the species most vulnerable to food declines. However, estimates of total habitat needed require better understanding of factors affecting the amount of prey above thresholds that is not depleted before the predators move elsewhere. C1 [Lovvorn, James R.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lovvorn, James R.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [De La Cruz, Susan E. W.; Takekawa, John Y.; Shaskey, Laura E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Richman, Samantha E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Coastal Inst Kingston 105, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Lovvorn, JR (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM lovvorn@siu.edu FU US Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; San Francisco Foundation; US Geological Survey Coastal Ecosystems Program; CalFed Ecosystem Resto ration Program; Selma Herr Family Foundation; San Francisco Bay Joint Venture FX We are grateful for data on Corbula densities provided by the California Department of Water Resources, Interagency Environmental Program/Environmental Monitoring Program. We especially thank J. K. Thompson for facilitating our access to those data, and for invaluable advice and insights. A. Rowan compiled benthic data sets, A. K. Miles provided guidance in the laboratory and field, and J. K. Thompson and M. W. Eichholz reviewed the manuscript. We thank J. M. Eadie, L. Vicenzio, C. Marn, D. Whitworth, K. Claypool, S. Flatland, K. Kruse, S. Spring, R. Rounds, E. Denbo, B. Sauer, R. Laird, M. Eagan, N. Far neau, S. Lundstrom, C. Spiegel, C. Dodd, J. Wasley, J. Sei fried, C. Tarwater, D. Gaube, C. Kereki, J. Chastant, H. Goyert, L. Naylor, J. Anhalt, L. Terazzas, E. Palm, J. Northrup, M. Wilson, P. Gibbons, C. Scott, P. Gabriel, and C. Salido for assistance on field projects. This research was funded by the US Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and a grant from the San Francisco Foundation administered by Oikonos (H. Nevins, M. Hester). Field work was supported by the US Geological Survey Coastal Ecosystems Program, the CalFed Ecosystem Resto ration Program, the Selma Herr Family Foundation, and the San Francisco Bay Joint Venture. All collections and radio-marking of diving ducks were done under guidance of the US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee, with permits from California Department of Fish and Game (SCP 003855), US Fish and Wildlife Service (MB 102896), and US Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory (22911). Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply US Government endorsement. NR 85 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 49 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 476 BP 251 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10104 PG 27 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 097HZ UT WOS:000315465900019 ER PT J AU Slone, DH Reid, JP Kenworthy, WJ AF Slone, Daniel H. Reid, James P. Kenworthy, W. Judson TI Mapping spatial resources with GPS animal telemetry: foraging manatees locate seagrass beds in the Ten Thousand Islands, Florida, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Zero-inflated negative binomial; ZINB; Kernel density filter; Geographic information system; GIS; ARGOS satellite; Foraging ecology; Spatial pattern ID HALOPHILA-DECIPIENS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT SELECTION; LIGHT; GULF AB Turbid water conditions make the delineation and characterization of benthic habitats difficult by traditional in situ and remote sensing methods. Here, we develop and validate modeling and sampling methodology for detecting and characterizing seagrass beds by analyzing GPS telemetry records from radio-tagged manatees. Between October 2002 and October 2005, 14 manatees were tracked in the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) in southwest Florida (USA) using Global Positioning System (GPS) tags. High density manatee use areas were found to occur off each island facing the open, nearshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico. We implemented a spatially stratified random sampling plan and used a camera-based sampling technique to observe and record bottom observations of seagrass and macroalgae presence and abundance. Five species of seagrass were identified in our study area: Halodule wrightii, Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme, Halophila engelmannii, and Halophila decipiens. A Bayesian model was developed to choose and parameterize a spatial process function that would describe the observed patterns of seagrass and macroalgae. The seagrasses were found in depths <2 m and in the higher manatee use strata, whereas macroalgae was found at moderate densities at all sampled depths and manatee use strata. The manatee spatial data showed a strong association with seagrass beds, a relationship that increased seagrass sampling efficiency. Our camera-based field sampling proved to be effective for assessing seagrass density and spatial coverage under turbid water conditions, and would be an effective monitoring tool to detect changes in seagrass beds. C1 [Slone, Daniel H.; Reid, James P.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NCCOS, NOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Slone, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM dslone@usgs.gov OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727; Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132 FU Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge [401818 N510]; Everglades National Park [F5297-09-0063] FX We thank S. Butler and T. Green for their dedicated fieldwork and several reviewers for their helpful edits. Studies were conducted under Federal Fish and Wildlife Permit MA791721 and National Park Service Scientific Research and Collecting Permit EVER-2007-SCI-0049, both issued to USGS/Sirenia Project. Fieldwork was supported by USGS, The Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, NOAA, and Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge under Agreement No. 401818 N510. Analysis was supported by Everglades National Park under Agreement No. F5297-09-0063. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 69 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 476 BP 285 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10156 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 097HZ UT WOS:000315465900021 ER PT J AU Andrews, JT Kristjansdottir, GB Eberl, DD Jennings, AE AF Andrews, John T. Kristjansdottir, Greta B. Eberl, Dennis D. Jennings, Anne E. TI A quantitative x-ray diffraction inventory of volcaniclastic inputs into the marine sediment archives off Iceland: a contribution to the Volcanoes in the Arctic System programme SO POLAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; tephras; Iceland Holocene ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; LATE QUATERNARY; EAST GREENLAND; ASH LAYERS; HOLOCENE SEDIMENT; TEPHRA MARKERS; ICE CORE; TEPHROCHRONOLOGY; SHELF; RECORD AB This paper re-evaluates how well quantitative x-ray diffraction (qXRD) can be used as an exploratory method of the weight percentage (wt%) of volcaniclastic sediment, and to identify tephra events in marine cores. In the widely used RockJock v6 software programme, qXRD tephra and glass standards include the rhyodacite White River tephra (Alaska), a rhyolitic tephra (Hekla-4) and the basaltic Saksunarvatn tephra. Experiments of adding known wt% of tephra to felsic bedrock samples indicated that additions >= 10 wt% are accurately detected, but reliable estimates of lesser amounts are masked by amorphous material produced by milling. Volcaniclastic inputs range between 20 and 50 wt%. Primary tephra events are identified as peaks in residual qXRD glass wt% from fourth-order polynomial fits. In cores where tephras have been identified by shard counts in the >150 mu m fraction, there is a positive correlation (validation) with peaks in the wt% glass estimated by qXRD. Geochemistry of tephra shards confirms the presence of several Hekla-sourced tephras in cores B997-317PC1 and -319PC2 on the northern Iceland shelf. In core B997-338 (north-west Iceland), there are two rhyolitic tephras separated by ca. 100 cm with uncorrected radiocarbon dates on articulated shells of around 13 000 yr B. P. These tephras may be correlatives of the Borrobol and Penifiler tephras found in Scotland. The number of Holocene tephra events per 1000 yr was estimated from qXRD on 16 cores and showed a bimodal distribution with an increased number of events in both the late and early Holocene. C1 [Andrews, John T.; Kristjansdottir, Greta B.; Jennings, Anne E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kristjansdottir, Greta B.] Univ Iceland, Sch Engn & Nat Sci, VR II, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Eberl, Dennis D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Andrews, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, POB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM andrewsj@colorado.edu FU US National Science Foundation [ATM-9531397, 052515, OCE-9809001, OPP 0326776, 0714074]; Icelandic Centre for Research [981870098, 981870099]; Fulbright student grant; American Association of University Women student grant FX The majority of the cores and grab samples cores were collected in 1997 and 1999 on cruises of Bjarni Saemundsson and Marion Dufresne. This work has been supported by a variety of grants from the US National Science Foundation, including grants ATM-9531397 and 052515, OCE-9809001 and OPP 0326776 and 0714074, and the Icelandic Centre for Research. GBK's research was supported by the Icelandic Centre for Research grants nos. 981870098 and 981870099 to Dr A. Geirsdottir and an Icelandic Centre for Research Student Grant, Fulbright student grant and American Association of University Women student grant. We greatly appreciate the comments of Dr H. Haflidason and R. Bradley on an initial draft. We also appreciate the comments and suggestions of two reviewers on the original submitted version of this manuscript, and a further two reviewers on the revised manuscript. On publication all the data in this paper will be submitted to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's palaeoclimate database (www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/data.html). NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 26 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0800-0395 EI 1751-8369 J9 POLAR RES JI Polar Res. PY 2013 VL 32 AR 11130 DI 10.3402/polar.v32i0.11130 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography GA 098QN UT WOS:000315563900001 ER PT J AU Boves, TJ Buehler, DA Sheehan, J Wood, PB Rodewald, AD Larkin, JL Keyser, PD Newell, FL Evans, A George, GA Wigley, TB AF Boves, Than J. Buehler, David A. Sheehan, James Wood, Petra Bohall Rodewald, Amanda D. Larkin, Jeffrey L. Keyser, Patrick D. Newell, Felicity L. Evans, Andrea George, Gregory A. Wigley, T. B. TI SPATIAL VARIATION IN BREEDING HABITAT SELECTION BY CERULEAN WARBLERS (SETOPHAGA CERULEA) THROUGHOUT THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS SO AUK LA English DT Article DE behavioral plasticity; breeding behavior; conservation biology; Dendroica cerulea; floristics; geographic variation; multiscale habitat selection; nonadaptive behavior; Setophaga cerulea ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; SIMULTANEOUS CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; MULTINOMIAL PROPORTIONS; FARMLAND BIRDS; PREDATION; PATTERNS; FOREST; CONSERVATION; GROWTH; SCALE AB Studies of habitat selection are often of limited utility because they focus on small geographic areas, fail to examine behavior at multiple scales, or lack an assessment of the fitness consequences of habitat decisions. These limitations can hamper the identification of successful site-specific management strategies, which are urgently needed for severely declining species like Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea). We assessed how breeding habitat decisions made by Cerulean Warblers at multiple scales, and the subsequent effects of these decisions on nest survival, varied across the Appalachian Mountains. Selection for structural habitat features varied substantially among areas, particularly at the territory scale. Males within the least-forested landscapes selected microhabitat features that reflected more closed-canopy forest conditions, whereas males in highly forested landscapes favored features associated with canopy disturbance. Selection of nest-patch and nest-site attributes by females was more consistent across areas, with females selecting for increased tree size and understory cover and decreased basal area and midstory cover. Floristic preferences were similar across study areas: White Oak (Quercus alba), Cucumber-tree (Magnolia acuminata), and Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) were preferred as nest trees, whereas red oak species (subgenus Erythrobalanus) and Red Maple (A. rubrum) were avoided. The habitat features that were related to nest survival also varied among study areas, and preferred features were negatively associated with nest survival at one area. Thus, our results indicate that large-scale spatial heterogeneity may influence local habitat-selection behavior and that it may be necessary to articulate site-specific management strategies for Cerulean Warblers. Received 4 June 2012, accepted 9 November 2012. C1 [Boves, Than J.; Buehler, David A.; Keyser, Patrick D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. [Sheehan, James; George, Gregory A.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Rodewald, Amanda D.; Newell, Felicity L.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Larkin, Jeffrey L.; Evans, Andrea] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Wigley, T. B.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [George, Gregory A.] Delaware Valley Coll, Dept Biol, Doylestown, PA 18901 USA. RP Boves, TJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tboves@illinois.edu RI Rodewald, Amanda/I-6308-2016 OI Rodewald, Amanda/0000-0002-6719-6306 FU Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries at the University of Tennessee; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; School of the Environment and Natural Resources at Ohio State University; Department of Biology at Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Ohio Division of Wildlife; Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources Wildlife Diversity Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2005-0064-000, 2006-0042-000, 2007-0004-000, 2008-0009-000]; Nature Conservancy through a USFWS; MeadWestvaco Corporation; U.S. Forest Service; IACUC protocols from Ohio State University [2004A0047, 2007A0015, 2010A0003]; West Virginia University [04-0302, 07-0303]; University of Tennessee [561] FX We thank the many hard-working field assistants who made this research successful. We thank D. A. Buckley, T. M. Freeberg, L. M. Siefferman, C. M. Lituma, C. M. Rogers, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported and funded by the Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries at the University of Tennessee; the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; the School of the Environment and Natural Resources at Ohio State University; the Department of Biology at Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Ohio Division of Wildlife; Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources Wildlife Diversity Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grant nos. 2005-0064-000, 2006-0042-000, 2007-0004-000, and 2008-0009-000); The Nature Conservancy (through a USFWS Habitat Conservation Plan planning grant with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency); MeadWestvaco Corporation; and U.S. Forest Service. Banding in Tennessee was conducted under USGS banding permit no. 22585, in Ohio under permit no. 22272, and in West Virginia under permit no. 23412. This study was completed under the auspices of IACUC protocols from Ohio State University (nos. 2004A0047, 2007A0015, and 2010A0003), West Virginia University (nos. 04-0302, 07-0303), and University of Tennessee (no. 561). Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the Federal Government. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 64 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2013 VL 130 IS 1 BP 46 EP 59 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.12104 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 091RZ UT WOS:000315068800006 ER PT J AU Ruthrauff, DR Dekinga, A Gill, RE Piersma, T AF Ruthrauff, Daniel R. Dekinga, Anne Gill, Robert E., Jr. Piersma, Theunis TI IDENTICAL METABOLIC RATE AND THERMAL CONDUCTANCE IN ROCK SANDPIPER (CALIDRIS PTILOCNEMIS) SUBSPECIES WITH CONTRASTING NONBREEDING LIFE HISTORIES SO AUK LA English DT Article DE basal metabolic rate; BMR; Calidris ptilocnemis; metabolic rate; phenotypic flexibility; Rock Sandpiper; shorebirds; temperature effects; thermal conductance ID DISTANCE MIGRANT SHOREBIRD; AFFECTS FORAGING DECISIONS; RED KNOTS; SEASONAL ACCLIMATIZATION; CLIMATIC ADAPTATION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; CARDUELINE FINCHES; BODY-COMPOSITION; ORGAN SIZE; BASAL AB Closely related species or subspecies can exhibit metabolic differences that reflect site-specific environmental conditions. Whether such differences represent fixed traits or flexible adjustments to local conditions, however, is difficult to predict across taxa. The nominate race of Rock Sandpiper (Calidris ptilocnemis) exhibits the most northerly nonbreeding distribution of any shorebird in the North Pacific, being common during winter in cold, dark locations as far north as upper Cook Inlet, Alaska (61 degrees N). By contrast, the tschuktschorum subspecies migrates to sites ranging from about 59 degrees N to more benign locations as far south as similar to 37 degrees N. These distributional extremes exert contrasting energetic demands, and we measured common metabolic parameters in the two subspecies held under identical laboratory conditions to determine whether differences in these parameters are reflected by their nonbreeding life histories. Basal metabolic rate and thermal conductance did not differ between subspecies, and the subspecies had a similar metabolic response to temperatures below their thermoneutral zone. Relatively low thermal conductance values may, however, reflect intrinsic metabolic adaptations to northerly latitudes. In the absence of differences in basic metabolic parameters, the two subspecies' nonbreeding distributions will likely be more strongly influenced by adaptations to regional variation in ecological factors such as prey density, prey quality, and foraging habitat. Received 19 April 2012, accepted 4 September 2012. C1 [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Gill, Robert E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Dekinga, Anne; Piersma, Theunis] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. RP Ruthrauff, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM druthrauff@usgs.gov RI Piersma, Theunis/D-1871-2012 NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2013 VL 130 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.12081 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 091RZ UT WOS:000315068800007 ER PT J AU White, CM Sonsthagen, SA Sage, GK Anderson, C Talbot, SL AF White, Clayton M. Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Sage, George K. Anderson, Clifford Talbot, Sandra L. TI GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SOME SUBSPECIES OF THE PEREGRINE FALCON (FALCO PEREGRINUS L.), INFERRED FROM MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Falco peregrinus; mitochondrial DNA; Peregrine Falcon; phylogeny; subspecies differences ID POPULATION-GROWTH; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; PERSPECTIVE; DIVERGENCE; NEUTRALITY; TESTS; MODEL; TIME AB The ability to successfully colonize and persist in diverse environments likely requires broad morphological and behavioral plasticity and adaptability, and this may partly explain why the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) exhibits a large range of morphological characteristics across their global distribution. Regional and local differences within Peregrine Falcons were sufficiently variable that 75 subspecies have been described; many were subsumed, and currently 19 are generally recognized. We used sequence information from the control region of the mitochondrial genome to test for concordance between genetic structure and representatives of 12 current subspecies and from two areas where subspecies distributions overlap. Haplotypes were broadly shared among subspecies, and all geographic locales shared a widely distributed common haplotype (FalconCR2). Haplotypes were distributed in a star-like phylogeny, consistent with rapid expansion of a recently derived species, with observed genetic patterns congruent with incomplete lineage sorting and/or differential rates of evolution on morphology and neutral genetic characters. Hierarchical analyses of molecular variance did not uncover genetic partitioning at the continental level, despite strong population-level structure (F-ST = 0.228). Similar analyses found weak partitioning, albeit significant, among subspecies (F-CT = 0.138). All reconstructions placed the hierofalcons' (Gyrfalcon [F. rusticolus] and Saker Falcon [F. cherrug]) haplotypes in a well-supported clade either basal or unresolved with respect to the Peregrine Falcon. In addition, haplotypes representing Taita Falcon (F. fasciinucha) were placed within the Peregrine Falcon clade. Received 11 August 2011, accepted 26 September 2012. C1 [White, Clayton M.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [White, Clayton M.] Brigham Young Univ, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Sage, George K.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Anderson, Clifford] Falcon Res Grp, Bow, WA 98232 USA. RP White, CM (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM clayton_white@byu.edu FU Alaska Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative; Brigham Young University; Falcon Research Group FX Online supplementary material (Table Si) is available with the online version of this article at dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.11173. This research was funded by the Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative, Brigham Young University, and the Falcon Research Group. We acknowledge the many people who provided samples but went unidentified. Those we specifically acknowledge are J. Seabury, J. Longmire, S. Ambrose, T. Swem, N. Mooney, T. Maechtle, C. Gonzalez, M. Flamme, A. Matz, T. Booms, and the late B. Emison and D. Brimm. We also acknowledge the many government agencies that provided permits to work in their countries and obtain samples and federal permits in the United States. Technological support was provided by S. Houston, University of Alaska Life Science Informatics computer cluster (NIH P20RR016466). We thank M. Fowler (USGS) for graphical assistance and D. Roseneau (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), R. Wilson (University of Alaska Fairbanks), and five anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2013 VL 130 IS 1 BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.11173 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 091RZ UT WOS:000315068800009 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Morales, VL Zhang, W Harvey, RW Packman, AI Mohanram, A Welty, C AF Bradford, Scott A. Morales, Veronica L. Zhang, Wei Harvey, Ronald W. Packman, Aaron I. Mohanram, Arvind Welty, Claire TI Transport and Fate of Microbial Pathogens in Agricultural Settings SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE models; pathogen; retention; survival; transport ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; DEEP-BED FILTRATION; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; TO-GRAIN CONTACTS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS; SURFACE-CHARGE HETEROGENEITIES AB An understanding of the transport and survival of microbial pathogens (pathogens hereafter) in agricultural settings is needed to assess the risk of pathogen contamination to water and food resources, and to develop control strategies and treatment options. However, many knowledge gaps still remain in predicting the fate and transport of pathogens in runoff water, and then through the shallow vadose zone and groundwater. A number of transport pathways, processes, factors, and mathematical models often are needed to describe pathogen fate in agricultural settings. The level of complexity is dramatically enhanced by soil heterogeneity, as well as by temporal variability in temperature, water inputs, and pathogen sources. There is substantial variability in pathogen migration pathways, leading to changes in the dominant processes that control pathogen transport over different spatial and temporal scales. For example, intense rainfall events can generate runoff and preferential flow that can rapidly transport pathogens. Pathogens that survive for extended periods of time have a greatly enhanced probability of remaining viable when subjected to such rapid-transport events. Conversely, in dry seasons, pathogen transport depends more strongly on retention at diverse environmental surfaces controlled by a multitude of coupled physical, chemical, and microbiological factors. These interactions are incompletely characterized, leading to a lack of consensus on the proper mathematical framework to model pathogen transport even at the column scale. In addition, little is known about how to quantify transport and survival parameters at the scale of agricultural fields or watersheds. This review summarizes current conceptual and quantitative models for pathogen transport and fate in agricultural settings over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The authors also discuss the benefits that can be realized by improved modeling, and potential treatments to mitigate the risk of waterborne disease transmission. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Morales, Veronica L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Zhang, Wei] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Packman, Aaron I.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Mohanram, Arvind] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Welty, Claire] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Biochem & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Scott.Bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Zhang, Wei/B-4219-2011; Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; Morales, Veronica /C-7617-2014 OI Zhang, Wei/0000-0002-2937-1732; FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts project of the USDA-ARS [NP 214] FX This review paper evolved from discussions at a National Synthesis Workshop entitled "Pathogens (Bacteria, Viruses, and Protozoa) in Rural and Agricultural Watersheds" held at Cornell University in May of 2010. The USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture sponsored this workshop for funded investigators in their Water and Watershed competitive grants program. This research was supported in part by the Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts project (NP 214) of the USDA-ARS. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of Dr. Jirka Simunek to review some of the equations and Lorena and Marcelo Altamirano for their help with the figures. NR 718 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 13 U2 210 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 EI 1547-6537 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 43 IS 8 BP 775 EP 893 DI 10.1080/10643389.2012.710449 PG 119 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096ES UT WOS:000315387600001 ER PT J AU Witt, EC Wronkiewicz, DJ Shi, HL AF Witt, Emitt C., III Wronkiewicz, David J. Shi, Honglan TI Preliminary Assessment of an Economical Fugitive Road Dust Sampler for the Collection of Bulk Samples for Geochemical Analysis SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; SIZE; SOIL AB Fugitive road dust collection for chemical analysis and interpretation has been limited by the quantity and representativeness of samples. Traditional methods of fugitive dust collection generally focus on point-collections that limit data interpretation to a small area or require the investigator to make gross assumptions about the origin of the sample collected. These collection methods often produce a limited quantity of sample that may hinder efforts to characterize the samples by multiple geochemical techniques, preserve a reference archive, and provide a spatially integrated characterization of the road dust health hazard. To achieve a "better sampling" for fugitive road dust studies, a cyclonic fugitive dust (CFD) sampler was constructed and tested. Through repeated and identical sample collection routes at two collection heights (50.8 and 88.9 cm above the road surface), the products of the CFD sampler were characterized using particle size and chemical analysis. The average particle size collected by the cyclone was 17.9 mu m, whereas particles collected by a secondary filter were 0.625 mu m. No significant difference was observed between the two sample heights tested and duplicates collected at the same height; however, greater sample quantity was achieved at 50.8 cm above the road surface than at 88.9 cm. The cyclone effectively removed 94% of the particles > 1 mm, which substantially reduced the loading on the secondary filter used to collect the finer particles; therefore, suction is maintained for longer periods of time, allowing for an average sample collection rate of about 2 g mi(-1). C1 [Witt, Emitt C., III] US Geol Survey, Natl Geospatial Tech Operat Ctr, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Witt, Emitt C., III; Wronkiewicz, David J.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dep Geol Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Shi, Honglan] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dep Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Wronkiewicz, David J.; Shi, Honglan] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Environm Res Ctr Emerging Contaminants, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Witt, EC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Geospatial Tech Operat Ctr, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM ecwitt@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0158 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 087GO UT WOS:000314749500004 PM 23673735 ER PT J AU Paull, CK Caress, DW Lundsten, E Gwiazda, R Anderson, K McGann, M Conrad, J Edwards, B Sumner, EJ AF Paull, C. K. Caress, D. W. Lundsten, E. Gwiazda, R. Anderson, K. McGann, M. Conrad, J. Edwards, B. Sumner, E. J. TI Anatomy of the La Jolla Submarine Canyon system; offshore southern California SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE submarine canyons; slumping; gravity failure; sediment transport; breaching; turbidites ID UPPER MONTEREY CANYON; DEEP-WATER; SAN-DIEGO; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; SINUOUS CHANNELS; FAN-VALLEY; SEA-FAN; SEDIMENT; ARCHITECTURE; BORDERLAND AB An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) carrying a multibeam sonar and a chirp profiler was used to map sections of the seafloor within the La Jolla Canyon, offshore southern California, at sub-meter scales. Close-up observations and sampling were conducted during remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives. Minisparker seismic-reflection profiles from a surface ship help to define the overall geometry of the La Jolla Canyon especially with respect to the pre-canyon host sediments. The floor of the axial channel is covered with unconsolidated sand similar to the sand on the shelf near the canyon head, lacks outcrops of the pre-canyon host strata, has an almost constant slope of 1.0 and is covered with trains of crescent shaped bedforms. The presence of modern plant material entombed within these sands confirms that the axial channel is presently active. The sand on the canyon floor liquefied during vibracore collection and flowed downslope, illustrating that the sediment filling the channel can easily fail even on this gentle slope. Data from the canyon walls help constrain the age of the canyon and extent of incision. Horizontal beds of moderately cohesive fine-grained sediments exposed on the steep canyon walls are consistently less than 1.232 million years old. The lateral continuity of seismic reflectors in minisparker profiles indicate that pre-canyon host strata extend uninterrupted from outside the canyon underneath some terraces within the canyon. Evidence of abandoned channels and point bar-like deposits are noticeably absent on the inside bend of channel meanders and in the subsurface of the terraces. While vibracores from the surface of terraces contain thin (<10 cm) turbidites, they are inferred to be part of a veneer of recent sediment covering pre-canyon host sediments that underpin the terraces. The combined use of state of the art seafloor mapping and exploration tools provides a uniquely detailed view of the morphology within an active submarine canyon. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Paull, C. K.; Caress, D. W.; Lundsten, E.; Gwiazda, R.; Anderson, K.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [McGann, M.; Conrad, J.; Edwards, B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sumner, E. J.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Paull, CK (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. EM Paull@MBARI.org OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX The David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support. Special thanks are given to the crews of the R/V Zephyr, R/V Western Flyer, the MBARI AUV Operations Group, and the MBARI ROV pilots. Reviews of J.H. van der Berg, G. Lastras, D.J.W. Piper and J. Covault greatly improved the manuscript. NR 90 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 335 BP 16 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.10.003 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 090TE UT WOS:000315002100002 ER PT J AU Riesselman, CR Dunbar, RB AF Riesselman, Christina R. Dunbar, Robert B. TI Diatom evidence for the onset of Pliocene cooling from AND-1B, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pliocene; Diatoms; Antarctica; Ross Sea; Antarctic Geological Drilling (ANDRILL) ID PRINCE CHARLES MOUNTAINS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN SEDIMENTS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; EAST ANTARCTICA; ROSS SEA; FRAGMENTATION PATTERNS; LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; DELTA-O-18 RECORD; SORSDAL FORMATION AB The late Pliocene, similar to 33-3.0 Ma, is the most recent interval of sustained global warmth in the geologic past This window is the focus of climate reconstruction efforts by the US. Geological Survey's Pliocene Research, Interpretation, and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) Data/Model Cooperative, and may provide a useful climate analog for the coming century. Reconstructions of past surface ocean conditions proximal to the Antarctic continent are essential to understanding the sensitivity of the cryosphere to this key interval in Earth's climate evolution. An exceptional marine sediment core collected from the southwestern Ross Sea (78 degrees S), Antarctica, during ANDRILL's McMurdo Ice Shelf Project preserves evidence of dramatic fluctuations between grounded ice and productive, open ocean conditions during the late Pliocene, reflecting orbitally-paced glacial/interglacial cycling. In this near-shore record, diatom-rich sediments are recovered from interglacial intervals; two of these diatomites, from similar to 3.2 Ma and 3.03 Ma, are within the PRISM chronologic window. The diatom assemblages identified in PRISM-age late Pliocene diatom-rich sediments are distinct from those in mid-Pliocene and later Pliocene/Pleistocene intervals recovered from AND-1B, and comprise both extant taxa with well-constrained ecological preferences and a diverse extinct flora, some members of which are previously undescribed from Antarctic sediments. Both units are dominated by Chaetoceros resting spores, an indicator of high productivity and stratification that is present at much lower abundance in materials both older and younger than the PRISM-age sediments. Newly described species of the genus Fragilariopsis, which first appear in the AND-1B record at 32 Ma, are the most abundant extinct members of the PRISM-age assemblages. Other extant species with established environmental affinities, such as Fragilariopsis sublinearis, F. curta, Stellarima microtrias, and Thalassiothrix antarctica, are present at lower abundances. Environmental inferences drawn from extant diatom assemblages are in good agreement with those from Chaetoceros resting spores and the Fragilariopsis radiation. All three lines of evidence indicate the onset of late Pliocene cooling in the Ross Sea near-shore environment at 3.2 Ma, with intensification and possible regional persistence of summer sea ice by 3.03 Ma. An important implication of this research is the indication that the Ross Ice Shelf fluctuated dramatically on orbital timescales at a time when nearshore Antarctic conditions were only modestly warmer than present. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Riesselman, Christina R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dunbar, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Riesselman, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM criesselman@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [0342484]; ANDRILL Program FX The ANDRILL (Antarctic Geologic Drilling) Program is a multinational collaboration between the Antarctic programs of Germany, Italy, New Zealand and the United States. This study is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 0342484 through subawards to both CRR and RBD administered by the ANDRILL Science Management Office at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and issued through Northern Illinois University, as part of the ANDRILL U.S. Science Support Program. The authors gratefully acknowledge the ANDRILL Program for the award of an ANDRILL Graduate Fellowship to CRR in further support of this work D. Harwood, J. Barron, C. Sjunneskog, D. Winter, and R Scherer provided valuable discussion and insights on various elements of diatom-based paleoenvironmental reconstruction. C. Bernhardt and B. Landacre provided advice and support in statistical methodologies. S. Starratt generously provided access to an exceptional light microscope and camera system. This manuscript was improved by early comments from J. Barron and M. Robinson, and by the insightful recommendations of M. Konfirst and two anonymous reviewers. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 120 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 369 BP 136 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.014 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 092MR UT WOS:000315127200012 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Peterson, SM Scholtens, B Monroe, AP Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. Peterson, Sean M. Scholtens, Brian Monroe, Adrian P. Andersen, David E. TI The Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) as a Model for Testing Food-Value Theory SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TITS PARUS-MAJOR; TERRITORY SIZE; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; BIRDS; PATTERNS; HABITAT; GREAT; ARTHROPODS; ABUNDANCE AB Food-value theory states that territorial animals space themselves such that each territory contains adequate food for rearing young. The ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) is often cited as a species for which this hypothesis is supported because ovenbird territory size is inversely related to ground-invertebrate abundance within territories. However, little is known about juvenile ovenbird diet and whether food availability is accurately assessed using ground-sampling methods. We examined the relationship between ground-litter food availability and juvenile ovenbird diet in mixed northern hardwood-coniferous forests of north-central Minnesota. We sampled food availability with pitfall traps and litter samples, and concurrently sampled diet of juvenile ovenbirds from stomach samples. We found that juvenile ovenbirds were fed selectively from available food resources. In addition, we found that both ground-sampling methods greatly under-sampled forest caterpillars and snails, which together comprised 63% of juvenile ovenbird diet by mass. Combined with recent radio-telemetry findings that spot-mapping methods can poorly estimate territory size for forest songbirds, our results suggest that comparisons of spot-mapped ovenbird territories with ground-sampled invertebrate availability may not be reliable tests of food-value theory. C1 [Streby, Henry M.; Peterson, Sean M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Scholtens, Brian] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Monroe, Adrian P.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM streb006@umn.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [73] FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order No. 73 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, with in-kind support from the U.S. Forest Service. We handled, banded, and attached radio transmitters to birds following protocol #0806A35761, approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. We extend our gratitude to L. Berkeley, P. Skrade, J. Refsnider, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript, E. Michel, D. Dessecker, and A. Edmond for assistance with field data collection, and A. Williamson and G. Alle for logistical support. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 169 IS 1 BP 214 EP 220 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 069XF UT WOS:000313469700017 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Sheehan, TF Bjornsson, BT Lipsky, C Kocik, JF Regish, AM O'Dea, MF AF McCormick, Stephen D. Sheehan, Timothy F. Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur Lipsky, Christine Kocik, John F. Regish, Amy M. O'Dea, Michael F. TI Physiological and endocrine changes in Atlantic salmon smolts during hatchery rearing, downstream migration, and ocean entry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE LEVELS; PITUITARY GENE-EXPRESSION; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; SALAR POST-SMOLTS; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FACTOR-I; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; INCREASED DAYLENGTH; COASTAL MIGRATION AB Billions of hatchery salmon smolts are released annually in an attempt to mitigate anthropogenic impacts on freshwater habitats, often with limited success. Mortality of wild and hatchery fish is high during downstream and early ocean migration. To understand changes that occur during migration, we examined physiological and endocrine changes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts during hatchery rearing, downstream migration, and early ocean entry in two successive years. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased in the hatchery during spring, increased further after river release, and was slightly lower after recapture in the ocean. Plasma growth hormone levels increased in the hatchery, were higher in the river, and increased further in the ocean. Plasma IGF-I remained relatively constant in the hatchery, increased in the river, then decreased in the ocean. Plasma thyroid hormones were variable in the hatchery, but increased in both river-and ocean-captured smolts. Naturally reared fish had lower condition factor, gill NKA activity, and plasma thyroxine than hatchery fish in the river but were similar in the ocean. This novel data set provides a vital first step in understanding the role and norms of endocrine function in smolts and the metrics of successful marine entry. C1 [McCormick, Stephen D.; Regish, Amy M.; O'Dea, Michael F.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Sheehan, Timothy F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur] Univ Gothenburg, Fish Endocrinol Lab, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lipsky, Christine; Kocik, John F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM smccormick@usgs.gov OI Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 54 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 60 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0151 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 088KL UT WOS:000314833000012 ER PT J AU Dionne, PE Zydlewski, GB Kinnison, MT Zydlewski, J Wippelhauser, GS AF Dionne, Phillip E. Zydlewski, Gayle B. Kinnison, Michael T. Zydlewski, Joseph Wippelhauser, Gail S. TI Reconsidering residency: characterization and conservation implications of complex migratory patterns of shortnose sturgeon (Acispenser brevirostrum) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PENOBSCOT RIVER ESTUARY; ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; DIFFERENTIAL MIGRATION; POPULATION-SIZE; LIFE-HISTORY; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; MAINE; PRODUCTIVITY; MOVEMENT AB Efforts to conserve endangered species usually involve attempts to define and manage threats at the appropriate scale of population processes. In some species that scale is localized; in others, dispersal and migration link demic units within larger metapopulations. Current conservation strategies for endangered shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) assume the species is river resident, with little to no movement between rivers. However we have found that shortnose sturgeon travel more than 130 km through coastal waters between the largest rivers in Maine. Indeed, acoustic telemetry shows that shortnose sturgeon enter six out of the seven acoustically monitored rivers we have monitored, with over 70% of tagged individuals undertaking coastal migrations between river systems. Four migration patterns were identified for shortnose sturgeon inhabiting the Penobscot River, Maine: river resident (28%), spring coastal emigrant (24%), fall coastal emigrant (33%), and summer coastal emigrant (15%). No shortnose sturgeon classified as maturing female exhibited a resident pattern, indicating differential migration. Traditional river-specific assessment and management of shortnose sturgeon could be better characterized using a broader metapopulation scale, at least in the Gulf of Maine, that accounts for diverse migratory strategies and the importance of migratory corridors as critical habitat. C1 [Dionne, Phillip E.; Zydlewski, Gayle B.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. [Wippelhauser, Gail S.] Dept Marine Resources, State House Stn, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Zydlewski, GB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM gayle.zydlewski@maine.edu FU NOAA-Fisheries [NA07NMF4720053]; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station [3298]; USGS Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine IACUC [A2011-06-11] FX Funding for this project was provided by NOAA-Fisheries, award number NA07NMF4720053, to Maine Department of Marine Resources; the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station (contribution No. 3298); and the USGS Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. All methods were conducted under NOAA ESA Section 10 Permit No. 1595 for take of protected species for scientific purposes. The array in the Penobscot system (the Penobscot River Estuary and Bay) was cooperatively managed by the University of Maine, NOAA-Fisheries, and the USGS Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. We thank the staff from the Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, the NOAA-Fisheries Maine Field Station, Maine Department of Marine Resources, and the numerous volunteers for their assistance and support. The use of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. This study was performed under the auspices of the University of Maine IACUC protocol No. A2011-06-11. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 51 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0196 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 088KL UT WOS:000314833000013 ER PT J AU Peterson, SH Franklin, J Roberts, DA van Wagtendonk, JW AF Peterson, Seth H. Franklin, Janet Roberts, Dar A. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. TI Mapping fuels in Yosemite National Park SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; LANDSCAPE SCALES; SIERRA-NEVADA; VEGETATION; CALIFORNIA; TERRAIN; FIRE; MOUNTAINS; VARIABLES; USA AB Decades of fire suppression have led to unnaturally large accumulations of fuel in some forest communities in the western United States, including those found in lower and midelevation forests in Yosemite National Park in California. We employed the Random Forests decision tree algorithm to predict fuel models as well as 1-h live and 1-, 10-, and 100-h dead fuel loads using a suite of climatic, topographic, remotely sensed, and burn history predictor variables. Climate variables and elevation consistently were most useful for predicting all types of fuels, but remotely sensed variables increased the kappa accuracy metric by 5%-12% age points in each case, demonstrating the utility of using disparate data sources in a topographically diverse region dominated by closed-canopy vegetation. Fire history information (time-since-fire) generally only increased kappa by 1% age point, and only for the largest fuel classes. The Random Forests models were applied to the spatial predictor layers to produce maps of fuel models and fuel loads, and these showed that fuel loads are highest in the low-elevation forests that have been most affected by fire suppression impacting the natural fire regime. C1 [Peterson, Seth H.; Roberts, Dar A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Peterson, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM seth@geog.ucsb.edu NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 43 IS 1 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2012-0213 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 089OC UT WOS:000314918900002 ER PT J AU Dalyander, PS Butman, B Sherwood, CR Signell, RP Wilkin, JL AF Dalyander, P. Soupy Butman, Bradford Sherwood, Christopher R. Signell, Richard P. Wilkin, John L. TI Characterizing wave- and current- induced bottom shear stress: U.S. middle Atlantic continental shelf SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bottom stress; Wave stress; Current stress; Sea floor disturbance; Middle Atlantic Bight ID NEW-ENGLAND SHELF; 4DVAR DATA ASSIMILATION; OCEAN-MODELING-SYSTEM; NEW-YORK BIGHT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEDIMENT MOVEMENT; UNITED-STATES; INNER SHELF; MASSACHUSETTS BAY; COASTAL REGIONS AB Waves and currents create bottom shear stress, a force at the seabed that influences sediment texture distribution, micro-topography, habitat, and anthropogenic use. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the magnitude, variability, and driving mechanisms of bottom stress and resultant sediment mobility on regional scales using numerical model output. The analysis was applied to the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB), off the U.S. East Coast, and identified a tidally-dominated shallow region with relatively high stress southeast of Massachusetts over Nantucket Shoals, where sediment mobility thresholds are exceeded over 50% of the time; a coastal band extending offshore to about 30 m water depth dominated by waves, where mobility occurs more than 20% of the time; and a quiescent low stress region southeast of Long Island, approximately coincident with an area of fine-grained sediments called the "Mud Patch". The regional high in stress and mobility over Nantucket Shoals supports the hypothesis that fine grain sediment winnowed away in this region maintains the Mud Patch to the southwest. The analysis identified waves as the driving mechanism for stress throughout most of the MAB, excluding Nantucket Shoals and sheltered coastal bays where tides dominate; however, the relative dominance of low-frequency events varied regionally, and increased southward toward Cape Hatteras. The correlation between wave stress and local wind stress was lowest in the central MAB, indicating a relatively high contribution of swell to bottom stress in this area, rather than locally generated waves. Accurate prediction of the wave energy spectrum was critical to produce good estimates of bottom shear stress, which was sensitive to energy in the long period waves. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dalyander, P. Soupy; Butman, Bradford; Sherwood, Christopher R.; Signell, Richard P.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wilkin, John L.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Dalyander, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM sdalyander@usgs.gov RI Dalyander, Soupy/E-9830-2013; Wilkin, John/E-5343-2011; OI Wilkin, John/0000-0002-5444-9466; Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613; Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program FX John Warner and Brandy Armstrong developed the U.S. East Coast/Gulf of Mexico grid and some of the parameterizations used in the SWAN hindcast, and provided software code on which to base automated retrieval of forcing parameters. Page Valentine provided feedback on the applicability of stress characterizations, and an insightful review of this paper. Pat Dickhudt provided recommendations on critical stress thresholds for cohesive beds and Erin Twomey digitized the tables in the Moody et al. (1984) tidal atlas used for hydrodynamic validation. P.S. Dalyander was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program. NR 98 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 52 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.10.012 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 090WK UT WOS:000315010500007 ER PT J AU Neymark, LA Paces, JB AF Neymark, L. A. Paces, J. B. TI Ion-probe U-Pb dating of authigenic and detrital opal from Neogene-Quaternary alluvium SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE U-Pb age; opal; alluvium deposition ID NEVADA VOLCANIC FIELD; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; UNSATURATED ZONE; SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA; URANIFEROUS OPALS; SECONDARY CALCITE; CRATER FLAT; SILICA; AGES; USA AB Knowing depositional ages of alluvial fans is essential for many tectonic, paleoclimatic, and geomorphic studies in arid environments. The use of U-Pb dating on secondary silica to establish the age of Neogene-Quaternary clastic sediments was tested on samples of authigenic and detrital opal and chalcedony from depths of similar to 25 to 53 m in boreholes at Midway Valley, Nevada. Dating of authigenic opal present as rinds on rock clasts and in calcite/silica cements establishes minimum ages of alluvium deposition; dating of detrital opal or chalcedony derived from the source volcanic rocks gives the maximum age of sediment deposition. Materials analyzed included 12 samples of authigenic opal, one sample of fracture-coating opal from bedrock, one sample of detrital opal, and two samples of detrital chalcedony. Uranium-lead isotope data were obtained by both thermal ionization mass spectrometry and ion-microprobe. Uranium concentrations ranged from tens to hundreds of mu g/g. Relatively large U/Pb allowed calculation of Pb-206/U-238 ages that ranged from 1.64 +/- 0.36 (2 sigma) to 6.16 +/- 0.50 Ma for authigenic opal and from 8.34 +/- 0.28 to 11.2 +/- 13 Ma for detrital opal/chalcedony. Three samples with the most radiogenic Pb isotope compositions also allowed calculation of Pb-207/U-235 ages, which were concordant with Pb-206/U-238 ages from the same samples. These results indicate that basin development at Midway Valley was initiated between about 8 and 6 Ma, and that the basin was filled at long-term average deposition rates of less than 1 cm/ka. Because alluvium in Midway Valley was derived from adjacent highlands at Yucca Mountain, the low rates of deposition determined in this study may imply a slow rate of erosion of Yucca Mountain. Volcanic strata underlying the basin are offset by a number of buried faults to a greater degree than the relatively smooth-sloping bedrock/alluvium contact. These geologic relations indicate that movement on most faults ceased prior to erosional planation and burial. Therefore, ages of the authigenic opal from basal alluvium indicate that the last movement on buried faults was older than about 6 Ma. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Neymark, L. A.; Paces, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Neymark, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lneymark@usgs.gov FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AI28-07RW12405] FX We thank D. Buesch who helped with the drill core sample selection and L. Kwak who performed chemical analyses in Denver. J. Wooden and K. Maher helped with running SHRIMP-RG in Stanford, for which the authors are greatly appreciative. Funding and field support for this work was provided by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Interagency Agreement DE-AI28-07RW12405; however, DOE had no involvement in the study design, analyses, or interpretation of results. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 361 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.037 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 089JO UT WOS:000314907000012 ER PT J AU Pietruszka, AJ Norman, MD Garcia, MO Marske, JP Burns, DH AF Pietruszka, Aaron J. Norman, Marc D. Garcia, Michael O. Marske, Jared P. Burns, Dale H. TI Chemical heterogeneity in the Hawaiian mantle plume from the alteration and dehydration of recycled oceanic crust SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; geochemistry; trace elements; source heterogeneity; mantle plumes; crustal recycling ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; INTERSHIELD GEOCHEMICAL DIFFERENCES; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE CONSTRAINTS; PUU OO ERUPTION; TRACE-ELEMENT; KILAUEA VOLCANO; MAUNA-LOA; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; DEPLETED MANTLE; MELTING PROCESS AB Inter-shield differences in the composition of lavas from Hawaiian volcanoes are generally thought to result from the melting of a heterogeneous mantle source containing variable amounts or types of oceanic crust (sediment, basalt, and/or gabbro) that was recycled into the mantle at an ancient subduction zone. Here we investigate the origin of chemical heterogeneity in the Hawaiian mantle plume by comparing the incompatible trace element abundances of tholeiitic basalts from (1) the three active Hawaiian volcanoes (Kilauea, Mauna Loa, and Loihi) and (2) the extinct Koolau shield (a compositional end member for Hawaiian volcanoes). New model calculations suggest that the mantle sources of Hawaiian volcanoes contain a significant amount of recycled oceanic crust with a factor of similar to 2 increase from similar to 8-16% at Loihi and Kilauea to similar to 15-21% at Mauna Loa and Koolau. We propose that the Hawaiian plume contains a package of recycled oceanic crust (basalt and gabbro, with little or no marine sediment) that was altered by interaction with seawater or hydrothermal fluids prior to being variably dehydrated during subduction. The recycled oceanic crust in the mantle source of Loihi and Kilauea lavas is dominated by the uppermost portion of the residual slab (gabbro-free and strongly dehydrated), whereas the recycled oceanic crust in the mantle source of Mauna Loa and Koolau lavas is dominated by the lowermost portion of the residual slab (gabbro-rich and weakly dehydrated). The present-day distribution of compositional heterogeneities in the Hawaiian plume cannot be described by either a large-scale bilateral asymmetry or radial zonation. Instead, the mantle source of the active Hawaiian volcanoes is probably heterogeneous on a small scale with a NW-SE oriented spatial gradient in the amount, type (i.e., basalt vs. gabbro), and extent of dehydration of the ancient recycled oceanic crust. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pietruszka, Aaron J.; Marske, Jared P.; Burns, Dale H.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Norman, Marc D.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Garcia, Michael O.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Pietruszka, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM apietruszka@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [07-38671, 11-18738, 07-38817, 11-18741] FX We thank M. Rhodes and M. Vollinger for the XRF analyses, J. Lassiter and T. Elliott for critical reviews, and B. Hanan and K. Putirka for insightful discussions. This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation to A Pietruszka (07-38671 and 11-18738) and M. Garcia (07-38817 and 11-18741). NR 83 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 361 BP 298 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.030 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 089JO UT WOS:000314907000030 ER PT J AU Crall, AW Jarnevich, CS Panke, B Young, N Renz, M Morisette, J AF Crall, Alycia W. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Panke, Brendon Young, Nick Renz, Mark Morisette, Jeffrey TI Using habitat suitability models to target invasive plant species surveys SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Centaurea stoebe; data integration; habitat suitability models; invasive species; nonnative species; Pastinaca sativa; sampling designs; Tamarix sp.; vegetation sampling; Wisconsin, USA ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDICTION; TAMARISK; PERFORMANCE; PATTERNS; ABSENCE; RANGE; ERROR AB Managers need new tools for detecting the movement and spread of nonnative, invasive species. Habitat suitability models are a popular tool for mapping the potential distribution of current invaders, but the ability of these models to prioritize monitoring efforts has not been tested in the field. We tested the utility of an iterative sampling design (i.e., models based on field observations used to guide subsequent field data collection to improve the model), hypothesizing that model performance would increase when new data were gathered from targeted sampling using criteria based on the initial model results. We also tested the ability of habitat suitability models to predict the spread of invasive species, hypothesizing that models would accurately predict occurrences in the field, and that the use of targeted sampling would detect more species with less sampling effort than a nontargeted approach. We tested these hypotheses on two species at the state scale (Centaurea stoebe and Pastinaca sativa) in Wisconsin (USA), and one genus at the regional scale (Tamarix) in the western United States. These initial data were merged with environmental data at 30-m(2) resolution for Wisconsin and 1-km(2) resolution for the western United States to produce our first iteration models. We stratified these initial models to target field sampling and compared our models and success at detecting our species of interest to other surveys being conducted during the same field season (i.e., nontargeted sampling). Although more data did not always improve our models based on correct classification rate (CCR), sensitivity, specificity, kappa, or area under the curve (AUC), our models generated from targeted sampling data always performed better than models generated from nontargeted data. For Wisconsin species, the model described actual locations in the field fairly well (kappa = 0.51, 0.19, P < 0.01), and targeted sampling did detect more species than nontargeted sampling with less sampling effort (chi(2) = 47.42, P < 0.01). From these findings, we conclude that habitat suitability models can be highly useful tools for guiding invasive species monitoring, and we support the use of an iterative sampling design for guiding such efforts. C1 [Crall, Alycia W.; Panke, Brendon; Renz, Mark] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Morisette, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Young, Nick] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Crall, AW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM alyciacrall@gmail.com FU North Central Integrated Pest Management Center; National Park Service, Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; USGS invasive species science program FX This work was funded by the North Central Integrated Pest Management Center, the National Park Service as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, and the USGS invasive species science program for a portion of this work. Logistical support was provided by the USGS Fort Collins Science Center, the Department of Agronomy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University. We thank Miles Falk (Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission), Clarissa Hammond (Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection), and Wade Oemichen (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources) for helping compile Wisconsin data sets and all our Wisconsin data contributors. We also thank Tom Stohlgren, Sunil Kumar, and Dave Barnett for comments on the methodology and early versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 54 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 66 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 23 IS 1 BP 60 EP 72 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 092FM UT WOS:000315104800006 PM 23495636 ER PT J AU Bellmore, JR Baxter, CV Martens, K Connolly, PJ AF Bellmore, J. Ryan Baxter, Colden V. Martens, Kyle Connolly, Patrick J. TI The floodplain food web mosaic: a study of its importance to salmon and steelhead with implications for their recovery SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ecosystem ecology; floodplains; food webs; salmon; secondary production; side channels; steelhead ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; RIVERINE LANDSCAPES; APPALACHIAN STREAM; HABITAT SELECTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; BROWN TROUT; GROWTH AB Although numerous studies have attempted to place species of interest within the context of food webs, such efforts have generally occurred at small scales or disregard potentially important spatial heterogeneity. If food web approaches are to be employed to manage species, studies are needed that evaluate the multiple habitats and associated webs of interactions in which these species participate. Here, we quantify the food webs that sustain rearing salmon and steelhead within a floodplain landscape of the Methow River, Washington, USA, a location where restoration has been proposed to restore side channels in an attempt to recover anadromous fishes. We combined year-long measures of production, food demand, and diet composition for the fish assemblage with estimates of invertebrate prey productivity to quantify food webs within the main channel and five different, intact, side channels; ranging from channels that remained connected to the main channel at low flow to those reduced to floodplain ponds. Although we found that habitats within the floodplain had similar invertebrate prey production, these habitats hosted different local food webs. In the main channel, 95% of total prey consumption flowed to fishes that are not the target of proposed restoration. These fishes consumed 64% and 47% of the prey resources that were found to be important to fueling chinook and steelhead production in the main channel, respectively. Conversely, in side channels, a greater proportion of prey was consumed by anadromous salmonids. As a result, carrying capacity estimates based on food were 251% higher, on average, for anadromous salmonids in side channels than the main channel. However, salmon and steelhead production was generally well below estimated capacity in both the main and side channels, suggesting these habitats are under-seeded with respect to food, and that much larger populations could be supported. Overall, this study demonstrates that floodplain heterogeneity is associated with the occurrence of a mosaic of food webs, all of which were utilized by anadromous salmonids, and all of which may be important to their recovery and persistence. In the long term, these and other fishes would likely benefit from restoring the processes that maintain floodplain complexity. C1 [Bellmore, J. Ryan; Martens, Kyle; Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Bellmore, J. Ryan; Baxter, Colden V.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Bellmore, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jbellmore@usgs.gov FU BOR; NSF-EPSCoR [EPS 04-47689; 08-14387] FX We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which improved the quality of the manuscript. Field and lab assistance provided by Dave Ayers, Jessica Lueders-Dumont, Wesley Tibbits, Grace Eger, Teresa Fish, Becky Hansis-O'Neill, Cameron Morris, Melinda Walker, and Rebecca Martin. We thank the members of Idaho State University Stream Ecology Center and also Michael Newsom with the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), for insightful discussions. Funding for this project was provided by the BOR, which was administered by US Geological Survey. Additional support was provided by NSF-EPSCoR (EPS 04-47689; 08-14387). NR 86 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 79 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 23 IS 1 BP 189 EP 207 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 092FM UT WOS:000315104800016 PM 23495646 ER PT J AU Long, AJ Mahler, BJ AF Long, A. J. Mahler, B. J. TI Prediction, time variance, and classification of hydraulic response to recharge in two karst aquifers SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB Many karst aquifers are rapidly filled and depleted and therefore are likely to be susceptible to changes in short-term climate variability. Here we explore methods that could be applied to model site-specific hydraulic responses, with the intent of simulating these responses to different climate scenarios from high-resolution climate models. We compare hydraulic responses (spring flow, groundwater level, stream base flow, and cave drip) at several sites in two karst aquifers: the Edwards aquifer (Texas, USA) and the Madison aquifer (South Dakota, USA). A lumped-parameter model simulates nonlinear soil moisture changes for estimation of recharge, and a time-variant convolution model simulates the aquifer response to this recharge. Model fit to data is 2.4% better for calibration periods than for validation periods according to the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency, which ranges from 0.53 to 0.94 for validation periods. We use metrics that describe the shapes of the impulse-response functions (IRFs) obtained from convolution modeling to make comparisons in the distribution of response times among sites and between aquifers. Time-variant IRFs were applied to 62% of the sites. Principal component analysis (PCA) of metrics describing the shapes of the IRFs indicates three principal components that together account for 84% of the variability in IRF shape: the first is related to IRF skewness and temporal spread and accounts for 51% of the variability; the second and third largely are related to time-variant properties and together account for 33% of the variability. Sites with IRFs that dominantly comprise exponential curves are separated geographically from those dominantly comprising lognormal curves in both aquifers as a result of spatial heterogeneity. The use of multiple IRF metrics in PCA is a novel method to characterize, compare, and classify the way in which different sites and aquifers respond to recharge. As convolution models are developed for additional aquifers, they could contribute to an IRF database and a general classification system for karst aquifers. C1 [Long, A. J.] US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Mahler, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Long, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM ajlong@usgs.gov RI Long, Andrew/A-9204-2008; OI Long, Andrew/0000-0001-7385-8081; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552 NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 1 BP 281 EP 294 DI 10.5194/hess-17-281-2013 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 087ZD UT WOS:000314802400018 ER PT J AU Pierson, EA Turner, RM Betancourt, JL AF Pierson, E. A. Turner, R. M. Betancourt, J. L. TI Regional demographic trends from long-term studies of saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) across the northern Sonoran Desert SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Age structure; Climate variability; Mortality; Regeneration trends; Survivorship ID VEGETATION CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CACTACEAE; GROWTH; CLIMATE; CACTI; PRECIPITATION; ESTABLISHMENT; RAINFALL; USA AB Ten saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) populations in the northern Sonoran Desert were monitored from 1959 to 2005 to discriminate how climate influences plant growth, abundance, reproductive potential, survivorship, age structure and regeneration trends. Thousands of saguaros were measured to determine site-specific growth rates and survivorship through time. Observed growth rates were used to predict the ages of saguaros and reconstruct local and regional regeneration patterns back to the late 18th century. Both growth rates and degree of branching generally tracked temperature and moisture gradients. Site-specific age-height models explained 89-97% of variance in observed ages, with a slope of nearly one. Regeneration was more consistent at sites in the western (hotter/drier) than eastern (cooler/wetter) sites, which exhibited clear multidecadal variability in regeneration rates. Averaged across the region, saguaro regeneration rates were highest from 1780 to 1860, coincident with wet conditions and high Pinus ponderosa recruitment in the highlands. Milder and wetter winters and protection from livestock grazing likely promoted late 20th century regeneration surges at some sites. Predictions of saguaro population dynamics in the 21st century likely will be confounded by the saguaro's episodic and asynchronous regeneration, continued urbanization, ongoing grass invasions and associated wildfires, and changing climate. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pierson, E. A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Turner, R. M.; Betancourt, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Pierson, EA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Hort & Forestry Sci Bldg,Room 200, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM eapierson@ag.tamu.edu FU National Park Service; University of Arizona Center for Applied Spatial Analysis FX We thank numerous individuals who assisted us in the field (C. Saravia Toledo, J. Turner, M. Turner, T. Turner-Hadley, S. Turner, S. McClanahan, P. Sundt, M. St. John, D. Morgan, D. Morgan, T. Gustafson, K. Gustafson, P. Woodruff, L. Warner, A. Macias, R. Dodge, H. Fritts, S. Boule, K. McDonald, O. McCrary, C. Pierson, M. Donofrio, C. Heelan, J. Bowers, T. Burgess, D. Boyer, D. Stephens, J.L. Duek, K. Hollett, J. Ambrose, M. Karpiscak, B. Schrumpf, F. Wiseman, L. Key, L. Huckell, C. Miksicek, D. Duriscoe, T. Nichols, O. Grosz, B. Harney, C. Lindquist, M. Moss, T. van Hylckama, P. Hickman, V. Steinmann, B. Simons, Jr., M. Burgess, V. Parra Salazar, M. Concepcion Luna, E. Gomez, R. Roeske, N. Carmony, F. Houser, and T. Helbsing). With support from National Park Service (L. Norris, M. Daniels, D. Swann, and M. Holden), the University of Arizona Center for Applied Spatial Analysis (G. Christopherson, T. Dudley, P. Leckman, and M. Neff) helped reestablish metadata for all plots. N. Ortiz graciously allowed access to the Sonoyta plot located on his ranch. We thank R.Webb and J. Bowers for discussions during most stages of this long-term project, D. Williams for suggestions on the manuscript, and J. Dileo for help with illustrations. J.R. Hastings was a member of the team that initiated this saguaro study. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 111 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 88 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.08.008 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 068UY UT WOS:000313392900009 ER PT J AU Fee, D Matoza, RS AF Fee, David Matoza, Robin S. TI An overview of volcano infrasound: From hawaiian to plinian, local to global SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Infrasound; Volcano; Acoustics; Review; Explosive eruptions; Propagation ID LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; ERUPTIVE ACTIVITY; STROMBOLIAN EXPLOSIONS; DEGASSING EXPLOSIONS; SAKURAJIMA VOLCANO; VULCANIAN ERUPTION; SHISHALDIN-VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; PRESSURE WAVES AB Volcano infrasound is an increasingly useful technique for detecting, locating, characterizing, and quantifying eruptive activity, and can be used to constrain eruption source parameters. In recent years, studies of infrasound data from active volcanoes have shown clear progress towards mitigating volcanic hazards and understanding volcanic source processes. Volcano acoustic sources are shallow or aerial, thus volcano infrasound data provide valuable information on eruption dynamics and are readily combined with direct and remote observations of gas, ash, and other eruptive phenomena. The infrasound signals produced by volcanoes are indicative of the eruption style and dynamics. Here we review the diversity of infrasound signals generated by a wide variety of volcanic eruptions, from hawaiian to plinian, and the physical processes inferred to produce them. We place particular emphasis on regional (15-250 km distance) and global (>250 km distance) volcano infrasound studies, as recent work in this area has made significant advances in monitoring and characterizing remote and difficult-to-monitor eruptions. Long-range infrasonic detection of explosive volcanic eruptions is possible due to the energetic source mechanisms involved, minor atmospheric attenuation at low frequencies, and the existence of waveguides in the atmosphere. However, accurate characterization of the atmosphere and its spatiotemporal variability is required for reliable long-range sound propagation modeling and correct interpretation of global infrasound recordings. Conversely, because volcanic explosions are energetic and sometimes repetitive infrasound sources, they can be used to validate atmospheric and acoustic propagation models. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Matoza, Robin S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Fee, D (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dfee@gi.alaska.edu FU NSF [EAR-1113294]; Geophysical Institute; Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography FX The ASHE project led to numerous results presented in this manuscript, and we are in particular grateful to the Instituto Geofisico-EPN for help in collecting and interpreting data. We thank Milton Garces for cultivating our interest in volcano acoustics. The authors wish to thank KBGS, IVS, and Taryn Lopez for help in collecting the Karymsky data, AVO for the Augustine and Redoubt data, and Maurizio Ripepe for the Stromboli data. Section 3 uses previously unpublished material from the PhD thesis of RSM. Silvio de Angelis and Taryn Lopez gave helpful early reviews of the manuscript, and Doug Drob provided the G2S models. Funding for DF was provided by NSF grant EAR-1113294 and the Geophysical Institute. RSM gratefully acknowledges support from the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. We also thank Maurizio Ripepe and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. NR 135 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 249 BP 123 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.002 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 079WW UT WOS:000314203900010 ER PT J AU Kagan, R AF Kagan, Rebecca TI Intestinal Rupture in a Mexican Gray Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) in Association with Ingestion of a Diazinon-Impregnated Cattle Ear Tag SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DOGS AB A free-ranging Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) suffered intestinal rupture following ingestion of an insecticidal cattle ear tag. Subsequent organophosphate toxicosis as a cause of the rupture was speculated. Insecticidal ear tags could represent a poisoning risk in canids and other wildlife scavengers. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Kagan, R (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Forens Lab, 1490 E Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM rebecca_kagan@fws.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 203 EP 205 DI 10.7589/2012-02-029 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 070UM UT WOS:000313538100027 PM 23307392 ER PT J AU D'Angelo, VS Muhlfeld, CC AF D'Angelo, Vincent S. Muhlfeld, Clint C. TI Factors Influencing the Distribution of Native Bull Trout and Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Streams of Western Glacier National Park, Montana SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE occurrence; Glacier National Park; bull trout; westslope cutthroat trout ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; LAKE TROUT; LOCAL-HABITAT; LIFE-HISTORY; RIVER SYSTEM; TRADE-OFFS; HYBRIDIZATION; INVASION AB The widespread declines of native bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) populations prompted researchers to investigate factors influencing their distribution and status in western Glacier National Park, Montana. We evaluated the association of a suite of abiotic factors (stream width, elevation, gradient, large woody debris density, pool density, August mean stream temperature, reach surface area) with the occurrence (presence or absence) of bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout in 79 stream reaches in five sub-drainages containing glacial lakes. We modeled the occurrence of each species using logistic regression and evaluated competing models using an information theoretic approach. Westslope cutthroat trout were widely distributed (47 of 79 reaches), and there appeared to be no restrictions on their distribution other than physical barriers. Westslope cutthroat trout were most commonly found in relatively warm reaches downstream of lakes and in headwater reaches with large amounts of large woody debris and abundant pools. By contrast, bull trout were infrequently detected (10 of 79 reaches), with 7 of the 10 (70%) detections in sub-drainages that have not been compromised by non-native lake trout (S. namaycush). Bull trout were most often found in cold, low-gradient reaches upstream of glacial lakes. Our results indicate that complex stream habitats in sub-drainages free of non-native species are important to the persistence of native salmonids in western Glacier National Park. Results from this study may help managers monitor and protect important habitats and populations, inform conservation and recovery programs, and guide non-native species suppression efforts in Glacier National Park and elsewhere. C1 [D'Angelo, Vincent S.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP D'Angelo, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM vdangelo@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 52 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 87 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 089OT UT WOS:000314920600001 ER PT J AU Street, JH Anderson, RS Rosenbauer, RJ Paytan, A AF Street, Joseph H. Anderson, R. Scott Rosenbauer, Robert J. Paytan, Adina TI n-Alkane evidence for the onset of wetter conditions in the Sierra Nevada, California (USA) at the mid-late Holocene transition, similar to 3.0 ka SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sierra Nevada; Paleoclimate; Paleolimnology; Plant n-alkanes; Lake level; Holocene ID LAKE-SEDIMENTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; LIPID BIOMARKERS; NATIONAL-PARK; TULARE LAKE; SWAMP LAKE; RECORD; PACIFIC; CLIMATE AB n-Alkane biomarker distributions in sediments from Swamp Lake (SL), in the central Sierra Nevada of California (USA), provide evidence for an increase in mean lake level similar to 3000 yr ago, in conjunction with widespread climatic change inferred from marine and continental records in the eastern North Pacific region. Length distributions of n-alkane chains in modern plants growing at SL were determined and compared to sedimentary distributions in a core spanning the last 13 ka. As a group, submerged and floating aquatic plants contained high proportions of short chain lengths (nC(27) were dominant. Changes in the sedimentary n-alkane distribution over time were driven by variable inputs from plant sources in response to changing lake level, sedimentation and plant community composition. A shift toward shorter chain lengths (nC(21), nC(23)) occurred between 3.1 and 2.9 ka and is best explained by an increase in the abundance of aquatic plants and the availability of shallow-water habitat in response to rising lake level. The late Holocene expansion of SL following a dry mid-Holocene is consistent with previous evidence for increased effective moisture and the onset of wetter conditions in the Sierra Nevada between 4.0 and 3.0 ka. (C) 2012 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Street, Joseph H.; Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Rosenbauer, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Street, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jstreet@ucsc.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0902218, ATM-9521610]; Yosemite Fund; USGS; Stanford University; Calfed Bay-Delta Science Program FX Reviews from Megan Young, Steven Silva, Ken Adams, and two anonymous reviewers improved the quality of the paper. We thank John Barron, Daniel Boone, Jordon Bright, Dan Cayan, Pamela Campbell, Alison Colwell, Douglas Hallett, Angela Lam, Ian McKenna, Cara Meeker, Scott Starratt, Alex Sessions, Susan Smith, Jan van Wagtendonk and Anne Walton for their assistance at various points in this project. This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (EAR-0902218 to A.P.; ATM-9521610 to R.S.A.), the Yosemite Fund (R.S.A.), funding from the USGS, and graduate student fellowships from Stanford University and the Calfed Bay-Delta Science Program (to J.S.). NAU Laboratory of Paleoecology Contribution #142. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 79 IS 1 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2012.09.004 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 070TI UT WOS:000313533800003 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP AF McGowan, Conor P. TI A Structured Approach to Incidental Take Decision Making SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Charadrius melodus; Endangered Species Act; Piping Plover; Section 7 consultation; Structured decision making ID PIPING PLOVER SURVIVAL; EXPERT OPINION; GREAT-PLAINS; MANAGEMENT; VIABILITY; MODELS AB Decision making related to incidental take of endangered species under U. S. law lends itself well to a structured decision making approach. Incidental take is the permitted killing, harming, or harassing of a protected species under the law as long as that harm is incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and does not "reduce appreciably the probability of survival and recovery in the wild.'' There has been inconsistency in the process used for determining incidental take allowances across species and across time for the same species, and structured decision making has been proposed to improve decision making. I use an example decision analysis to demonstrate the process and its applicability to incidental take decisions, even under significant demographic uncertainty and multiple, competing objectives. I define the example problem, present an objectives statement and a value function, use a simulation model to assess the consequences of a set of management actions, and evaluate the tradeoffs among the different actions. The approach results in transparent and repeatable decisions. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cmcgowan@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences at Auburn University FX I thank the U.S. Geological Survey and the School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences at Auburn University for financial and logistical support of this work. The research contained in this paper was not funded by a specific grant, but was developed and written as part of the author's normal work duties. I thank M. C. Runge, J. F. Cochrane, and M. R. Ryan, for many extensive discussions on incidental take and endangered species management over several years that greatly shaped my thoughts on this subject. I thank T. J. Fontaine, M. R. Ryan, and M. A. Larson for reviewing pre-submission versions of this manuscript and helping to improve the quality of the work. I thank the editors and anonymous reviewers that helped to improve this manuscript. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9981-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 081IA UT WOS:000314310800017 PM 23180250 ER PT J AU Jadaliha, M Xu, YF Choi, J Johnson, NS Li, WM AF Jadaliha, Mahdi Xu, Yunfei Choi, Jongeun Johnson, Nicholas S. Li, Weiming TI Gaussian Process Regression for Sensor Networks Under Localization Uncertaintyas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Gaussian processes; Monte Carlo methods; regression analysis; sensor networks; Laplace's methods ID EXPONENTIAL LAPLACE APPROXIMATIONS; SEA-LAMPREY; MANAGEMENT; NAVIGATION; MACHINE; LAKES AB In this paper, we formulate Gaussian process regression with observations under the localization uncertainty due to the resource-constrained sensor networks. In our formulation, effects of observations, measurement noise, localization uncertainty, and prior distributions are all correctly incorporated in the posterior predictive statistics. The analytically intractable posterior predictive statistics are proposed to be approximated by two techniques, viz., Monte Carlo sampling and Laplace's method. Such approximation techniques have been carefully tailored to our problems and their approximation error and complexity are analyzed. Simulation study demonstrates that the proposed approaches perform much better than approaches without considering the localization uncertainty properly. Finally, we have applied the proposed approaches on the experimentally collected real data from a dye concentration field over a section of a river and a temperature field of an outdoor swimming pool to provide proof of concept tests and evaluate the proposed schemes in real situations. In both simulation and experimental results, the proposed methods outperform the quick-and-dirty solutions often used in practice. C1 [Jadaliha, Mahdi; Xu, Yunfei; Choi, Jongeun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Choi, Jongeun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Jadaliha, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jadaliha@msu.edu; xuyunfei@egr.msu.edu; jchoi@egr.msu.edu; njohnson@usgs.gov; xliweim@anr.msu.edu RI Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013; OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518; Choi, Jongeun/0000-0002-7532-5315 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0846547]; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; National Science Foundations [IOB0517491, IOB0450916] FX Manuscript received April 20, 2012; accepted September 28, 2012. Date of publication October 09, 2012; date of current version December 20, 2012. