FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Scanlon, BR Faunt, CC Longuevergne, L Reedy, RC Alley, WM McGuire, VL McMahon, PB AF Scanlon, Bridget R. Faunt, Claudia C. Longuevergne, Laurent Reedy, Robert C. Alley, William M. McGuire, Virginia L. McMahon, Peter B. TI Groundwater depletion and sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite; irrigated agriculture; managed aquifer recharge ID WORLD WATER-RESOURCES; BUDGET MYTH; SOUTHWEST; KANSAS AB Aquifer overexploitation could significantly impact crop production in the United States because 60% of irrigation relies on groundwater. Groundwater depletion in the irrigated High Plains and California Central Valley accounts for similar to 50% of groundwater depletion in the United States since 1900. A newly developed High Plains recharge map shows that high recharge in the northern High Plains results in sustainable pumpage, whereas lower recharge in the central and southern High Plains has resulted in focused depletion of 330 km(3) of fossil groundwater, mostly recharged during the past 13,000 y. Depletion is highly localized with about a third of depletion occurring in 4% of the High Plains land area. Extrapolation of the current depletion rate suggests that 35% of the southern High Plains will be unable to support irrigation within the next 30 y. Reducing irrigation withdrawals could extend the lifespan of the aquifer but would not result in sustainable management of this fossil groundwater. The Central Valley is a more dynamic, engineered system, with north/south diversions of surface water since the 1950s contributing to similar to 7x higher recharge. However, these diversions are regulated because of impacts on endangered species. A newly developed Central Valley Hydrologic Model shows that groundwater depletion since the 1960s, totaling 80 km(3), occurs mostly in the south (Tulare Basin) and primarily during droughts. Increasing water storage through artificial recharge of excess surface water in aquifers by up to 3 km(3) shows promise for coping with droughts and improving sustainability of groundwater resources in the Central Valley. C1 [Scanlon, Bridget R.; Reedy, Robert C.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [McGuire, Virginia L.] US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. [Faunt, Claudia C.; Alley, William M.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [McMahon, Peter B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Longuevergne, Laurent] Univ Rennes, Rennes, France. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78713 USA. EM bridget.scanlon@beg.utexas.edu RI Longuevergne, Laurent /F-4641-2010; Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Longuevergne, Laurent /0000-0003-3169-743X; Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 NR 42 TC 154 Z9 156 U1 35 U2 236 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 12 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 24 BP 9320 EP 9325 DI 10.1073/pnas.1200311109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 962AL UT WOS:000305511300030 PM 22645352 ER PT J AU Shope, CL Constantz, JE Cooper, CA Reeves, DM Pohll, G McKay, WA AF Shope, Christopher L. Constantz, James E. Cooper, Clay A. Reeves, Donald M. Pohll, Greg McKay, W. Alan TI Influence of a large fluvial island, streambed, and stream bank on surface water-groundwater fluxes and water table dynamics SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRAVEL-BED RIVER; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE FLOWS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; NONSORBING SOLUTES; LOSING STREAM; ZONE; HEAT; TEMPERATURE; CHANNEL; TRACER AB Substantial research on how hydraulic and geomorphologic factors control hyporheic exchange has resulted in reasonable process understanding; however, the role of fluvial islands on the transient nature of spatial flux patterns remains elusive. We used detailed field observations of the Truckee River, Nevada from 2003 to 2009 to quantify fluid flux between the river and a fluvial island, the streambed, and the adjacent stream bank. We constructed a 3-D numerical flow and heat transport model to further quantify the complex flow paths. Our study expands on previous research typically confined to less comprehensive scales and dimensions, and highlights the transient multidimensionality of the flow field. In fact, 1-D vertical streambed flux estimates indicated that the channel bar tail displayed the highest upward flux throughout the summer; however, 3-D model results indicated that the horizontal contribution was two orders of magnitude higher than the vertical contribution. The channel bar net flux is typically 1.5 orders of magnitude greater than the adjacent stream banks and an order of magnitude less than net streambed fluxes, indicating significant differences in river-aquifer interactions between each of the geomorphic units. Modeling simulations further indicated that the channel bar induces 6 times more fluid flux than an identical location without a fluvial island, consistent with flux estimates from a nearby river restoration location. Moreover, event-based and seasonal transient antecedent moisture and near-stream storage conditions contribute to multidimensional river-groundwater interactions. These results suggest that fluvial islands are a key driver and significant component of river-groundwater interactions and hyporheic flow. C1 [Shope, Christopher L.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Hydrol Sci Program, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Constantz, James E.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cooper, Clay A.; Reeves, Donald M.; Pohll, Greg; McKay, W. Alan] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Shope, CL (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, Univ Str 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. EM chris.shope@uni-bayreuth.de RI Shope, Christopher/A-2931-2013 OI Shope, Christopher/0000-0003-3277-0811 FU USEPA Office of Research and Development, Landscape Ecology Branch Initiative; George Burke Maxey Hydrology/Hydrogeology Fellowship; DRI/DHS Watershed Processes grant; International Research Training Group TERRECO [GRK 1565/1]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth FX The authors thank T. Mihevc, J. T. Brock, R. Powell, and R. Naranjo for technical assistance and R. G. Niswonger, S. W. Tyler, and M. Shanafield for helpful discussions and reviews of this manuscript. The manuscript was greatly improved by the suggestions and comments of M. B. Cardenas and three anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided through the USEPA Office of Research and Development, Landscape Ecology Branch Initiative, the George Burke Maxey Hydrology/Hydrogeology Fellowship, and the DRI/DHS Watershed Processes grant. Support from the International Research Training Group TERRECO (GRK 1565/1) funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth is greatly acknowledged. NR 77 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 12 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W06512 DI 10.1029/2011WR011564 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 959XW UT WOS:000305352500003 ER PT J AU Byappanahalli, MN Roll, BM Fujioka, RS AF Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Roll, Bruce M. Fujioka, Roger S. TI Evidence for Occurrence, Persistence, and Growth Potential of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in Hawaii's Soil Environments SO MICROBES AND ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE autochthonous population; fecal indicator bacteria; nonpoint source contamination; soil microbiota; recreational water quality ID INDICATOR BACTERIA; FECAL-COLIFORMS; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; TROPICAL WATERS; LAKE-SUPERIOR; SEDIMENTS; SURVIVAL; STREAMS; BEACH; POPULATION AB High densities of Escherichia coli and enterococci are common in freshwaters on Oahu and other Hawaiian Islands. Soil along stream banks has long been suspected as the likely source of these bacteria; however, the extent of their occurrence and distribution in a wide range of soils remained unknown until the current investigation. Soil samples representing the seven major soil associations were collected on the island of Oahu and analyzed for fecal coliforms, E. coli, and enterococci by the most probable number method. Fecal coliforms, E. coli, and enterococci were found in most of the samples analyzed; log mean densities (MPN +/- SE g soil(-1)) were 1.96 +/- 0.18, n=61; 1.21 +/- 0.17, n=57; and 2.99 +/- 0.12, n=62, respectively. Representative, presumptive cultures of E. coli and enterococci collected from the various soils were identified and further speciated using the API scheme; at least six species of Enterococcus, including Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, were identified. In mesocosm studies, E. coli and enterococci increased by 100-fold in 4 days, after mixing sewage-spiked soil (one part) with autoclaved soil (nine parts). E. coli remained metabolically active in the soil and readily responded to nutrients, as evidenced by increased dehydrogenase activity. Collectively, these findings indicate that populations of E. coli and enterococci are part of the natural soil microflora, potentially influencing the quality of nearby water bodies. C1 [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Roll, Bruce M.; Fujioka, Roger S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Byappanahalli, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM byappan@usgs.gov FU U.S. EPA [CR824382-01-0] FX This research was supported, in part, by a grant (to RSF) by U.S. EPA Cooperative Agreement No. CR824382-01-0. This paper is Contribution 1671 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 40 PU JAPANESE SOC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, DEPT BIORESOURCE SCIENCE PI IBARAKI PA C/O DR. HIROYUKI OHTA, SEC, IBARAKI UNIV COLLEGE OF AGRICULT, AMI-MACHI, IBARAKI, JAPAN SN 1342-6311 J9 MICROBES ENVIRON JI Microbes Environ. PD JUN 9 PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1264/jsme2.ME11305 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 956JY UT WOS:000305087100008 PM 22791049 ER PT J AU Jiang, YY Zhuang, QL O'Donnell, JA AF Jiang, Yueyang Zhuang, Qianlai O'Donnell, Jonathan A. TI Modeling thermal dynamics of active layer soils and near-surface permafrost using a fully coupled water and heat transport model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HIGH-LATITUDES; BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEM; INTERIOR ALASKA; BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON RELEASE; FIRE; THAW AB Thawing and freezing processes are key components in permafrost dynamics, and these processes play an important role in regulating the hydrological and carbon cycles in the northern high latitudes. In the present study, we apply a well-developed soil thermal model that fully couples heat and water transport, to simulate the thawing and freezing processes at daily time steps across multiple sites that vary with vegetation cover, disturbance history, and climate. The model performance was evaluated by comparing modeled and measured soil temperatures at different depths. We use the model to explore the influence of climate, fire disturbance, and topography (north-and south-facing slopes) on soil thermal dynamics. Modeled soil temperatures agree well with measured values for both boreal forest and tundra ecosystems at the site level. Combustion of organic-soil horizons during wildfire alters the surface energy balance and increases the downward heat flux through the soil profile, resulting in the warming and thawing of near-surface permafrost. A projection of 21st century permafrost dynamics indicates that as the climate warms, active layer thickness will likely increase to more than 3 meters in the boreal forest site and deeper than one meter in the tundra site. Results from this coupled heat-water modeling approach represent faster thaw rates than previously simulated in other studies. We conclude that the discussed soil thermal model is able to well simulate the permafrost dynamics and could be used as a tool to analyze the influence of climate change and wildfire disturbance on permafrost thawing. C1 [Jiang, Yueyang; Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Jiang, YY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jiang5@purdue.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-1028291, NSF-0919331, NSF-0630319]; NASA [NASA-NNX09AI26G]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64599] FX The authors thank Dmitry Nicolsky, Sergey Marchenko, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Many thanks also go to Jennifer Harden and Torre Jorgenson in guiding site selection at Hess Creek and for fostering field data-model collaborations. The authors would also like to acknowledge Brian Charlton of the Bonanza Creek LTER for providing snow data. This research is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF-1028291 and NSF-0919331), the NSF Carbon and Water in the Earth Program (NSF-0630319), the NASA Land Use and Land Cover Change program (NASA-NNX09AI26G), and Department of Energy (DE-FG02-08ER64599). The computing is supported by Rosen Center of High Performance Computing at Purdue. NR 71 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 56 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D11110 DI 10.1029/2012JD017512 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 957GM UT WOS:000305147900004 ER PT J AU Gustafson, JO Bell, JF Gaddis, LR Hawke, BR Giguere, TA AF Gustafson, J. Olaf Bell, J. F., III Gaddis, L. R. Hawke, B. R. Giguere, T. A. TI Characterization of previously unidentified lunar pyroclastic deposits using Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSES; GLASS-BEADS; CLEMENTINE; MOON; ERUPTION; EARTH; VOLCANISM; CRITERIA; CRATERS; MISSION AB We used a Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) global monochrome Wide-angle Camera (WAC) mosaic to conduct a survey of the Moon to search for previously unidentified pyroclastic deposits. Promising locations were examined in detail using LROC multispectral WAC mosaics, high-resolution LROC Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images, and Clementine multispectral (ultraviolet-visible or UVVIS) data. Out of 47 potential deposits chosen for closer examination, 12 were selected as probable newly identified pyroclastic deposits. Potential pyroclastic deposits were generally found in settings similar to previously identified deposits, including areas within or near mare deposits adjacent to highlands, within floor-fractured craters, and along fissures in mare deposits. However, a significant new finding is the discovery of localized pyroclastic deposits within floor-fractured craters Anderson E and F on the lunar farside, isolated from other known similar deposits. Our search confirms that most major regional and localized low-albedo pyroclastic deposits have been identified on the Moon down to similar to 100 m/pix resolution, and that additional newly identified deposits are likely to be either isolated small deposits or additional portions of discontinuous, patchy deposits. C1 [Gustafson, J. Olaf] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bell, J. F., III] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bell, J. F., III] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Gaddis, L. R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hawke, B. R.; Giguere, T. A.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Giguere, T. A.] Intergraph Corp, Kapolei, HI USA. RP Gustafson, JO (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jg72@cornell.edu FU NASA FX This research was supported by a grant to J.F.B. from the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter participating scientist program. We extend our deepest thanks to the capable men and women on the LROC operations and science teams, and on the LRO Project in general, for their outstanding work in collecting new NAC and WAC images of these and other important lunar geologic features. NR 87 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR E00H25 DI 10.1029/2011JE003893 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 957IU UT WOS:000305155900001 ER PT J AU Cardinale, BJ Duffy, JE Gonzalez, A Hooper, DU Perrings, C Venail, P Narwani, A Mace, GM Tilman, D Wardle, DA Kinzig, AP Daily, GC Loreau, M Grace, JB Larigauderie, A Srivastava, DS Naeem, S AF Cardinale, Bradley J. Duffy, J. Emmett Gonzalez, Andrew Hooper, David U. Perrings, Charles Venail, Patrick Narwani, Anita Mace, Georgina M. Tilman, David Wardle, David A. Kinzig, Ann P. Daily, Gretchen C. Loreau, Michel Grace, James B. Larigauderie, Anne Srivastava, Diane S. Naeem, Shahid TI Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES SCIENCE; PLANT DIVERSITY; FOOD WEBS; SPECIES RICHNESS; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITIES; STABILITY; EMERGENCE; NICHE AB The most unique feature of Earth is the existence of life, and the most extraordinary feature of life is its diversity. Approximately 9 million types of plants, animals, protists and fungi inhabit the Earth. So, too, do 7 billion people. Two decades ago, at the first Earth Summit, the vast majority of the world's nations declared that human actions were dismantling the Earth's ecosystems, eliminating genes, species and biological traits at an alarming rate. This observation led to the question of how such loss of biological diversity will alter the functioning of ecosystems and their ability to provide society with the goods and services needed to prosper. C1 [Cardinale, Bradley J.; Venail, Patrick; Narwani, Anita] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duffy, J. Emmett] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Gonzalez, Andrew] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Hooper, David U.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Perrings, Charles; Kinzig, Ann P.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Mace, Georgina M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Tilman, David] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wardle, David A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Daily, Gretchen C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Daily, Gretchen C.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Loreau, Michel] CNRS, Stn Ecol Expt, F-09200 Moulis, France. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Larigauderie, Anne] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Srivastava, Diane S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Naeem, Shahid] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Cardinale, BJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM bradcard@umich.edu RI Gonzalez, Andrew /F-2247-2010; Wardle, David/F-6031-2011; Mace, Georgina/I-3072-2016; Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 OI Gonzalez, Andrew /0000-0001-6075-8081; Wardle, David/0000-0002-0476-7335; Mace, Georgina/0000-0001-8965-5211; FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; NFS [DEB-104612]; Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Training Network (BESTNet) (NSF) [0639252] FX This work was conceived as a part of the working group, Biodiversity and the Functioning of Ecosystems: Translating Model Experiments into Functional Reality, supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF Grant EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. Additional funds were provided by NFS' DIMENSIONS of Biodiversity program to BJC (DEB-104612), and by the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Training Network (BESTNet) (NSF Grant 0639252). The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 100 TC 1064 Z9 1108 U1 264 U2 2310 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 7 PY 2012 VL 486 IS 7401 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1038/nature11148 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 953GD UT WOS:000304854000027 PM 22678280 ER PT J AU Saffer, DM Lockner, DA McKiernan, A AF Saffer, Demian M. Lockner, David A. McKiernan, Alex TI Effects of smectite to illite transformation on the frictional strength and sliding stability of intact marine mudstones SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEISMOGENIC ZONE; ACCRETIONARY PRISM; SUBDUCTION THRUST; UPDIP LIMIT; STRESS; EARTHQUAKES; NANKAI; JAPAN; GOUGE; DEFORMATION AB At subduction zones, earthquake nucleation and coseismic slip occur only within a limited depth range, known as the "seismogenic zone". One leading hypothesis for the upper aseismic-seismic transition is that transformation of smectite to illite at similar to 100-150 degrees C triggers a change from rate-strengthening frictional behavior that allows only stable sliding, to rate weakening behavior considered a prerequisite for unstable slip. Previous studies on powdered gouges have shown that changes in clay mineralogy alone are unlikely to control this transition, but associated fabric and cementation developed during diagenesis remain possible candidates. We conducted shearing experiments designed specifically to evaluate this hypothesis, by using intact wafers of mudstone from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1174, offshore SW Japan, which have undergone progressive smectite transformation in situ. We sheared specimens along a sawcut in a triaxial configuration, oriented parallel to bedding, at normal stresses of similar to 20-150 MPa and a pore pressure of 1 MPa. During shearing, we conducted velocity-stepping tests to measure the friction rate parameter (a-b). Friction coefficient ranges from 0.28-0.40 and values of (a-b) are uniformly positive; both are independent of clay transformation progress. Our work represents the most direct and comprehensive test of the clay transformation hypothesis to date, and suggests that neither illitization, nor accompanying fabric development and cementation, trigger a transition to unstable frictional behavior. We suggest that strain localization, in combination with precipitation of calcite and quartz, is a viable alternative that is consistent with both field observations and recent conceptual models of a heterogeneous seismogenic zone. Citation: Saffer, D. M., D. A. Lockner, and A. McKiernan (2012), Effects of smectite to illite transformation on the frictional strength and sliding stability of intact marine mudstones, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L11304, doi:10.1029/2012GL051761. C1 [Saffer, Demian M.; McKiernan, Alex] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Saffer, Demian M.; McKiernan, Alex] Penn State Univ, Ctr Geomech Geofluids & Geohazards, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lockner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Saffer, DM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM demian@psu.edu FU NSF [0503902, 0752114, 1049591]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) FX We thank editor Andrew Newman and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that have improved this paper. This study was supported by NSF grants 0503902, 0752114, 1049591 to D. S. This research used samples provided by ODP, which is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and participating countries. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L11304 DI 10.1029/2012GL051761 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 957FQ UT WOS:000305145300003 ER PT J AU Tarrab, L Garcia, CM Cantero, MI Oberg, K AF Tarrab, Leticia Garcia, Carlos M. Cantero, Mariano I. Oberg, Kevin TI Role of turbulence fluctuations on uncertainties of acoustic Doppler current profiler discharge measurements SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL FLOW; SIMULATION AB This work presents a systematic analysis quantifying the role of the presence of turbulence fluctuations on uncertainties (random errors) of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) discharge measurements from moving platforms. Data sets of three-dimensional flow velocities with high temporal and spatial resolution were generated from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent open channel flow. Dimensionless functions relating parameters quantifying the uncertainty in discharge measurements due to flow turbulence (relative variance and relative maximum random error) to sampling configuration were developed from the DNS simulations and then validated with field-scale discharge measurements. The validated functions were used to evaluate the role of the presence of flow turbulence fluctuations on uncertainties in ADCP discharge measurements. The results of this work indicate that random errors due to the flow turbulence are significant when: (a) a low number of transects is used for a discharge measurement, and (b) measurements are made in shallow rivers using high boat velocity (short time for the boat to cross a flow turbulence structure). C1 [Tarrab, Leticia; Garcia, Carlos M.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, Ctr Estudios & Tecnol Agua, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Oberg, Kevin] Univ Nacl Cuyo, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, Ctr Atom Bariloche, Comis Nacl Energia Atom,Inst Balseiro, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Cantero, Mariano I.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Urbana, IL USA. RP Garcia, CM (reprint author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, Ctr Estudios & Tecnol Agua, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, Av Filloy S-N,Ciudad Univ, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. EM cgarcia2mjc@gmail.com FU USGS through the Office of Surface Water FX We gratefully acknowledge the funding from the USGS through the Office of Surface Water. Use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 6 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W06507 DI 10.1029/2011WR011185 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 957HG UT WOS:000305150400002 ER PT J AU Dai, JX Xia, XY Li, ZS Coleman, DD Dias, RF Gao, L Li, J Deev, A Li, J Dessort, D Duclerc, D Li, LW Liu, JZ Schloemer, S Zhang, WL Ni, YY Hu, GY Wang, XB Tang, YC AF Dai, Jinxing Xia, Xinyu Li, Zhisheng Coleman, Dennis D. Dias, Robert F. Gao, Ling Li, Jian Deev, Andrei Li, Jin Dessort, Daniel Duclerc, Dominique Li, Liwu Liu, Jinzhong Schloemer, Stefan Zhang, Wenlong Ni, Yunyan Hu, Guoyi Wang, Xiaobo Tang, Yongchun TI Inter-laboratory calibration of natural gas round robins for delta H-2 and delta C-13 using off-line and on-line techniques SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Natural gas; Carbon isotope; Hydrogen isotope; Reference material ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPES; BASIN AB Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of three natural gas round robins were calibrated by ten laboratories carrying out more than 800 measurements including both on-line and off-line methods. Two-point calibrations were performed with international measurement standards for hydrogen isotope ratios (VSMOW and SLAP) and carbon isotope ratios (NBS 19 and L-SVEC CO2). The consensus delta C-13 values and uncertainties were derived from the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) based on off-line measurements; the consensus delta H-2 values and uncertainties were derived from MLE of both off-line and on-line measurements, taking the bias of on-line measurements into account. The calibrated consensus values in parts per thousand relative to VSMOW and VPDB are: NG1 (coal-related gas): Methane: delta H-2(VSMOW) = - 185.1 parts per thousand +/- 1.2 parts per thousand, delta C-13(VPDB) = - 34.18 parts per thousand +/- 0 0.10 parts per thousand Ethane: delta H-2(VSMOW) = - 156.3 parts per thousand +/- 0 1.8 parts per thousand, delta C-13(VPDB) = - 24.66 parts per thousand +/- 0.11 parts per thousand Propane: delta H-2(VSMOW) = - 143.6 parts per thousand +/- 3.3 parts per thousand, delta C-13(VPDB) = - 22.21 parts per thousand +/- 0.11 parts per thousand i-Butane: delta C-13(VPDB) = - 21.62 parts per thousand +/- 0.12 parts per thousand n-Butane: delta C-13(VPDB) = - 21.74 parts per thousand +/- 0.13 parts per thousand CO2: delta C-13(VPDB) = - 5.00 parts per thousand +/- 0.12 parts per thousand NG2 (biogas): Methane: delta H-2(VSMOW) = - 237.0 parts per thousand +/- 1.2 parts per thousand, delta C-13(VPDB) = - 68.89 parts per thousand +/- 0.12 parts per thousand. NG3 (oil-related gas): Methane: delta H-2(VSMOW) = - 167.6 parts per thousand +/- 0 1.0 parts per thousand, delta C-13(VPDB) = - 43.61 parts per thousand +/- 0.09 parts per thousand Ethane: delta H-2(VSMOW) = - 164.1 parts per thousand +/- 2.4 parts per thousand, delta C-13(VPDB) = - 40.24 parts per thousand +/- 0.10 parts per thousand Propane: delta H-2(VSMOW) = - 138.4 parts per thousand +/- 3.0 parts per thousand, delta C-13(VPDB) = - 33.79 parts per thousand +/- 0.09 parts per thousand All of the assigned values are traceable to the international carbon isotope standard of VPDB and hydrogen isotope standard of VSMOW. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dai, Jinxing; Li, Zhisheng; Li, Jian; Li, Jin; Zhang, Wenlong; Ni, Yunyan; Hu, Guoyi; Wang, Xiaobo] PetroChina, Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Xia, Xinyu] GeolsoChem Cooperat, Covina, CA 91723 USA. [Coleman, Dennis D.] Isotech Labs Inc, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. [Dias, Robert F.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Gao, Ling] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Deev, Andrei; Tang, Yongchun] Power Environm Energy Res Inst, Covina, CA 91722 USA. [Dessort, Daniel; Duclerc, Dominique] TOTAL SA, Ctr Sci & Tech Jean Feger, F-64018 Pau, France. [Li, Liwu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Petr Resources Res, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jinzhong] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Schloemer, Stefan] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources BGR, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. RP Tang, YC (reprint author), PEER Inst, 738 Arrow Grand Circle, Covina, CA 91722 USA. EM tang@peeri.org NR 24 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUN 5 PY 2012 VL 310 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.03.008 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 959JD UT WOS:000305307800005 ER PT J AU Lu, ZM He, ZL Parisi, VA Kang, S Deng, Y Van Nostrand, JD Masoner, JR Cozzarelli, IM Suflita, JM Zhou, JZ AF Lu, Zhenmei He, Zhili Parisi, Victoria A. Kang, Sanghoon Deng, Ye Van Nostrand, Joy D. Masoner, Jason R. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Suflita, Joseph M. Zhou, Jizhong TI GeoChip-Based Analysis of Microbial Functional Gene Diversity in a Landfill Leachate-Contaminated Aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL LANDFILL; SULFATE REDUCTION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PLUME; MICROARRAY; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; BIODEGRADATION; HYDROCHEMISTRY; TRANSFORMATION; ATTENUATION AB The functional gene diversity and structure of microbial communities in a shallow landfill leachate-contaminated aquifer were assessed using a comprehensive functional gene array (GeoChip 3.0). Water samples were obtained from eight wells at the same aquifer depth immediately below a municipal landfill or along the predominant downgradient groundwater flowpath. Functional gene richness and diversity immediately below the landfill and the closest well were considerably lower than those in downgradient wells. Mantel tests and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) suggested that various geochemical parameters had a significant impact on the subsurface microbial community structure. That is, leachate from the unlined landfill impacted the diversity, composition, structure, and functional potential of groundwater microbial communities as a function of groundwater pH, concentrations of sulfate, ammonia, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Historical geochemical records indicate that all sampled wells chronically received leachate, and the increase in microbial diversity as a function of distance from the landfill is consistent with mitigation of the impact of leachate on the groundwater system by natural attenuation mechanisms. C1 [Lu, Zhenmei; He, Zhili; Kang, Sanghoon; Deng, Ye; Van Nostrand, Joy D.; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lu, Zhenmei] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Masoner, Jason R.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhou, Jizhong] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Parisi, Victoria A.; Suflita, Joseph M.] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Energy & Environm, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [He, Zhili; Parisi, Victoria A.; Suflita, Joseph M.; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jzhou@ou.edu RI Deng, Ye/A-2571-2013; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012; Van Nostrand, Joy/F-1740-2016; OI Van Nostrand, Joy/0000-0001-9548-6450; Kang, Sanghoon/0000-0002-3504-7955; ?, ?/0000-0002-7584-0632; Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology; U.S.G.S. Toxic Substances Hydrology; United States-Europe Commission Task Force on Biotechnology Research; National Science Fund of China [31170115]; Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment [2012ZX07101-012]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We are sincerely grateful to Prof. Barbara A. Bekins, William J. Andrews, and Bill Andrews (USGS), and anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology under Oklahoma Applied Research Support Program, the U.S.G.S. Toxic Substances Hydrology, and the United States-Europe Commission Task Force on Biotechnology Research, the National Science Fund of China (No. 31170115), and the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2012ZX07101-012). The GeoChips and associated computational pipelines used in this study were supported by ENIGMA Ecosystems and Networks Integrated with Genes and Molecular Assemblies through the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 59 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 5 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 11 BP 5824 EP 5833 DI 10.1021/es300478j PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952HJ UT WOS:000304783000027 PM 22533634 ER PT J AU Gurdak, JJ Qi, SL AF Gurdak, Jason J. Qi, Sharon L. TI Vulnerability of Recently Recharged Groundwater in Principle Aquifers of the United States To Nitrate Contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER NITRATE; HIGH-PLAINS AQUIFER; NITROGEN-SOURCES; USA; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROBABILITY; HEALTH; RISK AB Recently recharged water (defined here as <60 years old) is generally the most vulnerable part of a groundwater resource to nonpoint-source nitrate contamination. Understanding at the appropriate scale the interactions of natural and anthropogenic controlling factors that influence nitrate occurrence in recently recharged groundwater is critical to support best management and policy decisions that are often made at the aquifer to subaquifer scale. New logistic regression models were developed using data from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program and National Water Information System for 17 principal aquifers of the U.S. to identify important source, transport, and attenuation factors that control nonpoint source nitrate concentrations greater than relative background levels in recently recharged groundwater and were used to predict the probability of detecting elevated nitrate in areas beyond the sampling network. Results indicate that dissolved oxygen, crops and irrigated cropland, fertilizer application, seasonally high water table, and soil properties that affect infiltration and denitrification are among the most important factors in predicting elevated nitrate concentrations. Important differences in controlling factors and spatial predictions were identified in the principal aquifer and national-scale models and support the conclusion that similar spatial scales are needed between informed groundwater management and model development. C1 [Gurdak, Jason J.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Qi, Sharon L.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Gurdak, JJ (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM jgurdak@sfsu.edu FU USGS NAWQA water-quality assessment of PM FX This work was supported by the USGS NAWQA water-quality assessment of PM. We thank the NAWQA personnel who designed networks and collected the data used in this study. We are grateful for the comments on earlier drafts from three anonymous reviewers and the NAWQA and other USGS scientists, including Scott Anderholm, Dave Arming, Terri Arnold, Joseph Ayotte, Nancy Bauch, Marian Berndt, Laura Bexfield, Doug Burns, Karen Burow, Judith Denver, Sarah Flanagan, Karie Hitt, Chip Hunt, Jim Kingsbury, Wayne Lapham, Bruce Lindsey, Peter McMahon, Tom Nolan, Suzanne Paschke, Gary Rowe, Michael Rupert, Sue Thiros, and Kelly Warner. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 5 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 11 BP 6004 EP 6012 DI 10.1021/es300688b PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952HJ UT WOS:000304783000048 PM 22582987 ER PT J AU Connon, RE D'Abronzo, LS Hostetter, NJ Javidmehr, A Roby, DD Evans, AF Loge, FJ Werner, I AF Connon, Richard E. D'Abronzo, Leandro S. Hostetter, Nathan J. Javidmehr, Alireza Roby, Daniel D. Evans, Allen F. Loge, Frank. J. Werner, Inge TI Transcription Profiling in Environmental Diagnostics: Health Assessments in Columbia River Basin Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; STRESS RESPONSES; MICROARRAY DATA; EXPOSURE; SALMON; ESFENVALERATE; BIOMARKER; FISH AB The health condition of out-migrating juvenile salmonids can influence migration success. Physical damage, pathogenic infection, contaminant exposure, and immune system status can affect survival probability. The present study is part of a wider investigation of out-migration success in juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and focuses on the application of molecular profiling to assess sublethal effects of environmental stressors in field-collected fish. We used a suite of genes in O. mykiss to specifically assess responses that could be directly related to steelhead health condition during out-migration. These biomarkers were used on juvenile steelhead captured in the Snake River, a tributary of the Columbia River, in Washington, USA, and were applied on gill and anterior head kidney tissue to assess immune system responses, pathogen-defense (NRAMP, Mx, CXC), general stress (HSP70), metal-binding (metallothionein-A), and xenobiotic metabolism (Cyp1a1) utilizing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Upon capture, fish were ranked according to visual external physical conditions into good, fair, poor, and bad categories; gills and kidney tissues were then dissected and preserved for gene analyses. Transcription responses were tissue-specific for gill and anterior head kidney with less significant responses in gill tissue than in kidney. Significant differences between the condition ranks were attributed to NRAMP, MX, CXC, and Cyp1a1 responses. Gene profiling correlated gene expression with pathogen presence, and results indicated that gene profiling can be a useful tool for identifying specific pathogen types responsible for disease. Principal component analysis (PCA) further correlated these responses with specific health condition categories, strongly differentiating good, poor, and bad condition ranks. We conclude that molecular profiling is an informative and useful tool that could be applied to indicate and monitor numerous population-level parameters of management interest. C1 [Connon, Richard E.; D'Abronzo, Leandro S.; Javidmehr, Alireza; Werner, Inge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Evans, Allen F.] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Loge, Frank. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Connon, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM reconnon@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Walla Walla District FX This research was funded by the Anadromous Fish Evaluation Project, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to F. J. Loge. Funding for fish collection and necropsy was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Walla Walla District, to D. D. Roby. The authors thank Dr. Peter G. Green Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, for conducting the chemical analyses on water and tissue samples. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 5 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 11 BP 6081 EP 6087 DI 10.1021/es3005128 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952HJ UT WOS:000304783000058 PM 22587496 ER PT J AU Herring, G Ackerman, JT Herzog, MP AF Herring, Garth Ackerman, Joshua T. Herzog, Mark P. TI Mercury Exposure May Suppress Baseline Corticosterone Levels in Juvenile Birds SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; STRESS-RESPONSE; METABOLITE LEVELS; SPACE USE; METHYLMERCURY; HORMONES; CHICKS; EGGS; SEX; CONTAMINATION AB Mercury exposure has been associated with a wide variety of negative reproductive responses in birds, however few studies have examined the potential for chick impairment via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis regulates corticosterone levels during periods of stress. We examined the relationship between baseline fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations and mercury concentrations in down feathers of recently hatched (<3 days) and blood of older (15-37 days) Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) chicks in San Francisco Bay, California. Baseline fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations were negatively correlated with mercury concentrations in blood of older chicks (decreasing by 81% across the range of observed mercury concentrations) while accounting for positive correlations between corticosterone concentrations and number of fledgling chicks within the colony and chick age. In recently hatched chicks, baseline fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations were weakly negatively correlated with mercury concentrations in down feathers (decreasing by 45% across the range of observed mercury concentrations) while accounting for stronger positive correlations between corticosterone concentrations and colony nest abundance and date. These results indicate that chronic mercury exposure may suppress baseline corticosterone concentrations in tern chicks and suggests that a juvenile bird's ability to respond to stress may be reduced via the downregulation of the HPA axis. C1 [Herring, Garth; Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herzog, Mark P.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gherring@usgs.gov OI Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. We appreciate the logistical support and cooperation of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge. All birds were captured, sampled, and banded under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and California Department of Fish and Game permits. We thank R. Keister, J. LaCoss, C. Thao, S. Peterson, K. Ruskin, C. Schacter, and D. Spatz for field and lab assistance. J. Stott and M. Blanchard provided access to a plate reader and valuable advice on running EIA plates. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 5 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 11 BP 6339 EP 6346 DI 10.1021/es300668c PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952HJ UT WOS:000304783000090 PM 22578153 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF Burgmann, R Thatcher, W AF Pollitz, Fred F. Buergmann, Roland Thatcher, Wayne TI Illumination of rheological mantle heterogeneity by the M7.2 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE mantle; postseismic; rheology; viscoelasticity ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SAN-ANDREAS-FAULT; CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SALTON-TROUGH; POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; TRANSIENT RHEOLOGY AB Major intracontinental strike-slip faults tend to mark boundaries between lithospheric blocks of contrasting mechanical properties along much of their length. Both crustal and mantle heterogeneities can form such boundaries, but the role of crustal versus mantle strength contrasts for localizing strain sufficiently to generate major faults remains unclear. Using the crustal velocity field observed through the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the epicentral area of the M7.2 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake, Baja California, we find that transient deformation observed after the event is anomalously small in areas of relatively high seismic velocity in the shallow upper mantle (similar to 50 km depth). This pattern is best explained with a laterally heterogeneous viscoelastic structure that mimics the seismic structure. The mantle of the Southern Colorado River Desert (SCRD) and Peninsular Ranges (PR), which bound the fault system to its east and west, respectively, have anomalously high viscosity and seismic velocity. We hypothesize that compared with the rest of the San Andreas fault (SAF) system to its north, the strike-slip fault system in northern Baja California is narrow because of the presence of the PR and SCRD high-viscosity regions which bound it. C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.; Thatcher, Wayne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN 2 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q06002 DI 10.1029/2012GC004139 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 952DJ UT WOS:000304770000002 ER PT J AU Berhe, AA Harden, JW Torn, MS Kleber, M Burton, SD Harte, J AF Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw Harden, Jennifer W. Torn, Margaret S. Kleber, Markus Burton, Sarah D. Harte, John TI Persistence of soil organic matter in eroding versus depositional landform positions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON DYNAMICS; STABILIZATION MECHANISMS; REDOX OSCILLATIONS; HYDROFLUORIC-ACID; SURFACE-AREA; IRON-OXIDES; BULK SOILS; CPMAS NMR AB Soil organic matter (SOM) processes in dynamic landscapes are strongly influenced by soil erosion and sedimentation. We determined the contribution of physical isolation of organic matter (OM) inside aggregates, chemical interaction of OM with soil minerals, and molecular structure of SOM in controlling storage and persistence of SOM in different types of eroding and depositional landform positions. By combining density fractionation with elemental and spectroscopic analyses, we showed that SOM in depositional settings is less transformed and better preserved than SOM in eroding landform positions. However, which environmental factors exert primary control on storage and persistence of SOM depended on the nature of the landform position considered. In an annual grassland watershed, protection of SOM by physical isolation inside aggregates and chemical association of organic matter (complexation) with soil minerals, as assessed by correlation with radiocarbon concentration, were more effective in the poorly drained, lowest-lying depositional landform positions, compared to well-drained landform positions in the upper parts of the watershed. Results of this study demonstrated that processes of soil erosion and deposition are important mechanisms of long-term OM stabilization. C1 [Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Atwater, CA 95301 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.; Harte, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kleber, Markus] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burton, Sarah D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Berhe, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, 4225 N Hosp Rd, Atwater, CA 95301 USA. EM aaberhe@ucmerced.edu RI Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw/D-4179-2011; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw/0000-0002-6986-7943; FU National Research Initiative from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2003-35107-13601]; USGS; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX We wish to thank Corey Lawrence, Elisabet Nadeu, James Kirchner, and Garrison Sposito for their comments on earlier versions of this manuscript; Daniel Keck, Chris Swanston, and Erika Marin-Spiotta for help with density fractionation; and Marjorie Schultz at USGS Menlo Park for guidance during SSA work. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor for their useful comments. This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2003-35107-13601 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, by the USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program, and by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The 13C NMR work described in this paper was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 81 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 60 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN 2 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G02019 DI 10.1029/2011JG001790 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 952CQ UT WOS:000304767700001 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Chesser, RT Bell, DA Dove, CJ AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Chesser, R. Terry Bell, Douglas A. Dove, Carla J. TI Hybridization among Arctic white-headed gulls (Larus spp.) obscures the genetic legacy of the Pleistocene SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Genetic structure; hybridization; Larus; Pleistocene glacial refugia; white-headed gulls ID GLAUCESCENS-OCCIDENTALIS COMPLEX; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; POPULATION PARAMETERS; LATE QUATERNARY; HYBRID ZONES; ICE AGES; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CONSEQUENCES AB We studied the influence of glacial oscillations on the genetic structure of seven species of white-headed gull that breed at high latitudes (Larus argentatus, L. canus, L. glaucescens, L. glaucoides, L. hyperboreus, L. schistisagus, and L. thayeri). We evaluated localities hypothesized as ice-free areas or glacial refugia in other Arctic vertebrates using molecular data from 11 microsatellite loci, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, and six nuclear introns for 32 populations across the Holarctic. Moderate levels of genetic structure were observed for microsatellites (F-ST = 0.129), introns (Phi(ST) = 0.185), and mtDNA control region (Phi(ST) = 0.461), with among-group variation maximized when populations were grouped based on subspecific classification. Two haplotype and at least two allele groups were observed across all loci. However, no haplotype/allele group was composed solely of individuals of a single species, a pattern consistent with recent divergence. Furthermore, northernmost populations were not well differentiated and among-group variation was maximized when L. argentatus and L. hyberboreus populations were grouped by locality rather than species, indicating recent hybridization. Four populations are located in putative Pleistocene glacial refugia and had larger tau estimates than the other 28 populations. However, we were unable to substantiate these putative refugia using coalescent theory, as all populations had genetic signatures of stability based on mtDNA. The extent of haplotype and allele sharing among Arctic white-headed gull species is noteworthy. Studies of other Arctic taxa have generally revealed species-specific clusters as well as genetic structure within species, usually correlated with geography. Aspects of white-headed gull behavioral biology, such as colonization ability and propensity to hybridize, as well as their recent evolutionary history, have likely played a large role in the limited genetic structure observed. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Dove, Carla J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Bell, Douglas A.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ornithol & Mammol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov FU Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Laboratories of Analytical Biology; Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution FX Funding was provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Laboratories of Analytical Biology and Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. We thank the following for their significant contributions of tissues for this work: N. Rice, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; P. Sweet, American Museum of Natural History; R. Zink and M. Westberg, Bell Museum of Natural History; S. Birks, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture; D. Boertmann, National Environmental Research Group, Denmark; D. Willard, Field Museum of Natural History; R. Brumfield and D. Dittmann, Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science; K. Garrett, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County; J. Dean, National Museum of Natural History; J. Hudon, Royal Alberta Museum; A. Baker and O. Haddrath, Royal Ontario Museum; K. Winker and D. Gibson, University of Alaska Museum; and R. Bowie and C. Cicero, University of California Berkeley Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. We would also like to thank the numerous individuals that helped facilitate field work for the various museums; J. Hunt, Smithsonian Institution, who provided technical laboratory support; C. Milensky and F. Dahlan, Smithsonian Institution, for assistance with sample collection and preparation; and A. Driskell, M. Heacker, and L. Weigt, Smithsonian Institution, K. Omland, University of Maryland Baltimore County, and R. Wilson, University of Alaska Fairbanks, for their guidance and advice throughout this project, as well as two anonymous reviewers comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 2 IS 6 BP 1278 EP 1295 DI 10.1002/ece3.240 PG 18 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055WF UT WOS:000312447900015 PM 22833800 ER PT J AU Loesch, CR Reynolds, RE Hansen, LT AF Loesch, Charles R. Reynolds, Ronald E. Hansen, LeRoy T. TI An Assessment of Re-Directing Breeding Waterfowl Conservation Relative to Predictions of Climate Change SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Prairie Pothole Region; economic assessment; waterfowl; climate change; breeding pairs; hatchlings ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; NORTH-DAKOTA; LAND-USE; WETLANDS; SURVIVAL; IMPACT AB The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has a long history of habitat conservation in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States that has focused on migratory birds, particularly waterfowl. The ongoing acquisition program of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System has conserved approximately 1.1 million hectares of critical breeding waterfowl habitat. Results of recent predicted future climate scenarios are being used to suggest that waterfowl conservation be shifted away from currently important areas in the western and central portions of the U. S. PPR eastward, to locations where wetland and climate models suggest may become more conducive for providing wetland habitat for breeding ducks in the future. We used 24 years of breeding waterfowl and wetland monitoring data collected by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System in the PPR of North and South Dakota and northeast Montana, along with land value and restoration cost data to conduct an economic assessment of the biological risk of refocusing waterfowl conservation efforts eastward due to recent projections of climate change. We considered the immediate risk of the loss of existing wetland and grassland resources in the western portion of the U. S. PPR, their current carrying capacity and production potential, the financial cost of protection vs. restoration relative to current conservation priorities, and the uncertainty of climate change effects on waterfowl habitat distribution. Because unprotected wetland and grassland habitats exist in the western and central portions of the PPR that are important for maintaining current waterfowl carrying capacity and productivity, and climate change effects are highly uncertain, maintaining the current focus of habitat protection appears to be the most cost effective approach for waterfowl habitat conservation efforts. Additionally, continued intensive monitoring activities designed to detect changing waterfowl populations and upland and wetland habitat as they relate to anthropogenic impacts (e. g., pattern tile drainage, grassland conversion) and climatic changes (e. g., wetland hydro-period), should provide more precise results to inform and adapt management and conservation activities accordingly should spatial and temporal changes in wet-dry cycles occur in the future. C1 [Loesch, Charles R.; Reynolds, Ronald E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Hansen, LeRoy T.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Loesch, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Reg 6,3425 Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM chuck_loesch@fws.gov OI Hansen, LeRoy/0000-0001-9038-2142 NR 48 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 31 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.3996/032011-JFWM-020 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900001 ER PT J AU Mohler, JW Sweka, JA Kahnle, A Hattala, K Higgs, A DuFour, M Breece, MW Fox, DA AF Mohler, Jerre W. Sweka, John A. Kahnle, Andrew Hattala, Kathryn Higgs, Amanda DuFour, Mark Breece, Matthew W. Fox, Dewayne A. TI Growth and Survival of Hatchery-Produced Atlantic Sturgeon Released as Young-of-Year into the Hudson River, New York SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Atlantic; sturgeon; survival; hatchery; growth; Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus ID KOOTENAI RIVER; FIN RAYS; USA; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; AGE AB In 2007, a team of U. S. scientists performed a status review of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus and concluded that the species would likely become endangered (U. S. Endangered Species Act 1973, as amended) in the foreseeable future over much of its range, including populations of the New York Bight, which is comprised of the Hudson and Delaware rivers. Therefore, we evaluated an experimental release of hatchery-produced Atlantic sturgeon that took place in 1994 to determine the value of using stocked fish as a population recovery tool. We obtained recapture data on hatchery fish (identified by presence of pelvic fin removal) from the Atlantic Coast Sturgeon Tagging Database. Our evaluation of retention for a pelvic fin removal mark on hatchery fish showed that 36% of clipped individuals retained a clean fin clip after 49 d. The minimum survival rate for hatchery fish to age 5 was estimated to be in the range of 0.49-0.66% using documented recaptures (N = 24), known number of fish stocked, and results of the pelvic fin removal evaluation. Length and weight-at-age for recaptured hatchery fish at known ages 5-17 were within the range of values reported for wild fish whose ages were estimated by pectoral spine analysis. We also report that one ripe male hatchery fish at age 15 was captured along with other spermiating males at its parental spawning area in the Hudson River in 2009. C1 [Mohler, Jerre W.; Sweka, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Kahnle, Andrew; Hattala, Kathryn; Higgs, Amanda; DuFour, Mark] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Hudson River Fisheries Unit, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Breece, Matthew W.; Fox, Dewayne A.] Delaware State Univ, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Mohler, JW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM jerre_mohler@fws.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 12 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.3996/012011-JFWM-005 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900002 ER PT J AU Francl, KE Ford, WM Sparks, DW Brack, V AF Francl, Karen E. Ford, W. Mark Sparks, Dale W. Brack, Virgil, Jr. TI Capture and Reproductive Trends in Summer Bat Communities in West Virginia: Assessing the Impact of White-Nose Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bat; juvenile; lactation; pregnancy; reproduction; West Virginia; white-nose syndrome ID BIG BROWN BATS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; BUILDINGS; MOUNTAINS; SELECTION; INDIANA; FOREST AB Although it has been widely documented that populations of cave-roosting bats rapidly decline following the arrival of white-nose syndrome (WNS), longer term reproductive effects are less well-known and essentially unexplored at the community scale. In West Virginia, WNS was first detected in the eastern portion of the state in 2009 and winter mortality was documented in 2009 and 2010. However, quantitative impacts on summer bat communities remained unknown. We compared "historical'' (pre-WNS) capture records and reproductive rates from 11,734 bats captured during summer (15 May to 15 August) of 1997-2008 and 1,304 captures during 2010. We predicted that capture rates (number of individuals captured/net-night) would decrease in 2010. We also expected the energetic strain of WNS would cause delayed or reduced reproduction, as denoted by a greater proportion of pregnant or lactating females later in the summer and a lower relative proportion of juvenile captures in the mid-late summer. We found a dramatic decline in capture rates of little brown Myotis lucifugus, northern long-eared M. septentrionalis, small-footed M. leibii, Indiana M. sodalis, tri-colored Perimyotis subflavus, and hoary Lasiurus cinereus bats after detection of WNS in 2009. For these six species, 2010 capture rates were 10-37% of pre-WNS rates. Conversely, capture rates of big brown bats Eptesicus fuscus increased by 17% in 2010, whereas capture rates of eastern red bats Lasiurus borealis did not change. Together, big brown and eastern red bats were 58% of all 2010 captures but only 11% of pre-WNS captures. Reproductive data from 12,314 bats showed shifts in pregnancy and lactation dates, and an overall narrowing in the windows of time of each reproductive event, for northern-long-eared and little brown bats. Additionally, the proportion of juvenile captures declined in 2010 for these species. In contrast, lactation and pregnancy rates of big brown and eastern red bats, and the proportion of juveniles, were similar to historical patterns. Our results further elucidate the significance of short-term effects and provide a basis to examine long-term consequences of WNS. C1 [Francl, Karen E.] Radford Univ, Dept Biol, Radford, VA 24142 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sparks, Dale W.; Brack, Virgil, Jr.] Environm Solut & Innovat Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45232 USA. RP Francl, KE (reprint author), Radford Univ, Dept Biol, Radford, VA 24142 USA. EM kfrancl@radford.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 93 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.3996/062011-JFWM-039 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900003 ER PT J AU Klimstra, JD Padding, PI AF Klimstra, Jon D. Padding, Paul I. TI Harvest Distribution and Derivation of Atlantic Flyway Canada Geese SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canada goose; derivation; distribution; harvest management ID BAND REPORTING RATES; MORPHOLOGY; MALLARDS AB Harvest management of Canada geese Branta canadensis is complicated by the fact that temperate- and subarctic-breeding geese occur in many of the same areas during fall and winter hunting seasons. These populations cannot readily be distinguished, thereby complicating efforts to estimate population-specific harvest and evaluate harvest strategies. In the Atlantic Flyway, annual banding and population monitoring programs are in place for subarctic-breeding (North Atlantic Population, Southern James Bay Population, and Atlantic Population) and temperate-breeding (Atlantic Flyway Resident Population [AFRP]) Canada geese. We used a combination of direct band recoveries and estimated population sizes to determine the distribution and derivation of the harvest of those four populations during the 2004-2005 through 2008-2009 hunting seasons. Most AFRP geese were harvested during the special September season (42%) and regular season (54%) and were primarily taken in the state or province in which they were banded. Nearly all of the special season harvest was AFRP birds: 98% during September seasons and 89% during late seasons. The regular season harvest in Atlantic Flyway states was also primarily AFRP geese (62%), followed in importance by the Atlantic Population (33%). In contrast, harvest in eastern Canada consisted mainly of subarctic geese (42% Atlantic Population, 17% North Atlantic Population, and 6% Southern James Bay Population), with temperate-breeding geese making up the rest. Spring and summer harvest was difficult to characterize because band reporting rates for subsistence hunters are poorly understood; consequently, we were unable to determine the magnitude of subsistence harvest definitively. A better understanding of subsistence hunting is needed because this activity may account for a substantial proportion of the total harvest of subarctic populations. Our results indicate that special September and late seasons in the United States were highly effective in targeting AFRP geese without significantly increasing harvest of subarctic populations. However, it is evident that AFRP geese still are not being harvested at levels high enough to reduce their numbers to the breeding population goal of 700,000. C1 [Klimstra, Jon D.; Padding, Paul I.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Klimstra, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jon_klimstra@fws.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.3996/032011-JFWM-023 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900004 ER PT J AU Harper, KC Harris, F Miller, SJ Thalhauser, JM Ayers, SD AF Harper, Ken C. Harris, Frank Miller, Steve J. Thalhauser, John M. Ayers, Scott D. TI Life History Traits of Adult Broad Whitefish and Humpback Whitefish SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE migration; broad whitefish; humpback whitefish; telemetry; Kuskokwim River; Alaska ID FRESH-WATER; COREGONUS-NASUS; NORTH-AMERICA; JAMES-BAY; RIVER; FISHES; CLUPEAFORMIS; MIGRATION; GROWTH; ALASKA AB Broad whitefish Coregonus nasus and humpback whitefish C. pidschian are important to the regional subsistence economy of the Kuskokwim River watershed, Alaska, where they and other whitefish constitute greater than half of the nonsalmon fish harvests. Harvest occurs year-round from lakes, ponds, and the mainstem by subsistence fishermen and through a limited number of commercial permits. Little is known about the life history (e. g., migration patterns) of these species, and subsistence fishers have raised concerns about declining body size and abundance. Project objectives were to 1) characterize annual movement patterns of mature broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, 2) verify suspected spawning locations and locate new spawning locations for broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, 3) describe overwintering locations for broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, 4) characterize age and length at maturity for broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, and 5) characterize the habitat of at least one humpback whitefish spawning area. During 2006-2009, we implanted radiotransmitters in 135 mature broad whitefish and 83 humpback whitefish and tracked movements in the Kuskokwim River drainage. We identified two mainstem spawning areas used by broad whitefish and three tributary spawning areas and one mainstem spawning area used by humpback whitefish. Broad whitefish continued to move into spawning areas under the ice and spawned in late October or early November. Humpback whitefish spawned in early October before the river froze over. Individuals of each species migrated as far as 800 river kilometers to spawning areas. Both species migrated downstream after spawning, overwintered in the mainstem Kuskokwim River, and exhibited fidelity to oxbow and tundra lake feeding areas in the summer. Consecutive year spawning was exhibited by individuals of both species and occurred more frequently in males than females for broad whitefish. The median age (5 y) of broad whitefish captured for radiotagging was younger than ages observed in samples collected from other broad whitefish populations in Alaska and Canada. Only mature humpback whitefish in spawning condition were found during October in suspected spawning areas in the Holitna and Swift rivers. C1 [Harper, Ken C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Harris, Frank] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Koyukuk Natl Wildlife Refuge, Galena, AK 99741 USA. [Miller, Steve J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. [Thalhauser, John M.] Kuskokwim Native Assoc, Aniak, AK 99557 USA. RP Harper, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Fish & Wildlife Field Off, 43655 Kalifornsky Beach Rd, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. EM ken_harper@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Subsistence Management [FIS 06-303] FX Partial funding for this project (FIS 06-303) was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Subsistence Management. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 56 EP 75 DI 10.3996/022011-JFWM-011 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900005 ER PT J AU Denton, JC Roy, CL Soulliere, GJ Potter, BA AF Denton, John C. Roy, Charlotte L. Soulliere, Gregory J. Potter, Bradly A. TI Change in Density of Duck Nest Cavities at Forests in the North Central United States SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aix sponsa; Bucephala clangula; common goldeneye; hardwood; hooded merganser; Lophodytes cucullatus; natural cavities; wood duck ID WOOD DUCKS; NATURAL CAVITIES; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; HARDWOOD FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; TREES; SITES AB During the past century, clear-cut hardwood forests of the north central United States have regenerated, and trees have matured into size classes increasingly capable of producing cavities suitable for nesting ducks. We determined the density of natural cavities suitable for cavity-nesting ducks, compared suitable cavity-tree distribution by size class and species, and assessed how forest maturation impacted suitable cavity density and distribution over time at four sites in the north central United States. During 2006-2008, cavities suitable for nesting ducks occurred at densities of 1.76, 1.40, 1.84, and 0.92/ha at Mingo National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in Missouri, Shiawassee NWR in Michigan, Muscatatuck NWR in Indiana, and a study site including Mead State Wildlife Area in Wisconsin, respectively. Suitable nest-cavity densities increased at Mingo NWR (+300%) since 1965 and Shiawassee NWR (+900%) since 1973, but they remained similar at study sites examined during the mid-1980s (Muscatatuck NWR and Mead Wildlife Area) when previous site-specific cavity-suitability criteria were applied to our cavity data. Differences among sites were due to variation in tree species composition, stage of forest maturation, and potentially forest harvest regimes. Comparison of size distributions of all trees and those with suitable nest cavities indicated these forests have yet to mature into the most prolific cavity-producing size classes. Our findings suggest nest sites are not limiting duck populations at these four sites and hardwood forests with similar composition and structure. Rather than using the traditional practice of supplementing duck nest sites, wildlife managers in the North Central region should assess actual limiting factors before developing habitat management prescriptions for local cavity-nesting duck populations. C1 [Denton, John C.; Roy, Charlotte L.] So Illinois Univ Carbondale, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Soulliere, Gregory J.; Potter, Bradly A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Denton, JC (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, 2024 Newton Rd, Albany, GA 31701 USA. EM jdenton5@hotmail.com FU Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture FX This project was funded by the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture, a bird conservation partnership coordinated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.3996/112011-JFWM-067 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900006 ER PT J AU Krementz, DG Lehnen, SE Luscier, JD AF Krementz, David G. Lehnen, Sarah E. Luscier, Jason D. TI Habitat Use of Woodpeckers in the Big Woods of Eastern Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; Big Woods; habitat use; woodpecker; forest management ID CAMPEPHILUS-PRINCIPALIS PERSISTS; MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; CONTINENTAL NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST AB The Big Woods of eastern Arkansas contain some of the highest densities of woodpeckers recorded within bottomland hardwood forests of the southeastern United States. A better understanding of habitat use patterns by these woodpeckers is a priority for conservationists seeking to maintain these high densities in the Big Woods and the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley as a whole. Hence, we used linear mixed-effects and linear models to estimate the importance of habitat characteristics to woodpecker density in the Big Woods during the breeding seasons of 2006 and 2007 and the winter of 2007. Northern flicker Colaptes auratus density was negatively related to tree density both for moderate (. 25 cm diameter at breast height) and larger trees (>61 cm diameter at breast height). Red-headed woodpeckers Melanerpes erythrocephalus also had a negative relationship with density of large (. 61 cm diameter at breast height) trees. Bark disfiguration (an index of tree health) was negatively related to red-bellied woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus and yellow-bellied sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius densities. No measured habitat variables explained pileated woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus density. Overall, the high densities of woodpeckers observed in our study suggest that the current forest management of the Big Woods of Arkansas is meeting the nesting, roosting, and foraging requirements for these birds. C1 [Krementz, David G.] 1 Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Krementz, DG (reprint author), 1 Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM krementz@uark.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 43 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.3996/112011-JFWM-065 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900007 ER PT J AU Coates, PS Casazza, ML Halstead, BJ Fleskes, JP AF Coates, Peter S. Casazza, Michael L. Halstead, Brian J. Fleskes, Joseph P. TI Relative Value of Managed Wetlands and Tidal Marshlands for Wintering Northern Pintails SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; habitat selection; managed marsh; northern pintail; radiotelemetry; San Francisco estuary; Suisun Marsh ID HABITAT USE; RESOURCE SELECTION; RADIO-TRACKING; MACROPHYTES; COMMUNITIES; CALIFORNIA; SALINITY; MARSHES; DUCKS; TEXAS AB Northern pintail Anas acuta (hereafter pintail) populations have declined substantially throughout the western United States since the 1970s, largely as a result of converting wetlands to cropland. Managed wetlands have been developed throughout the San Francisco Bay estuaries to provide wildlife habitat, particularly for waterfowl. Many of these areas were historically tidal baylands, and plans are underway to remove dikes and restore tidal action. The relationship between tidal baylands and waterfowl populations is poorly understood. Our objective was to provide information on selection and avoidance of managed and tidal marshland by pintails. During 1991-1993 and 1998-2000, we radiomarked and relocated 330 female pintails (relocations, n = 11,574) at Suisun Marsh, California, the largest brackish water estuary within San Francisco Bay, to estimate resource selection functions during the nonbreeding months (winter). Using a distance-based modeling approach, we calculated selection functions for different ecological communities (e.g., tidal baylands) and investigated variation explained by time of day (day or night hours) to account for differences in pintail behavior (i. e., foraging vs. roosting). We found strong evidence for selection of managed wetlands. Pintails also avoided tidal marshes and bays and channels. We did not detect differences in selection function between day and night hours for managed wetlands, but the degree of avoidance of other habitats varied by time of day. We also found that areas subjected to tidal action did not influence the selection of immediately adjacent managed wetlands. In areas where tidal marsh is restored, improving habitat conditions in adjacent wetlands would likely increase local carrying capacities and offset the loss of wetland area. C1 [Coates, Peter S.; Casazza, Michael L.; Halstead, Brian J.; Fleskes, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Coates, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X NR 48 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 36 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.3996/102011-JFWM-062 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900008 ER PT J AU Hunt, TA Ward, DL Propper, CR Gibb, AC AF Hunt, Teresa A. Ward, David L. Propper, Catherine R. Gibb, Alice C. TI Effects of Capture by Trammel Net on Colorado River Native Fishes SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bonytail chub; Gila elegans; razorback sucker; Xyrauchen texanus; roundtail chub; Gila robusta; humpback chub; Gila cypya; delayed mortality; trammel net ID STRESS; BONYTAIL; CORTISOL; AURATUS; BREAM; CHUB AB Trammel nets are commonly used to sample rare fishes; however, little research has assessed delayed mortality associated with this capture technique. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate the effects of capture by trammel net on bonytail Gila elegans, razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, and roundtail chub Gila robusta, at 15, 20, and 25 degrees C. Fish (139-288 mm total length) were entangled in a trammel net for 2 h or captured by seine net and then monitored for mortality for at least 14 d. Blood samples were collected immediately after capture, and plasma cortisol levels were quantified as an index of capture-related stress. The cortisol response varied by species, but mean cortisol levels were higher for fish captured by trammel netting (295.9 ng/mL) relative to fish captured by seine netting (215.8 ng/mL). Only one fish (of 550) died during capture and handling, but 42% of the trammel-netted fish and 11% of the seine-netted fish died within 14 d after capture. In general, mortality after capture by trammel net increased with increased water temperature and at 25 degrees C was 88% for bonytail, 94% for razorback sucker, and 25% for roundtail chub. Delayed mortality of wild-caught fish captured by trammel net has the potential to be high, at least under some circumstances. We suggest that sampling frequency, timing of sampling (relative to reproductive cycles), and water temperature all be considered carefully when using trammel nets to sample diminished populations of imperiled native fishes. C1 [Ward, David L.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hunt, Teresa A.; Propper, Catherine R.; Gibb, Alice C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dlward@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado River, Multi-Species Conservation Program [06FG300039] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado River, Multi-Species Conservation Program agreement 06FG300039. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.3996/122011-JFWM-070 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900011 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Dalton, M AF Sethi, Suresh Andrew Dalton, Mike TI Risk Measures for Natural Resource Management: Description, Simulation Testing, and R Code With Fisheries Examples SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fisheries; natural resource management; risk assessment; variability ID CONDITIONAL VALUE; CONSERVATION; SYSTEMS AB Traditional measures that quantify variation in natural resource systems include both upside and downside deviations as contributing to variability, such as standard deviation or the coefficient of variation. Here we introduce three risk measures from investment theory, which quantify variability in natural resource systems by analyzing either upside or downside outcomes and typical or extreme outcomes separately: semideviation, conditional value-at-risk, and probability of ruin. Risk measures can be custom tailored to frame variability as a performance measure in terms directly meaningful to specific management objectives, such as presenting risk as harvest expected in an extreme bad year, or by characterizing risk as the probability of fishery escapement falling below a prescribed threshold. In this paper, we present formulae, empirical examples from commercial fisheries, and R code to calculate three risk measures. In addition, we evaluated risk measure performance with simulated data, and we found that risk measures can provide unbiased estimates at small sample sizes. By decomposing complex variability into quantitative metrics, we envision risk measures to be useful across a range of wildlife management scenarios, including policy decision analyses, comparative analyses across systems, and tracking the state of natural resource systems through time. C1 [Sethi, Suresh Andrew] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Dalton, Mike] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM suresh_sethi@fws.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Region 7 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation FX We thank the Alaska Fisheries Science Center and the Region 7 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for support during this work. We thank three anonymous reviewers and the JFWM Subject Editors for their thoughtful comments, which improved this manuscript. S. A. S. was partially supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship during this work. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.3996/122011-JFWM-072 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900013 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Skalos, DA Farinha, MA AF Fleskes, Joseph P. Skalos, Daniel A. Farinha, Melissa A. TI Bird Use of Fields Treated Postharvest With Two Types of Flooding in Tulare Basin, California SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture; California; Central Valley; density; postharvest flooding; Tulare Basin; waterfowl ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; NORTHERN PINTAILS; SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; MANAGED WETLANDS; SHOREBIRD USE; WATERFOWL; WINTER; WATERBIRDS; RICE AB We surveyed birds on grain and nongrain fields in the Tulare Basin of California treated postharvest with two types of flooding that varied in duration and depth of water applied (flooded-type [FLD] fields: <1 cm-1.5 m for >1 wk; irrigated-type [IRG] fields: <1-15 cm water for <1 wk at a time). Our goal was to compare use of these field types by birds to guide habitat conservation in the region. During 19 August-6 December 2005, we counted a total of 80,316 birds during 23 surveys of 5 FLD fields (four wheat, one alfalfa) and 8,225 birds during 38 surveys of 33 IRG fields (23 cotton, 4 tomato, 3 wheat, 1 alfalfa, 1 oat, 1 fallow). We recorded 14 waterfowl (13 duck, 1 goose), 29 other waterbird (coots, shorebirds, grebes, pelicans, herons, egrets, gulls, terns), and 14 nonwaterbird (passerines, raptors, and vultures) species on FLD fields compared to 5 duck, 14 other waterbird, and 9 nonwaterbird species on IRG fields. Species composition differed by field type; waterfowl comprised a greater percentage (FLD vs. IRG, 16.2% vs. 1.3%), other waterbirds a similar percentage (80.4% vs. 71.6%), and nonwaterbirds a lower percentage (3.5% vs. 27.1%) of birds on FLD than on IRG fields. The modeled density estimate of waterfowl was 108 times greater on FLD than IRG fields and 7.4 times greater on grain than nongrain fields. The density estimate of other waterbirds was 11.8 times greater on FLD than IRG fields and 4.4 times greater on grain than nongrain fields. The density estimate of nonwaterbirds was 14.3 times greater on grain than nongrain fields but did not differ by flood type. Long duration (i.e., >1 wk) flooding increased waterbird use of grain fields in the Tulare Basin more than in the northern Central Valley. Thus, even though water costs are high in the Tulare Basin, if net benefit to waterbirds is considered, management programs that increase availability of FLD fields (especially grain) in the Tulare Basin may be a cost-effective option to help meet waterbird habitat conservation goals in the Central Valley of California. C1 [Fleskes, Joseph P.; Skalos, Daniel A.; Farinha, Melissa A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov FU CVJV FX We thank the CVJV for funding, D. Hardt and other Kern National Wildlife Refuge staff for providing housing and logistical support, and M. Hansen and other Tulare Basin landowners for access to their fields. The U. S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center provided administrative and other support; K. B. Gustafson and W. M. Perry provided mapping; and J.L. Yee provided statistical support. C. Elphick, D. Haukos, R. Holbrook, M. R. Miller, and T. Suchanek provided useful reviews that improved earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 18 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 164 EP 174 DI 10.3996/092011-JFWM-056 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900015 ER PT J AU Millard, MJ Czarnecki, CA Morton, JM Brandt, LA Briggs, JS Shipley, FS Sayre, R Sponholtz, PJ Perkins, D Simpkins, DG Taylor, J AF Millard, Michael J. Czarnecki, Craig A. Morton, John M. Brandt, Laura A. Briggs, Jennifer S. Shipley, Frank S. Sayre, Roger Sponholtz, Pamela J. Perkins, David Simpkins, Darin G. Taylor, Janith TI A National Geographic Framework for Guiding Conservation on a Landscape Scale SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat; landscape conservation; structured decision making ID CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, along with the global conservation community, has recognized that the conservation challenges of the 21st century far exceed the responsibilities and footprint of any individual agency or program. The ecological effects of climate change and other anthropogenic stressors do not recognize geopolitical boundaries and, as such, demand a national geographic framework to provide structure for cross-jurisdictional and landscape-scale conservation strategies. In 2009, a new map of ecologically based conservation regions in which to organize capacity and implement strategic habitat conservation was developed using rapid prototyping and expert elicitation by an interagency team of U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U. S. Geological Survey scientists and conservation professionals. Incorporating Bird Conservation Regions, Freshwater Ecoregions, and U. S. Geological Survey hydrologic unit codes, the new geographic framework provides a spatial template for building conservation capacity and focusing biological planning and conservation design efforts. The Department of Interior's Landscape Conservation Cooperatives are being organized in these new conservation regions as multi-stakeholder collaborations for improved conservation science and management. C1 [Millard, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Czarnecki, Craig A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Briggs, Jennifer S.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Shipley, Frank S.] US Geol Survey, Off NW Reg Execut, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Sayre, Roger] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sponholtz, Pamela J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Perkins, David] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Simpkins, Darin G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Taylor, Janith] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newington, NH 03801 USA. RP Millard, MJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 308 Washington Ave, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM mike_millard@fws.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 26 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.3996/052011-JFWM-030 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900016 ER PT J AU Gogan, PJP Gates, NB Lubow, BC Pettit, S AF Gogan, Peter J. P. Gates, Natalie B. Lubow, Bruce C. Pettit, Suzanne TI Aerial survey estimates of fallow deer abundance SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article DE abundance; aerial surveys; California; Dama dama; density estimation; fallow deer; Point Reyes National Seashore ID REYES NATIONAL SEASHORE; SIGHTABILITY MODELS; NET-GUN; ELK; COUNTS; BIAS AB Reliable estimates of the distribution and abundance of an ungulate species is essential prior to establishing and implementing a management program. We used ground surveys to determine distribution and ground and aerial surveys and individually marked deer to estimate the abundance of fallow deer (Dama dama) in north-coastal California. Fallow deer had a limited distribution at heterogeneous densities. Estimated post-rut densities across 4 annual surveys ranged from a low of 1.4 (SE = 0.2) deer/km(2) to a high of 3.3 (SE = 0.5) deer/km(2) in a low density stratum and from 49.0 (SE = 8.3) deer/km(2) to 111.6 (SE = 18.7) deer/km(2) in a high density stratum. Sightability was positively influenced by the presence of white color-phase deer in a group and group size, and varied between aerial and ground-based observers and by density strata. Our findings underscore the utility of double-observer surveys and aerial surveys with individually marked deer, both incorporating covariates to model sightability, to estimate deer abundance. C1 [Gogan, Peter J. P.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Gates, Natalie B.; Pettit, Suzanne] Natl Pk Serv, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Lubow, Bruce C.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gogan, PJP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM peter_gogan@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 2012 VL 98 IS 3 BP 135 EP 147 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 031SZ UT WOS:000310663900002 ER PT J AU Larsen, RT Bissonette, JA Flinders, JT Whiting, JC AF Larsen, Randy T. Bissonette, John A. Flinders, Jerran T. Whiting, Jericho C. TI Framework for understanding the influences of wildlife water developments in the western United States SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article DE conceptual model; desert; guzzler; integration; springs; water sources; wells; wildlife water development ID DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; MOUNTAIN SHEEP; MULE DEER; SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA; LAKE BONNEVILLE; OVIS-CANADENSIS; TURNOVER RATES; PRONGHORN USE; GREAT-BASIN AB Water both limits and supports life; as such, it is essential for life processes. Free water is a limiting factor for some wildlife species in arid regions of the world. In the western United States, management agencies have installed numerous water developments to benefit wildlife. Despite >50 years as an active management practice, questions have been raised concerning the efficacy and potential negative impacts of wildlife water developments. We propose a conceptual framework for understanding more generally how, when, and where water developments are likely to benefit wildlife that are intended to use such devices. We argue that five elements are fundamental to an integrated understanding of the use of water developments by wildlife: (1) availability of free water in time and space; (2) water state (free, metabolic, or pre-formed) used by wildlife; (3) seasonal temperature and precipitation patterns that influence the physiological need for water by wildlife; (4) behavioral constraints that limit use of otherwise available free water; and (5) proper spacing and placement of water developments for targeted species. These elements are intended to help guide research and management efforts concerning the influences of wildlife water developments. C1 [Larsen, Randy T.; Flinders, Jerran T.] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Larsen, Randy T.; Flinders, Jerran T.] Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,Dept Wildl, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Whiting, Jericho C.] Gonzales Stoller Surveillance, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Larsen, RT (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, 407 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM randy_larsen@byu.edu NR 105 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 26 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 2012 VL 98 IS 3 BP 148 EP 163 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 031SZ UT WOS:000310663900003 ER PT J AU Danielson, TJ Loftin, CS Tsomides, L DiFranco, JL Connors, B Courtemanch, DL Drummond, F Davies, SP AF Danielson, Thomas J. Loftin, Cynthia S. Tsomides, Leonidas DiFranco, Jeanne L. Connors, Beth Courtemanch, David L. Drummond, Francis Davies, Susan P. TI An algal model for predicting attainment of tiered biological criteria of Maine's streams and rivers SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological assessment; discriminant analysis; tiered aquatic life uses; Biological Condition Gradient; metrics; algae; reference conditions; diatoms; water quality; expert judgment; Delphi method ID BENTHIC DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; WATER-QUALITY; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; MONITOR EUTROPHICATION; ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; ORGANIC POLLUTION; FISH COMMUNITIES AB State water-quality professionals developing new biological assessment methods often have difficulty relating assessment results to narrative criteria in water-quality standards. An alternative to selecting index thresholds arbitrarily is to include the Biological Condition Gradient (BCG) in the development of the assessment method. The BCG describes tiers of biological community condition to help identify and communicate the position of a water body along a gradient of water quality ranging from natural to degraded. Although originally developed for fish and macroinvertebrate communities of streams and rivers, the BCG is easily adapted to other habitats and taxonomic groups. We developed a discriminant analysis model with stream algal data to predict attainment of tiered aquatic-life uses in Maine's water-quality standards. We modified the BCG framework for Maine stream algae, related the BCG tiers to Maine's tiered aquatic-life uses, and identified appropriate algal metrics for describing BCG tiers. Using a modified Delphi method, 5 aquatic biologists independently evaluated algal community metrics for 230 samples from streams and rivers across the state and assigned a BCG tier (1-6) and Maine water quality class (AA/A, B, C, nonattainment of any class) to each sample. We used minimally disturbed reference sites to approximate natural conditions (Tier 1). Biologist class assignments were unanimous for 53% of samples, and 42% of samples differed by 1 class. The biologists debated and developed consensus class assignments. A linear discriminant model built to replicate a priori class assignments correctly classified 95% of 150 samples in the model training set and 91% of 80 samples in the model validation set. Locally derived metrics based on BCG taxon tolerance groupings (e. g., sensitive, intermediate, tolerant) were more effective than were metrics developed in other regions. Adding the algal discriminant model to Maine's existing macroinvertebrate discriminant model will broaden detection of biological impairment and further diagnose sources of impairment. The algal discriminant model is specific to Maine, but our approach of explicitly tying an assessment tool to tiered aquatic-life goals is widely transferrable to other regions, taxonomic groups, and waterbody types. C1 [Danielson, Thomas J.; Tsomides, Leonidas; Courtemanch, David L.; Davies, Susan P.] Maine Dept Environm Protect, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [DiFranco, Jeanne L.; Connors, Beth] Maine Dept Environm Protect, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Drummond, Francis] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04669 USA. RP Danielson, TJ (reprint author), Maine Dept Environm Protect, 17 State House Stn, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. EM thomas.j.danielson@maine.gov; cynthia.loftin@maine.edu; leon.tsomides@maine.gov; jeanne.l.difranco@maine.gov; beth.connors@maine.gov; dave.l.courtemanch@maine.gov; fdrummond@maine.edu; spdbh@gwi.net FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank the dedicated staff of the Maine Department of Environmental Protection and the Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for support during the project. We thank Caitlin Kersten for evaluating samples and assigning water-quality groups. We thank Chris Halsted, Karla Hyde, Susanne Meidel, Mike Smith, and Doug Suitor for assistance with ArcMap and database management. We thank Susan Brawley and R. Jan Stevenson for guidance and recommendations that greatly improved the project. We thank Don Charles and Marina Potapova for their willingness to provide independent assessment and classification assignments of data subsets. We thank Susan Jackson for her insight into the Biological Condition Gradient. We thank Ben Jessup, Mary Becker, Daren Carlisle, Leska Fore, Pamela Silver, and an anonymous referee for their thoughtful and helpful reviews. This study was partly funded by grants from the US Environmental Protection Agency, and we appreciate the support provided by Jennie Bridge and Al Basile. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the US government or the State of Maine. NR 109 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 31 IS 2 BP 318 EP 340 DI 10.1899/11-061.1 PG 23 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021SD UT WOS:000309904800005 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Wang, CH Lu, GQ Zhao, JL Chapman, DC Zsigmond, J Li, SF AF Chen, Qin Wang, Chenghui Lu, Guoqing Zhao, Jinliang Chapman, Duane C. Zsigmond, Jeney Li, Sifa TI Microsatellite genetic diversity and differentiation of native and introduced grass carp populations in three continents SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Ctenopharyngodon idella; Microsatellite; Genetic differentiation; Bottleneck effect ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; STEPWISE MUTATION MODEL; MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; INVASIVE GRASS; YANGTZE-RIVER; EVOLUTION; BOTTLENECKS; LOCI AB Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a freshwater species native to China, has been introduced to about 100 countries/regions and poses both biological and environmental challenges to the receiving ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed genetic variation in grass carp from three introduced river systems (Mississippi River Basin in US, Danube River in Hungary, and Tone River in Japan) as well as its native ranges (Yangtze, Pearl, and Amur Rivers) in China using 21 novel microsatellite loci. The allelic richness, observed heterozygosity, and within-population gene diversity were found to be lower in the introduced populations than in the native populations, presumably due to the small founder population size of the former. Significant genetic differentiation was found between all pairwise populations from different rivers. Both principal component analysis and Bayesian clustering analysis revealed obvious genetic distinction between the native and introduced populations. Interestingly, genetic bottlenecks were detected in the Hungarian and Japanese grass carp populations, but not in the North American population, suggesting that the Mississippi River Basin grass carp has experienced rapid population expansion with potential genetic diversification during the half-century since its introduction. Consequently, the combined forces of the founder effect, introduction history, and rapid population expansion help explaining the observed patterns of genetic diversity within and among both native and introduced populations of the grass carp. C1 [Chen, Qin; Wang, Chenghui; Zhao, Jinliang; Li, Sifa] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Key Lab Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Minist Agr, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. [Lu, Guoqing] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Chapman, Duane C.] USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Zsigmond, Jeney] Res Inst Fisheries Aquaculture & Irrigat, H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary. RP Wang, CH (reprint author), Shanghai Ocean Univ, Key Lab Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Minist Agr, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. EM wangch@shou.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30630051] FX The authors thank Mr. Minghu Tang (Hangjiang Chinese Farmed Fish Farm, China), Lixia Fu (Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China), Kevin Irons (Illinois Natural History Survey, USA), Mark Pegg (University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA), Kirk Steffensen (Nebraska Game and Parks Commission), and James T. Lamer (Western Illinois University, USA). We also acknowledge Mary Christman (University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA) for proofreading this paper. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30630051). NR 66 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD JUN PY 2012 VL 140 IS 4-6 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s10709-012-9663-8 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 008PF UT WOS:000308968300002 PM 22740170 ER PT J AU Trexler, J Cashman, P Cosca, M AF Trexler, James Cashman, Patricia Cosca, Michael TI Constraints on the history and topography of the Northeastern Sierra Nevada from a Neogene sedimentary basin in the Reno-Verdi area, Western Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ANCESTRAL-CASCADES ARC; RANGE TRANSITION ZONE; CALIFORNIA IMPLICATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; CARSON CITY; EVOLUTION; MIOCENE; TECTONICS; CLIMATE; MA AB Neogene (Miocene-Pliocene) sedimentary rocks of the northeastern Sierra Nevada were deposited in small basins that formed in response to volcanic and tectonic activity along the eastern margin of the Sierra. These strata record an early phase (ca. 11-10 Ma) of extension and rapid sedimentation of boulder conglomerates and debrites deposited on alluvial fans, followed by fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation and nearby volcanic arc activity but tectonic quiescence, until similar to 2.6 Ma. The fossil record in these rocks documents a warmer, wetter climate featuring large mammals and lacking the Sierran orographic rain shadow that dominates climate today on the eastern edge of the Sierra. This record of a general lack of paleo-relief across the eastern margin of the Sierra Nevada is consistent with evidence presented elsewhere that there was not a significant topographic barrier between the Pacific Ocean and the interior of the continent east of the Sierra before similar to 2.6 Ma. However, these sediments do not record an integrated drainage system either to the east into the Great Basin like the modern Truckee River, or to the west across the Sierra like the ancestral Feather and Yuba rivers. The Neogene Reno-Verdi basin was one of several, scattered endorheic (i.e., internally drained) basins occupying this part of the Cascade intra-arc and back-arc area. C1 [Trexler, James; Cashman, Patricia] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cosca, Michael] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Trexler, J (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, MS 172, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU NSF [EAR9815122, EAR0001130] FX This research was funded in part by NSF grants EAR9815122 and EAR0001130 to Cashman and Trexler. Throughout this study, we have all benefitted from discussions with many students and colleagues at the University of Nevada, Reno (Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, and Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology) and elsewhere. In particular, we thank Larry Garside, Jim Faulds, and Chris Henry (Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology), Chris Benedict (Washoe County Department of Water Resources), John Louie (University of Nevada Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering), and many graduate and undergraduate students who have looked at these rocks with us over the years. Tom Kelly was generous with his time and vertebrate paleontological skills. Mike Perkins shared his encyclopedic knowledge of tephrostratigraphy of the region. We thank Cathy Busby, Keith Putirka, Chris Holm-Denoma, and an anonymous reviewer for very helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Many alert colleagues and friends in Reno have found and directed us to new and often temporary exposures of Pliocene-Pleistocene rocks, which we appreciate. Trade names used in this study are for reference only and do not imply endorsement by the USGS. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 BP 548 EP 561 DI 10.1130/GES00735.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 008EN UT WOS:000308940300002 ER PT J AU von Huene, R Miller, JJ Weinrebe, W AF von Huene, Roland Miller, John J. Weinrebe, Wilhelm TI Subducting plate geology in three great earthquake ruptures of the western Alaska margin, Kodiak to Unimak SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ST-ELIAS OROGEN; WILLIAM-SOUND EARTHQUAKE; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; ACCRETIONARY WEDGE; TRANSITION FAULT; ZONE STRUCTURE; COSTA-RICA; GULF; SHUMAGIN; BENEATH AB Three destructive earthquakes along the Alaska subduction zone sourced transoceanic tsunamis during the past 70 years. Since it is reasoned that past rupture areas might again source tsunamis in the future, we studied potential asperities and barriers in the subduction zone by examining Quaternary Gulf of Alaska plate history, geophysical data, and morphology. We relate the aftershock areas to subducting lower plate relief and dissimilar materials in the seismogenic zone in the 1964 Kodiak and adjacent 1938 Semidi Islands earthquake segments. In the 1946 Unimak earthquake segment, the exposed lower plate seafloor lacks major relief that might organize great earthquake rupture. However, the upper plate contains a deep transverse-trending basin and basement ridges associated with the Eocene continental Alaska convergent margin transition to the Aleutian island arc. These upper plate features are sufficiently large to have affected rupture propagation. In addition, massive slope failure in the Unimak area may explain the local 42-m-high 1946 tsunami runup. Although Quaternary geologic and tectonic processes included accretion to form a frontal prism, the study of seismic images, samples, and continental slope physiography shows a previous history of tectonic erosion. Implied asperities and barriers in the seismogenic zone could organize future great earthquake rupture. C1 [von Huene, Roland] US Geol Survey, Kiel, Germany. [von Huene, Roland; Weinrebe, Wilhelm] Geomar Inst Marine Geosci, D-24149 Kiel, Germany. [Miller, John J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP von Huene, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kiel, Germany. FU U.S. Geological Survey Tsunami Source Working Group FX We appreciate the careful and constructive reviews by journal reviewers Peter Haeussler and Holly Ryan that significantly improved this manuscript. Guest editor David Scholl was very helpful in facilitating the inclusion of this study in the Normark commemorative volume. R. von Huene received support from the U.S. Geological Survey Tsunami Source Working Group, and thanks David Scholl, Steve Kirby, and Holly Ryan for ongoing discussions as this study evolved. NR 82 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 BP 628 EP 644 DI 10.1130/GES00715.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 008EN UT WOS:000308940300007 ER PT J AU Drenth, BJ Keller, GR Thompson, RA AF Drenth, Benjamin J. Keller, G. Randy Thompson, Ren A. TI Geophysical study of the San Juan Mountains batholith complex, southwestern Colorado SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; IGNIMBRITE FLARE-UP; PUNA MAGMA BODY; VOLCANIC FIELD; NEW-MEXICO; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; CENTRAL ANDES; LA-PACANA AB One of the largest and most pronounced gravity lows over North America is over the rugged San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado (USA). The mountain range is coincident with the San Juan volcanic field (SJVF), the largest erosional remnant of a widespread mid-Cenozoic volcanic field that spanned much of the southern Rocky Mountains. A buried, low-density silicic batholith complex related to the volcanic field has been the accepted interpretation of the source of the gravity low since the 1970s. However, this interpretation was based on gravity data processed with standard techniques that are problematic in the SJVF region. The combination of high-relief topography, topography with low densities, and the use of a common reduction density of 2670 kg/m(3) produces spurious large-amplitude gravity lows that may distort the geophysical signature of deeper features such as a batholith complex. We applied an unconventional processing procedure that uses geologically appropriate densities for the uppermost crust and digital topography to mostly remove the effect of the low-density units that underlie the topography associated with the SJVF. This approach resulted in a gravity map that provides an improved representation of deeper sources, including reducing the amplitude of the anomaly attributed to a batholith complex. We also reinterpreted vintage seismic refraction data that indicate the presence of low-velocity zones under the SJVF. Assuming that the source of the gravity low on the improved gravity anomaly map is the same as the source of the low seismic velocities, integrated modeling corroborates the interpretation of a batholith complex and then defines the dimensions and overall density contrast of the complex. Models show that the thickness of the batholith complex varies laterally to a significant degree, with the greatest thickness (similar to 20 km) under the western SJVF, and lesser thicknesses (<10 km) under the eastern SJVF. The largest group of nested calderas on the surface of the SJVF, the central caldera cluster, is not correlated with the thickest part of the batholith complex. This result is consistent with petrologic interpretations from recent studies that the batholith complex continued to be modified after cessation of volcanism and therefore is not necessarily representative of synvolcanic magma chambers. The total volume of the batholith complex is estimated to be 82,000-130,000 km(3). The formation of such a large felsic batholith complex would inevitably involve production of a considerably greater volume of residuum, which could be present in the lower crust or uppermost mantle. The interpreted vertically averaged density contrast (-60 to -110 kg/m(3)), density (2590-2640 kg/m(3)), and seismic expression of the batholith complex are consistent with results of geophysical studies of other large batholiths in the western United States. C1 [Thompson, Ren A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Drenth, Benjamin J.; Keller, G. Randy] Univ Oklahoma, ConocoPhillips Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Drenth, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Drenth, Benjamin/D-8780-2013 FU University of Oklahoma; University of Texas at El Paso FX This work was supported by the University of Oklahoma and the University of Texas at El Paso. Numerous discussions with Peter Lipman and Tom Steven helped to sharpen our arguments. Kevin Crain and Steve Holloway provided critical support to the three-dimensional gravity modeling effort, and Jefferson Chang assisted with the seismic modeling. Robbie Gries contributed gravity and density data that improved the quality of the models presented here. Reviews from V.J.S. Grauch, Rick Saltus, Chris Fridrich, Michael Cheadle, Scott Paterson, Peter Styles, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 BP 669 EP 684 DI 10.1130/GES00723.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 008EN UT WOS:000308940300010 ER PT J AU Stockton, KA Moffitt, CM Blew, DL Farmer, CN AF Stockton, Kelly A. Moffitt, Christine M. Blew, David L. Farmer, C. Neal TI Acute Toxicity of Sodium Fluorescein to Ashy Pebblesnails Fluminicola fuscus SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mollusk toxicology; species extrapolation; risk assessment; aquifer monitoring ID SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; SPECIES SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; AQUIFER; MANAGEMENT; RECHARGE; SURFACE; RISKS; DYES AB Groundwater scientists use fluorescein dyes to trace ground water resources that supply springs which may contain threatened or endangered mollusk species. To estimate risks of a commonly used groundwater tracer to the threatened Bliss Rapids snail Taylorcocha serpenticola we tested the toxicity of sodium fluorescein solutions to a surrogate species, the ashy pebblesnail Fluminicola fuscus. Trials were conducted in static 24-h exposures to several levels of treatment as well as controls with no sodium fluorescein at temperatures similar to those in the habitat of concern. We estimated 377 mg L-1 as the median lethal concentration for the ashy pebblesnails. Using these data, we concluded that risks to mollusks from the proposed groundwater testing were likely low. C1 [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Blew, David L.] Idaho Power, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Farmer, C. Neal] Idaho Dept Water Resources, Boise, ID 83720 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank B. Sun, J. Hadzor, University of Idaho, for assistance with laboratory testing and preparation, and C. J. Williams who provided assistance with statistical testing and interpretation. Staff at Hagerman National Fish Hatchery provided snails for testing. We are grateful to D. Hopper, J. D. Stark, and G. S. Johnson and three anonymous reviewers for comments on previous manuscript drafts. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P. Heimowitz, project officer. This is publication 3036 of the Forest, Range and Wildlife Experiment Station. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the U.S. government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 BP 190 EP 197 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999UT UT WOS:000308341200004 ER PT J AU Ostberg, CO Chase, DM AF Ostberg, Carl O. Chase, Dorothy M. TI Temporal Genetic Monitoring of Hybridization between Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Introduced Rainbow Trout in the Stehekin River, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hybridization; cutthroat trout; rainbow trout; introgression; temporal genetic monitoring ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; HYBRID ZONES; PINK SALMON; MYKISS; POPULATIONS; SPREAD; GROWTH AB Introgressive hybridization with introduced rainbow trout (RBT) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has led to the loss of native cutthroat trout species (O. clarkii) throughout their range, creating conservation concerns. Monitoring temporal hybridization trends provides resource managers with a tool for determining population status and information for establishing conservation goals for native cutthroat trout. In this study, we re-sampled six locations in 2010 within the Stehekin River watershed, North Cascades National Park, which were originally sampled between 1999 and 2003. We used genetic markers to monitor changes in hybridization levels between sampling periods in the native westslope cutthroat trout (WCT) (O. c. lewisi) stemming from past RBT introductions. Additionally, two new locations from the lower Stehekin drainage were added to the baseline data. We found that the frequency of WCT, RBT, and their hybrids was not significantly different between monitoring periods, but that RBT allele frequencies decreased in two locations and increased in one location. We also found a consistent, substantial reduction in the frequency of RBT alleles over the monitoring period in the Stehekin River upstream of Bridge Creek (SR3) compared to the Stehekin River downstream of Bridge Creek (SR1-2) and within lower Bridge Creek (BR1) although these three locations are confined to a small geographic area (approximately 5 km). Ecological and/or evolutionary processes likely restrict the dispersal of RBT alleles in the Stehekin River upstream of Bridge Creek. C1 [Ostberg, Carl O.; Chase, Dorothy M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ostberg, CO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM costberg@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX National Park Service personnel and Marshal Hoy, U.S. Geological Survey, provided sampling assistance. We thank Steve Rubin, Patrick Connolly, Clint Muhlfeld, and one anonymous reviewer for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Resources from the National Park Service and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife were used to determine stocking histories. The Stehekin River basin map was provided by National Park Service. The National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey provided funding. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 28 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 BP 198 EP 211 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999UT UT WOS:000308341200005 ER PT J AU Steen, V Powell, AN AF Steen, Valerie Powell, Abby N. TI Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Distribution of Waterbirds in the Prairie Pothole Region, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Bittern; American Coot; Black Tern; climate change; freshwater wetlands; Pied-billed Grebe; Prairie Potholes; random forests; Sora; waterbird distribution ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; GREAT-PLAINS; NORTH-DAKOTA; LAND-COVER; WETLANDS; MODELS; CONSEQUENCES; PREDICTION; MANAGEMENT AB Wetland-dependent birds are considered to be at particularly high risk for negative climate change effects. Current and future distributions of American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), American Coot (Fulica americana), Black Tern (Chlidonias niger), Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) and Sora (Porzana carolina), five waterbird species common in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), were predicted using species distribution models (SDMs) in combination with climate data that projected a drier future for the PPR. Regional-scale SDMs were created for the U.S. PPR using breeding bird survey occurrence records for 1971-2000 and wetland and climate parameters. For each waterbird species, current distribution and four potential future distributions were predicted: all combinations of two Global Circulation Models and two emissions scenarios. Averaged for all five species, the ensemble range reduction was 64%. However, projected range losses for individual species varied widely with Sora and Black Tern projected to lose close to 100% and American Bittern 29% of their current range. Future distributions were also projected to a hypothetical landscape where wetlands were numerous and constant to highlight areas suitable as conservation reserves under a drier future climate. The ensemble model indicated that northeastern North Dakota and northern Minnesota would be the best areas for conservation reserves within the U.S. PPR under the modeled conditions. Received 1 August 2011, accepted 23 January 2012. C1 [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Steen, Valerie; Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Steen, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM valerie.steen@gmail.com RI Steen, Valerie/P-9913-2016; OI Steen, Valerie/0000-0002-1417-8139; Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU U.S. Geological Survey; Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Alaska FX The study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Science Support Program. Support for Valerie Steen was provided by the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the University of Alaska. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Regions 6 and 3) HAPET offices and the U.S. Geological Survey provided data. We appreciate the help of L. Burris and L. Joyce with the climate dataset. Earlier versions of the manuscript were reviewed by C. Hunter, D. Verbyla, S. Skagen and C. Alldridge. Mention of trade names or commercial products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 54 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 217 EP 229 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YL UT WOS:000308785900004 ER PT J AU Rigby, EA Haukos, DA AF Rigby, Elizabeth A. Haukos, David A. TI Breeding Season Survival and Breeding Incidence of Female Mottled Ducks on the Upper Texas Gulf Coast SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anas fulvigula; breeding incidence; Gulf Coast; Mottled Duck; nesting effort; nesting incidence; radio-telemetry survival ID WILD MALLARDS; NEST SUCCESS; TRANSMITTERS; REPRODUCTION; CANADA AB Previous Mottled Duck (Anas fulvigula) studies suggested that high female breeding season survival may be caused by low nesting effort, but few breeding season estimates of survival associated with nesting effort exist on the western Gulf Coast. Here, breeding season survival (N = 40) and breeding incidence (N = 39) were estimated for female Mottled Ducks on the upper Texas coast, 2006-2008. Females were fitted with backpack radio transmitters and visually relocated every 3-4 days. Weekly survival was estimated using the Known Fate procedure of program MARK with breeding incidence estimated as the annual proportion of females observed nesting or with broods. The top-ranked survival model included a body mass covariate and held weekly female survival constant across weeks and years (S-w = 0.986, SE = 0.006). When compared to survival across the entire year estimated from previous band recovery and age ratio analysis, survival rate during the breeding season did not differ. Breeding incidence was well below 100% in all years and highly variable among years (15%-63%). Breeding season survival and breeding incidence were similar to estimates obtained with implant transmitters from the mid-coast of Texas. The greatest breeding incidence for both studies occurred when drought indices indicated average environmental moisture during the breeding season. The observed combination of low breeding incidence and high breeding season survival support the hypothesis of a trade-off between the ecological cost of nesting effort and survival for Mottled Duck females. Habitat cues that trigger nesting are unknown and should be investigated. Received 18 September 2010, accepted 24 March 2012. C1 [Rigby, Elizabeth A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Rigby, EA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ElizabethRigby@gmail.com FU Texas Tech University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2 Migratory Bird Office FX We thank Texas Tech University and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2 Migratory Bird Office for providing funding for this project. P. Walther, M. Whitbeck, M. Nance, T. Turluck, S. Lejeune, C. Hoffpauir and J. Moon provided field assistance for this study and S. Sanchez, A. Loranger and T. Cooper provided administrative assistance and access to research sites. Thanks to N. McIntyre, L. Smith, L. Webb and J. Moon for comments on early drafts. Conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. Trapping and handling procedures followed guidelines set by permits from the Texas Tech University Animal Care and Use Committee (approval number 06026-06) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Bird Banding Permit 09072, issued 31 January 1964 and renewed every three years, permittee Texas Chenier Plains NWR, P. Walther). NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 260 EP 269 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YL UT WOS:000308785900008 ER PT J AU Bryan, AL Meyer, KD Tomlinson, BA Lauritsen, JA Brooks, WB AF Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr. Meyer, Ken D. Tomlinson, Bree A. Lauritsen, Jason A. Brooks, William B. TI Foraging Habitat Use by Breeding Wood Storks and the Core Foraging Area Concept SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE CFA; core foraging area; follow flights; foraging; Mycteria americana; Wood Stork ID EAST-CENTRAL GEORGIA; MYCTERIA-AMERICANA; ECOLOGY; FLORIDA; FOOD AB Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) foraging flight studies at 20+ colonies throughout the US range were reviewed to summarize foraging ranges and compared to 20, 25 and 30 km-wide regulatory buffers ("core foraging areas") created to provide sufficient foraging habitats for breeding storks. Mean (per colony) direct distances to foraging sites ranged from 2.7 to 18.1 km, and between 75-100% of all follow flights went to foraging sites within 20 km of their colony. Overall, reviewed follow flight data suggested that the 20-km buffer would be sufficient for all breeding colonies in the US. However, such a reduction is not supported at this time due to limited recent data for certain regions of the Wood Stork breeding range (e.g. central and southern Florida). Additional, preferably multi-year, foraging habitat use studies are needed to fill data gaps for these areas to better assess the validity of the CFA buffers. Received 22 August 2011, accepted 1 December 2011. C1 [Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Meyer, Ken D.] Avian Res & Conservat Inst, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Tomlinson, Bree A.] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Lauritsen, Jason A.] Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary, Natl Audubon Soc, Naples, FL 34120 USA. [Brooks, William B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, N Florida Field Off, Jacksonville, FL 32556 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM lbryan@srel.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S.D.I. National Park Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Georgia Department of Transportation; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; Felburn Foundation; DOE [DE-FC09-07SR22506] FX We thank H. K. Herring for allowing the inclusion of her study results. Also, we appreciate the many agencies and private sources that funded or otherwise supported the studies reviewed in this document: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S.D.I. National Park Service, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Georgia Department of Transportation, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and the Felburn Foundation. The review was partially supported by DOE Award Number DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. The manuscript benefited from two anonymous reviewers. Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 292 EP 300 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YL UT WOS:000308785900010 ER PT J AU Pias, KE Welch, ZC Kitchens, WM AF Pias, Kyle E. Welch, Zach C. Kitchens, Wiley M. TI An Artificial Perch to Help Snail Kites Handle an Exotic Apple Snail SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Apple Snail; exotic prey; Florida; Lake Kissimmee; Lake Tohopekaliga; Pomacea insularum; Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus; Snail Kite ID POMACEA-INSULARUM; PREDATION AB In the United States, the Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) is a federally endangered species and restricted to the wetlands of south-central Florida where the current population numbers less than 1,500. The Snail Kite is an extreme dietary specialist, previously feeding almost exclusively on one species of snail, the Florida Apple Snail (Panacea paludosa). Within the past decade, an exotic species of apple snail, the Island Apple Snail (Panacea insularum), has become established on lakes in central Florida. Island Apple Snails are larger than the native Florida Apple Snails, and Snail Kites handle the exotic snails less efficiently. juvenile Snail Kites, in particular, have lower daily energy balances while feeding on Island Apple Snails. An inexpensive, easy-to-construct platform was developed that would provide Snail Kites with a flat, stable surface on which to extract snails. The platform has the potential to reduce the difficulties Snail Kites experience when handling exotic snails, and may benefit the Snail Kite population as a whole. Initial observations indicate that Snail Kites use the platforms frequently, and snails extracted at the platforms are larger than snails extracted at other perches. Received 30 August 2011, accepted 14 January 2012. C1 [Pias, Kyle E.; Kitchens, Wiley M.] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Welch, Zach C.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Pias, KE (reprint author), Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 1100485,Bldg 810, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM kpias@ufl.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 23 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 347 EP 351 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YL UT WOS:000308785900017 ER PT J AU Mitchell, KL Riffell, SK Burger, LW Vilella, FJ AF Mitchell, Kristina L. Riffell, Samuel K. Burger, L. Wes, Jr. Vilella, Francisco J. TI PROVISIONING OF NESTLING DICKCISSELS IN NATIVE WARM-SEASON GRASS FIELD BUFFERS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BROOD SIZE; FORAGING PATTERNS; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; SAXICOLA-RUBETRA; TRADE-OFFS; FOOD; BIRDS; CONSERVATION AB We used video cameras in 2008-2009 to record provisioning activities at Dickcissel (Spiza americana) nests in and around Conservation Reserve Program field buffers in north-central Mississippi, USA. We simultaneously observed foraging flight distances of parents. Provisioning rate (P = 0.412), biomass (P = 0.161), and foraging distance (P = 0.159) did not increase with nestling age. Parents delivered larger items to meet demand associated with older nestlings (P = 0.010-0.001). This suggests energetic costs of changes in prey selection were less than costs of increasing the number or distance of provisioning trips. Presence of male helpers increased provisioning rate (P < 0.001) but not biomass (P = 0.992) because males brought smaller prey items (P = 0.001-0.021). Presence of observers 30 m from the nest reduced provisioning rates (P = 0.005) and biomass delivered (P = 0.066). Lack of habitat effects for any aspect of provisioning suggests grass field buffers provided nestling food resources similar to surrounding habitats. Use of continuous video monitoring of nest activity allows well-concealed activities including provisioning and male helping to be directly observed and better quantified. Received 7 September 2011. Accepted 26 January 2012. C1 [Riffell, Samuel K.; Vilella, Francisco J.] Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Riffell, SK (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM sriffell@cfr.msstate.edu FU USDA-NRCS Agricultural Wildlife Conservation Center; College of Forest Resources; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station; Forest and Wildlife Research Center FX We thank the USDA-NRCS Agricultural Wildlife Conservation Center, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, and the Forest and Wildlife Research Center for funding. We thank B. Bryan Farms Inc. for allowing us to work on private property. H. L. Adams, K. K. Armstrong, J. R. Bradford, A. S. Brown, J. G. Dollar, A. B. DiNuovo, S. L. Hale, R. A. Hicks, W. H. Mitchell II, and A. A. Workman helped collect data. W. H. Mitchell II and N. A. Stukey helped process videos and enter data. E. D. Doxon reviewed an earlier version of our manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 17 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 124 IS 2 BP 298 EP 309 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YO UT WOS:000308786200012 ER PT J AU Jones, SL White, GC AF Jones, Stephanie L. White, Gary C. TI THE EFFECT OF HABITAT EDGES ON NEST SURVIVAL OF SPRAGUE'S PIPITS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN; PATCH SIZE; PREDATION; ABUNDANCE; PASSERINES; BIRDS; ROADS AB We explored the relationship between Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii) nest (n = 125) survival and the distance from their nests to grassland edge and other linear features on Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge in north-central Montana from 1997 to 2007. Specifically, we studied the effect of distance to roads (secondary paved road and tertiary improved and unimproved dirt roads), an agriculture field, an active railroad right-of-way, and lacustrine shoreline on nest daily survival rate (DSR). The overall DSR was 0.95 +/- 0.0057 (SE) with a 95% confidence interval of 0.94-0.96. We considered how models with distance thresholds (within 50, 100, 200, or 300 m) affected DSR while controlling for important covariates. None of the distance models improved the model over the minimum AIC(c) model containing only non-distance covariates. There was no support for distance to any of the edges, including roads, having an effect on DSR relative to the minimum AIC(c) model that contained three non-distance covariates. Received 7 September 2011. Accepted 23 December 2011. C1 [Jones, Stephanie L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Jones, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 25486 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM Stephanie_Jones@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nongame Migratory Bird Program, Region 6 FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nongame Migratory Bird Program, Region 6. M. J. Artmann measured and mapped the nest data using GIS. J. S. Dieni, N. D. Niemuth, S. K. Davis, L. D. Igl, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Mention of trade or product names does not indicate endorsement; the findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 33 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 124 IS 2 BP 310 EP 315 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YO UT WOS:000308786200013 ER PT J AU Braulik, GT Reichert, AP Ehsan, T Khan, S Northridge, SP Alexander, JS Garstang, R AF Braulik, Gill T. Reichert, Albert P. Ehsan, Tahir Khan, Samiullah Northridge, Simon P. Alexander, Jason S. Garstang, Richard TI Habitat use by a freshwater dolphin in the low-water season SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE river dolphins; Indus River; habitat use; water abstraction; Platanista; Pakistan; hydroecology; river geomorphology ID SUNDARBANS MANGROVE FOREST; INDUS RIVER DOLPHIN; ORCAELLA-BREVIROSTRIS; PLATANISTA-GANGETICA; CETACEAN-HABITAT; CONSERVATION; MODELS; FISH; PERFORMANCE; BANGLADESH AB Many river dolphin populations are most vulnerable during the low-water season when habitat is limited. Indus River dolphin habitat selection in the dry season was investigated using Generalized Linear Models of dolphin distribution and abundance in relation to physical features of river geomorphology and channel geometry in cross-section. Dolphins selected locations in the river with significantly greater mean depth, maximum depth, cross-sectional area, and hydraulic radius, and significantly narrower river width and a lower degree of braiding than areas where dolphins were absent. They were also recorded with higher frequency at river constrictions and at confluences. Channel cross-sectional area was the most important factor affecting dolphin presence and abundance, with the area of water below 1?m in depth exerting the greatest influence. Indus dolphins avoided channels with small cross-sectional area (<700?m2), presumably owing to the risk of entrapment and reduced foraging opportunities. Channel geometry had a greater ability to explain dolphin distribution than river geomorphology; however, both analyses indicated similar types of habitat selection. The dolphinhabitat relationships identified in the river geomorphology analysis were scale-dependent, indicating that dolphin distribution is driven by the occurrence of discrete small-scale features, such as confluences and constrictions, as well as by broader-scale habitat complexes. There are numerous plans to impound or extract more water from the Indus River system. If low-water season flows are allowed to decrease further, the amount of deeper habitat will decline, there may be insufficient patches of suitable habitat to support the dolphin population through the low-water season, and dolphins may become isolated within deeper river sections, unable or unwilling to traverse through shallows between favourable patches of habitat. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Braulik, Gill T.; Northridge, Simon P.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Braulik, Gill T.; Ehsan, Tahir; Khan, Samiullah; Garstang, Richard] WWF Pakistan Pakistan Wetlands Programme, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Reichert, Albert P.] Downstream Res Grp, Macon, GA 31201 USA. [Alexander, Jason S.] US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Braulik, GT (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM gillbraulik@downstream.vg FU Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society; US Marine Mammal Commission; WWF-Pakistan; Pakistan Wetlands Programme; UNDP GEF; Royal Netherlands Embassy FX The 2001 and 2006 dolphin survey data and cross-sections were collected by a large number of individuals from several organizations including Sindh, Punjab and Khyber PukhtunKhwa Wildlife Departments, Zoological Survey Department, WWF-Pakistan and the Pakistan Wetlands Programme. Statistical advice was provided by Mike Lonergan, and valuable reviews of earlier drafts contributed by Phil Hammond and Uzma Khan. Satellite images were donated by Michael Abrams at NASA. Funding was provided by the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, US Marine Mammal Commission, WWF-Pakistan and the Pakistan Wetlands Programme, which receives its support from UNDP GEF and the Royal Netherlands Embassy. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 533 EP 546 DI 10.1002/aqc.2246 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 983ED UT WOS:000307100400010 ER PT J AU Bray, J Rollins, K Hutchinson, T Verdugo, R Ledezma, C Mylonakis, G Assimaki, D Montalva, G Arduino, P Olson, SM Kayen, R Hashash, YMA Candia, G AF Bray, Jonathan Rollins, Kyle Hutchinson, Tara Verdugo, Ramon Ledezma, Christian Mylonakis, George Assimaki, Dominic Montalva, Gonzalo Arduino, Pedro Olson, Scott M. Kayen, Robert Hashash, Youssef M. A. Candia, Gabriel TI Effects of Ground Failure on Buildings, Ports, and Industrial Facilities SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB Soil liquefaction occurred at many sites during the 2010 Maule, Chile, earth-quake, often leading to ground failure and lateral spreading. Of particular interest are the effects of liquefaction on built infrastructure. Several buildings were damaged significantly due to foundation movements resulting from liquefaction. Liquefaction-induced ground failure also displaced and distorted waterfront structures, which adversely impacted the operation of some of Chile's key port facilities. Important case histories that document the effects of ground failure on buildings, ports, and industrial facilities are presented in this paper. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000034] C1 [Bray, Jonathan; Candia, Gabriel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environ Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rollins, Kyle] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environ Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Hutchinson, Tara] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Verdugo, Ramon] Univ Chile, Fac Math & Phys Sci, Santiago, Chile. [Ledezma, Christian] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Mylonakis, George] Univ Patras, Dept Civil Engn, Patras 26500, Greece. [Assimaki, Dominic] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Montalva, Gonzalo] Univ Concepcion, Dept Civil Engn, Concepcion, Chile. [Arduino, Pedro] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environ Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Olson, Scott M.; Hashash, Youssef M. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environ Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kayen, Robert] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Bray, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environ Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ledezma, Christian/D-1376-2014; Asimaki, Domniki/A-2274-2013; OI Ledezma, Christian/0000-0003-3821-6264; Asimaki, Domniki/0000-0002-3008-8088; Assimaki, Dominic/0000-0002-9200-3940 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-1034831] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. CMMI-1034831. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. Additional support was provided by Golder Associates and the Chilean Air Force. A large number of GEER team members contributed to this effort, including Jonathan Bray, David Frost, Ramon Verdugo, Christian Ledezma, Terry Eldridge, Pedro Arduino, Scott Ashford, Dominic Assimaki, David Baska, Jim Bay, Ruben Boroschek, Gabriel Candia, Leonardo Dorador, Aldo Faundez, Gabriel Ferrer, Lenart Gonzalez, Youssef Hashash, Tara Hutchinson, Laurie Johnson, Katherine Jones, Keith Kelson, Rob Kayen, Gonzalo Montalva, Robb Moss, Sebastian Maureira, George Mylonakis, Scott Olson, Kyle Rollins, Nicholas Sitar, Jonathan Stewart, Mesut Turel, Alfredo Urzua, Claudia Welker, and Rob Witter. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD JUN PY 2012 VL 28 SI 1 BP S97 EP S118 DI 10.1193/1.4000034 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 002XT UT WOS:000308573000007 ER PT J AU Kelson, K Witter, RC Tassara, A Ryder, I Ledezma, C Montalva, G Frost, D Sitar, N Moss, R Johnson, L AF Kelson, Keith Witter, Robert C. Tassara, Andres Ryder, Isabelle Ledezma, Christian Montalva, Gonzalo Frost, David Sitar, Nicholas Moss, Robb Johnson, Laurie TI Coseismie Tectonic Surface Deformation during the 2010 Maule, Chile, M-w 8.8 Earthquake SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID COASTAL UPLIFT; SEISMIC GAP; ZONE AB Tectonic deformation from the 2010 Maule (Chile) M-w 8.8 earthquake included both uplift and subsidence along about 470 km of the central Chilean coast. In the south, deformation included as much as 3 m of uplift of the Arauco Peninsula, which produced emergent marine platforms and affected harbor infrastructure. In the central part of the deformation zone, north of Constitucion, coastal subsidence drowned supratidal floodplains and caused extensive shoreline modification. In the north, coastal areas experienced either slight uplift or no detected change in land level. Also, river-channel deposition and decreased gradients suggest tectonic subsidence may have occurred in inland areas. The overall north-south pattern of 2010 coastal uplift and subsidence is similar to the average crestal elevation of the Coast Range between latitudes 33 degrees S and 40 degrees S. This similarity implies that the topography of the Coast Range may reflect long-term permanent strain accrued incrementally over many earthquake cycles. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000042] C1 [Kelson, Keith] URS Corp, Oakland, CA USA. [Witter, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Tassara, Andres] Univ Concepcion, Dept Ciencias Tierra, Concepcion, Chile. [Ryder, Isabelle] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Ledezma, Christian] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Montalva, Gonzalo] Univ Concepcion, Dept Civil Engn, Concepcion, Chile. [Frost, David] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sitar, Nicholas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moss, Robb] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Johnson, Laurie] Laurie Johnson Consulting, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Kelson, K (reprint author), URS Corp, Oakland, CA USA. RI Ledezma, Christian/D-1376-2014; Moss, Robb/N-7376-2014 OI Ledezma, Christian/0000-0003-3821-6264; FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-1034831]; Fugro Consultants, Inc.; Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. CMMI-1034831. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. Field logistical support was provided by Golder Associates and the Chilean Air Force. All GEER team members contributed to this effort, including Jonathan Bray, David Frost, Ramon Verdugo, Christian Ledezma, Terry Eldridge, Pedro Arduino, Scott Ashford, Dominic Assimaki, David Baska, Jim Bay, R. Boroschek, Gabriel Candia, Leonardo Dorador, Aldo Faundez, Gabriel Ferrer, Lenart Gonzalez, Youssef Hashash, Tara Hutchinson, Laurie Johnson, Katherine Jones, Keith Kelson, Rob Kayen, Gonzalo Montalva, Robb Moss, Sebastian Maureira, George Mylonakis, Scott Olson, Kyle Rollins, Nicholas Sitar, Jonathan Stewart, MesutTurel, Alfredo Urzua, Claudia Welker, and Rob Witter. Graphic illustrations for this paper were completed by Ranon Dulberg and Jason Holmberg (Fugro Consultants, Inc.). Technical reviews by an anonymous reviewer and Brian Atwater (USGS) greatly helped clarify the focus of the paper. Additional financial support was provided by Fugro Consultants, Inc. and the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD JUN PY 2012 VL 28 SI 1 BP S39 EP S54 DI 10.1193/1.4000042 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 002XT UT WOS:000308573000004 ER PT J AU Ledezma, C Hutchinson, T Ashford, SA Moss, R Arduino, P Bray, JD Olson, S Hashash, YMA Verdugo, R Frost, D Kayen, R Rollins, K AF Ledezma, Christian Hutchinson, Tara Ashford, Scott A. Moss, Robb Arduino, Pedro Bray, Jonathan D. Olson, Scott Hashash, Youssef M. A. Verdugo, Ramon Frost, David Kayen, Robert Rollins, Kyle TI Effects of Ground Failure on Bridges, Roads, and Railroads SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB The long duration and strong velocity content of the motions produced by the 27 February 2010 Maule earthquake resulted in widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading in several urban and other regions of Chile. In particular, critical lifeline structures such as bridges, roadway embankments, and railroads were damaged by ground shaking and ground failure. This paper describes the effects that ground failure had on a number of bridges, roadway embankments, and railroads during this major earthquake. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000024] C1 [Ledezma, Christian] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Hutchinson, Tara] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ashford, Scott A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Moss, Robb] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Arduino, Pedro] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bray, Jonathan D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kayen, Robert] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Olson, Scott; Hashash, Youssef M. A.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Frost, David] GeorgiaTech, Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Verdugo, Ramon] Univ Chile, Dept Ingn Civil, Santiago, Chile. [Rollins, Kyle] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Ledezma, C (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile. RI Ledezma, Christian/D-1376-2014 OI Ledezma, Christian/0000-0003-3821-6264 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-1034831] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. CMMI-1034831. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. Additional support was provided by Golder Associates and the Chilean Air Force. All GEER team members contributed to this effort, including Jonathan Bray, David Frost, Ramon Verdugo, Christian Ledezma, Terry Eldridge, Pedro Arduino, Scott Ashford, Dominic Assimaki, David Baska, Jim Bay, R. Boroschek, Gabriel Candia, Leonardo Dorador, Aldo Faundez, Gabriel Ferrer, Lenart Gonzalez, Youssef Hashash, Tara Hutchinson, Laurie Johnson, Katherine Jones, Keith Kelson, Rob Kayen, Gonzalo Montalva, Robb Moss, Sebastian Maureira, George Mylonakis, Scott Olson, Kyle Rollins, Nicholas Sitar, Jonathan Stewart, Mesut Turel, Alfredo Urzua, Claudia Welker, and Rob Witter. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD JUN PY 2012 VL 28 SI 1 BP S119 EP S143 DI 10.1193/1.4000024 PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 002XT UT WOS:000308573000008 ER PT J AU Perry, G Bertoluci, J Bury, B Hansen, RW Jehle, R Measey, J Moon, BR Muths, E Zuffi, MAL AF Perry, Gad Bertoluci, Jaime Bury, Bruce Hansen, Robert W. Jehle, Robert Measey, John Moon, Brad R. Muths, Erin Zuffi, Marco A. L. TI The "Peer" in "Peer Review" SO ACTA HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID GOLDEN-RULE C1 [Perry, Gad] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Bertoluci, Jaime] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bury, Bruce] USGS, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jehle, Robert] Univ Salford, Manchester, England. [Measey, John] Univ Western Cape, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Moon, Brad R.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA USA. [Muths, Erin] USGS, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Zuffi, Marco A. L.] Univ Pisa, Museum Nat Hist, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Perry, G (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Zuffi, Marco/J-6974-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU FIRENZE UNIV PRESS PI FIRENZE PA JOURNALS DIVISION, BORGO ALBIZI, 28, FIRENZE, 50122, ITALY SN 1827-9635 J9 ACTA HERPETOL JI Acta Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 993NV UT WOS:000307867300001 ER PT J AU Yuhr, L Kaufmann, J AF Yuhr, Lynn Kaufmann, James TI Integrating science and engineering to solve Karst problems SO CARBONATES AND EVAPORITES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Yuhr, Lynn] Technos Inc, Miami, FL 33172 USA. [Kaufmann, James] US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO USA. RP Yuhr, L (reprint author), Technos Inc, Miami, FL 33172 USA. EM lynn@technos-inc.com; jkaufmann@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0891-2556 J9 CARBONATE EVAPORITE JI Carbonates Evaporites PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 95 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s13146-012-0111-8 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA 976MQ UT WOS:000306589300001 ER PT J AU Doctor, DH Doctor, KZ AF Doctor, Daniel H. Doctor, Katarina Z. TI Spatial analysis of geologic and hydrologic features relating to sinkhole occurrence in Jefferson County, West Virginia SO CARBONATES AND EVAPORITES LA English DT Article DE Sinkholes; Spatial statistics; Karst; West virginia AB In this study the influence of geologic features related to sinkhole susceptibility was analyzed and the results were mapped for the region of Jefferson County, West Virginia. A model of sinkhole density was constructed using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) that estimated the relations among discrete geologic or hydrologic features and sinkhole density at each sinkhole location. Nine conditioning factors on sinkhole occurrence were considered as independent variables: distance to faults, fold axes, fracture traces oriented along bedrock strike, fracture traces oriented across bedrock strike, ponds, streams, springs, quarries, and interpolated depth to groundwater. GWR model parameter estimates for each variable were evaluated for significance, and the results were mapped. The results provide visual insight into the influence of these variables on localized sinkhole density, and can be used to provide an objective means of weighting conditioning factors in models of sinkhole susceptibility or hazard risk. C1 [Doctor, Daniel H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Doctor, Katarina Z.] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Doctor, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dhdoctor@usgs.gov; kdoctor@gmu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0891-2556 J9 CARBONATE EVAPORITE JI Carbonates Evaporites PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s13146-012-0098-1 PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA 976MQ UT WOS:000306589300009 ER PT J AU Doherty, AL Bodnar, RJ De Vivo, B Bohrson, WA Belkin, HE Messina, A Tracy, RJ AF Doherty, Angela L. Bodnar, Robert J. De Vivo, Benedetto Bohrson, Wendy A. Belkin, Harvey E. Messina, Antonia Tracy, Robert J. TI Bulk rock composition and geochemistry of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the Grey Porri Tuff and selected lavas of the Monte dei Porri volcano, Salina, Aeolian Islands, southern Italy SO CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Salina; Aeolian Islands; melt inclusions; magmatic evolution ID CALC-ALKALINE; TYRRHENIAN SEA; GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION; ERUPTIVE DYNAMICS; PLUMBING SYSTEM; FEEDING SYSTEM; MAGMA STORAGE; ARC; ORIGIN; SUBDUCTION AB The Aeolian Islands are an arcuate chain of submarine seamounts and volcanic islands, lying just north of Sicily in southern Italy. The second largest of the islands, Salina, exhibits a wide range of compositional variation in its erupted products, from basaltic lavas to rhyolitic pumice. The Monte dei Porri eruptions occurred between 60 ka and 30 ka, following a period of approximately 60,000 years of repose. The bulk rock composition of the Monte dei Porri products range from basaltic- andesite scoria to andesitic pumice in the Grey Porri Tuff (GPT), with the Monte dei Porri lavas having basaltic- andesite compositions. The typical mineral assemblage of the GPT is calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene (augite), olivine (Fo(72-84)) and orthopyroxene (enstatite) +/- amphibole and Ti-Fe oxides. The lava units show a similar mineral assemblage, but contain lower Fo olivines (Fo(57-78)). The lava units also contain numerous glomerocrysts, including an unusual variety that contains quartz, K-feldspar and mica. Melt inclusions (MI) are ubiquitous in all mineral phases from all units of the Monte dei Porri eruptions; however, only data from olivine-hosted MI in the GPT are reported here. Compositions of MI in the GPT are typically basaltic (average SiO2 of 49.8 wt %) in the pumices and basaltic-andesite (average SiO2 of 55.6 wt %) in the scoriae and show a bimodal distribution in most compositional discrimination plots. The compositions of most of the MI in the scoriae overlap with bulk rock compositions of the lavas. Petrological and geochemical evidence suggest that mixing of one or more magmas and/or crustal assimilation played a role in the evolution of the Monte dei Porri magmatic system, especially the GPT. Analyses of the more evolved mineral phases are required to better constrain the evolution of the magma. C1 [Doherty, Angela L.; Messina, Antonia] Univ Messina, Dipartimento Sci Alimenti & Ambiente Prof G Stagn, Sez Sci Terra, I-98122 Messina, Italy. [Doherty, Angela L.; Bodnar, Robert J.; Tracy, Robert J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Fluids Res Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Doherty, Angela L.; De Vivo, Benedetto] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-80134 Naples, Italy. [Bohrson, Wendy A.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98929 USA. [Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Doherty, AL (reprint author), Univ Messina, Dipartimento Sci Alimenti & Ambiente Prof G Stagn, Sez Sci Terra, I-98122 Messina, Italy. EM doherty.angelal@gmail.com OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 FU Italian Ministry of Research and University (MUR) through the Universita degli Studi di Messina PhD programme "Turismo, territorio, e l'ambiente"; Universita degli Studi di Napoli (Federico II); National Science Foundation [EAR-1019770] FX Luca Fedele assisted in electron microprobe analysis of the tephras and MI at Virginia Tech. We are grateful to Frank Spera (University of California - Santa Barbara) and the graduate students of Central Washington University and the University of California - Santa Barbara for assistance during sample collection. Discussions with Prof. Paola Petrosino (Universita degli Studi di Napoli - Federico II), Dr. Rosario Esposito (Virginia Tech), Rita Klebesz (Universita degli Studi di Napoli - Federico II) and Dr. Juliane Gross (American Museum of Natural History) were very useful during the interpretation of these data. Funding was provided by the Italian Ministry of Research and University (MUR) through the Universita degli Studi di Messina PhD programme "Turismo, territorio, e l'ambiente" headed by Professor Antonia Messina. Additional funding was provided by Professor Benedetto De Vivo and the Universita degli Studi di Napoli (Federico II) and by National Science Foundation grant no. EAR-1019770 awarded to Robert Bodnar. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 2081-9900 J9 CENT EUR J GEOSCI JI Cent. Eur. J. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 338 EP 355 DI 10.2478/s13533-011-0066-7 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 985LI UT WOS:000307267400013 ER PT J AU Schuler, KL Green, DE Justice-Allen, AE Jaffe, R Cunningham, M Thomas, NJ Spalding, MG Ip, HS AF Schuler, Krysten L. Green, David E. Justice-Allen, Anne E. Jaffe, Rosemary Cunningham, Mark Thomas, Nancy J. Spalding, Marilyn G. Ip, Hon S. TI Expansion of an Exotic Species and Concomitant Disease Outbreaks: Pigeon Paramyxovirus in Free-Ranging Eurasian Collared Doves SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE pigeon paramyxovirus; Eurasian collared doves; Florida; Montana; exotic; Newcastle disease ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; DOMESTIC CHICKENS; VIRUS; TYPE-1; ORIGIN; WILD; PATHOGENESIS; VIRULENCE; PATHOLOGY AB Eurasian collared doves (Streptopelia decaocto) have expanded their range across the United States since their introduction several decades ago. Recent mortality events in Eurasian collared doves in Arizona and Montana, USA, during the winter of 2009-2010 were the result of pigeon paramyxovirus (PPMV), a novel disease agent. The first instance of mortality by this emerging infectious disease in this species occurred in Florida in 2001 with subsequent disease events in 2006 and 2008. Full diagnostic necropsies were performed on carcasses from the three states. PPMV was identified by RT-PCR and virus isolation and was sequenced to the VIb genotype of avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV). Other APMVs are common in a variety of free-ranging birds, but concern is warranted because of the potential for commingling of this species with native birds, virus evolution, and threats to domestic poultry. Improved surveillance for wildlife mortality events and efforts to prevent introduction of non-native animals could reduce the threat of introducing new pathogens. C1 [Schuler, Krysten L.; Green, David E.; Thomas, Nancy J.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Justice-Allen, Anne E.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Jaffe, Rosemary] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Cunningham, Mark] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Spalding, Marilyn G.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schuler, Krysten L.] Cornell Univ, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schuler, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM ks833@cornell.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD JUN PY 2012 VL 9 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10393-012-0758-6 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 987GV UT WOS:000307406100007 PM 22476688 ER PT J AU Toda, S Stein, RS Beroza, GC Marsan, D AF Toda, Shinji Stein, Ross S. Beroza, Gregory C. Marsan, David TI Aftershocks halted by static stress shadows SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEISMICITY; HYPOCENTER; INVERSION; SLIP AB Earthquakes impart static and dynamic stress changes to the surrounding crust. Sudden fault slip causes small but permanent-static-stress changes, and passing seismic waves cause large, but brief and oscillatory-dynamic-stress changes. Because both static and dynamic stresses can trigger earthquakes within several rupture dimensions of a mainshock, it has proven difficult to disentangle their contributions to the triggering process(1-3). However, only dynamic stress can trigger earthquakes far from the source(4,5), and only static stress can create stress shadows, where the stress and thus the seismicity rate in the shadow area drops following an earthquake(6-9). Here we calculate the stress imparted by the magnitude 6.1 Joshua Tree and nearby magnitude 7.3 Landers earthquakes that occurred in California in April and June 1992, respectively, and measure seismicity through time. We show that, where the aftershock zone of the first earthquake was subjected to a static stress increase from the second, the seismicity rate jumped. In contrast, where the aftershock zone of the first earthquake fell under the stress shadow of the second and static stress dropped, seismicity shut down. The arrest of seismicity implies that static stress is a requisite element of spatial clustering of large earthquakes and should be a constituent of hazard assessment. C1 [Toda, Shinji] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beroza, Gregory C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Marsan, David] Univ Savoie, ISTerre, CNRS, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. RP Toda, S (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM toda@rcep.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 6 BP 410 EP 413 DI 10.1038/NGEO1465 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 982XW UT WOS:000307079700017 ER PT J AU Gandy, DA Rehage, JS Munyon, JW Gestring, KB Galvez, JI AF Gandy, David A. Rehage, Jennifer S. Munyon, Jay W. Gestring, Kelly B. Galvez, John I. TI Canals as Vectors for Fish Movement: Potential Southward Range Expansion of Lepisosteus osseus L. (Longnose Gar) in South Florida SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DISTURBANCE; EVERGLADES; PATTERNS; NET AB Lepisosteus osseus (Longnose Gar) is a large-bodied predator, whose Florida distribution remains unclear at the southern edge of its range. We reviewed available literature and museum voucher specimens to provide a more accurate range description, and we discuss recent collections in south Florida. Longnose Gar has not been previously reported in natural habitats south of Lake Okeechobee. Instead, records south of the lake are from canals, and most are recent (since 2000), including our own southernmost 2011 record. No records from Everglades natural habitats have been collected. Previous studies have shown native range expansions in anthropogenically disturbed landscapes. We suggest that the Longnose Gar is expanding its range southward in Florida using canals as dispersal vectors and/or suitable habitat. C1 [Gandy, David A.; Rehage, Jennifer S.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Earth & Environm Dept, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Munyon, Jay W.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Gestring, Kelly B.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Nonnat Fish Lab, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Galvez, John I.] Peninsular Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. RP Gandy, DA (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Earth & Environm Dept, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM dgand001@fiu.edu FU National Park Service's Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (CESI) [J5298-10-011] FX We thank A. Brown at the USFWS Welaka National Fish Hatchery for the identification of five specimens. We thank R. H. Robins, Florida Museum of Natural History, and J. Herrera, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission for providing voucher collection records. We thank collaborators with the National Park Service, particularly J. Kline. We thank R. Boucek, C. Henry, M. Anderson, and numerous volunteers and interns for field assistance, as well as S. Lee and B. Feger for their valuable comments on earlier versions of this paper. This project was funded by the National Park Service's Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (CESI; project # J5298-10-011), and developed in collaboration with the Florida Coastal Everglades LTER program under NSF DEB-0520409. This is contribution # 555 of the Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 2 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1656/058.011.0207 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 982AD UT WOS:000307013200008 ER PT J AU Wei, SJ Graves, R Helmberger, D Avouac, JP Jiang, JL AF Wei, Shengji Graves, Robert Helmberger, Don Avouac, Jean-Philippe Jiang, Junle TI Sources of shaking and flooding during the Tohoku-Oki earthquake: A mixture of rupture styles SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Tohoku-Oki earthquake; finite fault; strong motion; tsunami; high-rate GPS ID M-W 9.0; NIAS-SIMEULUE EARTHQUAKE; PACIFIC COAST; GEODETIC DATA; JAPAN TRENCH; SOURCE MODEL; INVERSION; DISPLACEMENT; MEGATHRUST; MECHANISM AB Modeling strong ground motions from great subduction zone earthquakes is one of the great challenges of computational seismology. To separate the rupture characteristics from complexities caused by 3D sub-surface geology requires an extraordinary data set such as provided by the recent Mw9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Here we combine deterministic inversion and dynamically guided forward simulation methods to model over one thousand high-rate GPS and strong motion observations from 0 to 0.25 Hz across the entire Honshu Island. Our results display distinct styles of rupture with a deeper generic interplate event (similar to Mw8.5) transitioning to a shallow tsunamigenic earthquake (similar to Mw9.0) at about 25 km depth in a process driven by a strong dynamic weakening mechanism, possibly thermal pressurization. This source model predicts many important features of the broad set of seismic, geodetic and seafloor observations providing a major advance in our understanding of such great natural hazards. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wei, Shengji; Helmberger, Don; Avouac, Jean-Philippe; Jiang, Junle] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Graves, Robert] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Wei, SJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM shjwei@caltech.edu RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013; Avouac, Jean-Philippe/B-5699-2015; Wei, Shengji/M-2137-2015; OI Avouac, Jean-Philippe/0000-0002-3060-8442; Wei, Shengji/0000-0002-0319-0714; Jiang, Junle/0000-0002-8796-5846 FU NSF [EAR-1142020]; USGS [G10AP00048, G09AC00150] FX This research was supported by NSF Grant EAR-1142020 and USGS Award G10AP00048. Shengji Wei is supported in part under USGS Cooperative Agreement G09AC00150. Some of the large-scale 3D finite difference simulations were run at the University of Southern California's Center for High Performance Computing and Communications (http://www.usc.edu/hpcc) under an agreement with the SCEC Community Modeling Environment project. The high-rate GPS data, generously made available by C. Rocken of GPS Solutions, Inc. originated with efforts by GSI, NGDS, Hitz, GPSS and VERIPOS. Processed GPS time series are provided through the Caltech ARIA project. Strong motion waveforms were obtained from K-Net and KiK-Net of NIED. The Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) were used for creating the figures. We thank Morgan Page and Kenneth Hudnut for their comments. NR 56 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 333 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.006 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 980HK UT WOS:000306884000010 ER PT J AU Refsnider, JM Strickland, J Janzen, FJ AF Refsnider, Jeanine M. Strickland, Jeramie Janzen, Fredric J. TI Home Range and Site Fidelity of Imperiled Ornate Box Turtles (Terrapene ornata) in Northwestern Illinois SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Emydidae; fixed kernel; habitat use; Illinois; minimum convex polygon; overwintering; radiotelemetry; sand prairie; Terrapene ornata ID GENE FLOW; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; TRANSLOCATION; AMPHIBIANS; REPTILES; STRATEGY; IOWA AB The destruction of prairies has led to the decline of the ornate box turtle (Terrapene ornate) across much of its range. Land management agencies are considering translocation programs to restore populations to areas from which they have been extirpated. For these conservation efforts to be successful, long-term posttranslocation monitoring is necessary to ensure that translocated individuals behave and use habitat similarly to unmanipulated individuals. We conducted a 3-yr radiotelemetry study of a potential source population of ornate box turtles to provide baseline data on home range size and site fidelity pretranslocation. Adult males and females did not differ in minimum convex polygon home range size (mean 4.0 ha), 95% fixed kernel home ranges (mean 2.6 ha), or 50% fixed kernel home ranges (mean 0.4 ha). Both sexes showed high site fidelity to annual home ranges and to previously used overwintering sites, although distance between subsequent overwintering sites was less for females than for males. At our study site, ornate box turtles have relatively small home ranges and exhibit strong site fidelity. Translocation programs for this species should closely monitor movements of translocated individuals to assess whether they are successfully establishing new home ranges or attempting to return to their site of origin. Moreover, the high site fidelity exhibited by this species suggests that newly translocated individuals may be at increased mortality risk because they are unfamiliar with suitable overwintering and/or nesting sites in their new location. The results of our study will be used to ensure that sites to which animals are translocated are comparable to the site of origin in terms of home range size requirements and important habitat features. In addition, our data serve as a critical baseline to which the habitat use and movement patterns of monitored animals posttranslocation can be directly compared to assess the success of the translocation. C1 [Refsnider, Jeanine M.; Janzen, Fredric J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Strickland, Jeramie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi Natl Wildlife Refuge, Thomson, IL 61285 USA. RP Refsnider, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM refsnij@iastate.edu FU Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife Fish Refuge; NSF [DEB-0640932] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife & Fish Refuge and NSF DEB-0640932 and supplements (to FJJ). Research was conducted in accordance with Illinois Department of Natural Resources permits 04-9S and NH10.0073, and Iowa State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol 3-09-6705-J. The authors thank B. Davison, J. Kilburg, T. Radzio, I. Tapia, C. Tucker, the 2008-2010 Turtle Camp research crews, and student members of the Turtle Camp Research and Education in Ecology Program for field assistance and K. Kusimba, T. Morhardt, and M. Ogle for many hours of data entry. N. Bernstein, E. Britton, H. Streby, the Janzen Lab Group, and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments to improve the manuscript. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 40 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 975HF UT WOS:000306500600009 ER PT J AU Rainwater, TR Pop, T Cal, O Garel, A Platt, SG Hudson, R AF Rainwater, Thomas R. Pop, Thomas Cal, Octavio Garel, Anthony Platt, Steven G. Hudson, Rick TI A Recent Countrywide Status Survey of the Critically Endangered Central American River Turtle (Dermatemys mawii) in Belize SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Dermatemydidae; Dermatemys mawii; Central American river turtle; conservation; exploitation; Belize ID MORELETS CROCODILE; NORTHERN BELIZE; CONSERVATION; POPULATION AB The Central American river turtle (Dermatemys mawii) is a large Critically Endangered freshwater turtle historically found in the coastal lowlands of southern Mexico, northern Guatemala, and Belize. Due to years of intense harvesting for its meat, D. mawii has been virtually eliminated from much of its former range in southern Mexico, while its status in Guatemala remains unclear. During April and May 2010, we conducted a countrywide survey in Belize to assess the current conservation status fa mawii in what is believed to be its last stronghold. We surveyed approximately 30 localities from deep southern to extreme northern Belize, including 17 areas previously surveyed during the early 1980s and 1990s. Results indicate D. mawii is heavily depleted in most of Belize, but healthy populations remain in a few remote areas (including multiple, previously unsurveyed localities in southern Belize), especially those receiving some level of protection. While this mirrors the trend observed in previous surveys, the current findings are of particular concern because the number of localities where turtles were observed and the number of turtles observed at these localities were both much reduced compared to earlier surveys. Large turtles (reproductive adults) continue to be targeted during harvests, significantly reducing the most demographically important segment of the population. Further, interviews with fishermen and hunters indicate that laws and regulations enacted for the protection of D. mawii are largely ignored by locals, as broad-scale enforcement is difficult or impossible to achieve. In this paper, we discuss survey results in the context of previous investigations, describe levels and sources of exploitation, and provide conservation recommendations. C1 [Rainwater, Thomas R.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Pop, Thomas] Belize Fdn lor Res & Environm Educ BFREE, Punta Gorda, Belize. [Cal, Octavio] Yaaxche Conservat Trust, Punta Gorda, Belize. [Platt, Steven G.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Hudson, Rick] Turtle Survival Alliance, Ft Worth, TX 76110 USA. RP Rainwater, TR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, 176 Croghan Spur Rd,Suite 200, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM trrainwater@gmail.com; jungletom24@yahoo.com; octavio.cal@yaaxche.org; vivarium@btl.net; sgplatt@gmail.com; RHudson@fortworthzoo.org FU Oceanic Society Expeditions, Belize; Toledo Institute for Development and Environment (TIDE), Belize; Belize Audubon Society, Belize; Sarstoon Temash Institute for Indigenous Management (SATIIM), Belize; Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education (BFREE), Belize; Belize Forest Department, Belize; Lamanai Outpost Lodge, Belize; Ya'axche Conservation Trust, Belize; Belize Zoo, Belize; Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA); Turtle Conservation Fund (TCF); Mohamed bin Zayed Endangered Species Conservation Fund; Delta Foundation; Black Rock Lodge, Belize; Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuary, Belize FX We thank George Myvett, James Azueta, Rigoberto Quintana, and the Belize Fisheries Department for support and permission to conduct D. mawii surveys in Belize. John Polisar and Richard Vogt provided helpful advice regarding survey methodology. We also wish to thank the following groups and individuals in Belize for their support during this project: Alton Jeffords and Oceanic Society Expeditions, Benjamin Cruz, Bill Hasse, Bruce and Carolyn Miller, Karl Tillett, Celia Mahung, Elmar Requena, Santiago Cucul, Luis Ishim, Chris Hamley, and the Toledo Institute for Development and Environment (TIDE), Chrissie and Anita Tupper (Cheers Restaurant), Clifton and Nancy Bailey (Manatee Lodge), Derrick Hendy and the Belize Audubon Society, Dion Andrews, Doyle Forman, Egbert Valencio, Thomas Ishim, Narco Nakin, and the Sarstoon Temash Institute for Indigenous Management (SATIIM), Eddie Romero (Programme for Belize), Elma Kay (Environmental Research Institute, University of Belize), Frank Mazzotti, Geraldine and Lionel Fermin (Community Baboon Sanctuary), Giovanni Fernandez and Black Rock Lodge, Graham Sampson, Isabelle Paquet-Durand (Galen University), Jacob Marlin and the Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education (BFREE), Jan Meerman, Jerry Larder and Nikki Buxton (Belize Bird Rescue), Kevin Andrewin, Lewis Medlock, Lloyd and Walter Cassosola, Leonard Myers, Marcelo Windsor, Andre Lopez, Rasheda Sampson, and the Belize Forest Department, Marga Miller, Anna Zabrowksi, and Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuary, Mark Howells, Ruben Arevalo, and Lamanai Outpost Lodge, Nick Wicks, Ginny Fuhs, Lee McLoughlin, and Ya'axche Conservation Trust, Paul Walker (Wildtracks), Percy Flowers, Jr., Reynaldo and Sergio Gorosica, Richard and Carol Foster, Robin Brockett, Sharon Matola and the Belize Zoo, Steve Lawson, Steve Usrey, Tamara Sniffin (San Pedro Sun), Udell Forman, and Vince and Cherie Rose (American Crocodile Education Sanctuary [ACES]). Richard Vogt and Don Moll provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Finally, we are grateful to the Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA), Turtle Conservation Fund (TCF), the Mohamed bin Zayed Endangered Species Conservation Fund, and the Delta Foundation for generously providing financial support for this project. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Bruce Cullerton (1963-2010), friend and collaborator in our turtle (particularly D. mawii) and crocodile research in Belize since 1992. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 97 EP 107 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 975HF UT WOS:000306500600012 ER PT J AU Van Houtan, KS Kittinger, JN Lawrence, AL Yoshinaga, C Born, VR Fox, A AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. Kittinger, John N. Lawrence, Amanda L. Yoshinaga, Chad Born, V. Ray Fox, Adam TI Hawksbill Sea Turtles in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE; ECOSYSTEMS; ABUNDANCE; IMPACTS; DECLINE; STATES; REEFS AB This study reports observations of Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, a remote and protected expanse of coral atolls considered outside the species range. Since no direct monitoring efforts exist, we synthesized records from historical accounts, opportunistic sightings, and internet crowdsourcing. We found 6 definitive hawksbill observations and 3 additional potential nesting records, documenting that hawksbills currently reside in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and suggesting that they occurred there in greater numbers historically. C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.; Lawrence, Amanda L.; Yoshinaga, Chad] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kittinger, John N.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Born, V. Ray] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Fox, Adam] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kyle.vanhoutan@gmail.com OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 FU PIFSC FX S. Pimm, T. Jones, J. Seminoff, K. Maison, I. Kelly; W. Seitz, F. Parrish, C. King, S. Hargrove, and 3 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. S. Loarie and K. Ueda direct the iNaturalist web database and advised development of the crowdsourcing project. A. Lawrence was supported through a fellowship with the PIFSC Summer Internship Program. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 29 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 975HF UT WOS:000306500600014 ER PT J AU Deviney, FA Brown, DE Rice, KC AF Deviney, F. A., Jr. Brown, D. E. Rice, K. C. TI Evaluation of Bayesian Estimation of a Hidden Continuous-Time Markov Chain Model with Application to Threshold Violation in Water-Quality Indicators SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian MCMC methods; CTMC; Shenandoah National Park; threshold violation; water quality; hidden processes ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SERIES MODELS; VIRGINIA; ALUMINUM AB Natural resource managers require information concerning the frequency, duration, and long-term probability of occurrence of water-quality indicator (WQ1) violations of defined thresholds. The timing of these threshold crossings often is hidden from the observer, who is restricted to relatively infrequent observations. Here, a model for the hidden process is linked with a model for the observations, and the parameters describing duration, return period, and long-term probability of occurrence are estimated using Bayesian methods. A simulation experiment is performed to evaluate the approach under scenarios based on the equivalent of a total monitoring period of 5-30 years and an observation frequency of 1-50 observations per year. Given constant threshold crossing rate, accuracy and precision of parameter estimates increased with longer total monitoring period and more-frequent observations. Given fixed monitoring period and observation frequency, accuracy and precision of parameter estimates increased with longer times between threshold crossings. For most cases where the long-term probability of being in violation is greater than 0.10, it was determined that at least 600 observations are needed to achieve precise estimates. An application of the approach is presented using 22 years of quasi-weekly observations of acid-neutralizing capacity from Deep Run, a stream in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. The time series also was sub-sampled to simulate monthly and semi-monthly sampling protocols. Estimates of the long-term probability of violation were unbiased despite sampling frequency; however, the expected duration and return period were over-estimated using the sub-sampled time series with respect to the full quasi-weekly time series. C1 [Deviney, F. A., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Brown, D. E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Syst & Informat Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Rice, K. C.] US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Deviney, FA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM deviney@virginia.edu RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 26 PU INT SOC ENVIRON INFORM SCI PI REGINA PA 4246 ALBERT ST, REGINA, SASKATCHEWAN S4S 3R9, CANADA SN 1726-2135 J9 J ENVIRON INFORM JI J. Environ. Inform. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 19 IS 2 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.3808/jei.201200210 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 974RT UT WOS:000306454800002 ER PT J AU Panek, FM Weis, JS AF Panek, Frank M. Weis, Judith S. TI Age, Growth, and Reproduction of the Eastern Mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea) at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ACID-TOLERANT FISH; DEKAY; LIMI; SUNFISH; RIVER AB Umbra pygmaea DeKay (Eastern Mudminnow) is one of four species of Umbridae in North America. There is little published life-history information on the species within its native range, particularly on age, growth, and reproduction. This study focuses on these aspects of the life history of this fish at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge in Morris County, NJ. A total of 336 fish of seven species was collected from June 1978 through May 1979, with the Eastern Mudminnow comprising 74% of the total. The average annual growth increment in total length for the Eastern Mudminnow was 15.3 +/- 2.06 mm, with age-1 fish averaging 40 mm total length and age-5 fish, the oldest collected, averaging 107 mm total length. The length-weight relationship was log(10)W = -5.291 + 3.182 log(10)TL mm for males and log(10)W = -4.999 + 3.032 log(10)TL mm for females. We observed no statistically significant sexually dimorphic differences in length-weight relationships in this population. The ratio of females to males increased from a low of 0.6 (predominance of male fish) at age-1 to a high of 4.6 ( predominance of females) at age-5. Annual mortality for age 2-5 fish ranged from 40-76% with a mean of 59 +/- 13%. Age-specific fecundity estimates ranged from 250 eggs/female at age-1 to 2168 eggs/female at age-5. The relationship of number of mature ova to age was best described by the exponential function y = 149.29e(0.5287x), where y = age-specific fecundity and x = age in years. Ova ranged from 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter in June and July and averaged 1.41 +/- 0.1 mm (range = 1.29-1.62 mm) in early February prior to spawning. Peak spawning occurred in mid-April at temperatures of 9-12 degrees C, and all females were spent by late April (13-15 degrees C). C1 [Panek, Frank M.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Weis, Judith S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Panek, FM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM fpanek@usgs.gov FU Sigma Xi - The Scientific Research Society FX Sincere appreciation is expressed to the late Dr. James D. Anderson for his support and guidance during the early stages of this work and to Claire E. Ryan (Panek) for her support in the field work. The cooperation of the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the staff at the Great Swamp NWR is greatly appreciated. We also thank the editor and several reviewers for their helpful comments on manuscript drafts. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid of Research from Sigma Xi - The Scientific Research Society. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD JUN PY 2012 VL 19 IS 2 BP 217 EP 228 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 975NC UT WOS:000306517000006 ER PT J AU Koski, RA AF Koski, Randolph A. TI Metal Dispersion Resulting from Mining Activities in Coastal Environments: A Pathways Approach SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COPPER MINE TAILINGS; IBERIAN PYRITE BELT; NORTHERN CHILE; EXPOSURE CONCENTRATION; INVERSE RELATIONSHIP; MARINDUQUE ISLAND; CONTAMINANT LOAD; SOUTHERN SPAIN; ATACAMA REGION; WEST GREENLAND AB Acid rock drainage (ARD) and disposal of tailings that result from mining activities impact coastal areas in many countries. The dispersion of metals from mine sites that are both proximal and distal to the shoreline can be examined using a pathways approach in which physical and chemical processes guide metal transport in the continuum from sources (sulfide minerals) to bioreceptors (marine biota). Large amounts of metals can be physically transported to the coastal environment by intentional or accidental release of sulfide-bearing mine tailings. Oxidation of sulfide minerals results in elevated dissolved metal concentrations in surface waters on land (producing ARD) and in pore waters of submarine tailings. Changes in pH, adsorption by insoluble secondary minerals (e.g., Fe oxyhydroxides), and precipitation of soluble salts (e.g., sulfates) affect dissolved metal fluxes. Evidence for bioaccumulation includes anomalous metal concentrations in bivalves and reef corals, and overlapping Pb isotope ratios for sulfides, shellfish, and seaweed in contaminated environments. Although bioavailability and potential toxicity are, to a large extent, functions of metal speciation, specific uptake pathways, such as adsorption from solution and ingestion of particles, also play important roles. Recent emphasis on broader ecological impacts has led to complementary methodologies involving laboratory toxicity tests and field studies of species richness and diversity. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Koski, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rkoski@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 170 EP 183 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970WD UT WOS:000306162100021 ER PT J AU Schumann, D Hartman, H Eberl, DD Sears, SK Hesse, R Vali, H AF Schumann, Dirk Hartman, Hyman Eberl, Dennis D. Sears, S. Kelly Hesse, Reinhard Vali, Hojatollah TI Formation of Replicating Saponite from a Gel in the Presence of Oxalate: Implications for the Formation of Clay Minerals in Carbonaceous Chondrites and the Origin of Life SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saponite; 2:1 layer silicates; Origin of life; Silicate-organics interactions; Oxalate as a catalyst; Crystallization of saponite from silica gel ID METEORITE PARENT BODIES; 2-1 LAYER SILICATES; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; MURCHISON METEORITE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; RNA OLIGOMERS; MONTMORILLONITE; PHYLLOSILICATES; CONSTRAINTS AB The potential role of clay minerals in the abiotic origin of life has been the subject of ongoing debate for the past several decades. At issue are the clay minerals found in a class of meteorites known as carbonaceous chondrites. These clay minerals are the product of aqueous alteration of anhydrous mineral phases, such as olivine and orthopyroxene, that are often present in the chondrules. Moreover, there is a strong correlation in the occurrence of clay minerals and the presence of polar organic molecules. It has been shown in laboratory experiments at low temperature and ambient pressure that polar organic molecules, such as the oxalate found in meteorites, can catalyze the crystallization of clay minerals. In this study, we show that oxalate is a robust catalyst in the crystallization of saponite, an Al- and Mg-rich, trioctahedral 2:1 layer silicate, from a silicate gel at 60 degrees C and ambient pressure. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis of the saponite treated with octadecylammonium (n(C) = 18) cations revealed the presence of 2:1 layer structures that have variable interlayer charge. The crystallization of these differently charged 2:1 layer silicates most likely occurred independently. The fact that 2:1 layer silicates with variable charge formed in the same gel has implications for our understanding of the origin of life, as these 2:1 clay minerals most likely replicate by a mechanism of template-catalyzed polymerization and transmit the charge distribution from layer to layer. If polar organic molecules like oxalate can catalyze the formation of clay-mineral crystals, which in turn promote clay microenvironments and provide abundant adsorption sites for other organic molecules present in solution, the interaction among these adsorbed molecules could lead to the polymerization of more complex organic molecules like RNA from nucleotides on early Earth. C1 [Sears, S. Kelly; Vali, Hojatollah] McGill Univ, Facil Elect Microscopy Res, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C7, Canada. [Schumann, Dirk; Hesse, Reinhard; Vali, Hojatollah] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Hartman, Hyman] MIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Eberl, Dennis D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Vali, H (reprint author), McGill Univ, Facil Elect Microscopy Res, 3640 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C7, Canada. EM hojatollah.vali@mcgill.ca RI Vali, Hojatollah/F-3511-2012; Sears, Stephen Kelly/F-3522-2012 OI Vali, Hojatollah/0000-0003-3464-9943; FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies FX C.G. Whitney is gratefully acknowledged for providing the synthetic silica gel, and Jeannie Mui and Lee Ann Monaghan of the Facility for Electron Microscopy Research are thanked for the preparation of ultrathin sections used in the HRTEM analysis. The authors wish to acknowledge the reviewers' constructive recommendations and in-depth reviews, which have greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (H.V. and R.H.) and the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies to the Centre for Biorecognition and Biosensors (H.V.). NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 33 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 549 EP 561 DI 10.1089/ast.2011.0635 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 973QC UT WOS:000306373900003 PM 22794298 ER PT J AU Moffitt, CM James, CA AF Moffitt, Christine M. James, Christopher A. TI Dynamics of Potamopyrgus antipodarum infestations and seasonal water temperatures in a heavily used recreational watershed in intermountain North America SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE New Zealand mudsnail; invasive species management; alien species; habitat requirements; thermal limits; Silver Creek ID NEW-ZEALAND MUDSNAILS; MUD SNAILS HYDROBIIDAE; RAINBOW-TROUT; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SILVER-CREEK; SURVIVAL; STREAM; RIVER; LAKE; PATHWAYS AB Following the discovery of New Zealand mudsnails, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, in the Silver Creek watershed in Idaho, we investigated the distribution and dynamics of the snail populations over two years in field surveys. Despite extensive fishing and recreational activities in the watershed, the infestations appeared limited in extent. As with other published studies, densities of P. antipodarum were highest during summer months, but the distribution in Silver Creek was patchy. We found that near-to-below freezing winter water temperatures in localized reaches of the watershed were related to reduced populations or lack of detection. Distributions observed in winter were associated with regions of groundwater releases, or downstream of impoundments that dampened the temperature extremes observed in locations elsewhere in the watershed. We speculate that the population has remained restricted because thermal conditions are not conducive to year-round survival and growth. However, these relationships could be altered with watershed alterations or global climate change. C1 [Moffitt, Christine M.; James, Christopher A.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [James, Christopher A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, John Day, OR USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu; chris.a.james@state.or.us FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game; The Nature Conservancy of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this research was provided by Idaho Department of Fish and Game, The Nature Conservancy of Idaho, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank D. Megargle, and B. Dredge of Idaho Department of Fish and Game; K. Pratt, T. Klahr and staff at The Nature Conservancy for in-kind assistance. Field and laboratory assistance was provided by the following students and staff of the University of Idaho. C. Rohrbacher, R. Record, J. Gable, Z. Lockyer, G. Madel, E. Stancik, J. Flowers, C. Smith, L. Johnstone, C. Capaul and B. Sun. We thank J. "Ding" Johnson, S. Hampton, C. Williams, K. Steinhorst, and C. Brewer for assistance with sampling, statistical analysis and map making. S. Grunder, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and D. Richards, EcoAnalysts Inc., provided critical reviews of the manuscript. We are grateful to anonymous reviewers of earlier drafts of this manuscript for help improve clarity and usefulness of our data. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 24 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD JUN PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.3391/ai.2012.7.2.005 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 972LL UT WOS:000306278500005 ER PT J AU Martinez, PJ AF Martinez, Patrick J. TI Invasive crayfish in a high desert river: Implications of concurrent invaders and climate change SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Orconectes virilis; Upper Colorado River Basin; quadrat sampler; Micropterus dolomieu; hyperpredation; drought; climate change ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ADULT SMALLMOUTH BASS; ORCONECTES-VIRILIS; COLORADO RIVER; PROCAMBARUS-CLARKII; INTRODUCED CRAYFISH; PACIFASTACUS-LENIUSCULUS; SPECIES REPLACEMENTS; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AB No crayfish species are native to the Colorado River Basin (CRB), including the portion of the state of Colorado west of the Continental Divide. Virile crayfish [Orconectes virilis (Hagen, 1870)], a recent invader in the middle Yampa River in northwestern Colorado, displayed an abrupt increase in abundance in the early 2000s, which coincided with a drought, a severe decline in the abundance of small-bodied and juvenile native fishes, and a dramatic increase in the abundance of nonnative smallmouth bass [Micropterus dolomieu (Lacepede, 1802)]. The annual density of virile crayfish was 6.4/m(2) in 2005 and 9.3/m(2) in 2006. The annual biomass density of virile crayfish was 9.0g/m(2) in 2005 and 15.8 g/m(2) in 2006, representing a riverwide biomass of 122 kg/ha, which equaled that of other macroinvertebrates and fish combined (120.7 kg/ha). Efforts to recover and preserve native fishes in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), particularly in the Yampa River, have been hampered by nonnative predatory fishes, but the implications of crayfish may have been overlooked and underestimated. Stream conditions during the drought apparently facilitated proliferation by virile crayfish in the middle Yampa River, likely contributing to hyperpredation on native fishes by invasive smallmouth bass. This trophic interaction between virile crayfish and smallmouth bass, in conjunction with regional projections for climate change, will likely make efforts to reduce the abundance and negative ecological impact of smallmouth bass in this ecosystem more difficult and costly. Given the nonnative status of all crayfishes in the CRB, and their invasive capacity and potential to negatively reconfigure native lotic food webs, all states in the UCRB should prohibit the importation, movement, sale, possession and stocking of any live crayfish. C1 [Martinez, Patrick J.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Grand Junction, CO 81505 USA. RP Martinez, PJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 764 Horizon Dr,Bldg B, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. EM patrick_martinez@fws.gov FU Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW); Great Outdoors Colorado FX This study was funded by the Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW) and Great Outdoors Colorado. Maria Ellis, Spring Rivers Ecological Sciences, provided insight into strategies and equipment for sampling crayfish in medium sized streams. Michael Carillo, Kellen Keisling, Ellen Hamann, and Mario Sullivan (CDOW) assisted with fabrication of sampling gear, crayfish collections, or data management. Paul Lukacs (CDOW) and Brett Johnson, Colorado State University, provided statistical assistance. An earlier version of the manuscript benefitted from comments by Anita Martinez (CDOW) and Brett Johnson. Three anonymous reviewers provided critiques and advice that improved the manuscript. NR 135 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 37 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD JUN PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.3391/ai.2012.7.2.008 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 972LL UT WOS:000306278500008 ER PT J AU Sorenson, KL Bollens, SM Counihan, T AF Sorenson, Keith L. Bollens, Stephen M. Counihan, Tim TI Rapid range expansion of rusty crayfish Orconectes rusticus (Girard, 1852) in the John Day River, Oregon, USA SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE rusty crayfish; distribution survey; Columbia River basin ID CONSERVATION STATUS; UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM; PATTERNS; DISPLACEMENT; MACROPHYTES; DISPERSAL; MOVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; CANADA AB The rusty crayfish, Orconectes rusticus (Girard, 1852), native to the eastern U.S., was discovered west of the Rocky Mountains in the John Day River in Oregon in 2005. In the five years since then, the known range of Orconectes rusticus has more than doubled to 145 river km along the mainstem of the river and populations have achieved high densities in several locations. To arrive at this estimate, the present study employed commercial crayfish traps, D-frame kick nets, and snorkel surveys to assess crayfish communities in the upper John Day basin. Natural dispersal, multiple introductions, a more thorough survey of the study area, or a combination of these factors could account for the expansion of the known distribution O. rusticus within the basin. The limit of O. rusticus expansion in the John Day River and broader Columbia River Basin, and the likely consequences for invaded ecosystems remain to be resolved. C1 [Sorenson, Keith L.; Bollens, Stephen M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Counihan, Tim] US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Sorenson, KL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM keith.sorenson@email.wsu.edu; sbollens@vancouver.wsu.edu; tcounihan@usgs.gov FU USGS [G09AC00264] FX We thank the USGS Columbia River Research Lab for equipment and logistical support; Julian Olden and Eric Larson for providing GPS coordinates of rusty crayfish occurrence; Carl Wepking, Josh Emerson, Joanne Breckenridge, Tyler Hicks, Rhiannon Thomas, Steve Sorenson, and Jennifer Dean for field assistance; and Eric Larson and two anonymous reviewers for reviews of this manuscript. Financial support was provided by USGS grant #G09AC00264 to S. Bollens. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD JUN PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.3391/ai.2012.7.2.017 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 972LL UT WOS:000306278500017 ER PT J AU Jing, YL Zeng, YH Lin, G Chen, GD Li, JB AF Jing Yue-Ling Zeng Yuehua Lin Gao Chen Genda Li Jian-Bo TI The effect of multiple anisotropic scattering pattern on S wave energy density envelope SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE Multiple anisotropic scattering; S wave energy density envelope; Directional scattering coefficient; Envelope broadening; Coda wave; Common decay; Energy transport theory ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER THEORY; LG CODA ATTENUATION; ISOTROPIC SCATTERING; NONISOTROPIC SCATTERING; INTRINSIC ATTENUATION; LOCAL EARTHQUAKES; TRANSPORT THEORY; NORTH CHINA; MODEL; FORMULATION AB Based on the multiple anisotropic scattering theory, we reevaluate the spherical harmonic series expansion of directional scattering coefficient. A characteristic source time is introduced to define the initial impulse width of energy density at the source. We use an analytical expression of the initial spectral energy intensity in the integral equation of seismic wave energy density at any given frequency. The modified integral equation is solved by a discrete wave number method. Based on this solution, we investigate the effect of scattering pattern on S wave energy density envelope. And the numerical simulation shows that after the S arrival time the difference of the energy density envelope between the multiple anisotropic scattering pattern and the isotropic scattering pattern increases with distances. Using forward anisotropic scattering pattern, we successfully reproduce the common decay of the seismic coda wave energy density envelopes at different hypocentral distances. For the same pattern, the S wave energy density envelope broadens with increasing hypocentral distance. Finally, we verify the forward anisotropic scattering pattern with the observation from the aftershock of the 2008 Wells, Nevada earthquake in USA. C1 [Jing Yue-Ling; Lin Gao; Li Jian-Bo] Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Coastal & Offshore Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. [Jing Yue-Ling; Lin Gao; Li Jian-Bo] Dalian Univ Technol, Earthquake Engn Res Div, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Zeng Yuehua] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Jing Yue-Ling; Chen Genda] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Jing, YL (reprint author), Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Coastal & Offshore Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. EM yuelingjing@gmail.com NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0001-5733 J9 CHINESE J GEOPHYS-CH JI Chinese J. Geophys.-Chinese Ed. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1993 EP 2003 DI 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.06.021 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 970VC UT WOS:000306159400021 ER PT J AU Anderson, RE Berger, BR Miggins, D AF Anderson, R. Ernest Berger, Byron R. Miggins, Dan TI Timing, magnitude, and style of Miocene deformation, west-central Walker Lane belt, Nevada SO LITHOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; YERINGTON DISTRICT; WHITE MOUNTAINS; RANGE PROVINCE; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-BASIN; MOTION; BLOCK AB The timing, magnitude, style, and kinematics of deformation in the Eastern California shear zone and Walker Lane belt are important in defining interactions between shear-dominated plate-boundary tectonics and extension-dominated plate-interior tectonics. Geologic studies of middle Miocene strata in a 50-km-long north-south belt along the west margin of the Wassuk Range, west-central Walker Lane belt, reveal a pattern of folding on subhorizontal axes associated with displacements on convex-upward faults, a pattern that greatly reduces estimates of extension. We report an array of previously unrecognized shortening structures, including east-west folds, reverse faults, and steep-axis folds that formed at high angle to, and synchronous with, regional extension in the Coal Valley portion of the Walker Lane belt west of the Wassuk Range. We also report new radiometric age data and field relationships that support a reinterpretation of the history, magnitude, and distribution of extensional deformation. Instead of extreme (150%-200%) extension at 15-13 Ma, the new data support moderate (perhaps 30%) extension beginning ca. 10 Ma, coincident with the development of an inboard component of plate-boundary transtensional deformation. Also, new age data from moderately tilted pre-extension volcanic rocks forming the lower part of the Tertiary stratigraphic section in the southern Singatse Range, west of the northern Wassuk Range, show a lack of the extreme extension reported for coeval strata in the central part of that range. Published tectonic models that assume that extreme middle Miocene extension was uniformly distributed from the central Singatse Range through the Coal Valley area and southward to the Mina Deflection are invalid, as are models of 100 km of westerly extensional strain migration from the Basin and Range into the Sierra Nevada. Our reinterpretation reflects a return to a Miocene history, developed almost four decades ago, of formation of a volcanic highland, followed by sedimentation in broad basins controlled partly by east-west structures, followed in turn by extensional deformation that formed the existing ranges and basins after ca. 10 Ma. Following these early studies, the history was revised based on geologic mapping and thermochronologic studies in the Gray Hills-Wassuk Range directly north of the Coal Valley area. The published thermochronologic studies of a transect across the Wassuk Range show approximate invariance across 4 km of the central range. Previously, these data had been modeled as recording rigid, whole-block west tilting of similar to 50 degrees at ca. 15 Ma, and the approximate invariance resulted in geologically instantaneous uplift of similar to 6 km. However, middle Miocene strata lack evidence for such rapid large uplift; that is, large volumes of proximal coarse clastic rocks are not found, and the strata do not exhibit a pattern of growth-fault fanning expected in the tilted fault-block model. The invariance is more consistent with arching during and following magmatism than with fault-related whole-block tilting. During main-phase extension, which began at ca. 10 Ma, the range was again flexed during uplift, similar to smaller structural blocks directly to the west. How or whether the extension-normal shortening structures we describe accommodated plate-boundary strain is not clear. Northwest-striking dextral faults are not reported in the Coal Valley area or to the northwest, so there is no clear association between the shortening structures and strain accommodation at terminations, left bends, or stepovers of such faults. We speculate that the complex heterogeneous Miocene strain of the Coal Valley area records coupling of approximately east-west regional extension with extension-normal shortening. The shortening could record midcrustal flow, possibly responding to lateral gravity gradients. C1 [Anderson, R. Ernest] US Geol Survey, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. [Berger, Byron R.; Miggins, Dan] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Anderson, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 347, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. FU Minerals Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded through the Minerals Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We are grateful to Larry Snee for early interest in and work on the geochronology, to Keith Howard, David John, and Mike Petronis for reviews of an early manuscript, and to Sue Priest for help with the illustrations. Technical reviews by Nathan Niemi led to many improvements for which we are grateful, and it is important to note that he disagrees with our revised interpretation of extension magnitude, especially that based on our reinterpretation of thermochron data. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1941-8264 J9 LITHOSPHERE-US JI Lithosphere PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 3 BP 187 EP 208 DI 10.1130/L174.1 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 968OT UT WOS:000305993500002 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David TI Is science in danger of sanctifying the wolf? SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; Elk; National parks; Predation; Trophic cascades; Wolf; Yellowstone; Banff ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; TROPHIC CASCADE; NORTHERN RANGE; ISLE ROYALE; PREDATION RISK; CALF SURVIVAL; BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; ELK HERD; WOLVES AB Historically the wolf (Canis lupus) was hated and extirpated from most of the contiguous United States. The federal Endangered Species Act fostered wolf protection and reintroduction which improved the species' image. Wolf populations reached biological recovery in the Northern Rocky Mountains and upper Midwest, and the animal has been delisted from the Endangered Species List in those areas. Numerous studies in National Parks suggest that wolves, through trophic cascades, have caused ecosystems to change in ways many people consider positive. Several studies have been conducted in Yellowstone National Park where wolf interactions with their prey, primarily elk (Cervus elaphus), are thought to have caused reduction of numbers or changes in movements and behavior. Some workers consider the latter changes to have led to a behaviorally-mediated trophic cascade. Either the elk reduction or the behavioral changes are hypothesized to have fostered growth in browse, primarily willows (Salix spp.) and aspen (Populus spp.), and that growth has resulted in increased beavers (Castor Canadensis), songbirds, and hydrologic changes. The wolfs image thus has gained an iconic cachet. However, later research challenges several earlier studies' findings such that earlier conclusions are now controversial, especially those related to causes of browse regrowth. In any case, any such cascading effects of wolves found in National Parks would have little relevance to most of the wolf range because of overriding anthropogenic influences there on wolves, prey, vegetation, and other parts of the food web. The wolf is neither a saint nor a sinner except to those who want to make it so. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM david_mech@usgs.gov NR 92 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 12 U2 238 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 150 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.03.003 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 964VF UT WOS:000305724100018 ER PT J AU Rodhouse, TJ Ormsbee, PC Irvine, KM Vierling, LA Szewczak, JM Vierling, KT AF Rodhouse, Thomas J. Ormsbee, Patricia C. Irvine, Kathryn M. Vierling, Lee A. Szewczak, Joseph M. Vierling, Kerri T. TI Assessing the status and trend of bat populations across broad geographic regions with dynamic distribution models SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bats; Bayesian hierarchical model; Chiroptera; conservation; detectability; monitoring; Myotis lucifugus; net primary productivity; occupancy; species distribution; species-energy theory; trend ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; FIELD IDENTIFICATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WATER AVAILABILITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; OCCUPANCY MODELS; SITE-OCCUPANCY; UNITED-STATES AB Bats face unprecedented threats from habitat loss, climate change, disease, and wind power development, and populations of many species are in decline. A better ability to quantify bat population status and trend is urgently needed in order to develop effective conservation strategies. We used a Bayesian autoregressive approach to develop dynamic distribution models for Myotis lucifugus, the little brown bat, across a large portion of northwestern USA, using a four-year detection history matrix obtained from a regional monitoring program. This widespread and abundant species has experienced precipitous local population declines in northeastern USA resulting from the novel disease white-nose syndrome, and is facing likely range-wide declines. Our models were temporally dynamic and accounted for imperfect detection. Drawing on species-energy theory, we included measures of net primary productivity (NPP) and forest cover in models, predicting that M. lucifugus occurrence probabilities would covary positively along those gradients. Despite its common status, M. lucifugus was only detected during similar to 50% of the surveys in occupied sample units. The overall naive estimate for the proportion of the study region occupied by the species was 0.69, but after accounting for imperfect detection, this increased to similar to 0.90. Our models provide evidence of an association between NPP and forest cover and M. lucifugus distribution, with implications for the projected effects of accelerated climate change in the region, which include net aridification as snowpack and stream flows decline. Annual turnover, the probability that an occupied sample unit was a newly occupied one, was estimated to be low (similar to 0.04-0.14), resulting in flat trend estimated with relatively high precision (SD = 0.04). We mapped the variation in predicted occurrence probabilities and corresponding prediction uncertainty along the productivity gradient. Our results provide a much needed baseline against which future anticipated declines in M. lucifugus occurrence can be measured. The dynamic distribution modeling approach has broad applicability to regional bat monitoring efforts now underway in several countries and we suggest ways to improve and expand our grid-based monitoring program to gain robust insights into bat population status and trend across large portions of North America. C1 [Rodhouse, Thomas J.; Vierling, Kerri T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Ormsbee, Patricia C.] US Forest Serv, Willamette Natl Forest, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. [Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Vierling, Lee A.] Univ Idaho, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Szewczak, Joseph M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Rodhouse, TJ (reprint author), Upper Columbia Basin Network, Natl Pk Serv, 63095 Deschutes Market Rd, Bend, OR 97701 USA. EM Tom_Rodhouse@nps.gov RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010; Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016; OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983; Rodhouse, Thomas/0000-0001-5953-9113 FU U.S. Forest Service; Bureau of Land Management; Department of Defense; National Park Service Upper Columbia Basin Network FX Funding for the Bat Grid was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Department of Defense Legacy Program. The National Park Service Upper Columbia Basin Network provided additional funding and support. We thank all the contributors to the Bat Grid: Without their extraordinary effort this analysis would not have been possible. Lew Cousineau provided invaluable data management support. Jeremy Hobson provided GIS support. Gerry Wright provided helpful comments during the preparation of the manuscript. The comments and suggestions provided by two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This is contribution 1070 of the University of Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 103 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1098 EP 1113 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 966KN UT WOS:000305836600004 PM 22827121 ER PT J AU Johnson, FA Walters, MAH Boomer, GS AF Johnson, Fred A. Walters, Matthew A. H. Boomer, G. Scott TI Allowable levels of take for the trade in Nearctic songbirds SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE density dependence; harvest; logistic growth; Mexico; passerines; pet trade; prescribed take level; quota; songbirds; sustainability; take ID AGING-RELATED MORTALITY; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; BIRD POPULATIONS; BAYESIAN PRIORS; SCHAEFER MODEL; SURVIVAL RATES; CONSERVATION; MAMMALS; ENVIRONMENT; MOVEMENT AB The take of Nearctic songbirds for the caged-bird trade is an important cultural and economic activity in Mexico, but its sustainability has been questioned. We relied on the theta-logistic population model to explore options for setting allowable levels of take for 11 species of passerines that were subject to legal take in Mexico in 2010. Because estimates of population size necessary for making periodic adjustments to levels of take are not routinely available, we examined the conditions under which a constant level of take might contribute to population depletion (i.e., a population below its level of maximum net productivity). The chance of depleting a population is highest when levels of take are based on population sizes that happen to be much lower or higher than the level of maximum net productivity, when environmental variation is relatively high and serially correlated, and when the interval between estimation of population size is relatively long (>5 years). To estimate demographic rates of songbirds involved in the Mexican trade we relied on published information and allometric relationships to develop probability distributions for key rates, and then sampled from those distributions to characterize the uncertainty in potential levels of take. Estimates of the intrinsic rate of growth (r) were highly variable, but median estimates were consistent with those expected for relatively short-lived, highly fecund species. Allowing for the possibility of nonlinear density dependence generally resulted in allowable levels of take that were lower than would have been the case under an assumption of linearity. Levels of take authorized by the Mexican government in 2010 for the 11 species we examined were small in comparison to relatively conservative allowable levels of take (i.e., those intended to achieve 50% of maximum sustainable yield). However, the actual levels of take in Mexico are unknown and almost certainly exceed the authorized take. Also, the take of Nearctic songbirds in other Latin American and Caribbean countries ultimately must be considered in assessing population-level impacts. C1 [Johnson, Fred A.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Walters, Matthew A. H.] US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Boomer, G. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Johnson, FA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM fjohnson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We appreciate the assistance of our Mexican colleagues, H. Berlanga, M. Reyna, O. Rocha, and A. Rojo, in helping us understand various facets of the passerine trade. E. E. Inigo-Elias (Cornell University) also provided useful information and helped us bridge cultural and language barriers. We thank four anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions on an earlier draft. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1114 EP 1130 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 966KN UT WOS:000305836600005 PM 22827122 ER PT J AU Skagen, SK Adams, AAY AF Skagen, Susan K. Adams, Amy A. Yackel TI Weather effects on avian breeding performance and implications of climate change SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Calamospiza melanocorys; climate change; clutch size; Lark Bunting; nest survival; North American prairie birds; paleoclimate; precipitation; shortgrass prairie ID GRASSLAND BIRDS; CLUTCH SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NEST PREDATION; GREAT-PLAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; SURVIVAL; TEMPERATURE; PASSERINE; PATTERNS AB The influence of recent climate change on the world's biota has manifested broadly, resulting in latitudinal range shifts, advancing dates of arrival of migrants and onset of breeding, and altered community relationships. Climate change elevates conservation concerns worldwide because it will likely exacerbate a broad range of identified threats to animal populations. In the past few decades, grassland birds have declined faster than other North American avifauna, largely due to habitat threats such as the intensification of agriculture. We examine the effects of local climatic variations on the breeding performance of a bird endemic to the shortgrass prairie, the Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) and discuss the implications of our findings relative to future climate predictions. Clutch size, nest survival, and productivity all positively covaried with seasonal precipitation, yet relatively intense daily precipitation events temporarily depressed daily survival of nests. Nest survival was positively related to average temperatures during the breeding season. Declining summer precipitation may reduce the likelihood that Lark Buntings can maintain stable breeding populations in eastern Colorado although average temperature increases of up to 3 degrees C (within the range of this study) may ameliorate declines in survival expected with drier conditions. Historic climate variability in the Great Plains selects for a degree of vagility and opportunism rather than strong site fidelity and specific adaptation to local environments. These traits may lead to northerly shifts in distribution if climatic and habitat conditions become less favorable in the drying southern regions of the Great Plains. Distributional shifts in Lark Buntings could be constrained by future changes in land use, agricultural practices, or vegetative communities that result in further loss of shortgrass prairie habitats. C1 [Skagen, Susan K.; Adams, Amy A. Yackel] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM skagens@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research program (NSF) [DEB-0217631]; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Survey Region 6; Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We extend our gratitude to our dedicated field crews: R. Adams, R. Corcoran, M. Dillon, A. Lueders, E. DeMasters, J. Tjornehoj, T. Cronk, Z. Draper, S. Patterson, M. Eitel, and C. Melcher, and we thank the numerous volunteers who assisted in searching for nests. For logistical support, housing, and vehicles, we thank J. Godbey (USGS), D. Weber (USFS), and G. Schoonveld (Colorado DOW). Weather data for the years of our study were acquired from the Western Regional Climate Center (http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/) and the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research group, a partnership between Colorado State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the U.S. Forest Service Pawnee National Grassland. Significant funding for the latter data was provided by the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research program (NSF Grant Number DEB-0217631). L. E. Burris designed Fig. 1 and summarized long-term climate data acquired from PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model, Oregon State University). N. Carr, J. J. Fontaine, J. P. McCarty, D. B. Poole, and three anonymous reviewers provided comments. This project was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Survey Region 6, and the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 14 U2 101 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1131 EP 1145 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 966KN UT WOS:000305836600006 PM 22827123 ER PT J AU Sturtevant, BR Miranda, BR Shinneman, DJ Gustafson, EJ Wolter, PT AF Sturtevant, Brian R. Miranda, Brian R. Shinneman, Douglas J. Gustafson, Eric J. Wolter, Peter T. TI Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Abies balsamea; disturbance ecology; insect-fire interactions; LANDIS-II; Laurentian mixed forest; Minnesota; spruce budworm; succession ID SOUTHERN-BOREAL FOREST; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; BALSAM FIR; CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA; EASTERN CANADA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; NEW-BRUNSWICK; LANDSCAPE; OUTBREAK AB Insect disturbance is often thought to increase fire risk through enhanced fuel loadings, particularly in coniferous forest ecosystems. Yet insect disturbances also affect successional pathways and landscape structure that interact with fire disturbances (and vice-versa) over longer time scales. We applied a landscape succession and disturbance model (LANDIS-II) to evaluate the relative strength of interactions between spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreaks and fire disturbances in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) in northern Minnesota (USA). Disturbance interactions were evaluated for two different scenarios: presettlement forests and fire regimes vs. contemporary forests and fire regimes. Forest composition under the contemporary scenario trended toward mixtures of deciduous species (primarily Betula papyrifera and Populus spp.) and shade-tolerant conifers (Picea mariana, Abies balsamea, Thuja occidentalis), with disturbances dominated by a combination of budworm defoliation and high-severity fires. The presettlement scenario retained comparatively more "big pines" (i.e., Pinus strobus, P. resinosa) and tamarack (L. laricina), and experienced less budworm disturbance and a comparatively less-severe fire regime. Spruce budworm disturbance decreased area burned and fire severity under both scenarios when averaged across the entire 300-year simulations. Contrary to past research, area burned and fire severity during outbreak decades were each similar to that observed in non-outbreak decades. Our analyses suggest budworm disturbances within forests of the BWCA have a comparatively weak effect on long-term forest composition due to a combination of characteristics. These include strict host specificity, fine-scaled patchiness created by defoliation damage, and advance regeneration of its primary host, balsam fir (A. balsamea) that allows its host to persist despite repeated disturbances. Understanding the nature of the three-way interaction between budworm, fire, and composition has important ramifications for both fire mitigation strategies and ecosystem restoration initiatives. We conclude that budworm disturbance can partially mitigate long-term future fire risk by periodically reducing live ladder fuel within the mixed forest types of the BWCA but will do little to reverse the compositional trends caused in part by reduced fire rotations. C1 [Sturtevant, Brian R.; Miranda, Brian R.; Gustafson, Eric J.] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Shinneman, Douglas J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Wolter, Peter T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sturtevant, BR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM bsturtevant@fs.fed.us FU U.S. National Fire Plan; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) Managed Ecosystems program [2005-35101-16342] FX This research was supported by the U.S. National Fire Plan and the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) Managed Ecosystems program (2005-35101-16342). We thank Sue Lietz for her modeling and technical support and Robert Scheller for technical assistance with LANDIS-II. John Stanovick provided valuable guidance on our statistical methods. We also thank Daniel Kneeshaw, Guillaume Sainte-Marie, Kasey Legaard, Erin Simons, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 115 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 50 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1278 EP 1296 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 966KN UT WOS:000305836600018 PM 22827135 ER PT J AU Hogan, JA Shaw, JA Lawrence, RL Lewicki, JL Dobeck, LM Spangler, LH AF Hogan, Justin A. Shaw, Joseph A. Lawrence, Rick L. Lewicki, Jennifer L. Dobeck, Laura M. Spangler, Lee H. TI Detection of Leaking CO2 Gas With Vegetation Reflectances Measured By a Low-Cost Multispectral Imager SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Environmental management; multispectral imaging; remote monitoring; remote sensing ID ROOT RESPIRATION; SOIL; SEQUESTRATION; MONTANA; RELEASE; BOZEMAN AB Multispectral vegetation reflectance measurements were used as an indirect method of sensing CO2 gas leaking from underground in a controlled release experiment in Bozeman, Montana, USA. The leak location is identified through time-series analysis of the reflectances and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), evaluated at a test location and a control location. Vegetation reflectance changes that correlated with root-level CO2 exposure were distinguishable from changes attributed to seasonal factors including precipitation, wind, air temperature variation, etc. The NDVI of the vegetation became steadily smaller until saturating approximately twenty days after the beginning of the release. However, before reaching the threshold values, both reflectance and NDVI values changed more rapidly when exposed to elevated CO2 fluxes. C1 [Hogan, Justin A.; Shaw, Joseph A.] Montana State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Lawrence, Rick L.] Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Lewicki, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dobeck, Laura M.; Spangler, Lee H.] Montana State Univ, Energy Res Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Hogan, JA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. FU Department of Energy [DE-FE0000397]; United States Government FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under award number DE-FE0000397.; This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 SI SI BP 699 EP 706 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2202880 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 968KB UT WOS:000305978200004 ER PT J AU Medica, PA Nussear, KE Esque, TC Saethre, MB AF Medica, Philip A. Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. Saethre, Mary B. TI Long-Term Growth of Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in a Southern Nevada Population SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGE-SIZE RELATIONSHIPS; MOJAVE-DESERT; WINTER ANNUALS; EGG-PRODUCTION; BODY-SIZE; SURVIVAL; CALIFORNIA; MATURITY; DROUGHT AB Knowledge of growth rates, age at maturity, and longevity are important aspects of a species life history and are directly applicable to life table creation and population viability analyses. We measured the growth of a cohort of 17 semi-wild Desert Tortoises (Gopher-us agassizii) located in Rock Valley, Nevada over a 47-yr period beginning in 1963. The tortoises were initially marked as hatchling and juvenile animals between the years 1963 and 1965 and ranged in size from 47 to 77 mm in plastron length. We assigned ages of 1-4 yr to the tortoises at initial capture based on their body size. These tortoises were recaptured, measured, and weighed approximately annually since their initial capture. Growth of male and female tortoises did not differ significantly until animals reached the age of 23-25 yr. Annual tortoise growth was correlated with the production of ephemeral vegetation, while accounting for size, sex, and repeated measurements of the animals as well as the interval between measurements. However, the production of ephemeral plants was likewise highly correlated (non-linearly) with winter rainfall. Stochastic predation events between 2003 and 2007 decimated this cohort of tortoises. The average age of the long-term surviving tortoises from this cohort was 43 yr with a range of 39-47 yr. Twelve of the tortoises survived to the age of 39 yr and 11 of the 12 reached 40 yr. C1 [Medica, Philip A.; Nussear, Kenneth E.; Esque, Todd C.; Saethre, Mary B.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Medica, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM pmedica@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 26 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1670/11-327 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 969HM UT WOS:000306046300012 ER PT J AU de Albuquerque, NR Passos, P Gotte, SW AF de Albuquerque, Nelson R. Passos, Paulo Gotte, Steve W. TI Leptophis santamartensis (Serpentes, Colubridae), a Junior Synonym of Leptophis ahaetulla occidentalis SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAXONOMIC STATUS AB Leptophis santamartensis, known only from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, is one of the more poorly known species of the genus Leptophis. The characters used for its diagnosis largely overlap with those of other Leptophis, mainly with Leptophis ahaetulla occidentalis, the only other Leptophis known to occur in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. A detailed comparison of L. a. occidentalis with the two known specimens of L. santamartensis leads to the conclusion that the latter should be relegated to the synonymy of the former. C1 [de Albuquerque, Nelson R.] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Lab Zool, BR-79304902 Corumba, MS, Brazil. [Passos, Paulo] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacl, Dept Vertebrados, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gotte, Steve W.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Survey Unit, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP de Albuquerque, NR (reprint author), Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Lab Zool, Campus Pantanal,Ave Rio Branco 1270, BR-79304902 Corumba, MS, Brazil. EM nelson_rufino@hotmail.com FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) FX NA would like to thank D. R. Frost and D. Kizirian (AMNH) for access to specimens under their care. He also thanks N. Glimore (ANSP), C. McCarthy (BMNH), J. Vindum (CAS), G. Colli and M. Zatz (CHUNB), S. Rogers (CM), H. Voris and A. Resetar (FMNH), J. Simmons and L. Trueb (KU), J. Rosado (MCZ), G. Rivas (MHNLS), R. Feio (MZUFV), T. Hibbtts (TCWC), G. Schneider (UMMZ), J. Campbell and C. Franklin (UTA), and R. W. McDiarmid (USNM), who kindly loaned or granted permission to examine specimens under their care. We especially thank D. Perico (IAvH) for allowing PP to examine the type specimens of L. santamartensis under his care. R. W. McDiarmid and R. Reynolds (U.S. Geological Survey/USNM) kindly read and improved an earlier version of this manuscript. We are grateful to Philippe Kok for his comments on the final version. Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) provided a partial doctoral fellowship to NA while he was at the American Museum of Natural History. For financial support PP thanks the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), and Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 248 EP 252 DI 10.1670/10-263 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 969HM UT WOS:000306046300017 ER PT J AU Rich, LN Mitchell, MS Gude, JA Sime, CA AF Rich, Lindsey N. Mitchell, Michael S. Gude, Justin A. Sime, Carolyn A. TI Anthropogenic mortality, intraspecific competition, and prey availability influence territory sizes of wolves in Montana SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic mortality; intraspecific competition; Montana; prey availability; territory size; wolf ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; DENSITY; ESTIMATORS; MODEL; DETERMINANTS AB Territoriality in animals is of both theoretical and conservation interest. Animals are territorial when benefits of exclusive access to a limiting resource outweigh costs of maintaining and defending it. The size of territories can be considered a function of ecological factors that affect this benefit-cost ratio. Previous research has shown that territory sizes for wolves (Canis lupus) are largely determined by available biomass of prey, and possibly pack size and density of neighboring wolf packs, but has not been interpreted in a benefit-cost framework. Such a framework is relevant for wolves living in the Northern Rocky Mountains where conflicts with humans increase mortality, thereby potentially increasing costs of being territorial and using prey resources located near humans. We estimated territory sizes for 38 wolf packs in Montana from 2008 to 2009 using 90% adaptive kernels. We then created generalized linear models (GLMs) representing combinations of ecological factors hypothesized to affect the territory sizes of wolf packs. Our top GLM, which had good model fit (R-2 = 0.68, P < 0.0005), suggested that territory sizes of wolves in Montana were positively related to terrain ruggedness, lethal controls, and human density and negatively related to number of surrounding packs relative to the size of the territory. We found that the top GLM successfully predicted territory sizes (R-2 = 0.53, P < 0.0005) using a jackknife approach. Our study shows that territory sizes of group-living carnivores are influenced by not only intraspecific competition and availability of limiting resources, but also by anthropogenic threats to the group's survival, which could have important consequences where these territorial carnivores come into conflict with humans. C1 [Rich, Lindsey N.; Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Gude, Justin A.; Sime, Carolyn A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Rich, LN (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM LindseyRich83@gmail.com FU Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; University of Montana FX Funding for this project was provided by Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks and the University of Montana. We are grateful to the many Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks employees and volunteers who trapped and monitored wolves, particularly K. Laudon, L. Bradley, K. Boyd, T. Smucker, V. Asher, N. Lance, and M. Ross. We thank D. Pletscher, M. Hebblewhite, D. Smith, M. Jimenez, D. Ausband, and R. Powell for constructive comments on early drafts of the manuscript. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 92 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 722 EP 731 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-079.2 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 969HA UT WOS:000306045100011 ER PT J AU Gustine, DD Barboza, PS Lawler, JP Adams, LG Parker, KL Arthur, SM Shults, BS AF Gustine, David D. Barboza, Perry S. Lawler, James P. Adams, Layne G. Parker, Kathy L. Arthur, Steve M. Shults, Brad S. TI Diversity of nitrogen isotopes and protein status in caribou: implications for monitoring northern ungulates SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; diet; excreta; late winter; monitoring; nutrition; Rangifer tarandus; Yukon ID RANGIFER-TARANDUS-GROENLANDICUS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FEMALE CARIBOU; BODY-COMPOSITION; HABITAT USE; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; WOODLAND CARIBOU; ALASKAN CARIBOU; DIET QUALITY; WINTER AB Nutritional condition is an important determinant of productivity and survival in caribou (Rangifer tarandus). We used samples of excreta (n = 1,150) to estimate diet composition from microhistology and 2 isotopic proxies of protein status for 2 ecotypes of caribou in 4 herds in late winter (2006-2008). Isotopes of nitrogen (delta N-15 in parts per thousand [parts per thousand]) from excreta samples (urea, diet, and body N) were used to estimate indexes of protein status: the proportion of urea N derived from body N (p-UN) and the difference between the delta N-15 of the body and urinary urea (Delta(body-urea)). We examined dietary and terrain characteristics, delta N-15, p-UN, and Delta(body-urea) by ecotype, herd, year, and foraging site. Multiple regression and an information-theoretic approach were used to evaluate correlates of protein status at each foraging site. The dietary and terrain characteristics of foraging sites did not vary by ecotype or herd (P > 0.108); diets were dominated by lichens (68% +/- 14.1% SD). The delta N-15 of urea, diet, body N, p-UN, and Delta(body-urea) varied among foraging sites within each herd (P < 0.001). Although highly variable, the delta N-15 of urinary urea was typically low (-4.68 parts per thousand +/- 2.67 parts per thousand SD). Dietary N also had low delta N-15 (-4.18 parts per thousand +/- 0.92 parts per thousand SD), whereas body N was generally heavier in N-15 (2.20 parts per thousand +/- 1.56 parts per thousand SD) than urinary urea or the diet. Both measures of protein status were similarly diverse between ecotypes and among herds, which limited their applicability to monitor protein status at the population level. Although we observed limitations to interpreting estimates of p-UN from highly vagile ungulates, the Delta(body-urea) may prove to be a useful index of protein status at smaller spatial and temporal scales. Indeed, a portion of the observed variance (r(2) = 0.26) in Delta(body-urea) at each foraging site was explained by the proportion of shrubs in the winter diet. There remains potential in using delta N-15 in excreta as a noninvasive tool for evaluating protein status in northern ungulates; however, considerable analytical and sampling challenges remain for applying these isotopic approaches at large scales. C1 [Gustine, David D.; Barboza, Perry S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gustine, David D.; Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Barboza, Perry S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lawler, James P.; Shults, Brad S.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Parker, Kathy L.] Univ No British Columbia, Nat Resources & Environm Studies Inst, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. [Arthur, Steve M.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Gustine, DD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dgustine@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey through the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research [CIPY-10]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1224]; University of Alaska, Fairbanks; University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Graduate School; University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Department of Biology and Wildlife FX Funding for D. Gustine was provided by the United States Geological Survey through the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research (project CIPY-10) with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under a cooperative agreement (NA17RJ1224) with the University of Alaska, Fairbanks; the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Graduate School; and the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Department of Biology and Wildlife. Support for the collection and processing of samples was provided by the National Park Service, United States Geological Survey, Circum Arctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network (D. Russell), Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and the Canadian Wildlife Service. Use of any trade names in this manuscript does not imply endorsement by the United States government. Many people assisted in this work and we particularly thank J. Addison, J. Dau, P. Del Vechhio, M. Gillingham, B. Griffith, N. Gustine, K. Joly, L. Larocque, G. Lortie, J. McLelland, K. Moon, N. Olson, R. Parsley, G. Roffler, and R. Shively. T. Howe, L. Oliver, and M. Otter conducted the isotopic analysis and B. Davitt did the microhistology work. This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from T. Hegel, K. Joly, and M. Lindberg. NR 88 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 51 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 778 EP 790 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-164.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 969HA UT WOS:000306045100017 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI Taxonomic status and relationships of Sorex obscurus parvidens Jackson, 1921, from California SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Eulipotyphla; Insectivora; morphology; shrew; Soricidae; Soricomorpha ID ORNATUS AB The San Bernardino shrew, Sorex obscurus parvidens Jackson, 1921, is a population inhabiting the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountains of southern California. For the past 9 decades, this population has been considered either a subspecies of S. obscurus Merriam, 1895, S. vagrans Baird, 1857, or S. monticola Merriam, 1890; or an undifferentiated population of S. ornatus Merriam, 1895. Aside from the changing taxonomic landscape that contextualizes the genus Sorex, previous study of S. obscurus parvidens has been retarded by the perception of limited available samples (typically, fewer than 8 specimens); misinterpretation of the provenance of specimens identified as S. obscurus parvidens; misunderstanding of the type locality; and inclusion of specimens of this taxon in the type series of another species with which S. obscurus parvidens has been both contrasted and allied at different times. My investigation of S. obscurus parvidens indicates that it is a distinctive population that is morphologically closest to S. ornatus, and it corresponds to the Southern Clade of that species. However, the appropriate names for deep clades within S. ornatus remain uncertain. Until this uncertainty is resolved, S. obscurus parvidens should be considered a distinctive population within S. ornatus; for conservation purposes, it should be recognized as S. ornatus parvidens. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 826 EP 838 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-354.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 969HA UT WOS:000306045100022 ER PT J AU McKenna, JP Santi, PM Amblard, X Negri, J AF McKenna, Jonathan Peter Santi, Paul Michael Amblard, Xavier Negri, Jacquelyn TI Effects of soil-engineering properties on the failure mode of shallow landslides SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE Landslide failure mode; Critical-state; Density; Debris flow; Prediction ID DEBRIS FLOWS; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; SHEAR; MOBILIZATION; DEFORMATION AB Some landslides mobilize into flows, while others slide and deposit material immediately down slope. An index based on initial dry density and fine-grained content of soil predicted failure mode of 96 landslide initiation sites in Oregon and Colorado with 79% accuracy. These material properties can be used to identify potential sources for debris flows and for slides. Field data suggest that loose soils can evolve from dense soils that dilate upon shearing. The method presented herein to predict failure mode is most applicable for shallow (depth < 5 m), well-graded soils (coefficient of uniformity > 8), with few to moderate fines (fine-grained content < 18%), and with liquid limits < 40. C1 [Santi, Paul Michael] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Amblard, Xavier] Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, F-75232 Paris, France. [McKenna, Jonathan Peter] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Negri, Jacquelyn] Univ Michigan, Flint, MI 48502 USA. RP McKenna, JP (reprint author), MicroSeismic Inc, 621 17th St,Suite 2000, Denver, CO 80209 USA. EM jmckenna@microseismic.com NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD JUN PY 2012 VL 9 IS 2 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s10346-011-0295-3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 968EK UT WOS:000305959700006 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE AF Keeley, Jon E. TI Ecology and evolution of pine life histories SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Abiotic stress; Cenozoic; Crown fire; Disturbance; Life history; Mesozoic; Surface fire ID BURNING CHARACTERISTICS; SIERRA-NEVADA; FIRE; PINACEAE; FOREST; FLAMMABILITY; PERSISTENCE; CALIFORNIA; PHYLOGENY; PATTERNS AB Pinus is a diverse genus of trees widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Understanding pine life history is critical to both conservation and fire management. Here I lay out the different pathways of pine life history adaptation and a brief overview of pine evolution and the very significant role that fire has played. Pinus originated 150 Ma in the mid-Mesozoic Era and radiated across the northern continent of Laurasia during the Cretaceous Period. Pines have followed two evolutionary strategies interpreted as responses to competition by the newly emerging angiosperms. The Strobus lineage mostly has radiated into stressful sites of low nutrient soils and extremes in cold or heat. The Pinus (subgenus) lineage has radiated into fire-prone landscapes with diverse fire regimes. Examination of life history traits illustrates syndromes associated with fire-avoider, fire-tolerater, fire-embracer, and fire-refuge strategies. Understanding the current pattern of pine distribution requires interpreting their evolution in terms of climate, geology, and fire. All three of these factors have played a role since the Mesozoic origin of the genus. All are important to the appropriate management of these resources. C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; MEDPINE4 Conference FX I thank the organizers of the MEDPINE4 conference for the invitation to present this keynote address. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the MEDPINE4 Conference. NR 50 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 9 U2 82 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 4 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1007/s13595-012-0201-8 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 962DC UT WOS:000305518600004 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Dettinger, MD AF Ralph, F. M. Dettinger, M. D. TI Historical and National Perspectives on Extreme West Coast Precipitation Associated with Atmospheric Rivers during December 2010 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; SATELLITE; RAINFALL C1 [Ralph, F. M.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dettinger, M. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 6 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00188.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VI UT WOS:000305724400007 ER PT J AU Beier, CM Woods, AM Hotopp, KP Gibbs, JP Mitchell, MJ Dovciak, M Leopold, DJ Lawrence, GB Page, BD AF Beier, Colin M. Woods, Anne M. Hotopp, Kenneth P. Gibbs, James P. Mitchell, Myron J. Dovciak, Martin Leopold, Donald J. Lawrence, Gregory B. Page, Blair D. TI Changes in faunal and vegetation communities along a soil calcium gradient in northern hardwood forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; ACID-RAIN; HUBBARD BROOK; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NEW-YORK; PATTERNS; POPULATIONS; AVAILABILITY AB Depletion of Ca from forest soils due to acidic deposition has had potentially pervasive effects on forest communities, but these impacts remain largely unknown. Because snails, salamanders, and plants play essential roles in the Ca cycle of northern hardwood forests, we hypothesized that their community diversity, abundance, and structure would vary with differences in biotic Ca availability. To test this hypothesis, we sampled 12 upland hardwood forests representing a soil Ca gradient in the Adirondack Mountains, New York (USA), where chronic deposition has resulted in acidified soils but where areas of well-buffered soils remain Ca rich due to parent materials. Along the gradient of increasing soil [Ca2+], we observed increasing trends in snail community richness and abundance, live biomass of redback salamanders (Plethodon cinereus (Green, 1818)), and canopy tree basal area. Salamander communities were dominated by mountain dusky salamanders (Desmognathus ochrophaeus Cope, 1859) at Ca-poor sites and changed continuously along the Ca gradient to become dominated by redback salamanders at the Ca-rich sites. Several known calciphilic species of snails and plants were found only at the highest-Ca sites. Our results indicated that Ca availability, which is shaped by geology and acidic deposition inputs, influences northern hardwood forest ecosystems at multiple trophic levels, although the underlying mechanisms require further study. C1 [Beier, Colin M.; Woods, Anne M.; Gibbs, James P.; Mitchell, Myron J.; Dovciak, Martin; Leopold, Donald J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Beier, Colin M.; Woods, Anne M.] SUNY ESF Adirondack Ecol Ctr, Newcomb, NY 12852 USA. [Hotopp, Kenneth P.] Appalachian Conservat Biol, Bethel, ME 04217 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Page, Blair D.] Onondaga Community Coll, Syracuse, NY 13215 USA. RP Beier, CM (reprint author), SUNY ESF, 311 Bray Hall,1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM cbeier@esf.edu RI Dovciak, Martin/K-3140-2012 FU USDA Forest Service - Northeastern States Research Cooperative FX We are grateful to D. Burns and several referees for helpful comments on the manuscript, our technicians M. Wightman, C. Blodgett, and T. Renoni, and the staff of the SUNY ESF Adirondack Ecological Center for logistical support. This research was supported by the USDA Forest Service - Northeastern States Research Cooperative. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 47 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1141 EP 1152 DI 10.1139/X2012-071 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 957IQ UT WOS:000305155500013 ER PT J AU Hsu, JL Kam, YC Fellers, GM AF Hsu, Juei-Ling Kam, Yeong-Choy Fellers, Gary M. TI OVERWINTERING TADPOLES AND LOSS OF FITNESS CORRELATES IN POLYPEDATES BRAUERI TADPOLES THAT USE ARTIFICIAL POOLS IN A LOWLAND AGROECOSYSTEM SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Life history traits; Metamorphosis; Overwinter; Postmetamorphic performance ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; BODY-SIZE; BUFO-CALAMITA; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; RANA-CATESBEIANA; ASCAPHUS-TRUEI; RESOURCE LEVEL; TAILED FROG; METAMORPHOSIS; LARVAL AB We studied growth, development, and metamorphic traits of Polypedates braueri tadpoles in Taiwan to elucidate the cause of tadpole overwintering in man-made water containers in lowland orchards on the Bagua Terrace. Polypedates braueri bred from March to August, but tadpoles were present year round. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that tadpole overwintering was facultative; low temperatures and limited food retarded both growth and development, resulting in overwintering in the tadpole stage. Tadpoles at the lowest experimental temperature (15 degrees C) never reached metamorphosis. A field experiment demonstrated that 78, 28, and 4% of tadpoles raised in high, medium, and low food regimes, respectively, metamorphosed before the onset of winter. Tadpoles that did not metamorphose by fall continued to grow slowly and either metamorphosed during the winter or the following spring. These findings indicate that food availability plays a key role in inducing overwintering in tadpoles. Jumping performance of metamorphs was positively correlated with food regimes, but body lipid content was significantly higher in metamorphs raised with either low or high food regimes than in those with medium levels of food. Ovemintering by P. braueri tadpoles has not been previously reported; however, agricultural activities have created new breeding habitats (i.e., man-made bodies of water), sonic of which are sufficiently food-limited that tadpoles overwinter to complete development and metamorphosis. An understanding of the survivorship, life history traits, and physiology of these frogs is needed to shed light on how man-made breeding sites affect the population dynamics of native frog populations. C1 [Hsu, Juei-Ling; Kam, Yeong-Choy] Tunghai Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taichung 407, Taiwan. [Fellers, Gary M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Kam, YC (reprint author), Tunghai Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taichung 407, Taiwan. EM biyckam@thu.edu.tw FU National Science Council (NSC) [NSC 94-2311-B-029002] FX Acknowledgments-This study was supported by a National Science Council Grant (NSC 94-2311-B-029002) to Y-CK. P.S. Shen, Y.F. Sung, and C.S. Wn provided statistical advice and help. H.C. Lin provided methods on lipid extraction. Members from the Herpetology Lab provided field and laboratory assistance. Joan Fellers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This is Contribution 400 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 57 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 11 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD JUN PY 2012 VL 68 IS 2 BP 184 EP 194 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 958RW UT WOS:000305259400004 ER PT J AU Woodward, C Hansen, L Beckwith, F Redman, RS Rodriguez, RJ AF Woodward, Claire Hansen, Lee Beckwith, Fleur Redman, Regina S. Rodriguez, Rusty J. TI Symbiogenics: An Epigenetic Approach to Mitigating Impacts of Climate Change on Plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE symbiosis; stress tolerance; fungal endophyte; plant microbe interaction; drought tolerance; salt tolerance ID MONOCOT-DICOT DIVERGENCE; STRESS TOLERANCE; CROP PLANTS; SYMBIOSIS; DIVERSITY; GROWTH AB We have found that plants in natural ecosystems adapt to abiotic stress by forming symbiotic associations with Class 2 fungal endophytes. Without the endophytes, plants are not stress-tolerant and do not survive in the habitats to which they are adapted. Symbiotically conferred stress tolerance typically occurs in a habitat-specific manner and is based on interactions between environmental factors and both plant and fungal genomes. For example, endophytes from geothermal plants confer heat tolerance, and endophytes from coastal plants confer salt tolerance. We have designated this phenomenon as habitat-adapted symbiosis and hypothesize that it is a ubiquitous aspect of plant ecology. Class 2 endophytes also increase plant growth and development while decreasing water consumption. We present metabolic and gene expression data to support a working model for the underlying mechanisms of endophyte-conferred benefits to plants. Although endophytes had no effect on photosynthetic rate and metabolic efficiency, they significantly increased photosynthetic efficiency. Endophytes significantly altered the ratio of upregulated to downregulated (UR:DR genes) plant genes compared with nonsymbiotic plants. Specific UR:DR gene ratios varied with endophyte species as well as habitat of origin. Collectively, these observations have allowed us to design a new symbiogenic (symbio = symbiosis; genic = gene influence) strategy for mitigating impacts of climate change on crop production. C1 [Woodward, Claire; Beckwith, Fleur; Redman, Regina S.; Rodriguez, Rusty J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Woodward, Claire; Beckwith, Fleur; Redman, Regina S.; Rodriguez, Rusty J.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hansen, Lee] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Rodriguez, RJ (reprint author), Symbiogenics, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. EM drodriguez@symbiogenics.org FU Environmental Stress Physiology (STRS) Working Group; NSF [0414463, 0950447]; US/IS BARD [3260-01C]; ARO [54120-LS]; USGS FX This paper was part of the colloquium, "Emerging Techniques to Evaluate and Mitigate Crop Environmental Stress in a Changing Climate" held 28 Sept. 2011 at the ASHS Conference, Waikoloa, HI, and sponsored by the Environmental Stress Physiology (STRS) Working Group.; Funding was provided by NSF (0414463, 0950447), US/IS BARD (3260-01C), ARO (54120-LS), and USGS. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 47 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 6 BP 699 EP 703 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 960CZ UT WOS:000305366900005 ER PT J AU Collett, TS Boswell, R AF Collett, Timothy S. Boswell, Ray TI Resource and hazard implications of gas hydrates in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Results of the 2009 Joint Industry Project Leg II Drilling Expedition Preface SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Boswell, Ray] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Collett, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tcollett@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.01.002 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 960GJ UT WOS:000305375700001 ER PT J AU Boswell, R Collett, TS Frye, M Shedd, W McConnell, DR Shelander, D AF Boswell, Ray Collett, Timothy S. Frye, Matthew Shedd, William McConnell, Daniel R. Shelander, Dianna TI Subsurface gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas Hydrate; Northern Gulf of Mexico ID ALAMINOS CANYON 21; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; METHANE HYDRATE; DEEP-WATER; RESOURCE; WELL; ACCUMULATIONS; EXPLORATION; CALIBRATION AB The northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) has long been a focus area for the study of gas hydrates. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, work focused on massive gas hydrates deposits that were found to form at and near the seafloor in association with hydrocarbon seeps. However, as global scientific and industrial interest in assessment of the drilling hazards and resource implications of gas hydrate accelerated, focus shifted to understanding the nature and abundance of "buried" gas hydrates. Through 2005, despite the drilling of more than 1200 oil and gas industry wells through the gas hydrate stability zone, published evidence of significant sub-seafloor gas hydrate in the GoM was lacking. A 2005 drilling program by the GoM Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project (the JIP) provided an initial confirmation of the occurrence of gas hydrates below the GoM seafloor. In 2006, release of data from a 2003 industry well in Alaminos Canyon 818 provided initial documentation of gas hydrate occurrence at high concentrations in sand reservoirs in the GoM. From 2006 to 2008, the JIP facilitated the integration of geophysical and geological data to identify sites prospective for gas hydrate-bearing sands, culminating in the recommendation of numerous drilling targets within four sites spanning a range of typical deepwater settings. Concurrent with, but independent of, the JIP prospecting effort, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) conducted a preliminary assessment of the GoM gas hydrate petroleum system, resulting in an estimate of 607 trillion cubic meters (21,444 trillion cubic feet) gas-in-place of which roughly one-third occurs at expected high concentrations in sand reservoirs. In 2009, the JIP drilled seven wells at three sites, discovering gas hydrate at high saturation in sand reservoirs in four wells and suspected gas hydrate at low to moderate saturations in two other wells. These results provide an initial confirmation of the complex nature and occurrence of gas hydrate-bearing sands in the GoM, the efficacy of the integrated geological/geophysical prospecting approach used to identify the JIP drilling sites, and the relevance of the 2008 BOEM assessment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Boswell, Ray] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. [Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Frye, Matthew] US Bur Ocean Energy Management, Herndon, VA USA. [Shedd, William] US Bur Ocean Energy Management, New Orleans, LA USA. [McConnell, Daniel R.] AOA Geophys, Houston, TX USA. [Shelander, Dianna] Schlumberger, Houston, TX USA. RP Boswell, R (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. EM ray.boswell@netl.doe.gov OI Boswell, Ray/0000-0002-3824-2967 NR 97 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 8 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 4 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.10.003 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 960GJ UT WOS:000305375700002 ER PT J AU Collett, TS Lee, MW Zyrianova, MV Mrozewski, SA Guerin, G Cook, AE Goldberg, DS AF Collett, Timothy S. Lee, Myung W. Zyrianova, Margarita V. Mrozewski, Stefan A. Guerin, Gilles Cook, Ann E. Goldberg, Dave S. TI Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II logging-while-drilling data acquisition and analysis SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate; Gulf of Mexico; Logging-while drilling; Well-log analysis; Energy assessments; Hazards assessments ID ELECTRICAL ANISOTROPY; RESERVOIRS; WELL AB One of the objectives of the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II (GUM JIP Leg II) was the collection of a comprehensive suite of logging-while-drilling (LWD) data within gas-hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in order to make accurate estimates of the concentration of gas hydrates under various geologic conditions and to understand the geologic controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate at each of the sites drilled during this expedition. The LWD sensors just above the drill bit provided important information on the nature of the sediments and the occurrence of gas hydrate. There has been significant advancements in the use of downhole well-logging tools to acquire detailed information on the occurrence of gas hydrate in nature: From using electrical resistivity and acoustic logs to identify gas hydrate occurrences in wells to where wireline and advanced logging-while-drilling tools are routinely used to examine the petrophysical nature of gas hydrate reservoirs and the distribution and concentration of gas hydrates within various complex reservoir systems. Recent integrated sediment coring and well-log studies have confirmed that electrical resistivity and acoustic velocity data can yield accurate gas hydrate saturations in sediment grain supported (isotropic) systems such as sand reservoirs, but more advanced log analysis models are required to characterize gas hydrate in fractured (anisotropic) reservoir systems. In support of the GOM JIP Leg II effort, well-log data montages have been compiled and presented in this report which includes downhole logs obtained from all seven wells drilled during this expedition with a focus on identifying and characterizing the potential gas-hydrate-bearing sedimentary section in each of the wells. Also presented and reviewed in this report are the gas-hydrate saturation and sediment porosity logs for each of the wells as calculated from available downhole well logs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Collett, Timothy S.; Lee, Myung W.; Zyrianova, Margarita V.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mrozewski, Stefan A.; Guerin, Gilles; Cook, Ann E.; Goldberg, Dave S.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Collett, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS-939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tcollett@usgs.gov RI Cook, Ann/D-8798-2013 OI Cook, Ann/0000-0002-5658-0329 FU JIP Executive Board FX The authors wish to thank those that contributed to the success of the GOM JIP Leg II. Notably we wish to thank Deborah Hutchinson (USGS), Carolyn Ruppel (USGS), Kelly Rose (DOE), Warren Wood (NRL), Brandon Dugan (Rice University) and Tom Latham (Chevron) for work to characterize and prioritize GOM JIP Leg II drilling targets. We wish also to acknowledge the efforts of Zijian Zhang, Brenda Monsalve, Hunter Danque, Jim Gharib, Ana Garcia-Garcia, Brent Dillard, and Adrian Digby (AOA Geophysics) for pre-drill site hazards assessments. Chris Partridge, Evan Powell and Richard Birchwood (Schlumberger), Dave Goldberg (LDEO), and Richard Baker (DOE) contributed to pre-drill operational planning. Safe and efficient field operations were enabled by the excellent work of the captain and crew of the Helix Q4000, by Mike Danley and Greg Pine (Chevron), and by Charles Thompson (Baker Hughes) among many others. Lastly, we wish to acknowledge the support of the JIP Executive Board: James Howard (ConocoPhillips), Espen Sletten Andersen (StatoilHydro), Phillipe Remacle (Total), Patrick Hooyman (Schlumberger), Andy Hawthorn (Schlumberger), Lewis Norman (Halliburton), Ken'ichi Yokoi (JOGMEC), I. L Budhiraja (Reliance), and Hong-Geun Im (KNOC). We also acknowledge the Chevron managers that have lead the JIP effort on behalf of the JIP Executive Board, including Emrys Jones, John Balczewski, and Cung Vu. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 8 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 41 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.08.003 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 960GJ UT WOS:000305375700004 ER PT J AU Lee, MW Collett, TS AF Lee, M. W. Collett, T. S. TI Pore- and fracture-filling gas hydrate reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II Green Canyon 955 H well SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate reservoirs; Isotropy; Anisotropy; Saturation; Fracture ID BEARING SEDIMENTS; ELECTRICAL ANISOTROPY; ELASTIC PROPERTIES AB High-quality logging-while-drilling (LWD) downhole logs were acquired in seven wells drilled during the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II in the spring of 2009. Well logs obtained in one of the wells, the Green Canyon Block 955 H well (GC955-H), indicate that a 27.4-m thick zone at the depth of 428 m below sea floor (mbsf: 1404 feet below sea floor (fbsf)) contains gas hydrate within sand with average gas hydrate saturations estimated at 60% from the compressional-wave (P-wave) velocity and 65% (locally more than 80%) from resistivity logs if the gas hydrate is assumed to be uniformly distributed in this mostly sand-rich section. Similar analysis, however, of log data from a shallow clay-rich interval between 183 and 366 mbsf (600 and 1200 fbsf) yielded average gas hydrate saturations of about 20% from the resistivity log (locally 50-60%) and negligible amounts of gas hydrate from the P-wave velocity logs. Differences in saturations estimated between resistivity and P-wave velocities within the upper clay-rich interval are caused by the nature of the gas hydrate occurrences. In the case of the shallow clay-rich interval, gas hydrate fills vertical (or high angle) fractures in rather than filling pore space in sands. In this study, isotropic and anisotropic resistivity and velocity models are used to analyze the occurrence of gas hydrate within both the clay-rich and sand dominated gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs in the GC955-H well. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, M. W.; Collett, T. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lee, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mlee@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Energy Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; DOE FX We thank W. Waite and K. Lewis for their helpful comments and suggestions. This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Energy Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Data used in this paper were provided by the DOE sponsored Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purpose only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 62 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.08.002 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 960GJ UT WOS:000305375700005 ER PT J AU Cook, AE Anderson, BI Rasmus, J Sun, KL Li, QM Collett, TS Goldberg, DS AF Cook, Ann E. Anderson, Barbara I. Rasmus, John Sun, Keli Li, Qiming Collett, Timothy S. Goldberg, David S. TI Electrical anisotropy of gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate saturation; Electrical anisotropy; Sand reservoirs; Gulf of Mexico ID SEDIMENTS; PERMEABILITY; DEPOSITS AB We present new results and interpretations of the electrical anisotropy and reservoir architecture in gas hydrate-bearing sands using logging data collected during the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II. We focus specifically on sand reservoirs in Hole Alaminos Canyon 21 A (AC21-A), Hole Green Canyon 955 H (GC955-H) and Hole Walker Ridge 313 H (WR313-H). Using a new logging-while-drilling directional resistivity tool and a one-dimensional inversion developed by Schlumberger, we resolve the resistivity of the current flowing parallel to the bedding, R-parallel to and the resistivity of the current flowing perpendicular to the bedding, R-perpendicular to. We find the sand reservoir in Hole AC21-A to be relatively isotropic, with R-parallel to and R-perpendicular to values close to 2 Omega m. In contrast, the gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in Holes GC955-H and WR313-H are highly anisotropic. In these reservoirs, R-parallel to is between 2 and 30 Omega m, and R-perpendicular to is generally an order of magnitude higher. Using Schlumberger's WebMI models, we were able to replicate multiple resistivity measurements and determine the formation resistivity the gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoir in Hole WR313-H. The results showed that gas hydrate saturations within a single reservoir unit are highly variable. For example, the sand units in Hole WR313-H contain thin layers (on the order of 10-100 cm) with varying gas hydrate saturations between 15 and 95%. Our combined modeling results clearly indicate that the gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in Holes GC955-H and WR313-H are highly anisotropic due to varying saturations of gas hydrate forming in thin layers within larger sand units. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cook, Ann E.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Natl Res Council, Nat Energy Technol Lab, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Rasmus, John; Sun, Keli; Li, Qiming] Schlumberger, Sugar Land, TX USA. [Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cook, AE (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Natl Res Council, Nat Energy Technol Lab, 61 Rt 9 W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM acook@Ideo.columbia.edu RI Cook, Ann/D-8798-2013 OI Cook, Ann/0000-0002-5658-0329 FU US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FC26-05NT42248]; agency of the United States Government FX We would like to thank the members, planners, to chiefs and participants of the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II as well as Chevron and the US Department of Energy. The modeling for this paper would not have been possible without the collaboration of Schlumberger, and the use of their modeling software. This manuscript was improved by the helpful comments of R. Boswell and an anonymous reviewer. This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, while holding a National Research Council Research Associateship Award, under Award Number DE-FC26-05NT42248.; This manuscript was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.09.003 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 960GJ UT WOS:000305375700006 ER PT J AU Lee, MW Collett, TS Lewis, KA AF Lee, M. W. Collett, T. S. Lewis, K. A. TI Anisotropic models to account for large borehole washouts to estimate gas hydrate saturations in the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II Alaminos Canyon 21 B well SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate; Borehole correction; Anisotropic models; JIP leg II; Alaminos Canyon ID BEARING SEDIMENTS; VELOCITY; MIXTURES AB Through the use of 3-D seismic amplitude mapping, several gas hydrate prospects were identified in the Alaminos Canyon (AC) area of the Gulf of Mexico. Two locations were drilled as part of the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II (JIP Leg II) in May of 2009 and a comprehensive :,et of logging-while-drilling (LWD) logs were acquired at each well site. LWD logs indicated that resistivity in the range of similar to 2 ohm-m and P-wave velocity in the range of similar to 1.9 km/s were measured in the target sand interval between 515 and 645 feet below sea floor. These values were slightly elevated relative to those measured in the sediment above and below the target sand. However, the initial well log analysis was inconclusive regarding the presence of gas hydrate in the logged sand interval, mainly because large washouts caused by drilling in the target interval degraded confidence in the well log measurements. To assess gas hydrate saturations in the sedimentary section drilled in the Alaminos Canyon 21 B (AC21-B) well, a method of compensating for the effect of washouts on the resistivity and acoustic velocities was developed. The proposed method models the washed-out portion of the borehole as a vertical layer filled with sea water (drilling fluid) and the apparent anisotropic resistivity and velocities caused by a vertical layer are used to correct the measured log values. By incorporating the conventional marine seismic data into the well log analysis, the average gas hydrate saturation in the target sand section in the AC21-B well can be constrained to the range of 8-28%, with 20% being our best estimate. Published Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, M. W.; Collett, T. S.; Lewis, K. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lee, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mlee@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Energy Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; DOE FX We thank Gilles Guerin, Jeff Williams, W. Waite, and S. Haines for their helpful comments and suggestions. This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Energy Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Data used in this paper were provided by the DOE sponsored Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purpose only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.06.010 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 960GJ UT WOS:000305375700007 ER PT J AU Gallo, K Smith, T Jungbluth, K Schumacher, P AF Gallo, Kevin Smith, Travis Jungbluth, Karl Schumacher, Philip TI Hail Swaths Observed from Satellite Data and Their Relation to Radar and Surface-Based Observations: A Case Study from Iowa in 2009 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DAMAGE TRACKS; STORM AB Several storms produced extensive hail damage over Iowa on 9 August 2009. The hail associated with these supercells was observed with radar data, reported by surface observers, and the resulting hail swaths were identified within satellite data. This study includes an initial assessment of cross validation of several radar-derived products and surface observations with satellite data for this storm event. Satellite-derived vegetation index data appear to be a useful product for cross validation of surface-based reports and radar-derived products associated with severe hail damage events. Satellite imagery acquired after the storm event indicated that decreased vegetation index values corresponded to locations of surface reported damage. The areal extent of decreased vegetation index values also corresponded to the spatial extent of the storms as characterized by analysis of radar data. While additional analyses are required and encouraged, these initial results suggest that satellite data of vegetated land surfaces are useful for cross validation of surface and radar-based observations of hail swaths and associated severe weather. C1 [Gallo, Kevin] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Smith, Travis] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Smith, Travis] NOAA, NSSL, Norman, OK USA. [Jungbluth, Karl] NOAA, NWS, Des Moines Weather Forecast Off, Johnston, IA USA. [Schumacher, Philip] NOAA, NWS, Sioux Falls Weather Forecast Off, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Gallo, K (reprint author), USGS EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM kevin.p.gallo@noaa.