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Z. Jane Wang. This work has been supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation through CAREER Award CMMI-0846547. This article is Contribution 1713 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. In-stream field experiments were supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. The work of W. Li was supported in part by the National Science Foundations Awards IOB0517491 and IOB0450916. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Use of trademark names does not represent endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 61 IS 2 BP 223 EP 237 DI 10.1109/TSP.2012.2223695 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 086JC UT WOS:000314678900001 ER PT J AU McIver, JD Stephens, SL Agee, JK Barbour, J Boerner, REJ Edminster, CB Erickson, KL Farris, KL Fettig, CJ Fiedler, CE Haase, S Hart, SC Keeley, JE Knapp, EE Lehmkuhl, JF Moghaddas, JJ Otrosina, W Outcalt, KW Schwilk, DW Skinner, CN Waldrop, TA Weatherspoon, CP Yaussy, DA Youngblood, A Zack, S AF McIver, James D. Stephens, Scott L. Agee, James K. Barbour, Jamie Boerner, Ralph E. J. Edminster, Carl B. Erickson, Karen L. Farris, Kerry L. Fettig, Christopher J. Fiedler, Carl E. Haase, Sally Hart, Stephen C. Keeley, Jon E. Knapp, Eric E. Lehmkuhl, John F. Moghaddas, Jason J. Otrosina, William Outcalt, Kenneth W. Schwilk, Dylan W. Skinner, Carl N. Waldrop, Thomas A. Weatherspoon, C. Phillip Yaussy, Daniel A. Youngblood, Andrew Zack, Steve TI Ecological effects of alternative fuel-reduction treatments: highlights of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate study (FFS) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE dry forest management; forest thinning; frequent fire regimes; mechanical treatment; oak; pine; prescribed fire; seasonally dry forests ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; SEASONALLY DRY FORESTS; UPLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION RESPONSE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; BURNING RESTORATION TREATMENTS AB The 12-site National Fire and Fire Surrogate study (FFS) was a multivariate experiment that evaluated ecological consequences of alternative fuel-reduction treatments in seasonally dry forests of the US. Each site was a replicated experiment with a common design that compared an un-manipulated control, prescribed fire, mechanical and mechanical + fire treatments. Variables within the vegetation, fuelbed, forest floor and soil, bark beetles, tree diseases and wildlife were measured in 10-ha stands, and ecological response was compared among treatments at the site level, and across sites, to better understand the influence of differential site conditions. For most sites, treated stands were predicted to be more resilient to wildfire if it occurred shortly after treatment, but for most ecological variables, short-term response to treatments was subtle and transient. Strong site-specificity was observed in the response of most ecosystem variables, suggesting that practitioners employ adaptive management at the local scale. Because ecosystem components were tightly linked, adaptive management would need to include monitoring of a carefully chosen set of key variables. Mechanical treatments did not serve as surrogates for fire for most variables, suggesting that fire be maintained whenever possible. Restoration to pre-settlement conditions will require repeated treatments over time, with eastern forests requiring more frequent applications. C1 [McIver, James D.; Erickson, Karen L.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Stephens, Scott L.; Moghaddas, Jason J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Agee, James K.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barbour, Jamie] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Boerner, Ralph E. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aronoff Lab 280, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Edminster, Carl B.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Farris, Kerry L.; Zack, Steve] N Amer Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Fettig, Christopher J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Fiedler, Carl E.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Haase, Sally] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Hart, Stephen C.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Hart, Stephen C.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.; Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Lehmkuhl, John F.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Otrosina, William; Outcalt, Kenneth W.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schwilk, Dylan W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Waldrop, Thomas A.] Clemson Univ, So Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Yaussy, Daniel A.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Youngblood, Andrew] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP McIver, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, POB E, Union, OR 97883 USA. EM james.mciver@oregonstate.edu OI Yaussy, Daniel/0000-0003-1127-7809 FU US Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) [99-S-1, 04-S-02]; USDA National Research Initiative [96-03859]; 2000 National Fire Plan; management community for the implementation of treatments FX This is contribution number 200 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate study, funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP Grant numbers 99-S-1 and 04-S-02). Partial funding for the Blue Mountains site was provided by a grant from the USDA National Research Initiative (96-03859). Financial support for the Southern Appalachian Mountains and Gulf Coastal Plain sites was provided by the 2000 National Fire Plan. Contributed support, from the management community for the implementation of treatments, and from universities and federal research organisations for payment of permanent salaries, was also necessary to achieve project success. We thank all of our many colleagues and students who helped to design and carry out the FFS study, our partners in the management community whose expertise and dedication was critical for implementation of the treatments, and to the hundreds of individuals who participated in the project over the years. Special thanks as well to Susan Conard, without whom the project would never have got off the ground in the first place. NR 192 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 8 U2 84 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 63 EP 82 DI 10.1071/WF11130 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085GR UT WOS:000314603700007 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Dunne, EJ Novak, J King, KW McLellan, E Smith, DR Strock, J Boomer, K Tomer, M Noe, GB AF Kroeger, R. Dunne, E. J. Novak, J. King, K. W. McLellan, E. Smith, D. R. Strock, J. Boomer, K. Tomer, M. Noe, G. B. TI Downstream approaches to phosphorus management in agricultural landscapes: Regional applicability and use SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Phosphorus; Best management practice; Aquatic system; Agriculture ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; IN-STREAM WETLAND; PALUSTRINE FORESTED WETLANDS; WATER TREATMENT RESIDUALS; 2-STAGE CHANNEL SYSTEMS; APPLIED POULTRY LITTER; FURNACE STEEL SLAG; LOW-GRADE WEIRS; DRAINAGE DITCHES; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS AB This review provides a critical overview of conservation practices that are aimed at improving water quality by retaining phosphorus (P) downstream of runoff genesis. The review is structured around specific downstream practices that are prevalent in various parts of the United States. Specific practices that we discuss include the use of controlled drainage, chemical treatment of waters and soils, receiving ditch management, and wetlands. The review also focuses on the specific hydrology and biogeochemistry associated with each of those practices. The practices are structured sequentially along flowpaths as you move through the landscape, from the edge-of-field, to adjacent aquatic systems, and ultimately to downstream P retention. Often practices are region specific based on geology, cropping practices, and specific P related problems and thus require a right practice, and right place mentality to management. Each practice has fundamental P transport and retention processes by systems that can be optimized by management with the goal of reducing downstream P loading after P has left agricultural fields. The management of P requires a system-wide assessment of the stability of P in different biogeochemical forms (particulate vs. dissolved, organic vs. inorganic), in different storage pools (soil, sediment, streams etc.), and under varying biogeochemical and hydrological conditions that act to convert P from one form to another and promote its retention in or transport out of different landscape components. There is significant potential of hierarchically placing practices in the agricultural landscape and enhancing the associated P mitigation. But an understanding is needed of short- and long-term P retention mechanisms within a certain practice and incorporating maintenance schedules if necessary to improve P retention times and minimize exceeding retention capacity. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kroeger, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dunne, E. J.] Bur Environm Sci, St Johns River Water Management Dist, Div Water Resources, Palatka, FL 32177 USA. [Novak, J.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [King, K. W.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [McLellan, E.] Environm Def Fund, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Smith, D. R.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Strock, J.] Univ Minnesota, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. [Boomer, K.] Nat Conservancy Maryland DC Off, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Tomer, M.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Noe, G. B.] USGS, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rkroger@cfr.msstate.edu OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU Joyce Foundation; Mississippi Agricultural Forestry Experiment Station; Forest and Wildlife Research Center FX Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) organized a workshop in July 2011 on "Increasing the Assimilative Capacity of Agricultural Landscapes". The workshop brought together experts from multiple backgrounds studying the movement transformation and storage of P. The authors would gratefully acknowledge funding from the Joyce Foundation for associated costs of the workshop. Robbie Kroger would like to acknowledge the Mississippi Agricultural Forestry Experiment Station and the Forest and Wildlife Research Center for support. NR 142 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 109 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 442 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.038 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075WP UT WOS:000313918200032 PM 23178830 ER PT J AU Personna, YR Slater, L Ntarlagiannis, D Werkema, D Szabo, Z AF Personna, Yves Robert Slater, Lee Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios Werkema, Dale Szabo, Zoltan TI Electrical signatures of ethanol-liquid mixtures: Implications for monitoring biofuels migration in the subsurface SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Geophysical methods; Ethanol; Biofuels; Subsurface ID SCALE AQUIFER TANK; FUEL-GRADE ETHANOL; NATURAL ATTENUATION; WATER MIXTURES; GROUNDWATER QUALITY; NEAT ETHANOL; GASOLINE; BENZENE; RELEASE; TRANSPORT AB Ethanol (EtOH), an emerging contaminant with potential direct and indirect environmental effects, poses threats to water supplies when spilled in large volumes. A series of experiments was directed at understanding the electrical geophysical signatures arising from groundwater contamination by ethanol. Conductivity measurements were performed at the laboratory scale on EtOH-water mixtures (0 to 0.97 v/v EtOH) and EtOH-salt solution mixtures (0 to 0.99 v/v EtOH) with and without a sand matrix using a conductivity probe and a four-electrode electrical measurement over the low frequency range (1-1000 Hz). A Lichtenecker-Rother (L-R) type mixing model was used to simulate electrical conductivity as a function of EtOH concentration in the mixture. For all three experimental treatments increasing EtOH concentration resulted in a decrease in measured conductivity magnitude (vertical bar sigma vertical bar). The applied L-R model fitted the experimental data at concentration <= 0.4 v/v EtOH, presumably due to predominant and symmetric intermolecular (EtOH-water) interaction in the mixture. The deviation of the experimental vertical bar sigma vertical bar data from the model prediction at higher EtOH concentrations may be associated with hydrophobic effects of EtOH-EtOH interactions in the Mixture. The vertical bar sigma vertical bar data presumably reflected changes in relative strength of the three types of interactions (water-water, EtOH-water, and EtOH-EtOH) occurring simultaneously in EtOH-water mixtures as the ratio of EtOH to water changed. No evidence of measurable polarization effects at the EtOH-water and EtOH-water-mineral interfaces over the investigated frequency range was found. Our results indicate the potential for using electrical measurements to characterize and monitor EtOH spills in the subsurface. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Personna, Yves Robert; Slater, Lee; Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Werkema, Dale] US EPA, NERL, ESD LV, CMB, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Szabo, Zoltan] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Personna, YR (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 101 Warren St, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM personna@pegasus.rutgers.edu; LSlater@andromeda.rutgers.edu; dimntar@andromeda.rutgers.edu; Werkema.D@epamail.epa.gov; zszabo@usgs.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [EP10D000751] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract # EP10D000751 to Yves Robert Personna. The manuscript has been subjected to EPA review and approved for publication. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 144 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.10.011 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 076YJ UT WOS:000313994800008 PM 23159764 ER PT J AU Kemp, AC Engelhart, SE Culver, SJ Nelson, A Briggs, RW Haeussler, PJ AF Kemp, Andrew C. Engelhart, Simon E. Culver, Stephen J. Nelson, Alan Briggs, Richard W. Haeussler, Peter J. TI MODERN SALT-MARSH AND TIDAL-FLAT FORAMINIFERA FROM SITKINAK AND SIMEONOF ISLANDS, SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHUMAGIN SEISMIC GAP; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; VERTICAL CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC COAST; NORTH-CAROLINA; OUTER BANKS; USA AB We describe the modern distribution of salt-marsh and tidal-flat foraminifera from Sitkinak Island (Trinity Islands) and Simeonof Island (Shumagin Islands), Alaska, to begin development of a dataset for later use in reconstructing relative sea-level changes caused by great earthquakes along the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone. Dead foraminifera were enumerated from a total of 58 surface-sediment samples collected along three intertidal transects around a coastal lagoon on Sitkinak Island and two intertidal transects on Simeonof Island. Two distinctive assemblages of salt-marsh foraminifera were recognized on Sitkinak Island. Miliammina fusca dominated low-marsh settings and Balticammina pseudomacrescens dominated the high marsh. These two species make up >98% of individuals. On Simeonof Island, 93% of individuals in high-marsh settings above mean high water were B. pseudomacrescens. The tidal flat on Simeonof Island was dominated by Cibicides lobatulus (60% of individuals), but the lower limit of this species is subtidal and was not sampled. These results indicate that uplift or subsidence caused by repeated earthquakes along the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone could be reconstructed in coastal sediments using alternating assemblages of near monospecific B. pseudomacrescens and low-marsh or tidal-flat foraminifera. C1 [Kemp, Andrew C.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Kemp, Andrew C.; Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Culver, Stephen J.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Nelson, Alan; Briggs, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Kemp, AC (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM andrew.kemp@yale.edu OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247; Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664; Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU Yale University Climate and Energy Institute; United States Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program; NASA under NSF [EAR-0735156] FX The first author acknowledges a post-doctoral fellowship from the Yale University Climate and Energy Institute. Field research was funded by the United States Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program. Guy Gelfenbaum, Rich Koehler, and Rob Witter helped as part of the field team on Simeonof Island. Ray Tichenor, Hanna Thornberg, Caitlin Lauback, and Kelli Moran helped to prepare and analyze Simeonof foraminifera. Deborah, Molly, and Gary Carver kindly hosted us in Kodiak, A.K. We thank Rolan Ruoss at Seahawk Air (Kodiak City) and John Galvin (Sand Point) for providing safe passage to Sitkinak and Simeonof islands, respectively. The Global GNSS Network (GGN) is operated by UNAVCO at the direction of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with support from NASA under NSF Cooperative Agreement No. EAR-0735156. We thank Natasha Barlow, Marci Robinson, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 43 IS 1 BP 88 EP 98 PG 11 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 078DN UT WOS:000314078700008 ER PT J AU Van Iten, H Tollerton, VP Straeten, CAV Leme, JD Simoes, MG Rodrigues, SC AF Van Iten, Heyo Tollerton, Victor P., Jr. Straeten, Charles A. Ver Leme, Juliana De Moraes Simoes, Marcello Guimaraes Rodrigues, Sabrina Coelho TI Life mode of in situ Conularia in a Middle Devonian epibole SO PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conulariids; life mode; obrution deposits; ecological epibole; Middle Devonian; Mount Marion Formation ID UPPER ORDOVICIAN; PARANA BASIN; CNIDARIA; MOLLUSKS; PARACONULARIA; ENVIRONMENTS; ADAPTATIONS; SYSTEMATICS; AFFINITIES; MORPHOLOGY AB Exceptionally abundant specimens of Conularia aff. desiderata Hall occur in multiple marine obrution deposits, in a single sixth-order parasequence composed of argillaceous and silty very fine sandstone, in the Otsego Member of the Mount Marion Formation (Middle Devonian, Givetian) in eastern New York State, USA. Associated fossils consist mostly of rhynchonelliform brachiopods but also include bivalve molluscs, orthoconic nautiloids, linguliform brachiopods and gastropods. Many of the brachiopods, bivalve molluscs and conulariids have been buried in situ. Conulariids buried in situ are oriented with their aperture facing obliquely upward and with their long axis inclined at up to 87 degree to bedding. Most specimens are solitary, but some occur in V-like pairs or in radial clusters consisting of three specimens, with the component specimens being about equally long or (less frequently) substantially different in length. The compacted apical end of Conularia buried in situ generally rests upon argillaceous sandstone. With one possible exception, none of the examined specimens terminates in a schott (apical wall), and internal schotts appear to be absent. The apical ends of specimens in V-like pairs and radial clusters show no direct evidence of interconnection of their periderms. The apical, middle or apertural region of some inclined specimens abuts or is in close lateral proximity to a recumbent conulariid or to one or more spiriferid brachiopods, some of which have been buried in their original life orientation. The azimuthal bearings of Conularia and nautiloid long axes and the directions in which conulariids open are nonrandom, with conulariids being preferentially aligned between 350 and 50 degree and with their apertural end facing north-east, and nautiloids being preferentially aligned between 30 and 70 degree. Otsego Member Conularia were erect or semi-erect, epifaunal or partially infaunal animals, the apical end of which rested upon very fine bottom sediment. The origin of V-like pairs and radial clusters remains enigmatic, but it is probable that production of schotts was not a regular feature of this animals life history. Finally, conulariids and associated fauna were occasionally smothered by distal storm deposits, under the influence of relatively weak bottom currents. C1 [Van Iten, Heyo] Hanover Coll, Dept Geol, Hanover, IN 47243 USA. [Van Iten, Heyo] Cincinnati Museum Ctr, Dept Invertebrate Paleontol, Cincinnati, OH 45203 USA. [Tollerton, Victor P., Jr.] New York State Museum & Sci Serv, Utica, NY 13502 USA. [Straeten, Charles A. Ver] US Geol Survey, New York State Museum, Cultural Educ Ctr 3140, Albany, NY 12230 USA. [Simoes, Marcello Guimaraes] Univ Estadual Sao Paulo, Dept Zool, UNESP, IB, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Rodrigues, Sabrina Coelho] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Fac Ciencias Integradas Pontal FACIP, BR-38302000 Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil. RP Van Iten, H (reprint author), Hanover Coll, Dept Geol, Hanover, IN 47243 USA. EM vaniten@hanover.edu; vmtollerton@verizon.net; cverstra@nysed.gov; leme@usp.br; btsimoes@ibb.unesp.br; scrodrigues@pontal.ufu.br RI Simoes, Marcello/C-2373-2012; OI Simoes, Marcello/0000-0002-8706-3199 FU Hanover College Faculty Development Committee FX Permission to access the study site was granted by M. Wright. Many of the Conularia specimens examined here were found by M. Burkey, L. Hernick, Z. Lumley, T. and K. Preston, R. J. Van Iten and R. Wright. Photographs of fossil specimens were taken by K. Preston and T. Van Iten. Partial financial support for this research was provided by grants to the senior author from the Hanover College Faculty Development Committee. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-0239 EI 1475-4983 J9 PALAEONTOLOGY JI Paleontology PD JAN PY 2013 VL 56 IS 1 BP 29 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01146.x PG 20 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 073NI UT WOS:000313749300004 ER PT J AU Kamp, KV Rigge, M Troelstrup, NH Smart, AJ Wylie, B AF Kamp, Kendall Vande Rigge, Matthew Troelstrup, Nels H., Jr. Smart, Alexander J. Wylie, Bruce TI Detecting Channel Riparian Vegetation Response to Best-Management-Practices Implementation in Ephemeral Streams With the Use of Spot High-Resolution Visible Imagery SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE channel morphology; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); northern mixed-grass prairie; prairie cordgrass; remote sensing ID NORTH-AMERICA; WATER-QUALITY; CATTLE; LIVESTOCK; PRAIRIE; STRATEGIES; BIOMASS; BISON; YIELD; GRASS AB Heavily grazed riparian areas are commonly subject to channel incision, a lower water table, and reduced vegetation, resulting in sediment delivery above normal regimes. Riparian and in-channel vegetation functions as a roughness element and dissipates flow energy, maintaining stable channel geometry. Ash Creek, a tributary of the Bad River in western South Dakota contains a high proportion of incised channels, remnants of historically high grazing pressure. Best management practices (BMP), including off-stream watering sources and cross fencing, were implemented throughout the Bad River watershed during an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 319 effort to address high sediment loads. We monitored prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link) establishment within stream channels for 16 yr following BMP implementation. Photos were used to group stream reaches (n=103) subjectively into three classes; absent (estimated <5% cover; n=64), present (estimated 5-40% cover; n=23), and dense (estimated >40% cover; n=16) based on the relative amount of prairie cordgrass during 2010 assessments of ephemeral channels. Reaches containing drainage areas of 0.54 to 692 ha were delineated with the use of 2010 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were extracted from 5 to 39 sample points proportional to reach length using a series of Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) satellite imagery. Normalized NDVI (nNDVI) of 2 152 sample points were determined from pre- and post-BMP images. Mean nNDVI values for each reach ranged from 0.33 to 1.77. ANOVA revealed significant increase in nNDVI in locations classified as present prairie cordgrass cover following BMP implementation. Establishment of prairie cordgrass following BMP implementation was successfully detected remotely. Riparian vegetation such as prairie cordgrass adds channel roughness that reduces the flow energy responsible for channel degradation. C1 [Kamp, Kendall Vande; Troelstrup, Nels H., Jr.; Smart, Alexander J.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Rigge, Matthew] Arctic Slope Reg Corp Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Rigge, Matthew; Wylie, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Troelstrup, NH (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM nels.troelstrup@sdstate.edu RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Rigge, Matthew/0000-0003-4471-8009 FU USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) [2009-51130-06014]; USGS Climate and Land Use Program Research and Development [GX11ED00BJHZH00] FX Research was funded by the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) 2009-51130-06014 and USGS Climate and Land Use Program Research and Development GX11ED00BJHZH00. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 48 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 66 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00153.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082YH UT WOS:000314429400009 ER PT J AU Windham-Myers, L Ward, K Marvin-DiPasquale, M Agee, JL Kieu, LH Kakouros, E AF Windham-Myers, Lisamarie Ward, Kristen Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Agee, Jennifer L. Kieu, Le H. Kakouros, Evangelos TI Biogeochemical Implications of Episodic Impoundment in a Restored Tidal Marsh of San Francisco Bay, California SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anoxia; ethanol; flooding; methylmercury; rhizosphere; sulfide ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; METABOLIC RESPONSES; CRISSY FIELD; SALT MARSHES; SALINITY; SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY; WETLANDS; ESTUARY AB Impounded tidal conditions often compromise coastal marsh restoration goals, through vegetation loss and other biogeochemical feedbacks. To determine if episodic marsh impoundments could be partially responsible for the observed cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) dieback at Crissy Field, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, we examined sulfur chemistry and plant stress along transects between and during tidal inlet closure events from 2007 to 2008. During closures, porewater sulfide (PW S2-) concentrations did not respond consistently among sites, nor did they increase to levels likely to cause stress damage to cordgrass (>1 mM). However, sediment solid-phase total reduced sulfur (TRS) concentrations did respond strongly to closures both at surface and subsurface depth intervals, and they were greatest in sites with high organic matter content (>5%). The temporal patterns of both PW S2- and TRS suggest that while sulfate reduction may be enhanced during closure events, the free sulfide produced is largely precipitated into solid-phase minerals. Even without millimolar levels of PW S2-, plant stress was observed during closures, as indicated by a buildup of ethanol in root tissues, a by-product of fermentative respiration brought on by limited oxygen availability. Further, enhanced sulfate reduction may be related to the higher relative concentrations of methylmercury in low intertidal surface sediments observed during closure events. These data suggest that, in support of vegetated tidal marsh restoration goals, tidal flows should be maintained actively to reduce the impact of impoundment events on marsh biogeochemistry and productivity. C1 [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie; Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark; Agee, Jennifer L.; Kieu, Le H.; Kakouros, Evangelos] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ward, Kristen] Natl Pk Serv, Golden Gate Natl Recreat Area, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Windham-Myers, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 480, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lwindham@usgs.gov FU NPS-USGS Water Quality Program FX We acknowledge the NPS-USGS Water Quality Program for funding this research. We thank L. G. Miller, I. Woo, T. Williams, and the journal reviewers and editorial board for helpful reviews and comments on this manuscript. L. G. Miller and S. Baesman provided expertize in the use of the FID-GC for ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations in root tissues. Field and laboratory assistance were provided by USGS staff: Pilar Heredia-Middleton, Carolyn Coates, Steven Quistad, and Justin Kanerva. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00849.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075RM UT WOS:000313904200016 ER PT J AU McNutt, M AF McNutt, Marcia TI USGS Science in the Changing Arctic SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP McNutt, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 082IV UT WOS:000314386400008 ER PT J AU Jones, MC Booth, RK Yu, ZC Ferry, P AF Jones, Miriam C. Booth, Robert K. Yu, Zicheng Ferry, Paul TI A 2200-Year Record of Permafrost Dynamics and Carbon Cycling in a Collapse-Scar Bog, Interior Alaska SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE permafrost; thermokarst; peatland; fire; carbon; late holocene; climate; Alaska ID CENTRAL BROOKS RANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; NORTHERN PEATLAND; BOREAL PEATLANDS; ORGANIC-MATTER; TESTATE AMEBAS; CANADA; ACCUMULATION; FIRE AB Recent high-latitude warming is increasing the vulnerability of permafrost to thaw, which is amplified by local disturbances such as fire. However, the long-term ecological effects and carbon dynamics are not well understood. Here we present a 2200-year record of pollen, plant macrofossils, testate amoebae, and apparent carbon (C) accumulation rates from two peat cores in a collapse-scar bog (thermokarst) near Fairbanks, Alaska. A black spruce ecosystem with low apparent C accumulation rates existed on the site during the first similar to 1500 years of the record. We identify two thaw events, which are linked to local fires. Permafrost aggraded rapidly following the first thaw, which we attribute to local vegetation feedbacks and a cooler climate. The second thaw event at 525 cal y BP is preceded by a stand-replacing fire, as evidenced by a drastic decline in Picea and an initial increase in Epilobium, Salix, and ericaceous shrubs, followed by a sustained increase in Populus. Locally, the forest does not recover for more than 100 years, and the site has remained permafrost-free for the last 500 years. Following thaw, average apparent C accumulation rates (60 to > 100 g C m(-2) y(-1)) are 5-6 times higher than average boreal C accumulation rates, indicating that peat C accumulation rates can remain substantially elevated for much more than a century following thaw. The low apparent C accumulation for the formerly forested, permafrost peat (< 5 g C m(-2) y(-1)) may suggest that C accumulation increases substantially following thaw, but it remains unknown whether deep peat C loss occurred immediately following thaw. Well-preserved Sphagnum peat dominates during this period of rapid accumulation, except for an interval from similar to 400 to 275 cal y BP which alternates between Sphagnum and vascular plant-dominated peat and wetter, minerotrophic conditions. A decline in Picea pollen during this interval and again similar to 100 cal y BP suggests a decrease in suitable substrate for tree growth likely attributable to thermokarst expansion on the collapse-scar margin. These findings suggest that the combined effects of fire and thermokarst will result in a long-term reduction of spruce ecosystems in interior Alaska. C1 [Jones, Miriam C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jones, Miriam C.; Booth, Robert K.; Yu, Zicheng; Ferry, Paul] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Jones, Miriam C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jones, MC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM miriamjones@usgs.gov RI Yu, Zicheng/D-4108-2012; Booth, Robert/G-5563-2010 FU National Science Foundation [ATM 0628455] FX The authors would like to thank Stephanie Hunt and Dominik Wisser for field assistance. Michelle Mack and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM 0628455 (to Z.C.Y.). NR 75 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s10021-012-9592-5 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 077JW UT WOS:000314024900001 ER PT J AU Noe, GB Hupp, CR Rybicki, NB AF Noe, Gregory B. Hupp, Cliff R. Rybicki, Nancy B. TI Hydrogeomorphology Influences Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Mineralization in Floodplain Wetlands SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE nutrient; geomorphology; hydrologic connectivity; river; riparian; biogeochemistry ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; RIPARIAN FORESTS; SEDIMENT DEPOSITION; NORTHERN WETLANDS; SPECIES RICHNESS; NET NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; RETENTION AB Conceptual models of river-floodplain systems and biogeochemical theory predict that floodplain soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mineralization should increase with hydrologic connectivity to the river and thus increase with distance downstream (longitudinal dimension) and in lower geomorphic units within the floodplain (lateral dimension). We measured rates of in situ soil net ammonification, nitrification, N, and P mineralization using monthly incubations of modified resin cores for a year in the forested floodplain wetlands of Difficult Run, a fifth order urban Piedmont river in Virginia, USA. Mineralization rates were then related to potentially controlling ecosystem attributes associated with hydrologic connectivity, soil characteristics, and vegetative inputs. Ammonification and P mineralization were greatest in the wet backswamps, nitrification was greatest in the dry levees, and net N mineralization was greatest in the intermediately wet toe-slopes. Nitrification also was greater in the headwater sites than downstream sites, whereas ammonification was greater in downstream sites. Annual net N mineralization increased with spatial gradients of greater ammonium loading to the soil surface associated with flooding, soil organic and nutrient content, and herbaceous nutrient inputs. Annual net P mineralization was associated negatively with soil pH and coarser soil texture, and positively with ammonium and phosphate loading to the soil surface associated with flooding. Within an intensively sampled low elevation flowpath at one site, sediment deposition during individual incubations stimulated mineralization of N and P. However, the amount of N and P mineralized in soil was substantially less than the amount deposited with sedimentation. In summary, greater inputs of nutrients and water and storage of soil nutrients along gradients of river-floodplain hydrologic connectivity increased floodplain soil nutrient mineralization rates. C1 [Noe, Gregory B.; Hupp, Cliff R.; Rybicki, Nancy B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Noe, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM gnoe@usgs.gov OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science, Hydrologic Networks Analysis; National Research Programs FX This research was supported by the USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science, Hydrologic Networks & Analysis, and National Research Programs. We thank Nicholas Ostroski, Kristin Wolf, Ed Schenk, Myles Robinson, Mike Lowit, Krystal Bealing J.V. Loperfido, Dianna Hogan, and Meghan Fellows for their valuable contributions to its completion, and J.V. Loperfido and Camille Stagg for their constructive reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 79 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 131 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 BP 75 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s10021-012-9597-0 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 077JW UT WOS:000314024900006 ER PT J AU Peters, EB Wythers, KR Bradford, JB Reich, PB AF Peters, Emily B. Wythers, Kirk R. Bradford, John B. Reich, Peter B. TI Influence of Disturbance on Temperate Forest Productivity SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE disturbance; PnET; NPP; foliar N; N mineralization; Great Lakes ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOUTHERN BOREAL FOREST; LAND-USE HISTORY; CARBON DYNAMICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NITROGEN-AVAILABILITY; ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION; CANOPY NITROGEN; N STORAGE AB Climate, tree species traits, and soil fertility are key controls on forest productivity. However, in most forest ecosystems, natural and human disturbances, such as wind throw, fire, and harvest, can also exert important and lasting direct and indirect influence over productivity. We used an ecosystem model, PnET-CN, to examine how disturbance type, intensity, and frequency influence net primary production (NPP) across a range of forest types from Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA. We assessed the importance of past disturbances on NPP, net N mineralization, foliar N, and leaf area index at 107 forest stands of differing types (aspen, jack pine, northern hardwood, black spruce) and disturbance history (fire, harvest) by comparing model simulations with observations. The model reasonably predicted differences among forest types in productivity, foliar N, leaf area index, and net N mineralization. Model simulations that included past disturbances minimally improved predictions compared to simulations without disturbance, suggesting the legacy of past disturbances played a minor role in influencing current forest productivity rates. Modeled NPP was more sensitive to the intensity of soil removal during a disturbance than the fraction of stand mortality or wood removal. Increasing crown fire frequency resulted in lower NPP, particularly for conifer forest types with longer leaf life spans and longer recovery times. These findings suggest that, over long time periods, moderate frequency disturbances are a relatively less important control on productivity than climate, soil, and species traits. C1 [Peters, Emily B.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wythers, Kirk R.; Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. RP Peters, EB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ebpeters@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU University of Minnesota's Institute on the Environment; Wilderness Research Foundation; Superior National Forest; NSF [DEB 0620652] FX We thank Scott Ollinger for help with PnET-CN parameters and algorithms; Peter Snyder for advice on climate data; Matthew Peters for providing soil water holding capacity data; and all the researchers whose work provided useful comparative data. This work was funded by a Discovery Grant from the University of Minnesota's Institute on the Environment, the Wilderness Research Foundation, and the Superior National Forest. We also thank the NSF LTER program (DEB 0620652) for support. NR 69 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 125 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 BP 95 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s10021-012-9599-y PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 077JW UT WOS:000314024900007 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF Lance, MM Elliott, EW Jeffries, SJ Acevedo-Gutierrez, A Kennish, JM AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Lance, Monique M. Elliott, Elizabeth W. Jeffries, Steven J. Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro Kennish, John M. TI New insights into the diets of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Salish Sea revealed by analysis of fatty acid signatures SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; GREY SEALS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SCOTIAN SHELF; FECAL SAMPLES; FISH; PREY; CONSUMPTION AB Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are an abundant predator along the west coast of North America, and there is considerable interest in their diet composition, especially in regard to predation on valued fish stocks. Available information on harbor seal diets, primarily derived from scat analysis, suggests that adult salmon (Oncorhynchus app.), Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii), and gadids predominate. Because diet assessments based on scat analysis may be biased, we investigated diet composition through quantitative analysis of fatty acid signatures. Blubber samples from 49 harbor seals captured in western North America from haul-outs within the area of the San Juan Islands and southern Strait of Georgia in the Salish Sea were analyzed for fatty acid composition, along with 269 fish and squid specimens representing 27 potential prey classes. Diet estimates varied spatially, demographically, and among individual harbor seals. Findings confirmed the prevalence of previously identified prey species in harbor seal diets, but other species also contributed significantly. In particular, Black (Sebastes melanops) and Yellowtail (S. flavidus) Rockfish were estimated to compose up to 50% of some individual seal diets. Specialization and high predation rates on Black and Yellowtail Rockfish by a subset of harbor seals may play a role in the population dynamics of these regional rockfish stocks that is greater than previously realized. C1 [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lance, Monique M.; Jeffries, Steven J.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Res Div, Lakewood, WA 98498 USA. [Elliott, Elizabeth W.; Kennish, John M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Chem & Appl Sci, Engn & Technol ASET Lab, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbromaghin@usgs.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 FU National Science Foundation [0550443]; University of Alaska Anchorage; Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, Washington; U.S. Geological Survey; Alaska Science Center FX We thank B. Applegate, R. Tee, and S. Ali for their assistance in the ASET Laboratory; B. Hagedorn for logistical support and direction; D. Lambourn, B. Murphie, J. Gould, T. Cyra, J. Gaydos, K. Reuland, S. Peterson, P. Olesiuk, and many others for their help capturing seals; R. Sweeting (Fisheries and Oceans Canada and RV Ricker), S. O'Neill (NOAA), and G. Williams (NOAA) for providing fish samples; A. Default (NOAA), and Western Washington University students for assistance processing fish samples; and A. Thomas for creating Figure 1. We also thank K. Oakley (U.S. Geological Survey) for providing helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This study was supported by National Science Foundation Award No. 0550443 to A. Acevedo-Gutierrez, the University of Alaska Anchorage, Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey, and the Alaska Science Center. Harbor seal research activities were conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act Research Permit 782-1702-00. NR 73 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 50 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.7755/FB.111.1.2 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 078GI UT WOS:000314086300002 ER PT J AU Jung, HS Lu, Z Zhang, L AF Jung, Hyung-Sup Lu, Zhong Zhang, Lei TI Feasibility of Along-Track Displacement Measurement From Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide-Swath Mode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE European Remote Sensing (ERS); interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR); multiple-aperture InSAR (MAI); Sentinel-1; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SURFACE DEFORMATION; HECTOR MINE; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; RADAR AB The European Space Agency's Sentinel-1, a C-band imaging radar mission to be launched in mid-2013, will provide a continuity of radar data for monitoring the changing Earth. The azimuth resolution of Sentinel-1's background mode, interferometric wide-swath (IW) mode, is four times lower than that of European remote-sensing satellite (ERS) and Envisat systems. Therefore, the measurement accuracy of along-track displacement from Sentinel-1 IW images presumably will be significantly reduced. In this paper, we test the feasibility of along-track displacement measurement from Sentinel-1 IW mode. We simulate Sentinel-1 IW synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the ERS raw data that captured the coseismic deformation of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake in California. Along-track displacement maps are generated using multiple-aperture interferometric SAR (MAI) and intensity tracking techniques, respectively, and are compared with GPS measurements. The root-mean-square (rms) error between the synthetic Sentinel-1 MAI and GPS measurements is about 9.6 cm, which corresponds to only 0.5% of the azimuth resolution. The rms error between the along-track displacements from synthetic Sentinel-1 offset tracking and GPS is about 27.5 cm, which is about 1.4% of the azimuth resolution. These results suggest that the MAI method will still be useful to measure along-track displacements from Sentinel-1 IW InSAR imagery and that it would be difficult to effectively measure the along-track displacements by the Sentinel-1 offset tracking method. C1 [Jung, Hyung-Sup] Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul 130743, South Korea. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Zhang, Lei] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Jung, HS (reprint author), Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul 130743, South Korea. EM hsjung@uos.ac.kr; lu@usgs.gov; zhanglen@gmail.com RI Zhang, Lei/A-1412-2014; OI Zhang, Lei/0000-0002-8152-2470; Jung, Hyung-Sup/0000-0003-2335-8438 FU U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program; Space Core Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2011-0020884] FX This work was supported in part by U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program and in part by Space Core Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0020884). NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2197861 PN 2 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 077IO UT WOS:000314021300017 ER PT J AU Kirby, RE Widjeskog, LE AF Kirby, Ronald E. Widjeskog, Lee E. TI Sediment Redistributed by Coastal Marsh Mosquito Ditching in Cape May County, New Jersey, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Salt marsh; sea-level rise; sedimentation; Ochlerotatus sollicitans; mid-Atlantic coast; dredging; geomorphology; mosquito control ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; BACK-BARRIER LAGOON; GREAT SOUND; ATLANTIC COAST; SURFACE; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS AB Kirby, RE. and Widjeskog, L.E., 2013. Sediment redistributed by coastal marsh mosquito ditching in Cape May County, New Jersey, U.S.A. Journal of Coastal Research, 29(1), 86-93. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Effects of mosquito ditching on salt-marsh sediment budgets have not been quantified for lack of sufficient records, but such information is necessary to provide historical context for current management objectives. We were able to do so in Cape May County, New Jersey, where Mosquito Extermination Commission records reported 1,493,900 m(3) of spoil redistributed through ditching from 1902 to1974. The amount of spoil redistributed rose to 2,240,850 m(3)-22,987,800 m(3) overall when ditch-cleaning efforts were included. On a 54-km(2) study area, 161,560 m of ditches removed as much as 99,000 m3 of material. If all such sediment stayed in the system and was deposited in open water, it would have added 0.082 mm/y to those areas. If the sediments had accumulated only in the larger water bodies, it would have been sufficient to add 0.16 mm/y to those areas. Alternatively, if the material had been deposited only on the marsh surface, the material displaced by mosquito ditching was capable of adding only 0.036 mm/y. These rates are inconsequential in a system infilling at a rate of 4.4-7.4 mm/y. Materials released by mosquito ditching thus have added to the sediment budgets of this coastal system, but shoaling of bays and sounds in recent centuries is a consequence of increases in all sediment sources including many of anthropogenic origin. Nonetheless, other consequences of ditching to the marsh (e.g., increased drainage, transport of water, and erosion of ditch banks) are not negligible in consideration of all anthropogenic effects. These data can help parameterize models of salt-marsh accretion in the face of climate change. C1 [Kirby, Ronald E.] US Geol Survey, Off Sci Qual & Integr, Auburn, WA 98092 USA. [Widjeskog, Lee E.] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Millville, NJ 08332 USA. RP Kirby, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Sci Qual & Integr, 32824 169th Ave SE, Auburn, WA 98092 USA. EM ronald_kirby@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00002.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 076AZ UT WOS:000313930200009 ER PT J AU Barber-Meyer, SM Jnawali, SR Karki, JB Khanal, P Lohani, S Long, B MacKenzie, DI Pandav, B Pradhan, NMB Shrestha, R Subedi, N Thapa, G Thapa, K Wikramanayake, E AF Barber-Meyer, S. M. Jnawali, S. R. Karki, J. B. Khanal, P. Lohani, S. Long, B. MacKenzie, D. I. Pandav, B. Pradhan, N. M. B. Shrestha, R. Subedi, N. Thapa, G. Thapa, K. Wikramanayake, E. TI Influence of prey depletion and human disturbance on tiger occupancy in Nepal SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nepal; occupancy; Panthera tigris; prey depletion; Terai Arc Landscape; tiger ID CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE; LANDSCAPE AB Tigers are globally endangered and continue to decline due to poaching, prey depletion and habitat loss. In Nepal, tiger populations are fragmented and found mainly in four protected areas (PAs). To establish the use of standard methods, to assess the importance of prey availability and human disturbance on tiger presence and to assess tiger occupancy both inside and outside PAs, we conducted a tiger occupancy survey throughout the Terai Arc Landscape of Nepal. Our model-average estimate of the probability of tiger site occupancy was 0.366 [standard error (se) = 0.02, a 7% increase from the naive estimate] and the probability of detection estimate was 0.65 (se = 0.08) per 1 km searched. Modeled tiger site occupancy ranged from 0.04 (se = 0.05) in areas with a relatively lower prey base and higher human disturbance to 1 (se = 0 and 0.14) in areas with a higher prey base and lower human disturbance. We estimated tigers occupied just 5049 (se = 3) km(2) (36%) of 13 915 km(2) potential tiger habitat (forests and grasslands), and we detected sign in four of five key corridors linking PAs across Nepal and India, respectively indicating significant unoccupied areas likely suitable for tigers and substantial potential for tiger dispersal. To increase tiger populations and to promote long-term persistence in Nepal, otherwise suitable areas should be managed to increase prey and minimize human disturbance especially in critical corridors linking core tiger populations. C1 [Barber-Meyer, S. M.; Lohani, S.; Long, B.; Wikramanayake, E.] WWF US, Washington, DC USA. [Jnawali, S. R.; Subedi, N.] Natl Trust Nat Conservat, Lalitpur, Nepal. [Karki, J. B.] Dept Natl Pk & Wildlife Conservat, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Khanal, P.; Pradhan, N. M. B.; Shrestha, R.; Thapa, G.; Thapa, K.] WWF Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. [MacKenzie, D. I.] Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Pandav, B.] WWF Int, Gland, Switzerland. RP Barber-Meyer, SM (reprint author), USGS, 1393 Highway 169, Ely, MN 55731 USA. EM shannonbarbermeyer@gmail.com FU Save The Tiger Fund; World Wildlife Fund (WWF) US; US Fish and Wildlife Service; WWF UK; WWF International; Tiger Monitoring Steering Committee, Wildlife Task Force FX This study was part of the Monitoring Capacity Building in the Terai Arc (Nepal) project funded by the Save The Tiger Fund, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) US, US Fish and Wildlife Service, WWF UK and WWF International. The project was executed by WWF Nepal under the leadership of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) and in collaboration with the Department of Forests and the National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC). Protected Area and District Forest office staff, wildlife technicians and student volunteers assisted with field work. We received support from the Tiger Monitoring Steering Committee, Wildlife Task Force including Mr Gopal Prasad Upadhyaya and Mr Megh Bahadur Pandey with the Government of Nepal/DNPWC, Mr Shyam Bajimaya and Dr Rajan Pokhrel with the Department of Forests, Mr Anil Manandhar and Dr Ghana Shyam Gurung with WWF Nepal and Mr Juddha Bahadur Gurung with the NTNC. We thank Monika Shrestha with WWF Nepal for editing the figures. We sincerely thank Dr James Nichols (US Geological Survey) for help with study design. We thank three anonymous reviewers and Dr Fridolin Zimmermann (KORA, Switzerland) for their very helpful suggestions. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 118 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 289 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2012.00956.x PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 074RN UT WOS:000313830900002 ER PT J AU Strickland, BA Wooden, JL Mattinson, CG Ushikubo, T Miller, DM Valley, JW AF Strickland, By Ariel Wooden, Joseph L. Mattinson, Chris G. Ushikubo, Takayuki Miller, David M. Valley, John W. TI Proterozoic evolution of the Mojave crustal province as preserved in the Ivanpah Mountains, southeastern California SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mojave province; Proterozoic; Zircon; Monazite; Migmatites; 1.67 Ga extension ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; GRAND-CANYON; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; ZIRCON; ARIZONA; MONAZITE; ISOTOPE; GROWTH; ROCKS AB In the western U.S., numerous exposures of Precambrian crustal rocks were exhumed from mid-crustal depths during Cenozoic tectonic events and provide a view into the deep crust. This natural laboratory provides an excellent opportunity to study orogenic and continent-forming processes at deeper levels. The Ivanpah Mountains of southeastern California contain exposures of Paleoproterozoic migmatites and banded gneisses that belong to the Mojave crustal province. New, detailed U-Pb geochronology of monazite and zircon from ortho- and paragneisses reveal the timing of the formation of these rocks and multiple periods of metamorphism and magmatism. Paragneisses have detrital zircon populations of dominantly 1.80-2.15 Ga (dominant) and 2.4-2.8 Ga, although the youngest detrital zircon grain is 1.754 +/- 24 Ga. Values of delta O-18(zircon) of the two detrital age populations are 7.0 +/- 2.2 parts per thousand and 6.3 +/- 1.4 parts per thousand (2SD), respectively, consistent with original, igneous values. Based on the 1.76 Ga age of metamorphic zircon rims, the metasediments were intruded by a calc-alkaline magmatic suite including gabbro, tonalite, and porphyritic granite at 1.76 Ga, although the contacts are obscured by pervasive metamorphism and deformation. U-Pb ages of metamorphic overgrowths on detrital zircons from the paragneisses indicate multiple events at similar to 1.76, 1.74, 1.70 and 1.67 Ga which documents a periodicity of tectonism through time. The oxygen isotope ratios of the metamorphic zircon overgrowths from the paragneisses remained relatively constant through time within each sample, consistent with growth during in situ partial melting. However, oxygen isotope ratios of zircons from 1.74 Ga leucocratic material are lower in delta O-18, and therefore could not have been generated by partial melting of the adjacent paragneiss. Monazite from both igneous and metasedimentary rocks preserves two periods of growth at 1.75 and 1.67 Ga. In situ, U-Pb dating of monazite reveals that 1.67 Ga monazite inclusions are found in major rock-forming minerals, and therefore we interpret this as the timing of fabric formation and rnigmitization, which is younger than previously believed and is interpreted to be the dominant metamorphic pulse in the protracted middle crustal tectonism. Thermobarometry indicates peak metamorphic conditions of similar to 3.5 kb and similar to 740 degrees C, which is consistent with partial melting and the metamorphic mineral assemblage in these rocks (sillimanite + K-feldspar, muscovite absent). This paper shows (1) multiple pulses identified within 100 Ma orogeny, (2) zircon components and their overgrowths demonstrate mixing of Archean, 1.8 and younger reservoirs, (3) low pressure granulite fades metamorphism occurred at 1.67 Ga and may have been related to continental extension of a tectonically over-thickened crust. (c) 2012 ElSevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Strickland, By Ariel; Wooden, Joseph L.; Mattinson, Chris G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.; Miller, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mattinson, Chris G.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Strickland, By Ariel; Ushikubo, Takayuki; Valley, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Strickland, BA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM strick@geology.wisc.edu RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0319230, 0744079, 1053466] FX We would like to acknowledge several people who made this research possible. We thank Elizabeth Miller for her support, revisions and numerous discussions of this manuscript. We also thank Andy Barth for helpful discussions. Mike Spicuzza aided in the generation of the laser fluorination data, and John Fournelle assisted with the electron microprobe data. We than Brad Ito for his assistance with the SHRIMP-RG, and Noriko Kita and Jim Kern for their assistance on the IMS-1280. We also thank Brian Hess for help with sample preparation. Wisc-SIMS is funded by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0319230, 0744079, and 1053466). NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 224 BP 222 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2012.09.006 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 073TO UT WOS:000313765800014 ER PT J AU McGill, SF Owen, LA Weldon, RJ Kendrick, KJ AF McGill, Sally F. Owen, Lewis A. Weldon, Ray J., II Kendrick, Katherine J. TI Latest Pleistocene and Holocene slip rate for the San Bernardino strand of the San Andreas fault, Plunge Creek, Southern California: Implications for strain partitioning within the southern San Andreas fault system for the last similar to 35 k.y. SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID AMERICA PLATE BOUNDARY; JACINTO FAULT; TRANSVERSE RANGES; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; SOIL DEVELOPMENT; STREAM CHANNEL; UNITED-STATES; GORGONIO PASS; ALLUVIAL-FAN; STRIKE-SLIP AB An alluvial succession on the northeast side of the San Bernardino strand of the San Andreas fault includes distinctive aggradational and degradational features that can be matched with correlative features on the southwest side of the fault. Key among these are (1) a terrace riser on the northeast side of the fault that correlates with an offset channel wall on the southwest side of the fault and forms a basis for slip estimates for the period ca. 35 ka to the present, and (2) a small alluvial fan on the southwest side of the fault that has been matched with its most likely source gullies on the northeast side of the fault and forms a basis for slip estimates for the last 10.5 k.y. Slip-rate estimates for these two separate intervals are nearly identical. The rate for the older feature is most likely between 8.3 and 14.5 mm/yr, with a 95% confidence interval of 7.0-15.7 mm/yr. The rate for the younger feature is most likely between 6.8 and 16.3 mm/yr, with a 95% confidence interval of 6.3-18.5 mm/yr. These rates are only half the previously published slip rate for the San Andreas fault 35 km to the northwest in Cajon Pass, a rate that traditionally is extrapolated southeastward along the San Bernardino section of the fault. Results from Plunge Creek suggest that about half of the 25 mm/yr rate at Cajon Pass transfers southeastward to the San Jacinto fault, as proposed by other workers on the basis of regional geologic relations. These results indicate that the discrepancy between latest Quaternary slip rates and present-day rates of strain accumulation across the San Bernardino section of the San Andreas fault from geodesy can be largely explained by slip transfer between faults, leading to spatial variation in rate along the San Andreas fault. Nonetheless, the latest Pleistocene and Holocene slip rate at Plunge Creek is still somewhat faster than rates inferred for the San Bernardino section of the San Andreas fault based on elastic block modeling of geodetic data and may be more appropriate than those rates for hazard estimation. C1 [McGill, Sally F.] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Geol Sci, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. [Owen, Lewis A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Weldon, Ray J., II] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Kendrick, Katherine J.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP McGill, SF (reprint author), Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Geol Sci, 5500 Univ Pkwy, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. EM smcgill@csusb.edu; lewis.owen@uc.edu; ray@uoregon.edu; kendrick@gps.caltech.edu FU Southern California Earthquake Center FX This work was supported by multiple grants from the Southern California Earthquake Center. We thank Gary Rasmussen, Donn Schwartzkopf, and Jay Martin for helpful discussions regarding the results of their trenching studies within the Plunge Creek area. We thank Camille Bahri and Spring Pacific Properties for granting permission for the excavations we conducted for this study. Sinan Akciz, Jonathan Matti, Katherine Scharer, Lisa Grant Ludwig, and John Fletcher provided very helpful reviews of the manuscript. Amanda Lopez, Amanda Wilcox, and Joseph Salazar assisted with field work. James Budahn and Tim Debey conducted the NAA measurements. This is Southern California Earthquake Center Publication 1596. NR 90 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 23 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 125 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 72 DI 10.1130/B30647.1 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 065FL UT WOS:000313133800004 ER PT J AU Field, L Blundy, J Calvert, A Yirgu, G AF Field, L. Blundy, J. Calvert, A. Yirgu, G. TI Magmatic history of Dabbahu, a composite volcano in the Afar Rift, Ethiopia SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PERALKALINE SILICIC MAGMAS; FE-TI OXIDES; OXYGEN FUGACITY; RED-SEA; DYKE INTRUSIONS; PLATE-TECTONICS; PHASE-RELATIONS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; TRACE-ELEMENT; PANTELLERIA AB Dabbahu is a composite volcano at the north end of the active Manda-Hararo segment of the Afar Rift in northern Ethiopia. We present 93 new whole-rock analyses, mineral analyses from 65 samples, and 9 new Ar-40-Ar-39 dates for rocks ranging in composition from mildly alkaline basalt through trachyandesite to peralkaline rhyolite (comendite and pantellerite) erupted from Dabbahu. These data, supplemented by a new geological map, are used to provide insights into the evolution of the volcano. We show that Dabbahu has been active for over 67 k.y., but an apparent hiatus occurred between the eruption of comendite (29 ka) and pantellerite (ca. 8 ka) lavas. Mineral data for olivine, clinopyroxene, plagio-clase, and alkali feldspar show a remarkably extensive range of solid solution across the rock suite consistent with protracted fractionation from basalt to rhyolite. The parental basalt is compositionally similar to recent rift-related basalts in the Manda-Hararo rift, with low initial H2O contents (<1 wt%). Closed-system fractionation increased H2O contents of residual liquids sufficiently for some rhyolites to erupt both explosively and effusively. The diverse magma types were erupted from a relatively closely spaced network of vents and fissures. Field evidence indicates that magmas were not erupted in a simple fractionation sequence. Some mixing occurred between magmas of less-evolved compositions and more-evolved compositions shortly prior to, or during, eruption. The differentiation of basalt to rhyolite must have occurred on time scales that were relatively short compared to the lifetime of the volcano, probably due to the small volumes of basalt intruded into the crust and consequently enhanced cooling and crystallization rates. A network of stacked sills or closely spaced dikes in the shallow to midcrust represents the most plausible configuration of the subvolcanic plumbing system. Input of new magma batches into such a system may serve as a key eruption trigger at Dabbahu. C1 [Field, L.; Blundy, J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Calvert, A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Yirgu, G.] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Field, L (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM l.p.field@gmail.com FU National Environmental Research Council Afar Rift Consortium [NE/F007604/1] FX We would like to thank C. Bacon, J. Lowenstern, J. Maclennan, and C. Miller for insightful and constructive reviews of this manuscript. This work has been supported by National Environmental Research Council Afar Rift Consortium grant NE/F007604/1. We acknowledge the generous support of the University of Addis Ababa with field-work arrangements, particularly E. Lewi and A. Ayele, and the Afar Regional Government for invaluable assistance. We gratefully acknowledge technical assistance provided by S. Kearns (electron microprobe), N. Marsh, and R. Kelly (X-ray fluorescence). NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 30 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 125 IS 1-2 BP 128 EP 147 DI 10.1130/B30560.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 065FL UT WOS:000313133800008 ER PT J AU Jones, DS Barnes, CG Premo, WR Snoke, AW AF Jones, Daniel S. Barnes, Calvin G. Premo, Wayne R. Snoke, Arthur W. TI Reactivation of the Archean-Proterozoic suture along the southern margin of Laurentia during the Mazatzal orogeny: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of ca. 1.63 Ga granite in southeastern Wyoming SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LAKE-SUPERIOR REGION; THICKENED CONTINENTAL-CRUST; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; NORTH-AMERICA; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CHEYENNE BELT; PALEOPROTEROZOIC EVOLUTION; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; ACCRETIONARY TECTONICS; ION MICROPROBE AB The presence of ca. 1.63 Ga monzogranite (the "white quartz monzonite") in the southern Sierra Madre, southeastern Wyoming, is anomalous given its distance from the nearest documented plutons of similar age (central Colorado) and the nearest contemporaneous tectonic margin (New Mexico). It is located immediately south of the Cheyenne belt-a ca. 1.75 Ga Archean-Proterozoic tectonic suture. New geochronological, isotopic, and geochemical data suggest that emplacement of the white quartz monzonite occurred between ca. 1645 and 1628 Ma (main pulse ca. 1628 Ma) and that the white quartz monzonite originated primarily by partial melting of the Big Creek Gneiss, a modified arc complex. There is no evidence that mafic magmas were involved. Open folds of the ca. 1750 Ma regional foliation are cut by undeformed white quartz monzonite. On a regional scale, rocks intruded by the white quartz monzonite have experienced higher pressure and temperature conditions and are migmatitic as compared to the surrounding rocks, suggesting a genetic relationship between the white quartz monzonite and tectonic exhumation. We propose that regional shortening imbricated the Big Creek Gneiss, uplifting the now-exposed high-grade rocks of the Big Creek Gneiss (hanging wall of the thrust and wall rock to the white quartz monzonite) and burying correlative rocks, which partially melted to form the white quartz monzonite. This tectonism is attributed to the ca. 1.65 Ga Mazatzal orogeny, as foreland shortening spread progressively into the Yavapai Province. Mazatzal foreland effects have also been described in the Great Lakes region and have been inferred in the Black Hills of South Dakota. We suggest that the crustal-scale rheologic contrast across the Archean-Proterozoic suture, originally developed along the southern margin of Laurentia, and including the Cheyenne belt, facilitated widespread reactivation of that boundary during the Mazatzal orogeny. This finding emphasizes the degree to which crustal heterogeneities can localize subsequent deformation in accretionary orogens, producing significant crustal melting in the distal foreland-a region not typically associated with orogenic magmatism. C1 [Jones, Daniel S.] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. [Barnes, Calvin G.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Premo, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Snoke, Arthur W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Jones, DS (reprint author), Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. EM dsjones@wcu.edu FU Geological Society of America [8559-07]; Wyoming National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Grant Consortium [NNG0G165H]; Wyoming Geological Association; Colorado Scientific Society; Tobacco Root Geological Society; Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wyoming FX This work is part of the Ph.D. dissertation of Daniel S. Jones. Financial support was provided in part by the Geological Society of America (grant 8559-07), Wyoming National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Grant Consortium (grant NNG0G165H), the Wyoming Geological Association, Colorado Scientific Society, Tobacco Root Geological Society, and Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wyoming. We thank Phil Nickerson and Mark Moyer for field assistance, Melanie Barnes for training and geochemical analyses, and Joe Wooden for training and assistance at the Stanford USGS Micro Analysis Center (SUMAC) sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe facility. Discussions with Kevin Chamberlain helped to clarify many of the ideas presented in this paper. Part of this work was completed in collaboration with researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver, Colorado, in conjunction with other research conducted for their Central Colorado Assessment Project within the survey's Central Region Earth Surfaces Processes team. Detailed reviews of an early version of this manuscript by John Aleinikoff and Karl Kellogg and constructive reviews by Pat Bickford and Colin Shaw are greatly appreciated. NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 125 IS 1-2 BP 164 EP 183 DI 10.1130/B30577.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 065FL UT WOS:000313133800010 ER PT J AU Sanders, JW Cuffey, KM MacGregor, KR Collins, BD AF Sanders, Johnny W. Cuffey, Kurt M. MacGregor, Kelly R. Collins, Brian D. TI The sediment budget of an alpine cirque SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL EROSION; NONGLACIAL EROSION; GRINNELL GLACIER; BITTERROOT RANGE; CASCADE RANGE; NATIONAL-PARK; NEW-ZEALAND; RATES; USA; MOUNTAINS AB Cirques form and evolve as glaciers attack the bed and subaerial processes dismantle the surrounding walls. Collectively, these processes-which can make a cirque longer, or deeper, or both-profoundly influence near-divide regions of glaciated mountains and yet are rarely studied in a systematic way. Toward this end, we developed a theoretical framework for the sediment budget of a cirque that includes sediment sources, transport pathways, and storage elements. We quantified each component of the sediment budget using field measurements and remote-sensing data of a glaciated alpine cirque in British Columbia, Canada. The cirque has a plan-view area of 1.64 km(2) and relief of similar to 780 m. Our budget values, which correspond to a period of substantial glacier retreat, are based on measurements reflecting time intervals ranging from 1 yr to 80 yr. We report errors as a range (enclosed in parentheses), analogous to 95% confidence bounds. On average, 1640 (250-7950) metric tons of rock are released by the headwall each year; nearly 90% of this debris leaves the wall as small rockfalls or in snow avalanches. Our field observations indicated that snow avalanches originating as cornice failures are currently the most important transport process on the headwall. We estimated the mass of debris transported annually by the glacier to the foreland using (1) the volume and age of the foreland ground moraine and (2) the product of rock mass per unit volume of ice and glacier velocity. Over the past several decades, the glacier delivered 6440 (1180-14930) tons/yr to the foreland via forward ice motion and margin retreat (mostly in subglacial till or sediment-rich basal layers). Less than 3% of the glacier-borne sediment flux traveled as supraglacial debris (170 [50-320] tons/yr). At present, sediment evacuation from the cirque occurs in a single meltwater stream. We monitored water discharge and suspended sediment concentration in this stream between 29 June and 28 August 2007. By season's end, 650 (80-1860) tons of sediment had passed our gauging station (equivalent to an erosion rate of 0.2 [0.03-0.70] mm/yr, when averaged over the glacier bed). Approximately one third of the total annual streamborne sediment transport occurred over a 2 d period during the first major melt event of the year. Using our budget relations and flux magnitudes, we estimate the glacier is removing between 1240 and 2470 tons of rock from its bed per year, a rate equivalent to 0.5-0.9 mm/yr of erosion glacierwide. The headwall, by comparison, is being worn away horizontally at similar to 1.2 (0.2-5.9) mm/yr. Thus, our results suggest that the headwall is retreating at rates roughly equivalent to vertical incision by the glacier. Our sediment budget results demonstrate that the wide variety of sediment sources and transport processes active in cirques necessitates a holistic view of cirque formation, one that most morphometric, range-scale, and glacial erosion analyses ignore. C1 [Sanders, Johnny W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cuffey, Kurt M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [MacGregor, Kelly R.] Macalester Coll, Dept Geol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sanders, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jws@eps.berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation FX We are indebted to Tom Tobin, Jeffrey Kavanaugh, Christine Dow, Justin Beckers, Jeffrey Moore, Luke Sanders, Andrew Bliss, Yosuke Adachi, Vernon Legakis, Chris Miller, Leigh Johnson, Dorn Galic, Sabrina Belknap, Ian Nicholson, Elena Evans, Jenny Cooper, and Mary Dain for field assistance, CH2M Hill (formerly Veco) Polar Services for logistical support, and William Dietrich for his comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We thank Simon Brocklehurst, Brad Johnson, and Emmanuel Gabet for their thorough and thoughtful reviews. Don McTighe, Craig Ward, Paul Quanstrom, and Ryan Harris of Alpine Helicopters (Golden, British Columbia) are commended for their professionalism and generosity. Brett Degner generously helped draft several of the figures. Claire Le Gall translated de Martonne (1901) from the French. This research was partially funded by National Science Foundation Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics grants awarded to Cuffey and MacGregor. NR 94 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 51 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 125 IS 1-2 BP 229 EP 248 DI 10.1130/B30688.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 065FL UT WOS:000313133800014 ER PT J AU Hall, JS Krauss, S Franson, JC TeSlaa, JL Nashold, SW Stallknecht, DE Webby, RJ Webster, RG AF Hall, Jeffrey S. Krauss, Scott Franson, J. Christian TeSlaa, Joshua L. Nashold, Sean W. Stallknecht, David E. Webby, Richard J. Webster, Robert G. TI Avian influenza in shorebirds: experimental infection of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) with avian influenza virus SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Avian; infection; influenza; pathogenesis; shorebird; turnstone ID A VIRUSES; MIGRATORY BIRDS; NORTH-AMERICA; WILD BIRDS; DUCKS; H5N1; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; EUROPE AB Please cite this paper as: Hall et al. (2012) Avian influenza in shorebirds: experimental infection of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) with avian influenza virus. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00358.x. Background Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) have been reported in shorebirds, especially at Delaware Bay, USA, during spring migration. However, data on patterns of virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome are lacking. The ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) is the shorebird species with the highest prevalence of influenza virus at Delaware Bay. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to experimentally assess the patterns of influenza virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome in ruddy turnstones. Methods We experimentally challenged ruddy turnstones using a common LPAIV shorebird isolate, an LPAIV waterfowl isolate, or a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. Cloacal and oral swabs and sera were analyzed from each bird. Results Most ruddy turnstones had pre-existing antibodies to avian influenza virus, and many were infected at the time of capture. The infectious doses for each challenge virus were similar (103.6104.16 EID50), regardless of exposure history. All infected birds excreted similar amounts of virus and showed no clinical signs of disease or mortality. Influenza A-specific antibodies remained detectable for at least 2 months after inoculation. Conclusions These results provide a reference for interpretation of surveillance data, modeling, and predicting the risks of avian influenza transmission and movement in these important hosts. C1 [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Franson, J. Christian; TeSlaa, Joshua L.; Nashold, Sean W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Krauss, Scott; Webby, Richard J.; Webster, Robert G.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Div Virol, Memphis, TN USA. [Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jshall@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; TeSlaa, Joshua/0000-0001-7802-3454; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Nashold, Sean/0000-0002-8869-6633 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700005C, HHSN266200700007C]; American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities FX Critical components of this study required the technical assistance of David Walker at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Robin E. Russell of the NWHC, and the exemplary work of the animal care staff at the NWHC. This work has been funded, in whole or in part, by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract Nos. HHSN266200700005C and HHSN266200700007C, and by the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD JAN PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00358.x PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 058QZ UT WOS:000312650000013 PM 22498031 ER PT J AU Muinos, SB Hein, JR Frank, M Monteiro, JH Gaspar, L Conrad, T Pereira, HG Abrantes, F AF Muinos, Susana Bolhao Hein, James R. Frank, Martin Monteiro, Jose Hipolito Gaspar, Luis Conrad, Tracey Pereira, Henrique Garcia Abrantes, Fatima TI Deep-sea Fe-Mn Crusts from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: Composition and Resource Considerations SO MARINE GEORESOURCES & GEOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ferromanganese crusts; northeast Atlantic; Portuguese EEZ; resource considerations; seamounts ID RICH FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; EARTH ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; CENTRAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; COBALT-RICH; MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; INDIAN-OCEAN; NE ATLANTIC; SEAMOUNT; PLATINUM AB Eighteen deep-sea ferromanganese crusts (Fe-Mn crusts) from 10 seamounts in the northeast Atlantic were studied. Samples were recovered from water depths of 1,200 to 4,600 m from seamounts near Madeira, the Canary and Azores islands, and one sample from the western Mediterranean Sea. The mineralogical and chemical compositions of the samples indicate that the crusts are typical continental margin, hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts. The Fe-Mn crusts exhibit a Co + Cu + Ni maximum of 0.96 wt%. Platinum-group element contents analyzed for five samples showed Pt contents from 153 to 512 ppb. The resource potential of Fe-Mn crusts within and adjacent to the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is evaluated to be comparable to that of crusts in the central Pacific, indicating that these Atlantic deposits may be an important future resource. C1 [Muinos, Susana Bolhao; Monteiro, Jose Hipolito; Gaspar, Luis; Abrantes, Fatima] Lab Nacl Energia & Geol, Unidade Gel Marinha, Amadora, Portugal. [Hein, James R.; Conrad, Tracey] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Muinos, Susana Bolhao; Frank, Martin] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Sci, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Pereira, Henrique Garcia] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Tecn, CERENA, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Muinos, SB (reprint author), Inst Portugues Mar & Atmosfera IP, Div Geol Georecursos & Marinhos, Rua C Aeroporto Lisboa, P-1749077 Lisbon, Portugal. EM susana.muinos@ipma.pt RI LNEG, Producao Cientifica/D-2212-2012; Garcia Pereira, Henrique/I-7980-2012; BOLHAO MUINOS, SUSANA/D-7763-2015; Abrantes, Fatima/B-5985-2013 OI Garcia Pereira, Henrique/0000-0003-2451-4682; BOLHAO MUINOS, SUSANA/0000-0002-0043-9983; Abrantes, Fatima/0000-0002-9110-0212 FU Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) [PDCT/MAR/56823/2004]; FCT [SFRH/BD/22263/2005]; POCI [2010/EU]; LNEG; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Council); University of Nantes; French INSU-CNRS Institute; INGMAR Project (FCT) FX We thank the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) for financial support through Project PDCT/MAR/56823/2004; FCT also supported a fellowship to S. B. M. (SFRH/BD/22263/2005) co-financed by POCI 2010/EU. Additional support to S. B. M. was provided by a LNEG fellowship. We acknowledge K. Hoernle, the crew and scientific party of Meteor M51/1 cruise as well as the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Council) for funding. We acknowledge J. Girardeau, the onboard scientific team, the University of Nantes and the French INSU-CNRS Institute for the financial support that made possible the collection of the samples from the Tore-Madeira Cruise and for kindly having made these samples available for this work. We also thank the co-chiefs of the TTR-11 Cruise, the onboard team and the UNESCO-IOC TTR Program for the samples collected during the TTR-11 cruise, which was funded by INGMAR Project (FCT). We also thank S. M. Lebreiro, L. M. Pinheiro, R. Dunham, J. Noiva, J. Dias, F. Neves, C. Lopes and M. Mil-Homens for their help and discussions. The editors and two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their contribution to the improvement of this paper. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-119X J9 MAR GEORESOUR GEOTEC JI Mar. Geores. Geotechnol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 31 IS 1 BP 40 EP 70 DI 10.1080/1064119X.2012.661215 PG 31 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Geological; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 072OE UT WOS:000313680900003 ER PT J AU Engle, MA Rowan, EL AF Engle, Mark A. Rowan, Elisabeth L. TI Interpretation of Na-Cl-Br Systematics in Sedimentary Basin Brines: Comparison of Concentration, Element Ratio, and Isometric Log-ratio Approaches SO MATHEMATICAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Brine; Isometric log-ratio; Compositional data analysis; Appalachian Basin; Produced Water ID COMPOSITIONAL DATA-ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; NATURAL-WATERS; 25-DEGREES-C; EVAPORATION; CHEMISTRY AB Mathematicians and geochemists have long realized that compositional data intrinsically exhibit a structure prone to spurious and induced correlations. This paper demonstrates, using the Na-Cl-Br system, that these mathematical problems are exacerbated in the study of sedimentary basin brines by such processes as the evaporation or dissolution of salts owing to their high salinities. Using two published datasets of Na-Cl-Br data for fluids from the Appalachian Basin, it is shown that log concentration and Na/Br versus Cl/Br methods for displaying solute chemistry may lead to misinterpretation of mixing trends between meteoric waters (for example shallow drinking water aquifers) and basinal brines, partially due to spurious mathematical relationships. An alternative approach, based on the isometric log-ratio transformation of molar concentration data, is developed and presented as an alternative method, free from potential numerical problems of the traditional methods. The utility, intuitiveness, and potential for mathematical problems of the three methods are compared and contrasted. Because the Na-Cl-Br system is a useful tool for sourcing solutes and investigating the evolution of basinal brines, results from this research may impact such critical topics as evaluating sources of brine contamination in the environment (possibly related to oil and gas production), evaluating the behavior of fluids in the reservoir during hydraulic fracturing, and tracking movement of fluids as a result of geologic CO2 sequestration. C1 [Engle, Mark A.; Rowan, Elisabeth L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Engle, Mark A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Engle, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM engle@usgs.gov OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program. The authors would also like to acknowledge Lin Ma (University of Texas at El Paso), Jennifer McIntosh (University of Arizona, U. S. Geological Survey), Ricardo Olea (U. S. Geological Survey), Josep Antoni Martin Fernandez (Universitat de Girona), and two anonymous journal reviewers for providing critical comments and corrections to this paper. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-8961 J9 MATH GEOSCI JI Math Geosci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 45 IS 1 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s11004-012-9436-z PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 072GE UT WOS:000313656800005 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Martin, C Teigell-Perez, N Lyles, M Valladares, B Griffin, DW AF Gonzalez-Martin, Cristina Teigell-Perez, Nuria Lyles, Mark Valladares, Basilio Griffin, Dale W. TI Epifluorescent direct counts of bacteria and viruses from topsoil of various desert dust storm regions SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Desert soils; Bacteria; Viruses; Direct counts; Dust storms ID MICROORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENTS; MENINGITIS; TRANSPORT; DIVERSITY; AFRICA; SOILS AB Topsoil from arid regions is the main source of dust clouds that move through the earth's atmosphere, and microbial communities within these soils can survive long-range dispersion. Microbial abundance and chemical composition were analyzed in topsoil from various desert regions. Statistical analyses showed that microbial direct counts were strongly positively correlated with calcium concentrations and negatively correlated with silicon concentrations. While variance between deserts was expected, it was interesting to note differences between sample sites within a given desert region, illustrating the 'patchy' nature of microbial communities in desert environments. (C) 2012 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Gonzalez-Martin, Cristina; Teigell-Perez, Nuria; Valladares, Basilio] Univ Inst Trop Dis & Publ Hlth Canary Isl, Tenerife 38203, Canary Islands, Spain. [Lyles, Mark] USN, War Coll, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Discipline, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. RP Gonzalez-Martin, C (reprint author), Univ Inst Trop Dis & Publ Hlth Canary Isl, Tenerife 38203, Canary Islands, Spain. EM cristina.bio.ull@gmail.com; nteigell@gmail.com; Mark.Lyles@usnwc.edu; bvallada@ull.es; dgriffin@usgs.gov FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2010-21366-C04-01]; USGS office in Tallahassee, FL, USA FX This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, through I + D project CGL2010-21366-C04-01. We thank all personnel from the USGS office in Tallahassee, FL, USA for their hospitality and support. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not infer endorsement by the U.S. Government. The USGS is exempt from any liability derived from this paper. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 164 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.08.009 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 070VU UT WOS:000313542400004 PM 22989672 ER PT J AU Gardner, C Coghlan, SM Zydlewski, J Saunders, R AF Gardner, C. Coghlan, S. M., Jr. Zydlewski, J. Saunders, R. TI DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF STREAM FISHES IN RELATION TO BARRIERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MONITORING STREAM RECOVERY AFTER BARRIER REMOVAL SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anadromous; assemblage; biomonitoring; connectivity; dam; restoration ID STRONACH DAM REMOVAL; RIVER RESTORATION; SEA LAMPREY; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ASSEMBLAGE RECOVERY; SAMPLING DESIGNS; SALMON CARCASSES; PINE RIVER; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT AB Dams are ubiquitous in coastal regions and have altered stream habitats and the distribution and abundance of stream fishes in those habitats by disrupting hydrology, temperature regime and habitat connectivity. Dam removal is a common restoration tool, but often the response of the fish assemblage is not monitored rigorously. Sedgeunkedunk Stream, a small tributary to the Penobscot River (Maine, USA), has been the focus of a restoration effort that includes the removal of two low-head dams. In this study, we quantified fish assemblage metrics along a longitudinal gradient in Sedgeunkedunk Stream and also in a nearby reference stream. By establishing pre-removal baseline conditions and associated variability and the conditions and variability immediately following removal, we can characterize future changes in the system associated with dam removal. Over 2?years prior to dam removal, species richness and abundance in Sedgeunkedunk Stream were highest downstream of the lowest dam, lowest immediately upstream of that dam and intermediate farther upstream; patterns were similar in the reference stream. Although seasonal and annual variation in metrics within each site was substantial, the overall upstream-to-downstream pattern along the stream gradient was remarkably consistent prior to dam removal. Immediately after dam removal, we saw significant decreases in richness and abundance downstream of the former dam site and a corresponding increase in fish abundance upstream of the former dam site. No such changes occurred in reference sites. Our results show that by quantifying baseline conditions in a small stream before restoration, the effects of stream restoration efforts on fish assemblages can be monitored successfully. These data set the stage for the long-term assessment of Sedgeunkedunk Stream and provide a simple methodology for assessment in other restoration projects. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gardner, C.; Coghlan, S. M., Jr.; Zydlewski, J.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Gardner, C.; Zydlewski, J.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. [Saunders, R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Orono, ME USA. RP Coghlan, SM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall,Room 240, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM stephen.coghlan@umit.maine.edu FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service; Maine USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine; Maine Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station FX Funding for this project was provided by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service, the Maine USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the University of Maine and the Maine Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station. We also thank R. Cope, G. Goulette, D. Kircheis, T. Liebich, K. Mueller, J. Murphy, B. Perry, K. Ravana, D. Skall and T. Trinko (NOAA-NMFS) for assistance with sampling. We thank our field technicians Silas Ratten, Jacob Kwapiszeski, Ryan Haley, Scott Ouellette, Anthony Feldpausch, Michael Picard, Meghan Nelson, Derek Lucas and graduate students Paul Damkot and Gus Wathen (University of Maine) for their hard work. The Town of Orrington and the City of Brewer were especially gracious in accommodating our research. We also thank Dan Hayes (Michigan State University) for stimulating conversations and his valuable advice on study design. Dr. James Gore, Dr. Kevin Simon, Tim Sheehan, and three anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this manuscript greatly; all remaining errors are our own. This paper is Maine Agricultural and Forestry Station Publication Number 3160. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 81 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 134 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1002/rra.1572 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 074DX UT WOS:000313793900005 ER PT J AU Dukerschein, JT Bartels, AD Ickes, BS Pearson, MS AF Dukerschein, J. T. Bartels, A. D. Ickes, B. S. Pearson, M. S. TI ARE TWO SYSTEMIC FISH ASSEMBLAGE SAMPLING PROGRAMMES ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER TELLING US THE SAME THING? SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE monitoring; assessment; Index of Biotic Integrity; daytime electrofishing; Mississippi River; data comparability ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; GREAT RIVERS; INDEX AB We applied an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) used on Wisconsin/Minnesota waters of the upper Mississippi River (UMR) to compare data from two systemic sampling programmes. Ability to use data from multiple sampling programmes could extend spatial and temporal coverage of river assessment and monitoring efforts. We normalized for effort and tested fish community data collected by the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program-Great Rivers Ecosystems (EMAP-GRE) 20042006 and the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) 19932006. Each programme used daytime electrofishing along main channel borders but with some methodological and design differences. EMAP-GRE, designed for baseline and, eventually, compliance monitoring, used a probabilistic, continuous design. LTRMP, designed primarily for baseline and trend monitoring, used a stratified random design in five discrete study reaches. Analysis of similarity indicated no significant difference between EMAP-GRE and LTRMP IBI scores (n?=?238; Global R?=?-0.052; significance level?=?0.972). Both datasets distinguished clear differences only between Fair and Poor condition categories, potentially supporting a passfail assessment strategy. Thirteen years of LTRMP data demonstrated stable IBI scores through time in four of five reaches sampled. LTRMP and EMAP-GRE IBI scores correlated along the UMR's upstream to downstream gradient (df [3, 25]; F?=?1.61; p?=?0.22). A decline in IBI scores from upstream to downstream was consistent with UMR fish community studies and a previous, empirically modelled human disturbance gradient. Comparability between EMAP-GRE (best upstream to downstream coverage) and LTRMP data (best coverage over time and across the floodplain) supports a next step of developing and testing a systemic, multi-metric fish index on the UMR that both approaches could inform. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dukerschein, J. T.; Bartels, A. D.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Mississippi River Monitoring Field Stn, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Ickes, B. S.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Pearson, M. S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ickes, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM bickes@usgs.gov OI Ickes, Brian/0000-0001-5622-3842 FU USGS [03HQAG0029, G09AC00016]; US Army Corps of Engineers Mississippi River Environmental Management Program; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Department of Natural Resources of Illinois; Department of Natural Resources of Iowa; Department of Natural Resources of Minnesota; Department of Natural Resources of Wisconsin; Missouri Department of Conservation; state of Wisconsin [CR-8332380102]; state of Minnesota [CR-8332380102]; US Environmental Protection Agency [CR-8332380102]; US Environmental Protection Agency through USGS [03HQAG0029] FX This project was funded under USGS Cooperative Agreements 03HQAG0029 and G09AC00016 for the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) (http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/ltrmp.html) and under grant number CR-8332380102 for the EMAP-GRE. The LTRMP is a cooperative programme funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers Mississippi River Environmental Management Program and implemented by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Departments of Natural Resources of Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin and Missouri Department of Conservation. EMAP-GRE grant number CR-8332380102 was a cooperative effort between the states of Wisconsin and Minnesota and the US Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, some of the data described in this article were provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency Funding through a prior EMAP-GRE grant, http://www.epa.gov/emap/ via USGS Cooperative Agreement 03HQAG0029, modification 0004, which was a cooperative effort between USEPA, USGS and the states of Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Missouri. We thank Jennifer Sauer, USGS/UMESC, and Heidi Langrehr, WDNR, for technical assistance with data presentation. We are grateful to numerous employees in the programmes for their careful, thorough work collecting and managing the data. We thank several anonymous reviewers and also David Bolgrien, USEPA, and Walter Popp, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, for insights they provided after reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1002/rra.1575 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 074DX UT WOS:000313793900006 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JA Hartley, SB Carter, J Johnson, DJ Alford, JB AF Jenkins, J. A. Hartley, S. B. Carter, J. Johnson, D. J. Alford, J. B. TI A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TOOL FOR AQUATIC RESOURCE CONSERVATION IN THE RED AND SABINE RIVER WATERSHEDS OF THE SOUTHEAST UNITED STATES SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE canopy; impervious surface; 303(d) impaired waters; imperiled wildlife; wastewater; wildlife action plans; water quality; mercury ID FRESH-WATER; FISH; ECOLOGY; STREAMS; DIVERSITY; LOUISIANA; MUSSELS; ISSUES; MODELS; BIOTA AB Our goal was to build a geographic information system (GIS) tool to enhance modeling and hypothesis testing relevant to watersheds and fish fauna of the Red and Sabine Rivers in the southeastern United States. Species of concern were identified from wildlife action plans and Web sites. Spatial distributions of fish species and mercury in fillets were delineated using data from states. Public georeferenced data were obtained on land cover, soil type, forest canopy, impervious surfaces, wastewater facilities and 303(d) impaired waters. Overlay maps highlighted patterns across 8-digit hydrologic unit codes (HUCs). Bossier City, Louisiana and Beaumont, Texas areas displayed impervious surfaces over 10% and 303(d) waters per HUC were 20% and 8%, respectively. Because bowfin (Amia calva) (n?=?299) and bass (Micropterus spp.) (n?=?1493) occurred in up to 44% of HUCs and fillets contained elemental mercury concentrations across ranges monitored, they were appropriate indicators of bioavailable mercury. Of the total fish number showing >0.5?ppm, 81% of records were derived from bowfin and bass, and stepwise multiple linear regressions indicated fish with mercury at these concentrations correlated with environmental variables. Detrended correspondence analysis showed total species occurrence and environmental relationships significant, where 81.6% of the variability in fish occurrence was explained by impervious surface, land cover other than canopy or impervious surface (such as wetlands and agricultural area) and canopy (forest type). Two-way indicator species analysis delineated species co-occurrence in HUCs (14 groups) and similarity of species composition (nine groups). Results identified three HUC groupings as potential targets for managerial interest. Quality control concerns for GIS development included site name data and priority rankings of critical fish species. This tool can be used to support modeling and trend analyses for several purposes, such as those relevant for developing and reporting on water quality standards and critical habitat assessments. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Jenkins, J. A.; Johnson, D. J.] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, IAP World Serv Inc, Lafayette, LA USA. [Alford, J. B.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Off Fisheries, Fisheries Management Sect, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Jenkins, JA (reprint author), Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, IAP World Serv Inc, Lafayette, LA USA. EM jenkinsj@usgs.gov FU Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership, a multistate environmental partnership FX This project was supported by Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership (http://www.sarpaquatic.org), a multistate environmental partnership. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank the following: ULL: Tasha Theall. IAP at NWRC: Heather Olivier, Lana Henry. USGS: Dennis Demcheck, LA, Rachel Muir, VA; Janet Cushing, VA; Andrea Ostroff, VA; Pam Fuller, FL; Colleen Caldwell, NM. USFWS: Chris Davidson, AR; Deb Fuller, LA; Emily Watson, TN; Jason Duke, TN. Arkansas: Steve Filipek, Brian K. Wagner and Jeffrey W. Quinn, AR Game and Fish Commission; Rhonda Rawlings, AR National Resources Conservation Service; Carrie Poston, AR Dept. of Health and Human Services; Melanie Treat, AR Dept. of Environmental Quality. Louisiana: Joey Shepard and Gary Tilyou, LA Dept. of Wildlife and Fisheries; Chris Piehler, Stephanie Braden, Will Tucker and Dugin Sabins, LA Dept. of Environmental Quality; Michael Kaller, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; Wes Wyche, Dept. of Operational Services, City of Shreveport; Shannon B. Soileau, LA Dept. of Health and Hospitals. Oklahoma: Greg Summers, James Kyle and James Vincent, OK Dept. of Wildlife Conservation; Jay Wright, OK Dept. of Environmental Quality. New Mexico: David Propst, NM Dept. of Game and Fish; Gary Schiffmiller, NM Environment Dept. Texas: Tim Birdsong, Dave Terre, John B. Taylor, Gary Garrett and Roy Kleinsasser, TX Parks and Wildlife Dept.; Michael Tennant, TX Dept. of State Health Services; and the University of Texas at Austin, Texas Natural History Collections Fishes of Texas Project. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 99 EP 124 DI 10.1002/rra.1580 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 074DX UT WOS:000313793900008 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Chen, J AF Wu, Yiping Chen, Ji TI Estimating irrigation water demand using an improved method and optimizing reservoir operation for water supply and hydropower generation: A case study of the Xinfengjiang reservoir in southern China SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydropower generation; Irrigation water demand; Multi-objective optimization model; Multi-purpose reservoir operation; Water supply ID ASSESSMENT-TOOL SWAT; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; RIVER-BASIN; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; NEURAL-NETWORK; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; SOIL; SIMULATION AB The ever-increasing demand for water due to growth of population and socioeconomic development in the past several decades has posed a worldwide threat to water supply security and to the environmental health of rivers. This study aims to derive reservoir operating rules through establishing a multi-objective optimization model for the Xinfengjiang (XFJ) reservoir in the East River Basin in southern China to minimize water supply deficit and maximize hydropower generation. Additionally, to enhance the estimation of irrigation water demand from the downstream agricultural area of the XFJ reservoir, a conventional method for calculating crop water demand is improved using hydrological model simulation results. Although the optimal reservoir operating rules are derived for the XFJ reservoir with three priority scenarios (water supply only, hydropower generation only, and equal priority), the river environmental health is set as the basic demand no matter which scenario is adopted. The results show that the new rules derived under the three scenarios can improve the reservoir operation for both water supply and hydropower generation when comparing to the historical performance. Moreover, these alternative reservoir operating policies provide the flexibility for the reservoir authority to choose the most appropriate one. Although changing the current operating rules may influence its hydropower-oriented functions, the new rules can be significant to cope with the increasingly prominent water shortage and degradation in the aquatic environment. Overall, our results and methods (improved estimation of irrigation water demand and formulation of the reservoir optimization model) can be useful for local watershed managers and valuable for other researchers worldwide. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Yiping] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wu, Yiping; Chen, Ji] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ywu@usgs.gov; jichen@hku.hk RI Chen, Ji/C-1795-2009; Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884 FU HKSAR RGC GRF project [HKU 710910E] FX The financial support for our study came from a HKSAR RGC GRF project (HKU 710910E). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Dingzhi Peng for providing technical support on reservoir operation optimization. We thank Shahriar Pervez and Elisabath Brouwers for comments on the early version of this paper. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their invaluable and constructive comments and suggestions for improving the paper quality. NR 63 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 116 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.10.016 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 067QA UT WOS:000313309000012 ER PT J AU Frisbee, MD Phillips, FM White, AF Campbell, AR Liu, FJ AF Frisbee, Marty D. Phillips, Fred M. White, Art F. Campbell, Andrew R. Liu, Fengjing TI Effect of source integration on the geochemical fluxes from springs SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MINERAL WEATHERING RATES; STREAM WATER CHEMISTRY; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SOLID ROCKS; COLORADO; USA; CATCHMENT AB Geochemical fluxes from watersheds are typically defined using mass-balance methods that essentially lump all weathering processes operative in a watershed into a single flux of solute mass measured in streamflow at the watershed outlet. However, it is important that we understand how weathering processes in different hydrological zones of a watershed (i.e., surface, unsaturated, and saturated zones) contribute to the total geochemical flux from the watershed. This capability will improve understanding of how geochemical fluxes from these different zones may change in response to climate change. Here, the geochemical flux from weathering processes occurring solely in the saturated zone is investigated. This task, however, remains exceedingly difficult due to the sparsity of subsurface sampling points, especially in large, remote, and/or undeveloped watersheds. In such cases, springflow is often assumed to be a proxy for groundwater (defined as water residing in fully saturated geologic formations). However, springflow generation may integrate different sources of water including, but not limited to, groundwater. The authors' hypothesis is that long-term estimates of geochemical fluxes from groundwater using springflow proxies will be too large due to the integrative nature of springflow generation. Two conceptual models of springflow generation are tested using endmember mixing analyses (EMMA) on observations of spring chemistries and stable isotopic compositions in a large alpine watershed in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado. In the "total springflow" conceptual model, springflow is assumed to be 100% groundwater. In the "fractional springflow" conceptual model, springflow is assumed to be an integration of different sources of water (e. g., groundwater, unsaturated flow, preferential flow in the soil, etc.) and groundwater is only a fractional component. The results indicate that groundwater contributions in springflow range from 2% to 100% overall and no springs are consistently composed of 100% groundwater; providing support for the fractional springflow conceptual model. Groundwater contributions are not strongly correlated with elevation, spring contributing area, spring discharge, or seasonality. This variability has a profound effect on long-term geochemical fluxes. The geochemical fluxes for total springflow overestimate long-term solute release by 22-48% as compared to fractional springflow. These findings illustrate that springflow generation, like streamflow generation, integrates many different sources of water reflecting solute concentrations obtained along many different geochemical weathering pathways. These data suggest that springs are not always ideal proxies for groundwater. Springs may be integrating very distinct portions of the groundwater flow field and these groundwater contributions may become mixed at the spring emergence with much younger sources of water that have never resided in the groundwater system. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Frisbee, Marty D.; Phillips, Fred M.; Campbell, Andrew R.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM USA. [White, Art F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Liu, Fengjing] Lincoln Univ Missouri, Dept Agr, Jefferson City, MO USA. [Liu, Fengjing] Lincoln Univ Missouri, Environm Sci Program, Jefferson City, MO USA. [Liu, Fengjing] Lincoln Univ Missouri, Cooperat Res Program, Jefferson City, MO USA. [Liu, Fengjing] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA USA. RP Frisbee, MD (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM USA. EM mfrisbee@alumni.nmt.edu OI Frisbee, Marty/0000-0002-9928-7149 FU SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) Science and Technology Center of the National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-9876800]; New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute; New Mexico EPSCoR Track I-II: Climate Change Impacts to New Mexico's Mountain Sources of Water (NSF) [EAR 0814449]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), USDA [225140, 2011-02451] FX Funding for this research was provided by the SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) Science and Technology Center of the National Science Foundation (NSF agreement EAR-9876800) and by the New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute in the form of a student water research grant. Additional funding for the completion of this research was provided through the New Mexico EPSCoR Track I-II: Climate Change Impacts to New Mexico's Mountain Sources of Water (NSF award EAR 0814449). Assistance from coauthor Fengjing Liu was supported by an Evans-Allen Project (225140) and a Capacity Building Grant (2011-02451) funded through National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), USDA. We thank Steve Sanchez and the Saguache BLM/USFS Field Office for logistical support in securing sites for field installations in the Saguache Creek watershed. We thank Peter Lipman of the USGS for support on questions about the regional geologic framework. Certain aspects of this study would not have been accomplished without the cooperation of local ranching families. The reviews and comments from Mark Hodson and four anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. NR 93 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 28 BP 32 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.028 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 066BX UT WOS:000313196000005 ER PT J AU Schlegel, ME McIntosh, JC Petsch, ST Orem, WH Jones, EJP Martini, AM AF Schlegel, Melissa E. McIntosh, Jennifer C. Petsch, Steven T. Orem, William H. Jones, Elizabeth J. P. Martini, Anna M. TI Extent and limits of biodegradation by in situ methanogenic consortia in shale and formation fluids SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALIAN PERMIAN COALS; CRUDE-OIL BIODEGRADATION; ILLINOIS BASIN; BIOGENIC METHANE; NATURAL-GAS; ANAEROBIC MICROORGANISMS; PETROLEUM RESERVOIR; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; SULFATE REDUCTION; DEEP SUBSURFACE AB Consortia of microbes degrade recalcitrant organic-matter in deep subsurface reservoirs, such as shales and coals, under anaerobic conditions into simple C molecules such as CO2 and acetate. These substrates are subsequently metabolized by methanogens into economic quantities of natural gas in sedimentary basins world-wide. This study explores organic matter in the Devonian New Albany Shale (Illinois Basin, USA) and associated fluids to investigate the extent of organic matter biodegradation, and evaluate the potential for stimulating in situ gas production. Identification of labile compound classes such as n-alkanes, fatty acids, and phenols in produced waters of the New Albany Shale, and low biodegradation indices in the shale core samples indicate limited biodegradation. Together with detectable acetate concentrations (up to 225.1 mu M), these observations suggest that both the supporting microbial consortia and methanogens are limited in extent and activity. By comparison, the New Albany Shale is much less biodegraded than the microbial CH4-producing Michigan Basin Antrim Shale, Powder River Basin coals, or San Juan Basin coals. In the New Albany Shale, the extent of biodegradation generally becomes more varied with higher salinities, suggesting diverse microbial adaptations to degrade OM at high salinities. Enhancement of in situ CH4 production may be most effective if targeted at stimulating production of the supporting microbial consortia as well as methanogens. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schlegel, Melissa E.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Petsch, Steven T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Orem, William H.; Jones, Elizabeth J. P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Martini, Anna M.] Amherst Coll, Dept Geol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Schlegel, ME (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM meschleg@email.arizona.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0635685J]; US Geological Survey; GTI; RPSEA through the "Ultra-Deepwater and Unconventional Natural Gas and Other Petroleum Resources" program FX We thank the National Science Foundation (EAR-0635685J. McIntosh), the US Geological Survey, GTI and RPSEA through the "Ultra-Deepwater and Unconventional Natural Gas and Other Petroleum Resources" program for support of this research. In addition, we thank Joe Wade, Samuel Miller, Julian Damashek, and Daniel Kekacs for invaluable field help. Furthermore, we are grateful to Matthew Varonka (USGS) who provided the extractable hydrocarbon analysis of formation waters, Anne Bates (USGS) who analyzed formation waters for acetate, and Mark Woodworth who analyzed shale core samples. Finally, we express gratitude for the energy company personnel that allowed us access to their wells, and helped with sampling. NR 90 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 76 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 28 BP 172 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.10.008 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 066BX UT WOS:000313196000019 ER PT J AU Drieberg, SL Hagemann, SG Huston, DL Landis, G Ryan, CG Van Achterbergh, E Vennemann, T AF Drieberg, Susan L. Hagemann, Steffen G. Huston, David L. Landis, Gary Ryan, Chris G. Van Achterbergh, Esme Vennemann, Torsten TI The Interplay of Evolved Seawater and Magmatic-Hydrothermal Fluids in the 3.24 Ga Panorama Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Hydrothermal System, North Pilbara Craton, Western Australia SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-ISOTOPE-EXCHANGE; PIXE MICROANALYSIS; ORE-DEPOSITS; INCLUSIONS; OXYGEN; MINERALS; DISTRICT; MINERALIZATION; FRACTIONATION; TEMPERATURES AB The similar to 3240 Ma Panorama volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) district is unusual for its high degree of exposure and low degree of postdepositional modification. In addition to typical seafloor VHMS deposits, this district contains greisen- and vein-hosted Mo-Cu-Zn-Sn mineral occurrences that are contemporaneous with VHMS orebodies and are hosted by the Strelley granite complex, which also drove VHMS circulation. Hence the Panorama district is a natural laboratory to investigate the role of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in VHMS hydrothermal systems. Regional and proximal high-temperature alteration zones in volcanic rocks underlying the VHMS deposits are dominated by chlorite-quartz +/- albite assemblages, with lesser low-temperature sericite-quartz +/- K-feldspar assemblages. These assemblages are typical of VHMS hydrothermal systems. In contrast, the alteration assemblages associated with granite-hosted greisens and veins include quartz-topaz-muscovite-fluorite and quartz-muscovite (sericite)-chlorite-ankerite. These vein systems generally do not extend into the overlying volcanic pile. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies suggest that the greisens were produced by high-temperature (similar to 590 degrees C), high-salinity (38-56 wt % NaCl equiv) fluids with high densities (>1.3 g/cm(3)) and high delta O-18 (9.3 +/- 0.6 parts per thousand). These fluids are compatible with the measured characteristics of magmatic fluids evolved from the Strelley granite complex. In contrast, fluids in the volcanic pile (including the VHMS ore-forming fluids) were of lower temperature (90 degrees-270 degrees C), lower salinity (5.0-11.2 wt % NaCl equiv), with lower densities (0.88-1.01 g/cm(3)) and lower delta O-18(-0.8 2.6 parts per thousand). These fluids are compatible with evolved Paleoarchean seawater. Fluids that formed the quartz-chalcopyrite-sphalerite-cassiterite veins, which are present within the granite complex near the contact with the volcanic pile, were intermediate in temperature and isotopic composition between the greisen and volcanic pile fluids (T = 240 degrees-315 degrees C; delta O-18 = 4.3 +/- 1.5 parts per thousand) and are interpreted to indicate mixing between the two end-member fluids. Evidence of mixing between evolved seawater and magmatic-hydrothermal fluid within the granite complex, together with the lack of evidence for a magmatic component in fluids from the volcanic pile, suggest partitioning of magmatic-hydrothermal from evolved seawater hydrothermal systems in the Panorama VHMS system. This separation is interpreted to result from either the swamping of a relatively small magmatic-hydrothermal system by evolved seawater or density contrasts precluding movement of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids into the volcanic pile. Variability in the salinity of fluids in the volcanic pile, combined with evidence for mixing of low- and high-salinity fluids in the massive sulfide lens, is interpreted to indicate that phase separation occurred within the Panorama hydrothermal system. Although we consider this phase separation to have most likely occurred at depth within the system, as has been documented in modern VHMS systems, the data do not allow the location of the inferred phase separation to be determined. C1 [Drieberg, Susan L.; Hagemann, Steffen G.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Huston, David L.] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Landis, Gary] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ryan, Chris G.; Van Achterbergh, Esme] Monash Univ, CSIRO, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Vennemann, Torsten] Univ Lausanne, Inst Mineral & Geochim, UNIL FSH2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Drieberg, SL (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM shageman@cyllene.uwa.edu.au RI Ryan, Chris/A-6032-2011 OI Ryan, Chris/0000-0003-2891-3912 FU Sipa Resources FX The authors would like to thank Sipa Resources for their financial and logistical support and excellent work on the geology of the Panorama VHMS district, which laid the foundation for this project. In particular, we would like to thank Carl Brauhart for initiating this study, for assistance in the field and reading and providing many helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, Peter Morant for assistance in the field and stimulating discussions, and Michael Doepel for continuous support. We also acknowledge the thorough reviews and helpful suggestions by Harold Gibson, Brian Rusk, Tucker Barrie, and Thomas Monecke. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 34 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 108 IS 1 BP 79 EP 110 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 068OA UT WOS:000313374800006 ER PT J AU Thomas, LK Widdowson, MA Chapelle, FH Novak, JT Boncal, JE Lebron, CA AF Thomas, L. K. Widdowson, M. A. Chapelle, F. H. Novak, J. T. Boncal, J. E. Lebron, C. A. TI Distribution of Potentially Bioavailable Natural Organic Carbon in Aquifer Sediments at a Chloroethene-Contaminated Site SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Monitored natural attenuation; Chloroethenes; Potentially bioavailable organic carbon; Reductive dechlorination ID TRICHLOROETHENE; SOIL; MATTER AB The distribution of natural organic carbon was investigated at a chloroethene-contaminated site where complete reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) to vinyl chloride and ethene was observed. In this study, operationally defined potentially bioavailable organic carbon (PBOC) was measured in surficial aquifer sediment samples collected at varying depths and locations in the vicinity of a dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source and aqueous phase plume. The relationship between chloroethene concentrations and PBOC levels was examined by comparing differences in extractable organic carbon in aquifer sediments with minimal chloroethene exposure relative to samples collected in the source zone. Using performance-monitoring data, direct correlations with PBOC were also developed with chloroethene concentrations in groundwater. Results show a logarithm-normal distribution for PBOC in aquifer sediments with a mean concentration of 187 mg/kg. PBOC levels in sediments obtained from the underlying confining unit were generally greater when compared to sediments collected in the sandy surficial aquifer. Results demonstrated a statistically significant inverse correlation (p = 0.007) between PBOC levels in aquifer sediments and chloroethene concentrations for selected monitoring wells in which chloroethene exposure was the highest. Results from laboratory exposure assays also demonstrated that sediment samples exhibited a reduction in PBOC levels of 35% and 73%, respectively, after a 72-h exposure period to PCE (20; 000 mu g/L). These results support the notion that PBOC depletion in sediments may be expected in chloroethene-contaminated aquifers, which has potential implications for the long-term sustainability of monitored natural attenuation. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000597. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Thomas, L. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Widdowson, M. A.; Novak, J. T.] Virginia Tech, Jr Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Chapelle, F. H.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Boncal, J. E.] Parsons Corp, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Lebron, C. A.] NAVFAC ESC EV31, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Thomas, LK (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 151H Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM lkthom02@syr.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2013 VL 139 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000597 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 069IJ UT WOS:000313428200006 ER PT J AU Perry, LG Shafroth, PB Blumenthal, DM Morgan, JA LeCain, DR AF Perry, Laura G. Shafroth, Patrick B. Blumenthal, Dana M. Morgan, Jack A. LeCain, Daniel R. TI Elevated CO2 does not offset greater water stress predicted under climate change for native and exotic riparian plants SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; CO2; climate change; invasive species; riparian woody plants; water stress; water-use efficiency (WUE) ID FREMONT COTTONWOOD SEEDLINGS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELAEAGNUS-ANGUSTIFOLIA L; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; BILL-WILLIAMS-RIVER; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; TABLE DECLINE; TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA; SOIL-WATER AB In semiarid western North American riparian ecosystems, increased drought and lower streamflows under climate change may reduce plant growth and recruitment, and favor drought-tolerant exotic species over mesic native species. We tested whether elevated atmospheric CO2 might ameliorate these effects by improving plant water-use efficiency. We examined the effects of CO2 and water availability on seedlings of two native (Populus deltoides spp. monilifera, Salix exigua) and three exotic (Elaeagnus angustifolia, Tamarix spp., Ulmus pumila) western North American riparian species in a CO2-controlled glasshouse, using 1-m-deep pots with different water-table decline rates. Low water availability reduced seedling biomass by 70-97%, and hindered the native species more than the exotics. Elevated CO2 increased biomass by 15%, with similar effects on natives and exotics. Elevated CO2 increased intrinsic water-use efficiency (Delta C-13(leaf)), but did not increase biomass more in drier treatments than wetter treatments. The moderate positive effects of elevated CO2 on riparian seedlings are unlikely to counteract the large negative effects of increased aridity projected under climate change. Our results suggest that increased aridity will reduce riparian seedling growth despite elevated CO2, and will reduce growth more for native Salix and Populus than for drought-tolerant exotic species. C1 [Perry, Laura G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Blumenthal, Dana M.; Morgan, Jack A.; LeCain, Daniel R.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Perry, LG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lperry@lamar.colostate.edu FU US Geological Survey; Invasive Species Program; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Climate Change, Soils & Emissions Program FX Caitlin Brooks, Laura Dev, Sarah Hylander, Miranda McCutchen, Benita Mondragon, Matthew Parsons, Cynthia Pritekel, Mary Carolyn Weaver, and Daniel Willis assisted with experimental setup, maintenance and data collection. Yolima Carrillo measured delta13C of the elevated CO2 source. David Merritt provided the Scholander pressure chamber. David Williams, Kevin Hultine, and three anonymous reviewers commented on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program, and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Climate Change, Soils & Emissions Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 100 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 111 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 197 IS 2 BP 532 EP 543 DI 10.1111/nph.12030 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 067AY UT WOS:000313265600023 PM 23171384 ER PT J AU Duris, JW Reif, AG Krouse, DA Isaacs, NM AF Duris, Joseph W. Reif, Andrew G. Krouse, Donna A. Isaacs, Natasha M. TI Factors related to occurrence and distribution of selected bacterial and protozoan pathogens in Pennsylvania streams SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fecal indicator bacteria; Recreational water quality criteria; Protozoan pathogens; Pathogenic E. coli; Land use; Discharge; Human source pharmaceuticals ID ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; HUMAN FECAL CONTAMINATION; WASTE-WATER; INDICATOR BACTERIA; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; SENSITIVE METHOD; SURFACE PROTEIN; VIRULENCE GENES; SOURCE-TRACKING AB The occurrence and distribution of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and bacterial and protozoan pathogens are controlled by diverse factors. To investigate these factors in Pennsylvania streams, 217 samples were collected quarterly from a 27-station water-quality monitoring network from July 2007 through August 2009. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of Escherichia coli (EC) and enterococci (ENT) indicator bacteria, concentrations of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts, and the presence of four genes related to pathogenic types of EC (eaeA, stx2, stx1, rfb(o157)) plus three microbial source tracking (MST) gene markers that are also associated with pathogenic ENT and EC (esp, LTIIa, STII). Water samples were concurrently analyzed for basic water chemistry, physical measures of water quality, nutrients, metals, and a suite of 79 organic compounds that included hormones, pharmaceuticals, and antibiotics. For each sample location, stream discharge was measured by using standardized methods at the time of sample collection, and ancillary sample site information, such as land use and geological characteristics, was compiled. Samples exceeding recreational water quality criteria were more likely to contain all measured pathogen genes but not Cryptosporidium or Giardia (oo)cysts. FIB and Giardia density and frequency of eaeA gene occurrence were significantly related to season. When discharge at a sampling location was high (>75th percentile of daily mean discharge), there were greater densities of FIB and Giardia, and the stx2, rfb(o157), STII, and esp genes were found more frequently than at other discharge conditions. Giardia occurrence was likely related to nonpoint sources, which are highly influential during seasonal overland transport resulting from snowmelt and elevated precipitation in late winter and spring in Pennsylvania. When MST markers of human, swine, or bovine origin were present, samples more frequently carried the eaeA, stx2, stx1, and rfb(o157), genes, but no genes were related exclusively to an individual MST marker. The human source pharmaceuticals (HSPs) acetaminophen and caffeine were correlated with Giardia, and the presence of HSPs proved to be more useful than MST markers in distinguishing the occurrence of Giardia. The HSPs caffeine and carbamazepine were correlated with the sum total of pathogen genes detected in a sample, demonstrating the value of using HSPs as an indicator of fecally derived pathogens. Sites influenced by urban land use with less forest were more likely to have greater FIB and Giardia densities and sum of the array of pathogen genes. Sites dominated by shallow carbonate bedrock in the upstream catchment were likely to have greater FIB densities and higher sum totals of pathogen genes but no correlation with Giardia detection. Our study provides a range of specific environmental, chemical, geologic, and land-use variables related to occurrence and distribution of FIB and selected bacterial and protozoan pathogens in Pennsylvania streams. The information presented could be useful for resource managers in understanding bacterial and protozoan pathogen occurrence and their relation to fecal indicator bacteria in similar settings. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Duris, Joseph W.; Isaacs, Natasha M.] US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Reif, Andrew G.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, Exton, PA 19341 USA. [Krouse, Donna A.] Bur Labs, Penn Dept Environm Protect, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Duris, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. EM jwduris@usgs.gov OI Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109 FU State of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection; USGS Cooperative Water Program FX This work was funded by the State of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. Additional support was provided by the USGS Cooperative Water Program. We thank Arianne Proctor, from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection; Lori Fuller, Lisa Fogarty, Tammy Zimmerman, and Dr. Sheridan Haack, from the USGS, for their technical support. We also thank the staff of the USGS Pennsylvania Water Science Center for their excellent sample collection and processing, and Dr. Betty Olson, University of California, Irvine, for providing positive control strains for the LTIIa and STII PCR assays. NR 73 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 300 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.006 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 068SK UT WOS:000313386300031 PM 23149151 ER PT J AU Nowell, LH Moran, PW Gilliom, RJ Calhoun, DL Ingersoll, CG Kemble, NE Kuivila, KM Phillips, PJ AF Nowell, Lisa H. Moran, Patrick W. Gilliom, Robert J. Calhoun, Daniel L. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Kemble, Nile E. Kuivila, Kathryn M. Phillips, Patrick J. TI Contaminants in Stream Sediments From Seven United States Metropolitan Areas: Part I: Distribution in Relation to Urbanization SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REFERENCE LAKE-SEDIMENTS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; QUALITY GUIDELINES; URBAN STREAMS; RIVER-BASIN; TOXICITY; USA; PESTICIDES AB Organic contaminants and trace elements were measured in bed sediments collected from streams in seven metropolitan study areas across the United States to assess concentrations in relation to urbanization. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin, and several trace elements were significantly related to urbanization across study areas. Most contaminants (except bifenthrin, chromium, nickel) were significantly related to the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the sediments. Regression models explained 45-80 % of the variability in individual contaminant concentrations using degree of urbanization, sediment-TOC, and study-area indicator variables (which represent the combined influence of unknown factors, such as chemical use or release, that are not captured by available explanatory variables). The significance of one or more study-area indicator variables in all models indicates marked differences in contaminant levels among some study areas, even after accounting for the nationally modeled effects of urbanization and sediment-TOC. Mean probable effect concentration quotients (PECQs) were significantly related to urbanization. Trace elements were the major contributors to mean PECQs at undeveloped sites, whereas organic contaminants, especially bifenthrin, were the major contributors at highly urban sites. Pyrethroids, where detected, accounted for the largest share of the mean PECQ. Part 2 of this series (Kemble et al. 2012) evaluates sediment toxicity to amphipods and midge in relation to sediment chemistry. C1 [Nowell, Lisa H.; Gilliom, Robert J.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Moran, Patrick W.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA USA. [Calhoun, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kemble, Nile E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Phillips, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY USA. RP Nowell, LH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. EM lhnowell@usgs.gov OI Calhoun, Daniel/0000-0003-2371-6936 NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 86 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 64 IS 1 BP 32 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s00244-012-9813-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 060JD UT WOS:000312772000004 PM 23129063 ER PT J AU Kemble, NE Hardesty, DK Ingersoll, CG Kunz, JL Sibley, PK Calhoun, DL Gilliom, RJ Kuivila, KM Nowell, LH Moran, PW AF Kemble, Nile E. Hardesty, Douglas K. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Kunz, James L. Sibley, Paul K. Calhoun, Daniel L. Gilliom, Robert J. Kuivila, Kathryn M. Nowell, Lisa H. Moran, Patrick W. TI Contaminants in Stream Sediments From Seven United States Metropolitan Areas: Part II-Sediment Toxicity to the Amphipod Hyalella azteca and the Midge Chironomus dilutus SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; QUALITY GUIDELINES; URBAN CREEKS; USA; CALIFORNIA; PESTICIDES; WATER; VALLEY; TESTS; RIVER AB Relationships between sediment toxicity and sediment chemistry were evaluated for 98 samples collected from seven metropolitan study areas across the United States. Sediment-toxicity tests were conducted with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (28 day exposures) and with the midge Chironomus dilutus (10 day exposures). Overall, 33 % of the samples were toxic to amphipods and 12 % of the samples were toxic to midge based on comparisons with reference conditions within each study area. Significant correlations were observed between toxicity end points and sediment concentrations of trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), or organochlorine (OC) pesticides; however, these correlations were typically weak, and contaminant concentrations were usually below sediment-toxicity thresholds. Concentrations of the pyrethroid bifenthrin exceeded an estimated threshold of 0.49 ng/g (at 1 % total organic carbon) in 14 % of the samples. Of the samples that exceeded this bifenthrin toxicity threshold, 79 % were toxic to amphipods compared with 25 % toxicity for the samples below this threshold. Application of mean probable effect concentration quotients (PECQs) based on measures of groups of contaminants (trace elements, total PAHs, total PCBs, OC pesticides, and pyrethroid pesticides [bifenthrin in particular]) improved the correct classification of samples as toxic or not toxic to amphipods compared with measures of individual groups of contaminants. C1 [Kemble, Nile E.; Hardesty, Douglas K.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kunz, James L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Sibley, Paul K.] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Calhoun, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gilliom, Robert J.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.; Nowell, Lisa H.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Moran, Patrick W.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Kemble, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. EM nkemble@usgs.gov OI Calhoun, Daniel/0000-0003-2371-6936 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 64 IS 1 BP 52 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s00244-012-9815-y PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 060JD UT WOS:000312772000005 PM 23129064 ER PT J AU Rhea, DT Farag, AM Harper, DD McConnell, E Brumbaugh, WG AF Rhea, Darren T. Farag, Aida M. Harper, David D. McConnell, Elizabeth Brumbaugh, William G. TI Mercury and Selenium Concentrations in Biofilm, Macroinvertebrates, and Fish Collected in the Yankee Fork of the Salmon River, Idaho, USA, and Their Potential Effects on Fish Health SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; TOXICITY THRESHOLDS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; METHYLMERCURY; IMPAIRMENT; MONTANA; CADMIUM; LESIONS AB The Yankee Fork is a large tributary of the Salmon River located in central Idaho, USA, with an extensive history of placer and dredge-mining activities. Concentrations of selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) in various aquatic trophic levels were measured in the Yankee Fork during 2001 and 2002. Various measurements of fish health were also performed. Sites included four on the mainstem of the Yankee Fork and two off-channel sites in partially reclaimed dredge pools used as rearing habitat for cultured salmonid eggs and fry. Hg concentrations in whole mountain whitefish and shorthead sculpin ranged from 0.28 to 0.56 mu g/g dry weight (dw), concentrations that are generally less than those reported to have significant impacts on fish. Biofilm and invertebrates ranged from 0.05 to 0.43 mu g Hg/g dw. Se concentrations measured in biota samples from the Yankee Fork were greater than many representative samples collected in the Snake and Columbia watersheds and often exceeded literature-based toxic thresholds. Biofilm and invertebrates ranged from 0.58 to 4.66 mu g Se/g dw. Whole fish ranged from 3.92 to 7.10 mu g Se/g dw, and gonads ranged from 6.91 to 31.84 mu g Se/g dw. Whole-body Se concentrations exceeded reported toxicological thresholds at three of four sites and concentrations in liver samples were mostly greater than concentrations shown to have negative impacts on fish health. Histological examinations performed during this study noted liver abnormalities, especially in shorthead sculpin, a bottom-dwelling species. C1 [Rhea, Darren T.; Farag, Aida M.; Harper, David D.] US Geol Survey, Jackson Field Res Stn, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson, WY USA. [McConnell, Elizabeth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MO USA. [Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jackson Field Res Stn, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson, WY USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 81 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 64 IS 1 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s00244-012-9816-x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 060JD UT WOS:000312772000011 PM 23080409 ER PT J AU Bird, KL Aldridge, CL Carpenter, JE Paszkowski, CA Boyce, MS Coltman, DW AF Bird, Krista L. Aldridge, Cameron L. Carpenter, Jennifer E. Paszkowski, Cynthia A. Boyce, Mark S. Coltman, David W. TI The secret sex lives of sage-grouse: multiple paternity and intraspecific nest parasitism revealed through genetic analysis SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lek; multiple paternity; nest parasitism; paternity; polygyny; sage-grouse ID EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; BOWERBIRDS PTILONORHYNCHUS-VIOLACEUS; CAPERCAILLIE TETRAO-UROGALLUS; MALE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER; SHARP-TAILED GROUSE; LEK-BREEDING BIRD; MATING SYSTEM; MATE CHOICE; FEMALE CHOICE AB In lek-based mating systems only a few males are expected to obtain the majority of matings in a single breeding season and multiple mating is believed to be rare. We used 13 microsatellites to genotype greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) samples from 604 adults and 1206 offspring from 191 clutches (1999-2006) from Alberta, Canada, to determine paternity and polygamy (males and females mating with multiple individuals). We found that most clutches had a single father and mother, but there was evidence of multiple paternity and intraspecific nest parasitism. Annually, most males fathered only one brood, very few males fathered multiple broods, and the proportion of all sampled males in the population fathering offspring averaged 45.9%, suggesting that more males breed in Alberta than previously reported for the species. Twenty-six eggs (2.2%) could be traced to intraspecific nest parasitism and 15 of 191 clutches (7.9%) had multiple fathers. These new insights have important implications on what we know about sexual selection and the mating structure of lekking species. C1 [Bird, Krista L.; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Carpenter, Jennifer E.; Paszkowski, Cynthia A.; Boyce, Mark S.; Coltman, David W.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bird, KL (reprint author), 3 Amber Crescent, St Albert, AB T8N 2J2, Canada. EM kbush@aviangenetics.com RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; Coltman, David/A-4453-2012; Boyce, Mark/A-2620-2014 OI Coltman, David/0000-0002-1268-2307; Boyce, Mark/0000-0001-5811-325X FU World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Canada Endangered Species Recovery Fund; ACA Grant Eligible Conservation Fund; Parks Canada Species at Risk Recovery Action and Education Fund; ACA; ACCRU Challenge Grants in Biodiversity, Alberta Sport, Recreation, Parks and Wildlife Foundation Development Initiatives Program; Montana BLM; WWF U.S.A.; American Pheasant and Waterfowl Society (APWS) Leslie Tassel Fund; Society of Canadian Ornithologists Taverner Award; Prairie Ornamental Pheasant and Waterfowl Association; NSERC Postgraduate Doctoral and Masters Scholarships; Walter H. Johns Fellowships; Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management Scholarships; McAfee Estate Scholarship in Zoology; University of Alberta; Garden Club of America Frances M. Peacock Scholarship for Native Bird Habitat; APWS Charles Sivelle Scholarship; Canadian Wildlife Foundation Orville Erickson Memorial Scholarship; Canadian Ornamental Pheasant and Gamebird Association Bob Landon Bursary FX We thank Joel Nicholson, Dale Eslinger, and Alberta Fish and Wildlife for molted feather collection and Gail Patricelli, Alan Krakauer, Robert Gibson, and Julie Stiver for data used to calculate IM across the range. We thank Candice Andersson, Tara Cessford, Marielle McCrum, Brad Neck, Sana Vahidy and Andrew Wong for sample preparation and Chris Dyte for sample preparation, computer program creation, and GIS mapping. We thank Donna Bush, Robert Gibson, Leslie Robb, Michael Schroeder, Colleen Cassady St. Clair, and three anonymous reviewers for comments on previous drafts. This research was funded by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Canada Endangered Species Recovery Fund, ACA Grant Eligible Conservation Fund, Parks Canada Species at Risk Recovery Action and Education Fund, ACA and ACCRU Challenge Grants in Biodiversity, Alberta Sport, Recreation, Parks and Wildlife Foundation Development Initiatives Program, Montana BLM, WWF U.S.A., American Pheasant and Waterfowl Society (APWS) Leslie Tassel Fund, Society of Canadian Ornithologists Taverner Award, and Prairie Ornamental Pheasant and Waterfowl Association. Personal funding was provided by NSERC Postgraduate Doctoral and Masters Scholarships, Walter H. Johns Fellowships, Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management Scholarships, McAfee Estate Scholarship in Zoology, University of Alberta, Garden Club of America Frances M. Peacock Scholarship for Native Bird Habitat, APWS Charles Sivelle Scholarship, Canadian Wildlife Foundation Orville Erickson Memorial Scholarship, and a Canadian Ornamental Pheasant and Gamebird Association Bob Landon Bursary. NR 91 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 112 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 24 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1093/beheco/ars132 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 055QH UT WOS:000312431000009 ER PT J AU Small, GE Torres, PJ Schweizer, LM Duff, JH Pringle, CM AF Small, Gaston E. Torres, Pedro J. Schweizer, Lauren M. Duff, John H. Pringle, Catherine M. TI Importance of Terrestrial Arthropods as Subsidies in Lowland Neotropical Rain Forest Stream Ecosystems SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE arthropod; ecosystem; food web; nutrient cycling; stream; subsidy ID AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS LEVELS; TROPICAL STREAMS; COSTA-RICA; FOOD WEBS; LANDSCAPE; STOICHIOMETRY; DYNAMICS; FISH; METABOLISM AB The importance of terrestrial arthropods has been documented in temperate stream ecosystems, but little is known about the magnitude of these inputs in tropical streams. Terrestrial arthropods falling from the canopy of tropical forests may be an important subsidy to tropical stream food webs and could also represent an important flux of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in nutrient-poor headwater streams. We quantified input rates of terrestrial insects in eight streams draining lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. In two focal headwater streams, we also measured capture efficiency by the fish assemblage and quantified terrestrially derived N- and P-excretion relative to stream nutrient uptake rates. Average input rates of terrestrial insects ranged from 5 to 41 mg dry mass/m(2)/d, exceeding previous measurements of aquatic invertebrate secondary production in these study streams, and were relatively consistent year-round, in contrast to values reported in temperate streams. Terrestrial insects accounted for half of the diet of the dominant fish species, Priapicthys annectens. Although terrestrially derived fish excretion was found to be a small flux relative to measured nutrient uptake rates in the focal streams, the efficient capture and processing of terrestrial arthropods by fish made these nutrients available to the local stream ecosystem. This aquatic-terrestrial linkage is likely being decoupled by deforestation in many tropical regions, with largely unknown but potentially important ecological consequences. C1 [Small, Gaston E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Torres, Pedro J.; Pringle, Catherine M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schweizer, Lauren M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Duff, John H.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Small, GE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gesmall@umn.edu OI Small, Gaston/0000-0002-9018-7555 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0545463]; United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX We are grateful to M. Hidalgo, M. Snyder, and M. Lettrich for help with fieldwork. T. Maddox and L. Dean contributed to laboratory analyses. Helpful discussions with the Pringle and Rosemond labs and comments from A. Covich, D. Batzer, J. Benstead, A. Rosemond, and anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Research funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0545463; C.M. Pringle, F.J. Triska, and A. Ramirez). G. Small was also supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JAN PY 2013 VL 45 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00896.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063JP UT WOS:000312993900010 ER PT J AU Dettinger, MD AF Dettinger, Michael D. TI Projections and downscaling of 21st century temperatures, precipitation, radiative fluxes and winds for the Southwestern US, with focus on Lake Tahoe SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA; REANALYSIS; MODEL AB Recent projections of global climate changes in response to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations in the atmosphere include warming in the Southwestern US and, especially, in the vicinity of Lake Tahoe of from about +3A degrees C to +6A degrees C by end of century and changes in precipitation on the order of 5-10 % increases or (more commonly) decreases, depending on the climate model considered. Along with these basic changes, other climate variables like solar insolation, downwelling (longwave) radiant heat, and winds may change. Together these climate changes may result in changes in the hydrology of the Tahoe basin and potential changes in lake overturning and ecological regimes. Current climate projections, however, are generally spatially too coarse (with grid cells separated by 1 to 2A degrees latitude and longitude) for direct use in assessments of the vulnerabilities of the much smaller Tahoe basin. Thus, daily temperatures, precipitation, winds, and downward radiation fluxes from selected global projections have been downscaled by a statistical method called the constructed-analogues method onto 10 to 12 km grids over the Southwest and especially over Lake Tahoe. Precipitation, solar insolation and winds over the Tahoe basin change only moderately (and with indeterminate signs) in the downscaled projections, whereas temperatures and downward longwave fluxes increase along with imposed increases in global greenhouse-gas concentrations. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Dept 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Dettinger, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Dept 0224, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mddettin@usgs.gov FU CALFED; Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act (SNPLMA) FX Thanks to Tom Delworth, GFDL, for permission to access the GFDL CM2.1 data from their nomads.gfdl.noaa.gov ftp server, and thanks to three anonymous reviewers whose comments challenged and improved this paper. This is publication 29 from the CALFED-funded Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem (CASCaDE) Project, and is in support of a Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act (SNPLMA)-funded evaluation of potential climate-change impacts in the Tahoe basin and the USGS Priority Ecosystems Science Program in San Francisco Bay and Delta. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2013 VL 116 IS 1 SI SI BP 17 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0501-x PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058KN UT WOS:000312632700002 ER PT J AU Riverson, J Coats, R Costa-Cabral, M Dettinger, M Reuter, J Sahoo, G Schladow, G AF Riverson, John Coats, Robert Costa-Cabral, Mariza Dettinger, Michael Reuter, John Sahoo, Goloka Schladow, Geoffrey TI Modeling the transport of nutrients and sediment loads into Lake Tahoe under projected climatic changes SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; RUNOFF; RESPONSES; INCREASE; CARBON AB The outputs from two General Circulation Models (GCMs) with two emissions scenarios were downscaled and bias-corrected to develop regional climate change projections for the Tahoe Basin. For one model-the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory or GFDL model-the daily model results were used to drive a distributed hydrologic model. The watershed model used an energy balance approach for computing evapotranspiration and snowpack dynamics so that the processes remain a function of the climate change projections. For this study, all other aspects of the model (i.e. land use distribution, routing configuration, and parameterization) were held constant to isolate impacts of climate change projections. The results indicate that (1) precipitation falling as rain rather than snow will increase, starting at the current mean snowline, and moving towards higher elevations over time; (2) annual accumulated snowpack will be reduced; (3) snowpack accumulation will start later; and (4) snowmelt will start earlier in the year. Certain changes were masked (or counter-balanced) when summarized as basin-wide averages; however, spatial evaluation added notable resolution. While rainfall runoff increased at higher elevations, a drop in total precipitation volume decreased runoff and fine sediment load from the lower elevation meadow areas and also decreased baseflow and nitrogen loads basin-wide. This finding also highlights the important role that the meadow areas could play as high-flow buffers under climatic change. Because the watershed model accounts for elevation change and variable meteorological patterns, it provided a robust platform for evaluating the impacts of projected climate change on hydrology and water quality. C1 [Riverson, John] Tetra Tech, Fairfax, VA USA. [Coats, Robert] Hydroikos Ltd, Berkeley, CA USA. [Costa-Cabral, Mariza] Hydrol Futures LLC, Seattle, WA USA. [Dettinger, Michael] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Reuter, John; Sahoo, Goloka; Schladow, Geoffrey] UC Davis Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Riverson, J (reprint author), Tetra Tech, Fairfax, VA USA. EM john.riverson@tetratech.com FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station [08-DG-11272170-101]; Bureau of Land Management FX The Tahoe Climate Change Project was supported by grant #08-DG-11272170-101 from the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station using funds provided by the Bureau of Land Management through the sale of public lands as authorized by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act. We thank Jonathan Long for his patience and administrative help. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2013 VL 116 IS 1 SI SI BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0629-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058KN UT WOS:000312632700003 ER PT J AU Sahoo, GB Schladow, SG Reuter, JE Coats, R Dettinger, M Riverson, J Wolfe, B Costa-Cabral, M AF Sahoo, G. B. Schladow, S. G. Reuter, J. E. Coats, R. Dettinger, M. Riverson, J. Wolfe, B. Costa-Cabral, M. TI The response of Lake Tahoe to climate change SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID RESERVOIRS; DYNAMICS; MODELS AB Meteorology is the driving force for lake internal heating, cooling, mixing, and circulation. Thus continued global warming will affect the lake thermal properties, water level, internal nutrient loading, nutrient cycling, food-web characteristics, fish-habitat, aquatic ecosystem, and other important features of lake limnology. Using a 1-D numerical model-the Lake Clarity Model (LCM) -together with the down-scaled climatic data of the two emissions scenarios (B1 and A2) of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Global Circulation Model, we found that Lake Tahoe will likely cease to mix to the bottom after about 2060 for A2 scenario, with an annual mixing depth of less than 200 m as the most common value. Deep mixing, which currently occurs on average every 3-4 years, will (under the GFDL B1 scenario) occur only four times during 2061 to 2098. When the lake fails to completely mix, the bottom waters are not replenished with dissolved oxygen and eventually dissolved oxygen at these depths will be depleted to zero. When this occurs, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium-nitrogen (both biostimulatory) are released from the deep sediments and contribute approximately 51 % and 14 % of the total SRP and dissolved inorganic nitrogen load, respectively. The lake model suggests that climate change will drive the lake surface level down below the natural rim after 2085 for the GFDL A2 but not the GFDL B1 scenario. The results indicate that continued climate changes could pose serious threats to the characteristics of the Lake that are most highly valued. Future water quality planning must take these results into account. C1 [Sahoo, G. B.; Schladow, S. G.; Reuter, J. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sahoo, G. B.; Schladow, S. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Reuter, J. E.; Coats, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dettinger, M.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dettinger, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Riverson, J.] Tetra Tech Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wolfe, B.] NW Hydraul Consultants Ltd, S Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. [Costa-Cabral, M.] Hydrol Futures LLC, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Sahoo, GB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gbsahoo@ucdavis.edu NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 111 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2013 VL 116 IS 1 SI SI BP 71 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0600-8 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058KN UT WOS:000312632700005 ER PT J AU Riva-Murray, K Bradley, PM Chasar, LC Button, DT Brigham, ME Eikenberry, BCS Journey, CA Lutz, MA AF Riva-Murray, Karen Bradley, Paul M. Chasar, Lia C. Button, Daniel T. Brigham, Mark E. Eikenberry, Barbara C. Scudder Journey, Celeste A. Lutz, Michelle A. TI Influence of dietary carbon on mercury bioaccumulation in streams of the Adirondack Mountains of New York and the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury bioaccumulation; Carbon source; Stable isotopes; Macroinvertebrates; Fish; Trophic ecology; Streams and rivers; Lower food web ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; RIVER FOOD-WEB; METHYLMERCURY BIOACCUMULATION; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; TROPHIC POSITION; WATER; INVERTEBRATES; RATIOS; FISH AB We studied lower food webs in streams of two mercury-sensitive regions to determine whether variations in consumer foraging strategy and resultant dietary carbon signatures accounted for observed within-site and among-site variations in consumer mercury concentration. We collected macroinvertebrates (primary consumers and predators) and selected forage fishes from three sites in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, and three sites in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, for analysis of mercury (Hg) and stable isotopes of carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15). Among primary consumers, scrapers and filterers had higher MeHg and more depleted delta C-13 than shredders from the same site. Variation in delta C-13 accounted for up to 34 % of within-site variation in MeHg among primary consumers, beyond that explained by delta N-15, an indicator of trophic position. Consumer delta C-13 accounted for 10 % of the variation in Hg among predatory macroinvertebrates and forage fishes across these six sites, after accounting for environmental aqueous methylmercury (MeHg, 5 % of variation) and base-N adjusted consumer trophic position (Delta delta N-15, 22 % of variation). The delta C-13 spatial pattern within consumer taxa groups corresponded to differences in benthic habitat shading among sites. Consumers from relatively more-shaded sites had more enriched delta C-13 that was more similar to typical detrital delta C-13, while those from the relatively more-open sites had more depleted delta C-13. Although we could not clearly attribute these differences strictly to differences in assimilation of carbon from terrestrial or in-channel sources, greater potential for benthic primary production at more open sites might play a role. We found significant variation among consumers within and among sites in carbon source; this may be related to within-site differences in diet and foraging habitat, and to among-site differences in environmental conditions that influence primary production. These observations suggest that different foraging strategies and habitats influence MeHg bioaccumulation in streams, even at relatively small spatial scales. Such influence must be considered when selecting lower trophic level consumers as sentinels of MeHg bioaccumulation for comparison within and among sites. C1 [Riva-Murray, Karen] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bradley, Paul M.; Journey, Celeste A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. [Chasar, Lia C.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Button, Daniel T.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. [Brigham, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN USA. [Eikenberry, Barbara C. Scudder; Lutz, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. RP Riva-Murray, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM krmurray@usgs.gov OI Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851; Brigham, Mark/0000-0001-7412-6800 FU USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program FX The authors are grateful to John Byrnes, Whitney Stringfield, Thomas Abrahamsen, and Tia-Marie Stevens (USGS) for leading sample collection and for data management. We thank Robert Taylor (Trace Element Research Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas) for Hg analysis of fish; John DeWild, Mark Olson, and Shane Olund (Wisconsin Mercury Research Laboratory, Middleton, Wisconsin) for Hg analyses of macroinvertebrates and water; and Yingfeng Xu (National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida) for stable isotope analysis. We are grateful to AJ Smith and Doug Carlsen (NY State Department of Environmental Conservation), and Rick Morse and Brian Weatherwax (New York State Museum) for technical advice and assistance; and Charlotte Demers and Stacy McNulty (State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry) for use of the field laboratory at Huntington Wildlife Forest (Newcomb, NY). Finch-Pruyn, The Nature Conservancy, and RKM Timberland granted permission to access the Fishing Brook sites, and the Strom Thurmond family granted permission to access the McTier Creek sites. We appreciate the very helpful suggestions of two anonymous reviewers, and we thank Daren Carlisle (USGS), Robin Stewart (USGS), and Chris Knightes (USEPA) for their reviews of a previous draft. This study was supported by the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JAN PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1007/s10646-012-1003-3 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 058UI UT WOS:000312659600007 PM 23099811 ER PT J AU Long, ER Carr, RS Biedenbach, JM Weakland, S Partridge, V Dutch, M AF Long, Edward R. Carr, R. Scott Biedenbach, James M. Weakland, Sandra Partridge, Valerie Dutch, Margaret TI Toxicity of sediment pore water in Puget Sound (Washington, USA): a review of spatial status and temporal trends SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Puget Sound, Washington State (USA); Sediment porewater toxicity; Incidence; Spatial extent; Temporal trends ID QUALITY TRIAD; MARINE; BAY; ESTUARIES; EXTENT; TESTS; CALIFORNIA; RESOURCES; CRITERIA; HARBOR AB Data from toxicity tests of the pore water extracted from Puget Sound sediments were compiled from surveys conducted from 1997 to 2009. Tests were performed on 664 samples collected throughout all of the eight monitoring regions in the Sound, an area encompassing 2,294.1 km(2). Tests were performed with the gametes of the Pacific purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, to measure percent fertilization success as an indicator of relative sediment quality. Data were evaluated to determine the incidence, degree of response, geographic patterns, spatial extent, and temporal changes in toxicity. This is the first survey of this kind and magnitude in Puget Sound. In the initial round of surveys of the eight regions, 40 of 381 samples were toxic for an incidence of 10.5 %. Stations classified as toxic represented an estimated total of 107.1 km(2), equivalent to 4.7 % of the total area. Percent sea urchin fertilization ranged from > 100 % of the nontoxic, negative controls to 0 %. Toxicity was most prevalent and pervasive in the industrialized harbors and lowest in the deep basins. Conditions were intermediate in deep-water passages, urban bays, and rural bays. A second round of testing in four regions and three selected urban bays was completed 5-10 years following the first round. The incidence and spatial extent of toxicity decreased in two of the regions and two of the bays and increased in the other two regions and the third bay; however, only the latter change was statistically significant. Both the incidence and spatial extent of toxicity were lower in the Sound than in most other US estuaries and marine bays. C1 [Long, Edward R.; Weakland, Sandra; Partridge, Valerie; Dutch, Margaret] Washington State Dept Ecol, Environm Assessment Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Carr, R. Scott; Biedenbach, James M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Long, ER (reprint author), 3691 Cole Rd S, Salem, OR 97306 USA. EM elongwa@gmail.com NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 185 IS 1 BP 755 EP 775 DI 10.1007/s10661-012-2590-4 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 061GB UT WOS:000312835300062 PM 22392619 ER PT J AU Papoulias, DM Schwarz, MS Mena, L AF Papoulias, Diana M. Schwarz, Matt S. Mena, Lourdes TI Gonadal abnormalities in frogs (Lithobates spp.) collected from managed wetlands in an agricultural region of Nebraska, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ecotoxicology; Pesticides; Rainwater Basin; Endocrine disruption; Amphibian sexual development ID XENOPUS-LAEVIS; RANA-PIPIENS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; ATRAZINE; AMPHIBIANS; METAMORPHOSIS; GROWTH AB Nebraska's Rainwater Basin (RWB) provides important wetland habitat for North American migratory birds. Concern exists that pesticide and nutrient runoff from surrounding row-crops enters wetlands degrading water quality and adversely affecting birds and Wildlife. Frogs may be especially vulnerable. Plains leopard (Lithobates blairi) metamorphs from RWB wetlands with varying concentrations of pesticides were evaluated for a suite of biomarkers of exposure to endocrine active chemicals. Froglets had ovarian dysgenesis, high rates of testicular oocytes, and female-biased sex ratios however, there was no clear statistical association between pesticide concentrations and biomarkers. Data interpretation was hindered because timing and duration of exposures were unknown and due to an incomplete understanding of L blairi sexual development. Emphasis is on describing the complex developmental biology of closely-related leopard frogs, how this understanding can explain RWB L blairi anomalies, and the need for sampling at the appropriate life stage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Papoulias, Diana M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Schwarz, Matt S.; Mena, Lourdes] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nebraska Ecol Serv Field Off, Grand Isl, NE 68801 USA. RP Papoulias, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dpapoulias@usgs.gov; matt_schwarz@fws.gov; lourdes_mena@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Off-Refuge grants program FX The authors wish to thank Mandy Annis and Vanessa Velez for specimen preparation for histology. Julia Towns-Campbell provided invaluable library support. Dr. Jeffrey Wolf, Experimental Pathology Laboratory, reviewed a subset of slides from Killdeer 2007. Dr. Bethany Willams, Dr. Sara Storrs-Mendez provided valuable manuscript reviews. This project was funded through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Off-Refuge grants program. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 172 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.042 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060HE UT WOS:000312766300001 PM 22982548 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Journey, CA Brigham, ME Burns, DA Button, DT Riva-Murray, K AF Bradley, Paul M. Journey, Celeste A. Brigham, Mark E. Burns, Douglas A. Button, Daniel T. Riva-Murray, Karen TI Intra- and inter-basin mercury comparisons: Importance of basin scale and time-weighted methylmercury estimates SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Streams; Basin scale; Methylmercury; Total mercury; Yield; Wetlands; Sampling ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RIVER NETWORKS; FOOD WEBS; STREAM; USA; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINATION; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; FISHES AB To assess assess inter-comparability of fluvial mercury (Hg) observations at substantially different scales. Hg concentrations, yields, and bivariate-relations were evaluated at nested-basin locations in the Edisto River, South Carolina and Hudson River, New York. Differences between scales were observed for filtered methylmercury (FMeHg) in the Edisto (attributed to wetland coverage differences) but not in the Hudson. Total mercury (THg) concentrations and bivariate-relationships did not vary substantially with scale in either basin. Combining results of this and a previously published multi-basin study, fish Hg correlated strongly with sampled water FMeHg concentration (rho = 0.78; p = 0.003) and annual FMeHg basin yield (rho = 0.66; p = 0.026). Improved correlation (rho = 0.88; p < 0.0001) was achieved with time-weighted mean annual FMeHg concentrations estimated from basin-specific LOADEST models and daily streamflow. Results suggest reasonable scalability and inter-comparability for different basin sizes if wetland area or related MeHg-source-area metrics are considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Journey, Celeste A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Brigham, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Burns, Douglas A.; Riva-Murray, Karen] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Button, Daniel T.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov; cjourney@usgs.gov; mbrigham@usgs.gov; daburns@usgs.gov; dtbutton@usgs.gov; krmurray@usgs.gov OI Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851; Brigham, Mark/0000-0001-7412-6800 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs FX The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs supported this research. We thank the family of Senator Strom Thurmond as well as Finch-Pruyn and The Nature Conservancy for access to the McTier Creek and Fishing Brook study areas, respectively. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 172 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.008 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060HE UT WOS:000312766300005 PM 22982552 ER PT J AU Hupp, CR Noe, GB Schenk, ER Benthem, AJ AF Hupp, Cliff R. Noe, Gregory B. Schenk, Edward R. Benthem, Adam J. TI Recent and historic sediment dynamics along Difficult Run, a suburban Virginia Piedmont stream SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Floodplain deposition; Bank erosion; Sediment balance; Legacy sediment; Urbanization ID COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; EROSION RATES; FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTATION; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; BANK EROSION; MID-ATLANTIC; USA; URBAN; MARYLAND; RETENTION AB Suspended sediment is one of the major concerns regarding the quality of water entering the Chesapeake Bay. Some of the highest suspended-sediment concentrations occur on Piedmont streams, including Difficult Run, a tributary of the Potomac River draining urban and suburban parts of northern Virginia. Accurate information on catchment level sediment budgets is rare and difficult to determine. Further, the sediment trapping portion of sediment budget represents an important ecosystem service that profoundly affects downstream water quality. Our objectives, with special reference to human alterations to the landscape, include the documentation and estimation of floodplain sediment trapping (present and historic) and bank erosion along an urbanized Piedmont stream, the construction of a preliminary sediment balance, and the estimation of legacy sediment and recent development impacts. We used white feldspar markers to measure floodplain sedimentation rates and steel pins to measure erosion rates on floodplains and banks, respectively. Additional data were collected for/from legacy sediment thickness and characteristics, mill pond impacts, stream gaging station records, topographic surveying, and sediment density, texture, and organic content. Data were analyzed using GIS and various statistical programs. Results are interpreted relative to stream equilibrium affected by both post-colonial bottomland sedimentation (legacy) and modem watershed hardening associated with urbanization. Six floodplain/channel sites, from high to low in the watershed, were selected for intensive study. Bank erosion ranges from 0 to 470 kg/m/y and floodplain sedimentation ranges from 18 to 1369 kg/m/y (m refers to meters of stream reach). Upstream reaches are net erosional, while downstream reaches have a distinctly net depositional flux providing a watershed sediment balance of 2184 kg/m/y trapped within the system. The amounts of both deposition and erosion are large and suggest nonequilibrium channel conditions. Both peak discharge and number of peaks above base have substantially increased since the mid-1960s when urbanization of the watershed began. Deposition patterns are most closely correlated with channel gradient, sinuosity, and channel width/floodplain width for recent and historic periods. The substantial amounts of fine grained sediment deposited on the floodplain over the past two centuries or so do not appear to be closely related to historic mill pond presence or location. The floodplain continues to provide the critical ecosystem service of sediment trapping in the face of multiple human alterations. Trends in sediment deposition/erosion may react rapidly to land use practices within the watershed and offer a valuable barometer of the effects of management actions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hupp, Cliff R.; Noe, Gregory B.; Schenk, Edward R.; Benthem, Adam J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hupp, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM crhupp@usgs.gov OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646; Benthem, Adam/0000-0003-2372-0281; Schenk, Edward/0000-0001-6886-5754 FU USGS; Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems Program; National Research Program FX We thank Jackie Batson, Krystal Bealing, Russell Gray, Stuart Hupp, Patrick Kelly, Alexandra Macho, Nick Ostroski, Ivy Le, Lauren Page, and Sarah Ulrich for dedicated help in the field and laboratory and Allen Gellis for geomorphic feedback and inspiration in small watersheds. Dianna Hogan provided considerable effort and guidance in GIS/LiDAR production and analyses. John Jastram helped procure and reduce hydrologic records. We also thank John Rutherford and the Fairfax County Park Authority for information on mill locations, history, and access to the sites. Colleague reviews by Katherine Skalak and John Jastram are greatly appreciated and substantially improved the manuscript. Peer reviews by Peter Wilcock, James Pizzuto, and an anonymous referee resulted in further important revision. Funding was provided by the USGS, Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems Program and the National Research Program. NR 67 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 180 BP 156 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.10.007 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 056VH UT WOS:000312519000015 ER PT J AU Metzger, LF Izbicki, JA AF Metzger, Loren F. Izbicki, John A. TI Electromagnetic-Induction Logging to Monitor Changing Chloride Concentrations SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Water from the San Joaquin Delta, having chloride concentrations up to 3590 mg/L, has intruded fresh water aquifers underlying Stockton, California. Changes in chloride concentrations at depth within these aquifers were evaluated using sequential electromagnetic (EM) induction logs collected during 2004 through 2007 at seven multiple-well sites as deep as 268 m. Sequential EM logging is useful for identifying changes in groundwater quality through polyvinyl chloride-cased wells in intervals not screened by wells. These unscreened intervals represent more than 90% of the aquifer at the sites studied. Sequential EM logging suggested degrading groundwater quality in numerous thin intervals, typically between 1 and 7 m in thickness, especially in the northern part of the study area. Some of these intervals were unscreened by wells, and would not have been identified by traditional groundwater sample collection. Sequential logging also identified intervals with improving water qualitypossibly due to groundwater management practices that have limited pumping and promoted artificial recharge. EM resistivity was correlated with chloride concentrations in sampled wells and in water from core material. Natural gamma log data were used to account for the effect of aquifer lithology on EM resistivity. Results of this study show that a sequential EM logging is useful for identifying and monitoring the movement of high-chloride water, having lower salinities and chloride concentrations than sea water, in aquifer intervals not screened by wells, and that increases in chloride in water from wells in the area are consistent with high-chloride water originating from the San Joaquin Delta rather than from the underlying saline aquifer. C1 [Metzger, Loren F.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Izbicki, John A.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Metzger, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lfmetzger@usgs.gov; jaizbick@usgs.gov FU Northeastern San Joaquin Groundwater Banking Authority; California Department of Water Resources FX This study is part of larger study to quantify the sources, areal extent, and vertical distribution of high-chloride water to wells in the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin. Funding was provided cooperatively by the Northeastern San Joaquin Groundwater Banking Authority and the California Department of Water Resources. The authors thank local agencies for access to wells for sample collection and EM logging. The authors also thank Brandon Nakagawa of the Northeastern San Joaquin Groundwater Banking Authority, Anthony Tovar of the City of Stockton, and Tanya Meeth of the California Department of Water Resources for logistical and technical support during this study. The authors also thank the cooperators, U.S. Geological Survey, and journal reviewers for their comments and assistance in the preparation of the manuscript, especially Dr. Fred Paillet for his comments during review. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00944.x PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 063IF UT WOS:000312989000016 PM 22607466 ER PT J AU Lowry, CS Fienen, MN AF Lowry, Christopher S. Fienen, Michael N. TI CrowdHydrology: Crowdsourcing Hydrologic Data and Engaging Citizen Scientists SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Spatially and temporally distributed measurements of processes, such as baseflow at the watershed scale, come at substantial equipment and personnel cost. Research presented here focuses on building a crowdsourced database of inexpensive distributed stream stage measurements. Signs on staff gauges encourage citizen scientists to voluntarily send hydrologic measurements (e.g., stream stage) via text message to a server that stores and displays the data on the web. Based on the crowdsourced stream stage, we evaluate the accuracy of citizen scientist measurements and measurement approach. The results show that crowdsourced data collection is a supplemental method for collecting hydrologic data and a promising method of public engagement. C1 [Lowry, Christopher S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Fienen, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. RP Lowry, CS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, 411 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM cslowry@buffalo.edu RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009; OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651; Lowry, Christopher/0000-0003-0512-964X FU University at Buffalo FX Funding for this project came from the University at Buffalo. Access to the field sites was provided by the Buffalo Audubon Society and the New York State Department of Environment and Conservation. We thank Loren Smith and Charlotte Hsu for helping to publicize the project and Dave Yearke for computer support. The authors also thank Paul Juckem (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions that greatly improved this paper. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00956.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 063IF UT WOS:000312989000021 PM 22716075 ER PT J AU Benson, ER Wipfli, MS Clapcott, JE Hughes, NF AF Benson, Emily R. Wipfli, Mark S. Clapcott, Joanne E. Hughes, Nicholas F. TI Relationships between ecosystem metabolism, benthic macroinvertebrate densities, and environmental variables in a sub-arctic Alaskan river SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Benthic macroinvertebrates; Chena River; Ecosystem respiration; Primary production; Random Forests ID WHOLE-STREAM METABOLISM; OXYGEN CHANGE TECHNIQUE; FRESH-WATER MACROINVERTEBRATES; LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS; DRY MASS; PACIFIC SALMON; UNITED-STATES; INVERTEBRATES; IMPROVEMENTS; PRODUCTIVITY AB Relationships between environmental variables, ecosystem metabolism, and benthos are not well understood in sub-arctic ecosystems. The goal of this study was to investigate environmental drivers of river ecosystem metabolism and macroinvertebrate density in a sub-arctic river. We estimated primary production and respiration rates, sampled benthic macroinvertebrates, and monitored light intensity, discharge rate, and nutrient concentrations in the Chena River, interior Alaska, over two summers. We employed Random Forests models to identify predictor variables for metabolism rates and benthic macroinvertebrate density and biomass, and calculated Spearman correlations between in-stream nutrient levels and metabolism rates. Models indicated that discharge and length of time between high water events were the most important factors measured for predicting metabolism rates. Discharge was the most important variable for predicting benthic macroinvertebrate density and biomass. Primary production rate peaked at intermediate discharge, respiration rate was lowest at the greatest time since last high water event, and benthic macroinvertebrate density was lowest at high discharge rates. The ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to soluble reactive phosphorus ranged from 27:1 to 172:1. We found that discharge plays a key role in regulating stream ecosystem metabolism, but that low phosphorous levels also likely limit primary production in this sub-arctic stream. C1 [Benson, Emily R.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Benson, Emily R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Program, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Clapcott, Joanne E.] Cawthron Inst, Nelson 7042, New Zealand. RP Benson, ER (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, POB 441136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM erbenson@uidaho.edu FU Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX Thanks to Dr. Jeremy Jones for insightful comments on this manuscript, Dr. Arny Blanchard for assistance with statistical analyses, and Matthew Evenson for helpful input throughout the duration of this project. We thank the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for funding and technical support, as well as Audra Brase, Virgil Davis, Mel Durrett, Matt Evenson, TJ Fayton, Stephanie Fischer, Bessie Green, Laura Gutierrez, Jason Neuswanger, Megan Perry, Erika Rader, James Riedman, Dave Roon, James Savereide, Kyle Schumann, and Katie Skogen for help in the field and lab. Thanks to Dr. Abby Powell and several anonymous students at the University of Alaska Fairbanks for commenting on and improving an earlier draft of this manuscript. Water chemistry analytical data were provided by the Cooperative Chemical Analytical Laboratory established by memorandum of understanding no. PNW-82-187 between the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and the Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University. Any use of trade firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 94 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2013 VL 701 IS 1 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s10750-012-1272-0 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 054JF UT WOS:000312339100015 ER PT J AU Covault, JA Craddock, WH Romans, BW Fildani, A Gosai, M AF Covault, J. A. Craddock, W. H. Romans, B. W. Fildani, A. Gosai, M. TI Spatial and Temporal Variations in Landscape Evolution: Historic and Longer-Term Sediment Flux through Global Catchments SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITU-PRODUCED BE-10; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; EROSION RATES; DENUDATION RATES; DRAINAGE BASINS; RIVER-SEDIMENT; TIME SCALES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; DELIVERY PROBLEM AB Sediment generation and transport through terrestrial catchments influence soil distribution, geochemical cycling of particulate and dissolved loads, and the character of the stratigraphic record of Earth history. To assess the spatial and temporal variation in landscape evolution, we compare global compilations of stream gauge-derived (n = 1241) and cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN)-derived (predominantly Be-10; n = 1252) denudation of catchments (mm/yr) and sediment load of rivers (Mt/yr). Stream gauges measure suspended sediment loads of rivers during several to tens of years, whereas CRNs provide catchment-integrated denudation rates at 10(2)-10(5)-yr time scales. Stream gauge-derived and CRN-derived sediment loads in close proximity to one another (<500 km) exhibit broad similarity (n = 453 stream gauge samples; n = 967 CRN samples). Nearly two-thirds of CRN-derived sediment loads exceed historic loads measured at the same locations (n = 103). Excessive longer-term sediment loads likely are a result of longer-term recurrence of large-magnitude sediment-transport events. Nearly 80% of sediment loads measured at approximately the same locations exhibit stream gauge loads that are within an order of magnitude of CRN loads, likely as a result of the buffering capacity of large flood plains. Catchments in which space for deposition exceeds sediment supply have greater buffering capacity. Superior locations in which to evaluate anthropogenic influences on landscape evolution might be buffered catchments, in which temporary storage of sediment in flood plains can provide stream gauge-based sediment loads and denudation rates that are applicable over longer periods than the durations of gauge measurements. The buffering capacity of catchments also has implications for interpreting the stratigraphic record; delayed sediments transfer might complicate the stratigrphic record of external forcings and catchment modification. C1 [Covault, J. A.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX USA. [Craddock, W. H.; Gosai, M.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Romans, B. W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fildani, A.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, San Ramon, CA USA. RP Covault, JA (reprint author), Chevron Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX USA. EM jcek@chevron.com RI Romans, Brian/G-2035-2010; OI Romans, Brian/0000-0002-3112-0326 NR 73 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 40 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 EI 1537-5269 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 121 IS 1 BP 35 EP 56 DI 10.1086/668680 PG 22 WC Geology SC Geology GA 062II UT WOS:000312912300003 ER PT J AU Demaso, SJ Sands, JP Brennan, LA Hernandez, F Deyoung, RW AF Demaso, Stephen J. Sands, Joseph P. Brennan, Leonard A. Hernandez, Fidel Deyoung, Randy W. TI Simulating density-dependent relationships in south Texas northern bobwhite populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colinus virginianus; density dependence; model; northern bobwhite; population; simulation ID QUAIL; PRECIPITATION; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; WEATHER AB Density dependence influences northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) reproduction and overwinter mortality. However, the functional forms of these density-dependent relationships or the factors that influence them during the annual life cycle events of this bird are not clear. We used a systems analysis approach with a compartment model based on difference equations (?t?=?3 months) for bobwhites in South Texas to simulate population behavior using 16 different functional forms of density-dependent production and overwinter mortality. During the reproductive season, a weak linear density-dependent relationship resulted in the longest population persistence (up to 100.0?yr), whereas a reverse-sigmoid density-dependent relationship had the worst population persistence (2.53.5?yr). Regarding overwinter mortality, a sigmoid or weak linear density-dependent relationship and a weak linear or no density-dependent reproduction relationship had the longest population persistence (87.5100.0?yr). Weak linear density-dependent reproduction with either sigmoid or weak linear overwinter mortality produced stable fall population trends. Our results indicated that density dependence may have a greater influence on overwinter survival of bobwhites than previously thought. Inclusion of density-dependent functional relationships that represent both density-dependent reproduction and overwinter mortality, were critical for our simulation model to function properly. Therefore, integrating density-dependent relationships for both reproductive and overwinter periods of the annual cycle of bobwhite life history events is essential for conducting realistic bobwhite population simulation analyses that can be used to test different management scenarios in an integrated and interdisciplinary manner. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Demaso, Stephen J.; Sands, Joseph P.; Brennan, Leonard A.; Hernandez, Fidel; Deyoung, Randy W.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Demaso, SJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gulf Coast Joint Venture, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM steve_demaso@fws.gov FU Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute; Texas A&M University-Kingsville; Texas State Council, South Texas, Houston, East Texas, and Alamo Chapters of Quail Coalition; George and Mary Josephine Hamman Foundation; Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; Amy Shelton McNutt Charitable Trust; Amy Shelton McNutt Memorial Fund; Bob and Vivian Smith Foundation; William A. and Madeline Welder Smith Foundation; C. C. Winn Endowed Chair; Alfred C. Glassell Jr. Endowed Professorship in the R. M. Kleberg, Jr. Center for Quail Research FX We thank the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute and Texas A&M University-Kingsville for providing financial and logistical support. Cooperative funding was provided by the Texas State Council, South Texas, Houston, East Texas, and Alamo Chapters of Quail Coalition; George and Mary Josephine Hamman Foundation; Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; Amy Shelton McNutt Charitable Trust; Amy Shelton McNutt Memorial Fund; Bob and Vivian Smith Foundation; and The William A. and Madeline Welder Smith Foundation. We thank D. G. Hewitt and B. Ballard for providing helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. LAB was supported by the C. C. Winn Endowed Chair and FH was supported by the Alfred C. Glassell Jr. Endowed Professorship in the R. M. Kleberg, Jr. Center for Quail Research. This is Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute publication number 12-122. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1002/jwmg.503 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065AJ UT WOS:000313118400005 ER PT J AU Herring, G Gawlik, DE AF Herring, Garth Gawlik, Dale E. TI Differential physiological responses to prey availability by the great egret and white Ibis SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ardea alba; corticosterone; Eudocimus albus; Florida Everglades; heat shock proteins; nesting ecology; pre-breeding ID STRESS-PROTEIN-LEVELS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; WADING BIRDS; HABITAT SELECTION; FOOD AVAILABILITY; EUDOCIMUS-ALBUS; PREDATION RISK; LESSER SCAUP; FAT; CORTICOSTERONE AB In long-lived species, the balance between the benefits of reproduction and the costs from reduced survival or productivity is particularly challenging in dynamic environments like wetlands, where food levels vary greatly year to year. Some wetland species exhibit changes in reproductive strategies in response to food availability but whether physiological responses function in a similar manner is unclear. We compared the pre-breeding physiological responses (fecal corticosterone [FCORT], heat shock protein 60 [HSP60], and mass) of 2 species of wading birds with contrasting foraging strategies (great egret [Ardea alba], an exploiter, and white ibis [Eudocimus albus], a searcher) during years with contrasting levels of prey availability. Both species were in good physiological condition, with low levels of HSP60 and FCORT, during a year with high prey availability (2006). In a contrasting year with lesser prey availability (2007), HSP60 and FCORT concentrations indicated that ibis physiological condition was reduced, whereas egrets showed little change. Egrets and male ibis increased body mass, whereas female ibis decreased mass, in the year with low prey availability. Although poorly understood, we hypothesize that the differential response between female ibis and the others is associated with differential investment strategies based on long-term costs of reproduction. Model results identified prey availability and the 2-week water recession rate as the primary habitat variables that were associated with the physiological condition of white ibises, whereas great egret physiological condition was influenced mostly by 2-week water recession rate. Our results support the hypothesis that prey availability and hydrological factors play crucial roles in regulating populations of wading birds in the Florida Everglades. The results of this study show a more complete pathway by which hydrologic patterns affect wading birds, and it suggests that ibis are more sensitive to habitat conditions than are egrets. This information can be used to refine species models designed to evaluate water management scenarios and will improve our ability to manage and restore wetland ecosystems (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Herring, Garth; Gawlik, Dale E.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, 25 Ctr,3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gherring@usgs.gov FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for research was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank T. Dean for his support in implementing this study. We appreciate the enormous efforts of J. Beerens in helping coordinate field research and capture of all the wading birds in this study. We appreciate the support and cooperation of the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge staff. M. Cook, P. Dixon, H. Herring, S. Milton, J. Volin, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. We thank our field research crews and fellow researchers that assisted in collection of field data: T. Anderson, T. Beck, J. Beerens, B. Botson, E. Call, H. Herring, N. Hill, A. Horton, B. Imdieke, M. Kobza, and S. Lantz. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1002/jwmg.445 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065AJ UT WOS:000313118400009 ER PT J AU Abele, SL Wirsing, AJ Murray, DL AF Abele, Susan L. Wirsing, Aaron J. Murray, Dennis L. TI Precommercial forest thinning alters abundance but not survival of snowshoe hares SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat; Lepus americanus; Oregon; precommercial forest thinning; predation; radio-telemetry; survival ID LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST; LONG-TERM RESPONSES; LAND-USE; SMALL MAMMALS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FRAGMENTED HABITAT; BIODIVERSITY; STAND; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION AB Anthropogenic landscape modification is a major threat to global biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. Thus, land use practices that reconcile human needs with protection of species and ecological processes are of interest. Precommercial forest thinning (PCT) is a land use practice that is believed to be less ecologically disruptive than other silvicultural approaches (e.g., clear-cutting). The impacts of PCT on wildlife populations are not well understood, however, and the effects of this practice on individual animals have not been rigorously examined. Accordingly, we investigated short-term population and individual responses of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) to PCT in western Oregon during 20012002. We live-trapped hares (n?=?143) seasonally and equipped them with mortality-sensitive radio-collars on 3 manipulated sites that were precommercially thinned and on 3 undisturbed controls. We also quantified the activity (movement rates) of all collared hares using an automated data-logger. As a result, we were able to document the effects of PCT on hare abundance, individual survival, and daily movement. Thinning significantly reduced hare abundance relative to that on control sites, but had no effect on individual mortality or activity. We infer, therefore, that a portion of the hares on thinned sites dispersed to adjacent habitat, where they survived as well as conspecifics on both control and manipulated sites but were unavailable for subsequent capture. We conclude that PCT affects hare density in the short-term (i.e., at least in the first few years post-treatment) largely via altered behavior. Thus, if the immediate impacts of this practice on hare populations are to be minimized, thinned stands should be imbedded in a habitat matrix that facilitates the occupancy of individuals dispersing from disturbed patches. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Abele, Susan L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Wirsing, Aaron J.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Murray, Dennis L.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Abele, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Partners Fish & Wildlife Program, 1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 234, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM wirsinga@u.washington.edu FU Willamette National Forest (USDA, U.S. Forest Service); Mt. Hood National Forest, Eugene District of the Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Oregon State Office FX Funding for this project was provided by the Willamette National Forest (USDA, U.S. Forest Service), the Mt. Hood National Forest, Eugene District of the Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Oregon State Office. We thank K. Byford, A. Dyck, D. Pengeroth, C. Melotti, and C. Lee for advice and logistical support, and are indebted to L. Cross, N. Nielsen-Pincus, C. Sponseller, E. Halemeier, L. Weiss, J. Shearer, S. Abele, J. Pagel, S. Pagel, and B. Clark for help with data collection in the field. The manuscript benefited from helpful comments by J. Bowman and 2 anonymous referees. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1002/jwmg.426 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065AJ UT WOS:000313118400012 ER PT J AU Sauer, JR Blank, PJ Zipkin, EF Fallon, JE Fallon, FW AF Sauer, John R. Blank, Peter J. Zipkin, Elise F. Fallon, Jane E. Fallon, Frederick W. TI Using multi-species occupancy models in structured decision making on managed lands SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE breeding birds; managed lands; multi-species occupancy model; objective function; scrub-successional species; structured decision making; woodland species ID UNITED-STATES; BIRDS; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE AB Land managers must balance the needs of a variety of species when manipulating habitats. Structured decision making provides a systematic means of defining choices and choosing among alternative management options; implementation of a structured decision requires quantitative approaches to predicting consequences of management on the relevant species. Multi-species occupancy models provide a convenient framework for making structured decisions when the management objective is focused on a collection of species. These models use replicate survey data that are often collected on managed lands. Occupancy can be modeled for each species as a function of habitat and other environmental features, and Bayesian methods allow for estimation and prediction of collective responses of groups of species to alternative scenarios of habitat management. We provide an example of this approach using data from breeding bird surveys conducted in 2008 at the Patuxent Research Refuge in Laurel, Maryland, evaluating the effects of eliminating meadow and wetland habitats on scrub-successional and woodland-breeding bird species using summed total occupancy of species as an objective function. Removal of meadows and wetlands decreased value of an objective function based on scrub-successional species by 23.3% (95% CI: 20.326.5), but caused only a 2% (0.5, 3.5) increase in value of an objective function based on woodland species, documenting differential effects of elimination of meadows and wetlands on these groups of breeding birds. This approach provides a useful quantitative tool for managers interested in structured decision making. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Sauer, John R.; Blank, Peter J.; Zipkin, Elise F.; Fallon, Jane E.; Fallon, Frederick W.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Sauer, JR (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jrsauer@usgs.gov FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank D. Bystrak, J. Chandler, D. K. Dawson, B. A. Dowell, S. Droege, K. Fleming, W. Hubick, J. A. Lutmerding, M. Lutmerding, G. Radko, C. S. Robbins, F. Shaffer, M. Wimer, and D. Ziolkowski for conducting bird counts. D. Bystrak marked many of the sample points during an earlier survey. J. Lyons, M. Knutson, and D. Linden provided useful reviews of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1002/jwmg.442 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065AJ UT WOS:000313118400015 ER PT J AU Amundson, CL Pieron, MR Arnold, TW Beaudoin, LA AF Amundson, Courtney L. Pieron, Matthew R. Arnold, Todd W. Beaudoin, Laura A. TI The effects of predator removal on mallard production and population change in northeastern North Dakota SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; mallard; North Dakota; population model; predator removal; recruitment; sensitivity analysis ID UPLAND-NESTING DUCKS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; DUCKLING SURVIVAL; WATERFOWL PRODUCTION; SENSITIVITY; SUCCESS; BROOD; RECRUITMENT; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH AB In 1994, Delta Waterfowl Foundation began trapping mammalian meso-predators in North Dakota during the breeding season in an attempt to increase waterfowl nest success and enhance recruitment into the fall flight and subsequent breeding population. Multiple studies on these sites demonstrated that removing predators results in near doubling of nest success, which previous simulation modeling suggests is the most influential vital rate influencing the population growth rate of mid-continent mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). We present an assessment of the impact of predator removal on mallard production using population models. We conducted this study on 9 township-sized (93.2?km2) sites (48 sites annually per vital rate) in northeastern North Dakota from 20062008. Trappers removed mammalian meso-predators on 5 sites and the other 4 served as unmanaged reference sites. To estimate recruitment, we used derived estimates and process variance of pair numbers, hen success (nest survival corrected for renesting), initial brood size, pre-fledging survival, and post-fledging survival, along with previously published estimates of breeding propensity and adult female survival rates. Trapped sites had greater hen success (H?=?0.69, ${\rm {\hat {\sigma }}}$?=?0.03) than reference sites (H?=?0.53, ${\rm {\hat {\sigma }}}$?=?0.06), but similar indicated breeding pairs, initial brood size, and pre-fledging survival. We estimated that females on trapped sites added 140 more mallards of both sexes to the fall flight than females on reference sites, at an approximate cost of $74.29 per incremental mallard. Additionally, trapping predators provided a marginal increase (0.04) in finite population growth. We found that predator removal targeted at mammalian nest predators did not produce as many incremental mallards as previously thought and may not be a viable strategy for increasing mallard productivity under conditions similar to those observed during this study. We conducted a sensitivity analysis and determined that pre-fledging survival was the most influential factor regulating mallard population growth. Although hen success increased as a result of trapping, duckling survival became a limiting factor. We suggest that waterfowl managers assess multiple vital rates to determine the likelihood that management actions focused on a single parameter, such as nest success, will yield desired population level effects. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Amundson, Courtney L.; Arnold, Todd W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Pieron, Matthew R.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Beaudoin, Laura A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W2, Canada. RP Amundson, CL (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM camundson@usgs.gov FU Delta Waterfowl Foundation; Louisiana State University; University of Minnesota; University of Guelph; Bell Avian Fellowship through the Bell Museum of Natural History; Dennis Raveling Scholarship through the California Waterfowl Association FX Delta Waterfowl Foundation provided the vast majority of funding for C. Amundson, M. Pieron, and L. Beaudoin's research and we would especially like to thank F. Rohwer and L. Loos for their support. From 2006 to 2008, over 60 field technicians worked long hours assisting in data collection for site-specific vital rates, and we appreciate their dedication. D. Brandt provided additional field assistance. Support from more than 200 landowners and numerous trappers made this study possible. USFWS Devil's Lake WMD, especially R. Hollevoet and C. Dixon, provided logistical support. Louisiana State University, the University of Minnesota, and the University of Guelph provided additional funding. C. Amundson had further financial support from the Bell Avian Fellowship through the Bell Museum of Natural History, and the Dennis Raveling Scholarship through the California Waterfowl Association. C. Chizinski, B. Sandercock, and S. Hoekman provided statistical guidance. P. Flint, A. Pagano, F. Rohwer, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on previous drafts of this manuscript. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1002/jwmg.438 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065AJ UT WOS:000313118400017 ER PT J AU Drewry, JM Van Manen, FT Ruth, DM AF Drewry, J. Michael Van Manen, Frank T. Ruth, Deanna M. TI Density and genetic structure of black bears in coastal South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; coastal South Carolina; DNA sampling; genetic structure; population density; spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR); Ursus americanus ID MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; BROWN BEARS; HABITAT; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; EXPLORATION; SIMULATION AB The frequency of black bear (Ursus americanus) sightings, vehicle collisions, and nuisance incidents in the coastal region of South Carolina has increased over the past 4 decades. To develop the statewide Black Bear Management and Conservation Strategy, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources needed reliable information for the coastal population. Because no such data were available, we initiated a study to determine population density and genetic structure of black bears. We selected 2 study areas that were representative of the major habitat types in the study region: Lewis Ocean Bay consisted primarily of Carolina Bays and pocosin habitats, whereas Carvers Bay was representative of extensive pine plantations commonly found in the region. We established hair snares on both study areas to obtain DNA from hair samples during 8 weekly sampling periods in 2008 and again in 2009. We used genotypes to obtain capture histories of sampled bears. We estimated density using spatially explicit capturerecapture (SECR) models and used information-theoretic procedures to fit parameters for capture heterogeneity and behavioral responses and to test if density and model parameters varied by year. Model-averaged density was 0.046?bears/km2 (SE?=?0.011) for Carvers Bay and 0.339?bears/km2 (SE?=?0.056) for Lewis Ocean Bay. Next, we sampled habitat covariates for all locations in the SECR sampling grid to derive spatially explicit estimates of density based on habitat characteristics. Addition of habitat covariates had substantial support, and accounted for differences in density between Carvers Bay and Lewis Ocean Bay; black bear density showed a negative association with the area of pine forests (4.5-km2 scale) and a marginal, positive association with the area of pocosin habitat (0.3-km2 scale). Bear density was not associated with pine forest at a smaller scale (0.3-km2), nor with major road density or an index of largest patch size. Predicted bear densities were low throughout the coastal region and only a few larger areas had high predicted densities, most of which were centered on public lands (e.g., Francis Marion National Forest, Lewis Ocean Bay). We sampled a third bear population in the Green Swamp area of North Carolina for genetic structure analyses and found no evidence of historic fragmentation among the 3 sampled populations. Neither did we find evidence of more recent barriers to gene exchange; with the exception of 1 recent migrant, Bayesian population assignment techniques identified only a single population cluster that incorporated all 3 sampled areas. Bears in the region may best be managed as 1 population. If the goal is to maintain or increase bear densities, demographic connectivity of high-density areas within the low-density landscape matrix is a key consideration and managers would need to mitigate potential impacts of planned highway expansions and anticipated development. Because the distribution of black bears in coastal South Carolina is not fully known, the regional map of potential black bear density can be used to identify focal areas for management and sites that should be surveyed for occupancy or where more intensive studies are needed. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Van Manen, Frank T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ruth, Deanna M.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. RP Drewry, JM (reprint author), Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 2415 Darnall Rd, New Iberia, LA 70560 USA. EM fvanmanen@usgs.gov FU South Carolina Department of Natural Resources FX The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and anonymous donors provided funding for this project. M. Efford provided valuable feedback and advise on our SECR analyses. We thank D. Paetkau and the staff at Wildlife Genetics International for the DNA analyses and assistance with interpretation of results. J. Bowdler, W. Morris, K. Munnerlyn, and M. Valentine assisted with field data collection. Mead-Westvaco Co., Resource Management Service, White Oak Forestry, A. Carl and The Nature Conservancy, and private landowners D. Young and A. W. Clemmons allowed access on their lands for data collection. We thank S. Bayard de Volo, J. Clark, D. Diefenbach, B. Fitzpatrick, A. Saxton, and J. Young for improving the manuscript. T. White provided administrative support throughout this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government or the South Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1002/jwmg.443 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065AJ UT WOS:000313118400018 ER PT J AU Mckann, PC Gray, BR Thogmartin, WE AF Mckann, Patrick C. Gray, Brian R. Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI Small sample bias in dynamic occupancy models SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; colonization; detection; dynamic; extinction; occupancy; persistence; WinBUGS ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; WINBUGS AB Occupancy models may be used to estimate the probability that a randomly selected site in an area of interest is occupied by a species (gamma), given imperfect detection (psi). This method can be extended, given multiple survey periods, to permit the estimation of seasonal probabilities of ?, colonization (?), persistence (f), and extinction (1?-?f) in season t. We evaluated the sampling properties of estimators of these parameters using simulated data across a range of the parameters, differing levels of sites and visits, with a published dynamic occupancy model (Royle and Kery 2007). Bias depended largely on p and the number of visits, but also on the number of sites, ?t, ?, and 1?-?f. To decrease bias in all parameters to near zero, our results suggest that the number of required visits will depend on p, such that the probability of detection at an occupied site is near 0.9, and the required number of sites will be near 60 for psi t estimation and 120 or greater for gamma and 1?-?f estimation. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Mckann, Patrick C.] US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99202 USA. [Gray, Brian R.; Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Mckann, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 904 W Riverside Ave 221, Spokane, WA 99202 USA. EM pmckann@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1002/jwmg.433 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065AJ UT WOS:000313118400020 ER PT J AU Ugarte, CA Bass, OL Nuttle, W Mazzotti, FJ Rice, KG Fujisaki, I Whelan, KRT AF Ugarte, Cristina A. Bass, Oron L. Nuttle, William Mazzotti, Frank J. Rice, Kenneth G. Fujisaki, Ikuko Whelan, Kevin R. T. TI The influence of regional hydrology on nesting behavior and nest fate of the American alligator SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alligator mississippiensis; discharge; flooding; harmonic analysis; hydroperiod; reproduction; wetland AB Hydrologic conditions are critical to the nesting behavior and reproductive success of crocodilians. In South Florida, USA, growing human settlement has led to extensive surface water management and modification of historical water flows in the wetlands, which have affected regional nesting of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Although both natural and anthropogenic factors are considered to determine hydrologic conditions, the aspects of hydrological patterns that affect alligator nest effort, flooding (partial and complete), and failure (no hatchling) are unclear. We deconstructed annual hydrological patterns using harmonic models that estimated hydrological matrices including mean, amplitude, timing of peak, and periodicity of surface water depth and discharge and examined their effects on alligator nesting using survey data from Shark Slough, Everglades National Park, from 1985 to 2005. Nest effort increased in years with higher mean and lesser periodicity of water depth. A greater proportion of nests were flooded and failed when peak discharge occurred earlier in the year. Also, nest flooding rates were greater in years with greater periodicity of water depth, and nest failure rate was greater when mean discharge was higher. This study guides future water management decisions to mitigate negative impacts on reproduction of alligators and provides wildlife managers with a tool for assessing and modifying annual water management plans to conserve crocodilians and other wetland species. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Ugarte, Cristina A.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Bass, Oron L.] S Florida Nat Resource Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Nuttle, William] Ecohydrology, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Mazzotti, Frank J.; Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Rice, Kenneth G.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Whelan, Kevin R. T.] Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. RP Ugarte, CA (reprint author), 10031 Bahama Dr, Cutler Bay, FL 33189 USA. EM ikuko@ufl.edu FU ENP FX We would like to thank ENP for initiating the SRF research and providing economic and logistical support. We thank the National Park Service Critical Ecosystem Initiative Studies (CESI) Postdoctoral Fellowship/University of Florida, School of Natural Resources, and the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science (GEPES) for supporting the analysis of this research. We are grateful for the countless hours of help over the years conducting the SRF research by various technicians, especially L. Oberhofer, and editorial assistance by R. Harvey, J. Redwine, and three anonymous reviewers. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1002/jwmg.463 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065AJ UT WOS:000313118400022 ER PT J AU Flint, PL AF Flint, Paul L. TI Changes in size and trends of North American sea duck populations associated with North Pacific oceanic regime shifts SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EIDERS SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; COMMON EIDERS; ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS; SEABIRD POPULATIONS; CLIMATE; DYNAMICS; OSCILLATION; ALASKA; DECLINES; SURVIVAL AB Broad-scale multi-species declines in populations of North American sea ducks for unknown reasons is cause for management concern. Oceanic regime shifts have been associated with rapid changes in ecosystem structure of the North Pacific and Bering Sea. However, relatively little is known about potential effects of these changes in oceanic conditions on marine bird populations at broad scales. I examined changes in North American breeding populations of sea ducks from 1957 to 2011 in relation to potential oceanic regime shifts in the North Pacific in 1977, 1989, and 1998. There was strong support for population-level effects of regime shifts in 1977 and 1989, but little support for an effect of the 1998 shift. The continental-level effects of these regime shifts differed across species groups and time. Based on patterns of sea duck population dynamics associated with regime shifts, it is unclear if the mechanism of change relates to survival or reproduction. Results of this analysis support the hypothesis that population size and trends of North American sea ducks are strongly influenced by oceanic conditions. The perceived population declines appear to have halted > 20 years ago, and populations have been relatively stable or increasing since that time. Given these results, we should reasonably expect dramatic changes in sea duck population status and trends with future oceanic regime shifts. C1 USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM pflint@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 160 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s00227-012-2062-y PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 064CD UT WOS:000313047600006 ER PT J AU Moyes, AB Castanha, C Germino, MJ Kueppers, LM AF Moyes, Andrew B. Castanha, Cristina Germino, Matthew J. Kueppers, Lara M. TI Warming and the dependence of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Limber pine; Treeline; Experimental warming; Moisture stress ID ABIES-LASIOCARPA SEEDLINGS; MARIANA MILL. BSP; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; PICEA-ENGELMANNII; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; LEAF RESPIRATION; ROCKY MOUNTAINS; WATER RELATIONS AB Continued changes in climate are projected to alter the geographic distributions of plant species, in part by affecting where individuals can establish from seed. We tested the hypothesis that warming promotes uphill redistribution of subalpine tree populations by reducing cold limitation at high elevation and enhancing drought stress at low elevation. We seeded limber pine (Pinus flexilis) into plots with combinations of infrared heating and water addition treatments, at sites positioned in lower subalpine forest, the treeline ecotone, and alpine tundra. In 2010, first-year seedlings were assessed for physiological performance and survival over the snow-free growing season. Seedlings emerged in midsummer, about 5-8 weeks after snowmelt. Low temperature was not observed to limit seedling photosynthesis or respiration between emergence and October, and thus experimental warming did not appear to reduce cold limitation at high elevation. Instead, gas exchange and water potential from all sites indicated a prevailing effect of summer moisture stress on photosynthesis and carbon balance. Infrared heaters raised soil growing degree days (base 5 A degrees C, p < 0.001) and August-September mean soil temperature (p < 0.001). Despite marked differences in vegetation cover and meteorological conditions across sites, volumetric soil moisture content (theta) at 5-10 cm below 0.16 and 0.08 m(3) m(-3) consistently corresponded with moderate and severe indications of drought stress in midday stem water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and respiration. Seedling survival was greater in watered plots than in heated plots (p = 0.01), and negatively related to soil growing degree days and duration of exposure to theta < 0.08 m(3) m(-3) in a stepwise linear regression model (p < 0.0001). We concluded that seasonal moisture stress and high soil surface temperature imposed a strong limitation to limber pine seedling establishment across a broad elevation gradient, including at treeline, and that these limitations are likely to be enhanced by further climate warming. C1 [Moyes, Andrew B.; Kueppers, Lara M.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Castanha, Cristina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Moyes, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, 5200 N Lake Rd, Merced, CA 95343 USA. EM amoyes@ucmerced.edu RI Moyes, Andrew/B-4800-2013; Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013; Kueppers, Lara/M-8323-2013; Moyes, Andrew/J-3339-2016; Castanha, Cristina/D-3247-2015 OI Kueppers, Lara/0000-0002-8134-3579; Moyes, Andrew/0000-0002-9137-8118; Castanha, Cristina/0000-0001-7327-5169 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy. We thank the Mountain Research Station and Niwot Ridge LTER at the University of Colorado, Boulder for logistical support. M. Barlerin, S. Barlerin, J. Beauregard, J. Darrow, S. Ferrenberg, S. Love-Stowell, A. Peterson, and K. Riddell set up and/or maintained the treatment and microclimate sensing infrastructure, and D. Billesbach, D. Christensen, and J. Norris assisted with microclimate data retrieval, quality assurance, and archiving. J. B. Curtis, M. Daly, A. Faist, A. P. Farnham, H. Finkel, E. Flemming, C. Foster, R. Gaffney, A. Howell, A. Qubain, M. Redmond, A. Slominski, S. Sawyer, S. Taylor Smith, and F. Zust collected and sowed seeds and/or conducted germination and survival surveys. Thanks to K. Reinhardt for valuable discussions and helpful feedback on early drafts of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 64 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 144 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2013 VL 171 IS 1 BP 271 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2410-0 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064MI UT WOS:000313079100025 PM 22875149 ER PT J AU von Biela, VR Zimmerman, CE Cohn, BR Welker, JM AF von Biela, Vanessa R. Zimmerman, Christian E. Cohn, Brian R. Welker, Jeffrey M. TI Terrestrial and marine trophic pathways support young-of-year growth in a nearshore Arctic fish SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Beaufort Sea; Carbon isotope; Diet analysis; Nearshore; Terrestrial carbon ID CISCO COREGONUS-AUTUMNALIS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; BEAUFORT SEA; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; CLIMATE IMPACTS; FOOD-WEB; CARBON; ZOOPLANKTON; RIVER; PHYTOPLANKTON AB River discharge supplies nearshore communities with a terrestrial carbon source that is often reflected in invertebrate and fish consumers. Recent studies in the Beaufort Sea have documented widespread terrestrial carbon use among invertebrates, but only limited use among nearshore fish consumers. Here, we examine the carbon source and diet of rapidly growing young-of-year Arctic cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) using stable isotope values (delta C-13 and delta N-15) from muscle and diet analysis (stomach contents) during a critical and previously unsampled life stage. Stable isotope values (delta N-15 and delta C-13) may differentiate between terrestrial and marine sources and integrate over longer time frames (weeks). Diet analysis provides species-specific information, but only from recent foraging (days). Average delta C-13 for all individuals was -25.7 aEuro degrees, with the smallest individuals possessing significantly depleted delta C-13 values indicative of a stronger reliance of terrestrial carbon sources as compared to larger individuals. Average delta N-15 for all individuals was 10.4 aEuro degrees, with little variation among individuals. As fish length increased, the proportion of offshore Calanus prey and neritic Mysis prey increased. Rapid young-of-year growth in Arctic cisco appears to use terrestrial carbon sources obtained by consuming a mixture of neritic and offshore zooplankton. Shifts in the magnitude or phenology of river discharge and the delivery of terrestrial carbon may alter the ecology of nearshore fish consumers. C1 [von Biela, Vanessa R.; Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Cohn, Brian R.; Welker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, ENRI Stable Isotope Lab, Dept Biol Sci, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP von Biela, VR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM vvonbiela@usgs.gov RI Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013; OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; MRI [0953271] FX Sample collections were made available to our laboratory by R. Fechhelm at LGL Limited with the consent of B. Streever and BP under Fish Resource Permit CF-09-109 issued by the State of Alaska, Department of Fish and Game. Diet analyses were conducted by T. C. Stark at the University of Alaska Fairbanks and S. E. Burril at the U. S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center. K. H. Dunton provided constructive comments on this manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management with the assistance of K. Wedemeyer. Support by NSF for the Environmental and Natural Resources Institute stable isotope facility was provided by MRI grant 0953271 awarded to JMW. Any use of trade names or products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s00300-012-1244-x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059TZ UT WOS:000312729700011 ER PT J AU Black, BA von Biela, VR Zimmerman, CE Brown, RJ AF Black, B. A. von Biela, V. R. Zimmerman, C. E. Brown, R. J. TI Lake trout otolith chronologies as multidecadal indicators of high-latitude freshwater ecosystems SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendrochronology; Sclerochronology; Climate change; Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve; Salvelinus namaycush ID CLIMATE-GROWTH RELATIONSHIPS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; ARCTIC LAKES; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; INCREMENTS; RATION; ALASKA; TREES; BASS AB High-latitude ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to long-term climate change, yet continuous, multidecadal indicators by which to gauge effects on biology are scarce, especially in freshwater environments. To address this issue, dendrochronology (tree-ring analysis) techniques were applied to growth-increment widths in otoliths from lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the Chandler Lake system, Alaska (68.23A degrees N, 152.70A degrees W). All otoliths were collected in 1987 and exhibited highly synchronous patterns in growth-increment width. Increments were dated, the widths were measured, and age-related growth declines were removed using standard dendrochronology techniques. The detrended time series were averaged to generate an annually resolved chronology, which continuously spanned 1964-1984. The chronology positively and linearly correlated with August air temperature over the 22-year interval (p < 0.01), indicating that warmer summers were beneficial for growth, perhaps by increasing fish metabolic rate or lake productivity. Given the broad distribution of lake trout within North America, this study suggests that otolith chronologies could be used to examine responses between freshwater ecosystems and environmental variability across a range of temporal and spatial scales. C1 [Black, B. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [von Biela, V. R.; Zimmerman, C. E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Brown, R. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM bryan.black@utexas.edu RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s00300-012-1245-9 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059TZ UT WOS:000312729700012 ER PT J AU Zhu, WJ Zajicek, JL Tillitt, DE Glass, TE AF Zhu, Wanjun Zajicek, James L. Tillitt, Donald E. Glass, Timothy E. TI TanA: a fluorogenic probe for thiaminase activity SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THIAMINOLYTICUS; FLUORESCENCE; PYRIDINIUM; MICELLES; ASSAY; ION AB A fluorogenic thiamine analogue is presented as a fluorescent probe for thiaminase activity. The emission of the fluorophore is quenched by photoinduced electron transfer (PET) to the N-substituted pyridinium portion of the probe. Action of the enzyme releases the free pyridine group causing a substantial increase in fluorescence. C1 [Zhu, Wanjun; Glass, Timothy E.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Zajicek, James L.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Glass, TE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jzajicek@usgs.gov; GlassT@missouri.edu OI Glass, Timothy/0000-0002-5064-3341 FU Ecosystems and Environmental Health Mission Areas of the US Geological Survey; Great Lakes Fisheries Trust FX Support provided to JLZ and DET from the Ecosystems and Environmental Health Mission Areas of the US Geological Survey, with additional funding provided by the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 446 EP 448 DI 10.1039/c2ay26047f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 058TZ UT WOS:000312658600018 ER PT J AU Namgail, T van Wieren, SE Prins, HHT AF Namgail, Tsewang van Wieren, Sipke E. Prins, Herbert H. T. TI Distributional congruence of mammalian herbivores in the Trans-Himalayan Mountains SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mountain ungulates; rodents; lagomorphs; UPGMA; biogeography; Trans-Himalaya ID CROSS-TAXON CONGRUENCE; SPECIES RICHNESS; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; IBERIAN PENINSULA; BLUE SHEEP; CONSERVATION; LADAKH; SIMILARITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Large-scale distribution and diversity patterns of mammalian herbivores, especially less charismatic species in alpine environments remain little understood. We studied distributional congruence of mammalian herbivores in the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh to see if the distributions of less prominent and smaller herbivores can be determined from those of larger and more prominent herbivores like ungulates. Using a similarity index, we assessed shared distributions of species in 20x20 km(2) grid-cells in an area of about 80,000 km(2). We used the Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) to classify mammalian herbivores into groups with similar distributions. We then used the G-test of independence to look for statistical significance of the groups obtained. We identified six groups of mammalian herbivores with distributions more similar than expected at random. The largest group was composed of nine species whereas the other large group comprised six species. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), used to relate the groups with environmental features, showed that the largest group occurred in higher and flatter areas, while the other large group occurred in lower and steeper areas. Large herbivores like ungulates can be used as surrogate for less prominent small herbivores while identifying areas for latter's protection in the inaccessible mountainous regions of the Trans-Himalaya [Current Zoology 59 (1): 116-124, 2013]. C1 [Namgail, Tsewang; van Wieren, Sipke E.; Prins, Herbert H. T.] Wageningen Univ, Resource Ecol Grp, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Namgail, Tsewang] US Geol Survey, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Namgail, T (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Resource Ecol Grp, Droevendaalsesteeg 3A, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. EM namgail@conservation.in FU Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS); Rufford Small Grants Foundation; Wageningen University FX The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), the Rufford Small Grants Foundation and the Wageningen University financially supported the study. Discussions with Raimundo Real and Yoram Yom-Tov helped in preparing the manuscript. We express gratitude to Otto Pfister for sharing his information on the distribution of mammalian herbivores in Ladakh. We thank Charudutt Mishra and Yash Veer Bhatnagar for their support and encouragement. We also thank the Jammu and Kashmir Wildlife Department for granting permission to carry out fieldwork in the protected areas. Field assistance of Karma Sonam, Tsewang Morup, Lobzang and Thinles Dorjey are thankfully acknowledged. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 1 BP 116 EP 124 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 057IM UT WOS:000312556500010 ER PT J AU Stahl, RG Hooper, MJ Balbus, JM Clements, W Fritz, A Gouin, T Helm, R Hickey, C Landis, W Moe, SJ AF Stahl, Ralph G., Jr. Hooper, Michael J. Balbus, John M. Clements, William Fritz, Alyce Gouin, Todd Helm, Roger Hickey, Christopher Landis, Wayne Moe, S. Jannicke TI The influence of global climate change on the scientific foundations and applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Introduction to a SETAC international workshop SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Global climate change; Chemical contaminant; SETAC Workshop; Risk assessment; Interaction ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CHEMICAL-EXPOSURE; CONTAMINANTS; FRAMEWORK; MANAGEMENT; DEPOSITION; INCREASES; TRANSPORT; SCIENCE AB This is the first of seven papers resulting from a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) international workshop titled The Influence of Global Climate Change on the Scientific Foundations and Applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. The workshop involved 36 scientists from 11 countries and was designed to answer the following question: How will global climate change influence the environmental impacts of chemicals and other stressors and the way we assess and manage them in the environment? While more detail is found in the complete series of articles, some key consensus points are as follows: (1) human actions (including mitigation of and adaptation to impacts of global climate change [GCC]) may have as much influence on the fate and distribution of chemical contaminants as does GCC, and modeled predictions should be interpreted cautiously; (2) climate change can affect the toxicity of chemicals, but chemicals can also affect how organisms acclimate to climate change; (3) effects of GCC may be slow, variable, and difficult to detect, though some populations and communities of high vulnerability may exhibit responses sooner and more dramatically than others; (4) future approaches to human and ecological risk assessments will need to incorporate multiple stressors and cumulative risks considering the wide spectrum of potential impacts stemming from GCC; and (5) baseline/reference conditions for estimating resource injury and restoration/rehabilitation will continually shift due to GCC and represent significant challenges to practitioners. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:1319. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Stahl, Ralph G., Jr.] DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. [Hooper, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. [Clements, William] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Balbus, John M.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fritz, Alyce] NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. [Gouin, Todd] Unilever, Sharnbrook, Beds, England. [Helm, Roger] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Hickey, Christopher] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Landis, Wayne] Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Moe, S. Jannicke] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Oslo, Norway. RP Stahl, RG (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. EM Ralph.g.stahl-jr@usa.dupont.com RI Hickey, Christopher/E-9931-2013; OI Moe, Jannicke/0000-0002-3681-3551; Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 74 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1002/etc.2037 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700005 PM 23097130 ER PT J AU Hooper, MJ Ankley, GT Cristol, DA Maryoung, LA Noyes, PD Pinkerton, KE AF Hooper, Michael J. Ankley, Gerald T. Cristol, Daniel A. Maryoung, Lindley A. Noyes, Pamela D. Pinkerton, Kent E. TI Interactions between chemical and climate stressors: A role for mechanistic toxicology in assessing climate change risks SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Adverse outcome pathway; Acclimation; Weather ID BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; FEMALE POLAR BEARS; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; OC EXPOSURE IMPAIR; THYROID-HORMONE AB Incorporation of global climate change (GCC) effects into assessments of chemical risk and injury requires integrated examinations of chemical and nonchemical stressors. Environmental variables altered by GCC (temperature, precipitation, salinity, pH) can influence the toxicokinetics of chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as toxicodynamic interactions between chemicals and target molecules. In addition, GCC challenges processes critical for coping with the external environment (water balance, thermoregulation, nutrition, and the immune, endocrine, and neurological systems), leaving organisms sensitive to even slight perturbations by chemicals when pushed to the limits of their physiological tolerance range. In simplest terms, GCC can make organisms more sensitive to chemical stressors, while alternatively, exposure to chemicals can make organisms more sensitive to GCC stressors. One challenge is to identify potential interactions between nonchemical and chemical stressors affecting key physiological processes in an organism. We employed adverse outcome pathways, constructs depicting linkages between mechanism-based molecular initiating events and impacts on individuals or populations, to assess how chemical- and climate-specific variables interact to lead to adverse outcomes. Case examples are presented for prospective scenarios, hypothesizing potential chemicalGCC interactions, and retrospective scenarios, proposing mechanisms for demonstrated chemicalclimate interactions in natural populations. Understanding GCC interactions along adverse outcome pathways facilitates extrapolation between species or other levels of organization, development of hypotheses and focal areas for further research, and improved inputs for risk and resource injury assessments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:3248. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Hooper, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Cristol, Daniel A.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Inst Integrat Bird Behav Studies, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Maryoung, Lindley A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Noyes, Pamela D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Pinkerton, Kent E.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hooper, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. EM mhooper@usgs.gov OI Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 144 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 11 U2 156 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 32 EP 48 DI 10.1002/etc.2043 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700007 PM 23136056 ER PT J AU Rohr, JR Johnson, P Hickey, CW Helm, RC Fritz, A Brasfield, S AF Rohr, Jason R. Johnson, Philip Hickey, Christopher W. Helm, Roger C. Fritz, Alyce Brasfield, Sandra TI Implications of global climate change for natural resource damage assessment, restoration, and rehabilitation SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Contaminant; Baseline; Hazard assessment; Environmental policy; Tipping point ID ASSISTED COLONIZATION; CONTAMINANTS; IMPACTS; DISEASE; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; DECLINES AB Various international and national regulations hold polluters liable for the cleanup of released hazardous substances and the restoration/rehabilitation of natural resources to preincident baseline conditions, a process often referred to as natural resource damage assessment and restoration (NRDAR). Here, we, the authors, describe how global climate change (GCC) will challenge each of the steps of NRDAR processes and offer eight recommendations to improve these processes in light of GCC. First, we call for a better understanding of the net effects of GCC and contaminants on natural resources. Second, we urge facilities and environmental managers to plan for GCC-related factors that are expected to increase the probability of contaminant releases. Third, we suggest re-evaluating definitions of baseline and reference conditions given that GCC will alter both their trajectories and variability. Fourth, we encourage long-term monitoring to improve the quantification of baseline conditions that will change as climate changes. This will enhance the accuracy of injury assessments, the effectiveness of restoration, and the detection of early warning signs that ecosystems are approaching tipping points. Fifth, in response to or anticipation of GCC, restoration projects may need to be conducted in areas distant from the site of injury or focused on functionally equivalent natural resources; thus, community involvement in NRDAR processes will be increasingly important. Sixth, we promote using NRDAR restoration projects as opportunities to mitigate GCC-related impacts. Seventh, we recommend adaptive management approaches to NRDAR processes and communication of successes and failures widely. Finally, we recommend focusing on managing the stressors that might be exacerbated by GCC, such as pollution and habitat loss, because there is a long history of successfully mitigating these stressors, which can be more easily managed on local scales than climate change. We believe that adoption of these recommendations will lead to a more efficacious NRDAR process, despite the challenges posed by climate change. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:93101. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Rohr, Jason R.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Johnson, Philip] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hickey, Christopher W.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Helm, Roger C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA USA. [Fritz, Alyce] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA USA. [Brasfield, Sandra] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Rohr, JR (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM jasonrohr@gmail.com RI Hickey, Christopher/E-9931-2013 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [NRI 2008-00622 20, 2008-01785]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [STAR R83-3835, CAREER 83518801] FX We thank W. Landis for comments. J. Rohr was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (NRI 2008-00622 20 and 2008-01785) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (STAR R83-3835 and CAREER 83518801). The opinions are those of the authors, who are solely responsible for the content. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1002/etc.2036 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700011 PM 23097077 ER PT J AU Wang, N Ingersoll, CG Kunz, JL Brumbaugh, WG Kane, CM Evans, RB Alexander, S Walker, C Bakaletz, S AF Wang, Ning Ingersoll, Christopher G. Kunz, James L. Brumbaugh, William G. Kane, Cindy M. Evans, R. Brian Alexander, Steven Walker, Craig Bakaletz, Steve TI Toxicity of sediments potentially contaminated by coal mining and natural gas extraction to unionid mussels and commonly tested benthic invertebrates SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Coal; Natural gas; Sediment; Toxicity; Mussel; Amphipod; Midge ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; AMPHIPOD HYALELLA-AZTECA; LOSS-ON-IGNITION; QUALITY GUIDELINES; ORGANIC-CARBON; VILLOSA-IRIS; LIFE STAGES; SENSITIVITY; AMMONIA; RIVER AB Sediment toxicity tests were conducted to assess potential effects of contaminants associated with coal mining or natural gas extraction activities in the upper Tennessee River basin and eastern Cumberland River basin in the United States. Test species included two unionid mussels (rainbow mussel, Villosa iris, and wavy-rayed lampmussel, Lampsilis fasciola, 28-d exposures), and the commonly tested amphipod, Hyalella azteca (28-d exposure) and midge, Chironomus dilutus (10-d exposure). Sediments were collected from seven test sites with mussel communities classified as impacted and in proximity to coal mining or gas extraction activities, and from five reference sites with mussel communities classified as not impacted and no or limited coal mining or gas extraction activities. Additional samples were collected from six test sites potentially with high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and from a test site contaminated by a coal ash spill. Mean survival, length, or biomass of one or more test species was reduced in 10 of 14 test samples (71%) from impacted areas relative to the response of organisms in the five reference samples. A higher proportion of samples was classified as toxic to mussels (63% for rainbow mussels, 50% for wavy-rayed lampmussels) compared with amphipods (38%) or midge (38%). Concentrations of total recoverable metals and total PAHs in sediments did not exceed effects-based probable effect concentrations (PECs). However, the survival, length, or biomasses of the mussels were reduced significantly with increasing PEC quotients for metals and for total PAHs, or with increasing sum equilibrium-partitioning sediment benchmark toxic units for PAHs. The growth of the rainbow mussel also significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of a major anion (chloride) and major cations (calcium and magnesium) in sediment pore water. Results of the present study indicated that (1) the findings from laboratory tests were generally consistent with the field observations of impacts on mussel populations; (2) total recoverable metals, PAHs, or major ions, or all three in sediments might have contributed to the sediment toxicity; (3) the mussels were more sensitive to the contaminants in sediments than the commonly tested amphipod and midge; and (4) a sediment toxicity benchmark of 1.0 based on PECs may not be protective of mussels. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:207221. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Wang, Ning; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kunz, James L.; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Kane, Cindy M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gloucester, VA USA. [Evans, R. Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abingdon, VA USA. [Alexander, Steven] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cookeville, TN USA. [Walker, Craig] Off Surface Min, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Bakaletz, Steve] Natl Pk Serv, Oneida, TN USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 207 EP 221 DI 10.1002/etc.2032 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700024 PM 23071077 ER PT J AU Yahnke, AE Grue, CE Hayes, MP Troiano, AT AF Yahnke, Amy E. Grue, Christian E. Hayes, Marc P. Troiano, Alexandra T. TI Effects of the herbicide imazapyr on juvenile Oregon spotted frogs SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Imazapyr; Amphibian; Surfactant; Rana pretiosa; Agri-Dex ID AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; AQUATIC HERBICIDE; RANA-PRETIOSA; PESTICIDES; TOXICITY; GLYPHOSATE AB Conflict between native amphibians and aquatic weed management in the Pacific Northwest is rarely recognized because most native stillwater-breeding amphibian species move upland during summer, when herbicide application to control weeds in aquatic habitats typically occurs. However, aquatic weed management may pose a risk for aquatic species present in wetlands through the summer, such as the Oregon spotted frog (OSF, Rana pretiosa), a state endangered species in Washington. Acute toxicity of herbicides used to control aquatic weeds tends to be low, but the direct effects of herbicide tank mixes on OSFs have remained unexamined. We exposed juvenile OSFs to tank mixes of the herbicide imazapyr, a surfactant, and a marker dye in a 96-h static-renewal test. The tank mix was chosen because of its low toxicity to fish and its effectiveness in aquatic weed control. Concentrations were those associated with low-volume (3.5?L/ha) and high-volume (7.0?L/ha) applications of imazapyr and a clean-water control. Following exposure, frogs were reared for two months in clean water to identify potential latent effects on growth. Endpoints evaluated included feeding behavior, growth, and body and liver condition indices. We recorded no mortalities and found no significant differences for any end point between the herbicide-exposed and clean-water control frogs. The results suggest that imazapyr use in wetland restoration poses a low risk of direct toxic effects on juvenile OSFs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:228235. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Yahnke, Amy E.; Grue, Christian E.; Troiano, Alexandra T.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hayes, Marc P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Habitat Program, Olympia, WA USA. RP Yahnke, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aey@uw.edu FU Washington State Department of Ecology FX We are grateful for the work of J. M. Grassley, whose invaluable contribution made this research possible. The present study was supported by an Aquatic Weeds Management Fund Grant from the Washington State Department of Ecology. D. Heimer, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, provided the constituents of the tank mix. We thank K. Hamel, D. Heimer, and K. McLain for their reviews of initial drafts. We also thank the Woodland Park Zoo for providing the frogs. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the agencies affiliated with the present research. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1002/etc.2048 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700026 PM 23147474 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Shaw, JC AF Lafferty, Kevin D. Shaw, Jenny C. TI Comparing mechanisms of host manipulation across host and parasite taxa SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE behavior modification; trophic transmission; microhabitat; neuromodulation; immunomodulation; site of infection; activity ID CRAB HEMIGRAPSUS-CRENULATUS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; INTERMEDIATE HOST; PROFILICOLLIS-ANTARCTICUS; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACKS; PHOXINUS-PHOXINUS; FISH BEHAVIOR; RODLET CELLS AB Parasites affect host behavior in several ways. They can alter activity, microhabitats or both. For trophically transmitted parasites (the focus of our study), decreased activity might impair the ability of hosts to respond to final-host predators, and increased activity and altered microhabitat choice might increase contact rates between hosts and final-host predators. In an analysis of trophically transmitted parasites, more parasite groups altered activity than altered microhabitat choice. Parasites that infected vertebrates were more likely to impair the host's reaction to predators, whereas parasites that infected invertebrates were more likely to increase the host's contact with predators. The site of infection might affect how parasites manipulate their hosts. For instance, parasites in the central nervous system seem particularly suited to manipulating host behavior. Manipulative parasites commonly occupy the body cavity, muscles and central nervous systems of their hosts. Acanthocephalans in the data set differed from other taxa in that they occurred exclusively in the body cavity of invertebrates. In addition, they were more likely to alter microhabitat choice than activity. Parasites in the body cavity (across parasite types) were more likely to be associated with increased host contact with predators. Parasites can manipulate the host through energetic drain, but most parasites use more sophisticated means. For instance, parasites target four physiological systems that shape behavior in both invertebrates and vertebrates: neural, endocrine, neuromodulatory and immunomodulatory. The interconnections between these systems make it difficult to isolate specific mechanisms of host behavioral manipulation. C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.; Shaw, Jenny C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 95 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 9 U2 151 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 216 IS 1 SI SI BP 56 EP 66 DI 10.1242/jeb.073668 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 055YO UT WOS:000312454200010 PM 23225868 ER PT J AU Konikow, LF AF Konikow, Leonard F. TI Overestimated water storage SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Konikow, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lkonikow@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 2 EP 2 DI 10.1038/ngeo1659 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 058KQ UT WOS:000312633000002 ER PT J AU Cram, JM Torgersen, CE Klett, RS Pess, GR May, D Pearsons, TN Dittman, AH AF Cram, Jeremy M. Torgersen, Christian E. Klett, Ryan S. Pess, George R. May, Darran Pearsons, Todd N. Dittman, Andrew H. TI Tradeoffs between homing and habitat quality for spawning site selection by hatchery-origin Chinook salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Spawning; Supplementation; Habitat; Homing; Straying ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; WENATCHEE RIVER; SOCKEYE-SALMON; WASHINGTON; STREAM; ABUNDANCE; BASIN; WILD AB Spawning site selection by female salmon is based on complex and poorly understood tradeoffs between the homing instinct and the availability of appropriate habitat for successful reproduction. Previous studies have shown that hatchery-origin Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) released from different acclimation sites return with varying degrees of fidelity to these areas. To investigate the possibility that homing fidelity is associated with aquatic habitat conditions, we quantified physical habitat throughout 165 km in the upper Yakima River basin (Washington, USA) and mapped redd and carcass locations from 2004 to 2008. Principal components analysis identified differences in substrate, cover, stream width, and gradient among reaches surrounding acclimation sites, and canonical correspondence analysis revealed that these differences in habitat characteristics were associated with spatial patterns of spawning (p < 0.01). These analyses indicated that female salmon may forego spawning near their acclimation area if the surrounding habitat is unsuitable. Evaluating the spatial context of acclimation areas in relation to surrounding habitat may provide essential information for effectively managing supplementation programs and prioritizing restoration actions. C1 [Cram, Jeremy M.; Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn,Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pess, George R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [May, Darran] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pearsons, Todd N.] Grant Cty Publ Util Dist, Ephrata, WA 98823 USA. [Dittman, Andrew H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Cram, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn,Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jcram@u.washington.edu FU NOAA Fisheries; USGS Western Region Biological Resource Division State Partnership Program; Water Center at the University of Washington; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, 1844] FX We thank the Yakama Nation for providing logistical support and identifying redds. Additionally, we are grateful to NOAA Fisheries, USGS Western Region Biological Resource Division State Partnership Program, and the Water Center at the University of Washington for providing funding. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution # 1844. Tanya Cram, James Chu, and Ethan Welty were essential volunteers assisting with the habitat surveys. We also thank Hiroo Imaki and Patricia Haggerty for GIS assistance. Thomas Quinn, Julian Olden, Phil Roni, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2013 VL 96 IS 1 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0026-1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 054JL UT WOS:000312339700010 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. Andersen, David E. TI Movements, cover-type selection, and survival of fledgling Ovenbirds in managed deciduous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fledgling; Habitat selection; Survival; Ovenbird; Seiurus aurocapilla; Songbird ID BLACKPOLL WARBLERS PRIOR; HABITAT-USE; POSTFLEDGING PERIOD; WOOD THRUSHES; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; NORTHERN VIRGINIA; AUTUMN MIGRATION; LANDSCAPE; SONGBIRDS; SUCCESS AB We used radio telemetry to monitor movements, cover-type selection, and survival for fledglings of the mature-forest nesting Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) at two managed forest sites in north-central Minnesota. Both sites contained forested wetlands, regenerating clearcut stands of various ages, and logging roads, but differed in mature forest composition; one deciduous with open understory, and the other mixed coniferous-deciduous with dense understory. We used compositional analysis, modified to incorporate age-specific limitations in fledgling movements, to assess cover-type selection by fledglings throughout the dependent (on adult care) post-fledging period. Compared to those that were depredated, fledglings from nests in deciduous forest that survived the early post-fledging period had more older (sapling-dominated) clearcut available, directed movements toward older clearcuts and forested wetlands, and used older clearcuts more than other cover types relative to availability. Fledglings that were depredated had more young (shrub-dominated) clearcut and unpaved logging road available, and used mature forest and roads more than expected based on availability. For birds from nests in mixed mature forest with dense understory, movements and cover-type selection were similar between fledglings that survived and those that were depredated. However, fledglings that were depredated at that site also had more young clearcut available than fledglings that survived. We conclude that Ovenbird fledgling survival is influenced by distance of their nest to various non-nesting cover types, and by the subsequent selection among those cover types, but that the influence of non-nesting cover types varies depending on the availability of dense understory vegetation in mature forest. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Streby, Henry M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM streb006@umn.edu; dea@umn.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey through Research Work Order at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [73]; US Forest Service FX This project was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Geological Survey through Research Work Order No. 73 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, with in-kind support from the US Forest Service. We handled, banded, and attached radio transmitters to birds following IACUC Protocol #0806A35761, approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. We extend our gratitude to D. Johnson, J. Manolis, F. Cuthbert, J. Refsnider, and X anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript, S. Peterson, T. McAllister, J. Refsnider, A. Monroe, E. Michel, D. Dessecker, A. Edmond, J. Hammers, K. Icknayan, and B. Papa for assistance with field data collection, A. Williamson and G. Alle for logistical support, M. Nelson for GIS assistance, and J. Heineman for aerial telemetry piloting excellence. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 287 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.046 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 054OK UT WOS:000312352900002 ER PT J AU Kane, VR Lutz, JA Roberts, SL Smith, DF McGaughey, RJ Povak, NA Brooks, ML AF Kane, Van R. Lutz, James A. Roberts, Susan L. Smith, Douglas F. McGaughey, Robert J. Povak, Nicholas A. Brooks, Matthew L. TI Landscape-scale effects of fire severity on mixed-conifer and red fir forest structure in Yosemite National Park SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire severity; Forest structure; Relativized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR); LiDAR; Gaps; Yosemite ID NEVADA WILDERNESS AREAS; AIRBORNE SCANNING LASER; CANOPY FUEL PARAMETERS; SIERRA-NEVADA; LIDAR DATA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RADIATION BALANCE; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; WILDLAND FIRES; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB While fire shapes the structure of forests and acts as a keystone process, the details of how fire modifies forest structure have been difficult to evaluate because of the complexity of interactions between fires and forests. We studied this relationship across 69.2 km(2) of Yosemite National Park, USA, that was subject to 32 fires >= 40 ha between 1984 and 2010. Forests types included ponderosa pine (Pious ponderosa), white fir-sugar pine (Abies concolor/Pinus lambertiana), and red fir (Abies magnifica). We estimated and stratified burned area by fire severity using the Landsat-derived Relativized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR). Airborne LiDAR data, acquired in July 2010, measured the vertical and horizontal structure of canopy material and landscape patterning of canopy patches and gaps. Increasing fire severity changed structure at the scale of fire severity patches, the arrangement of canopy patches and gaps within fire severity patches, and vertically within tree clumps. Each forest type showed an individual trajectory of structural change with increasing fire severity. As a result, the relationship between estimates of fire severity such as RdNBR and actual changes appears to vary among forest types. We found three arrangements of canopy patches and gaps associated with different fire severities: canopy-gap arrangements in which gaps were enclosed in otherwise continuous canopy (typically unburned and low fire severities); patch-gap arrangements in which tree clumps and gaps alternated and neither dominated (typically moderate fire severity); and open-patch arrangements in which trees were scattered across open areas (typically high fire severity). Compared to stands outside fire perimeters, increasing fire severity generally resulted first in loss of canopy cover in lower height strata and increased number and size of gaps, then in loss of canopy cover in higher height strata, and eventually the transition to open areas with few or no trees. However, the estimated fire severities at which these transitions occurred differed for each forest type. Our work suggests that low severity fire in red fir forests and moderate severity fire in ponderosa pine and white fir-sugar pine forests would restore vertical and horizontal canopy structures believed to have been common prior to the start of widespread fire suppression in the early 1900s. The fusion of LiDAR and Landsat data identified post-fire structural conditions that would not be identified by Landsat alone, suggesting a broad applicability of combining Landsat and LiDAR data for landscape-scale structural analysis for fire management. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kane, Van R.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lutz, James A.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Roberts, Susan L.; Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Smith, Douglas F.] Yosemite Natl Park, Yosemite, CA 95389 USA. [McGaughey, Robert J.] Univ Washington, USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Povak, Nicholas A.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Kane, VR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM vkane@uw.edu RI Lutz, James/B-3785-2012 FU National Park Service, Fire and Aviation Management Branch, Fuels and Ecology Program [F8803100015]; U.S. Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program FX C.A. Cansler (University of Washington), M. North (US Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station), N. Stephenson (US Geological Survey), J.W. van Wagtendonk (US Geological Survey, Retired) and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that improved the paper. We thank Yosemite National Park for data and assistance with field logistics. Funding was provided by the National Park Service, Fire and Aviation Management Branch, Fuels and Ecology Program (Interagency Agreement F8803100015) and the U.S. Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 90 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 84 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 287 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 054OK UT WOS:000312352900003 ER PT J AU Concilio, AL Loik, ME Belnap, J AF Concilio, Amy L. Loik, Michael E. Belnap, Jayne TI Global change effects on Bromus tectorum L. (Poaceae) at its high-elevation range margin SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid; cheatgrass; Great Basin Desert; invasive species; nitrogen deposition; rainfall frequency; sagebrush steppe; snow to rain shifts; snowpack; stress-gradient hypothesis ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOLOGICAL INVADERS; PLANT INVASIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; PULSES; USA; FIRE; PRECIPITATION; AVAILABILITY; CALIFORNIA AB Global change is likely to affect invasive species distribution, especially at range margins. In the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, USA, the invasive annual grass, Bromus tectorum, is patchily distributed and its impacts have been minimal compared with other areas of the Intermountain West. We used a series of in situ field manipulations to determine how B. tectorum might respond to changing climatic conditions and increased nitrogen deposition at the high-elevation edge of its invaded range. Over 3 years, we used snow fences to simulate changes in snowpack, irrigation to simulate increased frequency and magnitude of springtime precipitation, and added nitrogen (N) at three levels (0, 5, and 10 g m(-2)) to natural patches of B. tectorum growing under the two dominant shrubs, Artemisia tridentata and Purshia tridentata, and in intershrub spaces (INTR). We found that B. tectorum seedling density in April was lower following deeper snowpack possibly due to delayed emergence, yet there was no change in spikelet production or biomass accumulation at the time of harvest. Additional spring rain events increased B. tectorum biomass and spikelet production in INTR plots only. Plants were primarily limited by water in 2009, but colimited by N and water in 2011, possibly due to differences in antecedent moisture conditions at the time of treatments. The threshold at which N had an effect varied with magnitude of water additions. Frequency of rain events was more influential than magnitude in driving B. tectorum growth and fecundity responses. Our results suggest that predicted shifts from snow to rain could facilitate expansion of B. tectorum at high elevation depending on timing of rain events and level of N deposition. We found evidence for P-limitation at this site and an increase in P-availability with N additions, suggesting that stoichiometric relationships may also influence B. tectorum spread. C1 [Concilio, Amy L.; Loik, Michael E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Concilio, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM amyconcilio@gmail.com FU US Environmental Protection Agency [FP-91684001-0]; Valentine Eastern Sierra Reserve; Mildred E. Mathias Graduate Student Research Grant; STEPS Institute for Innovation in Environmental Research; UCSC Department of Environmental Studies FX We thank Daniel Dawson, Kim Rose, and the rest of the staff at the Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Laboratory for logistical support and the use of climate data. Pamela Padgett generously donated air quality data and helped with its interpretation. Holly Alpert, Erin Fitts, Kathy Hilimire, Adam Greenfield, Michael Kanning, Lucy Lynn, Jack Rusk, and Catherine Wade helped with field data collection and snow fence maintenance. Laboratory analysis was made possible with support from the Cheng and Holl labs at UCSC, and undergraduate research assistance from Erica Curles, Coral Ericson, and James Hansen. This study was developed under a STAR Research Assistance Agreement No. FP-91684001-0 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Additional funding was provided by the Valentine Eastern Sierra Reserve, the Mildred E. Mathias Graduate Student Research Grant, the STEPS Institute for Innovation in Environmental Research, and the UCSC Department of Environmental Studies. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 149 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 19 IS 1 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1111/gcb.12032 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051VE UT WOS:000312155100013 PM 23504728 ER PT J AU Li, MJ Zhong, NN Shi, SB Zhu, L Tang, YJ AF Li, Meijun Zhong, Ningning Shi, Shengbao Zhu, Lei Tang, Youjun TI The origin of trimethyldibenzothiophenes and their application as maturity indicators in sediments from the Liaohe Basin, East China SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Trimethyldibenzothiophene; Trimethylbiphenyl; Maturity indicator; Sedimentary organic matter; Thermodynamic stability ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOURCE ROCKS; CRUDE OILS; ALKYLATED DIBENZOTHIOPHENES; RETENTION INDEXES; FILLING PATHWAY; ORGANIC-MATTER; PETROLEUM; ALKYLDIBENZOTHIOPHENES; BENZONAPHTHOTHIOPHENES AB The distributions of trimethyldibenzothiophenes (TMDBTs), the relationship between TMDBTs and trimethylbiphenyls (TMBPs) and the application of TMDBTs as maturity indicators have been investigated in a set of lacustrine shales from the Eocene Shahejie Formation in the Liaohe Basin, East China. The 3,5,3'-, 3,5,4'- and 3,4,4'-TMBP isomers can react to yield (2,4,6- + 2,4,8)-TMDBT, 2,4,7-TMDBT, and (3,4,7 + 2,3,7)-TMDBT by incorporating a sulfur atom into biphenyl, respectively. The absolute concentrations of (2,4,6 + 2,4,7 + 2,4,8)-TMDBT increase with those of (3,5,3' + 3,5,4')-TMBP. Similarly, the absolute concentrations of (3,4,7- + 2,3,7)-TMDBT show a similar increase with those of 3,4,4'-TMBP. The good straight line relationships (R-2 = 0.96) indicate the product-precursor links between TMDBTs and TMBPs in the sediments. On the basis of the possible differences in the thermodynamic stability among TMDBT isomers, a new maturity indicator 2,4,6-/(2,4,7 + 2,4,8)-TMDBT ratio is proposed in this study. This ratio has a good correlation with 4-/1-methyldibenzothiophen ratio (MDR) and T-max (degrees C), respectively, indicating similar behavior with increasing maturity. Both of the 2,4,6-/(2,4,7 + 2,4,8)-TMDBT ratio and MDR exhibit similar maturation trends. They gradually decrease with increasing maturity at the low maturity stages, and then are followed by a regular increase with the increasing maturity. Therefore, this ratio is an effective maturity indicator for source rocks and an oils maturity assessment (R-o > approximate to 0.55%), and it must be applied with caution as a maturity indicator for extracts of immature sediments. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Meijun; Zhong, Ningning; Shi, Shengbao; Zhu, Lei] China Univ Petr, Coll Geosci, State Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China. [Tang, Youjun] Yangtze Univ, Key Lab Explorat Technol Oil & Gas Resources, Minist Educ, Coll Geochem, Jinzhou 434023, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Li, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Energy & Resources Sci Res Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM meijunli2008@hotmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40972089]; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting [PRPDX-200801] FX The work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40972089) and the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting (PRPDX-200801). The authors are grateful for the assistance of Dan Zhu, Fulin Yang, Liwen Zhang and Quan Shi in the GC-MS analyses. This paper benefits greatly from the discussion with Prof. Bernd R.T. Simoneit of the Oregon State University and Dr. Geoffrey S. Ellis of U.S. Geological Survey. The author Meijun Li is highly indebted to Dr. Geoffrey S. Ellis for his assistance during Meijun Li's stay as a visiting scholar at the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and constructive suggestions which significantly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 2013 VL 103 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.09.027 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 048SF UT WOS:000311932200040 ER PT J AU Chabaux, F Blaes, E Stille, P Roupert, RD Pelt, E Dosseto, A Ma, L Buss, HL Brantley, SL AF Chabaux, F. Blaes, E. Stille, P. Roupert, R. di Chiara Pelt, E. Dosseto, A. Ma, L. Buss, H. L. Brantley, S. L. TI Regolith formation rate from U-series nuclides: Implications from the study of a spheroidal weathering profile in the Rio Icacos watershed (Puerto Rico) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID BOUND-CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; SITU-PRODUCED BE-10; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; U-238-U-234-TH-230 DISEQUILIBRIA; LATERITIC TOPOSEQUENCE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; REE FRACTIONATION; PHYSICAL EROSION; EASTERN FRANCE AB A 2 m-thick spheroidal weathering profile, developed on a quartz diorite in the Rio Icacos watershed (Luquillo Mountains, eastern Puerto Rico), was analyzed for major and trace element concentrations, Sr and Nd isotopic ratios and U-series nuclides (U-238-U-234-Th-230-Ra-226). In this profile a 40 cm thick soil horizon is overlying a 150 cm thick saprolite which is separated from the basal corestone by a similar to 40 cm thick rindlet zone. The Sr and Nd isotopic variations along the whole profile imply that, in addition to geochemical fractionations associated to water-rock interactions, the geochemical budget of the profile is influenced by a significant accretion of atmospheric dusts. The mineralogical and geochemical variations along the profile also confirm that the weathering front does not progress continuously from the top to the base of the profile. The upper part of the profile is probably associated with a different weathering system (lateral weathering of upper corestones) than the lower part, which consists of the basal corestone, the associated rindlet system and the saprolite in contact with these rindlets. Consequently, the determination of weathering rates from U-238-U-234-Th-230-Ra-226 disequilibrium in a series of samples collected along a vertical depth profile can only be attempted for samples collected in the lower part of the profile, i.e. the rindlet zone and the lower saprolite. Similar propagation rates were derived for the rindlet system and the saprolite by using classical models involving loss and gain processes for all nuclides to interpret the variation of U-series nuclides in the rindlet-saprolite subsystem. The consistency of these weathering rates with average weathering and erosion rates derived via other methods for the whole watershed provides a new and independent argument that, in the Rio Icacos watershed, the weathering system has reached a geomorphologic steady-state. Our study also indicates that even in environments with differential weathering, such as observed for the Puerto Rico site, the radioactive disequilibrium between the nuclides of a single radioactive series (here U-238-U-234-Th-230-Ra-226) can still be interpreted in terms of a simplified scenario of congruent weathering. Incidentally, the U-Th-Ra disequilibrium in the corestone samples confirms that the outermost part of the corestone is already weathered. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chabaux, F.; Blaes, E.; Stille, P.; Roupert, R. di Chiara; Pelt, E.] Univ Strasbourg, Lab Hydrol & Geochim Strasbourg LHyGES, EOST, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Chabaux, F.; Blaes, E.; Stille, P.; Roupert, R. di Chiara; Pelt, E.] CNRS, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Dosseto, A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Ma, L.; Brantley, S. L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ma, L.; Brantley, S. L.] Penn State Univ, Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Buss, H. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chabaux, F (reprint author), Univ Strasbourg, Lab Hydrol & Geochim Strasbourg LHyGES, EOST, 1 Rue Blessig, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. EM fchabaux@unistra.fr RI Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013; OI Dosseto, Anthony/0000-0002-3575-0106 FU Region Alsace and the CNRS (BDI), France; Region Alsace, France; CPER; DOE [DE-FG02-05ER15675]; USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) project; USGS National Research Program; Australia Research Council Future Fellowship [FT0990447]; SoilTrec European Program; NSF [EAR 0722476] FX A. White and R. Fletcher are thanked for their help during sampling campaigns and their discussion on weathering processes and spheroidal weathering. Th. Perrone is warmly acknowledged for some Sr and the Nd isotopic measurements on the Neptune and the Triton (Strasbourg) and Rene Boutin for the analyses of the major and trace element concentrations. We thank very much the associate Editor S. Krishnaswami and three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which helped to improve the manuscript. Discussions on the Puerto Rico data with J. Honnorez, M. Granet, D. Lemarchand, S. Rihs, and MC Pierret were also very helpful. This work has been supported by the funding of a Ph.D. scholarship from the Region Alsace and the CNRS (BDI), France, to E. Blaes, and was funded by the Region Alsace, France, and the CPER 2003-2013 "REALISE". SLB acknowledges support in part from DOE Grant DE-FG02-05ER15675, as well as some logistical support contributed by the NSF-supported Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory (EAR 0722476). H. L. B. acknowledges support of the USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) project and the USGS National Research Program. A. D. acknowledges an Australia Research Council Future Fellowship (FT0990447). The work has been also supported by the SoilTrec European Program. This is an EOST-LHyGeS contribution. NR 76 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 100 BP 73 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.09.037 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 051CM UT WOS:000312102100006 ER PT J AU Coletti, A Howe, PD Yarnal, B Wood, NJ AF Coletti, Alex Howe, Peter D. Yarnal, Brent Wood, Nathan J. TI A support system for assessing local vulnerability to weather and climate SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Vulnerability assessment; Online support system; Vulnerability scoping diagram; Risk and vulnerability perceptions; Stakeholder participation AB The changing number and nature of weather- and climate-related natural hazards is causing more communities to need to assess their vulnerabilities. Vulnerability assessments, however, often require considerable expertise and resources that are not available or too expensive for many communities. To meet the need for an easy-to-use, cost-effective vulnerability assessment tool for communities, a prototype online vulnerability assessment support system was built and tested. This prototype tool guides users through a stakeholder-based vulnerability assessment that breaks the process into four easy-to-implement steps. Data sources are integrated in the online environment so that perceived risks-defined and prioritized qualitatively by users-can be compared and discussed against the impacts that past events have had on the community. The support system is limited in scope, and the locations of the case studies do not provide a sufficiently broad range of sample cases. The addition of more publically available hazard databases combined with future improvements in the support system architecture and software will expand opportunities for testing and fully implementing the support system. C1 [Coletti, Alex] SM Resources Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Howe, Peter D.; Yarnal, Brent] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Coletti, A (reprint author), SM Resources Corp, Lanham, MD USA. EM acoletti@smrcusa.com; pdh143@psu.edu; alibar@psu.edu; nwood@usgs.gov OI Coletti, Alex/0000-0002-6263-1831; Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 FU National Oceanographic Atmospheric Administration, Climate Program Office [NA09OAR4310144] FX This work was developed under National Oceanographic Atmospheric Administration, Climate Program Office, grant NA09OAR4310144. The lead author is particularly grateful to Michael Brewer, Art DeGaetano, and Chad McNutt for their encouragement and helpful discussions. Discussions with Harold Brooks at the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and with personnel at the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, were particularly important for correctly framing the role of severe natural hazards and climate variation on the local scales into the VASS. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2013 VL 65 IS 1 BP 999 EP 1008 DI 10.1007/s11069-012-0366-3 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 050XC UT WOS:000312087100055 ER PT B AU Gesch, DB AF Gesch, Dean B. BE Yang, X Li, J TI Global digital elevation model development from satellite remote-sensing data SO ADVANCES IN MAPPING FROM REMOTE SENSOR IMAGERY: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RADAR TOPOGRAPHY MISSION; VEGETATION CANOPY HEIGHT; SRTM C-BAND; ASTER-GDEM; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; DEM GENERATION; ALTIMETER DATA; LASER DATA; VALIDATION; ERROR C1 Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, USGS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gesch, DB (reprint author), Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, USGS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 118 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-7459-2; 978-1-4398-7458-5 PY 2013 BP 91 EP 117 PG 27 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC2TN UT WOS:000351308500005 ER PT B AU Lu, Z Jung, HS Zhang, L Lee, W Lee, CW Dzurisin, D AF Lu, Zhong Jung, Hyung-Sup Zhang, Lei Lee, Wonjin Lee, Chang-Wook Dzurisin, Daniel BE Yang, X Li, J TI Digital elevation model generation from satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar SO ADVANCES IN MAPPING FROM REMOTE SENSOR IMAGERY: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE DEFORMATION; OKMOK VOLCANO; INSAR; ALASKA; AREAS; MAPS C1 [Lu, Zhong] USGS, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Jung, Hyung-Sup; Lee, Wonjin; Lee, Chang-Wook] Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul, South Korea. [Zhang, Lei] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Dzurisin, Daniel] US Geol Survey, CVO, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), USGS, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-7459-2; 978-1-4398-7458-5 PY 2013 BP 119 EP 144 PG 26 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC2TN UT WOS:000351308500006 ER PT B AU Xian, G Homer, C AF Xian, George Homer, Collin BE Yang, X Li, J TI Assessment of urbanization patterns and trends in the Gulf of Mexico region of the southeast United States with Landsat and nighttime lights imagery SO ADVANCES IN MAPPING FROM REMOTE SENSOR IMAGERY: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; THERMAL-CHARACTERISTICS; URBAN-DEVELOPMENT; LAS-VEGAS; TAMPA-BAY; COVER; SURFACES; AREAS; IMPACT C1 [Xian, George] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. [Homer, Collin] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Land Characterizat & Trends Team, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Homer, Collin] Fed Agcy Multiresolut Land Characterist Consortiu, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-7459-2; 978-1-4398-7458-5 PY 2013 BP 185 EP 202 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC2TN UT WOS:000351308500009 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Water Quality SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 1 EP 29 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700001 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Contaminant Behavior in the Environment Basic Principles SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 31 EP 62 PG 32 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700002 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Major Water Quality Parameters and Applications SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 63 EP 131 PG 69 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700003 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Nutrients and Odors Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 133 EP 180 PG 48 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700004 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Behavior of Metal Species in the Natural Environment SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 181 EP 222 PG 42 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700005 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Soil, Groundwater, and Subsurface Contamination SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHEMICALS; SAR C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 223 EP 292 PG 70 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700006 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI General Properties of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids and the Behavior of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquids in the Subsurface SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSIC TECHNIQUES; VOLUME C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 293 EP 334 PG 42 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700007 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Behavior of Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids in the Subsurface SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 335 EP 358 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700008 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Biodegradation and Bioremediation of LNAPLs and DNAPLs SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 359 EP 382 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700009 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Behavior of Radionuclides in the Water and Soil Environment SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 383 EP 440 PG 58 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700010 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Selected Topics in Environmental Chemistry SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WASTE-WATER; SOIL; VIRUSES; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; SURVIVAL; COLUMNS C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 441 EP 474 PG 34 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700011 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Appendix A A Selective Dictionary of Water Quality Parameters and Pollutants SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 475 EP 532 PG 58 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700012 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Appendix B Solubility of Slightly Soluble Metal Salts SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 533 EP 554 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700013 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Appendix C Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 555 EP 562 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700014 ER PT B AU Weiner, ER AF Weiner, Eugene R. BA Weiner, ER BF Weiner, ER TI Answers to Selected Chapter Exercises SO APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiner, Eugene R.] Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Weiner, Eugene R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Weiner, ER (reprint author), Univ Denver, Chem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5333-7; 978-1-4398-5332-0 PY 2013 BP 563 EP 575 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FO UT WOS:000362988700015 ER PT S AU Avens, L Snover, ML AF Avens, Larisa Snover, Melissa L. BE Wyneken, J Lohmann, KJ Musick, JA TI Age and Age Estimation in Sea Turtles SO Biology of Sea Turtles, Vol III SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASPARTIC-ACID RACEMIZATION; LOGGERHEAD CARETTA-CARETTA; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LONG-LIVED BIRDS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BOMB RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGIES; RIDLEY LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPII; ROCKFISH SEBASTES-PINNIGER; LENGTH-FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS C1 [Avens, Larisa] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Snover, Melissa L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Avens, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 254 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-7308-3; 978-1-4398-7307-6 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2013 BP 97 EP 133 D2 10.1201/b13895 PG 37 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LE UT WOS:000353356900006 ER PT J AU Pelto, M Kavanaugh, J McNeil, C AF Pelto, M. Kavanaugh, J. McNeil, C. TI Juneau Icefield Mass Balance Program 1946-2011 SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID LEMON-CREEK GLACIER; TAKU GLACIER; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; USA; TERMINUS AB The annual surface mass balance records of the Lemon Creek Glacier and Taku Glacier observed by the Juneau Icefield Research Program are the longest continuous glacier annual mass balance data sets in North America. Annual surface mass balance (B-a) measured on Taku Glacier averaged +0.40 ma(-1) from 1946-1985, and -0.08 m a(-1) from 1986-2011. The recent annual mass balance decline has resulted in the cessation of the long-term thickening of the glacier. Mean B-a on Lemon Creek Glacier has declined from -0.30 m a(-1) for the 1953-1985 period to -0.60 m a(-1) during the 1986-2011 period. The cumulative change in annual surface mass balance is -26.6m water equivalent, a 29 m of ice thinning over the 55 yr. Snow-pit measurements spanning the accumulation zone, and probing transects above the transient snow line (TSL) on Taku Glacier, indicate a consistent surface mass balance gradient from year to year. Observations of the rate of TSL rise on Lemon Creek Glacier and Taku Glacier indicate a comparatively consistent migration rate of 3.8 to 4.1 m d(-1). The relationship between TSL on Lemon Creek Glacier and Taku Glacier to other Juneau Icefield glaciers (Norris, Mendenhall, Herbert, and Eagle) is strong, with correlations exceeding 0.82 in all cases. doi: 10.5065/D6NZ85N3 C1 [Pelto, M.] Nichols Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Dudley, MA 01571 USA. [Kavanaugh, J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G, Canada. [McNeil, C.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Pelto, M (reprint author), Nichols Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Dudley, MA 01571 USA. EM mspelto@nichols.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 319 EP 330 DI 10.5194/essd-5-319-2013 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MQ UT WOS:000209415500009 ER PT J AU Hugelius, G Bockheim, JG Camill, P Elberling, B Grosse, G Harden, JW Johnson, K Jorgenson, T Koven, CD Kuhry, P Michaelson, G Mishra, U Palmtag, J Ping, CL O'Donnell, J Schirrmeister, L Schuur, EAG Sheng, Y Smith, LC Strauss, J Yu, Z AF Hugelius, G. Bockheim, J. G. Camill, P. Elberling, B. Grosse, G. Harden, J. W. Johnson, K. Jorgenson, T. Koven, C. D. Kuhry, P. Michaelson, G. Mishra, U. Palmtag, J. Ping, C. -L. O'Donnell, J. Schirrmeister, L. Schuur, E. A. G. Sheng, Y. Smith, L. C. Strauss, J. Yu, Z. TI A new data set for estimating organic carbon storage to 3m depth in soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIBERIAN PEATLANDS; ALASKA; CYCLE; VULNERABILITY; SENSITIVITY; BUDGET AB High-latitude terrestrial ecosystems are key components in the global carbon cycle. The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD) was developed to quantify stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the northern circumpolar permafrost region (a total area of 18.7 x 10(6) km(2)). The NCSCD is a geographical information system (GIS) data set that has been constructed using harmonized regional soil classification maps together with pedon data from the northern permafrost region. Previously, the NCSCD has been used to calculate SOC storage to the reference depths 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm (based on 1778 pedons). It has been shown that soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region also contain significant quantities of SOC in the 100-300 cm depth range, but there has been no circumpolar compilation of pedon data to quantify this deeper SOC pool and there are no spatially distributed estimates of SOC storage below 100 cm depth in this region. Here we describe the synthesis of an updated pedon data set for SOC storage (kg C m(-2)) in deep soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost regions, with separate data sets for the 100-200 cm (524 pedons) and 200300 cm (356 pedons) depth ranges. These pedons have been grouped into the North American and Eurasian sectors and the mean SOC storage for different soil taxa (subdivided into Gelisols including the sub-orders Histels, Turbels, Orthels, permafrost-free Histosols, and permafrost-free mineral soil orders) has been added to the updated NCSCDv2. The updated version of the data set is freely available on-line in different file formats and spatial resolutions that enable spatially explicit applications in GIS mapping and terrestrial ecosystem models. While this newly compiled data set adds to our knowledge of SOC in the 100-300 cm depth range, it also reveals that large uncertainties remain. Identified data gaps include spatial coverage of deep (> 100 cm) pedons in many regions as well as the spatial extent of areas with thin soils overlying bedrock and the quantity and distribution of massive ground ice. An open access data-portal for the pedon data set and the GIS-data sets is available online at http://bolin.su.se/data/ncscd/. The NCSCDv2 data set has a digital object identifier (doi: 10.5879/ECDS/00000002). C1 [Hugelius, G.; Kuhry, P.; Palmtag, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bockheim, J. G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Earth & Oceanog Sci Dept, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Environm Studies Program, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Elberling, B.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, CENPERM Ctr Permafrost, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Elberling, B.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, UNIS, Longyearbyen, Norway. [Grosse, G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Johnson, K.] US Forest Serv, Newtown Sq, PA 29008 USA. [Jorgenson, T.] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Koven, C. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Michaelson, G.; Ping, C. -L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Mishra, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [O'Donnell, J.] Arctic Network, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Schirrmeister, L.; Strauss, J.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marin, Alfred Wegener Inst, Periglacial Res Unit, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Schuur, E. A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Sheng, Y.; Smith, L. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Yu, Z.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Hugelius, G (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM gustaf.hugelius@natgeo.su.se RI Schirrmeister, Lutz/O-5584-2015; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Strauss, Jens/0000-0003-4678-4982; Schirrmeister, Lutz/0000-0001-9455-0596; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.5194/essd-5-393-2013 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MQ UT WOS:000209415500015 ER PT S AU Griffin, DW Naumova, EN McEntee, JC Castronovo, D Durant, JL Lyles, MB Faruque, FS Lary, DJ AF Griffin, D. W. Naumova, E. N. McEntee, J. C. Castronovo, D. Durant, J. L. Lyles, M. B. Faruque, F. S. Lary, D. J. BE Morain, SA Budge, AM TI Air quality and human health SO ENVIRONMENTAL TRACKING FOR PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SE International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-WAR SYNDROME; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; RESOLUTION-IMAGING-SPECTRORADIOMETER; ASH CLOUD DETECTION; DUST STORM EVENTS; MATTER COMPONENT CONCENTRATIONS; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM; ULTRAFINE PARTICLE DEPOSITION; REMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS AB This chapter addresses how atmospheric constituents and events impact human health, and how environmental monitoring has aided our understanding of them. The principal focus is on planetary processes ( volcanoes and desert dust storms); a secondary theme addresses surface emissions originating from anthropogenic sources. C1 [Griffin, D. W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Naumova, E. N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02155 USA. [McEntee, J. C.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Castronovo, D.] Mapping Sustainabil LLC, Walpole, MA USA. [Durant, J. L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Lyles, M. B.] US Naval War Coll, Med Sci & Biotechnol, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Faruque, F. S.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Lary, D. J.] Univ Texas Richardson, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Div, 2639 North Monroe St, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. EM dgriffin@usgs.gov; elena.naumova@tufts.edu; jesse.mcentee@gmail.com; denise@mappingsustainability.com; john.durant@tufts.edu; mark.lyles@usnwc.edu; FFaruque@umc.edu; djl101000@utdallas.edu NR 383 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3348 BN 978-0-203-09327-6; 978-0-415-58471-5 J9 ISPRS BOOK SER PY 2013 VL 11 BP 129 EP 185 PG 57 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Remote Sensing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Remote Sensing GA BC2MZ UT WOS:000351090700006 ER PT S AU Morain, SA Kumar, S Stohlgren, TJ Selinus, O Steinnes, E Rosenberg, M Lo, M AF Morain, S. A. Kumar, S. Stohlgren, T. J. Selinus, O. Steinnes, E. Rosenberg, M. Lo, M. BE Morain, SA Budge, AM TI Environmental modelling for health SO ENVIRONMENTAL TRACKING FOR PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SE International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; BIOCLIMATE ENVELOPE MODELS; SAMPLE SELECTION BIAS; PSEUDO-ABSENCE DATA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; NICHE-BASED MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL-NICHE AB This chapter highlights types of models and modelling strategies with a focus on environment and human health applications that link environmental triggers and subsequent disease exposures and risks. It reviews bio-geophysical modelling applications generally employed by environmental and health scientists, and by policy and decision making authorities. C1 [Morain, S. A.] Univ New Mexico, Earth Data Anal Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kumar, S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stohlgren, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Selinus, O.] Geol Survey Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden. [Steinnes, E.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Rosenberg, M.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Lo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Nav & Miss Design Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Morain, SA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Earth Data Anal Ctr, MSC01-1110, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM smorain@edac.unm.edu; Sunil.Kumar@colostate.edu; stohlgrent@usgs.gov; olle.selinus@gmail.com; eiliv.steinnes@chem.ntnu.no; mark.rosenberg@queensu.ca; martin.lo@jpl.nasa.gov NR 230 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3348 BN 978-0-203-09327-6; 978-0-415-58471-5 J9 ISPRS BOOK SER PY 2013 VL 11 BP 293 EP 332 PG 40 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Remote Sensing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Remote Sensing GA BC2MZ UT WOS:000351090700009 ER PT S AU Delamere, A Bergstrom, J Chapel, J Fennema, A Kirk, R McEwen, A Mattson, S AF Delamere, Alan Bergstrom, Jim Chapel, Jim Fennema, Audrie Kirk, Randolph McEwen, Alfred Mattson, Sarah BE Hardaway, LR TI FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT OF SPACECRAFT POINTING USING THE HIRISE CAMERA SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2013 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 01-06, 2013 CL Rocky Mt Sect, Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc HO Rocky Mt Sect AB The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) carries a unique instrument capable of determinating small spacecraft disturbances in the micro-radian range. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera has been returning quality images since MRO entered its primary Science phase in November 2006. HiRISE data demonstrates that spacecraft motions are smaller than required in high stability mode, so even higher-resolution imaging would not be limited by pointing jitter. Lower-frequency disturbances introduce geometric distortions, but the overlapping HiRISE detectors enable measuring and removing this jitter. C1 [Delamere, Alan] Delamere Space Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Bergstrom, Jim] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Chapel, Jim] Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. [Fennema, Audrie; McEwen, Alfred; Mattson, Sarah] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kirk, Randolph] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Delamere, A (reprint author), Delamere Space Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-601-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 149 BP 815 EP 828 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE9HH UT WOS:000377554800054 ER PT J AU Garner, AB Kwak, TJ Manuel, KL Barwick, DH AF Garner, A. Brad Kwak, Thomas J. Manuel, Kenneth L. Barwick, D. Hugh TI High-density grass carp stocking effects on a reservoir invasive plant and water quality SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biological control; Ctenopharyngodon idella exclosure; Myriophyllum aquaticum; parrot-feather AB Stocking grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes)] is a commonly applied technique to control nuisance aquatic vegetation in reservoirs. Factors that influence the degree of aquatic vegetation control are fish stocking density, regional climate, abundance and species composition of the aquatic plant community, and relative grass carp feeding preferences for plant species. We evaluated high-density grass carp stocking in a southeastern U.S. reservoir for control of parrot-feather [Myriophyllum. aquaticum (Vell) Verdc.], an invasive aquatic plant that is not preferentially consumed by grass carp and the associated effects on water quality. Lookout Shoals Lake, a 528-ha piedmont North Carolina reservoir, was stocked with triploid grass carp at a density of 100 fish per vegetated hectare. Parrot-feather biomass in the lake was significantly reduced three months after grass carp stocking, compared to biomass in in-situ exclosures. During the second year after grass carp stocking, parrot-feather biomass in the lake compared to biomass in in-situ exclosures indicated continued control, but unexplained lack of growth within most experimental exclosures precluded biomass analyses. Increases in ambient water chlorophyll a, reactive phosphorus, and nitrate-nitrite concentrations were measured after grass carp stocking. The biological significance of observed changes in water chemistry and long-term effects on lake biota remain undetermined. Our results demonstrate that intensive grass carp stocking can control an invasive aquatic plant that is not preferentially consumed by grass carp and reveal associated changes in water quality. C1 [Garner, A. Brad] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Manuel, Kenneth L.] Duke Energy Carolinas Hydro Licensing & Lake Serv, Humersville, NC 28078 USA. [Barwick, D. Hugh] Duke Energy C:arolinas Hydro Licensing, Charlotte, NC 28201 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, US Geol Survey, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu FU Duke Energy; Duke Energy Foundation; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; North Carolina State University; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Bob Doby, Tommy Bowen, Kim Baker, David Coughlan, Chuck Brawley, Bryan Kalb, John Shaw. Jason Harkey, and Shawn Caulfield of Duke Energy; David Yow, Kin Hodges, Kevin Hining anti David Deaton of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; and Scott Favrot and Dan Weaver of North Carolina State University for field assistance. Larry McCord, Jim Tuten, John Morrison, Scott Nelson, and John Inabinet of Santee Cooper provided grass carp and stocking assistance. Joe Hightower and Ken Pollock of North Carolina State University provided constructive scientific guidance. This research was funded by grants from Duke Energy, Duke Energy Foundation, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. North Carolina Division of Water Resources, and North Carolina Wildlife Habitat Foundation; Bob Curry, Kent Nelson, Rob Emens, Eddie Bridges, and Wendy Moore assisted with funding administration. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V39YF UT WOS:000209445600005 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Martin, MR Jr, WJH Madeira, PT Pierce, RM Smart, MD Center, TD AF Tipping, Philip W. Martin, M. R. Jr, W. J. Hulslander Madeira, P. T. Pierce, R. M. Smart, M. D. Center, T. D. TI Release and evaluation of Cyrtobagous salviniae on common salvinia in southern Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Salvinia minima; Cyrtobagons salviniae; biological control; aquatic weeds AB Common salvinia (Salvinia minute) is one of the most widespread, non-native invasive species at the :Barataria Preserve of Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve in southern Louisiana and currently infests more than 3,600 ha and 48 km of navigable waterways. A proven biological control agent, the salvinia weevil (Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands), was field collected on S.minima in Florida, checked for pathogens, and then released in the Preserve from June 2002 through June 2005. Few weevils were recovered front heavily shaded sites when compared to full sun sites where weevils were recovered frequently. Plant biomass and percent cover were reduced only in full sun sites. A field nursery site was established at an undisturbed location in Twin Canals in June 2003 and stocked with 2,421 weevils, released periodically until August 2005. Although weevils, including teneral adults, were recovered at all but one release site, population establishment was not confirmed during this period because of multiple perturbations, culminating in Hurricane Katrina, which caused large scale saltwater intrusion which temporarily destroyed all the sites near the end of the project. However, recent weevil detections by other researchers suggest that the weevils did establish in the area. Any future research efforts in this region should focus on identifying full sun, undisturbed sites to expedite establishment and evaluate impact. C1 [Tipping, Philip W.; Madeira, P. T.; Center, T. D.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Martin, M. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, ARM Loxithatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL 33473 USA. [Jr, W. J. Hulslander] Natl Pk Serv, Assateague Isl Natl Seashore, Berlin, MD 21811 USA. [Pierce, R. M.] Alan Plummer Assoc Inc, Dallas, TX 75217 USA. [Smart, M. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM Philip.tipping@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V39YF UT WOS:000209445600006 ER PT S AU Rivera-Monroy, VH Castaneda-Moya, E Barr, JG Engel, V Fuentes, JD Troxler, TG Twilley, RR Bouillon, S Smith, TJ O'Halloran, TL AF Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. Castaneda-Moya, Edward Barr, Jordan G. Engel, Vic Fuentes, Jose D. Troxler, Tiffany G. Twilley, Robert R. Bouillon, Steven Smith, Thomas J., III O'Halloran, Thomas L. BE DeLaune, RD Reddy, KR Richardson, CJ Megonigal, JP TI Current Methods to Evaluate Net Primary Production and Carbon Budgets in Mangrove Forests SO METHODS IN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF WETLANDS SE Soil Science Society of America Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FLORIDA COASTAL EVERGLADES; BELOW-GROUND DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; EDDY COVARIANCE; LONG-TERM; RIVER ESTUARY; SOUTH FLORIDA; ROOT BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS AB Mangrove forests are a dominant feature of tropical and subtropical coastlines; however, anthropogenic pressures have reduced the global extent of these forests to <50% of the original total cover. These coastal wetlands are very productive and efficient C sinks, contributing to C biogeochemistry in coastal oceans and providing a wide array of ecosystem services. We review the most common methods used to estimate net primary productivity (NPP) and how they are used to determine C budgets. A general explanation about the eddy covariance method to evaluate the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) is included in the context of traditional above-and belowground biometric (summation) methods and the NEE relationship to net ecosystem production. We use recent NEE data and biometric information from a neotropical riverine mangrove forest to underscore the importance of organic and inorganic matter exchange between the forest and estuarine and coastal waters when assessing the relative contribution of NEE and NPP to the net ecosystem C budget. We also revise published information where C fluxes and storage have been estimated and summarize the methods used to facilitate the identification and interpretation of fluxes in the context of whole C budget estimation. We finally present an integrative approach based on existing methods that could serve as a guide to develop comparative mangrove C cycling studies in mangrove ecosystems across forest ecotypes and ecogeomorphic settings. C1 [Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.; Castaneda-Moya, Edward; Twilley, Robert R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Barr, Jordan G.] South Florida Nat Resource Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Engel, Vic] USGS, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Fuentes, Jose D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Bouillon, Steven] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environ Sci, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Smith, Thomas J., III] USGS, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [O'Halloran, Thomas L.] Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. RP Rivera-Monroy, VH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM vhrivera@lsu.edu; Jordan_Barr@nps.gov; vengel@usgs.gov; jdfuentes@psu.edu; troxlert@fiu.edu; twilley@lsu.edu; steven.bouillon@ees.kuleuven.be; Tom_J_Smith@usgs.gov; tohalloran@sbc.edu OI Barr, Jordan/0000-0002-6460-3463 NR 140 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1047-4986 BN 978-0-89118-961-9; 978-0-89118-960-2 J9 SSSA BOOK S PY 2013 VL 10 BP 243 EP 288 DI 10.2136/sssabookser10.c14 D2 10.2136/sssabookser10 PG 46 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BE3JH UT WOS:000370800500016 ER PT S AU Orem, WH Bates, AL AF Orem, William H. Bates, Anne L. BE DeLaune, RD Reddy, KR Richardson, CJ Megonigal, JP TI Characterization of Sulfur Forms and Isotopic Compositions in Wetland Soils SO METHODS IN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF WETLANDS SE Soil Science Society of America Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALKALINE OXIDATION METHOD; ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE; DELAWARE SALT-MARSH; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; MASS-SPECTROMETER; TRACING SOURCES; RIVER; COMBUSTION; CATCHMENTS; SEDIMENTS AB Sulfur is an important element in the biogeochemistry of wetlands as a nutrient element for biota, existing in many different oxidation states, some of which are highly reactive with metals, and a key reactant in microbial processes such as microbial SO42- reduction. Microbial SO42- reduction is a key biodegradation process in many wetland environments, important in the degradation of organic matter, the recycling of nutrient elements, and the speciation of many metals. For these reasons, understanding how S is transformed and cycled through wetlands is important to geochemists and biologists studying wetland ecosystems. This chapter discusses methods for characterizing the forms and isotopic composition of S in wetland soils and sediments. The emphasis on wetland soils and sediments reflects the fact that many of the important biogeochemical transformations and reactions involving S occur here under anoxic conditions and driven by microbial SO42- reduction. We discuss different approaches for determining the total S content of soils and detailed, step-by-step approaches for examining forms of S in wetland soils, including elemental S, monosulfides (acid volatile sulfides), disulfides (FeS2, etc.), sulfates, and bulk organic S. Sulfur isotope analysis is also discussed. Sulfur isotopes are useful for examining sources of S to wetland ecosystems and for following the biogeochemical cycling of S in wetland soils. Advances in analytical instrumentation have greatly facilitated analysis of the stable isotopic composition of S in solid-phase material and allow rapid S isotope analysis of solids such as wetlands soils at a sample mass of <1 mg. C1 [Orem, William H.; Bates, Anne L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Orem, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM borem@usgs.gov; abates@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1047-4986 BN 978-0-89118-961-9; 978-0-89118-960-2 J9 SSSA BOOK S PY 2013 VL 10 BP 741 EP 764 DI 10.2136/sssabookser10.c38 D2 10.2136/sssabookser10 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BE3JH UT WOS:000370800500040 ER PT S AU Callaway, JC Cahoon, DR Lynch, JC AF Callaway, John C. Cahoon, Donald R. Lynch, James C. BE DeLaune, RD Reddy, KR Richardson, CJ Megonigal, JP TI The Surface Elevation Table-Marker Horizon Method for Measuring Wetland Accretion and Elevation Dynamics SO METHODS IN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF WETLANDS SE Soil Science Society of America Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; MID-ATLANTIC COAST; FRESH-WATER MARSH; SALT-MARSH; SEDIMENT DEPOSITION; VERTICAL ACCRETION; MANGROVE FORESTS; PEAT COLLAPSE; LOUISIANA AB Tidal wetlands are highly sensitive to processes that affect their elevation relative to sea level. The surface elevation table-marker horizon (SET-MH) method has been used to successfully measure these processes, including sediment accretion, changes in relative elevation, and shallow soil processes (subsidence and expansion due to root production). The SET-MH method is capable of measuring changes at very high resolution (+/- millimeters) and has been used worldwide both in natural wetlands and under experimental conditions. Marker horizons are typically deployed using feldspar over 50-by 50-cm plots, with replicate plots at each sampling location. Plots are sampled using a liquid N-2 cryocorer that freezes a small sample, allowing the handling and measurement of soft and easily compressed soils with minimal compaction. The SET instrument is a portable device that is attached to a permanent benchmark to make high-precision measurements of wetland surface elevation. The SET instrument has evolved substantially in recent decades, and the current rod SET (RSET) is widely used. For the RSET, a 15-mm-diameter stainless steel rod is pounded into the ground until substantial resistance is achieved to establish a benchmark. The SET instrument is attached to the benchmark and leveled such that it reoccupies the same reference plane in space, and pins lowered from the instrument repeatedly measure the same point on the soil surface. Changes in the height of the lowered pins reflect changes in the soil surface. Permanent or temporary platforms provide access to SET and MH locations without disturbing the wetland surface. C1 [Callaway, John C.] Univ San Francisco, Dept Environm Sci, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. [Cahoon, Donald R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lynch, James C.] Northeast Coastal & Barrier Network, Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Callaway, JC (reprint author), Univ San Francisco, Dept Environm Sci, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. EM callaway@usfca.edu; dcahoon@usgs.gov; james_lynch@nps.gov OI Callaway, John/0000-0002-7364-286X NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1047-4986 BN 978-0-89118-961-9; 978-0-89118-960-2 J9 SSSA BOOK S PY 2013 VL 10 BP 901 EP 917 DI 10.2136/sssabookser10.c46 D2 10.2136/sssabookser10 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BE3JH UT WOS:000370800500048 ER PT J AU Boal, CW Wunderle, JM Arendt, WJ AF Boal, Clint W. Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. Arendt, Wayne J. TI AUTUMN MONITORING OF RESIDENT AVIFAUNA ON GUANA ISLAND, BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Bananaquit; Coereba flaveola; Pearly-eyed Thrasher; Margarops fuscatus; avifaunal richness; monitoring; species composition; surveys; British Virgin Islands; Guana Island AB Although the Caribbean region is considered a biodiversity hotspot and a priority for ecological conservation efforts, little information exists on population trends of West Indian landbirds. We combined avian survey data collected from three studies spanning a 16-year period on a small island with a minimal human presence in the British Virgin Islands. Although abundances varied among surveys, the same species were detected with rare exceptions. Despite stability in species composition, the resident landbirds were variable in their individual detectabilities. Survey detections relatively mirrored net captures for some species, but are quite different for others. We suspect that this is likely due to differences in detectability due to species-specific behaviors mediated by environmental conditions, such as rainfall, during the month or months prior to our surveys. It is difficult to assess the influence of timing or amount of precipitation on bird detections rates among our surveys due to a lack of consistent collection of location-specific weather data in the British Virgin Islands. Our study suggests monitoring efforts conducted in concert with collection of site-specific climate data would facilitate improved interpretation of survey data and a better understanding of avian species response to climate mediated changes. C1 [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr.; Arendt, Wayne J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu FU Falconwood Foundation; Conservation Agency for facilitating our continued access to Guana Island; USGS Cooperative Research Units FX Our thanks go to the Falconwood Foundation, and The Conservation Agency for facilitating our continued access to Guana Island and their support for this research, and to the USGS Cooperative Research Units for supporting this research. We thank J. W Beltran for providing a Spanish abstract for this manuscript, J. D. Lazell and G. Perry for coordinating research opportunities on Guana Island, and to the many volunteers that have assisted in the ornithological research program on the island. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US. Government. This manuscript benefitted from the thoughtful reviews and suggestions of B. Bibles and G. Perry. The 1994 and 2001 research was conducted in cooperation with the University of Puerto Rico. The study in 2007-2009 was conducted under Texas Tech University Animal Care and Use Protocol No. 12053-07. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2013 VL 24 IS 3 BP 335 EP 343 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA V36WQ UT WOS:000209238900008 ER PT B AU Camden-Smith, B Johnson, RH Richardson, R Billing, D Tutu, H AF Camden-Smith, Bronwyn Johnson, Raymond H. Richardson, Robert Billing, David Tutu, Hlanganani BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI Investigating the potential impact of efflorescent mineral crusts on water quality: complementing analytical techniques with geochemical modelling SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE geochemical modelling; efflorescent crusts; PXRD; forward modelling; reaction paths ID DRAINAGE AB Efflorescent crusts are a common feature forming on the surface of gold mining sites and tailings storage facilities during the dry season. Their dissolution at the start of the wet season releases an acidic pulse of water rich in metal pollutants. The composition of the crusts is indicative of the water from which they precipitated. This study aimed at assessing the crust formation and dissolution processes that result in episodic changes in receiving water quality. The approach involved characterising the composition of the crusts by analytical techniques (powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD)) and establishing compositional discrepancies by modelling the formation and dissolution processes. C1 [Camden-Smith, Bronwyn; Richardson, Robert; Billing, David; Tutu, Hlanganani] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Chem, Inst Mol Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Johnson, Raymond H.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Camden-Smith, B (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Chem, Inst Mol Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM bronwyn.camden-smith@students.wits.ac.za FU South African National Research Foundation FX The authors thank the South African National Research Foundation for funding; the USGS Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center for their assistance; the USGS reviewers for their valuable input and the anonymous IMWA reviewer for their helpful comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700044 ER PT B AU Campbell, KM Alpers, CN Nordstrom, DK Bum, AE Williams, A AF Campbell, Kate M. Alpers, Charles N. Nordstrom, D. Kirk Bum, Alex E. Williams, Amy BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI Characterization and Remediation of Iron(III) Oxide-rich Scale in a Pipeline Carrying Acid Mine Drainage at Iron Mountain Mine, California, USA SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE Acid mine drainage; microbial iron oxidation; geochemical modeling; pipeline scaling ID WATERS AB A 3.4 km pipeline carrying acid mine drainage to a treatment plant at the Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site (California, USA) develops substantial scaling, resulting in occasional spillage and requiring periodic, costly clean-out. Samples of scale and water were collected from four points along the pipeline and water was collected from the mine portal influent. Mineralogy of the scale samples consisted of primarily hydrous ferric oxides including schwertmannite and goethite based on powder X-ray diffraction, wet chemical extractions, and scanning electron microscopy. Laboratory batch experiments with fresh, unfiltered water from the site showed that the scale was formed by microbial Fe(II) oxidation and precipitation of Fe(III) phases. A re mediation strategy of lowering the pH of the influent water from 2.7 to 2.0-2.3 was tested using a geochemical model and laboratory batch experiments. Decreasing the pH did not substantially retard the rate of Fe(II) oxidation, but prevented precipitation of Fe(III) phases, suggesting that mixing the pipeline water with low pH water (pH from the Richmond mine portal may prevent scale formation. C1 [Campbell, Kate M.; Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Bum, Alex E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Williams, Amy] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Campbell, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kcampbell@usgs.gov; cnalpers@usgs.gov; dkn@usgs.gov; aeblum@usgs.gov; amywill@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The authors thank James Sickles and Lily Tavassoli of EPA for project management, and Rudy Carver, Theron Elbe, and Don Odean of Iron Mountain Operations for field support and for discussions regarding remediation options. The authors also thank Gary Campbell (USGS Volunteer for Science), JoAnna Barrell (Colorado School of Mines), David Metge (USGS), and Deb Repert (USGS). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700045 ER PT B AU Chapin, T Progess, C Todd, A AF Chapin, Thomas Progess, Christina Todd, Andrew BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI MiniSipper: A New, High-capacity, Long-duration, Automated In Situ Water Sampler for Acid Mine Drainage Monitoring SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE high-resolution sampling; acid mine drainage; seasonal variations; in situ water sampler ID HIGH-RESOLUTION AB The US Geological Survey (USGS) has developed the MiniSipper, a low-cost, automated, in situ water sampler to provide high-resolution, year-round, sampling for acid mine drainage monitoring at remote sites. The MiniSipper typically collects 250 five mL acid preserved water samples and operates unattended for 8-12 months for over-winter and snowmelt runoff sampling. Year-round, high-resolution metal data from two different abandoned mines in CO, USA document opposite water quality responses to snowmelt runoff and demonstrate the advantages of MiniSipper technology in difficult sampling environments. C1 [Chapin, Thomas; Todd, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Progess, Christina] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Chapin, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tchapin@usgs.gov; Progess.Christina@epa.gov; atodd@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700046 ER PT B AU Cravotta, CA AF Cravotta, Charles A., III BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI Apparent Rates of Fe(II) Oxidation and Associated Hydrogeochemical Interactions in an Extensively Mined Watershed, Pennsylvania, USA SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; iron oxidation rate AB Baseflow in the West Branch Schuylkill River, which drains a 61.8 km(2) watershed in eastern Pennsylvania, consists of coal-mine drainage (CMD) from two large outfalls. During 2005-12, the CMD had elevated Fe(II) concentrations but was net alkaline with near-neutral pH Along a 4,950 m flow path downstream of the outfalls, pH increased by as much as 1 unit and Fe concentrations decreased by 30 to 95 % because of CO2 degassing and Fe(II) oxidation, respectively. Iron attenuation was greatest during low flows when transport times, pH, and temperature were greatest. Fe(II) oxidation was consistent with the Singer-Stumm abiotic, homogeneous rate model. C1 [Cravotta, Charles A., III] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM cravotta@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700050 ER PT B AU Johnson, RH Tutu, H AF Johnson, Raymond H. Tutu, Hlanganani BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI Reactive transport modeling at uranium in situ recovery sites: Uncertainties in uranium sorption on iron hydroxides SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE uranium; reactive transport; modeling; sorption AB Geochemical changes that can occur down gradient from uranium in situ recovery (ISR) sites are important for various stakeholders to understand when evaluating potential effects on surrounding groundwater quality. If down gradient solid-phase material consists of sandstone with iron hydroxide coatings (no pyrite or organic carbon), sorption of uranium on iron hydroxides can control uranium mobility. Using one-dimensional reactive transport models with PHREEQC, two different geochemical databases, and various geochemical parameters, the uncertainties in uranium sorption on iron hydroxides are evaluated, because these oxidized zones create a greater risk for future uranium transport than fully reduced zones where uranium generally precipitates. C1 [Johnson, Raymond H.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Tutu, Hlanganani] Univ Witwatersrand, Inst Mol Sci, Sch Chem, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhjohnso@usgs.gov; Hlanganani.Tutu@wits.ac.za FU USGS Mineral Resources Program FX The authors thank Gary Curtis, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, for providing the updated PHREEQC database with the latest thermodynamic data. Funding for this research was provided by the USGS Mineral Resources Program. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700060 ER PT B AU Smith, KS Figueroa, LA Plumlee, GS AF Smith, Kathleen S. Figueroa, Linda A. Plumlee, Geofftey S. BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI Can treatment and disposal costs be reduced through metal recovery? SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE metal recovery; copper; zinc; critical and strategic elements; economics; geoenvironmental models AB This paper describes a framework to conduct a "metal-recovery feasibility assessment" for mining influenced water (MIW) and associated treatment sludge. There are multiple considerations in such a determination, including the geologic/geochemical feasibility, market feasibility, technical feasibility, economic feasibility, and administrative feasibility. Each of these considerations needs to be evaluated to determine the practicality of metal recovery from a particular MIW. C1 [Smith, Kathleen S.; Plumlee, Geofftey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Figueroa, Linda A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Smith, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ksmith@usgs.gov; lfiguero@mines.edu; gplumlee@usgs.gov FU USGS Mineral Resources Program FX Smith and Plumlee acknowledge the USGS Mineral Resources Program for funding this work. We thank Don Bleiwas for his insightful review and helpful discussions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 729 EP 734 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700121 ER PT B AU Cravotta, CA Geroni, JN AF Cravotta, C. A., III Geroni, J. N. BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI Effects of CO2 Degassing on pH and Fe(II) Oxidation Rates in Coal Mine Effluents SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE abandoned mines; coal mine drainage; iron oxidation rate CO2 degassing rate AB Elevated concentrations of dissolved CO2 in groundwater from underground coal mines can depress pH and decrease the rate of removal of dissolved Fe(II) and associated metals within aerobic treatment ponds and wetlands. Mechanical aeration of the water can accelerate CO2 removal (degassing), with consequent increases in pH and the rates of Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation. This paper uses kinetics modeling with the geochemical program, PHREEQC, to simulate interdependent changes in CO2 degassing, pH, and Fe(II) oxidation rates that occur during aeration of waters discharged from abandoned coal mines. C1 [Cravotta, C. A., III] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Geroni, J. N.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 949 EP 954 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700151 ER PT B AU Piatak, NM Woodruff, LG Seal, RR Jones, PM AF Piatak, Nadine M. Woodruff, Laurel G. Seal, Robert R., II Jones, Perry M. BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI Baseline geochemical characterization of trace elements in stream sediments in mineralized watersheds of the Duluth Complex, northeastern Minnesota SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE Cu-Ni-PGE deposits; Fe-Ti oxide deposits; St. Louis River; organic carbon; AVS/SEM C1 [Piatak, Nadine M.; Seal, Robert R., II] US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Woodruff, Laurel G.; Jones, Perry M.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN USA. RP Piatak, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM npiatak@usgs.gov; woodruff@usgs.gov; rseal@usgs.gov; pmjones@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 1095 EP 1095 PG 1 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700175 ER PT B AU Seal, RR Jones, PM Piatak, NM Woodruff, LG AF Seal, Robert R., II Jones, Perry M. Piatak, Nadine M. Woodruff, Laurel G. BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI Implications of high dissolved organic carbon concentrations on potential copper toxicity in surface waters in the vicinity of Cu-Ni-PGM deposits of the Duluth Complex, northeastern Minnesota SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE platinum-group metals; copper; surface water; biotic ligand model; Minnesota C1 [Seal, Robert R., II; Piatak, Nadine M.] US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jones, Perry M.; Woodruff, Laurel G.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Seal, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 1117 EP 1117 PG 1 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700179 ER PT B AU Walton-Day, K Mills, TJ Amundson, A Dee, KT Relego, MR Borbely, C AF Walton-Day, Katherine Mills, Taylor J. Amundson, Adolph Dee, Kato T. Relego, Melissa R. Borbely, Caitlin BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI The Water-Quality Effects of a Bulkhead Installed in the Dinero Mine Tunnel, near Leadville, Colorado SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE mine drainage; bulkhead; water quality; monitoring AB In 2009, a bulkhead was installed in Dinero tunnel to reduce drainage and improve water quality and aquatic habitat downstream in Lake Fork Creek. Monitoring during 2006 and 2010 to 2012 indicated water-quality improvement in Lake Fork Creek (zinc concentrations and loads decreased). However, water quality degraded in areas adjacent to Dinero tunnel (pH decreased and zinc concentrations increased) due to increased water-table elevation behind the bulkhead. Continued monitoring will help assess if water-quality degradation continues adjacent to Dinero tunnel, and if low pH, zinc-rich water breaks through the Dinero wetland area and negates water-quality improvement in Lake Fork Creek. C1 [Walton-Day, Katherine; Mills, Taylor J.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Amundson, Adolph] Colorado Div Reclamat Min & Safety, Denver, CO USA. [Dee, Kato T.; Relego, Melissa R.; Borbely, Caitlin] Colorado Mt Coll, Nat Resources Management Inst, Leadville, CO USA. RP Walton-Day, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kwaltond@usgs.gov; tmills@usgs.gov; al.amundson@state.co.us; kdee@coloradomtn.edu; melissarwolfe@gmail.com; cborbely@maulfoster.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 1157 EP 1163 PG 7 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700187 ER PT B AU Bern, CR Engle, MA Boehlke, AR Zupancic, JW AF Bern, Carleton R. Engle, Mark A. Boehlke, Adam R. Zupancic, John W. BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI Low Salinity Hydrocarbon Water Disposal Through Deep Subsurface Drip Irrigation: Leaching of Native Selenium SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE coal bed methane; coal bed natural gas; produced water; sodium adsorption ratio AB A subsurface drip irrigation system is being used in Wyoming's Powder River Basin that treats high sodium, low salinity, coal bed methane (CBM) produced water with sulfuric acid and injects it into cropped fields at a depth of 0.92 m. Dissolution of native gypsum releases calcium that combats soil degradation that would otherwise result from high sodium water. Native selenium is leached from soil by application of the CBM water and traces native salt mobilization to groundwater. Resulting selenium concentrations in groundwater at this alluvial site were generally low (0.5-23 mu g/L) compared to Wyoming's agricultural use suitability standard (20 mu g/L). C1 [Bern, Carleton R.; Boehlke, Adam R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Engle, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Engle, Mark A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Zupancic, John W.] BeneTerra LLC, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov; engle@usgs.gov; aboehlke@usgs.gov; johnz@beneterra.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 1187 EP 1192 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700191 ER PT B AU Johnson, RH AF Johnson, Raymond H. BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI IMWA 2013 Mid-Conference Tour to Leadville, Colorado: August 7th, 2013 SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE IMWA 2013; mid-conference tour; Leadville AB An itinerary, maps, and details about the IMWA 2013 mid-conference tour from Golden, Colorado to Leadville, Colorado on August 7, 2013, are provided. C1 [Johnson, Raymond H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhjohnso@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 1237 EP 1240 PG 4 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700199 ER PT B AU Johnson, RH AF Johnson, Raymond H. BE Brown, A Figueroa, L Wolkersdorfer, C TI Mines, Mountains, and Hot Springs - IMWA 2013 Post-Conference Tour to Silverton, Colorado: August 10-13, 2013 SO RELIABLE MINE WATER TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2013, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Mine Water Association Annual Conference on Reliable Mine Water Technology CY AUG 06-09, 2013 CL Golden, CO SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Colorado Sch Mines, Schlumberger Water Serv, ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI N AMER INC, BARRICK, Cripple Creek & Vector Gold Min Co, DHI, Golder Associates, NEWMONT, SIGMUND LINDNER, CH2MHILL, CMA COLORADO MIN ASSOC, FEFLOW DE IMWA 2013; post-conference tour; Silverton AB An itinerary maps, and details about the IMWA 2013 post-conference tour from Golden, Colorado to Silverton, Colorado on August 10-13, 2013, are provided. C1 [Johnson, Raymond H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhjohnso@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MINE WATER ASSOC PI WENDELSTEIN PA C/O PROF DR CHRISTIAN WOLKERSDORFER, GINSTERWEG 4, WENDELSTEIN, 90530, GERMANY BN 978-0-615-79385-6 PY 2013 BP 1241 EP 1246 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG9XM UT WOS:000394077700200 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Rodriguez, DA Chapman, A AF Lafferty, Kevin D. Rodriguez, Donald A. Chapman, Angela TI Temporal and spatial variation in bird and human use of beaches in southern Californial SO SPRINGERPLUS LA English DT Article DE Shorebirds; Beaches; Disturbance; Wrack AB Southern California's beaches can support a remarkable diversity of birds along the Pacific Flyway. We asked whether seasonal, annual, and spatial factors affect bird richness and abundance on public beaches. To do so, we conducted three years of monthly bird surveys on 12 sandy beaches in Ventura California. Across all surveys, we counted 22 shorebird species, 8 gull species, 24 other water bird species, and 24 landbird species. Sanderling, western gull, Heerman's gull, willet, marbled godwit, and whimbrel were the most abundant members of the bird community. Beach wrack was uncommon, particularly where beaches were groomed, and did not have a large effect on bird abundance, though it was positively associated with overall bird richness. Beaches near estuaries tended to be wide, and such beaches had a higher richness and abundance of birds. Beaches with shallow slopes tended to have more gulls and shorebirds. People and (illegal) unleashed dogs were common, particularly at beaches fronted by houses. The abundance and richness of shorebirds and the richness of other waterbirds was lower where human activity was high. Bird richness and abundance was strongly affected by season, with the highest density of birds being seen during the fall shorebird migration. Gull abundance peaked earlier (August-September) than shorebird abundance (October through December). A brief pulse of shorebirds also occurred in May due to spring migration. Comparing these data with surveys in the 1990's found no evidence for a decline in shorebirds over time, though black-bellied plover appear to still be recovering from the strong 1997-1998 ENSO. Opportunities to conserve birds on these beaches are limited, but could include enforcing leash laws and setting up human exclosures near estuary mouths. C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Rodriguez, Donald A.] Calif State Univ Channel Isl, Environm Sci & Res Management Program, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. [Chapman, Angela] Calif State Univ Channel Isl, Biol Program, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM Lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2193-1801 J9 SPRINGERPLUS JI SpringerPlus PY 2013 VL 2 AR 38 DI 10.1186/2193-1801-2-38 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V40EM UT WOS:000209461900038 PM 23450765 ER PT B AU Martin, JA Conkling, TJ Belant, JL Biondi, KM Blackwell, BF DeVault, TL Fernandez-Juricic, E Schmidt, PM Seamans, TW AF Martin, James A. Conkling, Tara J. Belant, Jerrold L. Biondi, Kristin M. Blackwell, Bradley F. DeVault, Travis L. Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban Schmidt, Paige M. Seamans, Thomas W. BE DeVault, TL Blackwell, BF Belant, JL TI Wildlife Conservation and Alternative Land Uses at Airports SO WILDLIFE IN AIRPORT ENVIRONMENTS: PREVENTING ANIMAL-AIRCRAFT COLLISIONS THROUGH SCIENCE-BASED MANAGEMENT SE Wildlife Management and Conservation LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMERICAN GRASSLAND BIRDS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; AREA SENSITIVITY; HARVESTING SWITCHGRASS; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; RESERVE PROGRAM; AVIAN RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; MISCANTHUS C1 [Martin, James A.; Conkling, Tara J.; Belant, Jerrold L.; Biondi, Kristin M.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Blackwell, Bradley F.; DeVault, Travis L.; Seamans, Thomas W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schmidt, Paige M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1083-8; 978-1-4214-1082-1 J9 WILDL MANAGE CONSERV PY 2013 BP 117 EP 125 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB8KG UT WOS:000346766800012 ER PT B AU Gauthreaux, SA Schmidt, PM AF Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr. Schmidt, Paige M. BE DeVault, TL Blackwell, BF Belant, JL TI Radar Technology to Monitor Hazardous Birds at Airports SO WILDLIFE IN AIRPORT ENVIRONMENTS: PREVENTING ANIMAL-AIRCRAFT COLLISIONS THROUGH SCIENCE-BASED MANAGEMENT SE Wildlife Management and Conservation LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEATHER SURVEILLANCE RADAR; AVIAN RADAR; TRACKING RADAR; GREAT-LAKES; MIGRATION; WSR-88D; MOVEMENTS; QUANTIFICATION; PATTERNS; AIRCRAFT C1 [Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Schmidt, Paige M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Gauthreaux, SA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1083-8; 978-1-4214-1082-1 J9 WILDL MANAGE CONSERV PY 2013 BP 141 EP 151 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB8KG UT WOS:000346766800014 ER PT B AU Blackwell, BF Schmidt, PM Martin, JA AF Blackwell, Bradley F. Schmidt, Paige M. Martin, James A. BE DeVault, TL Blackwell, BF Belant, JL TI Avian Survey Methods for Use at Airports SO WILDLIFE IN AIRPORT ENVIRONMENTS: PREVENTING ANIMAL-AIRCRAFT COLLISIONS THROUGH SCIENCE-BASED MANAGEMENT SE Wildlife Management and Conservation LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRESENCE-ABSENCE DATA; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT; POINT COUNTS; WILDLIFE; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; AIRCRAFT; BIRDS; MANAGEMENT C1 [Blackwell, Bradley F.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Schmidt, Paige M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Martin, James A.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20240 USA. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1083-8; 978-1-4214-1082-1 J9 WILDL MANAGE CONSERV PY 2013 BP 153 EP 165 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB8KG UT WOS:000346766800015 ER PT J AU Echols, KR Peterman, PH Hinck, JE Orazio, CE AF Echols, Kathy R. Peterman, Paul H. Hinck, Jo Ellen Orazio, Carl E. TI Polybrominated diphenyl ether metabolism in field collected fish from the Gila River, Arizona, USA - Levels, possible sources, and patterns SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Fish; Southwestern United States; Gila River; Wastewater; Debromination ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; TREATMENT-PLANT EFFLUENT; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; REDUCTIVE DEBROMINATION; MUNICIPAL SEWAGE; DIETARY EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; LAKE-MICHIGAN AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in fish collected from the Gila River, Arizona, a tributary of the Colorado River in the lower part of the Colorado River Basin. Fish samples were collected at sites on the Gila River downstream from Hayden, Phoenix, and Arlington. Arizona in late summer 2003. The Gila River is ephemeral upstream of the Phoenix urban area due to dams and irrigation projects and has limited perennial flow downstream of Phoenix due to wastewater and irrigation return flows. Fifty PBDE congeners were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry using labeled surrogate standards in composite samples of male and female common carp (Cyrpinus carpio), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The predominant PBDE congeners detected and quantified were 47, 100, 153, 49, 28, and 17. Concentrations of total PBDEs in these fish ranged from 1.4 to 12700 ng g(-1) wet weight, which are some of the highest concentrations reported in fish from the United States. Differences in metabolism of several PBDE congeners by carp is clear at the Phoenix site; congeners with at least one ring of 2,4,5-substitution are preferentially metabolized as are congeners with 2,3,4-substitution. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Echols, Kathy R.; Peterman, Paul H.; Hinck, Jo Ellen; Orazio, Carl E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Echols, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM kechols@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2013 VL 90 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.001 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046KS UT WOS:000311764500003 PM 22939514 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Wylie, BK Bliss, NB AF Gu, Yingxin Wylie, Bruce K. Bliss, Norman B. TI Mapping grassland productivity with 250-m eMODIS NDVI and SSURGO database over the Greater Platte River Basin, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE eMODIS; Growing season averaged NDVI; Grassland productivity; SSURGO database; Flux tower gross primary productivity; Greater Platte River Basin ID ECOSYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANOMALIES; VEGETATION; PLAINS; FOREST AB This study assessed and described a relationship between satellite-derived growing season averaged Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and annual productivity for grasslands within the Greater Platte River Basin (GPRB) of the United States. We compared growing season averaged NDVI (GSN) with Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database rangeland productivity and flux tower Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) for grassland areas. The GSN was calculated for each of nine years (2000-2008) using the 7-day composite 250-m eMODIS (expedited Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) NDVI data. Strong correlations exist between the nine-year mean GSN (MGSN) and SSURGO annual productivity for grasslands (R-2 = 0.74 for approximately 8000 pixels randomly selected from eight homogeneous regions within the GPRB; R-2 = 0.96 for the 14 cluster-averaged points). Results also reveal a strong correlation between GSN and flux tower growing season averaged GPP (R-2 = 0.71). Finally, we developed an empirical equation to estimate grassland productivity based on the MGSN. Spatially explicit estimates of grassland productivity over the GPRB were generated, which improved the regional consistency of SSURGO grassland productivity data and can help scientists and land managers to better understand the actual biophysical and ecological characteristics of grassland systems in the GPRB. This final estimated grassland production map can also be used as an input for biogeochemical, ecological, and climate change models. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gu, Yingxin; Bliss, Norman B.] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), ASRC Res & Technol Solut, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856 FU USGS [G08PC91508] FX This work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508 and funded by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels. The authors thank Tagir G. Gilmanov for providing flux tower data. The authors thank James E. Vogelmann, Robert Klaver, Yiping Wu, Thomas Adamson, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 24 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.05.024 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036VH UT WOS:000311059900004 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Mack, J Adams, JV Gara, B Micacchion, M AF Stapanian, Martin A. Mack, John Adams, Jean V. Gara, Brian Micacchion, Mick TI Disturbance metrics predict a wetland Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Wetland vegetation; VIBI; Disturbance; Substrate; Shrinkage; Lasso ID LAND-COVER; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; REGRESSION; INVASION AB Indices of biological integrity of wetlands based on vascular plants (VIBIs) have been developed in many areas in the USA. Knowledge of the best predictors of VIBIs would enable management agencies to make better decisions regarding mitigation site selection and performance monitoring criteria. We use a novel statistical technique to develop predictive models for an established index of wetland vegetation integrity (Ohio VIBI), using as independent variables 20 indices and metrics of habitat quality, wetland disturbance, and buffer area land use from 149 wetlands in Ohio, USA. For emergent and forest wetlands, predictive models explained 61% and 54% of the variability, respectively, in Ohio VIBI scores. In both cases the most important predictor of Ohio VIBI score was a metric that assessed habitat alteration and development in the wetland. Of secondary importance as a predictor was a metric that assessed microtopography, interspersion, and quality of vegetation communities in the wetland. Metrics and indices assessing disturbance and land use of the buffer area were generally poor predictors of Ohio VIBI scores. Our results suggest that vegetation integrity of emergent and forest wetlands could be most directly enhanced by minimizing substrate and habitat disturbance within the wetland. Such efforts could include reducing or eliminating any practices that disturb the soil profile, such as nutrient enrichment from adjacent farm land, mowing, grazing, or cutting or removing woody plants. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Mack, John] Cleveland Metropk, Fairview, OH 44126 USA. [Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Gara, Brian] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. [Micacchion, Mick] Midwest Biodivers Inst, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 24 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.06.009 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036VH UT WOS:000311059900014 ER PT J AU Tan, ZX Liu, SG Wylie, BK Jenkerson, CB Oeding, J Rover, J Young, C AF Tan, Zhengxi Liu, Shuguang Wylie, B. K. Jenkerson, C. B. Oeding, J. Rover, J. Young, C. TI MODIS-informed greenness responses to daytime land surface temperature fluctuations and wildfire disturbances in the Alaskan Yukon River Basin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID INTERIOR ALASKA; BOREAL FORESTS; BURN SEVERITY; POSTFIRE VEGETATION; FIRE DISTURBANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; CANADA; PERFORMANCE; CLIMATE; NDVI AB Pronounced climate warming and increased wildfire disturbances are known to modify forest composition and control the evolution of the boreal ecosystem over the Yukon River Basin (YRB) in interior Alaska. In this study, we evaluate the post-fire green-up rate using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from 250 m 7 day eMODIS (an alternative and application-ready type of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data) acquired between 2000 and 2009. Our analyses indicate measureable effects on NDVI values from vegetation type, burn severity, post-fire time, and climatic variables. The NDVI observations from both fire scars and unburned areas across the Alaskan YRB showed a tendency of an earlier start to the growing season (GS); the annual variations in NDVI were significantly correlated to daytime land surface temperature (LST) fluctuations; and the rate of post-fire green-up depended mainly on burn severity and the time of post-fire succession. The higher average NDVI values for the study period in the fire scars than in the unburned areas between 1950 and 2000 suggest that wildfires enhance post-fire greenness due to an increase in post-fire evergreen and deciduous species components. C1 [Tan, Zhengxi] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang; Wylie, B. K.; Rover, J.] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Dept Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Jenkerson, C. B.; Young, C.] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Earth Resources Technol ERT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Oeding, J.] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Tan, ZX (reprint author), US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ztan@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program in support of Climate Change Network; USGS [G08PC91508, G10PC00044] FX This project was funded by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program in support of Climate Change Network. We thank Norman Bliss and Shengli Huang (ARTS) for internal technical review. The work of Zhengxi Tan (ARTS) was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508; the works of C. B. Jenkerson (ERT), C. J. Young (ERT), and J. Oeding (SGT) were performed under USGS contract G10PC00044. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2013 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2187 EP 2199 DI 10.1080/01431161.2012.742215 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 043PU UT WOS:000311557300018 ER PT J AU Goto, K Chague-Goff, C Goff, J Jaffe, B AF Goto, Kazuhisa Chague-Goff, Catherine Goff, James Jaffe, Bruce TI The future of tsunami research following the 2011 Tohoku-oki event SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE The 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami; Tsunami deposits; The AD869 Jogan tsunami; Tsunami geology ID DEPOSITS; JAPAN; EARTHQUAKE; RUPTURE; EROSION AB In this paper we summarize the regional setting, our previous understanding of historical and pre-historical tsunamis on the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan, prior to the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami, and our current understanding of the sedimentological, geochemical and paleontological features of the onshore and offshore deposits of the event. Post-tsunami surveys revealed many new insights, such as; (1) the maximum extent of the sand deposit is sometimes only 60% of the inundation distance, (2) the inundation limit can be estimated by geochemical analysis even a few months after the event, (3) a minor amount of marine sediment was transported inland by the tsunami on the Sendai and adjacent plains with the major sediment sources being from beach and dune erosion or vented sediments from liquefaction, although nearshore and offshore surveys revealed that there was a significant amount of sediment transport on the seafloor, (4) coarse gravel deposits (similar to 1 m in thickness) were usually thicker than the sand ones (similar to 30 cm in thickness), and (5) beach erosion was minimal in some places while severe in others. Another important aspect of this event is that it was a large, infrequent, tsunami that took place where possible predecessors (e.g., AD869 Jogan) were already known to have occurred based on historical and geological evidence. The AD869 Jogan tsunami deposits are noticeably similar to the 2011 Tohoku-oki sands, therefore suggesting that the Jogan and its source mechanism may have been larger than previously thought. While we have learned many lessons from the 2011 Tohoku-oki event, more research is needed to provide reliable tsunami risk assessments around the world. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goto, Kazuhisa] Chiba Inst Technol, Planetary Explorat Res Ctr, Chiba 2750016, Japan. [Goto, Kazuhisa] Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Chague-Goff, Catherine; Goff, James] Univ New S Wales, Australia Pacific Tsunami Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Goto, K (reprint author), Chiba Inst Technol, Planetary Explorat Res Ctr, Chiba 2750016, Japan. EM kgoto@perc.it-chiba.ac.jp RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 95 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 2012 VL 282 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.08.003 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA 069YR UT WOS:000313473500001 ER PT J AU Richmond, B Szczucinski, W Chague-Goff, C Goto, K Sugawara, D Witter, R Tappin, DR Jaffe, B Fujino, S Nishimura, Y Goff, J AF Richmond, Bruce Szczucinski, Witold Chague-Goff, Catherine Goto, Kazuhisa Sugawara, Daisuke Witter, Rob Tappin, David R. Jaffe, Bruce Fujino, Shigehiro Nishimura, Yuichi Goff, James TI Erosion, deposition and landscape change on the Sendai coastal plain, Japan, resulting from the March 11, 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Sendai plain; Sedimentology; Landscape change; Recovery ID SOUTH-PACIFIC TSUNAMI; SEDIMENTATION AB Case studies of recent tsunami impacts have proven to be extremely useful in understanding the geologic processes involved during inundation and return flow, and refining the criteria used to identify paleotsunami deposits in the geologic record. Here, we report on erosion, deposition and associated landscape change resulting from the March 11, 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami along a nearly 4.5 km shore-normal transect on the coastal plain near Sendai, Japan. The study area on the broad, low-relief prograding coastal Sendai plain comprised a sand beach backed by similar to 3 m high sand dunes and a forest, a wetland, the Teizan canal, agricultural rice fields, buildings and roads. Field observations focused on measurements of tsunami flow characteristics (height and direction), mapping of erosion features and assessing sediment deposition based on shallow trenches at 50-100 m spacing. Recorded tsunami inundation heights reached up to about 11 m above mean sea level within the first 500 m from the shoreline and then ranged between 3 and 5 m for the next 2 km, gradually decreasing to about 3 m close to the inundation limit. The tsunami deposit generally thinned landward from an average maximum similar to 30 cm thick sand deposit in the coastal forest to a thin mud drape several mm thick near the inundation limit. A discontinuous sand-dominated sheet was prevalent to about 2800 m from the shoreline where mud content then gradually increased further landward eventually resulting in a mud-dominated deposit ranging from 3.5 cm to a few mm thickness. The overall thinning and fining of the deposit was often interrupted by localized features that led to complex sedimentological relationships over short distances. Satellite imagery taken on 14 March 2011, 3 days after the Tohoku-oki Tsunami shows prominent foreshore incisions with 100 s + meters spacing alongshore, a foredune ridge that underwent severe erosion and development of a prominent shore-parallel elongated scour depression. Our field survey in early May 2011 revealed that the foreshore recovered quickly with rapid post-tsunami sediment deposition from incident waves, whereas the dune-ridge complex had undergone only minor re-working from eolian processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Richmond, Bruce; Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Szczucinski, Witold] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Geol, PL-61606 Poznan, Poland. [Chague-Goff, Catherine; Goff, James] Univ New S Wales, Australia Pacific Tsunami Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Goto, Kazuhisa] Chiba Inst Technol, Planetary Explorat Res Ctr, Chiba 2750016, Japan. [Sugawara, Daisuke] Tohoku Univ, Disaster Control Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Witter, Rob] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Tappin, David R.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Fujino, Shigehiro] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. [Nishimura, Yuichi] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Richmond, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM brichmond@usgs.gov RI Tappin, David/H-7010-2013; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Fujino, Shigehiro /C-8846-2014; Szczucinski, Witold/A-3612-2008 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Fujino, Shigehiro /0000-0003-2415-9764; Szczucinski, Witold/0000-0003-2466-2263 FU Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland FX We wish to thank UNESCO-IOC and ITIC for their kind coordination of the field survey and all our respective organizations and funding bodies for their support. The funding for W. Szczucinski was provided by the rector of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland. Steve Watt drafted some of the figures. We would also like to thank Dr Mastronuzzi and Dr Gelfenbaum for their constructive reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. NR 33 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 2012 VL 282 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.08.005 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA 069YR UT WOS:000313473500003 ER PT J AU Pilarczyk, JE Horton, BP Witter, RC Vane, CH Chague-Goff, C Goff, J AF Pilarczyk, Jessica E. Horton, Benjamin P. Witter, Robert C. Vane, Christopher H. Chague-Goff, Catherine Goff, James TI Sedimentary and foraminiferal evidence of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami on the Sendai coastal plain, Japan SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sendai Plain; 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami; Jogan tsunami; Foraminifera ID INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; SULTANATE-OF-OMAN; STORM DEPOSITS; NEW-ZEALAND; SEA-LEVEL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; NORTHEAST JAPAN; SUBDUCTION ZONE; INNER-SHELF AB The 2011 Tohoku-oki megathrust earthquake (Mw 9.0) generated a tsunami that reached the Sendai coastal plain with flow heights of similar to 2 to 11 m above TP (Tokyo Peil). We examined the tsunami deposit exposed in 14 shallow trenches along a similar to 4.5-km transect perpendicular to the coast. We primarily document the stratigraphical, sedimentological, foraminiferal and geochemical characteristics of the Tohoku-oki tsunami deposit and perform a preliminary comparison with sediments deposited by the Jogan tsunami of A.D. 869. In the coastal forest and rice fields inundated by the Tohoku-oki tsunami, a poorly sorted, dark brown soil is buried by a poorly sorted, brown, medium-grained sand deposit. In some trenches located more than 1.2 km inland, the sand is capped by a thin muddy-sand layer. The tsunami deposit, although highly variable in thickness, is generally thickest (25 cm) near the coastal dune and thins to less than 5 mm at similar to 4.5 km inland. The tsunami deposit was discriminated from the underlying soil by the appearance of recent and fossil foraminifera and a pronounced increase in grain size that fined upward and landward. The recent foraminifera preserved in the sandy facies of the deposit are rare and showed evidence of prolonged subaerial exposure (e.g. pitting, corrosion, fragmentation). Recent foraminifera likely originated from coastal dune and beach sediments that were breached by the tsunami. Calcified and sediment in-filled, fossil foraminifera are abundant and were eroded from sedimentary units and transported by fluvial or wave activity to Sendai Bay. Trends associated with test size (e.g. decreasing concentration of large test sizes with distance inland) are in agreement with grain size data. At two locations a decrease in total organic carbon and an increase in delta C-13 were found in the tsunami sand compared with the underlying soil, supporting a beach to intertidal origin for the upper unit. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pilarczyk, Jessica E.; Horton, Benjamin P.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Pilarczyk, Jessica E.; Chague-Goff, Catherine; Goff, James] Univ New S Wales, Australia Pacific Tsunami Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Witter, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Vane, Christopher H.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG92BY, England. [Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. RP Pilarczyk, JE (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 240 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jpilar@sas.upenn.edu RI Vane, Christopher/A-8814-2008 OI Vane, Christopher/0000-0002-8150-3640 FU UNESCO-IOC; The U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation award [EAR-0842728] FX Members of the UNESCO-IOC (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission) team to Japan provided samples and guidance. Among them we especially thank Kazuhisa Goto and Bruce Jaffe for their involvement in executing this field survey. We also thank Daisuke Sugawara, Yuichi Nishimura and Shigehiro Fujino for their assistance while on site in Japan, Kazuhisa Goto for providing survey data and Doug Jerolmack for the use of his camsizer. C. Vane publishes with the permission of the Executive Director, British Geological Survey (NERC). The work was supported in part by UNESCO-IOC, The U.S. Geological Survey and a National Science Foundation award (EAR-0842728). This paper is a contribution to IGCP 588. NR 79 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 2012 VL 282 BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.08.011 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA 069YR UT WOS:000313473500007 ER PT J AU Jaffe, BE Goto, K Sugawara, D Richmond, BM Fujino, S Nishimura, Y AF Jaffe, Bruce E. Goto, Kazuhisa Sugawara, Daisuke Richmond, Bruce M. Fujino, Shige Nishimura, Yuichi TI Flow speed estimated by inverse modeling of sandy tsunami deposits: results from the 11 March 2011 tsunami on the coastal plain near the Sendai Airport, Honshu, Japan SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Sediment transport; Japan; Inverse model; Suspension; Grading ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; DECEMBER 2004 TSUNAMI; HYDRODYNAMIC IMPLICATIONS; GRAIN-SIZE; SEDIMENT; THAILAND; INDONESIA; ROUGHNESS; SEQUENCE; OUTFLOW AB Tsunami deposits contain information about the flow that created them which can be interpreted to estimate tsunami magnitude. Sandy deposits near Sendai Airport are modeled using an inverse sediment transport model to explore the spatial and temporal variation of tsunami flow speed in the 11 March 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami. The 2011 deposits contain grain-size signatures of both sediment transport convergences and sediment settling out of suspension. Sediment transport convergences form massive or inversely graded intervals. Sediment falling out of suspension forms a specific type of normal grading, termed suspension grading. The Jaffe and Gelfenbaum (2007) inverse sediment transport model, which relates the thickness and bulk grain size of suspension-graded intervals to tsunami flow speed, was applied to 24 suspension-graded intervals, ranging in thickness from 2 to 4 cm, at 7 trenches located from about 250 to 1350 m inland from the shoreline. Modeled tsunami flow speeds range from 2.2 to 9.0 m/s, and were strongly dependent on the choice of Manning's n roughness parameterization. Flow speeds were highest from about 75-300 m landward of the forested sand dunes where the tsunami encountered lower roughness in a low-lying area as it traveled downslope, and decreased by 16% as the tsunami moved inland over the subsequent 596 m. As many as 5 suspension-graded intervals, interpreted as forming during the onshore flow of up to 5 waves, were identified at each location, with a tendency for an inland decrease in the number of suspension-graded intervals suggesting fewer waves inland. Tsunami flows tended to be fastest in the lower two intervals (earlier waves) and slowest in the uppermost interval (last wave) of the deposits. Modeled reconstructions of the suspension-graded intervals at a vertical resolution of 1-cm reproduced observed upward fining of the distributions reasonably well, supporting the use of the inverse model. Estimates of the time required to form 99% of the thickness of the suspension-graded intervals ranged 2 to 5 min, allowing that sediment falling from suspension could have formed these portions of the deposits in the time between waves. Application of the inverse model to determine paleotsunami flow speeds from deposits, although now possible, is complicated by uncertainty in roughness. As inverse approaches to estimating roughness and tsunami flow speed improve, the magnitude of paleotsunamis will be better understood and the ability to assess tsunami hazard from paleotsunami deposits will improve. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jaffe, Bruce E.; Richmond, Bruce M.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Goto, Kazuhisa] Chiba Inst Technol, Planetary Explorat Res Ctr, Chiba 2750016, Japan. [Goto, Kazuhisa; Sugawara, Daisuke] Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Fujino, Shige] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan. [Nishimura, Yuichi] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Jaffe, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM bjaffe@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Fujino, Shigehiro /C-8846-2014 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Fujino, Shigehiro /0000-0003-2415-9764 FU US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Tohoku University FX The US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program funded BEJ's and BMR's portion of this work, which is part of the "Tsunami Hazards, Modeling, and the Sedimentary Record" project. This research was also supported by a research grant from Tohoku University for an emergency field survey following the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami (KG and DS). This paper was improved by reviews from Jon Woodruf and Robert Weiss. Steve Watt expertly prepared the figures. We also wish to thank UNESCO-IOC and ITIC for their help in coordinating the international field survey. NR 77 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 2012 VL 282 BP 90 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.09.002 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA 069YR UT WOS:000313473500008 ER PT J AU Tappin, DR Evans, HM Jordan, CJ Richmond, B Sugawara, D Goto, K AF Tappin, David R. Evans, Hannah M. Jordan, Colm J. Richmond, Bruce Sugawara, Daisuke Goto, Kazuhisa TI Coastal changes in the Sendai area from the impact of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami: Interpretations of time series satellite images, helicopter-borne video footage and field observations SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Japan; Tsunami; Coastal change; Satellite imagery; Tsunami walls; Video ID EARTHQUAKE; THAILAND; JAPAN AB A combination of time-series satellite imagery, helicopter-borne video footage and field observation is used to identify the impact of a major tsunami on a low-lying coastal zone located in eastern Japan. A comparison is made between the coast protected by armoured 'engineered' sea walls and the coast without. Changes are mapped from before and after imagery, and sedimentary processes identified from the video footage. The results are validated by field observations. The impact along a 'natural' coast, with minimal defences, is erosion focussed on the back beach. Along coasts with hard engineered protection constructed to defend against erosion, the presence of three to six metre high concrete-faced embankments results in severe erosion on their landward faces. The erosion is due to the tsunami wave accelerating through a hydraulic jump as it passes over the embankment, resulting in the formation of a ditch into which the foundations collapse. Engineered coastal defences are thus found to be small defence against highly energetic tsunami waves that overtop them. There is little erosion (or sedimentation) of the whole beach, and where active, it mainly forms V-shaped channels. These channels are probably initiated during tsunami inflow and then further developed during tsunami backflow. Tsunami backflow on such a low lying area takes place energetically as sheet flow immediately after tsunami flooding has ceased. Subsequently, when the water level landward of the coastal dune ridges falls below their elevation, flow becomes confined to rivers and breaches in the coast formed during tsunami inflow. Enigmatic, short lived, 'strand lines' are attributed to the slow fall of sea level after such a major tsunami. Immediately after the tsunami coastal reconstruction begins, sourced from the sediment recently flushed into the sea by tsunami backflow. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tappin, David R.; Evans, Hannah M.; Jordan, Colm J.] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Richmond, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Sugawara, Daisuke] Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Goto, Kazuhisa] Chiba Inst Technol, Planetary Explorat Res Ctr, Chiba 2750016, Japan. RP Tappin, DR (reprint author), British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. EM drta@bgs.ac.uk RI Tappin, David/H-7010-2013; Jordan, Colm/B-3946-2011 OI Jordan, Colm/0000-0002-0624-6496 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 EI 1879-0968 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 2012 VL 282 BP 151 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.09.011 PG 24 WC Geology SC Geology GA 069YR UT WOS:000313473500012 ER PT J AU Wilson, R Davenport, C Jaffe, B AF Wilson, Rick Davenport, Clif Jaffe, Bruce TI Sediment scour and deposition within harbors in California (USA), caused by the March 11, 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; California; Maritime; Sedimentation; Damage; Strong currents AB Tsunamis have caused significant damage to boats and docks within harbors and ports along the California coast. Sediment scour and deposition within harbors by tsunamis, though not extensively studied, have produced long-term impacts to the recovery and resiliency of affected maritime communities. The March 11, 2011 Tohoku-oki teletsunami generated strong tsunami currents (up to 7 m/s, or 14 kn) within Crescent City and Santa Cruz harbors that triggered sedimentation problems, regulatory issues with sediment disposal, and months of delays in the reconstruction process. Evaluation of video, pre- and post-tsunami bathymetric surveys, and harbor sediment analysis data helped develop a better understanding of tsunami flow regime and sediment transport within these harbors. In Crescent City, the scour effects of large tsunami surges were amplified by the narrow entrance to the Small-Boat Basin, increasing the sediment supply and trapping this material within the basin, causing shoaling that made the harbor unusable and creating long-term disposal issues. Within the entire harbor, at least 289,400 m(3) of sediment was scoured in an area of 0.67 km(2). A minimum fill volume of 154,600 m(3) was calculated with the sediment covering 55% of that portion of the harbor included in the bathymetric surveys. In Santa Cruz, the long, constricting layout and shallow nature of the harbor increased current velocities and scour in confined areas, and exacerbated sedimentation in between and beneath docks. At the harbor entrance, estimated scour volumes range from 2550 to 14,800 m(3), and fill estimates range from 120 to 8750 m(3), depending upon the surveys used to characterize post-tsunami conditions, while the area of deposition ranges from 6 to 64% of the survey overlap areas. About 83 m(3) of sediment was scoured in Santa Cruz North Harbor, while a minimum of 75 m(3) was deposited across 50% of that portion of the harbor common to pre- and post-tsunami surveys. Fill estimates are considered minimums, due to sediment deposited in locales not covered by the various surveys. In general, the southern part of the harbor near the entrance jetties was erosional while most of the northern part of the harbor was depositional. Analyses of tsunami currents observed on videos collected during the tsunami provide excellent support for the bathymetric change analyses, and together the two lines of evidence provide a means to predict flow patterns and areas at risk of damage from the tsunami by assessing harbor dimensions and layout, and analyzing observations/video from past tsunamis. Reducing constrictions and deepening channels within harbors would greatly reduce tsunami current speeds and the potential for scour. The maritime community and state regulatory agencies should work together to streamline the review process to assist recovery efforts after significant tsunamis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wilson, Rick] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Davenport, Clif] Calif Geol Survey, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. [Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Wilson, R (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St,MS 12-31, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM Rick.Wilson@conservation.ca.gov; Clif.Davenport@conservation.ca.gov; bjaffe@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 FU NOAA; National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program; Federal Emergency Management Agency FX The authors would like to thank the NOAA, the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency for supporting tsunami hazard mitigation and response activities in California. Thanks also to the California Geological Survey, NOAA-NWS Warning Coordination Meteorologists, the California Harbor Master and Port Captain Association, the California Coastal Commission, and the state and county emergency managers who are part of the California Tsunami Program Steering Committee for their participation in post-event questionnaires and surveys. Without the contributions made by Crescent City Harbormaster Rich Young and Santa Cruz Harbormaster Chuck Izenstark, this evaluation could not have been made. The USACE and Ms. Alyssa Moore deserve a special thank you for converting their dredging surveys from all harbors in California to ArcGIS Geodatabase format for our use in this and future studies, and for ongoing advice with analytical techniques. Also appreciated are NOAA's and the USGS's (David Finlayson, lead) provision of their gridded harbor survey data for use in this project. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 2012 VL 282 BP 228 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.06.001 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA 069YR UT WOS:000313473500017 ER PT J AU Swain, E AF Swain, Eric TI Stochastic analyses to identify wellfield withdrawal effects on surface-water and groundwater in Miami-Dade County, Florida SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wellfield; Statistical correlation; Canal; Surface-subsurface interactions ID RIVER AB Several stochastic analyses were conducted in Miami-Dade County, Florida, to evaluate the effects of wellfield withdrawal on aquifer water levels, canal stage, and canal flow. Multiyear data for withdrawals at four water-supply wellfields, water levels at the S-121 canal control structure and groundwater head at a nearby monitoring well were used to determine the interrelation between wellfield withdrawals and water levels in the canal and aquifer. A spectral analysis was performed first on the wellfield withdrawals, showing similar patterns of fluctuations, but no well-defined seasonality. In order to compare water-level response with withdrawals at each wellfield, the intercorrelation effects between wellfields was removed through a 'causal chain' approach where the inter-wellfield correlation is used to isolate the wellfield/water-level correlation. Most computed correlations have magnitudes less than 5 percent, but with statistical significance above 90 percent. Results indicate that withdrawals from the wellfields most distant from the canal had no significant correlation to the canal levels. However the highest correlation was not at the wellfield closest to the canal, but at the two wellfields at the intermediate distance that have higher withdrawal rates. The hydraulic interconnectivity of the canal with the rest of the canal network, covering the study area, allows the canal equalizes with all connected canals. This explains why proximity to a particular canal location does not appear to be as important a factor as the withdrawal rate. Groundwater levels are more highly correlated to a wellfield on the same side of the canal, and to pumping wells in the same wellfield on the same side of the canal. This indicates that canals are an effective barrier and source/sink for the groundwater. Further nonlinear correlation analysis indicates that high withdrawal rates disproportionally affect water levels and are the predominant effect on the canal. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Swain, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, 7500 SW 36th St, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM edswain@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC 30 PY 2012 VL 113 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.033 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065MQ UT WOS:000313153000003 PM 22996000 ER PT J AU Price, OE Bradstock, RA Keeley, JE Syphard, AD AF Price, Owen E. Bradstock, Ross A. Keeley, Jon E. Syphard, Alexandra D. TI The impact of antecedent fire area on burned area in southern California coastal ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Leverage; Prescribed fire; Fire management; Risk management; Chaparral; Santa Ana ID WESTERN ARNHEM-LAND; FUEL AGE; SYDNEY REGION; HAZARD REDUCTION; AUSTRALIA; REGIMES; WILDFIRES; WEATHER; EVENTS; FOREST AB Frequent wildfire disasters in southern California highlight the need for risk reduction strategies for the region, of which fuel reduction via prescribed burning is one option. However, there is no consensus about the effectiveness of prescribed fire in reducing the area of wildfire. Here, we use 29 years of historical fire mapping to quantify the relationship between annual wildfire area and antecedent fire area in predominantly shrub and grassland fuels in seven southern California counties, controlling for annual variation in weather patterns. This method has been used elsewhere to measure leverage: the reduction in wildfire area resulting from one unit of prescribed fire treatment. We found little evidence for a leverage effect (leverage = zero). Specifically our results showed no evidence that wildfire area was negatively influenced by previous fires, and only weak relationships with weather variables rainfall and Santa Ana wind occurrences, which were variables included to control for inter-annual variation. We conclude that this is because only 2% of the vegetation burns each year and so wildfires rarely encounter burned patches and chaparral shrublands can carry a fire within 1 or 2 years after previous fire. Prescribed burning is unlikely to have much influence on fire regimes in this area, though targeted treatment at the urban interface may be effective at providing defensible space for protecting assets. These results fit an emerging global model of fire leverage which position California at the bottom end of a continuum, with tropical savannas at the top (leverage = 1: direct replacement of wildfire by prescribed fire) and Australian eucalypt forests in the middle (leverage similar to 0.25). (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Price, Owen E.; Bradstock, Ross A.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Environm Risk Management Bushfire, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. RP Price, OE (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Ctr Environm Risk Management Bushfire, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM oprice@uow.edu.au FU Rural Fire Service of NSW (Australia); US Geological Survey (through the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project) FX This research was funded by the Rural Fire Service of NSW (Australia) and the US Geological Survey (through the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project). We would like to thank Robert Taylor from the Santa Monica Mountains National Park Service for assistance with data. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 70 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC 30 PY 2012 VL 113 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.042 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065MQ UT WOS:000313153000032 PM 23064248 ER PT J AU Johnson, MS Caccavale, PD Randklev, CR Gibson, JR AF Johnson, Matthew S. Caccavale, Patricia D. Randklev, Charles R. Gibson, James R. TI New and confirmed fish hosts for the threatened freshwater mussel Lampsilis bracteata (Gould, 1855), the Texas Fatmucket (Bivalvia: Unionidae) SO NAUTILUS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Johnson, Matthew S.; Randklev, Charles R.] Texas A&M Inst Renewable Nat Resources, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Caccavale, Patricia D.; Gibson, James R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Johnson, MS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM msjhnsn@vt.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU BAILEY-MATTHEWS SHELL MUSEUM PI SANIBEL PA C/O DR JOSE H LEAL, ASSOCIATE/MANAGING EDITOR, 3075 SANIBEL-CAPTIVA RD, SANIBEL, FL 33957 USA SN 0028-1344 J9 NAUTILUS JI Nautilus PD DEC 28 PY 2012 VL 126 IS 4 BP 148 EP 149 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 067NL UT WOS:000313301900005 ER PT J AU Lovy, J Lewis, NL Hershberger, PK Bennett, W Meyers, TR Garver, KA AF Lovy, J. Lewis, N. L. Hershberger, P. K. Bennett, W. Meyers, T. R. Garver, K. A. TI Viral tropism and pathology associated with viral hemorrhagic septicemia in larval and juvenile Pacific herring SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Herring; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia; VHS; Histopathology; Virus tropism ID NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; RAINBOW-TROUT; VIRUS VHSV; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; WATERBORNE INFECTION; MATRIX INTERACTIONS; CLUPEA-PALLASII; FATHEAD MINNOW; MARINE FISH AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotype IVa causes mass mortality in wild Pacific herring, a species of economic value, in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Young of the year herring are particularly susceptible and can be carriers of the virus. To understand its pathogenesis, tissue and cellular tropisms of VHSV in larval and juvenile Pacific herring were investigated with immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and viral tissue titer. In larval herring, early viral tropism for epithelial tissues (6 d post-exposure) was indicated by foci of epidermal thickening that contained heavy concentrations of virus. This was followed by a cellular tropism for fibroblasts within the fin bases and the dermis, but expanded to cells of the kidney, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract and meninges in the brain. Among wild juvenile herring that underwent a VHS epizootic in the laboratory, the disease was characterized by acute and chronic phases of death. Fish that died during the acute phase had systemic infections in tissues including the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, kidney, liver, and meninges. The disease then transitioned into a chronic phase that was characterized by the appearance of neurological signs including erratic and corkscrew swimming and darkening of the dorsal skin. During the chronic phase viral persistence occurred in nervous tissues including meninges and brain parenchymal cells and in one case in peripheral nerves, while virus was mostly cleared from the other tissues. The results demonstrate the varying VHSV tropisms dependent on the timing of infection and the importance of neural tissues for the persistence and perpetuation of chronic infections in Pacific herring. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lovy, J.] Herring Conservat & Res Soc, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6M4, Canada. [Lovy, J.; Lewis, N. L.; Bennett, W.; Garver, K. A.] Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Hershberger, P. K.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Meyers, T. R.] Dept Fish & Game, Juneau Fish Pathol Lab, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. RP Lovy, J (reprint author), NJ Div Fish & Wildlife, 605 Pequest Rd, Oxford, NJ 07863 USA. EM Jan.Lovy@dep.state.nj.us FU Herring Conservation and Research Society; Fisheries and Oceans Canada Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Development Program FX The authors are grateful for the assistance of Lorena Hamer (Herring Conservation and Research Society), whose careful planning and organization with Doug Henderson provided live fish for this study. We would also like to thank Laura Hawley, Jon Richard, Paulina Piesik, Jay Ross, and Sheena Morrison for their contributions in the laboratory and Holly Hicklin and Robert Kennedy in the aquatics facility for their care of the larval herring. Funding was supported by the Herring Conservation and Research Society as well as the Fisheries and Oceans Canada Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. or Canadian Governments. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 28 PY 2012 VL 161 IS 1-2 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.07.020 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 060GY UT WOS:000312765700009 PM 22857977 ER PT J AU Fetherman, ER Winkelman, DL Schisler, GJ Antolin, MF AF Fetherman, Eric R. Winkelman, Dana L. Schisler, George J. Antolin, Michael F. TI Genetic basis of differences in myxospore count between whirling disease-resistant and -susceptible strains of rainbow trout SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Myxobolus cerebralis; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Parasite; Salmonid; Heritability; Quantitative genetics ID MICROSATELLITE LINKAGE MAP; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; INFECTION; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE; EXPOSURE; CROSSES; FISHES AB We used a quantitative genetics approach and estimated broad sense heritability (h(b)(2)) of myxospore count and the number of genes involved in myxospore formation to gain a better understanding of how resistance to Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite responsible for whirling disease, is inherited in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. An M. cerebralis-resistant strain of rainbow trout, the German Rainbow (GR), and a wild, susceptible strain of rainbow trout, the Colorado River Rainbow (CRR), were spawned to create 3 intermediate crossed populations (an F1 cross, F2 intercross, and a B2 backcross between the F1 and the CRR). Within each strain or cross, h(b)(2) was estimated from the between-family variance of myxospore counts using full-sibling families. Estimates of h(b)(2) and average myxospore counts were lowest in the GR strain, F1 cross, and F2 intercross (h(b)(2) = 0.34, 0.42, and 0.34; myxospores fish(-1) = 275, 9566, and 45 780, respectively), and highest in the B2 backcross and CRR strain (h(b)(2) = 0.93 and 0.89; myxospores fish(-1) = 97 865 and 187 595, respectively). Comparison of means and a joint-scaling test suggest that resistance alleles arising from the GR strain are dominant to susceptible alleles from the CRR strain. Resistance was retained in the intermediate crosses but decreased as filial generation number increased (F2) or backcrossing occurred (B2). The estimated number of segregating loci responsible for differences in myxospore count in the parental strains was 9 +/- 5. Our results indicate that resistance to M. cerebralis is a heritable trait within these populations and would respond to either artificial selection in hatcheries or natural selection in the wild. C1 [Fetherman, Eric R.; Schisler, George J.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Winkelman, Dana L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fetherman, ER (reprint author), Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 W Prospect St, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM eric.fetherman@state.co.us FU Whirling Disease Foundation; Colorado Division of Wildlife; Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Colorado State University; National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in Durham, NC FX This work was sponsored in part by the Whirling Disease Foundation, the Colorado Division of Wildlife, and the Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Colorado State University. We thank T. McDowell and R. Hedrick of the University of California-Davis, and R. B. Nehring of the Colorado Division of Wildlife, for providing triactinomyxons for the experimental exposures; P. Schler and A. Avalos at the Colorado Division of Wildlife Bellevue Fish Research Hatchery, for helping with brood stock and strain development; and A. Zamora, B. Lankriet, and M. Catanese for laboratory assistance. M.F.A. was supported as a Sabbatical Scholar by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in Durham, NC, during part of this work. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 27 PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.3354/dao02543 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 060MN UT WOS:000312782500002 PM 23269384 ER PT J AU Naiman, RJ Alldredge, JR Beauchamp, DA Bisson, PA Congleton, J Henny, CJ Huntly, N Lamberson, R Levings, C Merrill, EN Pearcy, WG Rieman, BE Ruggerone, GT Scarnecchia, D Smouse, PE Wood, CC AF Naiman, Robert J. Alldredge, J. Richard Beauchamp, David A. Bisson, Peter A. Congleton, James Henny, Charles J. Huntly, Nancy Lamberson, Roland Levings, Colin Merrill, Erik N. Pearcy, William G. Rieman, Bruce E. Ruggerone, Gregory T. Scarnecchia, Dennis Smouse, Peter E. Wood, Chris C. TI Developing a broader scientific foundation for river restoration: Columbia River food webs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; ABUNDANCE AB Well-functioning food webs are fundamental for sustaining rivers as ecosystems and maintaining associated aquatic and terrestrial communities. The current emphasis on restoring habitat structure-without explicitly considering food webs-has been less successful than hoped in terms of enhancing the status of targeted species and often overlooks important constraints on ecologically effective restoration. We identify three priority food web-related issues that potentially impede successful river restoration: uncertainty about habitat carrying capacity, proliferation of chemicals and contaminants, and emergence of hybrid food webs containing a mixture of native and invasive species. Additionally, there is the need to place these food web considerations in a broad temporal and spatial framework by understanding the consequences of altered nutrient, organic matter (energy), water, and thermal sources and flows, reconnecting critical habitats and their food webs, and restoring for changing environments. As an illustration, we discuss how the Columbia River Basin, site of one of the largest aquatic/riparian restoration programs in the United States, would benefit from implementing a food web perspective. A food web perspective for the Columbia River would complement ongoing approaches and enhance the ability to meet the vision and legal obligations of the US Endangered Species Act, the Northwest Power Act (Fish and Wildlife Program), and federal treaties with Northwest Indian Tribes while meeting fundamental needs for improved river management. C1 [Naiman, Robert J.; Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Naiman, Robert J.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Excellence Nat Resource Management, Albany, WA 6330, Australia. [Alldredge, J. Richard] Washington State Univ, Dept Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bisson, Peter A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Congleton, James] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Henny, Charles J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Huntly, Nancy] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Huntly, Nancy] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lamberson, Roland] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Levings, Colin] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. [Levings, Colin] Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Merrill, Erik N.] NW Power & Conservat Council, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Pearcy, William G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA. [Ruggerone, Gregory T.] Nat Resources Consultants, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Scarnecchia, Dennis] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Smouse, Peter E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Wood, Chris C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Naiman, RJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM naiman@uw.edu OI Huntly, Nancy/0000-0001-6051-6365 NR 74 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 8 U2 148 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 26 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 52 BP 21201 EP 21207 DI 10.1073/pnas.1213408109 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 071WR UT WOS:000313627700024 PM 23197837 ER PT J AU Vittecoq, M Lafferty, KD Elguero, E Brodeur, J Gauthier-Clerc, M Misse, D Roche, B Thomas, F AF Vittecoq, Marion Lafferty, Kevin D. Elguero, Eric Brodeur, Jacques Gauthier-Clerc, Michel Misse, Dorothee Roche, Benjamin Thomas, Frederic TI Cat ownership is neither a strong predictor of Toxoplasma gondii infection nor a risk factor for brain cancer Reply SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter C1 [Vittecoq, Marion; Elguero, Eric; Misse, Dorothee; Roche, Benjamin; Thomas, Frederic] MIVEGEC UMR CNRS IRD UM1, IRD, F-34394 Montpellier 5, France. [Vittecoq, Marion; Gauthier-Clerc, Michel] Ctr Rech Tour Valat, F-13200 Arles, France. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brodeur, Jacques] Univ Montreal, IRBV, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H1X 2B2, Canada. [Roche, Benjamin] UMMISCO UM1 IRD UPMC, F-93143 Bondy, France. [Thomas, Frederic] Univ Montpellier 2, CREEC, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. RP Thomas, F (reprint author), MIVEGEC UMR CNRS IRD UM1, IRD, 911 Ave Agropolis,BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier 5, France. EM frederic.thomas2@ird.fr RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; MISSE, DOROTHEE/A-7590-2012 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; MISSE, DOROTHEE/0000-0002-6485-3841 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1042 EP 1042 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0625 PG 1 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 036KP UT WOS:000311025100040 ER PT J AU Bartholomaus, TC Larsen, CF O'Neel, S West, ME AF Bartholomaus, T. C. Larsen, C. F. O'Neel, S. West, M. E. TI Calving seismicity from iceberg-sea surface interactions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID IRREGULARLY SHAPED PARTICLES; VERTICAL WATER ENTRY; STICK-SLIP MOTION; ICY BAY; GLACIAL EARTHQUAKES; TIDEWATER GLACIERS; ALASKA; ICEQUAKES; USA; ANTARCTICA AB Iceberg calving is known to release substantial seismic energy, but little is known about the specific mechanisms that produce calving icequakes. At Yahtse Glacier, a tidewater glacier on the Gulf of Alaska, we draw upon a local network of seismometers and focus on 80 hours of concurrent, direct observation of the terminus to show that calving is the dominant source of seismicity. To elucidate seismogenic mechanisms, we synchronized video and seismograms to reveal that the majority of seismic energy is produced during iceberg interactions with the sea surface. Icequake peak amplitudes coincide with the emergence of high velocity jets of water and ice from the fjord after the complete submergence of falling icebergs below sea level. These icequakes have dominant frequencies between 1 and 3 Hz. Detachment of an iceberg from the terminus produces comparatively weak seismic waves at frequencies between 5 and 20 Hz. Our observations allow us to suggest that the most powerful sources of calving icequakes at Yahtse Glacier include iceberg-sea surface impact, deceleration under the influence of drag and buoyancy, and cavitation. Numerical simulations of seismogenesis during iceberg-sea surface interactions support our observational evidence. Our new understanding of iceberg-sea surface interactions allows us to reattribute the sources of calving seismicity identified in earlier studies and offer guidance for the future use of seismology in monitoring iceberg calving. Citation: Bartholomaus, T. C., C. F. Larsen, S. O'Neel, and M. E. West (2012), Calving seismicity from iceberg-sea surface interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 117, F04029, doi:10.1029/2012JF002513. C1 [Bartholomaus, T. C.; Larsen, C. F.; West, M. E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bartholomaus, T. C.; O'Neel, S.; West, M. E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [O'Neel, S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Bartholomaus, TC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tbartholomaus@gi.alaska.edu RI Bartholomaus, Timothy/C-1781-2015 OI Bartholomaus, Timothy/0000-0002-1470-6720 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0810313]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program; Department of the Interior Climate Science Center FX This study was made possible by the National Science Foundation, through grant EAR-0810313. Additional funding is from USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program and Department of the Interior Climate Science Center. Jeff Aristoff, Channon Price and Wendy Zhang offered insight and enlightening conversation regarding hydrodynamics. Joshua Carmichael, Seth Moran, Victor Tsai, an anonymous reviewer, and our scientific editor, Jeremy Bassis, contributed thorough and constructive reviews. Sophie Gilbert illustrated Figure 1. Justin Rich assisted with the preparation of Figure 2. Expert air support was from pilots Tony Oney and Paul Claus. David Conner and Jared Steyaert assisted with the calving observer record. PASSCAL and UNAVCO provided seismic and geodetic instruments for this work. The Wrangell Mountains Center, McCarthy, AK, provided logistical assistance. The GISMO toolbox significantly facilitated the manipulation and plotting of seismic data [Reyes and West, 2011]. We gratefully thank all of the people who contributed to help make this work happen. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC 22 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F04029 DI 10.1029/2012JF002513 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 060ZO UT WOS:000312817100001 ER PT J AU King, JN AF King, J. N. TI Synthesis of benthic flux components in the Patos Lagoon coastal zone, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; PORE-WATER EXCHANGE; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SUBTIDAL PUMP; DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT; RN-222; DRIVEN; INPUT AB The primary objective of this work is to synthesize components of benthic flux in the Patos Lagoon coastal zone, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Specifically, the component of benthic discharge flux forced by the terrestrial hydraulic gradient is 0.8 m(3) d(-1); components of benthic discharge and recharge flux associated with the groundwater tidal prism are both 2.1 m(3) d(-1); components of benthic discharge and recharge flux forced by surface-gravity wave setup are both 6.3 m(3) d(-1); the component of benthic discharge flux that transports radium-228 is 350 m(3) d(-1); and components of benthic discharge and recharge flux forced by surface-gravity waves propagating over a porous medium are both 1400 m(3) d(-1). (All models are normalized per meter shoreline.) Benthic flux is a function of components forced by individual mechanisms and nonlinear interactions that exist between components. Constructive and destructive interference may enhance or diminish the contribution of benthic flux components. It may not be possible to model benthic flux by summing component magnitudes. Geochemical tracer techniques may not accurately model benthic discharge flux or submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). A conceptual model provides a framework on which to quantitatively characterize benthic discharge flux and SGD with a multifaceted approach. Citation: King, J. N. (2012), Synthesis of benthic flux components in the Patos Lagoon coastal zone, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Water Resour. Res., 48, W12530, doi:10.1029/2011WR011477. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP King, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, 7500 SW 36th St, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM jking@usgs.gov RI King, Jeffrey/B-2627-2009 OI King, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1911-2654 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area FX Conversations with a number of leading SGD investigators at both the 2010 AGU Meeting of the Americas in Brazil and the 2010 AGU Fall Meeting, and comments from the editor, associate editor, Arturo Torres, W. Barclay Shoemaker, and four anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. The U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, partially funded this work. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 64 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 22 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W12530 DI 10.1029/2011WR011477 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 061AK UT WOS:000312819300001 ER PT J AU Rudolph, ML Manga, M Hurwitz, S Johnston, M Karlstrom, L Wang, CY AF Rudolph, M. L. Manga, M. Hurwitz, S. Johnston, M. Karlstrom, L. Wang, C. -Y. TI Mechanics of Old Faithful Geyser, Calistoga, California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; PERIODICITY; DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; ERUPTION; TREMOR; STEAM; WATER AB In order to probe the subsurface dynamics associated with geyser eruptions, we measured ground deformation at Old Faithful Geyser of Calistoga, CA. We present a physical model in which recharge during the period preceding an eruption is driven by pressure differences relative to the aquifer supplying the geyser. The model predicts that pressure and ground deformation are characterized by an exponential function of time, consistent with our observations. The geyser's conduit is connected to a reservoir at a depth of at least 42 m, and pressure changes in the reservoir can produce the observed ground deformations through either a poroelastic or elastic mechanical model. Citation: Rudolph, M. L., M. Manga, S. Hurwitz, M. Johnston, L. Karlstrom, and C.-Y. Wang (2012), Mechanics of Old Faithful Geyser, Calistoga, California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24308, doi:10.1029/2012GL054012. C1 [Rudolph, M. L.; Manga, M.; Karlstrom, L.; Wang, C. -Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hurwitz, S.; Johnston, M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Karlstrom, L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Rudolph, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 307 McCone Hall,Rm 4767, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rudolph@berkeley.edu RI Manga, Michael/D-3847-2013; OI Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 FU USGS Volcano Hazards program; USGS Earthquake Hazards program; NSF grant [EAR-1114184] FX This paper emerged in part from ideas discussed and measurements performed by students in EPS 200 at UC Berkeley in collaboration with USGS Menlo Park. Jennifer Frederick helped make the discharge measurements. Ben Andrews operated the video cameras. Edwin Kite operated the FLIR camera. Zack Geballe and Ian Rose mapped the instrument locations. Fred Murphy and Doug Myren assisted with instrumentation and data loggers. This work could not have been carried out without the generosity and support of the owners of Old Faithful Geyser of Calistoga, CA. Shaul Hurwitz and Malcolm Johnston were supported by the USGS Volcano Hazards and Earthquake Hazards programs, respectively. We thank Sharon Kedar and an anonymous reviewer for their comments. This work was supported in part by NSF grant EAR-1114184. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L24308 DI 10.1029/2012GL054012 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 061UP UT WOS:000312874200001 ER PT J AU Ingebritsen, SE AF Ingebritsen, Steven E. TI Modeling the Formation of Porphyry-Copper Ores SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONTINENTAL-CRUST; PERMEABILITY C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM seingebr@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 21 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6114 BP 1551 EP 1552 DI 10.1126/science.1231706 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 057AE UT WOS:000312533100038 PM 23258882 ER PT J AU Dalba, PA Buratti, BJ Brown, RH Barnes, JW Baines, KH Sotin, C Clark, RN Lawrence, KJ Nicholson, PD AF Dalba, Paul A. Buratti, Bonnie J. Brown, Robert H. Barnes, Jason W. Baines, Kevin H. Sotin, Christophe Clark, Roger N. Lawrence, Kenneth J. Nicholson, Philip D. TI CASSINI VIMS OBSERVATIONS SHOW ETHANE IS PRESENT IN TITAN'S RAINFALL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: individual (Titan); planets and satellites: surfaces ID METHANE CYCLE; SURFACE; RADAR; LAKES; CLOUDS; DUNES AB Observations obtained over two years by the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem suggest that rain showers fall on the surface. Using measurements obtained by the Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer, we identify the main component of the rain to be ethane, with methane as an additional component. We observe five or six probable rainfall events, at least one of which follows a brief equatorial cloud appearance, suggesting that frequent rainstorms occur on Titan. The rainfall evaporates, sublimates, or infiltrates on timescales of months, and in some cases it is associated with fluvial features but not with their creation or alteration. Thus, Titan exhibits frequent "gentle rainfall" instead of, or in addition to, more catastrophic events that cut rivers and lay down large fluvial deposits. Freezing rain may also be present, and the standing liquid may exist as puddles interspersed with patches of frost. The extensive dune deposits found in the equatorial regions of Titan imply multi-season arid conditions there, which are consistent with small, but possibly frequent, amounts of rain, in analogy to terrestrial deserts. C1 [Dalba, Paul A.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.; Sotin, Christophe; Lawrence, Kenneth J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Dalba, PA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM pauldalba@berkeley.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR L24 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/761/2/L24 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 056MP UT WOS:000312494600009 ER PT J AU Mayer, TD AF Mayer, Timothy D. TI Controls of summer stream temperature in the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stream temperature; Surface water/groundwater interactions; Thermal regime; Thermal sensitivity; Baseflow index ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; HYDROGEOLOGIC CONTROLS; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; THERMAL REGIME; RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE; GROUNDWATER; SENSITIVITY; OREGON AB This is a regional study of the landscape, stream, and channel factors that control summer stream temperatures in the Pacific Northwest. The study focusses on two characteristics of stream temperature: the thermal regime, defined as the pattern of seasonal and spatial stream temperature variation in a stream, and the thermal sensitivity, considered here to be the slope of the stream-air temperature relationship. The baseflow index, or degree of groundwater influence in a stream, is hypothesized to be an important regional control of both thermal regime and thermal sensitivity. Weekly stream temperatures were calculated and evaluated at 104 primarily unregulated sites that were geographically distributed across the region. Air temperature and streamflow explained an average of 94% of the variance in annual thermal regimes and 68% of the variance in August thermal regimes at individual sites. Regression results showed that thermal sensitivity to increasing air temperatures was less in summer than at other times of the year. Future climate projections of summer stream temperature, based on thermal sensitivities, are small in comparison to the range of summer stream temperatures that exist across the region. This observation highlights the need to understand summer thermal regimes as well as summer thermal sensitivities when assessing climate change impacts to regional stream temperatures. Multiple regression analysis identified several landscape factors and stream characteristics that explained summer stream temperatures and thermal sensitivities regionally. Two of the most important factors were baseflow index and stream channel slope. Lastly, the summer stream/air temperature ratio of a stream may be useful in assessing existing or expected stream temperature conditions at a site in relation to these factors or in identifying unique environmental conditions or potential restoration needs at a site. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Water Resources Branch, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Mayer, TD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Water Resources Branch, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM tim_mayer@fws.gov NR 50 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 19 PY 2012 VL 475 BP 323 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.10.012 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 075DO UT WOS:000313864200027 ER PT J AU Moench, AF Barlow, PM AF Moench, Allen F. Barlow, Paul M. TI Comment on "Radial flow to a partially penetrating well with storage in an anisotropic confined aquifer" by Phoolendra K. Mishra, Velimir V. Vesselinov and Shlomo P. Neuman, Journal of Hydrology 448-449 (2012) 255-259 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Pumping test; Confined aquifer; Wellbore storage; Laplace transform; Aquifer testing; Anisotropy C1 [Moench, Allen F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barlow, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Moench, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afmoench@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 19 PY 2012 VL 475 BP 502 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.10.001 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 075DO UT WOS:000313864200041 ER PT J AU Hughey, MC Heins, DC Jelks, HL Ory, BA Jordan, F AF Hughey, Myra C. Heins, David C. Jelks, Howard L. Ory, Bridget A. Jordan, Frank TI Variation in Reproductive Life History Traits between Two Populations of Blackbanded Darters (Percina nigrofasciata) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID EGG SIZE VARIATION; ETHEOSTOMA-SPECTABILE; CONSERVATION STATUS; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; BANDED DARTER; CENTRAL TEXAS; CLUTCH SIZE; FRESH-WATER; FISHES; ALABAMA AB We examined the life history of Blackbanded Darters (Percina nigrofasciata) from two streams in the Choctawhatchee River drainage, Florida, over a three-year study period. Blackbanded Darters from Turkey Creek were longer than fish from Ten Mile Creek; however, size-adjusted clutch and egg sizes were similar between populations. Larger females produced larger clutches, whereas egg size did not vary with female body size. Seasonally, clutch sizes were greater in May than in August. When contrasted with previous studies of Blackbanded Darters in Alabama and Louisiana, the reproductive season of Blackbanded Darters in Florida was unusually long, ceasing for only a few months in late fall. The reproductive season was longer in Turkey Creek than in Ten Mile Creek. Differences in thermal regime among streams may explain differences in life history traits among local and distant populations of Blackbanded Darters. This research, alone and in combination with previous studies of this species, emphasizes two main points. First, it reaffirms that life history studies based on a single locality or conducted at a single point in time may fail to capture the full range of variation in life history traits. Second, it highlights the extensive phenotypic variation found in species with broad geographic ranges. Such species lend themselves to comparative and experimental research on patterns and causes of life history variation. C1 [Hughey, Myra C.; Ory, Bridget A.; Jordan, Frank] Loyola Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Hughey, Myra C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Heins, David C.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Jelks, Howard L.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Jordan, F (reprint author), Loyola Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, 6363 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM myrahughey@gmail.com; heins@tulane.edu; hjelks@usgs.gov; bory@lsuhsc.edu; jordan@loyno.edu FU Loyola University New Orleans; U.S. Department of Defense FX This research was derived from undergraduate theses submitted by MCH and BAO in partial fulfillment of Honors Degree of Bachelor's of Science. C. Ralph, M. Guill, and M. Kaintz helped to gather data in the field and laboratory. Research was authorized by Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Scientific Collector's Permits FNE-99-013, FNE-00-013, FNC-01-006, and FNC-02-006 to FJ, Loyola University New Orleans IACUC approval 2011-14 to FJ, and Tulane University IACUC approval 0108-1-16-057 to DH. The Natural Resource Division of Eglin Air Force Base (Jackson Guard) provided logistical support. Mullahy Fund of Loyola University New Orleans and U.S. Department of Defense provided financial support. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 18 PY 2012 IS 4 BP 714 EP 721 DI 10.1643/CI-11-169 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 063DL UT WOS:000312976300015 ER PT J AU Deeds, DA Kulongoski, JT Belitz, K AF Deeds, Daniel A. Kulongoski, Justin T. Belitz, Kenneth TI Assessing California Groundwater Susceptibility Using Trace Concentrations of Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICHLOROETHYLENE AB Twenty-four halogenated volatile organic compounds (hVOCs) and SF6 were measured in groundwater samples collected from 312 wells across California at concentrations as low as 10(-12) grams per kilogram groundwater. The hVOCs detected are predominately anthropogenic (i.e., "ahVOCs") and as such their distribution delineates where groundwaters are impacted and susceptible to human activity. ahVOC detections were broadly consistent with air-saturated water concentrations in equilibrium with a combination of industrial-era global and regional hVOC atmospheric abundances. However, detection of ahVOCs in nearly all of the samples collected, including ancient groundwaters, suggests the presence of a sampling or analytical artifact that confounds interpretation of the very-low concentration ahVOC data. To increase our confidence in ahVOC detections we establish screening levels based on ahVOC concentrations in deep wells drawing ancient groundwater in Owens Valley. Concentrations of ahVOCs below the Owens Valley screening levels account for a large number of the detections in prenuclear groundwater across California without significant loss of ahVOC detections in shallow, recently recharged groundwaters. Over 80% of the groundwaters in this study contain at least one ahVOC after screening, indicating that the footprint of human industry is nearly ubiquitous and that most California groundwaters are vulnerable to contamination from land-surface activities. C1 [Deeds, Daniel A.; Kulongoski, Justin T.; Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Deeds, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. EM ddeeds@usgs.gov OI Kulongoski, Justin/0000-0002-3498-4154 FU California Water Resources Control Board; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank California well owners for allowing access to their wells for the sampling associated with the GAMA Program. We also thank the GAMA sampling teams for collecting groundwater samples for hVOC analyses. This manuscript benefited significantly from the comments of three anonymous reviewers. Funding for this work came from the California Water Resources Control Board and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 18 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 24 BP 13128 EP 13135 DI 10.1021/es303546b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055QT UT WOS:000312432200014 PM 23153122 ER PT J AU Schumann, RR Minor, SA Muhs, DR Groves, LT McGeehin, JP AF Schumann, R. Randall Minor, Scott A. Muhs, Daniel R. Groves, Lindsey T. McGeehin, John P. TI Tectonic influences on the preservation of marine terraces: Old and new evidence from Santa Catalina Island, California SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Santa Catalina Island; Marine terraces; California Channel Islands; River profile; Tectonics; Uplift ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-GUINEA; U-SERIES; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLEMENTE ISLAND; BASIN EVOLUTION AB The California Channel Islands contain some of the best geologic records of past climate and sea-level changes, recorded in uplifted, fossil-bearing marine terrace deposits. Among the eight California Channel Islands and the nearby Palos Verdes Hills, only Santa Catalina Island does not exhibit prominent emergent marine terraces, though the same terrace-forming processes that acted on the other Channel Islands must also have occurred on Santa Catalina. We re-evaluated previous researchers' field evidence and examined new topographic, bathymetric, and stream-profile data in order to find possible explanations for the lack of obvious marine terrace landforms or deposits on the island today. The most likely explanation is associated with the island's unresolved tectonic history, with evidence for both recent uplift and subsidence being offered by different researchers. Bathymetric and seismic reflection data indicate the presence of submerged terrace-like landforms from a few meters below present sea level to depths far exceeding that of the lowest glacial lowstand, suggesting that the Catalina Island block may have subsided, submerging marine terraces that would have formed in the late Quaternary. Similar submerged marine terrace landforms exist offshore of all of the other California Channel Islands, including some at anomalously great depths, but late Quaternary uplift is well documented on those islands. Therefore, such submarine features must be more thoroughly investigated and adequately explained before they can be accepted as definitive evidence of subsidence. Nevertheless, the striking similarity of the terrace-like features around Santa Catalina Island to those surrounding the other, uplifting, Channel Islands prompted us to investigate other lines of evidence of tectonic activity, such as stream profile data. Recent uplift is suggested by disequilibrium stream profiles on the western side of the island, including nickpoints and profile convexities. Rapid uplift is also indicated by the island's highly dissected, steep topography and abundant landslides. A likely cause of uplift is a restraining bend in the offshore Catalina strike-slip fault. Our analysis suggests that Santa Catalina Island has recently experienced, and may still be experiencing, relatively rapid uplift, causing intense landscape rejuvenation that removed nearly all traces of marine terraces by erosion. A similar research approach, incorporating submarine as well as subaerial geomorphic data, could be applied to many tectonically active coastlines in which a marine terrace record appears to be missing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schumann, R. Randall; Minor, Scott A.; Muhs, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Groves, Lindsey T.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Schumann, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rschumann@usgs.gov OI Schumann, Randall/0000-0001-8158-6960 NR 103 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 179 BP 208 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.08.012 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 069SS UT WOS:000313458000015 ER PT J AU Gendaszek, AS Magirl, CS Czuba, CR AF Gendaszek, Andrew S. Magirl, Christopher S. Czuba, Christiana R. TI Geomorphic response to flow regulation and channel and floodplain alteration in the gravel-bedded Cedar River, Washington, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gravel-bedded river; Remote sensing; Channel-forming flows; Fluvial geomorphology; Anthropogenic influences ID WOOD; PROFILES; DYNAMICS; BASINS AB Decadal- to annual-scale analyses of changes to the fluvial form and processes of the Cedar River in Washington State, USA, reveal the effects of flow regulation, bank stabilization, and log-jam removal on a gravel-bedded river in a temperate climate. During the twentieth century, revetments were built along similar to 60% of the lower Cedar River's length and the 2-year return period flow decreased by 47% following flow regulation beginning in 1914. The formerly wide, anastomosing channel narrowed by over 50% from an average of 47 m in 1936 to 23 m in 1989 and became progressively single threaded. Subsequent high flows and localized revetment removal contributed to an increase in mean channel width to about 34 m by 2011. Channel migration rates between 1936 and 2011 were up to 8 m/year in reaches not confined by revetments or valley walls and less than analysis uncertainty throughout most of the Cedar River's length where bank armoring restricted channel movement. In unconfined reaches where large wood and sediment can be recruited, contemporary high flows, though smaller in magnitude than preregulation high flows, form and maintain geomorphic features such as pools, gravel bars, and side channels. Reaches confined by revetments remain mostly unmodified in the regulated flow regime. While high flows are important for maintaining channel dynamics in the Cedar River, their effectiveness is currently reduced by revetments, limited sediment supply, the lack of large wood available for recruitment to the channel, and decreased magnitude since flow regulation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gendaszek, Andrew S.; Magirl, Christopher S.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Czuba, Christiana R.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Gendaszek, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM agendasz@usgs.gov OI Magirl, Christopher/0000-0002-9922-6549 FU Seattle Public Utilities; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors would like to thank Karl Burton and Rand Little of Seattle Public Utilities and the Cedar River Instream Flow Commission for helping to develop themes within this paper, King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks for access to LiDAR and orthoimagery data, and Brian Collins of the University of Washington and River History Project for access to geospatial data. This study was funded under a cooperative agreement between Seattle Public Utilities and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 179 BP 258 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.08.017 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 069SS UT WOS:000313458000019 ER PT J AU VanLandeghem, MM Meyer, MD Cox, SB Sharma, B Patino, R AF VanLandeghem, Matthew M. Meyer, Matthew D. Cox, Stephen B. Sharma, Bibek Patino, Reynaldo TI Spatial and temporal patterns of surface water quality and ichthyotoxicity in urban and rural river basins in Texas SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Water hardness; Ichthyotoxicity; Golden alga; Stormwater; Runoff ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; METAL TOXICITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; ALGAL BLOOMS; FRESH-WATER; NEW-MEXICO; LAND-USE; STREAM AB The Double Mountain Fork Brazos River (Texas, USA) consists of North (NF) and South Forks (SF). The NF receives urban runoff and twice-reclaimed wastewater effluent, whereas the SF flows through primarily rural areas. The objective of this study was to determine and compare associations between standard water quality variables and ichthyotoxicity at a landscape scale that included urban (NF) and rural (SF) sites. Five NF and three SF sites were sampled quarterly from March 2008 to March 2009 for specific conductance, salinity, hardness, pH, temperature, and turbidity; and a zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo bioassay was used to determine ichthyotoxicity. Metal and nutrient concentrations at all sites were also measured in addition to standard water quality variables in spring 2009. Principal component analyses identified hardness, specific conductance, and salinity as the water variables that best differentiate the urban NF (higher levels) from rural SF habitat. Nutrient levels were also higher in the NF, but no landscape scale patterns in metal concentrations were observed. Ichthyotoxicity was generally higher in NF water especially in winter, and multiple regression analyses suggested a positive association between water hardness and ichthyotoxicity. To test for the potential influence of the toxic golden alga (Prymnesium paruum) on overall ichthyotoxicity, a cofactor known to enhance golden alga toxin activity was used in the bioassays. Golden alga ichthyotoxicity was detected in the NF but not the SF, suggesting golden alga may have contributed to overall ichthyotoxicity in the urban but not in the rural system. In conclusion, the physicochemistry of the urban-influenced NF water was conducive to the expression of ichthyotoxicity and also point to water hardness as a novel factor influencing golden alga ichthyotoxicity in surface waters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Meyer, Matthew D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Cox, Stephen B.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [VanLandeghem, Matthew M.; Sharma, Bibek] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Agr Sci Room 218,15th & Boston, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM matt.vanlandeghem@ttu.edu; mattmeyernow@gmail.com; Stephen@researchandtesting.com; bibek.sharma@fmc.com; reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu FU ATT Corporation; Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX Prakash Sharma, Leticia Torres, and Dylan Kuhne provided assistance in the field and laboratory, and Ben Skipper assisted with the retrieval of precipitation data. Dr. Bob Betsill and Dr. Kerry Griffis-Kyle provided comments on a draft manuscript. The AT&T Corporation provided financial support to M. VanLandeghem. Funding for this study was provided by the Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The unit is jointly supported by Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, U.S. Geological Survey, Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 70 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 11 U2 80 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 20 SI SI BP 6638 EP 6651 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 069TL UT WOS:000313459900007 PM 22682267 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, PI Emsbo, P Brett, CE AF McLaughlin, Patrick I. Emsbo, Poul Brett, Carlton E. TI Beyond black shales: The sedimentary and stable isotope records of oceanic anoxic events in a dominantly oxic basin (Silurian; Appalachian Basin, USA) SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Time-specific facies; Valgu Event; Ireviken Event; Chronostratigraphy; Marine authigenesis; Ironstone; Phosphorite; Anoxia; Carbon isotopes; Sequence stratigraphy ID MARINE COMMUNITIES; FORELAND BASIN; LLANDOVERY; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; PENNSYLVANIA; IRONSTONES; DYNAMICS; CONODONT; CYCLES; SWEDEN AB Episodes of instability in the global climato-oceanic system have become the hallmark of the Silurian Period. These events are marked by six large positive carbon isotope excursions associated with major extinctions. The widespread environmental consequences of these perturbations of the global carbon cycle remain poorly documented. A high-resolution chronostratigraphic reconstruction of the Appalachian foreland basin (AFB) provides a framework to evaluate environmental signatures of two of these carbon isotope excursions (Valgu and Ireviken events; Telychian-Sheinwoodian) at a regional scale. Integration of published biostratigraphic range data, mapping of sequence stratigraphic surfaces and facies, and generation of high-resolution carbon isotope profiles for several transects provides precise correlation of the basin stratigraphy yielding a high-resolution temporal framework. This chronostratigraphic reconstruction of the AFB highlights the importance of time-specific facies (TSF) during these intervals. For instance, packages of red, green, and gray marine rocks separately occupied discrete time intervals-cutting across "local" facies belts indicative of shallow to deep marine environments. Similarly, widespread iron mineralization occurred during discreet time slices as "bathtub rings" rimming the margins of the basin. Changes from one time-specific facies to the next are coincident with changes in carbon isotope values, indicating a genetic link between fractionation of the global carbon reservoir and redox changes from generally oxic to anoxic oceanic conditions in parts of the AFB. The basal part of the study interval was deposited during the Valgu Event. This first event begins with an unconformity marking global lowstand. This fall in sea level was coincident with rising carbon isotope values as recorded in adjacent basins. A slight sea level rise and flooding of the subaerial unconformity occurred near the peak in carbon isotope values. Oxidized iron minerals were deposited in a zone that extended from the lower shoreface into the basin center-pinching out into shallower parts of the basin. Thin pyrite-phosphorite-glauconite layers, associated with black shales in the basin center, were deposited over these ferruginous strata. As the event ended and carbon isotope values shifted negatively to a more stable baseline, temperatures warmed, sea level reached a Silurian high, and oxic conditions associated with very low rates of organic carbon (OC) burial were established. These conditions were relatively stable for nearly four million years. This long period of stasis was punctuated by the Ireviken Event, which displays a strikingly similar progression of TSF patterns, yet more intense and longer lived than the preceding Valgu Event. With the first positive shift in carbon isotopes at the onset of the Ireviken Event, the basin redox system changed from largely oxidizing to reducing, coincident with a rapid drop in sea level and an abrupt reappearance of iron mineralization on the basin margins. The sea level fall associated with the shift to peak values of the carbon isotope excursion is marked by the progradation of a significant body of sand well out into the basin. During this sea level drop, conditions in the basin center became highly reducing and periodically sulfidic. Widespread ironstones and ankeritic carbonates were deposited isochronously, rimming the shallow basin margins where they alternated with light gray pyritic shales, indicating fluctuating redox conditions. A large negative carbon isotope excursion of similar to 3 parts per thousand is coincident with a shift from regression to transgression, suggesting glacial melting via methane release. Continued deposition of ironstones through this time interval suggests a primary link to shallow marine redox processes rather than large-scale transgression or regression of the shoreline. The ironstones are overlain by gray to black pyritic shales deposited across all environments, revealing a final stage of redox progression into sustained sulfidic conditions as peak values of the carbon isotope excursion returned to a high stable baseline near +4 parts per thousand. The similar expression of TSFs within the AFB of these two global events demonstrates that fractionation of the global atmospheric and oceanic carbon reservoirs had a predictable, cascading impact on shallow sea floor environments. The associated redox processes reveal the dynamic regional interactions of a shallow oxic epicontinental water mass with a broader anoxic oceanic water mass, providing valuable insight into the origin of some of the largest extinctions in the Silurian Period. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McLaughlin, Patrick I.] Wisconsin Geol & Nat Hist Survey, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Brett, Carlton E.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP McLaughlin, PI (reprint author), Wisconsin Geol & Nat Hist Survey, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM pimclaughlin@wisc.edu FU NSF EAR [0518511] FX This study benefited greatly from discussions of Silurian chronostratigraphy with Brad Cramer and Mark Kleffner. Nicholas Sullivan and James Thomka collected and processed samples from Allenwood and Danville Pennsylvania. Craig Johnson at the US Geological Survey and Greg Cain at the Keck Paleoenvironmental Isotope Lab at the University of Kansas have our deepest gratitude for working closely with us to ensure high quality results of sometimes lithologically tricky carbon isotope samples. Thanks to several individuals for insightful thoughts and comments relating to this study, including Nathan Marshal, Susie Taha McLaughlin, Don Mikulic, Joanne Kluessendorf, Steve Meyers, and Shanan Peters. The manuscript was improved by the thorough reviews of an anonymous reviewer and Axel Munnecke. This research was supported by NSF EAR 0518511 to CEB. This paper is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) 591-The Early to Middle Paleozoic Revolution. NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 367 SI SI BP 153 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.002 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 059EE UT WOS:000312686400014 ER PT J AU Cumming, VM Selby, D Lillis, PG AF Cumming, Vivien M. Selby, David Lillis, Paul G. TI Re-Os geochronology of the lacustrine Green River Formation: Insights into direct depositional dating of lacustrine successions, Re-Os systematics and paleocontinental weathering SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Re-Os geochronology; lacustrine; Green River Formation; Uinta basin; osmium ID ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENTS; OSMIUM ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; UINTA BASIN; U-PB; BLACK SHALE; AR-40/AR-39 GEOCHRONOLOGY; WESTERN CANADA; TIME-SCALE; EOCENE AB Lacustrine sedimentary successions provide exceptionally high-resolution records of continental geological processes, responding to tectonic, climatic and magmatic influences. These successions are therefore essential for correlating geological and climatic phenomena across continents and furthermore the globe. Producing accurate geochronological frameworks within lacustrine strata is challenging because the stratigraphy is often bereft of biostratigraphy and directly dateable tuff horizons. The rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) geochronometer is a well-established tool for determining precise and accurate depositional ages of marine organic-rich rocks. Lake systems with stratified water columns are predisposed to the preservation of organic-rich rocks and thus should permit direct Re-Os geochronology of lacustrine strata. We present Re-Os systematics from one of the world's best documented lacustrine systems, the Eocene Green River Formation, providing accurate Re-Os depositional dates that are supported by Ar-Ar and U-Pb ages of intercalated tuff horizons. Precision of the Green River Formation Re-Os dates is controlled by the variation in initial Os-187/Os-188 and the range of Re-187/Os-188 ratios, as also documented in marine systems. Controls on uptake and fractionation of Re and Os are considered to relate mainly to depositional setting and the type of organic matter deposited, with the need to further understand the chelating precursors of Re and Os in organic matter highlighted. In addition to geochronology, the Re-Os data records the Os-187/Os-188 composition of lake water (1.41-1.54) at the time of deposition, giving an insight into continental runoff derived from weathering of the geological hinterland of the Green River Formation. Such insights enable us to evaluate fluctuations in continental climatic, tectonic and magmatic processes and provide the ability for chemostratigraphic correlation combined with direct depositional dates. Furthermore, initial Os-187/Os-188 values can be used as a diagnostic tool to distinguish between lacustrine and marine depositional settings when compared to known oceanic Os-187/Os-188 values. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cumming, Vivien M.; Selby, David] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Lillis, Paul G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Cumming, VM (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM v.m.cumming@durham.ac.uk FU Lundin Petroleum CeREES PhD scholarship; Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists Norman H. Foster scholarship FX This research was funded by a Lundin Petroleum CeREES PhD scholarship and the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists Norman H. Foster scholarship awarded to VMC. The USGS Core Research Centre is thanked for provision of samples and help with sample collection. Michelle Tuttle is thanked for help with core logs and sample information. Mark Allen, Dick Keefer, Greg Ravizza, Mike Lewan and Brian Marshall are thanked for valuable contributions to previous versions of this manuscript. Katz Suzuki and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 359 BP 194 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.012 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 062MP UT WOS:000312924200020 ER PT J AU Kolden, CA Lutz, JA Key, CH Kane, JT van Wagtendonk, JW AF Kolden, Crystal A. Lutz, James A. Key, Carl H. Kane, Jonathan T. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. TI Mapped versus actual burned area within wildfire perimeters: Characterizing the unburned SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Burn severity; Wildfire; Yosemite; Glacier; Yukon-Charley ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; FIRE SEVERITY; NORTH-AMERICA; CARBON; CALIFORNIA; USA; ECOSYSTEMS AB For decades, wildfire studies have utilized fire occurrence as the primary data source for investigating the causes and effects of wildfire on the landscape. Fire occurrence data fall primarily into two categories: ignition points and perimeter polygons which are used to calculate a 'burned area' for a fire. However, understanding the relationships between climate and fire or between fire and its ecological effects requires an understanding of the burn heterogeneity across the landscape and the area within fire perimeters that remains unburned. This research characterizes unburned areas within fire perimeters, which provide ecological refugia and seed source for post-fire regeneration. We utilized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) data to examine the frequency, extent, and spatial patterns of unburned area in three national parks across the western US (Glacier, Yosemite, and Yukon-Charley Rivers). We characterized unburned area within fire perimeters by fire size and severity, characterized distance to an unburned area across the burned portion of the fire, and investigated patch dynamics of unburned patches within the fire perimeter. From 1984 through 2009, the total area within the fire perimeters that was classified as unburned from dNBR was 37% for Yosemite, 17% for Glacier, and 14% for Yukon-Charley. Variation in unburned area between fires was highest in Yosemite and lowest in Yukon-Charley. The unburned proportion significantly decreased with increasing fire size and severity across all three parks. Unburned patch size increased with size of fire perimeter, but patches decreased in density. There were no temporal trends in unburned area found. These results raise questions about the validity of relationships found between external forcing agents, such as climate, and 'burned area' values derived solely from polygon fire perimeters. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kolden, Crystal A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Lutz, James A.; Kane, Jonathan T.