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 FU NOAA GOES-R FX This study was partially supported by the NOAA GOES-R program. The manuscript's contents do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. government. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 796 EP 802 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00118.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960IV UT WOS:000305382100016 ER PT J AU Panday, S Langevin, CD AF Panday, Sorab Langevin, Christian D. TI Improving sub-grid scale accuracy of boundary features in regional finite-difference models SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Sub-grid scale; Regional models; Finite-difference ID LOCAL GRID REFINEMENT; SHARED NODES; ERRORS AB As an alternative to grid refinement, the concept of a ghost node, which was developed for nested grid applications, has been extended towards improving sub-grid scale accuracy of flow to conduits, wells, rivers or other boundary features that interact with a finite-difference groundwater flow model. The formulation is presented for correcting the regular finite-difference groundwater flow equations for confined and unconfined cases, with or without Newton Raphson linearization of the nonlinearities, to include the Ghost Node Correction (GNC) for location displacement. The correction may be applied on the right-hand side vector for a symmetric finite-difference Picard implementation, or on the left-hand side matrix for an implicit but asymmetric implementation. The finite-difference matrix connectivity structure may be maintained for an implicit implementation by only selecting contributing nodes that are a part of the finite-difference connectivity. Proof of concept example problems are provided to demonstrate the improved accuracy that may be achieved through sub-grid scale corrections using the GNC schemes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Panday, Sorab] AMEC Geomatrix Inc, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. [Langevin, Christian D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Panday, S (reprint author), AMEC Geomatrix Inc, 12801 Worldgate Dr,Suite 500, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. EM Sorab.Panday@amec.com; langevin@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 41 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.02.011 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 956SB UT WOS:000305108300005 ER PT J AU Bateman, HL Ostoja, SM AF Bateman, H. L. Ostoja, S. M. TI Invasive woody plants affect the composition of native lizard and small mammal communities in riparian woodlands SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE herpetofauna; insects; riparian; rodents; saltcedar (Tamarix); wildlife-habitat relations ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; UNITED-STATES; TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA; DESERT LIZARDS; VEGETATION; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; HABITATS AB Nonnative Tamarix spp. (saltcedar) is among the most invasive and common trees along riparian habitats in the western U S, impacting native plant communities and habitat quality. Tamarix dominance causes a reduction in habitat physiognomic heterogeneity in riparian habitats. Animal abundance, diversity and habitat associations in monotypic stands of saltcedar remain largely unexplored for non-avian communities. We sampled small vertebrate and ground arthropod communities in monotypic Tamarix stands and in mixed stands of Tamarix and native (Populus, Salix, and Prosopis spp.) trees in riparian habitats along the Virgin River in the Mojave Desert. Our survey of faunal communities suggests that many species of arthropods, reptiles and small mammals utilize both Tamarix-dominated and mixed habitats along the Virgin River. Small mammal and lizard communities were dominated by generalist species. Mixed stands had greater arthropod abundance, lizard abundance and small mammal diversity; whereas, monotypic and mixed stands had similar lizard diversity. The habitat of mixed sites was characterized by nativeness (areas with native riparian trees) and less shady exotic thickets (areas with Tamarix and high overstory cover) compared to Tamarix-dominated stands. There were species-specific responses to habitat physiognomy. Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) was associated with shady exotic thickets. Sceloporus magister (desert spiny lizard) and Neotoma lepida (desert woodrat) were associated with native trees and woody debris. Seven rodent and lizard species abundances were explained by habitat physiognomy variables. Rare and specialist species were more impacted by nonnative vegetation. These results contribute to the body of research on animal utilization of nonnative habitats and relation to habitat physiognomy. Management of nonnative plants should consider how control activities could impact habitat physiognomy and native animal communities in riparian habitat. C1 [Bateman, H. L.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Appl Sci & Math, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Ostoja, S. M.] US Geol Survey, Yosemite Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, El Portal, CA USA. RP Bateman, HL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Appl Sci & Math, Polytech Campus,6073 S Backus Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM heather.bateman@gmail.com FU Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics at Arizona State University at the Polytechnic campus; USGS FX We thank the Bureau of Land Management in Nevada and the Arizona Strip District, Clark County Public Works and private landowners for permitting access to study sites. We thank technicians Danny Nielsen, Steven Anderson, Michael Cleaver, Paul Maier and Jean Galang for collecting and processing field data, William Bubnis for helping install trap arrays and Michael Kuehn for GIS assistance. Permits issued were by the Arizona Game and Fish Department (No. 195230), Nevada Department of Wildlife (No. S32027), and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (No. 09-1051R). Funding for H. L. B. has come from the Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics at Arizona State University at the Polytechnic campus. Funding for S.M.O. was provided from the USGS national invasive species program. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. Matt Brooks and Pat Shafroth provided helpful comments on drafts of this manuscript. NR 60 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 105 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 3 BP 294 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00517.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 956VW UT WOS:000305118700013 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MH Hatfield, JS Laniawe, LP Vekasy, MS Klavitter, JL Berkowitz, P Crampton, LH Walters, JR AF Reynolds, M. H. Hatfield, J. S. Laniawe, L. P. Vekasy, M. S. Klavitter, J. L. Berkowitz, P. Crampton, L. H. Walters, J. R. TI Influence of space use on fitness and the reintroduction success of the Laysan teal SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Allee effect; Anas laysanensis; density dependence; Gompertz model; kernel estimators; Laysan duck; Midway Atoll; translocation ID HOME-RANGE; ANAS-LAYSANENSIS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; FLORIDA PANTHER; HABITAT USE; TRANSLOCATION; DISPERSAL; ISLAND; CONSERVATION; PHILOPATRY AB Translocation is an important tool for wildlife conservation and biodiversity restoration, but an inefficient one because of the unpredictability of success. Predictors of success such as habitat quality of the release site and number of individuals released have been identified, but the dynamics of successful translocations remain poorly understood. In particular, little is known about the relationship of individual post-release movements to population establishment. In 2004, Laysan teal Anas laysanensis were reintroduced by translocating 20 wild birds from Laysan Island to Midway Atoll. Twenty-two additional wild founders were brought the next year. We monitored the survival, reproductive success and movements of the 42 translocated individuals and their offspring for 4 years. Additionally, we monitored population size from 2004 to 2010. Unlike most translocations, we did not observe elevated post-release mortality despite flight-feather trimming to prevent immediate dispersal off-island: first year survival was >?90% and survival rates until 2009 were 0.65 +/- 0.08 for founding adults. Laysan teal flew between the two main islands of Midway Atoll, and offspring had significantly larger maximum movement distances than founders. We monitored 84 nests and observed a significant, negative relationship of home range size to productivity for founding females. Flightless founders did not show fidelity to their release sites, but had strong fidelity to annual home ranges after attaining flight. Although we observed a component Allee effect on mate-finding, this did not translate into a demographic Allee effect, and generally, the high fitness of founders contributed substantially to successful population establishment. Laysan teal abundance increased linearly until 2009, but showed evidence of population regulation afterwards. The population estimate was 473 (95% confidence interval 439-508) in 2010. On the much larger main Hawaiian Islands, we expect greater post-release movement, a stronger component Allee effect, lower survival and lower reproductive rates because of predation to preclude successful reintroductions of this species to sites without predator management. C1 [Reynolds, M. H.; Laniawe, L. P.; Vekasy, M. S.] US Geol Survey, Kilauea Field Stn, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Hatfield, J. S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Laniawe, L. P.; Klavitter, J. L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midway Atoll Natl Wildlife Refuge, Honolulu, HI USA. [Berkowitz, P.; Crampton, L. H.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. [Crampton, L. H.] Kauai Forest Birds Recovery Project, Hanapepe, HI USA. [Walters, J. R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Reynolds, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kilauea Field Stn, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM Michelle_Reynolds@usgs.gov FU PIERC (US Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center); USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; USFWS Pacific Island Office Ecological Services; USFWS Ecological Services; Pacific Coast Joint Venture; USGS; Friends of Midway Atoll NWR FX This research was made possible by funding from PIERC (US Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and USFWS Pacific Island Office Ecological Services, and dedicated field work by G. Schubert, J. H. Breeden Jr. and others. We thank temporary radio trackers L. Baldwin, B. Castler, P. Hart, K. Kozar, N. Seavy and R. Woodward, as well as H. Freifeld, N. Jarrett, A. Marshall, G. Schubert, T. Work and Chugach Industries Inc. contractors who provided assistance during the translocation and epizootic. We thank USFWS Refuge managers including J. Leinecke, B. Christenson, C. Rehkemper, D. Palawalski, M. Brown, B. Steiglitz and M. Johnson. K. Kozar and J. Breeden assisted with data management, and E. Tweed helped with ArcView. A. McClung, S. Nash and C. Krause assisted with early revisions, while F. Bonaccorso, E. Paxton and five anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of this manuscript. Radio transmitters were purchased with grants from USFWS Ecological Services, Pacific Coast Joint Venture, USGS Quick Response Grants, and Friends of Midway Atoll NWR. Logistical, staff, and in-kind support was provided by the USFWS Midway Atoll NWR. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 3 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00520.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 956VW UT WOS:000305118700014 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, AJ Marczak, LB AF Sepulveda, A. J. Marczak, L. B. TI Active dispersal of an aquatic invader determined by resource and flow conditions SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Experiment; Flow; Invasive; Movement; New Zealand mudsnail; Potamopyrgus antipodarum; Resource ID FRESH-WATER SNAIL; POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; MUD SNAIL; STREAM; HYDROBIIDAE; RESPONSES; MOVEMENT; JENKINSI; QUALITY; SPREAD AB New Zealand mudsnails (NZMS) have spread rapidly across the globe, but little is known about mechanisms that drive their secondary spread within invaded streams. We used a field experiment to test if upstream movement is a potential mechanism of spread and how this movement is modified by flow velocity and resource availability. We found that movement direction and rates were related to flow velocity, while resource availability influenced movement frequency. In slow-flow treatments, individuals moved upstream at rates approaching 3 m/h. In fast-flow treatments, many individuals were dislodged downstream and upstream movement rates were less than 2 m/h. In low-resource treatments, individuals were more likely to move away from their initial starting locations. We suggest that upstream movement may be important in establishing new populations within local invasions and that increases in flow velocity may be an effective means to slow upstream spread. The surprisingly fast movements that we recorded predict greater distribution of NZMS within invaded streams than has actually occurred, which suggests that factors in addition to movement rate limit population spread. C1 [Sepulveda, A. J.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Marczak, L. B.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUN PY 2012 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1201 EP 1209 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0149-x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958ZB UT WOS:000305278400009 ER PT J AU Ringler, AT Edwards, JD Hutt, CR Shelly, F AF Ringler, A. T. Edwards, J. D. Hutt, C. R. Shelly, F. TI Relative azimuth inversion by way of damped maximum correlation estimates SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Seismometer orientation; Seismic instrumentation AB Horizontal seismic data are utilized in a large number of Earth studies. Such work depends on the published orientations of the sensitive axes of seismic sensors relative to true North. These orientations can be estimated using a number of different techniques: SensOrLoc (Sensitivity, Orientation and Location), comparison to synthetics (Ekstrom and Busby, 2008), or by way of magnetic compass. Current methods for finding relative station azimuths are unable to do so with arbitrary precision quickly because of limitations in the algorithms (e.g. grid search methods). Furthermore, in order to determine instrument orientations during station visits, it is critical that any analysis software be easily run on a large number of different computer platforms and the results be obtained quickly while on site. We developed a new technique for estimating relative sensor azimuths by inverting for the orientation with the maximum correlation to a reference instrument, using a non-linear parameter estimation routine. By making use of overlapping windows, we are able to make multiple azimuth estimates, which helps to identify the confidence of our azimuth estimate, even when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low. Finally, our algorithm has been written as a stand-alone, platform independent, Java software package with a graphical user interface for reading and selecting data segments to be analyzed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ringler, A. T.; Edwards, J. D.; Hutt, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Shelly, F.] Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. RP Ringler, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. EM aringler@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation; GEO Directorate through National Science Foundation [EAR-0552316] FX The IRIS DMS is funded through the National Science Foundation and specifically the GEO Directorate through the Instrumentation and Facilities Program of the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-0552316. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 43 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.02.025 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 957YH UT WOS:000305202500001 ER PT J AU Bohnsack, BL Essig, RJ Curry, RL Nygren, DD AF Bohnsack, Brian L. Essig, Ronald J. Curry, Robert L. Nygren, Douglas D. TI A 75th Anniversary Must-Do SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bohnsack, Brian L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22192 USA. [Essig, Ronald J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wildlife & Sport Fish Restorat Program NE Reg, Hadley, MA USA. [Curry, Robert L.] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Raleigh, NC USA. [Nygren, Douglas D.] Kansas Dept Wildlife Pk & Tourism, Pratt, KS USA. RP Bohnsack, BL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22192 USA. EM brian_bohnsack@fws.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2012 VL 37 IS 6 BP 269 EP 270 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.687275 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 958RI UT WOS:000305257700004 ER PT J AU Batts, WN Goodwin, AE Winton, JR AF Batts, William N. Goodwin, Andrew E. Winton, James R. TI Genetic analysis of a novel nidovirus from fathead minnows SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; RHABDOVIRUS; FISH AB A bacilliform virus was isolated from diseased fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Analysis of the complete genome coding for the polyprotein (pp1ab), spike (S), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins revealed that the virus was most like white bream virus (WBV), another bacilliform virus isolated from white bream (Blicca bjoerkna L.) and the type species of the genus Bafinivirus within the order Nidovirales. In addition to similar gene order and size, alignment of deduced amino acid sequences of the pp1ab, M, N and S proteins of the fathead minnow nidovirus (FHMNV) with those of WBV showed 46, 44, 39 and 15% identities, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using the conserved helicase domain of the replicase showed FHMNV was distinct from WBV, yet the closest relative identified to date. Thus, FHMNV appears to represent a second species in the genus Bafinivirus. A PCR assay was developed for the identification of future FHMNV-like isolates. C1 [Batts, William N.; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Goodwin, Andrew E.] Univ Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Batts, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bbatts@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey FX We thank Raoul de Groot of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht for providing the latest information on nidovirus taxonomy, Gael Kurath of the USGS Western Fisheries Research Center for her insights into phylogenetic analyses, Janet Warg of the USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratories for helpful discussions, and Journal of General Virology's Editor John Ziebuhr of The Queen's University of Belfast and two anonymous reviewers for important suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. Additional isolates of FHMNV were kindly provided by David Thompson of the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and Kathy Kurth of the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. This work was funded by the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 93 BP 1247 EP 1252 DI 10.1099/vir.0.041210-0 PN 6 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 960AR UT WOS:000305360900009 PM 22422065 ER PT J AU Rose, C Abraham, J Harkins, D Miller, R Morris, M Zacher, L Meehan, R Szema, A Tolle, J King, M Jackson, D Lewis, J Stahl, A Lyles, MB Hodgson, M Teichman, R Salihi, W Matwiyoff, G Meeker, G Mormon, S Bird, K Baird, C AF Rose, Cecile Abraham, Joseph Harkins, Deanna Miller, Robert Morris, Michael Zacher, Lisa Meehan, Richard Szema, Anthony Tolle, James King, Matthew Jackson, David Lewis, John Stahl, Andrea Lyles, Mark B. Hodgson, Michael Teichman, Ronald Salihi, Walid Matwiyoff, Gregory Meeker, Gregory Mormon, Suzette Bird, Kathryn Baird, Coleen TI Overview and Recommendations for Medical Screening and Diagnostic Evaluation for Postdeployment Lung Disease in Returning US Warfighters SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; AFGHANISTAN; IRAQ; BRONCHIOLITIS; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; IMPACT AB Objective: To review inhalational exposures and respiratory disease risks in US military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan and to develop consensus recommendations for medical screening and diagnostic referral. Methods: A Working Group of physicians and exposure scientists from academia and from the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs was convened in February 2010. Results: Despite uncertainty about the number of people affected and risk factors for adverse pulmonary outcomes in this occupational setting, the Working Group recommended: (1) standardized approaches to pre-and postdeployment medical surveillance; (2) criteria for medical referral and diagnosis; and (3) case definitions for major deployment-related lung diseases. Conclusions: There is a need for targeted, practical medical surveillance for lung diseases and for a standardized diagnostic approach for all symptomatic deployed personnel. C1 [Rose, Cecile; Meehan, Richard; Bird, Kathryn] Natl Jewish Hlth, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Univ Colorado Denver, Denver, CO USA. [Abraham, Joseph; Harkins, Deanna; Baird, Coleen] USA, Publ Hlth Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Miller, Robert; Tolle, James; King, Matthew] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Morris, Michael; Zacher, Lisa] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Szema, Anthony; Salihi, Walid] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Northport, NY USA. [Jackson, David; Lewis, John; Stahl, Andrea] USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Lyles, Mark B.] USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. [Hodgson, Michael] Dept Vet Affairs, VHA, Off Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teichman, Ronald] Dept Vet Affairs, VA New Jersey Hlth Care Syst, War Related Illness & Injury Study Ctr, E Orange, NJ USA. [Matwiyoff, Gregory] Navy Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Meeker, Gregory; Mormon, Suzette] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rose, C (reprint author), Natl Jewish Hlth, Dept Med, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. EM rosec@njhealth.org RI Meehan, Richard/B-5556-2012 FU Department of Defense FX Author Rose received a Department of Defense grant in 2011; she receives royalties from a contribution to a chapter in an online journal on silicosis. She and her coauthors have no relationships/conditions/circumstances that present potential conflict of interest. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 54 IS 6 SI SI BP 746 EP 751 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31825297ba PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 957MA UT WOS:000305165900014 PM 22588477 ER PT J AU Pagel, JE Sharpe, PB Garcelon, DK Little, AE Taylor, SK Faulkner, KR Gorbics, CS AF Pagel, Joel E. Sharpe, Peter B. Garcelon, David K. Little, Annie E. Taylor, Sharon K. Faulkner, Kate R. Gorbics, Carol S. TI EXPOSURE OF BALD EAGLES TO LEAD ON THE NORTHERN CHANNEL ISLANDS, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; California Channel Islands; contaminants; lead exposure; lead ammunition; metal ID AMMUNITION SOURCES; ELEMENTS; BIRDS; BONE AB Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) were one of the upper-trophic-level avian predators on the Channel Islands, California, prior to their extirpation by 1960 caused in part by large amounts of DDT discharged into the Southern California Bight. From 2002 to 2006, 61 Bald Eagles were reintroduced onto the northern Channel Islands, as part of a 5-yr feasibility study conducted under the auspices of the Montrose Settlement Restoration Program. In December 2005, a yearling Bald Eagle female was found on Santa Rosa Island with a broken wing and elevated lead levels in her blood of 52.2 ug/dl (0.522 ppm). This incident raised concerns that lead poisoning could be a potential threat to the restoration effort and prompted further investigation. Femurs from five female and two male Bald Eagles reintroduced to the northern Channel Islands were collected postmortem for analyses of lead and other metals. Lead levels detected in femurs of these birds ranged from 0.2 to 55.0 ppm (dry weight). Lead levels in liver were also determined for two of the seven Bald Eagles. Analysis of Bald Eagle movement data from satellite telemetry transmitters suggested that eagles that spent the most time on Santa Rosa Island had the highest lead levels. The results of this study suggested that spent ammunition containing lead found in carrion (offal and entire carcasses) from deer and elk hunting on Santa Rosa Island may have been a primary source of contamination. The on-island hunt program converted to nontoxic bullets in 2007 and ended in late 2011. C1 [Pagel, Joel E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Recovery Branch, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Sharpe, Peter B.; Garcelon, David K.] Inst Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. [Little, Annie E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Div, Ventura, CA 93011 USA. [Faulkner, Kate R.] Natl Pk Serv, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. [Taylor, Sharon K.] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gorbics, Carol S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Environm Contaminants Div, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. RP Pagel, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Recovery Branch, 6010 Hidden Valley Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. EM annie_little@fws.gov FU Montrose Settlements Restoration Program; Channel Islands National Park; Nature Conservancy; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Ventura County Office of Education FX We appreciate the support given to Bald Eagle restoration by the Montrose Settlements Restoration Program, Channel Islands National Park, The Nature Conservancy, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Ventura County Office of Education. D. Rempel and J. Dooley were helpful in collecting samples in the field. K. Zeeman, J. Gibson, E. Luciani, S. Sobiech, B. Bridges, G. Wallace, R. Nagel, and T. McKinney assisted with review and collecting background material for this study. We also thank J. Linthicum and P.H. Bloom for their informal review of earlier drafts of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 55 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 168 EP 176 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 959LF UT WOS:000305313200003 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JF Roman, DC Dixon, JP Power, JA Arnold, R AF O'Brien, John F. Roman, Diana C. Dixon, James P. Power, John A. Arnold, Richard TI Multiple causes for non-eruptive seismic swarms at Mt. Martin, Katmai Volcanic Cluster, Alaska (2004-2008) SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE VT earthquakes; Mt. Martin; Stress field; Katmai; Fault-plane solutions; Dike intrusion; Directional statistics ID FAULT-PLANE SOLUTIONS; REGIONAL STRESS TENSOR; FOCAL MECHANISM DATA; EARTHQUAKE SWARMS; NATIONAL-PARK; REDOUBT VOLCANO; ORIENTATION; WASHINGTON; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION AB In January 2006, the Alaska Volcano Observatory recorded a non-eruptive swarm of over 778 volcanotectonic (VT) earthquakes in the Katmai Volcanic Cluster (KVC), Alaska. The swarm earthquakes have estimated hypocentral depths of 0-3 km below sea level (BSL) immediately below the summit of Mt. Martin volcano. In an effort to determine the cause of this swarm, we calculated 134 double-couple fault plane solutions (FPS) for a pre-swarm period (Jan 2004-Dec 2005), the swarm period (January 2006), and a post-swarm period (Feb 2006-Dec 2008), and examined temporal changes in FPS orientations using directional statistical analysis. Statistical tests of uniformity indicate that FPS orientations were heterogeneous during the pre-swarm period, and homogeneous during the 2006 swarm. 3D tests on P- and T-axis orientation data also indicate that FPS homogeneity may have persisted during the post-swarm period. Best-fit axial Von Mises distributions indicate a strongly preferred NNE-SSW P-axis azimuth for swarm FPS, and a NW-SE mean P-axis azimuth for the pre- and post-swarm period FPS. The NW-SE background P-axis azimuth is approximately parallel to regional maximum compressive stress along the northern segment of the Aleutian arc. Thus, we find evidence for a temporary similar to 90 degrees reorientation of FPS P-axes during the 2006 swarm, and suggest that the change in FPS orientation may be indicative of intrusion of a shallow, small-volume magma- or fluid-filled dike beneath Mt. Martin in early 2006. In contrast, FPS for VT earthquakes comprising minor swarms in 2007 and 2008 indicate only normal faulting, suggesting a fundamentally different causative process from the major 2006 swarm. Our results demonstrate that the VT earthquake swarms which are a common occurrence in the KVC may be caused by several processes, including magma intrusion, tectonic activity, and hydrothermal fluid circulation: and highlight the need for increased monitoring and analysis during future periods of geophysical unrest. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Brien, John F.; Roman, Diana C.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Dixon, James P.] US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Power, John A.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Arnold, Richard] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Math Stat & Operat Res, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. RP O'Brien, JF (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM jobrien@mail.usf.edu FU NSF [EAR-0809823] FX We would like to thank Stephanie Prejean, Arthur Jolly, Mike West, Seth Moran, and Rachel Murphy for providing data and feedback on the project as well as Tom Parker for computer assistance. We would also like to thank the entire staff of the Alaska Volcano Observatory, the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska, Fair-banks and the Volcanology Group at the University of South Florida. This project was funded by NSF EAR-0809823 to D.C. Roman and J.A. Power. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 229 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.03.011 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 959JU UT WOS:000305309500002 ER PT J AU Spice, EK Goodman, DH Reid, SB Docker, MF AF Spice, Erin K. Goodman, Damon H. Reid, Stewart B. Docker, Margaret F. TI Neither philopatric nor panmictic: microsatellite and mtDNA evidence suggests lack of natal homing but limits to dispersal in Pacific lamprey SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anadromy; Entosphenus; microsatellite; Pacific lamprey; philopatry; population structure ID ENTOSPHENUS-TRIDENTATUS PETROMYZONTIDAE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SEA LAMPREY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LOCAL ADAPTATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB Most species with lengthy migrations display some degree of natal homing; some (e.g. migratory birds and anadromous salmonids) show spectacular feats of homing. However, studies of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) indicate that this anadromous species locates spawning habitat based on pheromonal cues from larvae rather than through philopatry. Previous genetic studies in the anadromous Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) have both supported and rejected the hypothesis of natal homing. To resolve this, we used nine microsatellite loci to examine the population structure in 965 Pacific lamprey from 20 locations from central British Columbia to southern California and supplemented this analysis with mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on a subset of 530 lamprey. Microsatellite analysis revealed (i) relatively low but often statistically significant genetic differentiation among locations (97% pairwise FST values were <0.04 but 73.7% were significant); and (ii) weak but significant isolation by distance (r2 = 0.0565, P = 0.0450) but no geographic clustering of samples. The few moderate FST values involved comparisons with sites that were geographically distant or far upstream. The mtDNA analysisalthough providing less resolution among sites (only 4.7%FST values were significant)was broadly consistent with the microsatellite results: (i) the southernmost site and some sites tributary to the Salish Sea were genetically distinct; and (ii) southern sites showed higher haplotype and private haplotype richness. These results are inconsistent with philopatry, suggesting that anadromous lampreys are unusual among species with long migrations, but suggest that limited dispersal at sea precludes panmixia in this species. C1 [Spice, Erin K.; Docker, Margaret F.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Goodman, Damon H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Reid, Stewart B.] Western Fishes, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Docker, MF (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM dockerm@cc.umanitoba.ca FU NSERC; USFWS FX This study was funded by NSERC and USFWS. Samples were kindly provided by Richard Bussanich (LGL Limited), Benjamin Clemens (Oregon State University), John Crandall (Wild Fish Conservancy), Mike Galesloot (Shuswap Nation Fisheries Commission), Gregory Silver (USFWS), Eric Taylor (University of British Columbia) and Tim Whitesel (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). Thanks are extended to Stephanie Backhouse, Les Harris and Craig McFarlane for help with analysis and to the reviewers whose suggestions greatly improved the article. NR 75 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2916 EP 2930 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05585.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 953WC UT WOS:000304903100011 PM 22564149 ER PT J AU Wolter, PT Berkley, EA Peckham, SD Singh, A Townsend, PA AF Wolter, P. T. Berkley, E. A. Peckham, S. D. Singh, A. Townsend, P. A. TI Exploiting tree shadows on snow for estimating forest basal area using Landsat data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest basal area; Landsat; Multi-temporal; Winter; Snow cover; Tree shadows; Shadow area difference; Sun elevation angle; Partial least squares regression; Oak savanna ID LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; REMOTELY-SENSED IMAGERY; THEMATIC MAPPER; STAND DENSITY; BOREAL FOREST; CROWN SIZE; QUICKBIRD IMAGERY; HARDWOOD FORESTS; TROPICAL FORESTS; CANOPY NITROGEN AB Basal area (BA) is a basic structural and ecological attribute of forests that is often used to describe forest composition, estimate volume of wood, and guide management decisions. BA is the sum of cross-sectional area of trees measured at 1.37 m above ground surface, per unit area, and is most commonly measured in-situ. The objective of this study was to supply estimates of BA for oak woodlands and savannas on the 12,828.5 ha Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge in Central Minnesota to guide management efforts. We used winter and summer Landsat imagery, combined with field measurements, to assess the potential for improving forest BA estimates by taking advantage of the high spectral contrast between sunlit snow, forest canopy elements, and shadows projected onto snow ground cover. We explained up to 90% of measured variation in BA using partial least squares regression models calibrated using single- and multiple-date winter Landsat data (R-2 = 0.898, RMSE = 2.79 m(2)ha(-1)), which performed better than models calibrated using summer imagery (R-2 = 0.762, RMSE = 3.85 m(2)ha(-1)). Success of the winter-based BA models may be driven, in part, by potential geometric/allometric relationships between cast shadow and forest BA, but definitive proof of this is a topic for future research. This method of BA estimation is not refuge-specific and may be extended for regional use to manage oak forest wherever winter snow coverage is consistent. Additional research is needed to determine the degree of robustness to variations in the empirical relationship between BA and tree shading patterns across different forest functional types. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wolter, P. T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Berkley, E. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Zimmerman, MN 55398 USA. [Wolter, P. T.; Peckham, S. D.; Singh, A.; Townsend, P. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wolter, PT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ptwolter@iastate.edu RI Singh, Aditya/I-3628-2013; Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008 OI Singh, Aditya/0000-0001-5559-9151; Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology at the University of Wisconsin FX This research was supported by funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, as well as fellowship support from the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology at the University of Wisconsin. We would also like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 101 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 121 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.008 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 955WN UT WOS:000305051700007 ER PT J AU Selkowitz, DJ Green, G Peterson, B Wylie, B AF Selkowitz, David J. Green, Gordon Peterson, Birgit Wylie, Bruce TI A multi-sensor lidar, multi-spectral and multi-angular approach for mapping canopy height in boreal forest regions SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MISR; MODIS; GLAS; Canopy height mapping; Boreal forest ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; MULTIANGULAR MISR; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; LAND-COVER; ALASKA; RETRIEVAL; ECOSYSTEM AB Spatially explicit representations of vegetation canopy height over large regions are necessary for a wide variety of inventory, monitoring, and modeling activities. Although airborne lidar data has been successfully used to develop vegetation canopy height maps in many regions, for vast, sparsely populated regions such as the boreal forest biome, airborne lidar is not widely available. An alternative approach to canopy height mapping in areas where airborne lidar data is limited is to use spaceborne lidar measurements in combination with multiangular and multi-spectral remote sensing data to produce comprehensive canopy height maps for the entire region. This study uses spaceborne lidar data from the Geosciences Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) as training data for regression tree models that incorporate multi-angular and multi-spectral data from the Multi-Angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) to map vegetation canopy height across a 1,300,000 km(2) swath of boreal forest in Interior Alaska. Results are compared to in situ height measurements as well as airborne lidar data. Although many of the GLAS-derived canopy height estimates are inaccurate, applying a series of filters incorporating both data associated with the GLAS shots as well as ancillary data such as land cover can identify the majority of height estimates with significant errors, resulting in a filtered dataset with much higher accuracy. Results from the regression tree models indicate that late winter MISR imagery acquired under snow-covered conditions is effective for mapping canopy heights ranging from 5 to 15 m, which includes the vast majority of forests in the region. It appears that neither MISR nor MODIS imagery acquired during the growing season is effective for canopy height mapping, although including summer multi-spectral MODIS data along with winter MISR imagery does appear to provide a slight increase in the accuracy of resulting height maps. The finding that winter, snow-covered MISR imagery can be used to map canopy height is important because clear sky days are nearly three times as common during the late winter period as during the growing season. The increased odds of acquiring cloud-free imagery during the target acquisition period make regularly updated forest height inventories for Interior Alaska much more feasible. A major advantage of the GIAS-MISR-MODIS canopy height mapping methodology described here is that this approach uses only data that is freely available worldwide, making the approach potentially applicable across the entire circumpolar boreal forest region. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Green, Gordon] CUNY, New York, NY USA. [Peterson, Birgit; Wylie, Bruce] USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM dselkowitz@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU US Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) program FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) program. The authors thank Theresa Taylor and Greg Durocher for assistance with collection of canopy height data. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 121 BP 458 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.020 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 955WN UT WOS:000305051700038 ER PT J AU Hoy, M Boese, BL Taylor, L Reusser, D Rodriguez, R AF Hoy, Marshal Boese, Bruce L. Taylor, Louise Reusser, Deborah Rodriguez, Rusty TI Salinity adaptation of the invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) in the Columbia River estuary (Pacific Northwest, USA): physiological and molecular studies SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gastropod; Invasive species; Columbia River; Salinity; Mitochondrial DNA ID FRESH-WATER SNAIL; HYDROBIIDAE; TOXICITY; PARTHENOGENESIS; ACCLIMATION; TOLERANCE; MOLLUSCA; SUCCESS; LAKES; GRAY AB In this study, we examine salinity stress tolerances of two populations of the invasive species New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, one population from a high salinity environment in the Columbia River estuary and the other from a fresh water lake. In 1996, New Zealand mud snails were discovered in the tidal reaches of the Columbia River estuary that is routinely exposed to salinity at near full seawater concentrations. In contrast, in their native habitat and throughout its spread in the western US, New Zealand mud snails are found only in fresh water ecosystems. Our aim was to determine whether the Columbia River snails have become salt water adapted. Using a modification of the standard amphipod sediment toxicity test, salinity tolerance was tested using a range of concentrations up to undiluted seawater, and the snails were sampled for mortality at daily time points. Our results show that the Columbia River snails were more tolerant of acute salinity stress with the LC50 values averaging 38 and 22 Practical Salinity Units for the Columbia River and freshwater snails, respectively. DNA sequence analysis and morphological comparisons of individuals representing each population indicate that they were all P. antipodarum. These results suggest that this species is salt water adaptable and in addition, this investigation helps elucidate the potential of this aquatic invasive organism to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. C1 [Hoy, Marshal; Rodriguez, Rusty] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Taylor, Louise] NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport Duty Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rodriguez, Rusty] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hoy, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mhoy@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s10452-012-9396-x PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 951AU UT WOS:000304693800009 ER PT J AU Boyd, OS AF Boyd, Oliver S. TI Including Foreshocks and Aftershocks in Time-Independent Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Analyses SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; GROUND-MOTION; MADRID EARTHQUAKES; RESPONSE SPECTRA; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDES; CHARLESTON; PERIODS; MOMENT; DECAY AB Time-independent probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis treats each source as being temporally and spatially independent; hence foreshocks and aftershocks, which are both spatially and temporally dependent on the mainshock, are removed from earthquake catalogs. Yet, intuitively, these earthquakes should be considered part of the seismic hazard, capable of producing damaging ground motions. In this study, I consider the mainshock and its dependents as a time-independent cluster, each cluster being temporally and spatially independent from any other. The cluster has a recurrence time of the mainshock; and, by considering the earthquakes in the cluster as a union of events, dependent events have an opportunity to contribute to seismic ground motions and hazard. Based on the methods of the U. S. Geological Survey for a high-hazard site, the inclusion of dependent events causes ground motions that are exceeded at probability levels of engineering interest to increase by about 10% but could be as high as 20% if variations in aftershock productivity can be accounted for reliably. C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Boyd, OS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3876 Cent Ave,Suite 2, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. OI Boyd, Oliver/0000-0001-9457-0407 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 BP 909 EP 917 DI 10.1785/0120110008 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 953LY UT WOS:000304870500001 ER PT J AU Aagaard, BT Lienkaemper, JJ Schwartz, DP AF Aagaard, Brad T. Lienkaemper, James J. Schwartz, David P. TI Probabilistic Estimates of Surface Coseismic Slip and Afterslip for Hayward Fault Earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SUPERSTITION HILLS FAULT; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 24 NOVEMBER 1987; 2004 PARKFIELD; SEISMIC-HAZARD; GEODETIC DATA; CALIFORNIA; DISPLACEMENT; CREEPMETERS; SUBSEQUENT AB We examine the partition of long-term geologic slip on the Hayward fault into interseismic creep, coseismic slip, and afterslip. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compute expected coseismic slip and afterslip at three alinement array sites for Hayward fault earthquakes with nominal moment magnitudes ranging from about 6.5 to 7.1. We consider how interseismic creep might affect the coseismic slip distribution as well as the variability in locations of large and small slip patches and the magnitude of an earthquake for a given rupture area. We calibrate the estimates to be consistent with the ratio of interseismic creep rate at the alinement array sites to the geologic slip rate for the Hayward fault. We find that the coseismic slip at the surface is expected to comprise only a small fraction of the long-term geologic slip. The median values of coseismic slip are less than 0.2 m in nearly all cases as a result of the influence of interseismic creep and afterslip. However, afterslip makes a substantial contribution to the long-term geologic slip and may be responsible for up to 0.5-1.5 m (median plus one standard deviation [S.D.]) of additional slip following an earthquake rupture. Thus, utility and transportation infrastructure could be severely impacted by afterslip in the hours and days following a large earthquake on the Hayward fault that generated little coseismic slip. Inherent spatial variability in earthquake slip combined with the uncertainty in how interseismic creep affects coseismic slip results in large uncertainties in these slip estimates. C1 [Aagaard, Brad T.; Lienkaemper, James J.; Schwartz, David P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Aagaard, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833 FU Bay Area Rapid Transit; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Thomas Hanks and Jessica Murray-Moraleda for careful reviews of the paper and Tracy Johnson, Tom Horton, Steve Thompson, Keith Kelson, and Dan O'Connell for feedback throughout the course of this study. This work was funded by Bay Area Rapid Transit and the Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 BP 961 EP 979 DI 10.1785/0120110200 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 953LY UT WOS:000304870500005 ER PT J AU Fumal, TE AF Fumal, Thomas E. TI Timing of Large Earthquakes during the Past 500 Years along the Santa Cruz Mountains Segment of the San Andreas Fault at Mill Canyon, near Watsonville, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY AREA; RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; HAYWARD FAULT; LOMA-PRIETA; C-14 DATA; REEVALUATION; WRIGHTWOOD; PROGRAM; POLLEN; SLIP AB A paleoseismic investigation across the Santa Cruz Mountains section of the San Andreas fault at Mill Canyon indicates that four surface-rupturing earthquakes have occurred there during the past similar to 500 years. At this site, right-lateral fault slip has moved a low shutter ridge across the mouth of the canyon, ponding latest Holocene sediments. These alluvial deposits are deformed along a narrow zone of faulting. There is excellent evidence for a 1906 (M 7.8) and three earlier earthquakes consisting of well-developed fissures, scarps, and colluvial wedges. Deformation resulting from the earlier earthquakes is comparable to that from 1906, suggesting they also were large-magnitude events. The earthquake prior to 1906 occurred either about A. D. 1750 (1711-1770) or A. D. 1855 (1789-1904), depending on assumptions incorporated into two alternative OxCal models. If the later age range is correct, then the earthquake may have been a historical early-to-mid-nineteenth-century earthquake, possibly the A. D. 1838 earthquake. Both models are viable, and there is no way to select one over the other with the available data. Two earlier earthquakes occurred about A. D. 1690 (1660-1720) and A. D. 1522 (1454-1605). Using OxCal, recalculation of the age of the reported penultimate earthquake reported from the Grizzly Flat site, located about 10 km northwest of Mill Canyon, indicates it occurred about A. D. 1105-1545, earlier than any of the past three earthquakes, and possibly correlates to the fourth earthquake at Mill Canyon. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fumal, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1099 EP 1119 DI 10.1785/0120110161 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 953LY UT WOS:000304870500014 ER PT J AU Stefanova, L Misra, V Chan, SV Griffin, M O'Brien, JJ Smith, TJ AF Stefanova, Lydia Misra, Vasubandhu Chan, Steven Griffin, Melissa O'Brien, James J. Smith, Thomas J., III TI A proxy for high-resolution regional reanalysis for the Southeast United States: assessment of precipitation variability in dynamically downscaled reanalyses SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Southeast US; Precipitation; Hydroclimate; Diurnal variability; Seasonal variability; Dynamical downscaling; Reanalysis ID 57-YEAR CALIFORNIA REANALYSIS; 10 KM CARD10; MODEL; PREDICTION; PATTERNS; FLORIDA AB We present an analysis of the seasonal, subseasonal, and diurnal variability of rainfall from COAPS Land-Atmosphere Regional Reanalysis for the Southeast at 10-km resolution (CLARReS10). Most of our assessment focuses on the representation of summertime subseasonal and diurnal variability. Summer precipitation in the Southeast United States is a particularly challenging modeling problem because of the variety of regional-scale phenomena, such as sea breeze, thunderstorms and squall lines, which are not adequately resolved in coarse atmospheric reanalyses but contribute significantly to the hydrological budget over the region. We find that the dynamically downscaled reanalyses are in good agreement with station and gridded observations in terms of both the relative seasonal distribution and the diurnal structure of precipitation, although total precipitation amounts tend to be systematically overestimated. The diurnal cycle of summer precipitation in the downscaled reanalyses is in very good agreement with station observations and a clear improvement both over their "parent" reanalyses and over newer-generation reanalyses. The seasonal cycle of precipitation is particularly well simulated in the Florida; this we attribute to the ability of the regional model to provide a more accurate representation of the spatial and temporal structure of finer-scale phenomena such as fronts and sea breezes. Over the northern portion of the domain summer precipitation in the downscaled reanalyses remains, as in the "parent" reanalyses, overestimated. Given the degree of success that dynamical downscaling of reanalyses demonstrates in the simulation of the characteristics of regional precipitation, its favorable comparison to conventional newer-generation reanalyses and its cost-effectiveness, we conclude that for the Southeast United states such downscaling is a viable proxy for high-resolution conventional reanalysis. C1 [Stefanova, Lydia; Misra, Vasubandhu; Chan, Steven; Griffin, Melissa; O'Brien, James J.] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Misra, Vasubandhu] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Chan, Steven] Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Chan, Steven] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Stefanova, L (reprint author), Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM lstefanova@fsu.edu RI stefanova, lydia/B-2759-2013 FU NOAA; USDA CREES; USGS FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to Dr. Kei Yoshimura for his assistance with the RSM model, Ms. Lauren Moeller for her help with data aggregation and storage, Ms. Kathy Fearon for her editorial comments, Dr. David Sumner and three anonymous reviewers whose helpful comments and thoughtful critique of the manuscript have significantly improved it, and The Florida State University shared High-Performance Computing facility and staff for providing computational resources for this study. The CPC Daily US Unified Precipitation and NCEP-DOE Reanalysis II data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/; PRISM monthly precipitation was provided by the PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University from their website at http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu; ECMWF-ERA40 Reanalysis data were provided by the ECMWF from their data server at http://data.ecmwf.int.MERRA data were made available by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) and the GES DISC. Funding for this project was provided by grants from NOAA, USDA CREES and USGS. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 11-12 BP 2449 EP 2466 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1230-y PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951BS UT WOS:000304696300020 ER PT J AU Ingebritsen, SE Appold, MS AF Ingebritsen, S. E. Appold, M. S. TI The Physical Hydrogeology of Ore Deposits SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST MISSOURI DISTRICT; MULTIPHASE FLUID-FLOW; LEAD-ZINC DEPOSITS; NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; RIDGE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; REGIONAL GROUNDWATER-FLOW; COPPER-MOLYBDENUM DEPOSIT; CANADA SEDIMENTARY BASIN; ZN-PB DEPOSITS; W 6.3 LAQUILA AB Hydrothermal ore deposits represent a convergence of fluid flow, thermal energy, and solute flux that is hydrogeologically unusual. From the hydrogeologic perspective, hydrothermal ore deposition represents a complex coupled-flow problem sufficiently complex that physically rigorous description of the coupled thermal (T), hydraulic (H), mechanical (M), and chemical (C) processes (THMC modeling) continues to challenge our computational ability. Though research into these coupled behaviors has found only a limited subset to be quantitatively tractable, it has yielded valuable insights into the workings of hydrothermal systems in a wide range of geologic environments including sedimentary, metamorphic, and magmatic. Examples of these insights include the quantification of likely driving mechanisms, rates and paths of fluid flow, ore-mineral precipitation mechanisms, longevity of hydrothermal systems, mechanisms by which hydrothermal fluids acquire their temperature and composition, and the controlling influence of permeability and other rock properties on hydrothermal fluid behavior. In this communication we review some of the fundamental theory needed to characterize the physical hydrogeology of hydrothermal systems and discuss how this theory has been applied in studies of Mississippi Valley-type, tabular uranium, porphyry, epithermal, and mid-ocean ridge ore-forming systems. A key limitation in the computational state-of-the-art is the inability to describe fluid flow and transport fully in the many ore systems that show evidence of repeated shear or tensional failure with associated dynamic variations in permeability. However, we discuss global-scale compilations that suggest some numerical constraints on both mean and dynamically enhanced crustal permeability. Principles of physical hydrogeology can be powerful tools for investigating hydrothermal ore formation and are becoming increasingly accessible with ongoing advances in modeling software. C1 [Ingebritsen, S. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Appold, M. S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM seingebr@usgs.gov NR 270 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 42 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD JUN-JUL PY 2012 VL 107 IS 4 BP 559 EP 584 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 950IG UT WOS:000304642200001 ER PT J AU He, R Wooller, MJ Pohlman, JW Catranis, C Quensen, J Tiedje, JM Leigh, MB AF He, Ruo Wooller, Matthew J. Pohlman, John W. Catranis, Catharine Quensen, John Tiedje, James M. Leigh, Mary Beth TI Identification of functionally active aerobic methanotrophs in sediments from an arctic lake using stable isotope probing SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PARTICULATE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY-ACIDS; LANDFILL COVER SOILS; ACIDOPHILIC BACTERIUM; GEN. NOV.; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; FOREST SOIL AB Arctic lakes are a significant source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4), but the role that methane oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) play in limiting the overall CH4 flux is poorly understood. Here, we used stable isotope probing (SIP) techniques to identify the metabolically active aerobic methanotrophs in upper sediments (01 cm) from an arctic lake in northern Alaska sampled during ice-free summer conditions. The highest CH4 oxidation potential was observed in the upper sediment (01 cm depth) with 1.59 mu mol g wet weight-1 day-1 compared with the deeper sediment samples (13 cm, 35 cm and 510 cm), which exhibited CH4 oxidation potentials below 0.4 mu mol g wet weight-1 day-1. Both type I and type II methanotrophs were directly detected in the upper sediment total communities using targeted primer sets based on 16S rRNA genes. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and functional genes (pmoA and mxaF) in the 13C-DNA from the upper sediment indicated that type I methanotrophs, mainly Methylobacter, Methylosoma, Methylomonas and Methylovulum miyakonense, dominated the assimilation of CH4. Methylotrophs, including the genera Methylophilus and/or Methylotenera, were also abundant in the 13C-DNA. Our results show that a diverse microbial consortium acquired carbon from CH4 in the sediments of this arctic lake. C1 [He, Ruo; Catranis, Catharine; Leigh, Mary Beth] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [He, Ruo] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Alaska Stable Isotope Facil, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Quensen, John; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Leigh, MB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mbleigh@alaska.edu RI HE, RUO/E-9165-2014; OI Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 FU United States Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-NT000565] FX We thank Ben Gaglioti and Nathan Stewart (UAF), Doug Whiteman (Atqasuk), Monica Heintz (UCSB) for field assistance, John Guido Cable, Heather Slater, Catherine Glover, Robert Burgess, Mary-Catharine Leewis for laboratory assistance, Benli Chai (MSU) for in silico digestion and T-RF size analysis, Dr. Lee Taylor, Ian Herriott and Shawn Houston for assistance with sequences analyses and phylogenetic tree construction and the Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, including Tim Howe and Norma Haubenstock. We thank the community in Atqasuk for hosting us. Notably we would like to thank the Mayor of Atqasuk and members of the city council. We thank Thomas Itta, Wanda Kippi, Doug Whiteman, and Kimberly Brent for their inputs and allowing us to share our work with them and also with high school students at the Meade River School in Atqasuk, AK. This work was conducted under a Bureau of Land Management permit (FF095556), and North Slope Borough permits (NSB 09-0478 and NSB 10-018). Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This work was supported by funding from United States Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (Grant DE-NT000565) awarded to M.J.W. and M.B.L. NR 78 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1403 EP 1419 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02725.x PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 953KQ UT WOS:000304866600005 PM 22429394 ER PT J AU Roderick, GK Croucher, PJP Vandergast, AG Gillespie, RG AF Roderick, George K. Croucher, Peter J. P. Vandergast, Amy G. Gillespie, Rosemary G. TI Species Differentiation on a Dynamic Landscape: Shifts in Metapopulation Genetic Structure Using the Chronology of the Hawaiian Archipelago SO EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Speciation; Shifting mosaic; Metapopulations; Founder events; Genetic revolutions; Adaptive radiation; Dispersal ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; SPINY LEG CLADE; TETRAGNATHA SPIDERS; COALESCENT APPROACH; GENUS TETRAGNATHA; POPULATIONS; SPECIATION; EVOLUTIONARY; MIGRATION; DIVERSITY AB Species formation during adaptive radiation often occurs in the context of a changing environment. The establishment and arrangement of populations, in space and time, sets up ecological and genetic processes that dictate the rate and pattern of differentiation. Here, we focus on how a dynamic habitat can affect genetic structure, and ultimately, differentiation among populations. We make use of the chronology and geographical history provided by the Hawaiian archipelago to examine the initial stages of population establishment and genetic divergence. We use data from a set of 6 spider lineages that differ in habitat affinities, some preferring low elevation habitats with a longer history of connection, others being more specialized for high elevation and/or wet forest, some with more general habitat affinities. We show that habitat preferences associated with lineages are important in ecological and genetic structuring. Lineages that have more restricted habitat preferences are subject to repeated episodes of isolation and fragmentation as a result of lava flows and vegetation succession. The initial dynamic set up by the landscape translates over time into discrete lineages. Further work is needed to understand how genetic changes interact with a changing set of ecological interactions amongst a shifting mosaic of landscapes to achieve species formation. C1 [Roderick, George K.; Croucher, Peter J. P.; Gillespie, Rosemary G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vandergast, Amy G.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Roderick, GK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roderick@berkeley.edu OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571 FU NSF [DEB-0919215]; University of California; U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center FX We are grateful for insightful comments and suggestions from Jon Richmond, Daniel Gruner, the editors of the volume, and 2 anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by NSF (DEB-0919215), the University of California, and U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0071-3260 J9 EVOL BIOL JI Evol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 2 BP 192 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s11692-012-9184-5 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 950OQ UT WOS:000304659000005 ER PT J AU Denevi, BW Koeber, SD Robinson, MS Garry, WB Hawke, BR Tran, TN Lawrence, SJ Keszthelyi, LP Barnouin, OS Ernst, CM Tornabene, LL AF Denevi, Brett W. Koeber, Steven D. Robinson, Mark S. Garry, W. Brent Hawke, B. Ray Tran, Thanh N. Lawrence, Samuel J. Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. Barnouin, Olivier S. Ernst, Carolyn M. Tornabene, Livio L. TI Physical constraints on impact melt properties from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera images SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Moon; Moon, Surface; Cratering ID LAVA FLOW MORPHOLOGY; EMPLACEMENT; CRATERS; LENGTHS; SURFACE; FIELD AB Impact melt flows exterior to Copernican-age craters are observed in high spatial resolution (0.5 m/pixel) images acquired by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC). Impact melt is mapped in detail around 15 craters ranging in diameter from 2.4 to 32.5 km. This survey supports previous observations suggesting melt flows often occur at craters whose shape is influenced by topographic variation at the pre-impact site. Impact melt flows are observed around craters as small as 2.4 km in diameter, and preliminary estimates of melt volume suggest melt production at small craters can significantly exceed model predictions. Digital terrain models produced from targeted NAC stereo images are used to examine the three-dimensional properties of flow features and emplacement setting, enabling physical modeling of flow parameters. Qualitative and quantitative observations are consistent with low-viscosity melts heated above their liquidii (superheated) with limited amounts of entrained solids. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Denevi, Brett W.; Barnouin, Olivier S.; Ernst, Carolyn M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Koeber, Steven D.; Robinson, Mark S.; Tran, Thanh N.; Lawrence, Samuel J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85251 USA. [Garry, W. Brent] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Hawke, B. Ray] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Tornabene, Livio L.] Univ Western Ontario, Ctr Planetary Sci & Explorat, London, ON, Canada. RP Denevi, BW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM brett.denevi@jhuapl.edu RI Ernst, Carolyn/I-4902-2012; Denevi, Brett/I-6502-2012; Garry, Brent/I-5920-2013; Barnouin, Olivier/I-7475-2015 OI Denevi, Brett/0000-0001-7837-6663; Barnouin, Olivier/0000-0002-3578-7750 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Project FX We gratefully acknowledge the LRO and LROC engineers and operations personnel. We thank Mike Malin for insightful input, and reviewers Scott Rowland and Veronica Bray for constructive and thoughtful reviews. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Project. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUN PY 2012 VL 219 IS 2 BP 665 EP 675 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.03.020 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 955VY UT WOS:000305050200013 ER PT J AU Williams, SJ Flocks, J Jenkins, C Khalil, S Moya, J AF Williams, S. Jeffress Flocks, James Jenkins, Chris Khalil, Syed Moya, Juan TI Offshore Sediment Character and Sand Resource Assessment of the Northern Gulf of Mexico, Florida to Texas SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marine sediments; coastal erosion; sand resources; continental shelf coastal restoration; Florida; Alabama; Mississippi; Louisiana; Texas ID SHELF; DELTA; LOUISIANA AB Williams, S.J.; Flocks, J.; Jenkins, C. Khalil, S., and Moya, J., 2012. Offshore Sediment Character and Sand Resource Assessment of the Northern Gulf of Mexico, Florida to Texas. In: Khalil, S.M., Parson, L.E., and Waters, J.P. (eds.), Technical Framework for the Gulf Regional Sediment Management Master Plan (GRSMMP), Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 60, 30-44. The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) continental shelf, extending approximately 1600 km from the Florida west coast to the U.S.