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Key, Carl H.] US Geol Survey, No Rockies Sci Ctr, Glacier, MT USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, El Portal, CA USA. RP Kolden, CA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Box 443021, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ckolden@uidaho.edu RI Lutz, James/B-3785-2012 FU US Geological Survey Global Change research program FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Geological Survey Global Change research program ('Climate change impacts on burn severity in three forest ecoregions of the US'). This manuscript was improved by valuable comments from Dave Selkowitz, Adrian Das, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 69 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 7 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 286 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.020 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 061BR UT WOS:000312822600005 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Chen, J AF Wu, Yiping Chen, Ji TI Modeling of soil erosion and sediment transport in the East River Basin in southern China SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bagnold equation; Sediment transport; Soil erosion; SWAT; Zhang equation ID WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; SWAT MODEL; LAND-USE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLUE NILE; MANAGEMENT; RUNOFF; YIELD; POLLUTION; QUALITY AB Soil erosion is a major global environmental problem that has caused many issues involving land degradation, sedimentation of waterways, ecological degradation, and nonpoint source pollution. Therefore, it is significant to understand the processes of soil erosion and sediment transport along rivers, and this can help identify the erosion prone areas and find potential measures to alleviate the environmental effects. In this study, we investigated soil erosion and identified the most seriously eroded areas in the East River Basin in southern China using a physically-based model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). We also introduced a classical sediment transport method (Zhang) into SWAT and compared it with the built-in Bagnold method in simulating sediment transport process along the river. The derived spatial soil erosion map and land use based erosion levels can explicitly illustrate the identification and prioritization of the critical soil erosion areas in this basin. Our results also indicate that erosion is quite sensitive to soil properties and slope. Comparison of Bagnold and Zhang methods shows that the latter can give an overall better performance especially in tracking the peak and low sediment concentrations along the river. We also found that the East River is mainly characterized by sediment deposition in most of the segments and at most times of a year. Overall, the results presented in this paper can provide decision support for watershed managers about where the best management practices (conservation measures) can be implemented effectively and at low cost. The methods we used in this study can also be of interest in sediment modeling for other basins worldwide. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wu, Yiping; Chen, Ji] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wu, Yiping] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ywu@usgs.gov; jichen@hku.hk RI Chen, Ji/C-1795-2009; Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884 FU HKSAR RGC GRF project [HKU 710910E] FX The financial support for our study came from a HKSAR RGC GRF project (HKU 710910E). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Tiejian Li for providing critical support on sediment transport modeling with the Zhang equation. We thank Claudia Young and Elisabeth Brouwers for comments on the early version of this paper. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their invaluable and constructive comments and suggestions for improving the paper quality. NR 69 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 441 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.057 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058DS UT WOS:000312614900018 PM 23137981 ER PT J AU Johnson, LA Haukos, DA Smith, LM McMurry, ST AF Johnson, Lacrecia A. Haukos, David A. Smith, Loren M. McMurry, Scott T. TI Physical loss and modification of Southern Great Plains playas SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Functional loss; Historical numbers; Playa wetlands; Sediment accretion; Southern Great Plains ID WETLAND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; LAND-USE; USA; REGION AB Playas are the primary wetland system in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) of North America providing critical stopover habitats for migratory birds in the Western Hemisphere. Collectively, these wetlands form the keystone ecosystem in this region supporting biodiversity for North America and provide habitat for native plants and animals that are essential for maintenance of international biological diversity along with other local and regional ecological services. Large-scale landscape changes in this region, primarily as a result of agriculturally-based anthropogenic impacts, threaten playas with functional loss and physical extinction. These impacts are not considered in current estimates of the number of extant functional playas, leading to biased estimates by groups or agencies extrapolating research or monitoring results, conducting conservation planning, and modeling impacts of future climate change. Using a combination of stochastic and empirical data, we identified impacts to playas and playa watersheds and quantified the extent and rate of these impacts relative to physical loss. Only 0.2% of playas had no wetland or watershed modification and we conservatively estimate that 17% of playas recently existing on the landscape no longer are represented by an apparent depression. With the inclusion of sediment volume estimates where >= 100% of the volume of original differentiated playa soil has been filled, 60% or 16,855 playas have been physically lost from the SGP despite a continued presence of a depression. Data also show that small playas are being lost more rapidly than larger ones; the average size (+/-SE) of extant playas has increased from 7.5 +/- 0.47 to 8.5 +/- 0.55 ha. The reduced ecological condition of 95.3% of playas remaining on the landscape exceeds historical predictions of a maximum 85% of playas ever being modified. Given the results of this study these changes can now be accounted for, resulting in more informed management and conservation of playas and bring awareness to the urgency of implementation of effective conservation measures for playas and the species that depend on this keystone ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Smith, Loren M.; McMurry, Scott T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Haukos, DA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dhaukos@ksu.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency; Texas Tech University Department of Natural Resources Management; Playa Lakes Joint Venture (PLJV); United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FX Financial support was provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Texas Tech University Department of Natural Resources Management, Playa Lakes Joint Venture (PLJV), and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Results and conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. We greatly appreciate the GIS data contributions of PLJV and USFWS. We especially thank K. Mulligan, L. Barbato, and the Center for Geospatial Technology at Texas Tech University for assistance with NWI data. N. McIntyre and K. Mulligan provided comments on previous versions of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 112 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.07.014 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 038QD UT WOS:000311188300028 PM 22935647 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Dohm, JM Williams, JP Ruiz, J Hare, TM Hasebe, N Karouji, Y Kobayashi, S Hareyama, M Shibamura, E Kobayashi, M d'Uston, C Gasnault, O Forni, O Maurice, S AF Kim, Kyeong Ja Dohm, James M. Williams, Jean-Pierre Ruiz, Javier Hare, Trent M. Hasebe, Nobuyuki Karouji, Yuzuru Kobayashi, Shingo Hareyama, Makoto Shibamura, Eido Kobayashi, Masanori d'Uston, Claude Gasnault, Olivier Forni, Olivier Maurice, Sylvestre TI The South Pole-Aitken basin region, Moon: GIS-based geologic investigation using Kaguya elemental information SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Kaguya (SELENE); Gamma-Ray Spectrometer; South Pole-Aitken basin; Elemental maps; Impact ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER; LUNAR-SURFACE; MANTLE; ORIGINS; TIO2; FEO AB Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we performed comparative analysis among stratigraphic information and the Kaguya (SELENE) GRS data of the similar to 2500-km-diameter South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin and its surroundings. Results indicate that the surface rock materials (including ancient crater materials, mare basalts, and possible SPA impact melt) are average to slightly elevated in K and Th with respect to the rest of the Moon. Also, this study demonstrates that K and Th have not significantly changed since the formation of SPA. The elemental signatures of the impact basin of Fe, Ti, Si, o through time include evidence for resurfacing by ejecta materials and late-stage volcanism. The oldest surfaces of SPA are found to be oxygen-depleted during the heavy bombardment period relative to later stages of geologic development, followed by both an increase in silicon and oxygen, possibly due to ejecta sourced from outside of SPA, and subsequent modification due to mare basaltic volcanism, which increased iron and titanium within SPA. The influence of the distinct geologic history of SPA and surroundings on the mineralogic and elemental abundances is evident as shown in our investigation. (c) 2012 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Kyeong Ja] Korean Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Div Geol Res, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Dohm, James M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Williams, Jean-Pierre] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ruiz, Javier] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Geol, Dept Geodinam, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Hare, Trent M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hasebe, Nobuyuki] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Karouji, Yuzuru; Hareyama, Makoto] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Kobayashi, Shingo] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638555, Japan. [Shibamura, Eido] Saitama Prefectural Univ, Saitama 3438540, Japan. [Kobayashi, Masanori] Chiba Inst Technol, Narashino, Chiba 2750016, Japan. [d'Uston, Claude; Gasnault, Olivier; Forni, Olivier; Maurice, Sylvestre] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), Korean Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Div Geol Res, 124 Gwahang No, Taejon 305350, South Korea. EM kjkim@kigam.re.kr; jmd@hwr.arizona.edu; jpierre@mars.ucla.edu; jaruiz@geo.ucm.es; thare@usgs.gov; nhasebe@waseda.jp; karouji@planeta.sci.isas.jaxa.jp; shingo@nirs.go.jp; hareyama.makoto@jaxa.jp; shibamura-eido@spu.ac.jp; kobayashi.masanori@it-chiba.ac.jp; lionel.duston@cesr.fr; Olivier.Gasnault@cesr.fr; Olivier.Forni@cesr.fr; sylvestre.maurice@cesr.fr RI Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; Ruiz, Javier/P-3975-2015; OI Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Ruiz, Javier/0000-0002-3937-8380; Kim, Kyeong J/0000-0001-6220-8411; Forni, Olivier/0000-0001-6772-9689; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X FU Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources [12-3612]; Ministry of Knowledge Economy of Korea; Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology of Korea [10-6303]; Ramon y Cajal; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain; Fondo Social Europeo (ESF) FX This work was supported by a research project, '12-3612' at the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy of Korea and 10-6303 at funded by Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology of Korea. Dr. Javier Ruiz was supported by a contract Ramon y Cajal co-financed from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain and the Fondo Social Europeo (ESF). NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1629 EP 1637 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2012.06.019 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036HY UT WOS:000311018200007 ER PT J AU Ebel, BA AF Ebel, Brian A. TI Wildfire impacts on soil-water retention in the Colorado Front Range, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FIRE SEVERITY; BURN SEVERITY; HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-PARAMETERS; MOISTURE RETENTION; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; CARBON CONTENT AB This work examined the plot-scale differences in soil-water retention caused by wildfire in the area of the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire in the Colorado Front Range, United States. We measured soil-water retention curves on intact cores and repacked samples, soil particle-size distributions, and organic matter content. Estimates were also made of plant-available water based on the soil-water retention curves. Parameters for use in soil-hydraulic property models were estimated; these parameters can be used in unsaturated flow modeling for comparing burned and unburned watersheds. The primary driver for measured differences in soil-water retention in burned and unburned soils was organic matter content and not soil-particle size distribution. The tendency for unburned south-facing soils to have greater organic matter content than unburned north-facing soils in this field area may explain why unburned south-facing soils had greater soil-water retention than unburned north-facing soils. Our results suggest that high-severity wildfire can "homogenize" soil-water retention across the landscape by erasing soil-water retention differences resulting from organic matter content, which for this site may be affected by slope aspect. This homogenization could have important implications for ecohydrology and plant succession/recovery in burned areas, which could be a factor in dictating the window of vulnerability of the landscape to flash floods and erosion that are a common consequence of wildfire. Citation: Ebel, B. A. (2012), Wildfire impacts on soil-water retention in the Colorado Front Range, United States, Water Resour. Res., 48, W12515, doi: 10.1029/2012WR012362. C1 [Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ebel, Brian A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ebel, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St,Ste E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM brian.ebel@colorado.edu OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in the National Research Program; Climate and Land Use Change Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX The presentation of this work benefitted from discussions with Brian Andraski, Rick Healy, Eve-Lyn Hinckley, Deborah Martin, Ben Mirus, John Moody, John Nimmo, and David Stonestrom. Kim Perkins is gratefully acknowledged for completing the laboratory laser diffraction analysis of the particle-size data and for providing thoughtful comments on the manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers made substantial contributions to increasing manuscript clarity. Brian Ebel received support from the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in the National Research Program and the Climate and Land Use Change Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Field assistance from John Moody and Petter Nyman was very helpful. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 95 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W12515 DI 10.1029/2012WR012362 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 055FF UT WOS:000312399900002 ER PT J AU Tank, SE Raymond, PA Striegl, RG McClelland, JW Holmes, RM Fiske, GJ Peterson, BJ AF Tank, Suzanne E. Raymond, Peter A. Striegl, Robert G. McClelland, James W. Holmes, Robert M. Fiske, Greg J. Peterson, Bruce J. TI A land-to-ocean perspective on the magnitude, source and implication of DIC flux from major Arctic rivers to the Arctic Ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL ORGANIC-CARBON; EAST SIBERIAN SEA; CO2 CONSUMPTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CHEMICAL DENUDATION; GLOBAL CARBON; NORTH-AMERICA; DISCHARGE; RATES; GLACIER AB A series of seasonally distributed measurements from the six largest Arctic rivers (the Ob', Yenisey, Lena, Kolyma, Yukon and Mackenzie) was used to examine the magnitude and significance of Arctic riverine DIC flux to larger scale C dynamics within the Arctic system. DIC concentration showed considerable, and synchronous, seasonal variation across these six large Arctic rivers, which have an estimated combined annual DIC flux of 30 Tg C yr(-1). By examining the relationship between DIC flux and landscape variables known to regulate riverine DIC, we extrapolate to a DIC flux of 57 +/- 9.9 Tg C yr(-1) for the full pan-arctic basin, and show that DIC export increases with runoff, the extent of carbonate rocks and glacial coverage, but decreases with permafrost extent. This panarctic riverine DIC estimate represents 13-15% of the total global DIC flux. The annual flux of selected ions (HCO3-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, and Cl-) from the six largest Arctic rivers confirms that chemical weathering is dominated by inputs from carbonate rocks in the North American watersheds, but points to a more important role for silicate rocks in Siberian watersheds. In the coastal ocean, river water-induced decreases in aragonite saturation (i.e., an ocean acidification effect) appears to be much more pronounced in Siberia than in the North American Arctic, and stronger in the winter and spring than in the late summer. Accounting for seasonal variation in the flux of DIC and other major ions gives a much clearer understanding of the importance of riverine DIC within the broader pan-arctic C cycle. Citation: Tank, S. E., P. A. Raymond, R. G. Striegl, J. W. McClelland, R. M. Holmes, G. J. Fiske, and B. J. Peterson (2012), A land-to-ocean perspective on the magnitude, source and implication of DIC flux from major Arctic rivers to the Arctic Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 26, GB4018, doi:10.1029/2011GB004192. C1 [Tank, Suzanne E.; Peterson, Bruce J.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Striegl, Robert G.] USGS, Boulder, CO USA. [McClelland, James W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Holmes, Robert M.; Fiske, Greg J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. RP Tank, SE (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM tanks@yorku.ca RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012; McClelland, James/C-5396-2008 OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194 FU NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship; [NSF-OPP-0229302]; [NSF-OPP-0732985] FX Funding for this work was provided through NSF-OPP-0229302 and NSF-OPP-0732985. Additional support to SET was provided by an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship. Comments from J. Hartmann and one anonymous reviewer greatly improved the content of the manuscript. NR 93 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 103 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB4018 DI 10.1029/2011GB004192 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055CH UT WOS:000312392300001 ER PT J AU Kamath, PL Getz, WM AF Kamath, Pauline L. Getz, Wayne M. TI Unraveling the Effects of Selection and Demography on Immune Gene Variation in Free-Ranging Plains Zebra (Equus quagga) Populations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT SELECTION; ETOSHA-NATIONAL-PARK; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; NATURAL-SELECTION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ARTHROPOD PARASITES; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; STATISTICAL-METHOD AB Demography, migration and natural selection are predominant processes affecting the distribution of genetic variation among natural populations. Many studies use neutral genetic markers to make inferences about population history. However, the investigation of functional coding loci, which directly reflect fitness, is critical to our understanding of species' ecology and evolution. Immune genes, such as those of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), play an important role in pathogen recognition and provide a potent model system for studying selection. We contrasted diversity patterns of neutral data with MHC loci, ELA-DRA and -DQA, in two southern African plains zebra (Equus quagga) populations: Etosha National Park, Namibia, and Kruger National Park, South Africa. Results from neutrality tests, along with observations of elevated diversity and low differentiation across populations, supported previous genus-level evidence for balancing selection at these loci. Despite being low, MHC divergence across populations was significant and may be attributed to drift effects typical of geographically separated populations experiencing little to no gene flow, or alternatively to shifting allele frequency distributions driven by spatially variable and fluctuating pathogen communities. At the DRA, zebra exhibited geographic differentiation concordant with microsatellites and reduced levels of diversity in Etosha due to highly skewed allele frequencies that could not be explained by demography, suggestive of spatially heterogeneous selection and local adaptation. This study highlights the complexity in which selection affects immune gene diversity and warrants the need for further research on the ecological mechanisms shaping patterns of adaptive variation among natural populations. Citation: Kamath PL, Getz WM (2012) Unraveling the Effects of Selection and Demography on Immune Gene Variation in Free-Ranging Plains Zebra (Equus quagga) Populations. PLoS ONE 7(12): e50971. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050971 C1 [Kamath, Pauline L.; Getz, Wayne M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Getz, Wayne M.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Sci, Durban, South Africa. RP Kamath, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM pkamath@usgs.gov RI Kamath, Pauline/H-1358-2013; OI Kamath, Pauline/0000-0002-6458-4514; Getz, Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354 FU National Institutes of Health Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease Grant [GM083863]; National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant [MCINS-20091291] FX This research was supported by a National Institutes of Health Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease Grant (GM083863) to WMG and a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (MCINS-20091291) to PLK. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 112 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 63 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e50971 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0050971 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 055AJ UT WOS:000312386800024 PM 23251409 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, S Hunt, AG Evans, WC AF Hurwitz, Shaul Hunt, Andrew G. Evans, William C. TI Temporal variations of geyser water chemistry in the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Yellowstone; geyser; hydrothermal; time series; tritium; water chemistry ID OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER; EARTH TIDAL FORCES; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; BAROMETRIC-PRESSURE; TECTONIC STRESSES; FLUCTUATIONS; PERIODICITY; SPRINGS AB Geysers are rare features that reflect a delicate balance between an abundant supply of water and heat and a unique geometry of fractures and porous rocks. Between April 2007 and September 2008, we sampled Old Faithful, Daisy, Grand, Oblong, and Aurum geysers in Yellowstone National Park's Upper Geyser Basin and characterized temporal variations in major element chemistry and water isotopes (delta O-18, delta D, H-3). We compare these temporal variations with temporal trends of Geyser Eruption Intervals (GEI). SiO2 concentrations and geothermometry indicate that the geysers are fed by waters ascending from a reservoir with temperatures of similar to 190 to 210 degrees C. The studied geysers display small and complex chemical and isotopic seasonal variations, and geysers with smaller volume display larger seasonal variations than geysers with larger volumes. Aurum and Oblong Geysers contain detectable tritium concentrations, suggesting that erupted water contains some modern meteoric water. We propose that seasonal GEI variations result from varying degrees of evaporation, meteoric water recharge, water table fluctuations, and possible hydraulic interaction with the adjacent Firehole River. We demonstrate that the concentrations of major dissolved species in Old Faithful Geyser have remained nearly constant since 1884 despite large changes in Old Faithful's eruption intervals, suggesting that no major changes have occurred in the hydrothermal system of the Upper Geyser Basin for >120 years. Our data set provides a baseline for monitoring future changes in geyser activity that might result from varying climate, earthquakes, and changes in heat flow from the underlying magmatic system. C1 [Hurwitz, Shaul; Evans, William C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hunt, Andrew G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hurwitz, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shaulh@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program FX We thank Deb Bergfeld, Laura Clor, Sean Eagan, Jake Lowenstern, Dan Mahony, and Ralph Taylor for help with sampling; Mark Huebner, Deb Bergfeld, and Haiping Qi for chemical and isotopic analysis; and Christie Hendrix, Stacey Gunther, and Hank Heasler at the Yellowstone Center for Resources in Yellowstone National Park for assistance with permitting and logistics. Steve Ingebritsen, two anonymous reviewers, and associate editor Colin Wilson are thanked for helpful comments. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 13 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q12005 DI 10.1029/2012GC004388 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 055BL UT WOS:000312389900001 ER PT J AU Graves, TA Royle, JA Kendall, KC Beier, P Stetz, JB Macleod, AC AF Graves, Tabitha A. Royle, J. Andrew Kendall, Katherine C. Beier, Paul Stetz, Jeffrey B. Macleod, Amy C. TI Balancing Precision and Risk: Should Multiple Detection Methods Be Analyzed Separately in N-Mixture Models? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; REPLICATED COUNTS; POPULATION; SELECTION AB Using multiple detection methods can increase the number, kind, and distribution of individuals sampled, which may increase accuracy and precision and reduce cost of population abundance estimates. However, when variables influencing abundance are of interest, if individuals detected via different methods are influenced by the landscape differently, separate analysis of multiple detection methods may be more appropriate. We evaluated the effects of combining two detection methods on the identification of variables important to local abundance using detections of grizzly bears with hair traps (systematic) and bear rubs (opportunistic). We used hierarchical abundance models (N-mixture models) with separate model components for each detection method. If both methods sample the same population, the use of either data set alone should (1) lead to the selection of the same variables as important and (2) provide similar estimates of relative local abundance. We hypothesized that the inclusion of 2 detection methods versus either method alone should (3) yield more support for variables identified in single method analyses (i.e. fewer variables and models with greater weight), and (4) improve precision of covariate estimates for variables selected in both separate and combined analyses because sample size is larger. As expected, joint analysis of both methods increased precision as well as certainty in variable and model selection. However, the single-method analyses identified different variables and the resulting predicted abundances had different spatial distributions. We recommend comparing single-method and jointly modeled results to identify the presence of individual heterogeneity between detection methods in N-mixture models, along with consideration of detection probabilities, correlations among variables, and tolerance to risk of failing to identify variables important to a subset of the population. The benefits of increased precision should be weighed against those risks. The analysis framework presented here will be useful for other species exhibiting heterogeneity by detection method. C1 [Graves, Tabitha A.; Beier, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Kendall, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, Glacier Natl Pk, MT USA. [Stetz, Jeffrey B.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Macleod, Amy C.] Univ Montana, Glacier Field Stn, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Glacier Natl Pk, MT USA. RP Graves, TA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Tabitha.Graves@colostate.edu RI Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013; OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343; MACLEOD, AMY/0000-0002-6966-2278; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU NSF-IGERT; NAU School of Forestry; Hafen Scholarship; Prather Scholarship; David-German Scholarship; P.E.O. Scholar Award; AAUW American Fellowship; David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship FX Tabitha was supported by NSF-IGERT, NAU School of Forestry, the Hafen, Prather, and David-German Scholarships, the P.E.O. Scholar Award, the AAUW American Fellowship, and the David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 12 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e49410 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0049410 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 066QV UT WOS:000313236200015 PM 23251342 ER PT J AU Lubchenco, J McNutt, MK Dreyfus, G Murawski, SA Kennedy, DM Anastas, PT Chu, S Hunter, T AF Lubchenco, Jane McNutt, Marcia K. Dreyfus, Gabrielle Murawski, Steven A. Kennedy, David M. Anastas, Paul T. Chu, Steven Hunter, Tom TI Science in support of the Deepwater Horizon response SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE science-based decision making; Gulf of Mexico; Spill of National Significance; Macondo; Oil Pollution Act ID OIL-SPILL AB This introduction to the Special Feature presents the context for science during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response, summarizes how scientific knowledge was integrated across disciplines and statutory responsibilities, identifies areas where scientific information was accurate and where it was not, and considers lessons learned and recommendations for future research and response. Scientific information was integrated within and across federal and state agencies, with input from nongovernmental scientists, across a diverse portfolio of needs-stopping the flow of oil, estimating the amount of oil, capturing and recovering the oil, tracking and forecasting surface oil, protecting coastal and oceanic wildlife and habitat, managing fisheries, and protecting the safety of seafood. Disciplines involved included atmospheric, oceanographic, biogeochemical, ecological, health, biological, and chemical sciences, physics, geology, and mechanical and chemical engineering. Platforms ranged from satellites and planes to ships, buoys, gliders, and remotely operated vehicles to laboratories and computer simulations. The unprecedented response effort depended directly on intense and extensive scientific and engineering data, information, and advice. Many valuable lessons were learned that should be applied to future events. C1 [Lubchenco, Jane; Dreyfus, Gabrielle; Murawski, Steven A.; Kennedy, David M.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [McNutt, Marcia K.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Anastas, Paul T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Chu, Steven] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Hunter, Tom] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Lubchenco, J (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM jane.lubchenco@noaa.gov RI yu, jian/C-1280-2009; Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 FU American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellowship program; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX We extend condolences to the families of the 11 workers who lost their lives on the Deepwater Horizon rig and heartfelt sympathy to the thousands of Gulf Coast residents devastated by the spill. We acknowledge the thousands of scientists, technicians, response workers, and managers inside and outside of our agencies who devoted extraordinary efforts to support the spill response. The magnitude and magnanimity of their efforts have gone largely unrecognized, and the work continues. Significant efforts continue to be devoted to understanding the full impacts of the spill and its consequences for the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. Restoration efforts have been initiated, but there is much more work to be done. We thank the many thousands of women and men, both inside and outside of government, who contributed to the efforts outlined in this special volume and the larger body of documentation on the Deepwater Horizon event. We thank Chris Belter, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) library, for collecting and maintaining a Deepwater Horizon bibliography and Joe Klimavicz, CIO for NOAA, and others responsible for the new online repository done in conjunction with the National Technical Information Service/NOAA: http://noaa. ntis. gov/site/home. php. We acknowledge the contributions from Jennifer Pizza, John Stein, and many more from NOAA, US Geological Survey (USGS), and Enviromental Protection Agency (EPA) in the preparation of this introduction. G.D. acknowledges support from the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellowship program and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USGS, the Department of the Interior, NOAA, the Department of Commerce, the EPA, or the Department of Energy. And finally, we thank Admiral Thad Allen and President Barack Obama for their trust in and support of science. NR 55 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 145 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20212 EP 20221 DI 10.1073/pnas.1204729109 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600026 PM 23213250 ER PT J AU McNutt, MK Chu, S Lubchenco, J Hunter, T Dreyfus, G Murawski, SA Kennedy, DM AF McNutt, Marcia K. Chu, Steven Lubchenco, Jane Hunter, Tom Dreyfus, Gabrielle Murawski, Steven A. Kennedy, David M. TI Applications of science and engineering to quantify and control the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE oil collection; science-based decision making; well control; Gulf of Mexico; spill of national significance ID BIODEGRADATION AB The unprecedented engagement of scientists from government, academia, and industry enabled multiple unanticipated and unique problems to be addressed during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. During the months between the initial blowout on April 20, 2010, and the final well kill on September 19, 2010, researchers prepared options, analyses of tradeoffs, assessments, and calculations of uncertainties associated with the flow rate of the well, well shut in, killing the well, and determination of the location of oil released into the environment. This information was used in near real time by the National Incident Commander and other government decision-makers. It increased transparency into BP's proposed actions and gave the government confidence that, at each stage proposed, courses of action had been thoroughly vetted to reduce risk to human life and the environment and improve chances of success. C1 [McNutt, Marcia K.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Chu, Steven] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Lubchenco, Jane; Dreyfus, Gabrielle; Murawski, Steven A.; Kennedy, David M.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Hunter, Tom] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP McNutt, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mcnutt@usgs.gov RI yu, jian/C-1280-2009 FU American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellowship program; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX The authors thank Admiral Thad Allen, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration General Council Lois Schiffer, and members of the science teams that delivered timely analyses, insights, and articulation of trade-offs that enabled decision-making under difficult conditions. Jon Kolak provided helpful comments. We thank Paul Hsieh and Steve Hickman for help with figures. G.D. acknowledges support from the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellowship program and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USGS, the Department of the Interior, NOAA, the Department of Commerce, or the Department of Energy. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 94 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20222 EP 20228 DI 10.1073/pnas.1214389109 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600027 PM 23213225 ER PT J AU McNutt, MK Camilli, R Crone, TJ Guthrie, GD Hsieh, PA Ryerson, TB Savas, O Shaffer, F AF McNutt, Marcia K. Camilli, Rich Crone, Timothy J. Guthrie, George D. Hsieh, Paul A. Ryerson, Thomas B. Savas, Omer Shaffer, Frank TI Review of flow rate estimates of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Review DE oil budget; particle image velocimetry; manual feature tracking ID VELOCIMETRY AB The unprecedented nature of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill required the application of research methods to estimate the rate at which oil was escaping from the well in the deep sea, its disposition after it entered the ocean, and total reservoir depletion. Here, we review what advances were made in scientific understanding of quantification of flow rates during deep sea oil well blowouts. We assess the degree to which a consensus was reached on the flow rate of the well by comparing in situ observations of the leaking well with a time-dependent flow rate model derived from pressure readings taken after the Macondo well was shut in for the well integrity test. Model simulations also proved valuable for predicting the effect of partial deployment of the blowout preventer rams on flow rate. Taken together, the scientific analyses support flow rates in the range of similar to 50,000-70,000 barrels/d, perhaps modestly decreasing over the duration of the oil spill, for a total release of similar to 5.0 million barrels of oil, not accounting for BP's collection effort. By quantifying the amount of oil at different locations (wellhead, ocean surface, and atmosphere), we conclude that just over 2 million barrels of oil (after accounting for containment) and all of the released methane remained in the deep sea. By better understanding the fate of the hydrocarbons, the total discharge can be partitioned into separate components that pose threats to deep sea vs. coastal ecosystems, allowing responders in future events to scale their actions accordingly. C1 [McNutt, Marcia K.] US Geol Survey, Off Director, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Camilli, Rich] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Crone, Timothy J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Guthrie, George D.; Shaffer, Frank] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Hsieh, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Savas, Omer] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McNutt, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Director, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mcnutt@usgs.gov RI Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 20 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 18 U2 121 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20260 EP 20267 DI 10.1073/pnas.1112139108 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600033 PM 22187459 ER PT J AU Hickman, SH Hsieh, PA Mooney, WD Enomoto, CB Nelson, PH Mayer, LA Weber, TC Moran, K Flemings, PB McNutt, MK AF Hickman, Stephen H. Hsieh, Paul A. Mooney, Walter D. Enomoto, Catherine B. Nelson, Philip H. Mayer, Larry A. Weber, Thomas C. Moran, Kathryn Flemings, Peter B. McNutt, Marcia K. TI Scientific basis for safely shutting in the Macondo Well after the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE oil spill; underground blowout; overpressure; reservoir modeling; marine geophysics ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA; GAS AB As part of the government response to the Deepwater Horizon blowout, a Well Integrity Team evaluated the geologic hazards of shutting in the Macondo Well at the seafloor and determined the conditions under which it could safely be undertaken. Of particular concern was the possibility that, under the anticipated high shut-in pressures, oil could leak out of the well casing below the seafloor. Such a leak could lead to new geologic pathways for hydrocarbon release to the Gulf of Mexico. Evaluating this hazard required analyses of 2D and 3D seismic surveys, seafloor bathymetry, sediment properties, geophysical well logs, and drilling data to assess the geological, hydrological, and geomechanical conditions around the Macondo Well. After the well was successfully capped and shut in on July 15, 2010, a variety of monitoring activities were used to assess subsurface well integrity. These activities included acquisition of wellhead pressure data, marine multichannel seismic profiles, seafloor and water-column sonar surveys, and wellhead visual/acoustic monitoring. These data showed that the Macondo Well was not leaking after shut in, and therefore, it could remain safely shut until reservoir pressures were suppressed (killed) with heavy drilling mud and the well was sealed with cement. C1 [Hickman, Stephen H.; Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hsieh, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Enomoto, Catherine B.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Nelson, Philip H.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mayer, Larry A.; Weber, Thomas C.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Moran, Kathryn] Execut Off President, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC 20502 USA. [Flemings, Peter B.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [McNutt, Marcia K.] US Geol Survey, Off Director, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hickman, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hickman@usgs.gov RI Weber, Thomas/H-2428-2012; Flemings, Peter/B-9676-2008 OI Weber, Thomas/0000-0001-8320-361X; NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 40 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20268 EP 20273 DI 10.1073/pnas.1115847109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600034 PM 23213217 ER PT J AU White, HK Hsing, PY Cho, W Shank, TM Cordes, EE Quattrini, AM Nelson, RK Camilli, R Demopoulos, AWJ German, CR Brooks, JM Roberts, HH Shedd, W Reddy, CM Fisher, CR AF White, Helen K. Hsing, Pen-Yuan Cho, Walter Shank, Timothy M. Cordes, Erik E. Quattrini, Andrea M. Nelson, Robert K. Camilli, Richard Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. German, Christopher R. Brooks, James M. Roberts, Harry H. Shedd, William Reddy, Christopher M. Fisher, Charles R. TI Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep-water coral community in the Gulf of Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE hopane; sterane; Paramuricea; sediment ID FLOW-RATE; SEDIMENTS; SEA; GAS; OCTOCORALLIA; PERSISTENCE; PATTERNS; TRACKING; STERANE; HOST AB To assess the potential impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on offshore ecosystems, 11 sites hosting deep-water coral communities were examined 3 to 4 mo after the well was capped. Healthy coral communities were observed at all sites >20 km from the Macondo well, including seven sites previously visited in September 2009, where the corals and communities appeared unchanged. However, at one site 11 km southwest of the Macondo well, coral colonies presented widespread signs of stress, including varying degrees of tissue loss, sclerite enlargement, excess mucous production, bleached commensal ophiuroids, and covering by brown flocculent material (floc). On the basis of these criteria the level of impact to individual colonies was ranked from 0 (least impact) to 4 (greatest impact). Of the 43 corals imaged at that site, 46% exhibited evidence of impact on more than half of the colony, whereas nearly a quarter of all of the corals showed impact to >90% of the colony. Additionally, 53% of these corals' ophiuroid associates displayed abnormal color and/or attachment posture. Analysis of hopanoid petroleum biomarkers isolated from the floc provides strong evidence that this material contained oil from the Macondo well. The presence of recently damaged and deceased corals beneath the path of a previously documented plume emanating from the Macondo well provides compelling evidence that the oil impacted deep-water ecosystems. Our findings underscore the unprecedented nature of the spill in terms of its magnitude, release at depth, and impact to deep-water ecosystems. C1 [White, Helen K.] Haverford Coll, Dept Chem, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Hsing, Pen-Yuan; Fisher, Charles R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cho, Walter; Shank, Timothy M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nelson, Robert K.; Reddy, Christopher M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [German, Christopher R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cordes, Erik E.; Quattrini, Andrea M.] Temple Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Brooks, James M.] TDI Brooks Int Inc, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Roberts, Harry H.] Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Shedd, William] Bureau Ocean Energy Management, US Dept Interior, New Orleans, LA 70115 USA. RP White, HK (reprint author), Haverford Coll, Dept Chem, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. EM hwhite@alum.mit.edu RI Fisher, Charles/H-7912-2012; White, Helen/B-2487-2009; OI White, Helen/0000-0002-9428-992X; Cordes, Erik/0000-0002-6989-2348; Hsing, Pen-Yuan/0000-0002-5394-879X FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [1435-01-05-CT-39187]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean Exploration; Census of Marine Life (ChEss Project), USGS-Terrestrial, Water, and Marine Environments Program through the BOEM/Outer Continental Shelf, Northeast Gulf of Mexico Deep Offshore Reef Ecology, Lophelia II Study; National Science Foundation RAPID Grants [OCE-1045131, OCE-1045083, OCE-1064041, OCE-1043976, OCE-1045025, OCE-1045329, OCE-1044289, OCE-1045079] FX We thank the crew and captains of the R/V Atlantis and R/V Ron Brown; the pilots and crew of DSV Alvin and ROV Jason II; and J. Abbassi, C. Carmichael, O. Chegwidden, D. Cowart, C. Doughty, T. Enderlein, P. Etnoyer, J. Frometa, K. Halanych, K. Reuter, M. Rittinghouse, A. Sen, C. Sheline, K. Stamler and J. Thoma for their contributions to this work. This work was supported by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Contract 1435-01-05-CT-39187 (to TDI-Brooks), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean Exploration, the Census of Marine Life (ChEss Project), USGS-Terrestrial, Water, and Marine Environments Program through the BOEM/Outer Continental Shelf, Northeast Gulf of Mexico Deep Offshore Reef Ecology, Lophelia II Study and National Science Foundation RAPID Grants OCE-1045131 (to H.K.W.), OCE-1045083 and OCE-1064041 (to C.R.F.), OCE-1043976 (to C.M.R.), OCE-1045025 (to R.C.), OCE-1045329 (to T.M.S.), OCE-1044289 (to C.R.G.), and OCE-1045079 (to E.E.C.). NR 34 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 17 U2 246 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20303 EP 20308 DI 10.1073/pnas.1118029109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600041 PM 22454495 ER PT J AU Liu-Zeng, J Sun, J Wang, P Hudnut, KW Ji, C Zhang, ZH Xu, Q Wen, L AF Liu-Zeng, Jing Sun, Jing Wang, Peng Hudnut, Kenneth W. Ji, Chen Zhang, Zhihui Xu, Qiang Wen, Li TI Surface ruptures on the transverse Xiaoyudong fault: A significant segment boundary breached during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Wenchuan earthquake; Xiaoyudong fault; Surface breaks; Lateral ramp; Geometrical complexity; Coseismic slip transfer ID STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; W 7.9 WENCHUAN; 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; ACTIVE THRUST-FAULT; WESTERN TAIWAN; LONGMEN SHAN; PALEOSEISMIC IMPLICATIONS; VERTICAL EXPOSURE; CHELUNGPU FAULT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AB The similar to 220 km-long rupture of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake breached several km-scale geometric discontinuities along strike, including the previously un-mapped NW-trending Xiaoyudong fault, connecting between the two major, NE-trending rupture planes on the Beichuan and Pengguan Faults. In this paper, we present high-resolution mapping of the 8-km-long surface breaks and sinistral oblique thrusting coseismic slip on the Xiaoyudong fault. Scarp height is the largest at the NW end, reaching 3.5 m, and decreases southward in steps to less than 0.2 m, with an average slip gradient of 6 x 10(-3) at a few tens of meters length scale, but up to 50 x 10(-3) locally. Left-lateral offsets co-vary with the vertical component. The largest sinistral slip vector we observed is 2.2 m. Geological and geophysical evidence suggests that the Xiaoyudong fault is likely a similar to 30 degrees SW-dipping lateral ramp that soles into the Pengguan fault, and at its northwestern end intersects with the Beichuan fault, where the latter has a step in the fault plane. Kinematically, the Xiaoyudong fault functions as a tear and conjugate fault and coincides with significant coseismic slip rake rotations on both the Beichuan and Pengguan Faults. Similar correlation of fault bends with sharp changes in faulting style occurs at other steps along the Wenchuan rupture. The Xiaoyudong fault may have played a positive role in linking coseismic slip partitioning between parallel reverse fault planes, facilitating the growth of a longer and more destructive rupture. This highlights the role of tear faults in bridging ruptures between segments, such that reverse-type ruptures can breach steps wider than anticipated from strike-slip fault examples. Transfer faults are common, and perhaps poorly documented features in reverse fault systems and their roles in ruptures may increase the maximum potential earthquake magnitude for fold-and-thrust belts. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu-Zeng, Jing; Sun, Jing; Wang, Peng; Zhang, Zhihui; Xu, Qiang; Wen, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Continental Collis & Plateau Uplift, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Liu-Zeng, Jing] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100027, Peoples R China. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Ji, Chen] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Liu-Zeng, J (reprint author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, 1 Huayanli,Dewai Ave,POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM liu-zeng@ies.ac.cn RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Liu-Zeng, Jing/F-8582-2011 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; FU National Science Foundation of China [40872131, 41172179]; China Ministry of Science and Technology [WFSD-6] FX Financial support for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation of China (40872131, 41172179), China Ministry of Science and Technology (WFSD-6). We thank Yu-Ting Kuo for sharing unpublished data, Kate Scharer, Michael Oskin Lingsen Zeng, and An Yin for helpful comments and discussion. NR 99 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 580 BP 218 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.09.024 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 117ST UT WOS:000316974100014 ER PT J AU Osterman, LE Smith, CG AF Osterman, Lisa E. Smith, Christopher G. TI Over 100 years of environmental change recorded by foraminifers and sediments in Mobile Bay, Alabama, Gulf of Mexico, USA SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE benthic foraminifera; Pb-210; dissolution; stable carbon isotopes; hypoxia; shipping channel; estuary ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; NORTH-CAROLINA; POLLUTION; SHALLOW; ASSEMBLAGES; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; WATERS; LAGOON AB The marine microfauna of Mobile Bay has been profoundly influenced by the development and expansion of the primary shipping channel over the last 100 years. Foraminifers and sediments from seven box cores with excess lead-210 chronology document that channel dredging and spoil disposal have altered circulation, reduced estuarine mixing, changed sedimentation patterns, and caused a faunal turnover within the bay. Beginning in the late 1800s, changes in estuarine mixing allowed for greater low-pH freshwater influence in the bay, and ultimately began environmental changes that resulted in the loss of calcareous foraminifers. By the early 1900s, box cores throughout Mobile Bay record a similar to 100-year trend of increasing calcareous test dissolution that continues to the present. Since the completion of the current shipping channel in the 1950s, restricted tidal flushing and increased terrestrial organic matter, documented by carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, stimulated an increase in agglutinated foraminiferal densities. However, in deeper areas of the bay, hypoxic water has negatively impacted the marine microfauna. Comparisons of the present-day foraminiferal assemblage with foraminifers collected in the early 1970s indicate that the continued biologic loss of calcareous foraminifers in the bay has allowed the introduction of a new agglutinated foraminiferal species into the bay. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Osterman, Lisa E.; Smith, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Osterman, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM osterman@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program as part of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project FX The U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program provided funding for this research as part of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project. The authors would like to thank Caitlin Reynolds, Christopher Reich, Adis Muslic, Dan Umberger, Marcie Marot, and Kathryn Richwine of the USGS for their continued support in the lab and in the field. The manuscript benefited from as discussions with and suggestions made by Thomas J. Smith and Richard Z. Poore of the USGS and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 54 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 115 SI SI BP 345 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.10.001 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 057QD UT WOS:000312577200031 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB Boswell, KM McAdam, BJ Wells, RJD Marteinsdottir, G AF Grabowski, Timothy B. Boswell, Kevin M. McAdam, Bruce J. Wells, R. J. David Marteinsdottir, Gudrun TI Characterization of Atlantic Cod Spawning Habitat and Behavior in Icelandic Coastal Waters SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GADUS-MORHUA L.; BAITED UNDERWATER VIDEO; NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD; GULF-OF-MEXICO; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NEWFOUNDLAND WATERS; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; RELATIVE DENSITY; TARGET-STRENGTH; SITE FIDELITY AB The physical habitat used during spawning may potentially be an important factor affecting reproductive output of broadcast spawning marine fishes, particularly for species with complex, substrate-oriented mating systems and behaviors, such as Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. We characterized the habitat use and behavior of spawning Atlantic cod at two locations off the coast of southwestern Iceland during a 2-d research cruise (15-16 April 2009). We simultaneously operated two different active hydroacoustic gear types, a split beam echosounder and a dual frequency imaging sonar (DIDSON), as well as a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV). A total of five fish species were identified through ROV surveys: including cusk Brosme brosme, Atlantic cod, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, lemon sole Microstomus kitt, and Atlantic redfish Sebastes spp. Of the three habitats identified in the acoustic surveys, the transitional habitat between boulder/lava field and sand habitats was characterized by greater fish density and acoustic target strength compared to that of sand or boulder/lava field habitats independently. Atlantic cod were observed behaving in a manner consistent with published descriptions of spawning. Individuals were observed ascending 1-5 m into the water column from the bottom at an average vertical swimming speed of 0.20-0.25 m s(-1) and maintained an average spacing of 1.0-1.4 m between individuals. Our results suggest that cod do not choose spawning locations indiscriminately despite the fact that it is a broadcast spawning fish with planktonic eggs that are released well above the seafloor. C1 [Grabowski, Timothy B.; McAdam, Bruce J.; Marteinsdottir, Gudrun] Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Grabowski, Timothy B.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boswell, Kevin M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Boswell, Kevin M.] Florida Int Univ, Marine Sci Program, Dept Biol Sci, N Miami, FL USA. [McAdam, Bruce J.] Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Wells, R. J. David] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, Reykjavik, Iceland. EM t.grabowski@ttu.edu RI boswell, kevin/B-6380-2016 OI boswell, kevin/0000-0002-2037-1541 FU Icelandic Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture (Sjavarutvegs-og Landbunaoarraoherra) FX Funding for this project was provided by the Icelandic Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture (Sjavarutvegs-og Landbunaoarraoherra). Funding was used to support the salary of two authors while they were employed at the University of Iceland (TBG, BJM), the travel costs of two authors (KMB, RJDW), and the costs associated with chartering the research vessel and transportation and insurance of equipment used in this study. The funding agency had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e51321 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0051321 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 050OT UT WOS:000312064100095 PM 23236471 ER PT J AU Stavreva, DA George, AA Klausmeyer, P Varticovski, L Sack, D Voss, TC Schiltz, RL Blazer, VS Iwanowicz, LR Hager, GL AF Stavreva, Diana A. George, Anuja A. Klausmeyer, Paul Varticovski, Lyuba Sack, Daniel Voss, Ty C. Schiltz, R. Louis Blazer, Vicki S. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Hager, Gordon L. TI Prevalent Glucocorticoid and Androgen Activity in US Water Sources SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BASS MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEU; WASTE-WATER; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; LIVING CELLS; RECEPTOR; POTOMAC; RIVER; QUANTIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS AB Contamination of the environment with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a major health concern. The presence of estrogenic compounds in water and their deleterious effect are well documented. However, detection and monitoring of other classes of EDCs is limited. Here we utilize a high-throughput live cell assay based on sub-cellular relocalization of GFP-tagged glucocorticoid and androgen receptors (GFP-GR and GFP-AR), in combination with gene transcription analysis, to screen for glucocorticoid and androgen activity in water samples. We report previously unrecognized glucocorticoid activity in 27%, and androgen activity in 35% of tested water sources from 14 states in the US. Steroids of both classes impact body development, metabolism, and interfere with reproductive, endocrine, and immune systems. This prevalent contamination could negatively affect wildlife and human populations. C1 [Stavreva, Diana A.; George, Anuja A.; Varticovski, Lyuba; Sack, Daniel; Voss, Ty C.; Schiltz, R. Louis; Hager, Gordon L.] NCI, Lab Receptor Biol & Gene Express, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Klausmeyer, Paul] SAIC Frederick Inc, Nat Prod Support Grp, Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.] USGS BRD Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Hager, GL (reprint author), NCI, Lab Receptor Biol & Gene Express, NIH, Bldg 41,B602 41 Lib Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM stavrevd@mail.nih.gov; luke_iwanowicz@usgs.gov; hagerg@exchange.nih.gov RI George, Anuja/C-5963-2017; OI George, Anuja/0000-0003-2643-6307; Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU USGS; Fish and Wildlife Contaminants program; Great Lakes Research Initiative; West Virginia Departments of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; Maryland Department of Natural Resources; Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission; NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]; NCI High Throughput Facility FX Collection and extraction of environmental samples was funded by the Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems Science, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Fisheries and Contaminant programs of USGS, the Fish and Wildlife Contaminants program, the Great Lakes Research Initiative, West Virginia Departments of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Maryland Department of Natural Resources and Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. This research was supported [in part] by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. This project has been also funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We acknowledge the assistance of Tatiana Karpova and Jim McNally, LRBGE Fluorescence Imaging Facility. We also acknowledge the support of the NCI High Throughput Facility. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 49 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 6 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 937 DI 10.1038/srep00937 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048TJ UT WOS:000311935700006 PM 23226835 ER PT J AU Oze, C Jones, LC Goldsmith, JI Rosenbauer, RJ AF Oze, Christopher Jones, L. Camille Goldsmith, Jonas I. Rosenbauer, Robert J. TI Reply to McCollom: Methane generation during experimental serpentinization of olivine with respect to carbonate saturation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID HYDROCARBONS C1 [Oze, Christopher] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Jones, L. Camille] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Goldsmith, Jonas I.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Chem, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Rosenbauer, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Oze, C (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM christopher.oze@canterbury.ac.nz NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 4 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 49 BP E3335 EP E3335 DI 10.1073/pnas.1215228109 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 054MF UT WOS:000312347200002 ER PT J AU Dorais, MJ Wintsch, RP Kunk, MJ Aleinikoff, J Burton, W Underdown, C Kerwin, CM AF Dorais, Michael J. Wintsch, Robert P. Kunk, Michael J. Aleinikoff, John Burton, William Underdown, Christine Kerwin, Charles M. TI P-T-t CONDITIONS, Nd AND Pb ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS AND DETRITAL ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE MASSABESIC GNEISS COMPLEX, NEW HAMPSHIRE: ISOTOPIC AND METAMORPHIC EVIDENCE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF GANDER BASEMENT, CENTRAL NEW ENGLAND SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Massabesic Gneiss Complex; Gander; Avalon; tectonic wedging ID SOUTHERN NEW-BRUNSWICK; CAPE-BRETON ISLAND; NOVA-SCOTIA; EMPIRICAL CALIBRATION; ACADIAN METAMORPHISM; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; AVALON TERRANE; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; TRACE-ELEMENT; IGNEOUS ROCKS AB We present new evidence for the assignment of the Neoproterozoic Massabesic Gneiss Complex of New Hampshire to the Gander terrane rather than the Avalon terrane. The majority of Avalonian (sensu stricto) igneous and meta-igneous rocks as defined in Maritime Canada have positive whole-rock epsilon(Nd) compared to more negative values for Gander rocks, although there is a region of overlap in epsilon(Nd) between the two terranes. Our samples from areas in Connecticut previously thought to be Avalonian and samples from the Willimantic dome have the same isotopic signatures as Maritime Canada Avalon. In contrast, samples from the Clinton dome of southern Connecticut plots exclusively in the Gander field. The majority of the orthogneiss samples from Lyme dome (coastal Connecticut), Pelham dome (central Massachusetts) and Massabesic Gneiss Complex also plot in the Gander field, with a few samples plotting in the overlap zone between Gander and Avalon. U-Pb age distributions of detrital zircon populations from quartzites from the Massabesic Gneiss Complex more closely approximate the data from the Lyme Dome rather than Avalon. Additionally, the similarity of the P-T-t path for the rocks of the Massabesic Gneiss Complex (established by thermobarometry and Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of amphibole, muscovite, biotite and K-feldspar) with that established in the Ganderian Lyme dome of southern Connecticut strengthens the assignment of these rocks to a single Gander block that docked to Laurentia during the Salinic Orogeny. The identification of Ganderian isotopic signatures for these rocks all of which show evidence for Alleghanian metamorphism, supports the hypothesis that Neoproterozoic Gander lower crustal rocks underlie southern New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, and that all rocks of the overlying Central Maine trough that largely escaped high-grade Alleghanian metamorphism are allochthonous. We suggest that during the Alleghanian, the docking of Gondwana caused Avalon to wedge into Gander, metamorphosing and partially melting the Massabesic Gneiss Complex to the observed P-T-t conditions, with the complex forming an uplifted sheet that was back-thrusted over the Avalonian wedge. C1 [Dorais, Michael J.; Underdown, Christine] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Wintsch, Robert P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Kunk, Michael J.; Burton, William] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Aleinikoff, John] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kerwin, Charles M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci Geol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Dorais, MJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM dorais@byu.edu FU NSF [EAR-9418203, EAR-9909410, EAR-0510857]; USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program FX We thank Greg Walsh, Arthur Merschat, Paul Karabinos, and Brent Miller for helpful reviews of this manuscript. We also thank Emily Verplanck for assistance with the Nd and Pb isotopic analyses. This research was supported by NSF grants EAR-9418203 to Wintsch and EAR-9909410 and EAR-0510857 to Wintsch and Dorais, and by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. NR 103 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 312 IS 10 BP 1049 EP 1097 DI 10.2475/10.2012.01 PG 49 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 149GB UT WOS:000319305900001 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Edwards, WH AF Stapanian, Martin A. Edwards, William H. TI A Prototype Splitter Apparatus for Dividing Large Catches of Small Fish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DREISSENID MUSSELS; ESTABLISHMENT; CATCHABILITY AB Due to financial and time constraints, it is often necessary in fisheries studies to divide large samples of fish and estimate total catch from the subsample. The subsampling procedure may involve potential human biases or may be difficult to perform in rough conditions. We present a prototype gravity-fed splitter apparatus for dividing large samples of small fish (30100mm TL). The apparatus features a tapered hopper with a sliding and removable shutter. The apparatus provides a comparatively stable platform for objectively obtaining subsamples, and it can be modified to accommodate different sizes of fish and different sample volumes. The apparatus is easy to build, inexpensive, and convenient to use in the field. To illustrate the performance of the apparatus, we divided three samples (total N = 2,000 fish) composed of four fish species. Our results indicated no significant bias in estimating either the number or proportion of each species from the subsample. Use of this apparatus or a similar apparatus can help to standardize subsampling procedures in large surveys of fish. The apparatus could be used for other applications that require dividing a large amount of material into one or more smaller subsamples. Received April 26, 2012; accepted July 19, 2012 C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.; Edwards, William H.] US Geol Survey, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1038 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.716018 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097PB UT WOS:000315484900001 ER PT J AU Sindt, AR Quist, MC Pierce, CL AF Sindt, Anthony R. Quist, Michael C. Pierce, Clay L. TI Habitat Associations of Fish Species of Greatest Conservation Need at Multiple Spatial Scales in Wadeable Iowa Streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ASSEMBLAGE RELATIONSHIPS; FRESH-WATER; LANDSCAPE VARIABLES; HEADWATER STREAM; PHYSICAL HABITAT; WARMWATER FISHES; MICHIGAN STREAM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE AB Fish and habitat data were collected from 84 wadeable stream reaches in the Mississippi River drainage of Iowa to predict the occurrences of seven fish species of greatest conservation need and to identify the relative importance of habitat variables measured at small (e.g., depth, velocity, and substrate) and large (e.g., stream order, elevation, and gradient) scales in terms of their influence on species occurrences. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to predict fish species occurrences, starting with all possible combinations of variables (5 large-scale variables, 13 small-scale variables, and all 18 variables) but limiting the final models to a maximum of five variables. Akaike's information criterion was used to rank candidate models, weight model parameters, and calculate model-averaged predictions. On average, the correct classification rate (CCR = 80%) and Cohen's kappa ( = 0.59) were greatest for multiple-scale models (i.e., those including both large-scale and small-scale variables), intermediate for small-scale models (CCR = 75%; = 0.49), and lowest for large-scale models (CCR = 73%; = 0.44). The occurrence of each species was associated with a unique combination of large-scale and small-scale variables. Our results support the necessity of understanding factors that constrain the distribution of fishes across spatial scales to ensure that management decisions and actions occur at the appropriate scale. Received January 29, 2012; accepted July 18, 2012 C1 [Sindt, Anthony R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sindt, AR (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, 10517 Canal Rd Southeast, Hebron, OH 43025 USA. EM anthony.sindt@dnr.state.oh.us FU Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University; Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Iowa Department of Natural Resources [T-1-R-19] FX We thank Chris Smith, Rebecca Krogman, Josh Bruegge, Collin Hinz, Nick Johnson, and Maria Dzul for field assistance. Comments and suggestions provided by Michael Colvin, Jesse Fischer, Vivekananda Roy, Jennifer Biederman, Christopher Chizinski, and three anonymous reviewers helped to improve this manuscript. We also thank all those involved with creating and contributing to the Iowa Aquatic Gap Analysis Project, especially Anna Loan-Wilsey and Kevin Kane. This project was supported in part by the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University, the Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources through State Wildlife Grant T-1-R-19. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 87 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1046 EP 1061 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.716015 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097PB UT WOS:000315484900003 ER PT J AU Balazik, MT Reine, KJ Spells, AJ Fredrickson, CA Fine, ML Garman, GC McIninch, SP AF Balazik, Matthew T. Reine, Kevin J. Spells, Albert J. Fredrickson, Charles A. Fine, Michael L. Garman, Greg C. McIninch, Stephen P. TI The Potential for Vessel Interactions with Adult Atlantic Sturgeon in the James River, Virginia SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; NORTH-AMERICA; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY AB In 2012, all populations of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus were listed as either threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. During 20072010, researchers documented 31 carcasses of adult Atlantic sturgeon in the tidal freshwater portion of the James River, Virginia. Twenty-six of the carcasses had gashes from vessel propellers, and the remaining five carcasses were too decomposed to allow determination of the cause of death. The types of vessels responsible for these mortalities were not explicitly demonstrated. Most (84%) of the carcasses were found in a relatively narrow reach that was modified to increase shipping efficiency. To explore the number of Atlantic sturgeon being hit and their horizontal and depth distributions in relation to vessel draft, we conducted telemetry experiments on three living fish (all males) and six dead specimens. While staging (holding in an area from hours to days, with minimal upstream or downstream movements), the adult male Atlantic sturgeon spent most (62%) of the time within 1m of the river bottom. Assuming that behavior is not modified by vessel noise, adult male Atlantic sturgeon in the James River would rarely encounter small recreational boats or tugboats with shallow drafts; instead, mortalities are likely caused by deep-draft ocean cargo ships, which have drafts that coincide with the distribution of the tracked adult males. Dead specimens (n = 6) drifted with the current for several hours to almost 4 d before beaching at distances ranging from 0.5 to over 50 river kilometers from the point of release. We estimated that current monitoring in the James River documents less than one-third of vessel strike mortalities. A better understanding of Atlantic sturgeon behavior in the presence of vessels will aid in restoring this federally endangered species. Received February 20, 2012; accepted July 19, 2012 C1 [Balazik, Matthew T.; Garman, Greg C.; McIninch, Stephen P.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Reine, Kevin J.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Spells, Albert J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Virginia Fisheries Coordinator Off, Charles City, VA 23030 USA. [Fredrickson, Charles A.] James River Assoc, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. [Fine, Michael L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Balazik, MT (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, 1000 West Cary St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM balazikmt@vcu.edu FU Professional Association of Diving Instructors Foundation FX We thank Douglas Clarke and Charles Dickerson (USACE Engineer Research and Development Center); Peter Sturke, Brianna Langford, and David Hopler (VCU); and Christian Hager (Virginia Sea Grant) for their assistance with data development. We are also grateful to William Shuart and Jennifer Ciminelli (VCU) for GIS assistance; Eric Hilton (Virginia Institute of Marine Science), George Trice (commercial fisher), and Kelly Place (commercial fisher) for providing Atlantic sturgeon carcasses; and Tom Garin (Advanced Telemetry Systems) for donating radio tags. We appreciate Sarah Cameron (USACE Norfolk District) for supplying boat draft information and Jed Brown (U.S. Virgin Islands Division of Fish and Wildlife, St. Croix) and Matthew Fisher (Delaware DNREC, Division of Fish and Wildlife) for providing information on Delaware River Atlantic sturgeon vessel strikes. We thank the Professional Association of Diving Instructors Foundation for partial financial support. This is Contribution Number 25 of the VCU Rice Center. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1062 EP 1069 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.716016 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097PB UT WOS:000315484900004 ER PT J AU Kock, TJ Liedtke, TL Rondorf, DW Serl, JD Kohn, M Bumbaco, KA AF Kock, Tobias J. Liedtke, Theresa L. Rondorf, Dennis W. Serl, John D. Kohn, Mike Bumbaco, Karin A. TI Elevated Streamflows Increase Dam Passage by Juvenile Coho Salmon during Winter: Implications of Climate Change in the Pacific Northwest SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CARNATION CREEK; CHINOOK SALMON; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; MOVEMENT; HABITAT; TEMPERATURE; VELOCITY AB A 4-year evaluation was conducted to determine the proportion of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch passing Cowlitz Falls Dam, on the Cowlitz River, Washington, during winter. River and reservoir populations of coho salmon parr were monitored using radiotelemetry to determine if streamflow increases resulted in increased downstream movement and dam passage. This was of interest because fish that pass downstream of Cowlitz Falls Dam become landlocked in Riffe Lake and are lost to the anadromous population. Higher proportions of reservoir-released fish (0.3910.480) passed Cowlitz Falls Dam than did river-released fish (0.0370.119). Event-time analyses demonstrated that streamflow increases were important predictors of dam passage rates during the study. The estimated effect of increasing streamflows on the risk of dam passage varied annually and ranged from 9% to 75% for every 28.3m3/s increase in streamflow. These results have current management implications because they demonstrate the significance of dam passage by juvenile coho salmon during winter months when juvenile fish collection facilities are typically not operating. The results also have future management implications because climate change predictions suggest that peak streamflow timing for many watersheds in the Pacific Northwest will shift from late spring and early summer to winter. Increased occurrence of intense winter flood events is also expected. Our results demonstrate that juvenile coho salmon respond readily to streamflow increases and initiate downstream movements during winter months, which could result in increased passage at dams during these periods if climate change predictions are realized in the coming decades. Received February 7, 2012; accepted July 31, 2012 C1 [Kock, Tobias J.; Liedtke, Theresa L.; Rondorf, Dennis W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Serl, John D.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Cowlitz Falls Fish Facil, Randle, WA 98377 USA. [Kohn, Mike] Publ Util Dist 1 Lewis Cty, Cowlitz Falls Project, Morton, WA 98356 USA. [Bumbaco, Karin A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Off Washington State Climatologist, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kock, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM tkock@usgs.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration; Public Utility District of Lewis County; Office of the Washington State Climatologist at the University of Washington FX Funding for this research was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, the Public Utility District No. 1 of Lewis County, and the Office of the Washington State Climatologist at the University of Washington. We thank Wade Heimbigner with the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission and Brian Ekstrom, Ryan Tomka, and others from the Columbia River Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, for their assistance in the field. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 44 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1070 EP 1079 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.720645 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097PB UT WOS:000315484900005 ER PT J AU McCormick, JL Quist, MC Schill, DJ AF McCormick, Joshua L. Quist, Michael C. Schill, Daniel J. TI Effect of Survey Design and Catch Rate Estimation on Total Catch Estimates in Chinook Salmon Fisheries SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Rovingroving and rovingaccess creel surveys are the primary techniques used to obtain information on harvest of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Idaho sport fisheries. Once interviews are conducted using rovingroving or rovingaccess survey designs, mean catch rate can be estimated with the ratio-of-means (ROM) estimator, the mean-of-ratios (MOR) estimator, or the MOR estimator with exclusion of short-duration (0.5h) trips. Our objective was to examine the relative bias and precision of total catch estimates obtained from use of the two survey designs and three catch rate estimators for Idaho Chinook salmon fisheries. Information on angling populations was obtained by direct visual observation of portions of Chinook salmon fisheries in three Idaho river systems over an 18-d period. Based on data from the angling populations, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate the properties of the catch rate estimators and survey designs. Among the three estimators, the ROM estimator provided the most accurate and precise estimates of mean catch rate and total catch for both rovingroving and rovingaccess surveys. On average, the root mean square error of simulated total catch estimates was 1.42times greater and relative bias was 160.13times greater for rovingroving surveys than for rovingaccess surveys. Length-of-stay bias and nonstationary catch rates in rovingroving surveys both appeared to affect catch rate and total catch estimates. Our results suggest that use of the ROM estimator in combination with an estimate of angler effort provided the least biased and most precise estimates of total catch for both survey designs. However, rovingaccess surveys were more accurate than rovingroving surveys for Chinook salmon fisheries in Idaho. Received May 14, 2012; accepted July 23, 2012 C1 [McCormick, Joshua L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Schill, Daniel J.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. RP McCormick, JL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 441141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mcco7627@vandals.uidaho.edu FU IDFG through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act; University of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey; IDFG; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Nick Porter for assistance with data collection; IDFG management biologists for sharing their expertise on sampling locations and current survey designs; and B. Stevens, K. Pollock, and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by IDFG through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act. The Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, IDFG, and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1090 EP 1101 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.716017 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097PB UT WOS:000315484900007 ER PT J AU Stewart, DR Long, JM AF Stewart, David R. Long, James M. TI Precision of Channel Catfish Catch Estimates Using Hoop Nets in Larger Oklahoma Reservoirs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SMALL IMPOUNDMENTS; POPULATIONS; SELECTIVITY; EFFICIENCY; FISHES AB Hoop nets are rapidly becoming the preferred gear type used to sample channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and many managers have reported that hoop nets effectively sample channel catfish in small impoundments (<200 ha). However, the utility and precision of this approach in larger impoundments have not been tested. We sought to determine how the number of tandem hoop net series affected the catch of channel catfish and the time involved in using 16 tandem hoop net series in larger impoundments (>200 ha). Hoop net series were fished once, set for 3 d; then we used Monte Carlo bootstrapping techniques that allowed us to estimate the number of net series required to achieve two levels of precision (relative standard errors [RSEs] of 15 and 25) at two levels of confidence (80% and 95%). Sixteen hoop net series were effective at obtaining an RSE of 25 with 80% and 95% confidence in all but one reservoir. Achieving an RSE of 15 was often less effective and required 1896 hoop net series given the desired level of confidence. We estimated that an hour was needed, on average, to deploy and retrieve three hoop net series, which meant that 16 hoop net series per reservoir could be set and retrieved within a day, respectively. The estimated number of net series to achieve an RSE of 25 or 15 was positively associated with the coefficient of variation (CV) of the sample but not with reservoir surface area or relative abundance. Our results suggest that hoop nets are capable of providing reasonably precise estimates of channel catfish relative abundance and that the relationship with the CV of the sample reported herein can be used to determine the sampling effort for a desired level of precision. Received April 16, 2012; accepted August 8, 2012 C1 [Stewart, David R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Long, James M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Stewart, DR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 007 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM randy.stewart@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation through the Sport Fish Restoration Program [F-81-R]; Oklahoma State University through a Sitlington Enriched Graduate Scholarship FX Financial support for this publication was provided by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation through the Sport Fish Restoration Program, grant F-81-R, and Oklahoma State University through a Sitlington Enriched Graduate Scholarship. We thank J. Duck and N. Gonsoulin for help sampling fish. We thank P. Michaletz, S. Dumont, and D. Shoup for constructive comments that improved this manuscript. The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating) provided logistical support for this project. This study was performed under the auspices of Oklahoma State University's Animal Care and Use Protocol AG-10-4. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1108 EP 1112 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.720647 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097PB UT WOS:000315484900009 ER PT J AU Bowerman, T Budy, P AF Bowerman, Tracy Budy, Phaedra TI Incorporating Movement Patterns to Improve Survival Estimates for Juvenile Bull Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; LIFE-HISTORY; MARKED ANIMALS; MIGRATION PATTERNS; UNIFIED APPROACH; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; RECOVERY DATA; STREAM FISH AB Populations of many fish species are sensitive to changes in vital rates during early life stages, but our understanding of the factors affecting growth, survival, and movement patterns is often extremely limited for juvenile fish. These critical information gaps are particularly evident for bull trout Salvelinus confluentus, a threatened Pacific Northwest char. We combined several active and passive markrecapture and resight techniques to assess migration rates and estimate survival for juvenile bull trout (70170mm total length). We evaluated the relative performance of multiple survival estimation techniques by comparing results from a common CormackJollySeber (CJS) model, the less widely used Barker model, and a simple return rate (an index of survival). Juvenile bull trout of all sizes emigrated from their natal habitat throughout the year, and thereafter migrated up to 50km downstream. With the CJS model, high emigration rates led to an extreme underestimate of apparent survival, a combined estimate of site fidelity and survival. In contrast, the Barker model, which allows survival and emigration to be modeled as separate parameters, produced estimates of survival that were much less biased than the return rate. Estimates of age-class-specific annual survival from the Barker model based on all available data were 0.218 +/- 0.028 (estimate +/- SE) for age-1 bull trout and 0.231 +/- 0.065 for age-2 bull trout. This research demonstrates the importance of incorporating movement patterns into survival analyses, and we provide one of the first field-based estimates of juvenile bull trout annual survival in relatively pristine rearing conditions. These estimates can provide a baseline for comparison with future studies in more impacted systems and will help managers develop reliable stage-structured population models to evaluate future recovery strategies. Received February 1, 2012; accepted July 31, 2012 C1 [Bowerman, Tracy] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bowerman, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tracybowerman@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia River Fisheries Program Office; U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Ecology Center at Utah State University (USU); USU Vice-Presidential Fellowship; Seeley-Hinckley Scholarship FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia River Fisheries Program Office; the U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in kind); and the Ecology Center at Utah State University (USU). Additional support was provided by the USU Vice-Presidential Fellowship and the Seeley-Hinckley Scholarship, both awarded to T. Bowerman. This paper was improved by reviews of previous drafts by Carl Saunders, Mary Conner, Charles Hawkins, and Joseph Wheaton. Expert advice was provided by Howard Schaller, David Koons, and Robert Al-Chokhachy. Logistical support was provided by Peter MacKinnon, Gary Thiede, John Ehart, George Ehmer, and Dwayne Wright. Field data were collected with assistance from M. Todd, R. Carpen, M. Mustin, M. Schifiliti, G. Hill, M. Archibald, A. Dean, W. Kern, R. Al-Chokhachy, A. Hill, B. Simcox, S. Petre, L. Tennant, S. Rizza, and C. Cahill. We thank Phil Howell, Paul Sankovich, Courtney Newlon, DonAnglin, Darren Gallion, Ryan Koch, Marshall Barrows, David Hines, William Duke, and the Fish Ecology Lab at USU for providing data and support. This study was performed under the auspices of Utah State University protocol 1082. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1123 EP 1136 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.720644 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097PB UT WOS:000315484900011 ER PT J AU Kowalewski, LK Maple, AP Pegg, MA Pope, KL AF Kowalewski, Lucas K. Maple, Alexis P. Pegg, Mark A. Pope, Kevin L. TI Latitudinal Influence on Age Estimates Derived from Scales and Otoliths for Bluegills SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH; PRECISION; VALIDATION AB Scales are perceived to give reliable estimates of age of fish in northern latitudes and unreliable estimates of age in southern latitudes, whereas otoliths are perceived to give reliable estimates of age regardless of latitude. The objective of our study was to assess the influence of latitude on the estimates of ages derived from scales and otoliths for bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. Our hypothesis was that a south-to-north gradient exists for precision between scales and otoliths with partial agreement between age estimates derived from scales and otoliths for fish in southern latitudes and nearly complete agreement between age estimates derived from scales and otoliths for fish in northern latitudes. Fish were sampled from Louisiana (latitude = 30 degrees 4348N) to North Dakota (latitude = 47 degrees 0549N). Contrary to a priori expectations, we did not find greater agreement in age estimates between structures in northern bluegill stocks than in those in the southern USA. The low agreement between structures increases uncertainty in the source of aging error, given that both scales and otoliths are valid structures (i.e., age estimates validated as accurate) for estimating ages of bluegills. Biologists should not compare age-dependent parameters for bluegill populations derived from different aging structures. Received June 29, 2012; accepted July 24, 2012 C1 [Kowalewski, Lucas K.; Maple, Alexis P.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pegg, Mark A.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Kowalewski, LK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 013 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lkowalewski2@unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU Undergraduate Creative Activities and Research Experiences (UCARE) Program; Office of Undergraduate Studies; Pepsi Endowment and Program of Excellence funds; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the following biologists and agencies for providing fish: Bobby Reed, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Tim Bister, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Gary Peterson, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; Les Claybrook, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; Rob Friggeri, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Rich Meade, Missouri Department of Conservation; Jeff Jackson, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; and Gene Van Eeckhout, North Dakota Game and Fish Department. This project was partially funded by the Undergraduate Creative Activities and Research Experiences (UCARE) Program, supported by the Office of Undergraduate Studies and by the Pepsi Endowment and Program of Excellence funds. We thank Andrew Furman (UCARE student) for processing bluegills and Tony Barada and Dustin Martin for guidance and help during writing of this manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1175 EP 1179 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.717523 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097PB UT WOS:000315484900016 ER PT J AU Budy, P Thiede, GP Dean, A Olsen, D Rowley, G AF Budy, Phaedra Thiede, Gary P. Dean, Andrew Olsen, Devin Rowley, Gilbert TI A Comparative and Experimental Evaluation of Performance of Stocked Diploid and Triploid Brook Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ATLANTIC SALMON; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; FRESH-WATER; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MOUNTAIN LAKES; ARCTIC CHARR; GROWTH AB Despite numerous negative impacts, nonnative trout are still being stocked to provide economically and socially valuable sport fisheries in western mountain lakes. We evaluated relative performance and potential differences in feeding strategy and competitive ability of triploid versus diploid brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in alpine lakes, as well as behavioral and performance differences of diploid and triploid brook trout in two controlled experimental settings: behavioral experiments in the laboratory and performance evaluations in ponds. Across lakes, catch per unit effort (CPUE) and relative weight (Wr ) were not significantly different between ploidy levels. Mean sizes were also similar between ploidy levels except in two of the larger lakes where diploids attained slightly larger sizes (approximately 20mm longer). We observed no significant differences between diploids and triploids in diet, diet preference, or trophic structure. Similarly, growth and condition did not differ between ploidy levels in smaller-scale pond experiments, and aggressive behavior did not differ between ploidy levels (fed or unfed fish trials) in the laboratory. Independent of ploidy level, the relative performance of brook trout varied widely among lakes, a pattern that appeared to be a function of lake size or a factor that covaries with lake size such as temperature regime or carrying capacity. In summary, we observed no significant differences in the relative performance of brook trout from either ploidy level across a number of indices, systems, and environmental conditions, nor any indication that one group is more aggressive or a superior competitor than the other. Collectively, these results suggest that triploid brook trout will offer a more risk-averse and promising management opportunity when they are stocked to these lakes and elsewhere to simultaneously meet the needs for the sport fishery and conservation objectives. Received February 6, 2012; accepted August 27, 2012 C1 [Budy, Phaedra; Thiede, Gary P.; Dean, Andrew; Olsen, Devin; Rowley, Gilbert] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR), Sport Fish Research [F-47-R]; U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, at Utah State University (USU); U.S. Forest Service; USU IACUC at USU [1392] FX Primary funding was provided by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR), Sport Fish Research, Project XIII, grant number F-47-R. Additional support and funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, at Utah State University (USU) (in kind). We thank the UDWR Kamas Fish Hatchery for providing office space, assistance, and brook trout for pond and behavioral experiments. We thank Roger Wilson and Matt McKell of UDWR, and also the U.S. Forest Service for providing extensive project support. Thanks to Susan Durham for statistical advice and analysis. John Shivik and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticism on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Nira Salant assisted with editorial revisions and dramatically improved the manuscript over previous drafts. We also thank many folks for assistance in the field and laboratory: D. Collins, D. Olsen, W. Kern, T. Bowerman, P. MacKinnon, B. Simcox, P. Nicholson, C. Ehlo, J. Watts, L. Goss, B. Bjorkland, W. Pearce, and N. Burbank. This study was performed under the auspices of USU IACUC protocol number 1392 at USU. Mention of brand names in this manuscript does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1211 EP 1224 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.728172 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097PB UT WOS:000315484900020 ER PT J AU Colvin, ME Pierce, CL Stewart, TW Grummer, SE AF Colvin, Michael E. Pierce, Clay L. Stewart, Timothy W. Grummer, Scott E. TI Strategies to Control a Common Carp Population by Pulsed Commercial Harvest SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURALLY EUTROPHIC LAKES; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; WATER-QUALITY; BIOMANIPULATION PROJECT; AQUATIC VEGETATION; SHALLOW LAKES; NORTHERN PIKE; UNITED-STATES; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT AB Commercial fisheries are commonly used to manage nuisance fishes in freshwater systems, but such efforts are often unsuccessful. Strategies for successfully controlling a nuisance population of common carp Cyprinus carpio by pulsed commercial harvest were evaluated with a combination of (1) field sampling, (2) population estimation and CPUE indexing, and (3) simulation using an exponential semidiscrete biomass dynamics model (SDBDM). The range of annual fishing mortalities (F) that resulted in successful control (F = 0.2440.265) was narrow. Common carp biomass dynamics were sensitive to unintentional underharvest due to high rates of surplus production and a biomass doubling time of 2.7years. Simulations indicated that biomanipulation never achieved successful control unless supplemental fishing mortality was imposed. Harvest of a majority of annual production was required to achieve successful control, as indicated by the ecotrophic coefficient (EC). Readily available biomass data and tools such as SDBDMs and ECs can be used in an adaptive management framework to successfully control common carp and other nuisance fishes by pulsed commercial fishing. Received February 28, 2012; accepted August 27, 2012 C1 [Colvin, Michael E.; Stewart, Timothy W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Grummer, Scott E.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Clear Lake, IA 50428 USA. RP Colvin, ME (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM colvin.mike@gmail.com FU Iowa State University; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University; Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; IADNR FX We thank the IADNR for providing common carp harvest data and personnel support. In particular, we acknowledge the help of IADNR staff from Spirit and Clear lakes in performing mark-recapture population estimates and trawling. Additional support was provided by graduate and undergraduate students from Iowa State University. We thank Chris Chizinski and three anonymous reviews for critical comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. This project was supported in part by the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University, the Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the IADNR. The use of trade or product names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1251 EP 1264 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.728175 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097PB UT WOS:000315484900023 ER PT J AU Miesel, JR Goebel, PC Corace, RG Hix, DM Kolka, R Palik, B Mladenoff, D AF Miesel, Jessica R. Goebel, P. Charles Corace, R. Gregory, III Hix, David M. Kolka, Randall Palik, Brian Mladenoff, David TI Fire Effects on Soils in Lake States Forests: A Compilation of Published Research to Facilitate Long-Term Investigations SO FORESTS LA English DT Review DE Lake States; fire effects; soil; forest; Michigan; Minnesota; Wisconsin; New York; Ontario; Manitoba ID JACK PINE FORESTS; NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; SOUTHERN BOREAL FORESTS; OAK SAVANNA; CLEAR-CUT; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; SURROGATE TREATMENTS; EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT; CARBON STORAGE; UPPER MICHIGAN AB Fire-adapted forests of the Lake States region are poorly studied relative to those of the western and southeastern United States and our knowledge base of regional short-and long-term fire effects on soils is limited. We compiled and assessed the body of literature addressing fire effects on soils in Lake States forests to facilitate the re-measurement of previous studies for the development of new long-term datasets, and to identify existing gaps in the regional knowledge of fire effects on forest soils. Most studies reviewed addressed fire effects on chemical properties in pine-dominated forests, and long-term (>10 years) studies were limited. The major gaps in knowledge we identified include: (1) information on fire temperature and behavior information that would enhance interpretation of fire effects; (2) underrepresentation of the variety of forest types in the Lake States region; (3) information on nutrient fluxes and ecosystem processes; and (4) fire effects on soil organisms. Resolving these knowledge gaps via future research will provide for a more comprehensive understanding of fire effects in Lake States forest soils. Advancing the understanding of fire effects on soil processes and patterns in Lake States forests is critical for designing regionally appropriate long-term forest planning and management activities. C1 [Miesel, Jessica R.; Goebel, P. Charles; Corace, R. Gregory, III; Hix, David M.; Kolka, Randall; Palik, Brian] Ohio State Univ, Lake States Fire Sci Consortium, Ohio Agr & Res Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Miesel, Jessica R.; Goebel, P. Charles] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr & Res Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Corace, R. Gregory, III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, Seney, MI 49883 USA. [Hix, David M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kolka, Randall; Palik, Brian] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Ctr Res Ecosyst Change, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Mladenoff, David] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Miesel, JR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Lake States Fire Sci Consortium, Ohio Agr & Res Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM miesel.1@osu.edu; goebel.11@osu.edu; greg_corace@fws.gov; hix.6@osu.edu; rkolka@fs.fed.us; bpalik@fs.fed.us; djmladen@wisc.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program FX Funding for this work was made possible through a grant from the Joint Fire Science Program to P. C. Goebel, R. G. Corace, D. Hix, R. Kolka, B. Palik, E. Toman and R. Wilson. NR 105 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 40 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1034 EP 1070 DI 10.3390/f3041034 PG 37 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 096PG UT WOS:000315416100012 ER PT J AU Iglecia, MN Collazo, JA McKerrow, AJ AF Iglecia, Monica N. Collazo, Jaime A. McKerrow, Alexa J. TI Use of Occupancy Models to Evaluate Expert Knowledge-based Species-Habitat Relationships SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey; Brown-headed Nuthatch; Eastern Wood-Pewee; expert knowledge; habitat conservation; Red-headed Woodpecker; South Atlantic Coastal Plain ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER; FOREST BIRDS; ABUNDANCE; LANDSCAPE; RESOLUTION; ECOLOGY AB Expert knowledge-based species-habitat relationships are used extensively to guide conservation planning, particularly when data are scarce. Purported relationships describe the initial state of knowledge, but are rarely tested. We assessed support in the data for suitability rankings of vegetation types based on expert knowledge for three terrestrial avian species in the South Atlantic Coastal Plain of the United States. Experts used published studies, natural history, survey data, and field experience to rank vegetation types as optimal, suitable, and marginal. We used single-season occupancy models, coupled with land cover and Breeding Bird Survey data, to examine the hypothesis that patterns of occupancy conformed to species-habitat suitability rankings purported by experts. Purported habitat suitability was validated for two of three species. As predicted for the Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) and Brown-headed Nuthatch (Sitta pusilla), occupancy was strongly influenced by vegetation types classified as "optimal habitat" by the species suitability rankings for nuthatches and wood-pewees. Contrary to predictions, Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) models that included vegetation types as covariates received similar support by the data as models without vegetation types. For all three species, occupancy was also related to sampling latitude. Our results suggest that covariates representing other habitat requirements might be necessary to model occurrence of generalist species like the woodpecker. The modeling approach described herein provides a means to test expert knowledge-based species-habitat relationships, and hence, help guide conservation planning. C1 [Iglecia, Monica N.] N Carolina State Univ, Biodivers & Spatial Informat Ctr, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. FU Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies FX We thank the Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center at North Carolina State University and the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center for their logistical and analytical support. We thank the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies for funding this research. We are grateful to S. Williams for assistance with coding and spatial analyses, and to J. Nichols, J. Hines, M. Krachey, G. Brown, and K. Pollock for their statistical advice. We also thank A. Drew, N. Haddad, R. Mordecai, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firms names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 47 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR 5 DI 10.5751/ACE-00551-070205 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 096AN UT WOS:000315376200005 ER PT J AU Riedle, JD Rosen, PC Kazmaier, RT Holm, P Jones, CA AF Riedle, J. Daren Rosen, Philip C. Kazmaier, Richard T. Holm, Peter Jones, Cristina A. TI Conservation Status of an Endemic Kinosternid, Kinosternon sonoriense longifemorale, in Arizona SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Kinosternon sonoriense longifemorale; Arizona; Sonoyta mud turtle; Population Viability Analysis; assurance colonies ID LIFE-HISTORY; CYPRINODON-MACULARIUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PAINTED TURTLES; DESERT PUPFISH; DEMOGRAPHY; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS; REGION AB The Sonoyta mud turtle (Kinosternon sonoriense longifemorale) is a member of the unique desert riparian fauna isolated along the Rio Sonoyta watershed in northern Sonora, Mexico, and southern Arizona. This subspecies occupies six sites along the Rio Sonoyta, a pool at Quitovac in Sonora, and one pond at Quitobaquito Springs in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument in Arizona. Since the mid-1980s, population estimates for the US population have ranged from 39-153 individuals. In 2006-2007, the human-made Quitobaquito Pond began losing water, and discussions were held concerning the fate of the turtles. During three salvage efforts all Sonoyta mud turtles encountered were captured and transported to temporary holding facilities. Because the minimum number of turtles needed for re-establishment was unknown, we conducted a Population Viability Analysis (PVA) to determine the number of Sonoyta mud turtles that should be held in an assurance colony. Results from both our PVA and previous work suggested that juvenile survivorship has the strongest effect on female transition rates from nonreproductive to reproductive age classes and in turn population growth; thus, a wide range of age classes should be maintained in an assurance colony. C1 [Riedle, J. Daren] Lincoln Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Jefferson City, MO 65105 USA. [Rosen, Philip C.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rosen, Philip C.] Univ Arizona, USGS Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kazmaier, Richard T.] W Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Earth & Environm Sci, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. [Holm, Peter] Organ Pipe Cactus Natl Monument, Natl Pk Serv, Ajo, AZ 85321 USA. [Jones, Cristina A.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Nongame Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. RP Riedle, JD (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Jefferson City, MO 65105 USA. EM RiedleJ@lincolnu.edu; pcrosen@marizona.edu; rkazmaier@wtamu.edu; peter_holm@nps.gov; cjones@azgfd.gov FU Western National Parks Association; Arizona Game and Fish Department; National Park Service; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum; Phoenix Zoo FX We would like to thank the Western National Parks Association for funding to conduct the PVA for the Sonoyta mud turtle. Additional funding and support for earlier monitoring of the Quitobaquito population was provided by the Arizona Game and Fish Department, National Park Service, and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Additional support was provided by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum and the Phoenix Zoo. We thank all the paid and unpaid assistants who aided with ongoing monitoring and salvaging efforts, in particular Charles Conner and Ami Pate (Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument), Yvonne Anderson, Jim Shurtliff, Bruce Weise, and Erin Zylstra. This manuscript is contribution 2011-15 from the Cooperative Research Programs, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 11 IS 2 BP 182 EP 189 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069AD UT WOS:000313406400004 ER PT J AU Lamont, MM Carthy, RR Fujisaki, I AF Lamont, Margaret M. Carthy, Raymond R. Fujisaki, Ikuko TI Declining Reproductive Parameters Highlight Conservation Needs of Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; clutch size; emergence success; marine turtles; nest abundance; nesting ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; SEA-TURTLES; CUMBERLAND ISLAND; MARINE TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLES; USA; FLORIDA; POPULATION; BEACH AB Marine turtles in the Gulf of Mexico are at risk due to many anthropogenic threats including habitat degradation, commercial fishing, and petroleum activities. The severity of this risk was made apparent in 2010 with the occurrence of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The objectives of this study were to assess long-term trends in abundance and reproductive parameters for this genetically distinct nesting group. From 1994 to 2010, morning surveys were conducted along 3 beaches on the St Joseph Peninsula, Florida, including within our primary study site on Cape San Bias. Nest abundance on all 3 beaches declined by at least 47% (p < 0.01). Mean nesting success on Cape San Blas was 40% and also declined (p = 0.002). Mean clutch size was 108 and mean emergence success was 58%. Throughout the study there were no changes in clutch size and emergence success. We found that nesting characteristics for the northern Gulf of Mexico subpopulation appear similar to those from other loggerhead turtle nesting groups in the southeastern United States in some ways, such as emergence success, timing of peak nesting, and incubation duration and different in other ways such as nesting success. Variation in some of the parameters may indicate turtles among the different nesting groups experience different environmental conditions. The severity of declines in nest abundance and the low nesting success reported for this small subpopulation suggest potentially serious consequences for this nesting group. C1 [Lamont, Margaret M.; Carthy, Raymond R.] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Lamont, MM (reprint author), Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 110485, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mmlamont@mindspring.com; ngosi@zoo.ufl.edu; ikuko@ufl.edu FU Department of Defense, Eglin Air Force Base FX The Department of Defense, Eglin Air Force Base, provided funding for this project. We are especially grateful to B. Hagedorn, B. Miller, and K. Gault from Eglin Air Force Base for their continued support. We acknowledge M. Schaefbauer, E. McMichael, R. Scarpino, and B. Stephens for overseeing field duties and the countless interns who have assisted in data collection. This work was conducted under the State of Florida Marine Turtle Permit 094 issued to R. Carthy. All turtle handling and sampling was performed according to the University of Florida's Institutional Animal Care Protocols (IACUC-A621). NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 73 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 11 IS 2 BP 190 EP 196 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069AD UT WOS:000313406400005 ER PT J AU Ottinger, CA Honeyfield, DC Densmore, CL Iwanowicz, LR AF Ottinger, Christopher A. Honeyfield, Dale C. Densmore, Christine L. Iwanowicz, Luke R. TI Impact of Thiamine Deficiency on T-cell Dependent and T-cell Independent Antibody Production in Lake Trout SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; YOLK-SAC FRY; DIETARY VITAMIN-C; BALTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENE-EXPRESSION; LABEO-ROHITA AB Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush on thiamine-replete and thiamine-depleted diets were evaluated for the effects of thiamine status on in vivo responses to the T-dependent antigen trinitophenol (TNP)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH), the T-independent antigen trinitrophenol-lipolysaccaharide (TNP-LPS), or Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS; negative control fish). Plasma antibody concentrations were evaluated for possible differences in total anti-TNP activity as well as differences in response kinetics. Associations between anti-TNP activity and muscle and liver thiamine concentrations as well as ratios of muscle-to-liver thiamine to anti-TNP activity were also examined. Thiamine-depleted lake trout that were injected with TNP-LPS exhibited significantly more anti-TNP activity than thiamine-replete fish. The depleted fish injected with TNP-LPS also exhibited significantly different response kinetics relative to thiamine-replete lake trout. No differences in activity or kinetics were observed between the thiamine-replete and -depleted fish injected with TNP-KLH or in the DPBS negative controls. Anti-TNP activity in thiamine-depleted lake trout injected with TNP-KLH was positively associated with muscle thiamine pyrophosphate (thiamine diphosphate; TPP) concentration. A negative association was observed between the ratio of muscle-to-liver TPP and T-independent responses. No significant associations between anti-TNP activity and tissue thiamine concentration were observed in the thiamine-replete fish. We demonstrated that thiamine deficiency leads to alterations in both T-dependent and T-independent immune responses in lake trout. Received July 25, 2011; accepted July 12, 2012 C1 [Ottinger, Christopher A.; Densmore, Christine L.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown, WV 25430 USA. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM honeyfie@usgs.gov OI Ottinger, Christopher/0000-0003-2551-1985; Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU Great Lakes Fisheries Commission FX We thank The Great Lakes Fisheries Commission for their financial support of this project and William Ridge for his assistance with feed preparation and animal care. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 258 EP 273 DI 10.1080/08997659.2012.713890 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 089LX UT WOS:000314913200009 PM 23134222 ER PT J AU Hightower, JE Harris, JE Raabe, JK Brownell, P Drew, CA AF Hightower, Joseph E. Harris, Julianne E. Raabe, Joshua K. Brownell, Prescott Drew, C. Ashton TI A Bayesian Spawning Habitat Suitability Model for American Shad in Southeastern United States Rivers SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American; habitat; shad; spawning; suitability ID LOW-HEAD LOCK; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; NORTH-CAROLINA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SELECTION; DAM; POPULATIONS; MIGRATION; SITES; PREDATION AB Habitat suitability index models for American shad Alosa sapidissima were developed by Stier and Crance in 1985. These models, which were based on a combination of published information and expert opinion, are often used to make decisions about hydropower dam operations and fish passage. The purpose of this study was to develop updated habitat suitability index models for spawning American shad in the southeastern United States, building on the many field and laboratory studies completed since 1985. We surveyed biologists who had knowledge about American shad spawning grounds, assembled a panel of experts to discuss important habitat variables, and used raw data from published and unpublished studies to develop new habitat suitability curves. The updated curves are based on resource selection functions, which can model habitat selectivity based on use and availability of particular habitats. Using field data collected in eight rivers from Virginia to Florida (Mattaponi, Pamunkey, Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, Cape Fear, Pee Dee, St. Johns), we obtained new curves for temperature, current velocity, and depth that were generally similar to the original models. Our new suitability function for substrate was also similar to the original pattern, except that sand (optimal in the original model) has a very low estimated suitability. The Bayesian approach that we used to develop habitat suitability curves provides an objective framework for updating the model as new studies are completed and for testing the model's applicability in other parts of the species' range. C1 [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Harris, Julianne E.; Raabe, Joshua K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brownell, Prescott] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Habitat Conservat Div, Charleston Branch Off, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Drew, C. Ashton] N Carolina State Univ, Biodivers & Spatial Informat Ctr, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jhightower@ncsu.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This study was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 39 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 184 EP 198 DI 10.3996/082011-JFWM-047 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400001 ER PT J AU Sweka, JA Wagner, T Detar, J Kristine, D AF Sweka, John A. Wagner, Tyler Detar, Jason Kristine, David TI Combining Field Data With Computer Simulations to Determine a Representative Reach for Brook Trout Assessment SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brook trout; representative reach; estimation; density; biomass ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; STREAMS; ABUNDANCE; FISH AB Fisheries biologists often use backpack electrofishing to sample stream fish. A common goal of sampling is to estimate density and/or biomass to make inferences about the status and trends of fish populations. One challenge when estimating population size is determining an appropriate site or reach length to sample. In this study, we empirically determined the required length of stream that needs to be sampled, assuming the study design is one site per stream, in order to achieve a desired level of accuracy for brook trout density and biomass estimates in Pennsylvania headwater streams. Long sample reaches (600 m) were chosen on seven first to third order streams and these sites were broken into twelve 50-m subreaches. Each subreach was sampled by removal electrofishing techniques until either five electrofishing passes were completed or no brook trout were captured. The total density and biomass of brook trout over all 50-m subreaches was considered the "true" density and biomass for the entire reach. We then performed computer simulations in which various numbers of 50-m subreaches were randomly selected and catches from each subreach were summed within the first three electrofishing passes to simulate removal sampling of site lengths ranging from 50 to 550 m. Population estimates were made using a removal estimator and density and biomass were calculated using various stratification schemes based on fish age and size. Estimates of density and biomass were then compared to the true values to assess the possible range in bias of estimates for a given reach length. Results from our simulations suggest a 200- to 250-m-long or a 400- to 450-m-long stream reach or site is needed to estimate brook trout density and biomass within 50% and 25%, respectively, of the true density and biomass. This information and our methodology will be valuable to fisheries managers in developing standardized protocols for assessing trout populations in small streams. C1 [Sweka, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Detar, Jason; Kristine, David] Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. RP Sweka, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM john_sweka@fws.gov FU Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Fishery Center, Lamar, Pennsylvania FX We would like to thank Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission staff (Andy Leakey, Amidea Daniels, and Dave Nihart), Northeast Fishery Center staff (Rebecca Lynch, Steve Krum, Steve Davis, Lyndsie Wszola, Greg Jacobs, and Brian Layton), and research assistants from The Pennsylvania State University (Rebecca Wagner and David Stainbrook) for their help in electrofishing for brook trout. Funding for this study was provided by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Fishery Center, Lamar, Pennsylvania. This manuscript was improved with the comments of Dr Mike Millard (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Fishery Center), Julie Nieland (NOAA), Joan Trial (Maine Department of Marine Resources), Alan Temple (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Conservation Training Center) and an anonymous reviewer. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.3996/032012-JFWM-027 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400003 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB Young, SP Isely, JJ Ely, PC AF Grabowski, Timothy B. Young, Shawn P. Isely, J. Jeffery Ely, Patrick C. TI Age, Growth, and Reproductive Biology of Three Catostomids From the Apalachicola River, Florida SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE egg composition; environmental flows; life-history strategy; reproductive ecology; riverine fish conservation ID QUILLBACK CARPIODES-CYPRINUS; SUCKER MINYTREMA-MELANOPS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SPOTTED SUCKER; SAVANNA RIVER; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; FLANNELMOUTH SUCKER; COLORADO RIVER AB Riverine catostomids can show a wide range of interspecific variation in life-history characteristics. Understanding these differences is an important consideration in evaluating the sensitivity of these fishes to disturbance and in formulating effective conservation strategies, particularly when dealing with an assemblage consisting of multiple species within a watershed. We collected Apalachicola redhorse Moxostoma n. sp. cf. poecilurum (n = 125), spotted sucker Minytrema melanops (n = 94), and quillback Carpiodes cyprinus (n = 94) to determine age, growth, and reproductive biology of spawning catostomids in the Apalachicola River, Florida, during 2007. Quillback was the smallest in total length at age; longest-lived; most fecund; and produced the smallest eggs. Apalachicola redhorse was the largest in body size; had an intermediate life span; and produced the fewest yet largest eggs. Spotted sucker was more similar to Apalachicola redhorse in most characteristics. Growth during ages 1-3 in all three species seemed to be negatively related to the proportion of observations of extreme flow, both high (Q(90)) and low (Q(10)), per year and a positive response in growth rate to high flows (>Q(75) but < Q(90)). However, Apalachicola redhorse and spotted sucker growth was more sensitive to flow conditions than that of quillback. Our results suggest the life histories and ecological response of Apalachicola River catostomids to flow regulation are important components for developing strategies that incorporate the needs of these fishery resources into an ecosystem-based management approach. C1 [Grabowski, Timothy B.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Young, Shawn P.; Ely, Patrick C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Isely, J. Jeffery] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM t.grabowski@ttu.edu NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 26 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 223 EP 237 DI 10.3996/012012-JFWM-008 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400004 ER PT J AU Krementz, DG Asante, K Naylor, LW AF Krementz, David G. Asante, Kwasi Naylor, Luke W. TI Autumn Migration of Mississippi Flyway Mallards as Determined by Satellite Telemetry SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; autumn migration; mallard; movements; satellite telemetry ID ALLUVIAL VALLEY; HOME-RANGE; SPRING MIGRATION; FEMALE MALLARDS; WINTER; WATERFOWL; ROUTES AB We used satellite telemetry to study autumn migration timing, routes, stopover duration, and final destinations of mallards Anas platyrhynchos captured the previous spring in Arkansas from 2004 to 2007. Of those mallards that still had functioning transmitters on September 15 (n = 55), the average date when autumn migration began was October 23 (SE = 2.62 d; range = September 17-December 7). For those mallards that stopped for >1 d during migration, the average stopover length was 15.4 d (SE = 1.47 d). Ten mallards migrated nonstop to wintering sites. The eastern Dakotas were a heavily utilized stopover area. The total distance migrated per mallard averaged 1,407 km (SE = 89.55 km; range = 142-2,947 km). The average time spent on migration per individual between September 15 and December 15 was 27 d (SE = 2.88 d; range = 2-84 d). The state where most mallards were located on December 15 was Missouri (11) followed by Arkansas (8), while 5 mallards were still in Canada, and only 8 of 43 females and 0 of 10 males were present in Arkansas. The eastern Dakotas are a heavily utilized migration stopover for midcontinent mallards that may require more attention for migration habitat management. The reasons for so few mallards, especially male mallards, returning to Arkansas the following year deserves further research. C1 [Krementz, David G.] 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Asante, Kwasi] 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Naylor, Luke W.] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Krementz, DG (reprint author), 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM Krementz@uark.edu FU Arkansas Game & Fish Commission; U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Arkansas FX Funding was provided by the Arkansas Game & Fish Commission, the U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the University of Arkansas. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 22 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 238 EP 251 DI 10.3996/022012-JFWM-019 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400005 ER PT J AU Rodgers, JA Brooks, WB Barrett, M AF Rodgers, James A., Jr. Brooks, William B. Barrett, Mark TI Productivity and Habitat Modeling of Wood Storks Nesting in North and Central Florida SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Florida; habitat modeling; landscape analysis; Mycteria americana; productivity; wood stork ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EAST-CENTRAL GEORGIA; MYCTERIA-AMERICANA; FORAGING HABITAT; POPULATION; SELECTION; SUCCESS; ASSOCIATIONS; EVERGLADES; LANDSCAPE AB Rainfall, surface water levels, location within the state, and area and types of habitats (n = 29) surrounding wood stork Mycteria americana colonies in North and Central Florida were analyzed at 10-km, 20-km, and 30-km radii around each colony to examine their relationship with fledging rate and number of nests during 2003-2005. Seven variables within 10 km, 14 variables within 20 km, and 6 variables within 30 km of colonies were correlated with fledging rates. Fledging rate and number of nests were significantly associated with both wetland and nonwetland area and habitats. Among all the variables, fledging rate was most strongly associated with rainfall during the preceding 12-24 mo. Both larger colonies and colonies in North Florida had higher fledging rates. Although some variables had a positive association and other variables had a negative correlation with fledging rates, results were not consistent across all three radii, which suggests that the effects of hydrologic and habitat variables differs with increasing distance from a colony. The size of a wood stork colony was sensitive to a larger number of variables and varied by distances from the colony. Colonies were smaller in the northern part of Florida, and coastal colonies were larger than interior colonies. Because wood storks often use ephemeral foraging sites closer to a colony early in the season and those sites may not be available later in the season, wood storks may shift to alternate, more distant sites and habitats later in the season. A hypothesis is proposed whereby wood storks establish their colonies using proximate clues of prey availability based on the effects of past rainfall and certain preferred habitat types. These proximate cues to prey availability and foraging substrate surrounding a colony are detected by wood storks before the onset and during the initial nesting season. However, the long-term stability of a colony may ultimately be determined by yearly rainfall patterns and habitat variables at larger distances and by fledging rates that contribute to recruitment of nesting birds and an increase in number of nests. C1 [Rodgers, James A., Jr.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Brooks, William B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. [Barrett, Mark] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. RP Rodgers, JA (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 1105 SW Williston Rd, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM james.rodgers@MyFWC.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; St. Johns River Water Management District; Nongame Wildlife Trust Fund of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, St. Johns River Water Management District, and Nongame Wildlife Trust Fund of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 252 EP 265 DI 10.3996/022012-JFWM-016 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400006 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Halstead, BJ Casazza, ML Coates, PS Kohl, JD Skalos, DA AF Fleskes, Joseph P. Halstead, Brian J. Casazza, Michael L. Coates, Peter S. Kohl, Jeffrey D. Skalos, Daniel A. TI Waste Rice Seed in Conventional and Stripper-Head Harvested Fields in California: Implications for Wintering Waterfowl SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California; rice; Sacramento Valley; seed density; waste grain; waterfowl ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; NORTHERN PINTAILS; WATERBIRDS; WINBUGS; FOODS AB Waste rice seed is an important food for wintering waterfowl and current estimates of its availability are needed to determine the carrying capacity of rice fields and guide habitat conservation. We used a line-intercept method to estimate mass-density of rice seed remaining after harvest during 2010 in the Sacramento Valley (SACV) of California and compared results with estimates from previous studies in the SACV and Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). Posterior mean (95% credible interval) estimates of total waste rice seed mass-density for the SACV in 2010 were 388 (336-449) kg/ha in conventionally harvested fields and 245 (198-307) kg/ha in stripper-head harvested fields; the 2010 mass-density is nearly identical to the mid-1980s estimate for conventionally harvested fields but 36% lower than the mid-1990s estimate for stripped fields. About 18% of SACV fields were stripper-head harvested in 2010 vs. 9-15% in the mid-1990s and 0% in the mid-1980s; but due to a 50% increase in planted rice area, total mass of waste rice seed in SACV remaining after harvest in 2010 was 43% greater than in the mid-1980s. However, total mass of seed-eating waterfowl also increased 82%, and the ratio of waste rice seed to seed-eating waterfowl mass was 21% smaller in 2010 than in the mid-1980s. Mass-densities of waste rice remaining after harvest in SACV fields are within the range reported for MAV fields. However, because there is a lag between harvest and waterfowl use in the MAV but not in the SACV, seed loss is greater in the MAV and estimated waste seed mass-density available to wintering waterfowl in SACV fields is about 5-30 times recent MAV estimates. Waste rice seed remains an abundant food source for waterfowl wintering in the SACV, but increased use of stripper-head harvesters would reduce this food. To provide accurate data on carrying capacities of rice fields necessary for conservation planning, trends in planted rice area, harvest method, and postharvest field treatment should be tracked and impacts of postharvest field treatment and other farming practices on waste rice seed availability should be investigated. C1 [Fleskes, Joseph P.; Halstead, Brian J.; Casazza, Michael L.; Coates, Peter S.; Kohl, Jeffrey D.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Skalos, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU U.S. Geological Survey-USFWS Science Support Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Southwest Region; CVJV FX This and the earlier project that developed the field methodology for this project received funding through the U.S. Geological Survey-USFWS Science Support Program; additional funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Southwest Region and the CVJV. We thank R. Holbrook, M. Strassburger, R. Shaffer, and D. Elam for facilitating this support. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 266 EP 275 DI 10.3996/022012-JFWM-014 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400007 ER PT J AU Trushenski, JT Bowker, JD AF Trushenski, Jesse T. Bowker, James D. TI Effect of Voltage and Exposure Time on Fish Response to Electrosedation SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE sedation; electroanesthesia; stress; blood chemistry; sunshine bass; hybrid striped bass; Morone spp. ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; CLOVE OIL; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; PLASMA-CORTISOL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHANNEL CATFISH AB Chemical sedatives requiring withdrawal (period of time where fish are held posttreatment to allow for tissue drug residues to dissipate) may be impractical for field use. As a result, fisheries professionals are beginning to investigate alternative methods that allow fish to be released immediately after treatment. To address the safety and efficacy of electrosedation as an "immediate-release" sedative approach, induction, recovery times, and blood chemistry of juvenile (211 +/- 4 g, 26.1 +/- 0.1 cm total length [mean +/- SE]) hybrid striped bass (female Morone chrysops x male M. saxatilis) were evaluated after sedation by exposure to 100, 150, or 200 V of pulsed direct current (30 Hz and 25% duty cycle) for 4 or 8 s. All fish were sedated to stage IV sedation within 0.3 min, regardless of voltage strength or exposure time. Recovery times varied significantly by the electrosedation treatment used, but all fish recovered within 2 min postinduction. Changes in blood chemistry were consistent with an acute stress response, but these effects were transient and no differences were observed among the electrosedation treatments. Results suggest that pulsed direct current electrosedation is an effective strategy for quickly and easily sedating juvenile hybrid striped bass and potentially other species of conservation or management concern. C1 [Trushenski, Jesse T.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Trushenski, JT (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, 1125 Lincoln Dr,Room 173, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 276 EP 287 DI 10.3996/102011-JFWM-060 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400008 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, CE Finn, JE AF Zimmerman, Christian E. Finn, James E. TI A Simple Method for In Situ Monitoring of Water Temperature in Substrates Used by Spawning Salmonids SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE salmon; spawning; temperature; trout ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; TROUT SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; CHUM SALMON; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; COLUMBIA RIVER; SNAKE RIVER; GROUNDWATER; STREAM; SELECTION AB Interstitial water temperature within spawning habitats of salmonids may differ from surface-water temperature depending on intragravel flow paths, geomorphic setting, or presence of groundwater. Because survival and developmental timing of salmon are partly controlled by temperature, monitoring temperature within gravels used by spawning salmonids is required to adequately describe the environment experienced by incubating eggs and embryos. Here we describe a simple method of deploying electronic data loggers within gravel substrates with minimal alteration of the natural gravel structure and composition. Using data collected in spawning sites used by summer and fall chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta from two streams within the Yukon River watershed, we compare contrasting thermal regimes to demonstrate the utility of this method. C1 [Zimmerman, Christian E.; Finn, James E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Zimmerman, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM czimmerman@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many people who played a role in developing this method and who often endured air temperatures as low as -30 degrees C while installing data loggers in substrates used by fall chum salmon in interior Alaska rivers. Specifically, we thank Scott Maclean, Jason Baker, Johnny Zutz, Eric Knudsen, Sean Burril, and Vanessa von Biela for help in method development and fieldwork. The Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative provided funding for our work on the Tanana River and the U.S. Geological Survey provided other funding. Bonnie Borba and Richard Driscoll of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game provided radiote-lemetry data to allow for identification of spawning sites used by chum salmon on the Tanana River. Dave Meyer and Sue Mauger provided helpful comments on a previous version of this paper. We thank the anonymous reviewers and Subject Editor for comments and suggestions that improved this paper. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 17 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.3996/032012-JFWM-025 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400009 ER PT J AU Duarte, A Wolcott, DM Chow, TE Ricca, MA AF Duarte, Adam Wolcott, Daniel M. Chow, T. Edwin Ricca, Mark A. TI Identifying Potential Habitat for the Endangered Aleutian Shield Fern Using Topographical Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Andreaonof Islands; endangered species; Geographical Information System; habitat suitability; Polystichum aleuticum ID ISLAND; ALASKA AB The Aleutian shield fern Polystichum aleuticum is endemic to the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska and is listed as endangered pursuant to the U. S. Endangered Species Act. Despite numerous efforts to discover new populations of this species, only four known populations are documented to date, and information is needed to prioritize locations for future surveys. Therefore, we incorporated topographical habitat characteristics (elevation, slope, aspect, distance from coastline, and anthropogenic footprint) found at known Aleutian shield fern locations into a Geographical Information System (GIS) model to create a habitat suitability map for the entirety of the Andreaonof Islands. A total of 18 islands contained 489.26 km(2) of highly suitable and moderately suitable habitat when weighting each factor equally. This study reports a habitat suitability map for the endangered Aleutian shield fern using topographical characteristics, which can be used to assist current and future recovery efforts for the species. C1 [Duarte, Adam; Wolcott, Daniel M.] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Chow, T. Edwin] Texas State Univ, Dept Geog, Texas Ctr Geog Informat Sci, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Ricca, Mark A.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Duarte, A (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM ad1401@txstate.edu FU USFWS-Invasives with Volunteers Program; USGS Western Ecological Research Center FX We are grateful to the Fall 2011 Texas State University Geographic Information Systems (GEO 7417) class for their helpful comments and suggestions during the development of this project. We thank Alex Hartman (USGS), two anonymous reviewers, and the Subject Editor for critiques on earlier manuscript drafts. We would also like to acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey's Seamless Data Warehouse and the Alaska State Geo-Spatial Data Clearinghouse for the GIS layers used in this analysis. The USFWS-Invasives with Volunteers Program and USGS Western Ecological Research Center provided funding for field work that indirectly spawned the ideas behind this manuscript. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.3996/032012-JFWM-023 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400011 ER PT J AU Collins, GH Bauman, BT AF Collins, Gail H. Bauman, Bradley T. TI Distribution of Low-Elevation American Pika Populations in the Northern Great Basin SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American pika; Great Basin; low-elevation distribution; Sheldon-Hart Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex ID OCHOTONA-PRINCEPS; MONTANE MAMMALS; SIERRA-NEVADA; BIOGEOGRAPHY; EXTINCTIONS; BEHAVIOR; CLIMATE; LAGOMORPHA; DISPERSAL; MOUNTAINS AB The recent discovery that a portion of the historically described populations of American pikas Ochotona princeps in the Great Basin of North America appear to be extinct added emphasis to earlier warnings that these populations may be highly vulnerable, in particular those occurring at low elevations (<2,500 m). Pikas in the Great Basin have received increased scientific interest; however, there is still little known about the distribution or number of populations throughout their range. Here we report on the discovery of several previously undescribed low-elevation pika populations in Southeast Oregon and Northwest Nevada. The average elevation of sites currently occupied by pikas was 1,993 m (range = 1,648-2,357 m). This and other recent discoveries suggest that pikas may be more common at low elevations in portions of the northern Great Basin than previously suspected (i.e., >2,500 m). C1 [Collins, Gail H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. [Bauman, Bradley T.] Nevada Dept Wildlife, Winnemucca, NV 89445 USA. RP Collins, GH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,POB, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. EM gail_collins@fws.gov FU Nevada Department of Wildlife; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding was provided by the Nevada Department of Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 33 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.3996/042012-JFWM-032 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400012 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE McMurray, SE Roberts, AD Barnhart, MC Ingersoll, CG Wang, N Augspurger, T AF Hinck, Jo Ellen McMurray, Stephen E. Roberts, Andrew D. Barnhart, M. Christopher Ingersoll, Christopher G. Wang, Ning Augspurger, Tom TI Spatial and Temporal Trends of Freshwater Mussel Assemblages in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE extirpation; field survey; freshwater mussels; status; Unionoidea ID FLUMINEA DIE-OFFS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; LAMPSILIS-SILIQUOIDEA; LEAD; UNIONIDAE; SENSITIVITY; TOXICITY; AMMONIA; STREAMS; EXPOSURES AB The Meramec River basin in east-central Missouri has one of the most diverse unionoid mussel faunas in the central United States with >40 species identified. Data were analyzed from historical surveys to test whether diversity and abundance of mussels in the Meramec River basin (Big, Bourbeuse, and Meramec rivers, representing >400 river miles) decreased between 1978 and 1997. We found that over 20 y, species richness and diversity decreased significantly in the Bourbeuse and Meramec rivers but not in the Big River. Most species were found at fewer sites and in lower numbers in 1997 than in 1978. Federally endangered species and Missouri Species of Conservation Concern with the most severe temporal declines were Alasmidonta viridis, Arcidens confragosus, Elliptio crassidens, Epioblasma triquetra, Fusconaia ebena, Lampsilis abrupta, Lampsilis brittsi, and Simpsonaias ambigua. Averaged across all species, mussels were generally being extirpated from historical sampling sites more rapidly than colonization was occurring. An exception was one reach of the Meramec River between river miles 28.4 and 59.5, where mussel abundance and diversity were greater than in other reaches and where colonization of Margaritiferidae, Lampsilini, and Quadrulini exceeded extirpation. The exact reasons mussel diversity and abundance have remained robust in this 30-mile reach is uncertain, but the reach is associated with increased gradients, few long pools, and vertical rock faces, all of which are preferable for mussels. Complete loss of mussel communities at eight sites (16%) with relatively diverse historical assemblages was attributed to physical habitat changes including bank erosion, unstable substrate, and sedimentation. Mussel conservation efforts, including restoring and protecting riparian habitats, limiting the effects of in-stream sand and gravel mining, monitoring and controlling invasive species, and protecting water quality, may be warranted in the Meramec River basin. C1 [Hinck, Jo Ellen; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Wang, Ning] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [McMurray, Stephen E.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Cent Reg Off, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [McMurray, Stephen E.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Conservat Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Roberts, Andrew D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Barnhart, M. Christopher] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by Area Strategic Integrated Science and Technology Funds of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 31 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 319 EP 331 DI 10.3996/052012-JFWM-038 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400013 ER PT J AU Jensen, PC Purcell, MK Morado, JF Eckert, GL AF Jensen, Pamela C. Purcell, Maureen K. Morado, J. Frank Eckert, Ginny L. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF PLANKTONIC RED KING CRAB (PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS (TILESIUS 1815)) LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Paralithodes camtschaticus; real-time polymerase chain reaction; quantification; plankton; larva; red king crab ID SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; BRACHYURAN CRABS; SAMPLES; ALASKA; QUANTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCE; DECAPODA; AMPLIFICATION AB The Alaskan red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) fishery was once one of the most economically important single-species fisheries in the world, but is currently depressed. This fishery would benefit from improved stock assessment capabilities. Larval crab distribution is patchy temporally and spatially, requiring extensive sampling efforts to locate and track larval dispersal. Large-scale plankton surveys are generally cost prohibitive because of the effort required for collection and the time and taxonomic expertise required to sort samples to identify plankton individually via light microscopy. Here, we report the development of primers and a dual-labeled probe for use in a DNA-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the red king crab, mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I for the detection of red king crab larvae DNA in plankton samples. The assay allows identification of plankton samples containing crab larvae DNA and provides an estimate of DNA copy number present in a sample without sorting the plankton sample visually. The assay was tested on DNA extracted from whole red king crab larvae and plankton samples seeded with whole larvae, and it detected DNA copies equivalent to 1/10,000th of a larva and 1 crab larva/5mL sieved plankton, respectively. The real-time polymerase chain reaction assay can be used to screen plankton samples for larvae in a fraction of the time required for traditional microscopial methods, which offers advantages for stock assessment methodologies for red king crab as well as a rapid and reliable method to assess abundance of red king crab larvae as needed to improve the understanding of life history and population processes, including larval population dynamics. C1 [Jensen, Pamela C.; Morado, J. Frank] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Eckert, Ginny L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Jensen, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM pam.jensen@noaa.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU North Pacific Research Board; AFSC; Western Fisheries Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Brent Vadopalas for helpful discussions; Celeste Leroux, Ben Daly, and the Alutiiq Pride Hatchery for RKC larvae; the Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) for plankton samples; and Jim Winton and Vanessa Lowe for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board with additional support from the AFSC and Western Fisheries Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey. The findings and conclusions in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA). Reference to trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not imply official endorsement or approval by NOAA, the U.S. Department of Interior, or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 917 EP 924 DI 10.2983/035.031.0402 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TN UT WOS:000313389200002 ER PT J AU Soniat, TM Klinck, JM Powell, EN Cooper, N Abdelguerfi, M Hofmann, EE Dahal, J Tu, SR Finigan, J Eberline, BS La Peyre, JF La Peyre, MK Qaddoura, F AF Soniat, Thomas M. Klinck, John M. Powell, Eric N. Cooper, Nathan Abdelguerfi, Mahdi Hofmann, Eileen E. Dahal, Janak Tu, Shengru Finigan, John Eberline, Benjamin S. La Peyre, Jerome F. La Peyre, Megan K. Qaddoura, Fareed TI A SHELL-NEUTRAL MODELING APPROACH YIELDS SUSTAINABLE OYSTER HARVEST ESTIMATES: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LOUISIANA STATE PRIMARY SEED GROUNDS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oyster; Crassostrea virginica; fisheries; modeling; stock assessment; restoration; sustainability; shell budget; Louisiana ID PERKINSUS-MARINUS INFECTION; STABLE REFERENCE POINTS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; EASTERN OYSTER; POPULATION-MODEL; GALVESTON-BAY; DELAWARE BAY; DISEASE; MANAGEMENT; USA AB A numerical model is presented that defines a sustainability criterion as no net loss of shell, and calculates a sustainable harvest of seed (<75 mm) and sack or market oysters (>= 75 mm). Stock assessments of the Primary State Seed Grounds conducted east of the Mississippi from 2009 to 2011 show a general trend toward decreasing abundance of sack and seed oysters. Retrospective simulations provide estimates of annual sustainable harvests. Comparisons of simulated sustainable harvests with actual harvests show a trend toward unsustainable harvests toward the end of the time series. Stock assessments combined with shell-neutral models can be used to estimate sustainable harvest and manage cultch through shell planting when actual harvest exceeds sustainable harvest. For exclusive restoration efforts (no fishing allowed), the model provides a metric for restoration success namely, shell accretion. Oyster fisheries that remove shell versus reef restorations that promote shell accretion, although divergent in their goals, are convergent in their management; both require vigilant attention to shell budgets. C1 [Soniat, Thomas M.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Soniat, Thomas M.] Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Klinck, John M.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Powell, Eric N.; Hofmann, Eileen E.] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Bivalve, NJ 08349 USA. [Cooper, Nathan; Abdelguerfi, Mahdi; Dahal, Janak; Tu, Shengru; Finigan, John; Qaddoura, Fareed] Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Eberline, Benjamin S.; La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Jerome F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Cooperat Aquat Anim Hlth Res Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ctr Agr,Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit 124, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Soniat, TM (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, 2000 Lakeshore Dr, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM tsoniat@uno.edu FU Louisiana Sea Grant [R/AOS-02]; LDWF [CFMS70259757] FX This work was funded by Louisiana Sea Grant (grant no. R/AOS-02) and the LDWF (contract no. CFMS70259757). NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1112 DI 10.2983/035.031.0421 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TN UT WOS:000313389200021 ER PT J AU Schloesser, DW Schmuckal, C AF Schloesser, Don W. Schmuckal, Christine TI BIBLIOGRAPHY OF DREISSENA POLYMORPHA (ZEBRA MUSSELS) AND DREISSENA ROSTRIFORMIS BUGENSIS (QUAGGA MUSSELS): 1989 TO 2011 SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE zebra mussels; quagga mussels; dreissenid; bibliography; databases; Dreissena polymorpha; Dreissena rostriformis bugensis AB Dreissenid mussels invaded and colonized waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes during the late 1980s. Their colonization and resulting impact have been characterized as one of the most important ecological changes in freshwater systems in North America. The need for information on dreissenid mussels has grown during the past 2 decades, which has prompted the compilation of this bibliography. Two previous bibliographies of dreissenid mussels indicate average publication rates were 6 publications/year between 1771 and 1964 (1,180 in 194 y) and 30 publications/year between 1964 and 1993 (885 in 30 y). In the current bibliography, the average rate of publication doubled during the past 23 y (1989 to 2011) to 66 publications/year based on a total of 1,502 publications. These rates may be biased by increased numbers of researchers and journals over time but, at a minimum, these rates indicate continued interest and concern by humans about the impact of dreissenid mussels on water availability and the expanding range of dreissenids throughout the world. The current bibliography has a 94% efficiency rate for subject and 100% efficiency for title search criteria when compared with references in published studies of dreissenid mussels in 2011. In addition to publications, we included 206 student theses and 225 chapters in 26 books including 6 books devoted solely to dreissenid mussels. A vast majority of student theses were about dreissenid mussels in North America, especially in the Laurentian Great Lakes. The 6 books devoted to dreissenid mussels contained a variety of chapters that described biology, impact, control, and ecology of dreissenid mussels in both Europe (published in 1992 and 2010) and North America (1993, 1994, 1997, and 2000). In addition,. there is a 7th book devoted solely to dreissenid mussels that is near completion. C1 [Schloesser, Don W.; Schmuckal, Christine] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Schloesser, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dschloesser@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 47 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1205 EP 1263 DI 10.2983/035.031.0432 PG 59 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TN UT WOS:000313389200032 ER PT J AU Peacock, E Laake, J Laidre, KL Born, EW Atkinson, SN AF Peacock, Elizabeth Laake, Jeff Laidre, Kristin L. Born, Erik W. Atkinson, Stephen N. TI The Utility of Harvest Recoveries of Marked Individuals to Assess Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Survival SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Baffin Bay; polar bear; Ursus maritimus; climate warming; community-based monitoring; harvest; mark-recapture; survival rates ID BEAUFORT SEA; POPULATION; HABITAT; CANADA AB Management of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) populations requires the periodic assessment of life history metrics such as survival rate. This information is frequently obtained during short-term capture and marking efforts (e.g., over the course of three years) that result in hundreds of marked bears remaining in the population after active marking is finished. Using 10 additional years of harvest recovery subsequent to a period of active marking, we provide updated estimates of annual survival for polar bears in the Baffin Bay population of Greenland and Canada. Our analysis suggests a decline in survival of polar bears since the period of active marking that ended in 1997; some-of the decline in survival can likely be attributed to a decline in springtime ice concentration over the continental shelf of Baffin Island. The variance around the survival estimates is comparatively high because of the declining number of marks available; therefore, results must be interpreted with caution. The variance of the estimates of survival increased most substantially in the sixth year post-marking. When survival estimates calculated with recovery-only and recapture-recovery data sets from the period of active marking were compared, survival rates were indistinguishable. However, for the period when fewer marks were available, survival estimates were lower using the recovery-only data set, which indicates that part of the decline we detected for 2003-09 may be due to using only harvest recovery data. Nevertheless, the decline in the estimates of survival is consistent with population projections derived from harvest numbers and earlier vital rates, as well as with an observed decline in the extent of sea ice habitat. C1 [Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Laake, Jeff] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Laidre, Kristin L.; Born, Erik W.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Atkinson, Stephen N.] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0, Canada. RP Peacock, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM lpeacock@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 45 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2012 VL 65 IS 4 BP 391 EP 400 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 071MX UT WOS:000313598700003 ER PT J AU Andres, BA Johnson, JA Brown, SC Lanctot, RB AF Andres, Brad A. Johnson, James A. Brown, Stephen C. Lanctot, Richard B. TI Shorebirds Breed in Unusually High Densities in the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE abundance; Alaska; breeding; density; National Petroleum Reserve; populations; shorebirds; surveys ID ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; BIRDS; ECOLOGY; TUNDRA; SITE; MATE AB On the Arctic Coastal Plain of the, National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPR-A), the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA) was recognized to protect outstanding wildlife values. Although information has accumulated on the TLSA's value to caribou and waterfowl, its importance to breeding shorebirds remains largely unquantified. Therefore, we undertook a broad-scale ground study to estimate the population size and density of shorebirds breeding in the TLSA. From a series of plot surveys conducted from 2006 to 2008, we estimated a detection-adjusted total breeding population of more than 573 000 shorebirds and an overall density of 126 shorebirds/km(2). Most shorebird species had their greatest densities on the Outer Coastal Plain or had approximately equal densities on Outer and Inner Coastal Plains; only two species had their greatest densities on the Inner Coastal Plain. The greatest densities of breeding shorebirds occurred immediately around Teshekpuk Lake. The TLSA supported more than 10% of the biogeographic populations of black-bellied plover (Pluvialis squatarola), semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla), and dunlin (C. alpina). Breeding shorebird density in the TLSA is one of the highest in the NPR-A, on Alaska's North Slope, and throughout the circumpolar Arctic. Our results, coupled with previous information on waterfowl and caribou, indicate that the area around Teshekpuk Lake and the recognized goose molting area northeast of the lake should be protected from oil and gas development. C1 [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. [Johnson, James A.; Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Brown, Stephen C.] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. RP Andres, BA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 755 Parfet St,Suite 496B, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. EM Brad_Andres@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, through the Avian Influenza program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, through the Migratory Bird Management program; Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences FX This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, through the Avian Influenza and Migratory Bird Management programs, and Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences. The Bureau of Land Management permitted us to work in the area. Thanks to the following field observers for providing their knowledge and help: C. Ashling, N. Bargmann, R. Churchwell, N. Coutsoubus, S. Dieni, J. Dowdall, B. Guzzetti, C. Gregory, B. Harrington, A. Hartman, R. Hunnewell, S. Jamieson, A. Johnson, M. McGarvey, N. Senner, B. Trask, and B. Winn. We also thank the pilots of Pollux Aviation for safely transporting us to the many field sites visited in this study. The findings and conclusions in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2012 VL 65 IS 4 BP 411 EP 420 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 071MX UT WOS:000313598700005 ER PT J AU Glorioso, BM Cobb, VA AF Glorioso, Brad M. Cobb, Vincent A. TI DIEL AND TEMPORAL ACTIVITY INDICATED BY FEEDING IN THE EASTERN MUSK TURTLE, STERNOTHERUS ODORATUS, AT REELFOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diel activity; feeding; Musk Turtle; Reelfoot Lake; Sternotherus odoratus; Stinkpot ID POPULATION-SIZE; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOPERIOD; PATTERNS; CAPTURE AB The time of day an organism is active affects the availability of resources and the potential competitors and predators it encounters. There is inconsistent information in the literature regarding the diel activity of the Eastern Musk Turtle, Sternotherus odoratus, with varying sources referring to the species as diurnal, nocturnal, and crepuscular. We investigated diel and temporal activity of S. odoratus in a roadside slough adjacent to Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, USA, from September 2004 to November 2005 using baited deep-water crawfish nets. This active capture technique allows for precise times of activity to be determined based on feeding. In 29 sampling occasions, we captured 866 S. odoratus, comprising 655 individuals. Sternotherus odoratus showed generally crepuscular feeding habits, with a peak of feeding activity 0600-1100, and a less pronounced peak 1600-1900. Time of capture was not correlated with the sex or size of S. odoratus. Although some captures came at night, nocturnal feeding was not prevalent in this population. Sternotherus odoratus captures were affected by the time of initial net placement; 52% of total captures came within the first 3 h of setting the nets. The feeding season in 2005, based on dates of first (16 April) and last (19 November) captures was estimated to be 218 days. C1 [Glorioso, Brad M.; Cobb, Vincent A.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. RP Glorioso, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gloriosob@usgs.gov RI Glorioso, Brad/B-1688-2013 OI Glorioso, Brad/0000-0002-5400-7414 FU Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) [ED-05-01679-00]; Sigma Xi; Department of Biology at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) FX We thank Elizabeth L. Young, Matthew L. Niemiller, Todd Williams, Richie Wyckoff, Troy Glorioso, Erin Gray, and Trent Niemiller for field assistance. We are grateful to the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) for allowing permission to conduct this research at Kiwanis Park Day Use Area at Reelfoot Lake. For financial support, we thank the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA; ED-05-01679-00), Sigma Xi, and the Department of Biology at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU). We are also indebted to the University of Tennessee at Martin for allowing us to lodge at the Reelfoot Lake Environmental Field Station. Turtles were captured under TDEC (#2005-01) and TWRA (#1798) scientific collection permits and approved by the MTSU IACUC (#04-008). NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 22 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 323 EP 329 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 083HA UT WOS:000314452700006 ER PT J AU Wittenberg, RD AF Wittenberg, Rod D. TI FORAGING ECOLOGY OF THE TIMBER RATTLESNAKE (CROTALUS HORRIDUS) IN A FRAGMENTED AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crotalus horridus; diet; foraging ecology; habitat fragmentation; Timber Rattlesnake ID MOVEMENT PATTERNS; SMALL MAMMALS; BEHAVIOR; FORESTS; STRIKE; DIET; RESPONSES; SNAKE; TIME AB Habitat loss and fragmentation pose perhaps the greatest threats to snake populations, yet information is sparse. Despite habitat fragmentation being cited as a primary threat to the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), our knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species is largely based on studies conducted in mature forests. Here, I present data obtained from a 4-y study of Timber Rattlesnakes in west-central Missouri where snakes readily foraged in secondary woodland tracts and corridors, agricultural fields, and habitat edges. Dietary analysis found that snakes fed exclusively on mammals, including shrews (Soricidae), mice in the genus Peromyscus, Prairie Voles (Microtus ochrogaster), Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus), Eastern Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), and Eastern Cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus). Although small mammal trapping indicated that fields contained fewer numbers of prey than woodlands and habitat edges, field dwelling Prairie Voles were the most frequently consumed prey item. Arboreal foraging and ambush strategies utilizing logs and tree trunks were not prevalent in the study population. Although anthropogenic mortality among snakes using fields suggests fields may function as ecological traps, the present study indicates that large tracts of mature forest are not required for Timber Rattlesnakes to forage effectively. Therefore, prey availability may be more important to this species than the structural habitat in which it forages. C1 [Wittenberg, Rod D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Wittenberg, RD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ruby Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Ruby Valley, NV 89833 USA. EM rod_wittenberg@fws.gov FU University of Arkansas Causey; Harry Steinman Memorial Grant from the St. Louis Herpetological Society; Arkansas Audubon Society Trust FX This research was conducted with the approval of the University of Arkansas Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol # 05001) and the Missouri Department of Conservation (collecting permits # 12005, 12367, 12715, 13101). I thank my advisor, Steven J. Beaupre, for his encouragement and advice during the fieldwork and manuscript preparation phases of this project. Graduate committee members Kimberly G. Smith, Ines Pinto, and Edward E. Gbur Jr. provided helpful comments on this manuscript. I am indebted to Sara Wittenberg for her diligent proofreading and words of encouragement while this work was being completed. Douglas A. James graciously allowed me to use his mammal traps. I thank the numerous private landowners in Missouri who allowed this work to be conducted on their property. This research was supported in part by a University of Arkansas Causey Grant-in-Aid Award, a Harry Steinman Memorial Grant from the St. Louis Herpetological Society, and a grant from the Arkansas Audubon Society Trust. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 50 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 449 EP 461 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 083HA UT WOS:000314452700020 ER PT J AU Kleinhenz, P Boone, MD Fellers, G AF Kleinhenz, Peter Boone, Michelle D. Fellers, Gary TI Effects of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus and Four Insecticides on Pacific Treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; SKIN PEPTIDE DEFENSES; YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS; POPULATION DECLINES; SIERRA-NEVADA; LIFE STAGES; UV-B; FEEDING KINEMATICS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; EMERGING DISEASE AB Chemical contamination may influence host-pathogen interactions, which has implications for amphibian population declines. We examined the effects of four insecticides alone or as a mixture on development and metamorphosis of Pacific Treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) in the presence or absence of the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]). Bd exposure had a negative impact on tadpole activity, survival to metamorphosis, time to metamorphosis, and time of tail absorption (with a marginally negative effect on mass at metamorphosis); however, no individuals tested positive for Bd at metamorphosis. The presence of sublethal concentrations of insecticides alone or in a mixture did not impact Pacific Treefrog activity as tadpoles, survival to metamorphosis, or time and size to metamorphosis. Insecticide exposure did not influence the effect of Bd exposure. Our study did not support our prediction that effects of Bd would be greater in the presence of expected environmental concentrations of insecticide(s), but it did show that Bd had negative effects on responses at metamorphosis that could reduce the quality of juveniles recruited into the population. C1 [Kleinhenz, Peter; Boone, Michelle D.] Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Fellers, Gary] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Zool, 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM boonemd@muohio.edu FU Miami University; U.S. Geological Survey FX We appreciate the assistance of J. Duncan and C. Distel in the lab and P. Kleeman who assisted with the collection of Pacific Treefrog eggs. B. Rothermel, M. Parris, M. Venesky, and F. Brem kindly provided advice on culturing Bd and exposing tadpoles to Bd. We are grateful to M. Fisk, T. Ratliff, and K. Minick who helped us with sterile technique and culturing Bd. Thanks to J. Kirshtein for testing our samples for Bd and K. Smalling for analyzing the exposure concentration of our insecticides. This manuscript was improved by the thoughtful comments of M. Youngquist, S. Rumschlag, and three anonymous reviewers. This research was conducted under IACUC Protocol 740, and funded by Miami University and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This is contribution 413 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 41 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 625 EP 631 DI 10.1670/11-070 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 068VN UT WOS:000313394400029 ER PT J AU Daversa, DR Muths, E Bosch, J AF Daversa, D. R. Muths, E. Bosch, J. TI Terrestrial Movement Patterns of the Common Toad (Bufo bufo) in Central Spain Reveal Habitat of Conservation Importance SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN ASSEMBLAGE; BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; SEXUAL DIFFERENCES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NATTERJACK TOAD; ECOLOGY; DISPERSAL; LANDSCAPE; POND; MIGRATION AB Widespread amphibian declines and habitat fragmentation, coupled with advancements in tracking, have sparked increased emphasis on studying movements and the use of terrestrial habitats by amphibians. Penalara Natural Park, Sierra de Guadarrama, Central Spain, provides habitat for a number of amphibians that use upland sites. In response to increased pressure on habitat in this region by tourism, we used 4 months of radiotelemetry data for 17 adult Common Toads (Bufo bufo) to characterize the terrestrial movements, assess the factors influencing these movements, and determine the distribution and cover characteristics of summer refugia for these toads. We found that: 1) movements were most pronounced following the breeding season in June, and adults made movements of up to 470 m away from breeding sites, 2) movements were not influenced by basin size, climatic variables, or the sex of the individual, 3) the amount of terrestrial habitat used by toads ranged from 245 m(2) to 2.5 ha, and 4) within these areas toads most often used rock piles and juniper patches (Juniperus communis nana) as cover during the summer. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering terrestrial landscapes when developing conservation strategies, and we suggest that a buffer of minimal development extending 550 m from the shoreline of each natal pond be considered when conservation plans are developed for Common Toad habitat in Penalara Natural Park. C1 [Daversa, D. R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Muths, E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bosch, J.] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Bosch, J (reprint author), CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM bosch@mncn.csic.es RI Bosch, Jaime/H-3042-2011; OI Bosch, Jaime/0000-0002-0099-7934 FU Direccion General de Universidades e Investigacion, Consejeria de Educacion of Comunidad de Madrid [CCG08-CSIC/AMB-3474]; Commission for Cultural, Educational and Scientific Exchange in Spain; Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the United States Department of State FX This research was funded by the project CCG08-CSIC/AMB-3474 from Direccion General de Universidades e Investigacion, Consejeria de Educacion of Comunidad de Madrid (PI: JB). DRD was supported by the Commission for Cultural, Educational and Scientific Exchange in Spain and the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the United States Department of State. The authors thank S. Fernandez-Beaskoetxea and B. Martin-Beyer for their assistance with field sampling and laboratory testing; Holohil Systems Inc. and Telonics Inc. for supportive service with telemetry equipment; P. Laver and S. Prisley for assistance with the ADOBE home range tool; J. L. Izquierdo for assistance with spatial data; and the entire staff at Penalara for support throughout our field studies. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 42 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 658 EP 664 DI 10.1670/11-012 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 068VN UT WOS:000313394400035 ER PT J AU Walsh, HL Blazer, VS Iwanowicz, LR Smith, G AF Walsh, H. L. Blazer, V. S. Iwanowicz, L. R. Smith, G. TI A REDESCRIPTION OF MYXOBOLUS INORNATUS FROM YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR SMALLMOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS DOLOMIEU) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N. SP MYXOZOA; RIBOSOMAL DNA; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; SALMONID FISHES; MYXOSPOREA; PUMPKINSEED; ONTARIO AB During investigations of young-of-the year smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) mortalities in the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. and affected tributaries, raised areas were noted in the muscle in the vicinity of the caudal peduncle. The raised areas were caused by plasmodia of a myxozoan parasite. Spores found within plasmodia were similar to those of Myxobolus inornatus previously described from the caudal peduncle of fingerling largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in Montana. Here, M. inornatus is redescribed based on histologic comparisons and spore measurements. The addition of spore photographs, line drawings, a voucher specimen, and partial small-subunit ribosomal (rSSU) DNA gene sequence are new in this study. This is also the first description of M. inornatus from smallmouth bass. The plasmodia of M. inornatus were grossly observed at the base of the caudal and dorsal fins and were 280.3 +/- 33.5 (range 77.1-920.3) mu m long and 320.6 +/- 41.0 (range 74.85-898.4) mu m wide. In some instances, plasmodia of M. inornatus were large enough to rupture the epidermis or were associated with misaligned vertebrae. The slightly pyriform spores were 11.3 +/- 0.2 (range 8.6-17.4) mu m in length and 8.6 +/- 0.2 (range 7.1-13.7) mu m wide with an iodinophilous vacuole and a sutural ridge with 8 to 10 sutural folds. The SSU rDNA gene sequence places M. inornatus in a sister group with Myxobolus osburni. C1 [Walsh, H. L.; Blazer, V. S.; Iwanowicz, L. R.; Smith, G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Walsh, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM hwalsh@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems and Fisheries programs; Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems and Fisheries programs and the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. We thank B. Benson, E. A. Eckman, B. Ensign, D. Fischer, J. Frederick, M. Kaufmann, M. Kinsey, K. Kuhn, M. J. Lookenbill, G. Murphy, S. Reese, and R. Ventorini for assistance with fish collection. We thank histology technicians Kathy Spring and Darlene Bowling from the USGS National Fish Health Research Laboratory for their technical laboratory support. We also appreciate the critical reviews provided by Cliff Starliper and John Fournie. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1236 EP 1242 DI 10.1645/GE-3081.1 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 068VM UT WOS:000313394300028 PM 22663195 ER EF