-Mexico border, is a large sedimentary basin that has been the focus of much geologic study and surveys during the past 70 years, related mostly to oil and gas exploration. Relatively little attention has been focused on mapping and assessing offshore sediment character and resources, such as sand. It is increasingly recognized, however, that baseline scientific information on seafloor sediment character and composition is needed for managing and protecting natural resources and for providing information on sand availability and quality for potential use in a variety of coastal restoration and protection projects in all five of the states from Florida to Texas. The geomorphologic character and shallow sedimentary stratigraphy of the GOM shelf has been determined over geologic time by sediment inputs from rivers; sea-level fluctuations up to 120 m, resulting in transgressions and regressions of the shore; and frequent storms. These processes have resulted in deposition, reworking, and preservation of a variety of sand bodies, both on the seafloor and in buried, ancestral stream channels. Sand bodies of highly varying grain size, sorting, color, and composition are present throughout parts of the GOM inner shelf, varying greatly in size and number and often overlain or admixed with finer-grained, muddy sediment. The shelf sand bodies tend to be fine grained and are often mixed with muddy or organic detritus as well as carbonate shell material. The GOM shelf is mantled with sand mostly off the Florida shore, and sediments become progressively finer and muddier westward across the Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas shelf regions. The shelf off each state contains shoals that represent drowned paleoshoreline and buried, ancestral, stream-channel features that originated when sea level was lower than at present and the shore was farther seaward. These shoals offer the best promise as potential sand resources; however, further study is needed to refine these findings based on reconnaissance-scale work. C1 [Williams, S. Jeffress; Khalil, Syed] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Flocks, James] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Jenkins, Chris] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Khalil, Syed] Coastal Protect & Restorat Author CPRA, Baton Rouge, LA 70801 USA. [Moya, Juan] Atkins N Amer Coastal Planning & Restorat, Austin, TX 78730 USA. RP Williams, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd,Quissett Campus, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jwilliams@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 21 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SUM PY 2012 SI 60 BP 30 EP 44 DI 10.2112/SI_60_4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 950XH UT WOS:000304684700005 ER PT J AU Cornwell, ER Eckerlin, GE Thompson, TM Batts, WN Getchell, RG Groocock, GH Kurath, G Winton, JR Casey, RN Casey, JW Bain, MB Bowser, PR AF Cornwell, Emily R. Eckerlin, Geofrey E. Thompson, Tarin M. Batts, William N. Getchell, Rodman G. Groocock, Geoffrey H. Kurath, Gael Winton, James R. Casey, Rufina N. Casey, James W. Bain, Mark B. Bowser, Paul R. TI Predictive factors and viral genetic diversity for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection in Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Viral hemorrhagic septicemia; Yellow perch; Round goby; Surveillance; qRT-PCR ID ESOX-MASQUINONGY MITCHILL; EPC CELL-LINE; ROUND GOBY; GREAT-LAKES; FATHEAD MINNOW; NORTH-SEA; VHSV; USA; MUSKELLUNGE; PROMELAS AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is the causative agent of a devastating disease in fish, viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), which has recently spread to the Laurentian Great Lakes. In this paper, we report the results of infection surveillance conducted during 2009 for VHSV with a focus on yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). We collected 1928 fish representing eight species at nine sites in Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River and found fish positive for VHSV by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) at every site. Prevalence of virus-positive fish at individual sites ranged from 0.7% to 27.5%. Yellow perch were significantly less likely to test positive than round goby in this study. In logistic regression models, maturity was a significant predictor of testing positive in yellow perch, but no evaluated factor was a significant predictor of testing positive in round goby. Virus isolation in cell culture was successful in seven out of 37 high titer fish samples, and partial glycoprotein gene sequences obtained from these virus isolates showed an increase in genetic diversity relative to the previously known diversity of Laurentian Great Lakes VHSV genotype IVb. These results highlight the importance of continued movement restrictions and surveillance for VHSV in wild fish in the Laurentian Great Lakes as well as suggest future work to further elucidate the infection dynamics of this virus in wild fish populations. (C) 2012 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cornwell, Emily R.; Getchell, Rodman G.; Groocock, Geoffrey H.; Casey, Rufina N.; Casey, James W.; Bowser, Paul R.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Eckerlin, Geofrey E.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Thompson, Tarin M.; Batts, William N.; Kurath, Gael; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bain, Mark B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cornwell, ER (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM erc58@cornell.edu; geeckerl@syr.edu; tmthompson@usgs.gov; bbatts@usgs.gov; rgg4@cornell.edu; ghg3@cornell.edu; gkurath@usgs.gov; jwinton@usgs.gov; rnc5@cornell.edu; jwc3@cornell.edu; Mark.Bain@cornell.edu; prb4@cornell.edu FU Northeast Midwest Institute [841]; Great Lakes Fisheries Trust [2007-883] FX We dedicate this paper to Dr. Mark Bain (1955-2012). We gratefully acknowledge the help of Mohd. Zafri Hassan for assistance in collecting fish, Lindsay Glasner, Camille Duhamel, Andrew Sylora, and Jeffrey Tokman for help dissecting fish, Gregory Wooster for technical assistance, Dr. John Farrell and the SUNY ESF Thousand Islands Biological Station for field and sampling support, and Dr. Hollis Erb for assistance with statistical reporting. We also thank the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for providing scientific collection permits. This work was supported by a subcontract to Cornell University from the Northeast Midwest Institute for project #841 for the Great lakes Protection Fund and by the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust (#2007-883). The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government or Cornell University. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 2 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.01.006 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BK UT WOS:000304841700011 ER PT J AU Isaac, EJ Hrabik, TR Stockwell, JD Gamble, AE AF Isaac, Edmund J. Hrabik, Thomas R. Stockwell, Jason D. Gamble, Allison E. TI Prey selection by the Lake Superior fish community SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Superior; Mysis; Prey selection; Food web; Fish community ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; MYSIS-RELICTA; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; RAINBOW SMELT; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO; FOOD; ABUNDANCE; SCULPINS AB Mysis diluviana is an important prey item to the Lake Superior fish community as found through a recent diet study. We further evaluated this by relating the quantity of prey found in fish diets to the quantity of prey available to fish, providing insight into feeding behavior and prey preferences. We describe the seasonal prey selection of major fish species collected across 18 stations in Lake Superior in spring, summer, and fall of 2005. Of the major nearshore fish species, bloater (Coregonus hoyi), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) consumed Mysis, and strongly selected Mysis over other prey items each season. However, lake whitefish also selected Bythotrephes in the fall when Bythotrephes were numerous. Cisco (Coregonus artedi), a major nearshore and offshore species, fed largely on calanoid copepods, and selected calanoid copepods (spring) and Bythotrephes (summer and fall). Cisco also targeted prey similarly across bathymetric depths. Other major offshore fish species such as kiyi (Coregonus kiyi) and deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni) fed largely on Mysis, with kiyi targeting Mysis exclusively while deepwater sculpin did not prefer any single prey organism. The major offshore predator siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush siscowet) consumed deepwater sculpin and coregonines, but selected deepwater sculpin and Mysis each season, with juveniles having a higher selection for Mysis than adults. Our results suggest that Mysis is not only a commonly consumed prey item, but a highly preferred prey item for pelagic, benthic, and piscivorous fishes in nearshore and offshore waters of Lake Superior. (C) 2012 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Isaac, Edmund J.; Hrabik, Thomas R.; Gamble, Allison E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Stockwell, Jason D.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Isaac, EJ (reprint author), 27 Store Rd, Grand Portage, MN 55605 USA. EM ejisaac@boreal.org; thrabik@d.umn.edu; jdstockw@uvm.edu; allisongamble@gmail.com FU Great Lakes Fisheries Commission; EPA Great Lakes National Program Office [IAG: DW14-948-10801] FX We would like to thank the captains and crews of the R/V Kiyi, RN Limnos, and R/V Lake Guardian for their hard work in the field with sample collections, Dan Yule and Matt Balge for processing acoustic data, Jack Kelly and the EPA-Mid Continent Ecology Division for providing benthos data. We are grateful to Mary Balcer and Steve Hagedorn of the Lake Superior Research Institute for tailoring an interactive zooplankton database for our use. Comments from Dan Yule, Lars Rudstam, and several anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. This work was sponsored by the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission with additional support from the EPA Great Lakes National Program Office (IAG: DW14-948-10801). This article is contribution 1685 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 2 BP 326 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.02.017 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BK UT WOS:000304841700016 ER PT J AU Vanderploeg, HA Pothoven, SA Fahnenstiel, GL Cavaletto, JF Liebig, JR Stow, CA Nalepa, TF Madenjian, CP Bunnell, DB AF Vanderploeg, Henry A. Pothoven, Steven A. Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Cavaletto, Joann F. Liebig, James R. Stow, Craig A. Nalepa, Thomas F. Madenjian, Charles P. Bunnell, David B. TI Seasonal zooplankton dynamics in Lake Michigan: Disentangling impacts of resource limitation, ecosystem engineering, and predation during a critical ecosystem transition SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zooplankton; Planktivory; Food limitation; Tipping point; Climate ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LIFE-CYCLE STRATEGY; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; LIMNOCALANUS-MACRURUS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; CALANOID COPEPODS; PLANKTON DYNAMICS AB We examined seasonal dynamics of zooplankton at an offshore station in Lake Michigan from 1994 to 2003 and 2007 to 2008. This period saw variable weather, declines in planktivorous fish abundance, the introduction and expansion of dreissenid mussels, and a slow decline in total phosphorus concentrations. After the major expansion of mussels into deep water (2007-2008), chlorophyll in spring declined sharply, Secchi depth increased markedly in all seasons, and planktivorous fish biomass declined to record-low levels. Overlaying these dramatic ecosystem-level changes, the zooplankton community exhibited complex seasonal dynamics between 1994-2003 and 2007-2008. Phenology of the zooplankton maximum was affected by onset of thermal stratification, but there was no other discernable effect due to temperature. Interannual variability in zooplankton biomass during 1994 and 2003 was strongly driven by planktivorous fish abundance, particularly age-0 and age-1 alewives. In 2007-2008, there were large decreases in Diacyclops thomasi and Daphnia mendotae possibly caused by food limitation as well as increased predation and indirect negative effects from increases in Bythotrephes longimanus abundance and in foraging efficiency associated with increased light penetration. The Bythotrephes increase was likely driven in part by decreased predation from yearling and older alewife. While there was a major decrease in epilimnetic-metalimnetic herbivorous cladocerans in 2007-2008, there was an increase in large omnivorous and predacious calanoid copepods, especially those in the hypolimnion. Thus, changes to the zooplankton community are the result of cascading, synergistic interactions, including a shift from vertebrate to invertebrate planktivory and mussel ecosystem impacts on light climate and chlorophyll. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Cavaletto, Joann F.; Liebig, James R.; Stow, Craig A.; Nalepa, Thomas F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.; Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Vanderploeg, HA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; gary.fahnenstiel@noaa.gov; joann.cavaletto@noaa.gov; jim.liebig@noaa.gov; craig.stow@noaa.gov; tom.nalepa@noaa.gov; cmadenjian@usgs.gov; dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Liebig, James/0000-0002-0433-9066; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU NOAA; Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We thank R. Pichlova-Ptacnikova and the captains and crews of the R/V Shenehon and R/V Laurentian, namely D. Donahue, J. Workman, and A. Yagiella, for help in field collections. H. Carrick made helpful comments on an early version of this manuscript. Partial support for funding came from NOAA Coastal Ocean Program and the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1620 and U.S. Geological Survey Great lakes Science Center Contribution No. 1684. NR 91 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 99 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 2 BP 336 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.02.005 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BK UT WOS:000304841700017 ER PT J AU Boogaard, MA Hubert, TD Bernardy, JA Kaye, CA Baldwin, GA AF Boogaard, Michael A. Hubert, Terrance D. Bernardy, Jeffry A. Kaye, Cheryl A. Baldwin, Gregg A. TI Evaluation of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) residues following a lampricide treatment as a risk assessment to the endangered piping plover SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lampricide; Residues; Risk assessment; Invertebrates; Piping plover ID RAINBOW-TROUT; SEA LAMPREY; METABOLISM; ISLANDS AB To evaluate the risk to the federally endangered piping plover (Charadrius melodus) from exposure to 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) during a sea lamprey control treatment we collected and analyzed a series of water, sediment, and aquatic invertebrate samples for the presence of TFM before, during, and after treatment of the Little Two Hearted River, Luce County, Michigan in July 2008. Results of the analyses in water showed the treatment resulted in a maximum concentration of 1.14 mg/L TFM. Residues of TFM in water were greatest 50 m east of the mouth (0.73 mg/L TFM) and had decreased below detection at most of the sampling sites one day after treatment. Residues of TFM in sediment were greatest 50 m east of the mouth (105 ng/g TFM) with lower levels observed west of the mouth (3-5 ng/g TFM) the day of the treatment. Residues decreased rapidly and were below detection in most of the samples the day after treatment. Residues of TFM in caged mayflies were greatest one day after treatment (3,193 ng/g wet weight), decreased substantially by 4 days after treatment (74 ng/g), but were still present 8 days after treatment (80 ng/g). Based on results from this study the overall TFM exposure to adult piping plovers (0.425 mg/kg) was 85 times less than the estimated No Observable Effects Concentration (NOEC) of 36 mg/kg and was 17 times less than the NOEC for plover chicks (2.13 mg/kg) indicating the risk from sea lamprey control operations would likely be minimal. Published by Elsevier BM, on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Boogaard, Michael A.; Hubert, Terrance D.; Bernardy, Jeffry A.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Kaye, Cheryl A.; Baldwin, Gregg A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Boogaard, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM mboogaard@usgs.gov; thubert@usgs.gov; jbernardy@usgs.gov; cheryl_kaye@fws.gov; Gregg_baldwin@fws.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX This study was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. The Commission had no influence on study design; collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; writing of the report; or the decision to submit this paper for publication. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 2 BP 362 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.01.009 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BK UT WOS:000304841700019 ER PT J AU Mulvihill, CI Baldigo, BP AF Mulvihill, Christiane I. Baldigo, Barry P. TI Optimizing Bankfull Discharge and Hydraulic Geometry Relations for Streams in New York State SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE streams; optimization; restoration; regional curves; bankfull discharge; hydraulic geometry; models ID RECURRENCE INTERVALS; NORTH-CAROLINA; DESIGN; RIVERS AB Mulvihill, Christiane I. and Barry P. Baldigo, 2012. Optimizing Bankfull Discharge and Hydraulic Geometry Relations for Streams in New York State. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 449-463. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00623.x Abstract: This study analyzes how various data stratification schemes can be used to optimize the accuracy and utility of regional hydraulic geometry (HG) models of bankfull discharge, width, depth, and cross-sectional area for streams in New York. Topographic surveys and discharge records from 281 cross sections at 82 gaging stations with drainage areas of 0.52-396 square miles were used to create log-log regressions of region-based relations between bankfull HG metrics and drainage area. The success with which regional models distinguished unique bankfull discharge and HG patterns was assessed by comparing each regional model to those for all other regions and a pooled statewide model. Gages were also stratified (grouped) by mean annual runoff (MAR), Rosgen stream type, and water-surface slope to test if these models were better predictors of HG to drainage area relations. Bankfull discharge models for Regions 4 and 7 were outside the 95% confidence interval bands of the statewide model, and bankfull width, depth, and cross-sectional area models for Region 3 differed significantly (p similar to 0.05) from those of other regions. This study found that statewide relations between drainage area and HG were strongest when data were stratified by hydrologic region, but that co-variable models could yield more accurate HG estimates in some local regional curve applications. C1 [Mulvihill, Christiane I.; Baldigo, Barry P.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Mulvihill, CI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM mulvihil@usgs.gov FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Department of State; USGS FX Funding for this study was provided by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Department of State, and the USGS. Additional data, training, and technical support were provided by the NYCDEP, Greene County Soil and Water Conservation District, and Delaware County Soil and Water Conservation District. Thanks are extended to Danny Davis and Elizabeth Reichheld (NYCDEP) for staff training in geomorphology; and to Arthur Coleman (Trout Unlimited), Amy Filopowicz (NYS-DOS), Britt Westergard and Anne Ernst (USGS), and Matthew Horn, Rebecca Pratt, Dana Warren, Michael Compton, Marshall Thomas, Ian Kirlay, Brittney Petitt, Beth Vollmer, and Bethany Boisvert (Cornell University) for assistance in the field. Thanks are also extended to Cory Ritz (Ulster County Soil and Water Conservation District) and Amanda LaValle (Ulster County Department of the Environment) for technical reviews of the manuscript before journal submission. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 449 EP 463 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00623.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 952PK UT WOS:000304804400004 ER PT J AU Waite, IR Kennen, JG May, JT Brown, LR Cuffney, TF Jones, KA Orlando, JL AF Waite, Ian R. Kennen, Jonathan G. May, Jason T. Brown, Larry R. Cuffney, Thomas F. Jones, Kimberly A. Orlando, James L. TI Comparison of Stream Invertebrate Response Models for Bioassessment Metrics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE modeling; macroinvertebrates; watershed disturbance; land use; prediction; statistical assessment ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; BIOLOGICAL CONDITION; PREDICTIVE MODELS; REGRESSION TREES; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; RANDOM FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATERS; LAND-USE; URBANIZATION AB Waite, Ian R., Jonathan G. Kennen, Jason T. May, Larry R. Brown, Thomas F. Cuffney, Kimberly A. Jones, and James L. Orlando, 2012. Comparison of Stream Invertebrate Response Models for Bioassessment Metrics. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 570-583. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00632.x Abstract: We aggregated invertebrate data from various sources to assemble data for modeling in two ecoregions in Oregon and one in California. Our goal was to compare the performance of models developed using multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques with models developed using three relatively new techniques: classification and regression trees (CART), random forest (RF), and boosted regression trees (BRT). We used tolerance of taxa based on richness (RICHTOL) and ratio of observed to expected taxa (O/E) as response variables and land use/land cover as explanatory variables. Responses were generally linear; therefore, there was little improvement to the MLR models when compared to models using CART and RF. In general, the four modeling techniques (MLR, CART, RF, and BRT) consistently selected the same primary explanatory variables for each region. However, results from the BRT models showed significant improvement over the MLR models for each region; increases in R2 from 0.09 to 0.20. The O/E metric that was derived from models specifically calibrated for Oregon consistently had lower R2 values than RICHTOL for the two regions tested. Modeled O/E R2 values were between 0.06 and 0.10 lower for each of the four modeling methods applied in the Willamette Valley and were between 0.19 and 0.36 points lower for the Blue Mountains. As a result, BRT models may indeed represent a good alternative to MLR for modeling species distribution relative to environmental variables. C1 [Waite, Ian R.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Kennen, Jonathan G.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [May, Jason T.; Brown, Larry R.; Orlando, James L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Cuffney, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Jones, Kimberly A.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, W Valley, UT 84119 USA. RP Waite, IR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM iwaite@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 570 EP 583 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00632.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 952PK UT WOS:000304804400012 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Chandler, RB Yackulic, C Nichols, JD AF Royle, J. Andrew Chandler, Richard B. Yackulic, Charles Nichols, James D. TI Likelihood analysis of species occurrence probability from presence-only data for modelling species distributions SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayes' rule; detection probability; logistic regression; maxent; occupancy model; occurrence probability; presence-only data; species distribution model ID SITE-OCCUPANCY MODELS; SELECTION; RATES AB 1. Understanding the factors affecting species occurrence is a pre-eminent focus of applied ecological research. However, direct information about species occurrence is lacking for many species. Instead, researchers sometimes have to rely on so-called presence-only data (i.e. when no direct information about absences is available), which often results from opportunistic, unstructured sampling. maxent is a widely used software program designed to model and map species distribution using presence-only data. 2. We provide a critical review of maxent as applied to species distribution modelling and discuss how it can lead to inferential errors. A chief concern is that maxent produces a number of poorly defined indices that are not directly related to the actual parameter of interest the probability of occurrence (?). This focus on an index was motivated by the belief that it is not possible to estimate ? from presence-only data; however, we demonstrate that ? is identifiable using conventional likelihood methods under the assumptions of random sampling and constant probability of species detection. 3. The model is implemented in a convenient r package which we use to apply the model to simulated data and data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey. We demonstrate that maxent produces extreme under-predictions when compared to estimates produced by logistic regression which uses the full (presence/absence) data set. We note that maxent predictions are extremely sensitive to specification of the background prevalence, which is not objectively estimated using the maxent method. 4. As with maxent, formal model-based inference requires a random sample of presence locations. Many presence-only data sets, such as those based on museum records and herbarium collections, may not satisfy this assumption. However, when sampling is random, we believe that inference should be based on formal methods that facilitate inference about interpretable ecological quantities instead of vaguely defined indices. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew; Chandler, Richard B.; Yackulic, Charles; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016; OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 25 TC 143 Z9 148 U1 8 U2 201 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 545 EP 554 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00182.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953VX UT WOS:000304902500013 ER PT J AU Elmendorf, SC Henry, GHR Hollister, RD Bjork, RG Boulanger-Lapointe, N Cooper, EJ Cornelissen, JHC Day, TA Dorrepaal, E Elumeeva, TG Gill, M Gould, WA Harte, J Hik, DS Hofgaard, A Johnson, DR Johnstone, JF Jonsdottir, IS Jorgenson, JC Klanderud, K Klein, JA Koh, S Kudo, G Lara, M Levesque, E Magnusson, B May, JL Mercado-Diaz, JA Michelsen, A Molau, U Myers-Smith, IH Oberbauer, SF Onipchenko, VG Rixen, C Schmidt, NM Shaver, GR Spasojevic, MJ Porhallsdottir, PE Tolvanen, A Troxler, T Tweedie, CE Villareal, S Wahren, CH Walker, X Webber, PJ Welker, JM Wipf, S AF Elmendorf, Sarah C. Henry, Gregory H. R. Hollister, Robert D. Bjork, Robert G. Boulanger-Lapointe, Noemie Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cornelissen, Johannes H. C. Day, Thomas A. Dorrepaal, Ellen Elumeeva, Tatiana G. Gill, Mike Gould, William A. Harte, John Hik, David S. Hofgaard, Annika Johnson, David R. Johnstone, Jill F. Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala Jorgenson, Janet C. Klanderud, Kari Klein, Julia A. Koh, Saewan Kudo, Gaku Lara, Mark Levesque, Esther Magnusson, Borgthor May, Jeremy L. Mercado-Diaz, Joel A. Michelsen, Anders Molau, Ulf Myers-Smith, Isla H. Oberbauer, Steven F. Onipchenko, Vladimir G. Rixen, Christian Schmidt, Niels Martin Shaver, Gaius R. Spasojevic, Marko J. Porhallsdottir, Pora Ellen Tolvanen, Anne Troxler, Tiffany Tweedie, Craig E. Villareal, Sandra Wahren, Carl-Henrik Walker, Xanthe Webber, Patrick J. Welker, Jeffrey M. Wipf, Sonja TI Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; GLOBAL CHANGE; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEMS; FEEDBACKS; ECOLOGY; DECLINE; BIOMASS AB Temperature is increasing at unprecedented rates across most of the tundra biome(1). Remote-sensing data indicate that contemporary climate warming has already resulted in increased productivity over much of the Arctic(2,3), but plot-based evidence for vegetation transformation is not widespread. We analysed change in tundra vegetation surveyed between 1980 and 2010 in 158 plant communities spread across 46 locations. We found biome-wide trends of increased height of the plant canopy and maximum observed plant height for most vascular growth forms; increased abundance of litter; increased abundance of evergreen, low-growing and tall shrubs; and decreased abundance of bare ground. Intersite comparisons indicated an association between the degree of summer warming and change in vascular plant abundance, with shrubs, forbs and rushes increasing with warming. However, the association was dependent on the climate zone, the moisture regime and the presence of permafrost. Our data provide plot-scale evidence linking changes in vascular plant abundance to local summer warming in widely dispersed tundra locations across the globe. C1 [Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Henry, Gregory H. R.; Walker, Xanthe] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Hollister, Robert D.; May, Jeremy L.] Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Bjork, Robert G.; Molau, Ulf] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Boulanger-Lapointe, Noemie; Levesque, Esther] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Dept Chim Biol, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada. [Cooper, Elisabeth J.] Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Inst Biosci Fisheries & Econ, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.; Dorrepaal, Ellen] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Ecol Sci, Dept Syst Ecol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Day, Thomas A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Dorrepaal, Ellen] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Climate Impacts Res Ctr, S-98107 Abisko, Sweden. [Elumeeva, Tatiana G.; Onipchenko, Vladimir G.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Geobot, Moscow, Russia. [Gill, Mike] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, No Conservat Div, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5X7, Canada. [Gould, William A.; Mercado-Diaz, Joel A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Harte, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hik, David S.; Koh, Saewan; Myers-Smith, Isla H.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Hofgaard, Annika] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Johnson, David R.; Lara, Mark; Tweedie, Craig E.; Villareal, Sandra] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Johnstone, Jill F.; Walker, Xanthe] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7J 5N2, Canada. [Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala] Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Jorgenson, Janet C.; Porhallsdottir, Pora Ellen] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Klanderud, Kari] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, NO-1432 As, Norway. [Klein, Julia A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kudo, Gaku] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Magnusson, Borgthor] Iceland Inst Nat Hist, IS-210 Gardabaer, Iceland. [Michelsen, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Terr Ecol Sect, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Michelsen, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Oberbauer, Steven F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Rixen, Christian; Troxler, Tiffany; Wipf, Sonja] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Schmidt, Niels Martin] Aarhus Univ, NERI, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Shaver, Gaius R.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Spasojevic, Marko J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tolvanen, Anne] Univ Oulu, Thule Inst, Finnish Forest Res Inst, Muhos 91500, Finland. [Wahren, Carl-Henrik] La Trobe Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Ctr Appl Alpine Ecol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Webber, Patrick J.] Michigan State Univ, Ranchos De Taos, NM 87557 USA. [Welker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Elmendorf, SC (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM selmendorf@neoninc.org RI Hik, David/B-3462-2009; Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013; Myers-Smith, Isla/D-1529-2013; Schmidt, Niels Martin/G-3843-2011; Michelsen, Anders/L-5279-2014; Kudo, Gaku/A-2733-2015; Johnstone, Jill/C-9204-2009; Tolvanen, Anne/I-5873-2015; Wipf, Sonja/A-5075-2010; Elumeeva, Tatiana/O-9062-2016 OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735; Bjork, Robert/0000-0001-7346-666X; Rixen, Christian/0000-0002-2486-9988; Hik, David/0000-0002-8994-9305; Myers-Smith, Isla/0000-0002-8417-6112; Schmidt, Niels Martin/0000-0002-4166-6218; Michelsen, Anders/0000-0002-9541-8658; Kudo, Gaku/0000-0002-6488-818X; Johnstone, Jill/0000-0001-6131-9339; Tolvanen, Anne/0000-0002-5304-7510; Wipf, Sonja/0000-0002-3492-1399; Elumeeva, Tatiana/0000-0003-0589-830X FU Canadian International Polar Year program; US National Science Foundation; Australian Research Council; Department of Sustainability and Environment (Australia); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet (Canada); Environment Canada; Northern Scientific Training program (Canada); Polar Continental Shelf program (Canada); Yukon Territorial Government (Canada); Natural Sciences Division of the Danish Council for Independent Research; Danish Environmental Protection Agency; ATANS (EU); Academy of Finland; Icelandic Research Fund; Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (Japan); Ministry of the Environment (Japan); Dutch Polar program; Research Council of Norway; Norwegian Svalbard Society; Norwegian Polar Institute; European Commission (Norway); Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning; US Long Term Ecological Research program; US Forest Service; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank innumerable field technicians, graduate and undergraduate assistants for help with data collection, and parks, wildlife refuges, field stations and the local and indigenous people for the opportunity to conduct research on their land. Financial support for the synthesis was provided by the Canadian International Polar Year program and the US National Science Foundation; the field data collection was financially supported by the Australian Research Council, the Department of Sustainability and Environment (Australia), the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ArcticNet (Canada), Environment Canada, the Northern Scientific Training program (Canada), the Polar Continental Shelf program (Canada), the Yukon Territorial Government (Canada), the Natural Sciences Division of the Danish Council for Independent Research, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the ATANS grant program (EU), the Academy of Finland, the Icelandic Research Fund, the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (Japan), the Ministry of the Environment (Japan), the Dutch Polar program, the Research Council of Norway, the Norwegian Svalbard Society, the Norwegian Polar Institute, the European Commission (Framework 5; Norway), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, the US National Science Foundation, the US Long Term Ecological Research program, the US Forest Service and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 32 TC 210 Z9 219 U1 22 U2 365 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 2 IS 6 BP 453 EP 457 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1465 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955WM UT WOS:000305051600028 ER PT J AU Zhang, TW Ellis, GS Ruppel, SC Milliken, K Yang, RS AF Zhang, Tongwei Ellis, Geoffrey S. Ruppel, Stephen C. Milliken, Kitty Yang, Rongsheng TI Effect of organic-matter type and thermal maturity on methane adsorption in shale-gas systems SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPIAN BARNETT SHALE; FORT-WORTH BASIN; NORTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEDIMENTARY BASIN; COAL COMPOSITION; PORE STRUCTURE; PRESSURE; ISOTHERMS AB A series of methane (CH4) adsorption experiments on bulk organic rich shales and their isolated kerogens were conducted at 35 degrees C, 50 degrees C and 65 degrees C and CH4 pressure of up to 15 MPa under dry conditions. Samples from the Eocene Green River Formation, Devonian-Mississippian Woodford Shale and Upper Cretaceous Cameo coal were studied to examine how differences in organic matter type affect natural gas adsorption. Vitrinite reflectance values of these samples ranged from 0.56-0.58 %R-o. In addition, thermal maturity effects were determined on three Mississippian Barnett Shale samples with measured vitrinite reflectance values of 0.58, 0.81 and 2.01 %R-o. For all bulk and isolated kerogen samples, the total amount of methane adsorbed was directly proportional to the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the sample and the average maximum amount of gas sorption was 1.36 mmol of methane per gram of TOC. These results indicate that sorption on organic matter plays a critical role in shale-gas storage. Under the experimental conditions, differences in thermal maturity showed no significant effect on the total amount of gas sorbed. Experimental sorption isotherms could be fitted with good accuracy by the Langmuir function by adjusting the Langmuir pressure (P-L) and maximum sorption capacity (Gamma(max)). The lowest maturity sample (%R-o = 0.56) displayed a Langmuir pressure (P-L) of 5.15 MPa, significantly larger than the 2.33 MPa observed for the highest maturity (%R-o > 2.01) sample at 50 degrees C. The value of the Langmuir pressure (P-L) changes with kerogen type in the following sequence: type I > type II > type III. The thermodynamic parameters of CH4 adsorption on organic rich shales were determined based on the experimental CH4 isotherms. For the adsorption of CH4 on organic rich shales and their isolated kerogen, the heat of adsorption (q) and the standard entropy (Delta s(0)) range from 7.3-28.0 kJ/mol and from -36.2 to -92.2 J/mol/K, respectively. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Tongwei; Ruppel, Stephen C.; Milliken, Kitty; Yang, Rongsheng] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Zhang, TW (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM tongwei.zhang@beg.utexas.edu RI Zhang, Tongwei/M-8000-2014; OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320; Milliken, Kitty/0000-0001-9012-977X FU ExxonMobil [2012CB214701, 20100559]; Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin; Jackson School of Geosciences; Bureau's Mudrock Systems Research Laboratory consortium; State of Texas Advanced Resource Recovery program (STARR program) FX This research is a part of research results of the EM/BEG unconventional reservoir project, which is financially supported by ExxonMobil, 2012CB214701, 20100559 and the Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin. The construction of an in-house high temperature and pressure gas adsorption system was funded by the Jackson School of Geosciences start-up funds. The Bureau's Mudrock Systems Research Laboratory consortium and State of Texas Advanced Resource Recovery program (STARR program) provided funding and access to Barnett Shale cores and TOC and Rock-Eval data. Thanks to Dr. Mike Lewan for providing the Green River Formation sample. Drs. Bob Dias, Dick Keefer in USGS Denver reviewed our manuscript and provided suggestions to greatly improve the quality of the manuscript. In particular, we would like to thank Drs. Xinyu Xia, Bernhard Krooss and Yongchun Tang as reviewers who provided constructive suggestions that significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. Publication authorized by the Director, Bureau of Economic Geology. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 50 TC 179 Z9 256 U1 29 U2 179 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 47 BP 120 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.03.012 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 953FW UT WOS:000304853300012 ER PT J AU Gidley, CA Scarnecchia, DL Hansen, JA AF Gidley, C. A. Scarnecchia, D. L. Hansen, J. A. TI Fish community structure associated with stabilized and unstabilized shoreline habitats, Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MISSOURI RIVER; WARMWATER STREAM; WOODY DEBRIS; CHANNELIZATION; REQUIREMENTS; CONNECTIVITY; ASSEMBLAGES; DIVERSITY; SALMONIDS; INTEGRITY AB Stabilization of riverbanks and lake shorelines has become widely used to reduce erosion. Studies on effects of stabilization on fish species and communities have indicated highly variable effects from beneficial to detrimental. Bank stabilization implemented to reduce shoreline erosion of metals-contaminated sediments in the lower Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, prompted concern of possible effects on the fish community. Fish sampling (electrofishing and gillnetting) and habitat assessment were conducted at 24 sites in the lower 54?km of river during 2005 and 2006 to assess differences in the fish community (relative abundance, species diversity and community composition) at stabilized and unstabilized shorelines. Within stabilized and unstabilized shorelines we evaluated seasonal differences as well as upstream and downstream differences. We captured 3511 fish from 17 species and 7 families; 83% of fish were captured by electrofishing. Fish relative abundance was significantly higher at stabilized than unstabilized sites for electrofishing. We also found positive correlations between relative abundance and diameter of rock at stabilized sites for both sampling gears. Three species (brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus, northern pike Esox lucius and pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus) were captured more readily at stabilized shoreline sites. Seasonally, the differences in relative abundance among habitat types indicate that stabilized structures are providing stable habitat year-round. Overall, stabilized shorelines on the lower Coeur d'Alene River were not found to be adversely affecting overall fish relative abundance, diversity and species composition under the existing low fraction (2.5%) of bank stabilization. Based on these results and reviews of other studies, we suggest that two factors affecting the results of bank stabilization studies are (i) the habitat quality of the unstabilized river, and (ii) the percentage of the river that has been stabilized. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gidley, C. A.; Scarnecchia, D. L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hansen, J. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Spokane, WA USA. RP Scarnecchia, DL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, POB 441136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM scar@uidaho.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency; Idaho Department of Fish and Game FX This study was funded by a Clean Water Act grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency administered by the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. The Idaho Department of Fish and Game provided additional funding and logistical support. We thank N. Horner for his helpful input on this project. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 554 EP 566 DI 10.1002/rra.1476 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 951YT UT WOS:000304757400004 ER PT J AU Daraio, JA Weber, LJ Zigler, SJ Newton, TJ Nestler, JM AF Daraio, J. A. Weber, L. J. Zigler, S. J. Newton, T. J. Nestler, J. M. TI Simulated effects of host fish distribution on juvenile unionid mussel dispersal in a large river SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ecohydraulics; host fish; spatial distribution; transport; unionids ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA MOLLUSCA; HYDRAULIC FLOW SIMULATION; CHANNEL; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS; ABUNDANCE; STREAMS; MODEL AB Larval mussels (Family Unionidae) are obligate parasites on fish, and after excystment from their host, as juveniles, they are transported with flow. We know relatively little about the mechanisms that affect dispersal and subsequent settlement of juvenile mussels in large rivers. We used a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a reach of the Upper Mississippi River with stochastic Lagrangian particle tracking to simulate juvenile dispersal. Sensitivity analyses were used to determine the importance of excystment location in two-dimensional space (lateral and longitudinal) and to assess the effects of vertical location (depth in the water column) on dispersal distances and juvenile settling distributions. In our simulations, greater than 50% of juveniles mussels settled on the river bottom within 500?m of their point of excystment, regardless of the vertical location of the fish in the water column. Dispersal distances were most variable in environments with higher velocity and high gradients in velocity, such as along channel margins, near the channel bed, or where effects of river bed morphology caused large changes in hydraulics. Dispersal distance was greater and variance was greater when juvenile excystment occurred in areas where vertical velocity (w) was positive (indicating an upward velocity) than when w was negative. Juvenile dispersal distance is likely to be more variable for mussels species whose hosts inhabit areas with steeper velocity gradients (e.g. channel margins) than a host that generally inhabits low-flow environments (e.g. impounded areas). Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Daraio, J. A.; Weber, L. J.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, C Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab 100, Iowa City, IA USA. [Zigler, S. J.; Newton, T. J.] USGS, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Nestler, J. M.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Daraio, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 436, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM joseph.a.daraio@gmail.com OI Zigler, Steven/0000-0002-4153-0652; Daraio, Joe/0000-0001-5591-4465; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 FU IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering FX This research was funded by IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering. Authors thank George Constantinescu, Keri Hornbuckle, Lee Hastie, David Strayer, Mike Gangloff and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Product names are provided for informational purposes only and do not represent an endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 594 EP 608 DI 10.1002/rra.1469 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 951YT UT WOS:000304757400007 ER PT J AU Richter, CA Evans, AN Wright-Osment, MK Zajicek, JL Heppell, SA Riley, SC Krueger, CC Tillitt, DE AF Richter, Catherine A. Evans, Allison N. Wright-Osment, Maureen K. Zajicek, James L. Heppell, Scott A. Riley, Stephen C. Krueger, Charles C. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus is not the cause of thiamine deficiency impeding lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) recruitment in the Great Lakes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; CEREBROCORTICAL NECROSIS; ATLANTIC SALMON; FORAGE FISH; ALEWIFE; MICHIGAN; EMS AB Thiamine (vitamin B-1) deficiency is a global concern affecting wildlife, livestock, and humans. In Great Lakes salmonines, thiamine deficiency causes embryo mortality and is an impediment to restoration of native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) stocks. Thiamine deficiency in fish may result from a diet of prey with high levels of thiaminase I. The discoveries that the bacterial species Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus produces thiaminase I, is found in viscera of thiaminase-containing prey fish, and causes mortality when fed to lake trout in the laboratory provided circumstantial evidence implicating P. thiaminolyticus. This study quantified the contribution of P. thiaminolyticus to the total thiaminase I activity in multiple trophic levels of Great Lakes food webs. Unexpectedly, no relationship between thiaminase activity and either the amount of P. thiaminolyticus thiaminase I protein or the abundance of P. thiaminolyticus cells was found. These results demonstrate that P. thiaminolyticus is not the primary source of thiaminase activity affecting Great Lakes salmonines and calls into question the long-standing assumption that P. thiaminolyticus is the source of thiaminase in other wild and domestic animals. C1 [Richter, Catherine A.; Zajicek, James L.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Evans, Allison N.; Heppell, Scott A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wright-Osment, Maureen K.] Five Rivers Serv LLC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Krueger, Charles C.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM CRichter@usgs.gov OI Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2006.837]; Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX The P. thiaminolyticus strain 8118 was a gift from Dale Honeyfield, USGS Northern Appalachian Research Laboratory, Wellsboro, Pennsylvania. This project was supported by Great Lakes Fishery Trust grant No. 2006.837 and the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's Fishery Research Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank two anonymous reviewers who provided thorough reviews and thoughtful comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1056 EP 1064 DI 10.1139/F2012-043 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 948WM UT WOS:000304533800006 ER PT J AU Muhlfeld, CC Thorrold, SR McMahon, TE Marotz, B AF Muhlfeld, Clint C. Thorrold, Simon R. McMahon, Thomas E. Marotz, Brian TI Estimating westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) movements in a river network using strontium isoscapes (vol 69, pg 906, 2012) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McMahon, Thomas E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Marotz, Brian] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012 OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1130 DI 10.1139/F2012-049 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 948WM UT WOS:000304533800012 ER PT J AU Strona, G Lafferty, KD AF Strona, Giovanni Lafferty, Kevin D. TI How to catch a parasite: Parasite Niche Modeler (PaNic) meets Fishbase SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; SPECIFICITY; PREDICTION AB Parasite Niche Modeler (PaNic) is a free online software tool that suggests potential hosts for fish parasites. For a particular parasite species from the major helminth groups (Acanthocephala, Cestoda, Monogenea, Nematoda, Trematoda), PaNic takes data from known hosts (maximum body length, growth rate, life span, age at first maturity, trophic level, phylogeny, and biogeography) and hypothesizes similar fish species that might serve as hosts to that parasite. Users can give varying weights to host attributes and create custom models. In addition to suggesting plausible hosts (with varying degrees of confidence), the models indicate known host species that appear to be outliers in comparison to other known hosts. These unique features make PaNic an innovative tool for addressing both theoretical and applied questions in fish parasitology. PaNic can be accessed at < http://purl.oclc.org/fishpest >. C1 [Strona, Giovanni] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Biotechnol & Biosci, IT-20126 Milan, Italy. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Strona, G (reprint author), Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Biotechnol & Biosci, IT-20126 Milan, Italy. EM giovanni.strona@unimib.it RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JUN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 6 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07439.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952BX UT WOS:000304765800001 ER PT J AU Flory, AR Kumar, S Stohlgren, TJ Cryan, PM AF Flory, Abigail R. Kumar, Sunil Stohlgren, Thomas J. Cryan, Paul M. TI Environmental conditions associated with bat white-nose syndrome mortality in the north-eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioclimatic modelling; Chiroptera; disease modelling; ecological niche models; fungus; Geomyces destructans; Maxent; pathogen risk assessment ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PSEUDO-ABSENCE DATA; GEOMYCES-DESTRUCTANS; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; EMERGING DISEASE; HIBERNATING BATS; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; SAMPLE-SIZE; CONSERVATION AB 1. White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease of hibernating North American bats that is caused by the cold-growing fungus Geomyces destructans. Since first observed in the winter of 2007, WNS has led to unprecedented mortality in several species of bats and may threaten more than 15 additional hibernating bat species if it continues across the continent. Although the exact means by which fungal infection causes mortality are undetermined, available evidence suggests a strong role of winter environmental conditions in disease mortality. 2. By 2010, the fungus G. destructans was detected in new areas of North America far from the area it was first observed, as well as in eight European bat species in different countries, yet mortality was not observed in many of these new areas of North America or in any part of Europe. This could be because of the differences in the fungus, rates of disease progression and/or in life-history or physiological traits of the affected bat species between different regions. Infection of bats by G. destructans without associated mortality might also suggest that certain environmental conditions might have to co-occur with fungal infection to cause mortality. 3. We tested the environmental conditions hypothesis using Maxent to map and model landscape surface conditions associated with WNS mortality. This approach was unique in that we modelled possible requisite environmental conditions for disease mortality and not simply the presence of the causative agent. 4. The top predictors of WNS mortality were land use/land cover types, mean air temperature of wettest quarter, elevation, frequency of precipitation and annual temperature range. Model results suggest that WNS mortality is most likely to occur in landscapes that are higher in elevation and topographically heterogeneous, drier and colder during winter, and more seasonally variable than surrounding landscapes. 5. Synthesis and applications. This study mapped the most likely environmental surface conditions associated with bat mortality owing to WNS in the north-eastern United Sates; maps can be used for selection of priority monitoring sites. Our results provide a starting point from which to investigate and predict the potential spread and population impacts of this catastrophic emerging disease. C1 [Kumar, Sunil] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Flory, Abigail R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sunil.kumar@colostate.edu RI Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009; OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 NR 50 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 10 U2 131 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 680 EP 689 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02129.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950PF UT WOS:000304660500018 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Ruggirello, JE Nack, CC AF Johnson, James H. Ruggirello, Jack E. Nack, Christopher C. TI Diel feeding periodicity of Ephemera simulans nymphs in summer and winter SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ephemera simulans; diel feeding periodicity ID ECOLOGY; STREAMS; FISH AB We examined diel feeding periodicity of Ephemera simulans nymphs during summer and winter in a third-order stream in central New York. A total of 245 nymphs were collected at 4-h intervals over two 24 h periods and were immediately preserved in 80% ethanol. In the laboratory, we weighed each nymph and its digestive tract. The ratio of wet weight of the digestive tract to the total body weight at each 4-h interval was used to determine feeding periodicity. Diel feeding periodicity followed a similar pattern in summer and winter and was significantly higher at 08:00 hours. Feeding periodicity of E. simulans in Labrador Creek is asynchronous with the two most abundant fish species in the stream and may reflect predator avoidance behavior that has been shown for other mayfly species. C1 [Johnson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Ruggirello, Jack E.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nack, Christopher C.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13205 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1080/02705060.2012.659221 PG 4 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 947TR UT WOS:000304454400012 ER PT J AU Wooller, MJ Pohlman, JW Gaglioti, BV Langdon, P Jones, M Anthony, KMW Becker, KW Hinrichs, KU Elvert, M AF Wooller, Matthew J. Pohlman, John W. Gaglioti, Benjamin V. Langdon, Peter Jones, Miriam Anthony, Katey M. Walter Becker, Kevin W. Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Elvert, Marcus TI Reconstruction of past methane availability in an Arctic Alaska wetland indicates climate influenced methane release during the past similar to 12,000 years SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chironomids; Temperature; Isotopes; Oxygen; Carbon; Biomarkers ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; LAKE CHIRONOMID LARVAE; PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; BIOGENIC METHANE; FOSSIL CHIRONOMIDS; ORGANIC-CARBON; RECORD; WATER; PALEOCLIMATE; BACTERIA AB Atmospheric contributions of methane from Arctic wetlands during the Holocene are dynamic and linked to climate oscillations. However, long-term records linking climate variability to methane availability in Arctic wetlands are lacking. We present a multi-proxy similar to 12,000 year paleoecological reconstruction of intermittent methane availability from a radiocarbon-dated sediment core (LQ-West) taken from a shallow tundra lake (Qalluuraq Lake) in Arctic Alaska. Specifically, stable carbon isotopic values of photosynthetic biomarkers and methane are utilized to estimate the proportional contribution of methane-derived carbon to lake-sediment-preserved benthic (chironomids) and pelagic (cladocerans) components over the last similar to 12,000 years. These results were compared to temperature, hydrologic, and habitat reconstructions from the same site using chironomid assemblage data, oxygen isotopes of chironomid head capsules, and radiocarbon ages of plant macrofossils. Cladoceran ephippia from similar to 4,000 cal year BP sediments have delta C-13 values that range from similar to-39 to -31aEuro degrees, suggesting peak methane carbon assimilation at that time. These low delta C-13 values coincide with an apparent decrease in effective moisture and development of a wetland that included Sphagnum subsecundum. Incorporation of methane-derived carbon by chironomids and cladocerans decreased from similar to 2,500 to 1,500 cal year BP, coinciding with a temperature decrease. Live-collected chironomids with a radiocarbon age of 1,640 cal year BP, and fossil chironomids from 1,500 cal year BP in the core illustrate that 'old' carbon has also contributed to the development of the aquatic ecosystem since similar to 1,500 cal year BP. The relatively low delta C-13 values of aquatic invertebrates (as low as -40.5aEuro degrees) provide evidence of methane incorporation by lake invertebrates, and suggest intermittent climate-linked methane release from the lake throughout the Holocene. C1 [Wooller, Matthew J.; Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Jones, Miriam; Anthony, Katey M. Walter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Quaternary Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gaglioti, Benjamin V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Langdon, Peter] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Becker, Kevin W.; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe; Elvert, Marcus] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Becker, Kevin W.; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe; Elvert, Marcus] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Wooller, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mjwooller@alaska.edu RI Langdon, Peter/B-4682-2013; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/C-7675-2009; OI Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/0000-0002-0739-9291; Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235; Becker, Kevin W./0000-0001-6317-1884; Langdon, Peter/0000-0003-2724-2643 FU US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-NT000565]; US National Science Foundation [ARC-0909523]; "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft'' through DFG-Research Center/Excellence Cluster "The Ocean in the Earth System''; DOE [DE-PS02-08ER08-05] FX We thank Nathan Stewart (UAF), Doug Whiteman (Atqasuk), Wanda Kippi (Atqasuk), Thomas Itta (Atqasuk), Robert Vagnetti (DOE-NETL), Laurel McFadden (UAF), Peter Anthony (UAF), and Monica Heintz (UCSB) for field assistance; Tim Howe and Norma Haubenstock for assistance with laboratory analyses; Hayley Essex and Madeleine Velupillai for picking chironomid samples; the community in Atqasuk for kindly hosting us, and the Mayor and members of the city council; Kimberly Brent and the Meade River School in Atqasuk for allowing us to share our work with high school students; Carolyn Ruppel (USGS) for generating the site map; Darrell Kaufman, three anonymous reviewers, and Ben Jones (USGS) for their constructive comments on our manuscript. This work was conducted under BLM permit (FF095556), and North Slope Borough permits (NSB 09-0478 and NSB 10-018). This work was supported by the US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (DE-NT000565) and US National Science Foundation (ARC-0909523 to Wooller). Funding for M. Elvert, K. Becker, and K.-U. Hinrichs was provided by the "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft'' through DFG-Research Center/Excellence Cluster "The Ocean in the Earth System''. K. Walter Anthony received additional support for methane-flux measurements and isotope analyses from the DOE Climate Change Prediction Program (Grant DE-PS02-08ER08-05). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 60 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 SI SI BP 27 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s10933-012-9591-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 949HI UT WOS:000304566900003 ER PT J AU Wooller, MJ Kurek, J Gaglioti, BV Cwynar, LC Bigelow, N Reuther, JD Gelvin-Reymiller, C Smol, JP AF Wooller, Matthew J. Kurek, Joshua Gaglioti, Benjamin V. Cwynar, Les C. Bigelow, Nancy Reuther, Joshua D. Gelvin-Reymiller, Carol Smol, John P. TI An similar to 11,200 year paleolimnological perspective for emerging archaeological findings at Quartz Lake, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oxygen isotopes; Carbon isotopes; Pisidiidae; Chironomids; Paleotemperature ID HOLOCENE CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; STABLE-ISOTOPE DATA; INTERIOR ALASKA; PALEOCLIMATIC RECONSTRUCTIONS; EASTERN BERINGIA; CARBON ISOTOPES; TANANA RIVER; HISTORY; TEPHRA AB Wetlands and lakes in the Tanana Valley, Alaska, have provided important resources for prehistoric humans who inhabited this region. We examine an similar to 11,200 cal yr BP record of environmental and paleolimnological changes from Quartz Lake in the middle Tanana Valley. Our data are also presented in the context of recent archaeological findings in the lake's general vicinity that have 18 associated AMS C-14 dates. We analyzed the stable-carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of total organic matter from the core, coupled with oxygen and carbon isotope analyses of Pisidiidae shells (fingernail clams), in addition to chironomid assemblage changes. Lacustrine sediments began to accumulate at similar to 11,200 cal yr BP. Initially, autochthonous production was low and allochthonous organic input was negligible between 11,000 and 10,500 cal yr BP, and were associated with relatively cool conditions at Quartz Lake at similar to 10,700 cal yr BP. After 10,500 cal yr BP, autochthonous production was higher coincident with a shift to chironomid assemblages dominated by taxa associated with warmer summer climates. A decrease in delta C-13 values of total organic carbon (TOC) and organic content of the sediment between 9,000 and 4,000 cal yr BP may indicate declining autochthonous primary production. This period ended with an abrupt (similar to 7 %(0)) decrease in the delta O-18 values from Pisidiidae shells at similar to 3,000 cal yr BP, which we hypothesize represented an episodic connection (flood) of the lake with flow from the nearby (similar to 6 km) Tanana River. Our findings coincide with evidence for major flooding at other locations connected to the Tanana River and further afield in Alaska. From similar to 3,000 cal yr BP Quartz Lake subsequently appeared to become a relatively closed system, as indicated by the delta O-18(Pisidiidae) and delta C-13(Pisidiidae) data that are positively correlated and generally higher, which also correlates with a shift to moderately higher abundances of littoral chironomids. The cause of the transition to closed-basin conditions may have been geomorphic rather than climatic. This evidence of a progressively stronger evaporative influence on the lake's closed hydrology after similar to 3,000 cal yr BP is consistent with our modern delta O-18 and delta D water data from Quartz Lake that plot along a regional evaporative line we base on isotopic measurements from other local lakes and rivers. C1 [Wooller, Matthew J.; Gaglioti, Benjamin V.] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wooller, Matthew J.; Bigelow, Nancy] Univ Alaska, Alaska Quaternary Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kurek, Joshua; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab PEARL, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Gaglioti, Benjamin V.] US Geol Survey, Geog Program, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Cwynar, Les C.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Reuther, Joshua D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gelvin-Reymiller, Carol] Univ Alaska, Dept Anthropol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wooller, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mjwooller@alaska.edu RI Cwynar, Les/I-4214-2012; Smol, John/A-8838-2015; OI Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 FU US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-NT000565]; US National Science Foundation [ARC-0909523]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was partially supported by funding from the US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (Grant DE-NT000565) and US National Science Foundation (Grant ARC-0909523) awarded to Wooller. We also acknowledge financial support of Cwynar, Kurek and Smol from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We thank Dave Klein, Tom Ager, Sean Brennan, Mandy Booth, and Ben Potter for discussions and field assistance. We thank three anonymous reviewers and Darrell Kaufman for their helpful suggestions on an earlier draft. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 SI SI BP 83 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s10933-012-9610-9 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 949HI UT WOS:000304566900007 ER PT J AU Garnit, H Bouhlel, S Barca, D Johnson, CA Chtara, C AF Garnit, Hechmi Bouhlel, Salah Barca, Donatella Johnson, Craig A. Chtara, Chaker TI Phosphorite-hosted zinc and lead mineralization in the Sekarna deposit (Central Tunisia) SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Zn-Pb deposits; Sedimentary phosphorites; Sekarna; Central Tunisia ID STABLE-ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; ZN-PB DEPOSITS; BARITE CONCRETIONS; MINOR ELEMENTS; SOUTH CHINA; SULFUR; BASIN; SULFATE; ORE; GENESIS AB The Sekarna Zn-Pb deposit is located in Central Tunisia at the northeastern edge of the Cenozoic Rohia graben. Mineralization comprises two major ore types: (1) disseminated Zn-Pb sulfides that occur as lenses in sedimentary phosphorite layers and (2) cavity-filling zinc oxides (calamine-type ores) that crosscut Late Cretaceous and Early Eocene limestone. We studied Zn sulfide mineralization in the Saint Pierre ore body, which is hosted in a 5-m-thick sedimentary phosphorite unit of Early Eocene age. The sulfide mineralization occurs as replacements of carbonate cement in phosphorite. The ores comprise stratiform lenses rich in sphalerite with minor galena, Fe sulfides, and earlier diagenetic barite. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses of sphalerite and galena show a wide range of minor element contents with significant enrichment of cadmium in both sphalerite (6,000-20,000 ppm) and galena (12-189 ppm). The minor element enrichments likely reflect the influence of the immediate organic-rich host rocks. Fluid inclusions in sphalerite give homogenization temperatures of 80-130A degrees C. The final ice melting temperatures range from -22A degrees C to -11A degrees C, which correspond to salinities of 15-24 wt.% NaCl eq. and suggest a basinal brine origin for the fluids. Sulfur isotope analyses show uniformly negative values for sphalerite (-11.2aEuro degrees to -9.3aEuro degrees) and galena (-16aEuro degrees to -12.3aEuro degrees). The delta S-34 of barite, which averages 25.1aEuro degrees, is 4aEuro degrees higher than the value for Eocene seawater sulfate. The sulfur isotopic compositions are inferred to reflect sulfur derivation through bacterial reduction of contemporaneous seawater sulfate, possibly in restricted basins where organic matter was abundant. The Pb isotopes suggest an upper crustal lead source. C1 [Garnit, Hechmi; Bouhlel, Salah] El Manar Univ, Dept Geol, Fac Sci Tunis, Tunis 2092, Tunisia. [Barca, Donatella] Univ Calabria, Dept Earth Sci, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy. [Johnson, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chtara, Chaker] GCT, Gabes 6002, Tunisia. RP Garnit, H (reprint author), El Manar Univ, Dept Geol, Fac Sci Tunis, Tunis 2092, Tunisia. EM garnit1hechmi@yahoo.fr; salah.bouhlel@fst.rnu.tn; barca@unical.it OI Barca, Donatella/0000-0002-3087-8418; BOUHLEL, Salah/0000-0003-3466-4633 FU Fulbright FX This paper is part of a Doctorate thesis of the first author. We would like to express our thanks to Sheldon A. Skaggs (Department of Geology, Building University of Georgia Athens) for lead isotope analyses. We wish to thank Karen Duttweiler Kelley (USGS, Denver USA) for constructive comments and for English edits. We are grateful to Christian Marignac for the editorial handling and his effort to improve this article. Yves Fuchs and Etienne Delloul, two reviewers of this article, are gratefully acknowledged for their critical and constructive comments that helped significantly improve the manuscript. Bernd Lehmann, editor-in-chief of the journal, is thanked for his constructive comments on the article. S. Bouhlel gratefully acknowledges support by Fulbright Scholar Grant that made possible the carbon, oxygen, and sulfur analysis at the USGS Denver, USA. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 EI 1432-1866 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 5 BP 545 EP 562 DI 10.1007/s00126-011-0395-y PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 949GW UT WOS:000304565700006 ER PT J AU Zelikova, TJ Housman, DC Grote, EE Neher, DA Belnap, J AF Zelikova, Tamara J. Housman, David C. Grote, Ed E. Neher, Deborah A. Belnap, Jayne TI Warming and increased precipitation frequency on the Colorado Plateau: implications for biological soil crusts and soil processes SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Colorado Plateau; Biological soil crusts; Climate change; Soil chemistry ID EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME-ACTIVITY; SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MOJAVE DESERT ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; ELEVATED CO2; NITROGEN-FIXATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE AB Changes in temperature and precipitation are expected to influence ecosystem processes worldwide. Despite their globally large extent, few studies to date have examined the effects of climate change in desert ecosystems, where biological soil crusts are key nutrient cycling components. The goal of this work was to assess how increased temperature and frequency of summertime precipitation affect the contributions of crust organisms to soil processes. With a combination of experimental 2A degrees C warming and altered summer precipitation frequency applied over 2 years, we measured soil nutrient cycling and the structure and function of crust communities. We saw no change in crust cover, composition, or other measures of crust function in response to 2A degrees C warming and no effects on any measure of soil chemistry. In contrast, crust cover and function responded to increased frequency of summer precipitation, shifting from moss to cyanobacteria-dominated crusts; however, in the short timeframe we measured, there was no accompanying change in soil chemistry. Total bacterial and fungal biomass was also reduced in watered plots, while the activity of two enzymes increased, indicating a functional change in the microbial community. Taken together, our results highlight the limited effects of warming alone on biological soil crust communities and soil chemistry, but demonstrate the substantially larger effects of altered summertime precipitation. C1 [Zelikova, Tamara J.; Grote, Ed E.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Housman, David C.] Natl Training Ctr, ITAM, Ft Irwin, CA 92310 USA. [Neher, Deborah A.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Zelikova, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jzelikova@usgs.gov FU DOE PER FX Thanks to DOE PER program and Jeff Amthor for providing funding for this project. Thomas R. Weicht, Nicholas LeValley, Henrietta Oakley and Koela Ray provided technical support in conducting extracellular enzyme assays and Kelly Ramirez provided helpful suggestions for extracellular enzyme analyses. We also thank S. Phillips, M. Turner, P. Ortiz, A. Atchley, A. Collins, J. Aylward, B. Graham, K. Markland, T. Orbiz, and many more for help in the field and with lab analyses. We are grateful to M. Bowker and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 81 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 10 U2 118 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 2012 VL 355 IS 1-2 BP 265 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s11104-011-1097-z PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 949ZH UT WOS:000304617000020 ER PT J AU Corsi, SR Mericas, D Bowman, GT AF Corsi, Steven R. Mericas, Dean Bowman, George T. TI Oxygen Demand of Aircraft and Airfield Pavement Deicers and Alternative Freezing Point Depressants SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Biochemical oxygen demand; Aircraft deicers; Pavement deicers; Freezing point depressant ID DEICING FLUIDS; BIODEGRADATION; AIRPORT; RUNOFF; SOIL AB Aircraft and pavement deicing formulations and other potential freezing point depressants were tested for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Propylene glycol-based aircraft deicers exhibited greater BOD5 than ethylene glycol-based aircraft deicers, and ethylene glycol-based products had lower degradation rates than propylene glycol-based products. Sodium formate pavement deicers had lower COD than acetate-based pavement deicers. The BOD and COD results for acetate-based pavement deicers (PDMs) were consistently lower than those for aircraft deicers, but degradation rates were greater in the acetate-based PDM than in aircraft deicers. In a 40-day testing of aircraft and pavement deicers, BOD results at 20A degrees C (standard) were consistently greater than the results from 5A degrees C (low) tests. The degree of difference between standard and low temperature BOD results varied among tested products. Freshwater BOD test results were not substantially different from marine water tests at 20A degrees C, but glycols degraded slower in marine water than in fresh water for low temperature tests. Acetate-based products had greater percentage degradation than glycols at both temperatures. An additive component of the sodium formate pavement deicer exhibited toxicity to the microorganisms, so BOD testing did not work properly for this formulation. BOD testing of alternative freezing point depressants worked well for some, there was little response for some, and for others there was a lag in response while microorganisms acclimated to the freezing point depressant as a food source. Where the traditional BOD5 test performed adequately, values ranged from 251 to 1,580 g/kg. Where the modified test performed adequately, values of BOD28 ranged from 242 to 1,540 g/kg. C1 [Corsi, Steven R.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Bowman, George T.] Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Mericas, Dean] CH2M Hill Inc, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Corsi, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM srcorsi@usgs.gov; Dean.Mericas@CH2M.com; georgebowman@tds.net FU Airport Cooperative Research Program FX Support for this research was provided by the Airport Cooperative Research Program. We thank Kevin Joback of Molecular Knowledge Systems, Harris Gold of Info-scietex Corporation, Graham Anderson, Anthony Plourde, Susan Hill, Michael Manix, Steven Geis, Sharon Kluender, and Sharon Long of the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, and Lee Ferguson of Duke University for technical input and laboratory analytical work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 223 IS 5 BP 2447 EP 2461 DI 10.1007/s11270-011-1036-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 947XF UT WOS:000304467000042 ER PT J AU Mumford, AC Barringer, JL Benzel, WM Reilly, PA Young, LY AF Mumford, Adam C. Barringer, Julia L. Benzel, William M. Reilly, Pamela A. Young, L. Y. TI Microbial transformations of arsenic: Mobilization from glauconitic sediments to water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Arsenate; Microbes; arrA; Mobilization; Microbial reduction ID STRAIN MLHE-1; SEQUENCE DATA; DELTA PLAIN; WEST-BENGAL; GROUNDWATER; REDUCTION; BANGLADESH; AQUIFERS; RELEASE; IDENTIFICATION AB In the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey, arsenic (As) is released from glauconitic sediment to carbon- and nutrient-rich shallow groundwater. This As-rich groundwater discharges to a major area stream. We hypothesize that microbes play an active role in the mobilization of As from glauconitic subsurface sediments into groundwater in the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey. We have examined the potential impact of microbial activity on the mobilization of arsenic from subsurface sediments into the groundwater at a site on Crosswicks Creek in southern New Jersey. The As contents of sediments 33-90 cm below the streambed were found to range from 15 to 26.4 mg/kg, with siderite forming at depth. Groundwater beneath the streambed contains As at concentrations Up to 89 mu g/L. Microcosms developed from site sediments released 23 mu g/L of As, and active microbial reduction of As(V) was observed in microcosms developed from site groundwater. DNA extracted from site sediments was amplified with primers for the 16S rRNA gene and the arsenate respiratory reductase gene, arrA, and indicated the presence of a diverse anaerobic microbial community, as well as the presence of potential arsenic-reducing bacteria. In addition, high iron (Fe) concentrations in groundwater and the presence of iron-reducing microbial genera suggests that Fe reduction in minerals may provide an additional mechanism for release of associated As, while arsenic-reducing microorganisms may serve to enhance the mobility of As in groundwater at this site. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mumford, Adam C.; Young, L. Y.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Barringer, Julia L.; Reilly, Pamela A.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Benzel, William M.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Young, LY (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM Lyoung@aesop.rutgers.edu OI Mumford, Adam/0000-0002-8082-8910 FU New Jersey Water Resources Research Institute; Aresty Undergraduate Research Center; New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection FX Funding for the microbiological work was provided in part by the New Jersey Water Resources Research Institute and the Aresty Undergraduate Research Center. The authors are grateful to M. Paul Field of the Rutgers Inorganic Analytical Laboratory for assistance with ICP-OES analysis. Funding for the geochemical part of the study was provided by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; thanks go to Barbara Hirst and Kimberly Cenno for administering the funds and for their assistance in planning the study. The authors thank LaDonna Choate, Heather Lowers, and Paul Lamothe (USGS) for ICP/MS and SEM analyses. (Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.) NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 77 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2859 EP 2868 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.044 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 949OK UT WOS:000304585300005 PM 22494492 ER PT J AU Groves, CR Game, ET Anderson, MG Cross, M Enquist, C Ferdana, Z Girvetz, E Gondor, A Hall, KR Higgins, J Marshall, R Popper, K Schill, S Shafer, SL AF Groves, Craig R. Game, Edward T. Anderson, Mark G. Cross, Molly Enquist, Carolyn Ferdana, Zach Girvetz, Evan Gondor, Anne Hall, Kimberly R. Higgins, Jonathan Marshall, Rob Popper, Ken Schill, Steve Shafer, Sarah L. TI Incorporating climate change into systematic conservation planning SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Climate refugia; Geophysical stage; Connectivity; Ecosystem function and process; Climate change adaptation ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; GLOBAL-CHANGE; ADAPTATION STRATEGIES; MARINE RESERVES; CHANGE EXAMPLES; SOUTH-AFRICA; CORAL-REEFS; DIE-OFF AB The principles of systematic conservation planning are now widely used by governments and non-government organizations alike to develop biodiversity conservation plans for countries, states, regions, and ecoregions. Many of the species and ecosystems these plans were designed to conserve are now being affected by climate change, and there is a critical need to incorporate new and complementary approaches into these plans that will aid species and ecosystems in adjusting to potential climate change impacts. We propose five approaches to climate change adaptation that can be integrated into existing or new biodiversity conservation plans: (1) conserving the geophysical stage, (2) protecting climatic refugia, (3) enhancing regional connectivity, (4) sustaining ecosystem process and function, and (5) capitalizing on opportunities emerging in response to climate change. We discuss both key assumptions behind each approach and the trade-offs involved in using the approach for conservation planning. We also summarize additional data beyond those typically used in systematic conservation plans required to implement these approaches. A major strength of these approaches is that they are largely robust to the uncertainty in how climate impacts may manifest in any given region. C1 [Groves, Craig R.] Nature Conservancy, Conservat Sci Grp, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Game, Edward T.] Nature Conservancy, Conservat Sci Grp, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Anderson, Mark G.] Nature Conservancy, Eastern N Amer Div, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Cross, Molly] Wildlife Conservat Soc, N Amer Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Enquist, Carolyn] Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Enquist, Carolyn] Wildlife Soc, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ferdana, Zach] Nature Conservancy, Global Marine Team, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Girvetz, Evan] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Girvetz, Evan] Nature Conservancy, Global Climate Team, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Gondor, Anne] Nature Conservancy, Gulf Calif & Pacific Program, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Hall, Kimberly R.] Nature Conservancy, Great Lakes Program, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Higgins, Jonathan] Nature Conservancy, Global Freshwater Team, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Marshall, Rob] Nature Conservancy, Arizona Program, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Popper, Ken] Nature Conservancy, Oregon Program, Portland, OR 97214 USA. [Schill, Steve] Nature Conservancy, Caribbean Program, Provo, UT 84604 USA. [Shafer, Sarah L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Groves, CR (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Conservat Sci Grp, 40 E Main St, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM craig_groves@tnc.org FU USGS FX We thank P. Kareiva, M. Marvier, M. Conte, C. Pearl, and R. Seidl for reviewing and editing earlier versions of this manuscript. S. Shafer received support from the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research & Development Program. We also thank H. Possingham and an anonymous reviewer who provided comments and additional references that significantly improved the quality and comprehensiveness of this paper. NR 105 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 15 U2 173 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1651 EP 1671 DI 10.1007/s10531-012-0269-3 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944AY UT WOS:000304171900002 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Majewski, MS Mahler, BJ Foreman, WT Braun, CL Wilson, JT Burbank, TL AF Van Metre, Peter C. Majewski, Michael S. Mahler, Barbara J. Foreman, William T. Braun, Christopher L. Wilson, Jennifer T. Burbank, Teresa L. TI Volatilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal-tar-sealed pavement SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Sealcoat; Pavement sealant; PAHs; Volatilization ID MEASURING PESTICIDE EVAPORATION; PARKING LOT SEALCOAT; LAKE-MICHIGAN; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; UNRECOGNIZED SOURCE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; UNITED-STATES; CANCER-RISK; AMBIENT AIR; PART I AB Coal-tar-based pavement sealants, a major source of PAHs to urban water bodies, are a potential source of volatile PAHs to the atmosphere. An initial assessment of volatilization of PAHs from coal-tar-sealed pavement is presented here in which we measured summertime gas-phase PAH concentrations 0.03 m and 1.28 m above the pavement surface of seven sealed (six with coal-tar-based sealant and one with asphalt-based sealant) and three unsealed (two asphalt and one concrete) parking lots in central Texas. PAHs also were measured in parking lot dust. The geometric mean concentration of the sum of eight frequently detected PAHs (Sigma PAH(8)) in the 0.03-m samples above sealed lots (1320 ng m(-3)) during the hottest part of the day was 20 times greater than that above unsealed lots (66.5 ng m(-3)). The geometric mean concentration in the 1.28-m samples above sealed lots (138 ng m(-3)) was five times greater than above unsealed lots (26.0 ng m(-3)). Estimated PAH flux from the sealed lots was 60 times greater than that from unsealed lots (geometric means of 88 and 1.4 mu g m(-2) h(-1), respectively). Although the data set presented here is small, the much higher estimated fluxes from sealed pavement than from unsealed pavement indicate that coal-tar-based sealants are emitting PAHs to urban air at high rates compared to other paved surfaces. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.; Braun, Christopher L.; Wilson, Jennifer T.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. [Majewski, Michael S.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Foreman, William T.; Burbank, Teresa L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Wilson, Jennifer/0000-0003-4481-6354; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.072 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944WY UT WOS:000304235700001 PM 22289152 ER PT J AU Mebane, CA Dillon, FS Hennessy, DP AF Mebane, Christopher A. Dillon, Frank S. Hennessy, Daniel P. TI Acute toxicity of cadmium, lead, zinc, and their mixtures to stream-resident fish and invertebrates SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Site-specific criteria; Resident species procedure; Fish size; Soft water; Metal mixture toxicity ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WATER-QUALITY CRITERIA; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; AQUATIC INSECTS; COTTUS-BAIRDI; GILL BINDING; COPPER; METALS AB The authors conducted 150 tests of the acute toxicity of resident fish and invertebrates to Cd, Pb, and Zn, separately and in mixtures, in waters from the South Fork Coeur d'Alene River watershed, Idaho, USA. Field-collected shorthead sculpin (Cottus confusus), westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), two mayflies (Baetis tricaudatus and Rhithrogena sp.), a stonefly (Sweltsa sp.), a caddisfly (Arctopsyche sp.), a snail (Gyraulus sp.), and hatchery rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were tested with all three metals. With Pb, the mayflies (Drunella sp., Epeorus sp., and Leptophlebiidae), a Simuliidae black fly, a Chironomidae midge, a Tipula sp. crane fly, a Dytiscidae beetle, and another snail (Physa sp.), were also tested. Adult westslope cutthroat trout were captured to establish a broodstock to provide fry of known ages for testing. With Cd, the range of 96-h median effect concentrations (EC50s) was 0.4 to >5,329?mu g/L, and the relative resistances of taxa were westslope cutthroat trout similar to rainbow trout approximate to sculpin << other taxa; with Pb, EC50s ranged from 47 to 3,323?mu g/L, with westslope cutthroat trout??1 PSUs, and this can marginally increase cost and complicate implementation. We show that it is possible to obtain an unbiased estimate of variance if the researcher takes only a single PSU and one or more SSUs. Although this is no longer a true systematic sample, such a design retains much of the simplicity of sampling a single PSU and allows for a valid variance estimate. This paper introduces three new sampling strategies stemming from systematic adaptive cluster sampling and the Raj estimator. The new sampling designs will be referred to as partial systematic adaptive cluster sampling. The sampling strategies are investigated in a simulation study that utilizes distance traveled as a measure of cost when comparing sampling strategies. When only a single PSU can be sampled because of cost or logistics concerns, we recommend also sampling one or more SSUs to obtain an unbiased estimate of variance. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dryver, Arthur L.] Natl Inst Dev Adm, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. [Netharn, Urairat] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Fisheries, Dept Fishery Management, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Smith, David R.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Dryver, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Dev Adm, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. EM dryver@gmail.com FU Graduate School of Business Administration, NIDA, Bangkok, Thailand FX The authors would like to thank the Graduate School of Business Administration, NIDA, Bangkok, Thailand for their support. The authors would also like to thank the associate editor and referees for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD JUN PY 2012 VL 23 IS 4 BP 306 EP 316 DI 10.1002/env.2144 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 947OQ UT WOS:000304439800004 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, NM Hupp, JW Flint, PL Pearce, JM Shigeta, Y Shimada, T Hiraoka, EN Higuchi, H AF Yamaguchi, Noriyuki M. Hupp, Jerry W. Flint, Paul L. Pearce, John M. Shigeta, Yusuke Shimada, Tetsuo Hiraoka, Emiko N. Higuchi, Hiroyoshi TI Habitat use and movement patterns of Northern Pintails during spring in northern Japan: the importance of agricultural lands SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agricultural land use; Anas acuta; human activity; migration; satellite tracking ID CALIFORNIA CENTRAL-VALLEY; WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; RICE FIELDS; SNOW GEESE; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; WINTERING WATERFOWL; SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA; SATELLITE-TRACKING; GOOSE POPULATIONS; SOUTHERN OREGON AB From 2006 to 2009, we marked 198 Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) with satellite transmitters on their wintering areas in Japan to study their migration routes and habitat use in spring staging areas. We hypothesized that the distribution of pintails during spring staging was influenced by patterns of land use and expected that the most frequently used areas would have more agricultural habitat than lesser-used areas. We obtained 3031 daily locations from 163 migrant pintails marked with satellite transmitters and identified 524 stopover sites. Based on a fixed kernel home range analysis of stopover utilization distribution (UD), core staging areas (areas within the 50% UD) were identified in northern Honshu and western Hokkaido, and were used by 71% of marked pintails. Core staging areas had a greater proportion of rice fields than peripheral (5195% UD) and rarely used (outside the 95% UD) staging areas. Stopover sites also contained more rice fields and other agricultural land than were available at regional scales, indicating that pintails selected rice and other agricultural habitats at regional and local scales. Pintails remained at spring staging areas an average of 51 d. Prolonged staging in agricultural habitats of northern Japan was likely necessary for pintails to prepare for transoceanic migration to Arctic nesting areas in eastern Russia. C1 [Yamaguchi, Noriyuki M.; Hiraoka, Emiko N.; Higuchi, Hiroyoshi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Hupp, Jerry W.; Flint, Paul L.; Pearce, John M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Shigeta, Yusuke] Wildlife Management Inc, Machida, Tokyo 1940044, Japan. [Shimada, Tetsuo] Miyagi Prefectural Izunuma Uchinuma Environm Fdn, Kurihara, Miyagi 9895504, Japan. RP Yamaguchi, NM (reprint author), Nagasaki Univ, Anim Ecol Lab, Fac Environm Studies, Bunkyo Machi 1-14, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan. EM noriyuki@nagasaki-u.ac.jp RI Shigeta, Yasuteru/D-4714-2015; OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Ministry of the Environment of Japan; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Geological Survey FX A. Azuma, A. Bowman, G. Fujita, O. Fujita, N. Hijikata, A. Hotta, N. Kataoka, N. Kishimoto, S. Konno, M. Kurechi, F. Nakayama, M. Okuyama, A. Ramey, R. Sakane, K. Takagi, K. Takehara, K. Tanabayashi, K.-I. Tokita, K. Uchida, M. Ueta, and Y. Yamaguchi helped capture pintails. N. Hijikata assisted in making a satellite-tracking database. A. Bowman improved the English of the earlier draft. This research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, the Ministry of the Environment of Japan, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the United States Geological Survey. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 83 IS 2 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2012.00364.x PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 947RK UT WOS:000304447200004 ER PT J AU Wood, NJ Schmidtlein, MC AF Wood, Nathan J. Schmidtlein, Mathew C. TI Anisotropic path modeling to assess pedestrian-evacuation potential from Cascadia-related tsunamis in the US Pacific Northwest SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Evacuation; Least-cost distance; Modeling; Pedestrian; Cascadia AB Recent disasters highlight the threat that tsunamis pose to coastal communities. When developing tsunami-education efforts and vertical-evacuation strategies, emergency managers need to understand how much time it could take for a coastal population to reach higher ground before tsunami waves arrive. To improve efforts to model pedestrian evacuations from tsunamis, we examine the sensitivity of least-cost-distance models to variations in modeling approaches, data resolutions, and travel-rate assumptions. We base our observations on the assumption that an anisotropic approach that uses path-distance algorithms and accounts for variations in land cover and directionality in slope is the most realistic of an actual evacuation landscape. We focus our efforts on the Long Beach Peninsula in Washington (USA), where a substantial residential and tourist population is threatened by near-field tsunamis related to a potential Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. Results indicate thousands of people are located in areas where evacuations to higher ground will be difficult before arrival of the first tsunami wave. Deviations from anisotropic modeling assumptions substantially influence the amount of time likely needed to reach higher ground. Across the entire study, changes in resolution of elevation data has a greater impact on calculated travel times than changes in land-cover resolution. In particular areas, land-cover resolution had a substantial impact when travel-inhibiting waterways were not reflected in small-scale data. Changes in travel-speed parameters had a substantial impact also, suggesting the importance of public-health campaigns as a tsunami risk-reduction strategy. C1 [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Schmidtlein, Mathew C.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geog, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Wood, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM nwood@usgs.gov; schmidtlein@csus.edu OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program. We thank Susan Benjamin, William Forney, Ronald Kirby, and Mara Tongue of the USGS, John Schelling of the State of Washington Military Department Emergency Management Division, Patrick Corcoran of Oregon Sea Grant, Kevin Borden of Digital Sandbox, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of earlier versions of the article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUN PY 2012 VL 62 IS 2 BP 275 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9994-2 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 943HY UT WOS:000304112700009 ER PT J AU Mcglue, MM Ellis, GS Cohen, AS Swarzenski, PW AF Mcglue, Michael M. Ellis, Geoffrey S. Cohen, Andrew S. Swarzenski, Peter W. TI Playa-lake sedimentation and organic matter accumulation in an Andean piggyback basin: the recent record from the Cuenca de Pozuelos, North-west Argentina SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Laguna de los Pozuelos; piggyback basin; playa lake; Puna; sedimentary organic matter ID GREEN RIVER FORMATION; FORELAND BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO; ATACAMA DESERT; SALINE LAKE AB Expansive playa-lake systems situated in high-altitude piggyback basins are important and conspicuous components of both modern and ancient cordilleran orogenic systems. Extant playa lakes provide vital habitat for numerous endemic species, whereas sediments from these deposystems may record signals of climate change or develop natural resources over geological time. Laguna de los Pozuelos (North-west Argentina) provides the opportunity for an actualistic sedimentological and geochemical assessment of a piggyback basin playa lake in an area of critical interest for understanding Quaternary palaeoclimate dynamics. Silty clays and diatom ooze are the dominant playa-lake centre microfacies, with concentrations of total organic carbon and biogenic silica commonly exceeding 1.5 wt% in this sub-environment. Elemental and stable isotopic analyses point to a mixed organic matter composition in the playa-lake centre, with substantial contributions from algae and transported aquatic macrophytes. Bulk sediment and organic mass accumulation rates in the southern playa-lake centre approach 0.22 g cm(-2) year(-1) and 2.89 mg cm(-2) year(-1), respectively, indicating moderately rapid deposition with negligible deflation over historic time. Playa margin facies contain higher percentages of fragmented biogenic carbonate (ostracods and charophytes) and inorganically precipitated aragonite crusts due to seasonal pumping and evaporation of ground water. Organic matter accumulation is limited along these heavily bioturbated wet and dry mud flats. Fluviallacustrine transitional environments, which are key waterbird habitats, are either silty terminal splay (northern axis) or sandy deltas (southern axis) containing highly oxidized and partially allochthonous organic matter. Modern analogue data from Laguna de los Pozuelos provide key insights for: (i) environmental reconstructions of ancient lake sequences; and (ii) improving facies models for piggyback basins. C1 [Mcglue, Michael M.; Cohen, Andrew S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Mcglue, MM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mmmcglue@email.arizona.edu RI McGlue, Michael/C-9752-2014; OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 FU NSF [EAR-0542993]; ACS/PRF [45910-AC8]; ExxonMobil Upstream Research; AAPG; GSA; Sigma Xi; University of Arizona-Chevron Corporation; USGS FX Major grants from NSF (EAR-0542993), ACS/PRF (45910-AC8) and ExxonMobil Upstream Research provided the financial support for this research. Smaller grants in aid of research to MM from AAPG, GSA, Sigma Xi and the University of Arizona-Chevron Corporation Summer Research fund helped to support field activities in Argentina. The authors gratefully acknowledge the logistical assistance of J. Omarini, E. Piovano and A. Kirschbaum during their involvement in the project. The staff at Monumento Naturale Laguna de los Pozuelos provided vital access during the field campaigns. The authors deeply appreciate the assistance of C. Gans, F. Cordoba, M. Barrionuevo and E. Gleeson in the field, and M. Fan, X. Zhang, J. Ash and M. Trees in the laboratory. PWS graciously acknowledges continued support from the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Conversations with S. Ivory, A. Kowler, C. Johnson, R. Renaut and comments from two anonymous reviewers improved aspects of this work. The staff at the Limnological Research Center at the University of Minnesota, R. Schow, H. Steblay and M. Murphy graciously hosted MM while laboratory work for this project was completed. NR 91 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1237 EP 1256 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2011.01304.x PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA 943AT UT WOS:000304093500005 ER PT J AU Jean, A Telles, ND Gibson, JR Foley, D Miller, KB AF Jean, April Telles, Nicole D. Gibson, J. Randy Foley, Dan Miller, Kelly B. TI DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF STYGOBIONTIC DIVING BEETLE, PSYCHOPOMPORUS FELIPI JEAN, TELLES, AND MILLER (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE: HYDROPORINAE), FROM THE EDWARDS-TRINITY AQUIFER SYSTEM OF TEXAS, USA SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; stygofauna; groundwater; karst; subterranean ID GENERA LIMBODESSUS GUIGNOT; UNDERGROUND WATERS; NIRRIPIRTI WATTS; AUSTRALIA; HUMPHREYS AB Psychopomporus felipi Jean, Telles, and Miller, new genus and new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), is described from San Felipe Springs, Val Verde County, Texas, USA, which emerges from the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system. Psychopomporus felipi shows several features typical of subterranean diving beetles, such as depigmentation, compound eyes reduced, elytra fused, and flight wings absent. Psychopomporus differs from other hydroporine genera in having a broad elytral epipleuron, the prosternal process small and with a medial, strongly produced prominence, and the meso- and (to a lesser extent) protibia apically broadly expanded and medially distinctly curved. This is the fourth stygobiontic diving beetle described from the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system in south-central Texas, USA. C1 [Jean, April] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Telles, Nicole D.; Miller, Kelly B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Telles, Nicole D.; Miller, Kelly B.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Gibson, J. Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Gibson, J. Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ctr Technol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Foley, Dan] Sul Ross State Univ, Rio Grande Coll, Dept Biol, Del Rio, TX 78840 USA. RP Jean, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ajtafoya@unm.edu; nikitay@unm.edu; Randy_Gibson@fws.gov; dfoley@sulross.edu; kbmiller@unm.edu RI Miller, Kelly/I-6651-2012 FU UNM MARC program [NIH-T34GM008751]; UNM UNO program [NSF-DEB 0731350]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0845984] FX We would like to thank the Museum of Southwestern Biology Division of Arthropods (D. Lightfoot and S. Brantley, collection managers). We thank M. A. Nelson and the UNM MARC program (grant #NIH-T34GM008751) and J.A. Cook and the UNM UNO program (grant #NSF-DEB 0731350). Considerable support and advice were provided by E. Nearns, N. Lord, and other members of the Miller Laboratory of Insect Systematics. Portions of this project were funded by National Science Foundation grant #DEB-0845984. We thank P. Diaz for his help with field collections, laboratory sorting, and review of the manuscript. We also thank C. Barr, D. Bowles, G. Longley, and the staff of the San Marcos National Fish Hatchery for manuscript review. Views presented do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, or the National Institutions of Health. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 66 IS 2 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 142UF UT WOS:000318822400005 PM 25177045 ER PT J AU Perakis, SS Matkins, JJ Hibbs, DE AF Perakis, Steven S. Matkins, Joselin J. Hibbs, David E. TI Interactions of tissue and fertilizer nitrogen on decomposition dynamics of lignin-rich conifer litter SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE decomposition; Douglas-fir; feedback; fertilization; forest; immobilization; lignin; manganese; nitrogen; Oregon; Pseudotsuga menziesii ID PINE NEEDLE LITTER; DOUGLAS-FIR; FORESTS; CARBON; RATES; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; DEPOSITION; SUBSTRATE; PLANT AB High tissue nitrogen (N) accelerates decomposition of high-quality leaf litter in the early phases of mass loss, but the influence of initial tissue N variation on the decomposition of lignin-rich litter is less resolved. Because environmental changes such as atmospheric N deposition and elevated CO2 can alter tissue N levels within species more rapidly than they alter the species composition of ecosystems, it is important to consider how within-species variation in tissue N may shape litter decomposition and associated N dynamics. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is a widespread lignin-rich conifer that dominates forests of high carbon (C) storage across western North America, and displays wide variation in tissue and litter N that reflects landscape variation in soil N. We collected eight unique Douglas-fir litter sources that spanned a two-fold range in initial N concentrations (0.67-1.31%) with a narrow range of lignin (29-35%), and examined relationships between initial litter chemistry, decomposition, and N dynamics in both ambient and N fertilized plots at four sites over 3 yr. High initial litter N slowed decomposition rates in both early (0.67 yr) and late (3 yr) stages in unfertilized plots. Applications of N fertilizer to litters accelerated early-stage decomposition, but slowed late-stage decomposition, and most strongly affected low-N litters, which equalized decomposition rates across litters regardless of initial N concentrations. Decomposition of N-fertilized litters correlated positively with initial litter manganese (Mn) concentrations, with litter Mn variation reflecting faster turnover of canopy foliage in high N sites, producing younger litterfall with high N and low Mn. Although both internal and external N inhibited decomposition at 3 yr, most litters exhibited net N immobilization, with strongest immobilization in low-N litter and in N-fertilized plots. Our observation for lignin-rich litter that high initial N can slow decomposition yet accelerate N release differs from findings where litter quality variation across species promotes coupled C and N release during decomposition. We suggest reevaluation of ecosystem models and projected global change effects to account for a potential decoupling of ecosystem C and N feedbacks through litter decomposition in lignin-rich conifer forests. C1 [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Matkins, Joselin J.; Hibbs, David E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM perakis@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon State University Forest Research Laboratory; [NSF-DEB 0346837] FX This research was supported by the Oregon State University Forest Research Laboratory and NSF-DEB 0346837. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 AR UNSP 54 DI 10.1890/ES11-00340.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IC UT WOS:000327302000008 ER PT J AU Norman, LM Caldeira, F Callegary, J Gray, F O' Rourke, MK Meranza, V Van Rijn, S AF Norman, Laura M. Caldeira, Felipe Callegary, James Gray, Floyd O' Rourke, Mary Kay Meranza, Veronica Van Rijn, Saskia TI Socio-Environmental Health Analysis in Nogales, Sonora, Mexico SO WATER QUALITY EXPOSURE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Microbial analysis; Metal analysis; Quality of life; Environmental health; US-Mexico border AB In Nogales, Sonora, Mexico, some neighbor-hoods, or colonias, have intermittent delivery of water through pipes from the city of Nogales's municipal water-delivery system while other areas lack piped water and rely on water delivered by truck or pipas. This research examined how lifestyles, water quality, and potential disease response, such as diarrhea, differs seasonally from a colonia with access to piped water as opposed to one using alternative water-delivery systems. Water samples were collected from taps or spigots at homes in two Nogales colonias. One colonia reflected high socio-environmental conditions where residents are supplied with municipal piped water (Colonia Lomas de Fatima); the second colonia reflected low socio-environmental conditions, lacking access to piped water and served by pipas (Colonia Luis Donaldo Colosio). A survey was developed and implemented to characterize perceptions of water quality, health impacts, and quality of life. Water samples were analyzed for microbial and inorganic water-quality parameters known to impact human health including, Escherichia coli (E. coli), total coliform bacteria, arsenic, and lead. A total of 21 households agreed to participate in the study (14 in Colosio and 7 in Fatima). In both colonias metal concentrations from water samples were all well below the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA's) maximum contaminant levels. E. coli concentrations exceeded the US EPA's drinking-water standard in Colosio but not Fatima. Total coliform bacteria were present in over 50 % of households in both colonias. Microbial contamination was significantly higher in the summer than in the winter in both colonias. Resulting analysis suggests that residents in colonias without piped water are at a greater risk of gastrointestinal illness from consumption of compromised drinking water. Our survey corroborated reports of gastrointestinal illness in the summer months but not in the winter. Chloride was found to be significantly greater in Colosio (median 29.2 mg/L) although still below the US EPA's maximum contaminant levels of 250 mg/L. Ongoing binational collaboration can promote mechanisms to improve water quality in cities located in the US-Mexico border. C1 [Norman, Laura M.; Caldeira, Felipe; Callegary, James; Gray, Floyd] US Geol Survey, BEHI, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Caldeira, Felipe; O' Rourke, Mary Kay; Van Rijn, Saskia] Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth MEZCOPH, Tucson, AZ USA. [Meranza, Veronica] OOMAPAS, Municipal Operating Agcy Water & Wastewater, Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. RP Norman, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, BEHI, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lnorman@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) U.S.-Mexico Border Environmental Health Initiative (BEHI); Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program (GAM) FX This research was developed and supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) U.S.-Mexico Border Environmental Health Initiative (BEHI) and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program (GAM). We acknowledge Alejandro Araiza from the City of Nogales, Sonora (el Ayuntamiento de Nogales Sonora); staff from the Nogales, Sonora Municipal Operating Agency for Water and Wastewater (el Organismo Operador Municipal de Agua Potable Alcantarillado y Saneamiento; OOMAPAS-NS); Sofia Grigera, and Ashley Riggs from the USGS; Perry Gast and Luis Lozano from the University of Arizona (UA) Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health (MEZCOPH); Claudia Gil from Municipal Institute for Research and Planning (Instituto Municipal de Investigacion y Planeacion; IMIP); and Jesus Quintanar from the Mexico Section of the International Boundary and Water Commission (la Comision Internacional de Limites y Aguas; CILA) for the time and energy they contributed to this effort. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-1658 EI 1876-1666 J9 WATER QUAL EXPOS HEA JI Water Qual. Expos. Health PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s12403-012-0067-x PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA V35HT UT WOS:000209141700002 ER PT J AU Holden, ZA Kasworm, WF Servheen, C Hahn, B Dobrowski, S AF Holden, Zachary A. Kasworm, Wayne F. Servheen, Christopher Hahn, Beth Dobrowski, Solomon TI Sensitivity of Berry Productivity to Climatic Variation in the Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone, Northwest United States, 1989-2010 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE climate change; grizzly bear; huckleberry; snowmelt; temperature range; vapor pressure deficit AB Berry-producing shrubs are culturally, economically, and ecologically important for both people and animals in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. We examined huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum) and serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) productivity across the Cabinet-Yaak grizzly bear recovery zone in Northern Idaho and Western Montana. An index of annual berry productivity was measured at field plots from 1989 to 2010. Temperature, precipitation, and snow indices were derived from nearby Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) stations. Huckleberry production was highest during cool springs with high July diurnal temperature ranges. April-June growing-degree days and July temperature range explain 70% of the inter-annual variability in huckleberry productivity. Serviceberry production was correlated with maximum snow-water equivalent and April-June growing-degree days, which explained 86% of the variance in annual serviceberry production. These models show potential to forecast annual berry production and to anticipate potential bear-human interactions. Further development of models is essential to better predict the potential changes in important wildlife resources in the context of climate change. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Holden, Zachary A.; Hahn, Beth] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Kasworm, Wayne F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Libby, MT 59923 USA. [Servheen, Christopher] Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Dobrowski, Solomon] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Holden, ZA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 200 E Broadway St, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM zaholden@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.1002/wsb.128 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GY UT WOS:000209333100004 ER PT J AU Sidle, JG Augustine, DJ Johnson, DH Miller, SD Cully, JF Reading, RP AF Sidle, John G. Augustine, David J. Johnson, Douglas H. Miller, Sterling D. Cully, Jack F., Jr. Reading, Richard P. TI Aerial Surveys Adjusted by Ground Surveys to Estimate Area Occupied by Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE area occupied; Cynomys ludovicianus; line-intercept sampling; monitoring; plague AB Aerial surveys using line-intercept methods are one approach to estimate the extent of prairie dog colonies in a large geographic area. Although black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) construct conspicuous mounds at burrow openings, aerial observers have difficulty discriminating between areas with burrows occupied by prairie dogs (colonies) versus areas of uninhabited burrows (uninhabited colony sites). Consequently, aerial line-intercept surveys may overestimate prairie dog colony extent unless adjusted by an on-the-ground inspection of a sample of intercepts. We compared aerial line-intercept surveys conducted over 2 National Grasslands in Colorado, USA, with independent ground-mapping of known black-tailed prairie dog colonies. Aerial line-intercepts adjusted by ground surveys using a single activity category adjustment overestimated colonies by >= 94% on the Comanche National Grassland and >= 58% on the Pawnee National Grassland. We present a ground-survey technique that involves 1) visiting on the ground a subset of aerial intercepts classified as occupied colonies plus a subset of intercepts classified as uninhabited colony sites, and 2) based on these ground observations, recording the proportion of each aerial intercept that intersects a colony and the proportion that intersects an uninhabited colony site. Where line-intercept techniques are applied to aerial surveys or remotely sensed imagery, this method can provide more accurate estimates of black-tailed prairie dog abundance and trends. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Sidle, John G.] US Forest Serv, Chadron, NE 69337 USA. [Augustine, David J.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Miller, Sterling D.] Natl Wildlife Federat, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Reading, Richard P.] Denver Zool Fdn, Dept Conservat Biol, Denver, CO 80205 USA. RP Sidle, JG (reprint author), Garamba Natl Pk, African Pk, Haut Uele Dist, Orientale Provi, DEM REP CONGO. EM david.augustine@ars.usda.gov FU Denver Zoological Foundation; National Wildlife Federation FX We thank the CDOW for making their aerial and groundsurvey data available for use in our analyses. We thank E. Odell for providing clarifications of the techniques used in the CDOW prairie dog surveys. We thank S. Forrest, T. Johnson, R. Matchett, and J. Hoogland for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript and other assistance. The Denver Zoological Foundation provided support to R. Reading and the National Wildlife Federation to S. Miller. We thank D. E. Biggins, D. M. Leslie, L. L. McDonald, G. C. White, and 3 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this paper. Mention of trade notes does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1002/wsb.146 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GY UT WOS:000209333100007 ER PT J AU Behney, AC Boal, CW Whitlaw, HA Lucia, DR AF Behney, Adam C. Boal, Clint W. Whitlaw, Heather A. Lucia, Duane R. TI Raptor Community Composition in the Texas Southern High Plains Lesser Prairie-Chicken Range SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic features; community structure; conservation; lesser prairie-chicken; northern harrier; predation risk; raptor; Swainson's hawk; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus AB Predation can be a factor in preventing prey population growth and sustainability when prey populations are small and fragmented, and when predator density is unrelated to the density of the single prey species. We conducted monthly raptor surveys from February 2007 to May 2009 in adjacent areas of the Texas Southern High Plains (USA) that do and do not support lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act. During the summer period corresponding to prairie-chicken nesting and brood-rearing, Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni) were the most abundant raptor. During the lekking and overwintering period, the raptor community was diverse, with northern harriers (Circus cyaneus) being the most abundant species. Raptor abundance peaked during the early autumn and was lowest during the spring. Utility poles were a significant predictor of raptor density at survey points and Swainson's hawks and all raptors, pooled, were found in greater densities in non-prairie-chicken habitat dominated by mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa). Avian predation risk on prairie-chickens, based on presence and abundance of raptors, appears to be greatest during winter when there is a more abundant and diverse raptor community, and in areas with utility poles. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Behney, Adam C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather A.; Lucia, Duane R.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Behney, AC (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department FX We thank Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for funding this research. The U.S. Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Department of Natural Resources Management at Texas Tech University also contributed necessary resources. We thank D. Haukos and M. Butler for suggestions and contributions throughout this research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1002/wsb.135 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GY UT WOS:000209333100012 ER PT J AU Benson, AM Johnson, WN Barry, RP Guers, SL AF Benson, Anna-Marie Johnson, Walter N. Barry, Ronald P. Guers, Susan L. TI Evaluation of Autumn Mist-Netting Data for Monitoring Passerine Populations in Interior Alaska SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Alaska; migration; mist net; passerine; statistical power; timing AB We evaluated the data from 2 autumn mist-netting stations for monitoring passerine population trends and measuring the timing of migration. Migration-monitoring stations were operated during autumn from 1993 to 2009 at 2 interior Alaska locations: in Fairbanks (64 degrees 50'N, 147 degrees 50'W) by the Alaska Bird Observatory (ABO) and near the Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Alaska, USA (63 degrees 22'N, 143 degrees 13'W) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The location of these 2 stations, near the north and western limits of the continental landmass, provides information from the initial stages of long-distance migration. The timing of migrant passage through ABO and Tetlin NWR were similar when all 17 years were combined. Juveniles preceded adults in 10 of 14 species at ABO and in 13 of 14 species at Tetlin NWR. Relative capture rates (log of weather-corrected capture rates) from the ABO and Tetlin NWR stations from 1996 to 2009 were correlated for 2 of 7 species: ruby-crowned kinglet (Regulus calendula) and yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia). A high proportion of captured birds were juveniles; therefore, these stations are most useful for monitoring an index of productivity. Power calculations indicate that for 6 of 7 species, a 50% decline in relative capture rates could be detected in a 20-year period. These stations provide a unique contribution for monitoring passerine populations by providing a large sample of the timing of migration and productivity indices at 2 interior-Alaska locations. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Benson, Anna-Marie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Johnson, Walter N.] Tetlin Natl Wildlife Refuge, Tok, AK 99780 USA. [Barry, Ronald P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Math & Stat, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Guers, Susan L.] Alaska Bird Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Benson, AM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, 101 12th Ave,Room 264, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM anna-marie_benson@fws.gov FU ABO; USFWS (Office of Migratory Bird Management, Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge, and Division of Realty and Natural Resources); Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge FX Funding for this paper was provided by the ABO and the USFWS (Office of Migratory Bird Management, Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge, and Division of Realty and Natural Resources). Data collection was funded by the ABO (with large contributions from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and members of the ABO) and Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. These studies would not have been possible without the many staff and volunteers that contributed countless hours capturing and banding birds. We especially thank A. R. Ajmi, N. D. DeWitt, T. J. Doyle, T. Eskelin, R. I. Frey, K. W. Larson, R. C. Means, R. K. Papish, T. H. Pogson, J. C. Reppert, M. Sardy, A. H. Scurr, D. W. Shaw, S. K. Springer, and H. K. Timm. Thank you to H. Maier for contributing mapping expertise. Thank you to 3 reviewers for improving the manuscript with many insightful comments and suggestions: Geoffrey R. Geupel, Dr. Clint Boal, and Dr. J. M. Martin. Finally, our sincerest gratitude to N. D. DeWitt and C. L. McIntyre who reviewed an earlier draft and supported the completion of this publication. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 328 EP 335 DI 10.1002/wsb.151 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GY UT WOS:000209333100016 ER PT J AU Smith, DHV Moehrenschlager, A Christensen, N Knapik, D Gibson, K Converse, SJ AF Smith, Des H. V. Moehrenschlager, Axel Christensen, Nancy Knapik, Dwight Gibson, Keith Converse, Sarah J. TI Archive Eggs: A Research and Management Tool for Avian Conservation Breeding SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE archive eggs; artificial incubation; avian conservation breeding; captive breeding; data-logger eggs; Grus americana; Grus canadensis; reintroduction; sandhill cranes; whooping cranes AB Worldwide, approximately 168 bird species are captive-bred for reintroduction into the wild. Programs tend to be initiated for species with a high level of endangerment. Depressed hatching success can be a problem for such programs and has been linked to artificial incubation. The need for artificial incubation is driven by the practice of multiclutching to increase egg production or by uncertainty over the incubation abilities of captive birds. There has been little attempt to determine how artificial incubation differs from bird-contact incubation. We describe a novel archive (data-logger) egg and use it to compare temperature, humidity, and egg-turning in 5 whooping crane (Grus americana) nests, 4 sandhill crane (G. canadensis) nests, and 3 models of artificial incubator; each of which are used to incubate eggs in whooping crane captive-breeding programs. Mean incubation temperature was 31.7 degrees C for whooping cranes and 32.83 degrees C for sandhill cranes. This is well below that of the artificial incubators (which were set based on a protocol of 37.6 degrees C). Humidity in crane nests varied considerably, but median humidity in all 3 artificial incubators was substantially different from that in the crane nests. Two artificial incubators failed to turn the eggs in a way that mimicked crane egg-turning. Archive eggs are an effective tool for guiding the management of avian conservation breeding programs, and can be custom-made for other species. They also have potential to be applied to research on wild populations. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Smith, Des H. V.; Moehrenschlager, Axel; Gibson, Keith] Calgary Zool Soc, Ctr Conservat Res, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada. [Christensen, Nancy] Adv Telemetry Syst INC, Isanti, MN 55040 USA. [Knapik, Dwight] Calgary Zool Soc, Devonian Wildlife Conservat Ctr, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada. [Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Smith, DHV (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, Dept Ecol, Agr & Life Sci Div, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand. EM dhv.smith@gmail.com OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 FU Calgary Zoo; Environment Canada; Husky Energy FX We thank B. Peel for diligently writing research grants for this project, J. Hockaday for assistance with deploying the telemetry eggs, and A. Royle for advice on analysis. N. Lloyd provided many useful comments on the manuscript. The following people provided help to this project in many different ways: K. Setter, C. Robinson-Ladiges, T. Dearlove, T. Everest, N. Yeomen, R. Wenman, V. Edwards, and C. Gaviller. We thank F. Bled and 2 anonymous reviewers for suggesting improvements to the final manuscript. Funding was received from the Calgary Zoo, Environment Canada, Husky Energy, and an anonymous family foundation. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 342 EP 349 DI 10.1002/wsb.150 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GY UT WOS:000209333100018 ER PT J AU Williams, PJ Robb, JR Karns, DR AF Williams, Perry J. Robb, Joseph R. Karns, Daryl R. TI Occupancy Dynamics of Breeding Crawfish Frogs in Southeastern Indiana SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE amphibians; call surveys; detection; grassland size; Indiana; Lithobates areolatus; multi-season occupancy AB We studied the occupancy dynamics of breeding crawfish frogs (Lithobates areolatus) at 45 randomly selected grasslands across 208 km(2) at Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge, in southeastern Indiana, USA, during March 2010 and 2011. We developed a suite of hypotheses explaining the relationship between occupancy, detection, and environmental covariates. We fit our hypotheses using multiseason occupancy models, and compared them in an information-theoretic, model-selection framework. Our top model suggested that the detection probability had a positive, linear relationship with time, temperature, and the amount of rain 24 hours before the survey, and had a quadratic relationship with date, which peaked on 19 March. Our top model supported our hypothesis that occupancy probability was positively correlated with grassland size; larger grasslands were more likely to be occupied by crawfish frogs. Based on our results, we recommend that managers conserve large tracts of grasslands near breeding sites. We recommend that in southeastern Indiana crawfish frog-breeding surveys be conducted in mid-to late-March, and that each call point be surveyed for 15 minutes. We provide a model to increase the precision of detection probability estimates for call surveys that target calling crawfish frogs. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Williams, Perry J.; Robb, Joseph R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Oaks Natl Wildlife Refuge, Madison, IN 47250 USA. [Karns, Daryl R.] Hanover Coll, Dept Biol, Hanover, IN 47243 USA. RP Williams, PJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 201A JVK Wagar Bldg,1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM perry.williams@colostate.edu NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 350 EP 357 DI 10.1002/wsb.148 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GY UT WOS:000209333100019 ER PT J AU Yamaura, Y Royle, JA Shimada, N Asanuma, S Sato, T Taki, H Makino, S AF Yamaura, Yuichi Royle, J. Andrew Shimada, Naoaki Asanuma, Seigo Sato, Tamotsu Taki, Hisatomo Makino, Shun'ichi TI Biodiversity of man-made open habitats in an underused country: a class of multispecies abundance models for count data SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Count data; Functional group; Hierarchical community model; Human disturbance; Plantation forestry; Species richness ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; LAND-USE; FOREST; DYNAMICS; BIRDS; JAPAN; PLANTATIONS; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS; INVENTORIES AB Since the 1960s, Japan has become highly dependent on foreign countries for natural resources, and the amount of managed lands (e.g. coppice, grassland, and agricultural field) has declined. Due to infrequent natural and human disturbance, early-successional species are now declining in Japan. Here we surveyed bees, birds, and plants in four human-disturbed open habitats (pasture, meadow, young planted forest, and abandoned clear-cut) and two forest habitats (mature planted forest and natural old-growth). We extended a recently developed multispecies abundance model to accommodate count data, and used the resulting models to estimate species-, functional group-, and community-level state variables (abundance and species richness) at each site, and compared them among the six habitats. Estimated individual-level detection probability was quite low for bee species (mean across species = 0.003; 0.16 for birds). Thirty-two (95% credible interval: 13-64) and one (0-4) bee and bird species, respectively, were suggested to be undetected by the field survey. Although habitats in which community-level abundance and species richness was highest differed among taxa, species richness and abundance of early-successional species were similar in the four disturbed open habitats across taxa except for plants in the pasture habitat which was a good habitat only for several exotic species. Our results suggest that human disturbance, especially the revival of plantation forestry, may contribute to the restoration of early-successional species in Japan. C1 [Yamaura, Yuichi] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Div Environm Resources, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan. [Yamaura, Yuichi; Taki, Hisatomo; Makino, Shun'ichi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Dept Forest Entomol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Shimada, Naoaki] Iwate Prefectural Univ, Fac Policy Studies, Takizawa, Iwate 0200193, Japan. [Asanuma, Seigo] Study Club Reg Environm Planning Tohoku, Takizawa, Iwate 0200173, Japan. [Sato, Tamotsu] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Dept Forest Vegetat, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. RP Yamaura, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Div Environm Resources, Kita Ku, Nishi 9,Kita 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan. EM yamaura@for.agr.hokudai.ac.jp RI Yamaura, Yuichi/A-3638-2012; OI Yamaura, Yuichi/0000-0001-9355-4413; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU JSPS KAKENHI [21-7033, 23780153]; Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-9] FX We are grateful many land owners for their allowing field survey. Iwate central forestry owners association, Tamayama regional office, the municipality forestry department, regional offices of Iwate prefecture, Sotoyama laboratory of Animal Industry Research Institute, the members of the Tohoku regional forest offices assisted with the field survey. T. Amano, T. Akasaka, Y. Hirata, T. Matsumura, Y. Mishima, T. Morisawa, K. Okabe, K. Oono, H. Sugita, S. Sugiura, T. Takahashi, Y. Tomioka, T. Yagi, M. Yui, members of Tohoku Research Center of FFPRI and forest ecosystem management group of Hokkaido University provided us useful comments. Our manuscript was greatly improved by the comments from a reviewer, Robin Russell and members of USGS. Y. Yamaura was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grand-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows no. 21-7033 and Young Scientists B no. 23780153). H. Taki was partially supported by Global Environment Research Fund (S-9) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. We commiserate with land owners struck by 3.11 Tohoku region Pacific coast earthquake. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1365 EP 1380 DI 10.1007/s10531-012-0244-z PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 935HD UT WOS:000303508800002 ER PT J AU Apotsos, A Gelfenbaum, G Jaffe, B AF Apotsos, Alex Gelfenbaum, Guy Jaffe, Bruce TI Time-dependent onshore tsunami response SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Inundation; Numerical modeling; Delft3D ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; WAVE RUN-UP; 2004 SUMATRA-TSUNAMI; BANDA ACEH SUMATRA; NEW-GUINEA TSUNAMI; SOLITARY WAVES; DECEMBER 26; SURF-SIMILARITY; CIRCULAR ISLAND; SLOPING BEACH AB While bulk measures of the onshore impact of a tsunami, including the maximum run-up elevation and inundation distance, are important for hazard planning, the temporal evolution of the onshore flow dynamics likely controls the extent of the onshore destruction and the erosion and deposition of sediment that occurs. However, the time-varying dynamics of actual tsunamis are even more difficult to measure in situ than the bulk parameters. Here, a numerical model based on the non-linear shallow water equations is used to examine the effects variations in the wave characteristics, bed slope, and bottom roughness have on the temporal evolution of the onshore flow. Model results indicate that the onshore flow dynamics vary significantly over the parameter space examined. For example, the flow dynamics over steep, smooth morphologies tend to be temporally symmetric, with similar magnitude velocities generated during the run-up and run-down phases of inundation. Conversely, on shallow, rough onshore topographies the flow dynamics tend to be temporally skewed toward the run-down phase of inundation, with the magnitude of the flow velocities during run-up and run-down being significantly different. Furthermore, for near-breaking tsunami waves inundating over steep topography, the flow velocity tends to accelerate almost instantaneously to a maximum and then decrease monotonically. Conversely, when very long waves inundate over shallow topography, the flow accelerates more slowly and can remain steady for a period of time before beginning to decelerate. These results indicate that a single set of assumptions concerning the onshore flow dynamics cannot be applied to all tsunamis, and site specific analyses may be required. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Apotsos, Alex; Gelfenbaum, Guy; Jaffe, Bruce] USGS, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Apotsos, A (reprint author), USGS, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM aapotsos@gmail.com RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 FU USGS FX This research was funded by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. This manuscript was significantly improved by comments and suggestions offered by Eric Geist, Steve Watt, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 85 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 64 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 935WR UT WOS:000303553400006 ER PT J AU Williams, AS Moyer, GR AF Williams, A. S. Moyer, G. R. TI Isolation and characterization of 21 microsatellite loci for the federally threatened yellowfin madtom (Noturus flavipinnis) with cross species amplification in N. baileyi SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Federally endangered species; Yellowfin madtom; Cross-species amplification; Microsatellites ID FISHES AB We isolated 21 microsatellite loci from Noturus flavipinnis, a federally threatened freshwater fish. Nine loci were polymorphic with an average of 1.48 alleles and an average observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.092 and 0.096, respectively. All loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and all pairs of loci showed no signs of genotypic disequilibrium. Three of these loci were found to cross amplify in N. baileyi. These markers should prove useful in the conservation efforts and genetic monitoring of these rare fish species. C1 [Williams, A. S.; Moyer, G. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Williams, AS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, 5308 Spring St, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM Ashantye_Williams@fws.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 221 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9511-7 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 935QZ UT WOS:000303536400003 ER PT J AU Sloss, BL Schuurman, GW Paloski, RA Boyle, OD Kapfer, JM AF Sloss, Brian L. Schuurman, Gregor W. Paloski, Rori A. Boyle, Owen D. Kapfer, Joshua M. TI Novel microsatellite loci for studies of Thamnophis Gartersnake genetic identity and hybridization SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Thamnophis; Gartersnakes; Hybridization; Species integrity AB Butler's Gartersnakes (BGS; Thamnophis butleri) are confined to open and semi-open canopy wetlands and adjacent uplands, habitats under threat of development in Wisconsin. To address issues of species identity and putative hybridization with congeneric snakes, a suite of 18 microsatellite loci capable of cross-species amplification of Plains Gartersnakes (T. radix) and Common Gartersnakes (T. sirtalis) was developed. All loci were polymorphic in BGS with mean number of alleles per locus of 16.11 (range = 3-41) and mean observed heterozygosity of 0.659 (range = 0.311-0.978). Loci amplified efficiently in the congeneric species with high levels of intra- and inter-specific variation. These loci will aid ongoing efforts to effectively identify and manage BGS in Wisconsin. C1 [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Schuurman, Gregor W.; Paloski, Rori A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Endangered Resources, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Boyle, Owen D.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Endangered Resources, Milwaukee, WI 53212 USA. [Kapfer, Joshua M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. RP Sloss, BL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM bsloss@uwsp.edu RI Boyle, Owen/J-5082-2013 OI Boyle, Owen/0000-0003-3957-7571 FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources-Bureau of Endangered Resources FX Use of trade names throughout manuscript does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Government. We thank the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources-Bureau of Endangered Resources for funding, and R. Franckowiak, L. Westbrook, R. Andvik, and M. Waterhouse for laboratory assistance. We also acknowledge the contributions of H. Nelson, H. Kaarakka, E. Pelton, B. Poole, A. Drayton, K. McGinley, A. Murphy, B. Jagla, E. Hileman, J. Dare, M. Lundberg, D. Kitchen, R. Henderson, R. King, T. Van-DeWalle, D. Mifsud, and J. LeClere. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9555-8 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 935QZ UT WOS:000303536400042 ER PT J AU King, TL Eackles, MS Breisch, AR Niver, R AF King, T. L. Eackles, M. S. Breisch, A. R. Niver, R. TI Assessing genetic diversity, fine-scale population structure, and demographics in the narrow endemic chittenango ovate amber snail (Novisuccinea chittenangoensis) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Chittenango ovate amber snail; (Novisuccinea chittenangoensis); Microsatellite DNA; Narrow endemic; Differentiation; Captive breeding management; Demographics ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; IDENTIFICATION; BOTTLENECKS; TESTS AB We document isolation and characterization of 12 tetra-nucleotide microsatellite DNA markers in the hermaphroditic Chittenango ovate amber snail ( Novisuccinea chittenangoensis ) endemic to Chittenango Falls in central New York State, USA. The markers displayed a moderate level of allelic diversity (averaging 5.2 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 58.6%) in the single extant population. Allelic diversity was sufficient to produce unique multilocus genotypes; no indication of selfing was observed among this cosexual species. Minimal deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no linkage disequilibrium were observed when three collections, representing different rock ledge heights, were analyzed separately. A series of analyses identified weak population differentiation among the ledge collections. Demographic analyses suggested each collection has achieved mutation-drift equilibrium. The microsatellite markers developed for N. chittenangoensis yielded sufficient genetic diversity to: (i) distinguish all individuals and assess the level of selfing; (ii) elucidate fine-scale population structuring; and (iii) provide unique demographic perspectives for recovery efforts. C1 [King, T. L.; Eackles, M. S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Breisch, A. R.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA. [Niver, R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cortland, NY USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tlking@usgs.gov FU USGS-Leetown Science Center; USGS; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This research was funded by the USGS-Leetown Science Center and the USGS and US Fish and Wildlife Service's Quick Response Program. The following individuals assisted in tissue collection for marker development and subsequent genetic surveys: Jake Bengeyfield, Joseph Brown, Stephen Campbell, Jeremy Coleman, Brian Stiwell, and Kris Whiteleather. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 439 EP 442 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9568-3 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 935QZ UT WOS:000303536400055 ER PT J AU Jackson, JA Laikre, L Baker, CS Kendall, KC AF Jackson, Jennifer A. Laikre, Linda Baker, C. Scott Kendall, Katherine C. CA Genetic Monitoring Working Grp TI Guidelines for collecting and maintaining archives for genetic monitoring SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE Conservation; Museum DNA; Biodiversity; Molecular markers; Biological collections ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; GRIZZLY BEAR POPULATION; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; CONSERVATION GENETICS; GENOME AMPLIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MUSEUM SPECIMENS; FECAL DNA; MARKERS; SAMPLES AB Rapid advances in molecular genetic techniques and the statistical analysis of genetic data have revolutionized the way that populations of animals, plants and microorganisms can be monitored. Genetic monitoring is the practice of using molecular genetic markers to track changes in the abundance, diversity or distribution of populations, species or ecosystems over time, and to follow adaptive and non-adaptive genetic responses to changing external conditions. In recent years, genetic monitoring has become a valuable tool in conservation management of biological diversity and ecological analysis, helping to illuminate and define cryptic and poorly understood species and populations. Many of the detected biodiversity declines, changes in distribution and hybridization events have helped to drive changes in policy and management. Because a time series of samples is necessary to detect trends of change in genetic diversity and species composition, archiving is a critical component of genetic monitoring. Here we discuss the collection, development, maintenance, and use of archives for genetic monitoring. This includes an overview of the genetic markers that facilitate effective monitoring, describes how tissue and DNA can be stored, and provides guidelines for proper practice. C1 [Jackson, Jennifer A.; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Laikre, Linda] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Div Populat Genet, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, C. Scott] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Kendall, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT USA. RP Jackson, JA (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM Jennifer.Jackson@bas.ac.uk; scott.baker@oregonstate.edu RI Olivieri, Isabelle/E-5872-2016; Jackson, Jennifer/E-7997-2013; Hansen, Michael/I-5979-2013 OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-5372-4828 FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF) [EF-0423641]; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; European Community [217246] FX This work was conducted as part of the Genetic Monitoring (GeM) Working Group jointly supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF #EF-0423641) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by NSF (NSF #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. L.L. also acknowledges the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under grant agreement No 217246 made with BONUS, the joint Baltic Sea research and development programme. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9545-x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 935QZ UT WOS:000303536400077 ER PT J AU Muhlfeld, CC Giersch, JJ Marotz, B AF Muhlfeld, C. C. Giersch, J. J. Marotz, B. TI Seasonal movements of non-native lake trout in a connected lake and river system SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE introduced species; Montana; salmonids; Salvelinus namaycush; telemetry; water temperature ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BULL TROUT; POPULATION; MICHIGAN; MONTANA AB Non-native lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum), threaten native salmonid populations in the western United States. Effective management of lake trout requires understanding movements within connected lake and river systems. This study determined the seasonal movements of subadult lake trout in the Flathead River upstream of Flathead Lake, Montana, USA using radio telemetry. The spatiotemporal distribution of lake trout in the river was related to water temperature. Lake trout were detected in the river primarily during autumn, winter and spring, when water temperatures were cool. By contrast, fewer were detected when temperatures were warmest during summer and during high spring flows. Downriver movements to Flathead Lake occurred throughout autumn and winter when water temperature decreased below 5 degrees C, and in late spring as water temperature rose towards 15 degrees C and river discharge declined following spring runoff. Upriver movements occurred primarily in October, which coincided with migrations of prey fishes. These results suggest that lake trout are capable of moving throughout connected river and lake systems (up to 230 km) and that warm water temperatures function as an impediment to occupancy of the river during summer. Controlling source populations and maintaining natural water temperatures may be effective management strategies for reducing the spread of non-native lake trout. C1 [Muhlfeld, C. C.; Giersch, J. J.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Marotz, B.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Kalispell, MT USA. RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration; Montana Fish, Wildlife Parks FX We thank Bonneville Power Administration and Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks for funding the project. We thank Steve Glutting and Rick Hunt for assistance in the field, and Robert Al-Chokhachy, Leo Rosenthal and three anonymous reviewers for their reviews of a previous draft. Thanks to Dennis Christenson, former superintendent of Hungry Horse Dam, for his invaluable support to develop and install the selective-withdrawal system. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This research was conducted in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act and its subsequent amendments. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 19 IS 3 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00821.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 940RY UT WOS:000303912000004 ER PT J AU Schlaepfer, DR Lauenroth, WK Bradford, JB AF Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Lauenroth, William K. Bradford, John B. TI Consequences of declining snow accumulation for water balance of mid-latitude dry regions SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE big sagebrush; climate change; nonlinear response; precipitation form; precipitation seasonality; semiarid regions; water availability ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BIG SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPIRATION; RUNOFF; ECOHYDROLOGY; ALLOMETRY AB Widespread documentation of positive winter temperature anomalies, declining snowpack and earlier snow melt in the Northern Hemisphere have raised concerns about the consequences for regional water resources as well as wildfire. A topic that has not been addressed with respect to declining snowpack is effects on ecosystem water balance. Changes in water balance dynamics will be particularly pronounced at low elevations of mid-latitude dry regions because these areas will be the first to be affected by declining snow as a result of rising temperatures. As a model system, we used simulation experiments to investigate big sagebrush ecosystems that dominate a large fraction of the semiarid western United States. Our results suggest that effects on future ecosystem water balance will increase along a climatic gradient from dry, warm and snow-poor to wet, cold and snow-rich. Beyond a threshold within this climatic gradient, predicted consequences for vegetation switched from no change to increasing transpiration. Responses were sensitive to uncertainties in climatic prediction; particularly, a shift of precipitation to the colder season could reduce impacts of a warmer and snow-poorer future, depending on the degree to which ecosystem phenology tracks precipitation changes. Our results suggest that big sagebrush and other similar semiarid ecosystems could decrease in viability or disappear in dry to medium areas and likely increase only in the snow-richest areas, i.e. higher elevations and higher latitudes. Unlike cold locations at high elevations or in the arctic, ecosystems at low elevations respond in a different and complex way to future conditions because of opposing effects of increasing water-limitation and a longer snow-free season. Outcomes of such nonlinear interactions for future ecosystems will likely include changes in plant composition and productivity, dynamics of water balance, and availability of water resources. C1 [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Schlaepfer, DR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM dschlaep@uwyo.edu RI Schlaepfer, Daniel/D-1756-2009; Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 OI Schlaepfer, Daniel/0000-0001-9973-2065; FU University of Wyoming; USDA Forest Service FX We thank Kenneth Gerow (University of Wyoming) for help with the statistical analysis. The work was made possible by funding from the University of Wyoming and the USDA Forest Service. NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1988 EP 1997 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02642.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 938WF UT WOS:000303763600018 ER PT J AU Yuan, WP Liu, SG Liang, SL Tan, ZX Liu, HP Young, C AF Yuan, Wenping Liu, Shuguang Liang, Shunlin Tan, Zhengxi Liu, Heping Young, Claudia TI Estimations of Evapotranspiration and Water Balance with Uncertainty over the Yukon River Basin SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Bayesian approach; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Model uncertainty; Yukon river basin ID NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST GROWTH; CLIMATE; MODIS; DROUGHT; ENERGY; SENSITIVITY; EVAPORATION; INTERIOR; EXCHANGE AB In this study, the revised Remote Sensing-Penman Monteith model (RS-PM) was used to scale up evapotranspiration (ET) over the entire Yukon River Basin (YRB) from three eddy covariance (EC) towers covering major vegetation types. We determined model parameters and uncertainty using a Bayesian-based method in the three EC sites. The 95 % confidence interval for the aggregate ecosystem ET ranged from 233 to 396 mm yr(-1) with an average of 319 mm yr(-1). The mean difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration () was 171 mm yr(-1) with a 95 % confidence interval of 94-257 mm yr(-1). The YRB region showed a slight increasing trend in annual precipitation for the 1982-2009 time period, while ET showed a significant increasing trend of 6.6 mm decade(-1). As a whole, annual showed a drying trend over YRB region. C1 [Yuan, Wenping; Liang, Shunlin] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Wenping; Liang, Shunlin] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Wenping; Liang, Shunlin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Tan, Zhengxi] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Liu, Heping] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Young, Claudia] ADNET Syst Inc, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Liang, Shunlin] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yuan, WP (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM wenpingyuancn@yahoo.com RI liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015; OI Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China [2010CB833504]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2009AA122100]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FX This research was financially supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2010CB833504), National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2009AA122100) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2147 EP 2157 DI 10.1007/s11269-012-0007-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 940KT UT WOS:000303889100002 ER PT J AU Watts, AC Kobziar, LN Snyder, JR AF Watts, Adam C. Kobziar, Leda N. Snyder, James R. TI Fire Reinforces Structure of Pondcypress ( var. ) Domes in a Wetland Landscape SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Delayed mortality; Edge effect; Fire severity; Logistic regression; Patch size; Wetland forest ID TREE MORTALITY; PEAT FIRE; FLORIDA; GROWTH; FOREST; INDONESIA; PATTERNS; CYPRESS AB Fire periodically affects wetland forests, particularly in landscapes with extensive fire-prone uplands. Rare occurrence and difficulty of access have limited efforts to understand impacts of wildfires fires in wetlands. Following a 2009 wildfire, we measured tree mortality and structural changes in wetland forest patches. Centers of these circular landscape features experienced lower fire severity, although no continuous patch-size or edge effect was evident. Initial survival of the dominant tree, pondcypress ( var), was high (> 99%), but within one year of the fire approximately 23% of trees died. Delayed mortality was correlated with fire severity, but unrelated to other hypothesized factors such as patch size or edge distance. Tree diameter and soil elevation were important predictors of mortality, with smaller trees and those in areas with lower elevation more likely to die following severe fire. Depressional cypress forests typically exhibit increasing tree size towards their interiors, and differential mortality patterns were related to edge distance. These patterns result in the exaggeration of a dome-shaped profile. Our observations quantify roles of fire and hydrology in determining cypress mortality in these swamps, and imply the existence of feedbacks that maintain the characteristic shape of cypress domes. C1 [Watts, Adam C.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kobziar, Leda N.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Snyder, James R.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Ochopee, FL 34141 USA. RP Watts, AC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM acwatts@ufl.edu FU U. S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center; National Park Service FX This work was funded by the U. S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center and the National Park Service Fire Ecology Program. We appreciate the field assistance of J. Camp, W. Vogel, T. Osborne, M. Cohen, and D. Watts. We also appreciate support from NPS cooperators N. Benson, B. Evans, C. Noble, J. Nobles, and P. Ramos, and helpful manuscript suggestions by G. Mahon and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0277-9 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940IV UT WOS:000303884100004 ER PT J AU Lang, M McDonough, O McCarty, G Oesterling, R Wilen, B AF Lang, Megan McDonough, Owen McCarty, Greg Oesterling, Robert Wilen, Bill TI Enhanced Detection of Wetland-Stream Connectivity Using LiDAR SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Digital elevation model; National hydrography dataset; Significant nexus; Stream mapping ID UNITED-STATES; HEADWATER STREAMS; NETWORKS; EXTENT; WATER; AREA; US AB The spatial relationship between wetlands and streams influences their structure and function, and is currently tied to the regulatory status of wetlands. Efforts have been made to assess connectivity between wetlands and streams and possible management implications by comparing existing wetland and stream maps (e.g., National Hydrography Dataset [NHD]) but the reliability of these assessments is affected by the accuracy and inherent nature of input datasets. Stream datasets derived using semi-automated and automated interpretation of LiDAR derived digital elevation models were found to be considerably more accurate than NHD High Resolution (12% less accurate than automatically generated streams) and Plus (29% less accurate than automatically generated streams) and in general use of LiDAR derived datasets was found to significantly increase percent area and total number of wetlands that were considered connected at multiple buffer lengths ranging from 0 to 80 m. When wetland-stream connectivity as judged using NHD was compared to a semi-automatically generated highly accurate LiDAR derived stream dataset, the High Resolution NHD was found to underestimate semi-natural palustrine wetland area connected by 15% and number of wetlands connected by 13% on average while NHD Plus was found to underestimate semi-natural palustrine wetland area and number connected by 27% on average. C1 [Lang, Megan] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [McDonough, Owen] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [McCarty, Greg] USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Hydrol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Oesterling, Robert] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wilen, Bill] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lang, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,Rm 104, Beltsville, MD USA. EM mwlang@fs.fed.us FU Wetlands Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service FX This research was supported by the Wetlands Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project. Thanks goes to Steve Strano, William Effland, Jeanne Christie, and Stephen Samuels for reviewing an initial draft of this article and to Andrew Russ for geospatial technical support. All trade names are included for the benefit of the reader and do not imply an endorsement of or preference for the product listed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 461 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0279-7 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940IV UT WOS:000303884100006 ER PT J AU Freeman, RC Bell, KP Calhoun, AJK Loftin, CS AF Freeman, Robert C. Bell, Kathleen P. Calhoun, Aram J. K. Loftin, Cynthia S. TI Incorporating Economic Models into Seasonal Pool Conservation Planning SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Futures analysis; Habitat connectivity; Land use planning; Landscape permeability; Lithobates sylvaticus; Wood frog ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; HABITAT LOSS; RANA-SYLVATICA; FRAGMENTATION; METAPOPULATIONS; CONNECTIVITY; ECOLOGY; CONSEQUENCES; PERMEABILITY AB Massachusetts, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Maine have adopted regulatory zones around seasonal (vernal) pools to conserve terrestrial habitat for pool-breeding amphibians. Most amphibians require access to distinct seasonal habitats in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems because of their complex life histories. These habitat requirements make them particularly vulnerable to land uses that destroy habitat or limit connectivity (or permeability) among habitats. Regulatory efforts focusing on breeding pools without consideration of terrestrial habitat needs will not ensure the persistence of pool-breeding amphibians. We used GIS to combine a discrete-choice, parcel-scale economic model of land conversion with a landscape permeability model based on known habitat requirements of wood frogs () in Maine (USA) to examine permeability among habitat elements for alternative future scenarios. The economic model predicts future landscapes under different subdivision open space and vernal pool regulatory requirements. Our model showed that even "no build" permit zones extending 76 m (250 ft) outward from the pool edge were insufficient to assure permeability among required habitat elements. Furthermore, effectiveness of permit zones may be inconsistent due to interactions with other growth management policies, highlighting the need for local and state planning for the long-term persistence of pool-breeding amphibians in developing landscapes. C1 [Freeman, Robert C.] Univ Maine, Sch Econ, Ecol & Environm Sci Program, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Calhoun, Aram J. K.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Freeman, RC (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Econ, Ecol & Environm Sci Program, 5782 Winslow Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Robert.Freeman@umit.maine.edu; Kpbell@maine.edu; Calhoun@maine.edu; Cynthia.Loftin@maine.edu FU National Science Foundation [EPS-0904155]; Maine Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station FX Thanks to S. Sader and K. Beard for insightful comments and guidance. P. deMaynadier provided thoughtful discussion that informed our development of the landscape permeability model. The manuscript was improved with reviews provided by B. Compton, D. Patrick, P. deMaynadier, and two anonymous reviewers. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. government. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under award # EPS-0904155 and the Maine Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 509 EP 520 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0284-x PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940IV UT WOS:000303884100010 ER PT J AU Thomsen, M Brownell, K Groshek, M Kirsch, E AF Thomsen, Meredith Brownell, Kurt Groshek, Matthew Kirsch, Eileen TI Control of Reed Canarygrass Promotes Wetland Herb and Tree Seedling Establishment in an Upper Mississippi River Floodplain Forest SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Floodplain forest; Restoration; Invasion; Reed canarygrass; Pre-emergent herbicides ID PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA L.; MEADOW RESTORATIONS; INVASIVE GRASS; WET MEADOWS; VEGETATION; DISTURBANCE; PLANTS; SEDGE; DEER; DYNAMICS AB Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) is recognized as a problematic invader of North American marshes, decreasing biodiversity and persisting in the face of control efforts. Less is known about its ecology or management in forested wetlands, providing an opportunity to apply information about factors critical to an invader's control in one wetland type to another. In a potted plant experiment and in the field, we documented strong competitive effects of reed canarygrass on the establishment and early growth of tree seedlings. In the field, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a novel restoration strategy, combining site scarification with late fall applications of pre-emergent herbicides. Treatments delayed reed canarygrass emergence the following spring, creating a window of opportunity for the early growth of native plants in the absence of competition from the grass. They also allowed for follow-up herbicide treatments during the growing season. We documented greater establishment of wetland herbs and tree seedlings in treated areas. Data from small exclosures suggest, however, that deer browsing can limit tree seedling height growth in floodplain restorations. Slower tree growth will delay canopy closure, potentially allowing reed canarygrass re-invasion. Thus, it may be necessary to protect tree seedlings from herbivory to assure forest regeneration. C1 [Thomsen, Meredith] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Thomsen, Meredith] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Brownell, Kurt] USA, La Crescent Field Off, Corps Engineers, La Crescent, MN 55947 USA. [Groshek, Matthew] USA, Waukesha Field Off, Corps Engineers, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA. [Kirsch, Eileen] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thomsen, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM mthomsen@uwlax.edu FU UW-L Faculty; College of Science and Health; United States Geologic Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center FX This work was supported by a UW-L Faculty Research Grant, an Undergraduate Research Grant, and a College of Science and Health Dean's Research Fellowship. The United States Geologic Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center provided funding for field assistants. DuPont and BASF Corporation donated the Oust (R) and Pendulum (R) herbicides used in the study. The authors thank the Environmental Stewardship staff at the La Crescent Field Office of the United States Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District for help in the field and site treatment expenses, Lee Shambeau for assistance with revisions, and the reviewers of our manuscript for their thoughtful comments. Any use of trade names or products does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 543 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0289-5 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940IV UT WOS:000303884100013 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Eppinger, RG AF Gray, John E. Eppinger, Robert G. TI Distribution of Cu, Co, As, and Fe in mine waste, sediment, soil, and water in and around mineral deposits and mines of the Idaho Cobalt Belt, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WEST-BENGAL; METALS; CONTAMINATION; ACCUMULATION; GROUNDWATER; BANGLADESH; TOXICITY; QUALITY; COPPER; IRON AB The distribution of Cu, Co, As and Fe was studied downstream from mines and deposits in the Idaho Cobalt Belt (ICB), the largest Co resource in the USA. To evaluate potential contamination in ecosystems in the ICB, mine waste, stream sediment, soil, and water were collected and analyzed for Cu, Co, As and Fe in this area. Concentrations of Cu in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines in the ICB ranged from 390 to 19,000 mu g/g, exceeding the USEPA target clean-up level and the probable effect concentration (PEC) for Cu of 149 mu g/g in sediment; PEC is the concentration above which harmful effects are likely in sediment dwelling organisms. In addition concentrations of Cu in mine runoff and stream water collected proximal to mines were highly elevated in the ICB and exceeded the USEPA chronic criterion for aquatic organisms of 6.3 mu g/L (at a water hardness of 50 mg/L) and an LC50 concentration for rainbow trout of 14 mu g/L for Cu in water. Concentrations of Co in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines varied from 14 to 7400 mu g/g and were highly elevated above regional background concentrations, and generally exceeded the USEPA target clean-up level of 80 mu g/g for Co in sediment. Concentrations of Co in water were as high as in 75,000 mu g/L in the ICB, exceeding an LC50 of 346 mu g/L for rainbow trout for Co in water by as much as two orders of magnitude, likely indicating an adverse effect on trout. Mine waste and stream sediment collected in the ICB also contained highly elevated As concentrations that varied from 26 to 17,000 mu g/g, most of which exceeded the PEC of 33 mu g/g and the USEPA target clean-up level of 35 mu g/g for As in sediment. Conversely, most water samples had As concentrations that were below the 150 mu g/L chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms and the USEPA target clean-up level of 14 mu g/L. There is abundant Fe oxide in streams in the ICB and several samples of mine runoff and stream water exceeded the chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms of 1000 mu g/L for Fe. There has been extensive remediation of mined areas in the ICB, but because some mine waste remaining in the area contains highly elevated Cu, Co, As and Fe, inhalation or ingestion of mine waste particulates may lead to human exposure to these elements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gray, John E.; Eppinger, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1062 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.02.001 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 934RR UT WOS:000303464500002 ER PT J AU Kaven, JO Hickman, SH Davatzes, NC Mutlu, O AF Kaven, J. Ole Hickman, Stephen H. Davatzes, Nicholas C. Mutlu, Ovunc TI Linear complementarity formulation for 3D frictional sliding problems SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Boundary element method; Friction solver; Linear complementarity; Fault mechanics ID BODY CONTACT PROBLEMS; COULOMB-FRICTION; DYNAMIC RUPTURE; NORMAL FAULTS; SLIP; SURFACE; STRESS; SIMULATIONS; EARTHQUAKES; CALIFORNIA AB Frictional sliding on quasi-statically deforming faults and fractures can be modeled efficiently using a linear complementarity formulation. We review the formulation in two dimensions and expand the formulation to three-dimensional problems including problems of orthotropic friction. This formulation accurately reproduces analytical solutions to static Coulomb friction sliding problems. The formulation accounts for opening displacements that can occur near regions of non-planarity even under large confining pressures. Such problems are difficult to solve owing to the coupling of relative displacements and tractions; thus, many geomechanical problems tend to neglect these effects. Simple test cases highlight the importance of including friction and allowing for opening when solving quasi-static fault mechanics models. These results also underscore the importance of considering the effects of non-planarity in modeling processes associated with crustal faulting. C1 [Kaven, J. Ole; Hickman, Stephen H.] USGS Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Davatzes, Nicholas C.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Mutlu, Ovunc] Weatherford Int, Houston, TX 77041 USA. RP Kaven, JO (reprint author), USGS Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM okaven@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 EI 1573-1499 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 16 IS 3 BP 613 EP 624 DI 10.1007/s10596-011-9272-0 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 936IJ UT WOS:000303583800006 ER PT J AU Whiteley, AR Coombs, JA Hudy, M Robinson, Z Nislow, KH Letcher, BH AF Whiteley, Andrew R. Coombs, Jason A. Hudy, Mark Robinson, Zachary Nislow, Keith H. Letcher, Benjamin H. TI Sampling strategies for estimating brook trout effective population size SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Genetic monitoring; Effective population size; Effective number of breeders; Brook trout; Headwater streams; Linkage disequilibrium; LDNe ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ATLANTIC SALMON; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOFTWARE; PROGRAM; RELATEDNESS; PERSISTENCE; LIKELIHOOD AB The influence of sampling strategy on estimates of effective population size (N (e) ) from single-sample genetic methods has not been rigorously examined, though these methods are increasingly used. For headwater salmonids, spatially close kin association among age-0 individuals suggests that sampling strategy (number of individuals and location from which they are collected) will influence estimates of N (e) through family representation effects. We collected age-0 brook trout by completely sampling three headwater habitat patches, and used microsatellite data and empirically parameterized simulations to test the effects of different combinations of sample size (S = 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, or 200) and number of equally-spaced sample starting locations (SL = 1, 2, 3, 4, or random) on estimates of mean family size and effective number of breeders (N-b). Both S and SL had a strong influence on estimates of mean family size and (N) over cap (b) however the strength of the effects varied among habitat patches that varied in family spatial distributions. The sampling strategy that resulted in an optimal balance between precise estimates of N (b) and sampling effort regardless of family structure occurred with S = 75 and SL = 3. This strategy limited bias by ensuring samples contained individuals from a high proportion of available families while providing a large enough sample size for precise estimates. Because this sampling effort performed well for populations that vary in family structure, it should provide a generally applicable approach for genetic monitoring of iteroparous headwater stream fishes that have overlapping generations. C1 [Whiteley, Andrew R.; Coombs, Jason A.; Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hudy, Mark] James Madison Univ, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, US Forest Serv, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Whiteley, Andrew R.; Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Whiteley, AR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM awhiteley@eco.umass.edu RI Hudy, Mark/D-4106-2013 FU James Madison University; George Washington and Jefferson National Forest; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station; University of Massachusetts Amherst; U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center; Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory FX M. Burak and M. Page helped with genetic analyses. The following organizations provided financial assistance or volunteer support: James Madison University, George Washington and Jefferson National Forest; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station; University of Massachusetts Amherst; U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center; and Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 625 EP 637 DI 10.1007/s10592-011-0313-y PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 934WG UT WOS:000303476900002 ER PT J AU Trapnell, DW Hamrick, JL Negrn-Ortiz, V AF Trapnell, Dorset W. Hamrick, J. L. Negrn-Ortiz, Vivian TI Genetic diversity within a threatened, endemic North American species, Euphorbia telephioides (Euphorbiaceae) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Allozymes; Conservation; Florida; Recovery; Southeastern United States; Telephus spurge ID POPULATIONS; RAREFACTION; DISTANCE; PLANTS; RARE AB The southeastern United States and Florida support an unusually large number of endemic plant species, many of which are threatened by anthropogenic habitat disturbance. As conservation measures are undertaken and recovery plans designed, a factor that must be taken into consideration is the genetic composition of the species of concern. Here we describe the levels, and partitioning, of genetic diversity in 17 populations of the rare and threatened Florida endemic, Euphorbia telephioides (telephus spurge). Species-wide genetic diversity was high (P-s = 91%, AP(s) = 3.81, A(s) = 3.57 and H-es = 0.352) as was mean population genetic diversity (P-p = 81%, AP(p) = 2.98, A(p) = 2.59 and H-ep = 0.320) which ranks it among the highest 10% of plant species surveyed. Partitioning of genetic variation (G(st) = 0.106) was low compared to other herbaceous outcrossing perennials indicating high historical gene flow across its limited geographic range. Among population G(st) values within the three Florida counties in which it occurs, Gulf (0.084), Franklin (0.059) and Bay Counties (0.033), were also quite low. Peripheral populations did not generally have reduced genetic variation although there was significant isolation by distance. Rarefaction analysis showed a non-significant relationship between allelic richness and actual population sizes. Our data suggest that E. telephioides populations were probably more continuously distributed in Bay, Gulf and Franklin Counties and that their relative contemporary isolation is a recent phenomenon. These results are important for developing a recovery plan for this species. C1 [Trapnell, Dorset W.; Hamrick, J. L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Trapnell, Dorset W.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Negrn-Ortiz, Vivian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Negrn-Ortiz, Vivian] Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Trapnell, DW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dorset@plantbio.uga.edu OI Trapnell, Dorset/0000-0001-7184-4700 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The authors thank C. Deen and the Hamrick lab personnel for assistance in the lab as well as three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Funding for the project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0323-4 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 934WG UT WOS:000303476900011 ER PT J AU Moyer, GR Diaz-Ferguson, E AF Moyer, Gregory R. Diaz-Ferguson, Edgardo TI Identification of endangered Alabama lampmussel (Lampsilis virescens) specimens collected in the Emory river, Tennessee, USA via DNA barcoding SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Freshwater mussel; Lampsilis virescens; Mitochondrial DNA; Taxonomic identification AB The federally endangered Alabama lampmussel (Lampsilis virescens) has been presumed extirpated in the Emory river, TN for almost four decades. In the fall of 2011, three specimens that were morphologically identified as L. virescens (based on external shell morphology) were collected from the Emory river. The significance of such a find led biologists to take a noninvasive tissue sample from each individual for genetic confirmation. Approximately 400 nucleotides of the mtDNA COI gene were sequenced for each individual along with two samples of L. virescens from the Paint Rock river. DNA sequence data was also obtained from Genbank for other Lampsilis sp. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic methods revealed strong support for a clade consisting of putative Emory river L. virescens and known L. virescens (Paint Rock river origin) that was sister to all other taxa. These results indicated that the individuals collected from the Emory river were indeed L. virescens. C1 [Moyer, Gregory R.] Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Diaz-Ferguson, Edgardo] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Moyer, GR (reprint author), Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Spring St, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM Greg_Moyer@fws.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 885 EP 889 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0328-z PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 934WG UT WOS:000303476900023 ER PT J AU Del Real, SC Workman, M Merz, J AF Del Real, S. Casey Workman, Michelle Merz, Joseph TI Migration characteristics of hatchery and natural-origin Oncorhynchus mykiss from the lower Mokelumne River, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Mokelumne River; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Acoustic telemetry; Migratory behavior; Hatchery release strategies ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; SURVIVAL; PROBABILITIES; TRANSMITTERS; GROWTH; OCEAN; WILD AB The lower Mokelumne River (LMR), located in the California Central Valley, supports a population of natural-origin Oncorhynchus mykiss. In addition, the Mokelumne River Fish Hatchery (Hatchery) contributes hatchery produced O. mykiss to the system annually. We conducted a 3 year acoustic tagging study to evaluate the migratory characteristics of LMR hatchery and natural-origin O. mykiss to the Pacific Ocean. Specifically, we analyzed downstream movement and migration rates, routes, and success of acoustically tagged O. mykiss of hatchery and natural origin under variable release locations in non-tidal and tidal habitats. Results from our study suggest there are significant differences in the proportion of hatchery and natural O. mykiss that demonstrate downstream movement. Fish origin, size, and release location all had a significant effect on whether an individual demonstrated downstream movement. Mokelumne origin O. mykiss that initiated downstream movement utilized numerous migration routes throughout the Delta during their migration towards the Pacific Ocean. We identified four primary migration pathways from the lower Mokelumne River through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta while the Delta Cross Channel was closed. However, several other pathways were utilized. Origin had a significant effect on O. mykiss success in reaching key points in the Delta and through the Estuary. Fish size had a significant effect on whether an individual reached the marine environment. Of the 467 O. mykiss tagged, 34 successfully reached the Pacific Ocean (Golden Gate Bridge), and of these, 33 were hatchery-origin and 1 was natural-origin. A higher proportion of hatchery-origin fish (10% of tagged) migrated to the ocean compared to natural-origin fish (< 1%). Our study provides valuable information on the differences between hatchery and natural-origin O. mykiss migration characteristics as well as unique insight into the migratory behavior of little studied non-Sacramento River origin salmonids. C1 [Del Real, S. Casey] E Bay Municipal Util Dist, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. [Workman, Michelle] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. [Merz, Joseph] Cramer Fish Sci, Auburn, CA 95602 USA. RP Del Real, SC (reprint author), E Bay Municipal Util Dist, 1 Winemasters Way,STE K-2, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. EM sdelreal@ebmud.com FU East Bay Municipal Utility District; California Urban Water Agencies; Mokelumne River Partnership; Mokelumne River Fish Hatchery; California Fish Tracking Consortium. FX Financial support for this work was provided by East Bay Municipal Utility District, the California Urban Water Agencies, and the Mokelumne River Partnership. We gratefully acknowledge J. Miyamoto, J. Smith, J. Setka, E. Rible, C. Hunter, M. Saldate, J. Shillam, P. Sandstrom, E. Chapman, W. Heady, all field staff who helped develop and collect data for this study, and the collaborative support of the Mokelumne River Fish Hatchery and the California Fish Tracking Consortium. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUN PY 2012 VL 94 IS 2 BP 363 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9967-z PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 935IV UT WOS:000303513300001 ER PT J AU Ahrenstorff, TD Jensen, OP Weidel, BC Mendsaikhan, B Hrabik, TR AF Ahrenstorff, Tyler D. Jensen, Olaf P. Weidel, Brian C. Mendsaikhan, B. Hrabik, Thomas R. TI Abundance, spatial distribution, and diet of endangered Hovsgol grayling (Thymallus nigrescens) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Hydroacoustics; Hovsgol; Grayling; Diel vertical migration; Endangered species ID LAKE HOVSGOL; VERTICAL MIGRATION; ARCTIC LAKE; FOOD WEBS; MONGOLIA; FISH; INVERTEBRATES; GAMMARIDAE; MANAGEMENT; SUPERIOR AB The Hovsgol grayling, endemic to Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia, is considered endangered, but published descriptions of the species abundance, distribution, or behavior do not exist. We used hydroacoustics, vertical and horizontal gillnetting, zooplankton sampling, and stomach content analysis to characterize abundance, distribution, prey availability, and diet of Hovsgol grayling. Pelagic Hovsgol grayling densities averaged 34.2 +/- 6.8 individuals center dot ha(-1) (biomass of 4.4 A +/- 0.9 kg center dot ha(-1)) and were concentrated along the western and northern areas of the lake. Gillnet catch rates were 7.5 times higher for littoral sets than pelagic sets. Pelagic vertical distributions of zooplankton and Hovsgol grayling were concentrated above 50 m, with grayling exhibiting diel vertical migrations from 15 m at night to 30 m during the day. Smaller Hovsgol grayling fed primarily on zooplankton while larger individuals fed more heavily on benthic prey in littoral and pelagic areas. The results from this study may be used to guide conservation management and monitoring strategies for Hovsgol grayling, and provide a conservation reference point as human population growth and environmental change continues in the Lake Hovsgol catchment. C1 [Ahrenstorff, Tyler D.; Hrabik, Thomas R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Mendsaikhan, B.] Inst Geoecol, Ulaanbaatar 211238, Mongol Peo Rep. RP Ahrenstorff, TD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, 207 Swenson Sci Bldg,1035 Kirby Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM ahre0051@d.umn.edu FU National Geographic Society [W21-08]; David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship FX This research would not have been possible without the devoted work of our field assistants: Amaraa, Baasanjav, Gonzorig, Boyd-Honda, Captain Bayraa and first mate, Moogi. We are also thankful to several anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a National Geographic Society Waitt Grant (W21-08) and a David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship awarded to OPJ NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUN PY 2012 VL 94 IS 2 BP 465 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9961-5 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 935IV UT WOS:000303513300009 ER PT J AU Maloney, KO Lellis, WA Bennett, RM Waddle, TJ AF Maloney, Kelly O. Lellis, William A. Bennett, Randy M. Waddle, Terry J. TI Habitat persistence for sedentary organisms in managed rivers: the case for the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) in the Delaware River SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benthic; hydrology; metapopulation; river management; two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; Unionidae ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; COMPLANATA MOLLUSCA; MICROHABITAT USE; INSTREAM FLOW; STREAM; COMMUNITIES; UNIONIDAE; USA; DISPERSAL; ABUNDANCE AB 1. To manage the environmental flow requirements of sedentary taxa, such as mussels and aquatic insects with fixed retreats, we need a measure of habitat availability over a variety of flows (i.e. a measure of persistent habitat). Habitat suitability measures in current environmental flow assessments are measured on a flow by flow basis and thus are not appropriate for these taxa. Here, we present a novel measure of persistent habitat suitability for the dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon), listed as federally endangered in the U.S.A., in three reaches of the Delaware River. 2. We used a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to quantify suitable habitat over a range of flows based on modelled depth, velocity, Froude number, shear velocity and shear stress at three scales (individual mussel, mussel bed and reach). Baseline potentially persistent habitat was quantified as the sum of pixels that met all thresholds identified for these variables for flows =40 m3 s-1, and we calculated the loss of persistently suitable habitat by sequentially summing suitable habitat estimates at lower flows. We estimated the proportion of mussel beds exposed at each flow and the amount of change in the size of the mussel bed for one reach. 3. For two reaches, mussel beds occupied areas with lower velocity, shear velocity, shear stress and Froude number than the reach average at all flows. In the third reach, this was true only at higher flows. Together, these results indicate that beds were possible refuge areas from the effects of these hydrological parameters. Two reaches showed an increase in the amount of exposed mussel beds with decreasing flow. 4. Baseline potentially persistent habitat was less than half the areal extent of potentially suitable habitat, and it decreased with decreasing flow. Actually identified beds and modelled persistent habitat showed good spatial overlap, but identified beds occupied only a portion of the total modelled persistent habitat, indicating either that additional suitable habitat is available or the need to improve habitat criteria. At one site, persistent beds (beds where mussels were routinely collected) were located at sites with stable substratum, whereas marginal beds (beds where mussels were infrequently collected or that were lost following a large flood event) were located in scoured areas. 5. Taken together, these model results support a multifaceted approach, which incorporates the effects of low and high flow stressors, to quantify habitat suitability for mussels and other sedentary taxa. Models of persistent habitat can provide a more holistic environmental flow assessment of rivers. C1 [Maloney, Kelly O.; Lellis, William A.; Bennett, Randy M.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Waddle, Terry J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Maloney, KO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM kmaloney@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1315 EP 1327 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02788.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 934HO UT WOS:000303435100017 ER PT J AU Ward, JL Blum, MJ Walters, DM Porter, BA Burkhead, N Freeman, B AF Ward, Jessica L. Blum, Mike J. Walters, David M. Porter, Brady A. Burkhead, Noel Freeman, Byron TI Discordant introgression in a rapidly expanding hybrid swarm SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE competition; Cyprinella; hybrid zone; introgression; invasive species; selection ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SEXUAL SELECTION; RED SHINER; PECOS PUPFISH; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; CYPRINODON-PECOSENSIS; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS AB The erosion of species boundaries can involve rapid evolutionary change. Consequently, many aspects of the process remain poorly understood, including the formation, expansion, and evolution of hybrid swarms. Biological invasions involving hybridization present exceptional opportunities to study the erosion of species boundaries because timelines of interactions and outcomes are frequently well known. Here, we examined clinal variation across codominant and maternally inherited genetic markers as well as phenotypic traits to characterize the expansion and evolution of a hybrid swarm between native Cyprinella venusta and invasive Cyprinella lutrensis minnows. Discordant introgression of phenotype, microsatellite multilocus genotype, and mtDNA haplotype indicates that the observable expansion of the C.venusta X C.lutrensis hybrid swarm is a false invasion front. Both parental and hybrid individuals closely resembling C.lutrensis are numerically dominant in the expansion wake, indicating that the non-native parental phenotype may be selectively favored. These findings show that cryptic introgression can extend beyond the phenotypic boundaries of hybrid swarms and that hybrid swarms likely expand more rapidly than can be documented from phenotypic variation alone. Similarly, dominance of a single parental phenotype following an introduction event may lead to instances of species erosion being mistaken for species displacement without hybridization. C1 [Ward, Jessica L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Blum, Mike J.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Porter, Brady A.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Burkhead, Noel] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Freeman, Byron] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ward, JL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, 100 Ecol Bldg,1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jlward@umn.edu RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012 FU US EPA; Office of Naval Research (US Department of Defense); Tulane University FX We are grateful to R. Walter and D. Hogan for laboratory assistance and discussion and P. Venturelli for comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful for the comments of three anonymous reviewers. This research was funded by the US EPA, Office of Naval Research (US Department of Defense), and Tulane University. NR 100 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 380 EP 392 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00249.x PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 930QS UT WOS:000303154800005 PM 25568058 ER PT J AU Gustafson, RG Ford, MJ Adams, PB Drake, JS Emmett, RL Fresh, KL Rowse, M Spangler, EAK Spangler, RE Teel, DJ Wilson, MT AF Gustafson, Richard G. Ford, Michael J. Adams, Peter B. Drake, Jonathan S. Emmett, Robert L. Fresh, Kurt L. Rowse, Mindy Spangler, Elizabeth A. K. Spangler, Robert E. Teel, David J. Wilson, Matthew T. TI Conservation status of eulachon in the California Current SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Endangered Species Act; forage fish; osmerid smelt; Thaleichthys pacificus ID THALEICHTHYS-PACIFICUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRAWL FISHERY; NORTH-AMERICA; OCEAN; MORTALITY; MARINE; TEMPERATURE AB Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus), an anadromous smelt in the Northeast Pacific Ocean was examined for listing under the USAs Endangered Species Act (ESA). A southern Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of eulachon that occurs in the California Current and is composed of numerous subpopulations that spawn in rivers from northern California to northern British Columbia was identified on the basis of ecological and environmental characteristics, and to a lesser extent, genetic and life history variation. Although the northern terrestrial boundary of this DPS remains uncertain, our consensus opinion was that this northern boundary occurs south of the Nass River and that the DPS was discrete from more northern eulachon, as well as significant to the biological species as a whole and thus is a species under the ESA. Eulachon have been nearly absent in northern California for over two decades, have declined in the Fraser River by over 97% in the past 10 years, and are at historically low levels in other British Columbia rivers in the DPS, and nearly so in the Columbia River. Major threats to southern eulachon include climate change impacts on ocean and freshwater habitat, by-catch in offshore shrimp trawl fisheries, changes in downstream flow timing and intensity owing to dams and water diversions, and predation. These threats, together with large declines in abundance, indicate that the southern DPS of eulachon is at moderate risk of extinction throughout all of its range. The southern DPS was listed as threatened under the ESA in May 2010 the first marine forage fish to be afforded these statutory protections, which apply only to waters under U.S. jurisdiction. C1 [Gustafson, Richard G.; Ford, Michael J.; Drake, Jonathan S.; Fresh, Kurt L.; Rowse, Mindy; Teel, David J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Adams, Peter B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Emmett, Robert L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Spangler, Elizabeth A. K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Interior, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Spangler, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Wilson, Matthew T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gustafson, RG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Rick.Gustafson@noaa.gov FU Northwest Region of NMFS FX Numerous individual fishery scientists and managers provided information that aided in preparation of this document and deserve special thanks. We particularly thank Dr. Doug Hay, Nearshore Consulting, Nanaimo, British Columbia (Scientist Emeritus, Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada); Brad James, Greg Bargmann, and Olaf Langness, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; and Tom Rien, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. We also thank Megan Moody, Nuxalk Nation, Bella Coola, British Columbia; Andy Lecuyer, Environmental Advisor, Rio Tinto Alcan Inc., Kemano, British Columbia; Michael R. Gordon, M. R. Gordon & Associates Ltd., North Vancouver, British Columbia; and Irene Martin, Skamokawa, Washington, for providing documents or steering us towards those who could. Additional thanks go to Jeff Cowen for assistance with the figures; Laurie Weitkamp, Thomas Good, Jeff Hard, Doug Hay (external reviewer), and one anonymous reviewer for providing valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript; and five anonymous scientists whose reviews of an early draft of the status review substantially improved the quality of our final product. The Northwest Region of NMFS provided partial funding in support of this investigation. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 2 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00418.x PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923HM UT WOS:000302610400001 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Ebel, BA AF Moody, John A. Ebel, Brian A. TI Hyper-dry conditions provide new insights into the cause of extreme floods after wildfire SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Unsaturated; Retention curve; Hyper-dry; Soil moisture ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; VAPOR; FIRE; ENVIRONMENTS; SORPTIVITY; REPELLENCY; ADSORPTION; SEVERITY; RUNOFF; ASH AB A catastrophic wildfire in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains near Boulder, Colorado provided a unique opportunity to investigate soil conditions immediately after a wildfire and before alteration by rainfall. Measurements of near-surface (<6 cm) soil properties (temperature, volumetric soil-water content, 0; and matric suction, psi), rainfall, and wind velocity were started 8 days after the wildfire began. These measurements established that hyper-dry conditions (theta < similar to 0.02 cm(3) cm(-3); psi > similar to 3 x 10(5) cm) existed and provided an in-situ retention curve for these conditions. These conditions exacerbate the effects of water repellency (natural and fire-induced) and limit the effectiveness of capillarity and gravity driven infiltration into fire-affected soils. The important consequence is that given hyper-dry conditions, the critical rewetting process before the first rain is restricted to the diffusion-adsorption of water-vapor. This process typically has a time scale of days to weeks (especially when the hydrologic effects of the ash layer are included) that is longer than the typical time scale (minutes to hours) of some rainstorms, such that under hyper-dry conditions essentially no rain infiltrates. The existence of hyper-dry conditions provides insight into why, frequently during the first rain storm after a wildfire, nearly all rainfall becomes runoff causing extreme floods and debris flows. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moody, John A.; Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St,Ste E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov; bebel@usgs.gov RI Ebel, Brian/A-2483-2011; OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-6969-8967; Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX Brian Ebel received support from the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. The presentation of this work benefitted from thoughtful comments from Brian Andraski, Deborah Martin, Roger Smith, and David Stonestrom. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUN PY 2012 VL 93 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2012.01.006 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 927EQ UT WOS:000302890300007 ER PT J AU Waitman, BA Vander Wall, SB Esque, TC AF Waitman, B. A. Vander Wall, S. B. Esque, T. C. TI Seed dispersal and seed fate in Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Joshua tree; Scatter-hoarding; Seed dispersal; White-tailed antelope ground squirrel; Yucca brevifolia ID EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN NEVADA; KANGAROO RATS; MOJAVE DESERT; HABITAT USE; MUTUALISM; RODENTS; COEVOLUTION; AGAVACEAE AB Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) is a charismatic symbol of the Mojave Desert. Despite its familiarity, we know little about the reproduction of this species, including mechanisms of seed dispersal. Here we examine mechanisms of seed dispersal and resulting seed fate. We experimentally tracked fruit and seed removal and followed the fates of Joshua tree seeds using radioactive tracers. The majority of Joshua tree fruits monitored were taken directly from the tree canopy by white-tailed antelope squirrels, and seeds and fruits on the soil surface were quickly removed by animals. Rodents given seeds labeled with scandium-46 cached them between 0.1 cm and 4.1 cm deep. Seedling emergence was most common for seeds planted 1 cm deep, whereas seeds placed on the soil surface seldom germinated. Wind dispersal is unlikely because fruits and seeds lack adaptations for wind dispersal: wind speeds required to move Joshua tree seeds and fruits across the soil surface were higher than those typically found in the Mojave Desert. Further, rodents removed most seeds before abiotic burial was possible. We conclude that most Joshua tree seeds are dispersed by scatter hoarding by rodents, and that caches made by rodents are suitable sites for seedling emergence. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vander Wall, S. B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Vander Wall, S. B.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Waitman, B. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Esque, T. C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Vander Wall, SB (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM bawaitma@ucdavis.edu; sv@unr.edu FU US Geological Survey FX We thank Steve Jenkins and Jeanne Chambers for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We thank Jayne Belnap, Sue Philips, Matt Van Scoyoc, and Adam Kind for the use of and help with their wind tunnel. We also thank Mark Enders, Maurie Beck, Lesley Defalco, Phil Medica, Lara Niell, Chris Moore, Katherine Nolte, and Kristina Drake for their help in carrying out this project. We thank the US Geological Survey for financial support. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 64 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 81 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.12.012 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 920VW UT WOS:000302437600001 ER PT J AU Piazza, BP La Peyre, MK AF Piazza, Bryan P. La Peyre, Megan K. TI Measuring Changes in Consumer Resource Availability to Riverine Pulsing in Breton Sound, Louisiana, USA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FLOW; GULF-OF-MEXICO; FOOD WEBS; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; PERIODICAL CICADAS; ESTUARINE HABITATS; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; DELTAIC ESTUARY; ENERGY DENSITY; LIFE-HISTORY AB Resource pulses are thought to structure communities and food webs through the assembly of consumers. Aggregated consumers represent a high quality resource subsidy that becomes available for trophic transfer during and after the pulse. In estuarine systems, riverine flood pulses deliver large quantities of basal resources and make high quality habitat available for exploitation by consumers. These consumers represent a change in resources that may be available for trophic transfer. We quantified this increased consumer resource availability (nekton density, biomass, energy density) provided by riverine flood pulsing in Breton Sound, Louisiana, USA. We used water level differences between an area subject to two experimental riverine flood pulses (inflow) and a reference area not receiving inflow to identify the percentage of nekton standing stock and energy density that may be attributable solely to riverine pulsing and may represent a consumer resource subsidy. Riverine pulsing accounted for more than 60% of resident nekton density (ind m(-2)), biomass (g m(-2)), and energy density (cal m(-2)) on the flooded marsh surface during two experimental pulse events in 2005. Our results document the potential subsidy of resident nekton standing stock from a riverine flood pulse available for export to subtidal habitats. Given predicted large scale changes in river discharge globally, this approach could provide a useful tool for quantifying the effects of changes in riverine discharge on consumer resource availability. C1 [Piazza, Bryan P.] Louisiana State Univ Agr Ctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ Agr Ctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Piazza, BP (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. EM bpiazza@tnc.org FU Louisiana Governor's Applied Coastal Research and Development Program (LACRDP); Coastal Restoration and Enhancement through Science and Technology (CREST) Program; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries FX This work was funded by grants from the Louisiana Governor's Applied Coastal Research and Development Program (LACRDP), the Coastal Restoration and Enhancement through Science and Technology (CREST; www.gulfcrest.org) Program and by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names, or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37536 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037536 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959YF UT WOS:000305353400030 PM 22666363 ER PT J AU Ivanova, EV Murdmaa, IO Karpuk, MS Schornikov, EI Marret, F Cronin, TM Buynevich, IV Platonova, EA AF Ivanova, Elena V. Murdmaa, Ivar O. Karpuk, Maria S. Schornikov, Eugene I. Marret, Fabienne Cronin, Thomas M. Buynevich, Ilya V. Platonova, Elena A. TI Paleoenvironmental changes on the northeastern and southwestern Black Sea shelves during the Holocene SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th IGCP 521 Plenary Meeting on Caspian-Black Sea-Mediterranean Corridors During the Last 30 ka - Sea Level Change and Human Adaptive Strategies CY SEP 27-OCT 05, 2010 CL GREECE SP Hydrobiol Stn Rhodes, Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Avalon Inst Appl Sci ID DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; MARMARA; LEVEL; ASSEMBLAGES; SALINITY; AGE; RECONNECTION; CALIBRATION AB Four paleoceanographic events are distinguished during the Holocene based on changes in macro- and microfossil assemblages studied from three sediment cores (Ak 521, 522, 2571) from the outer northeast shelf and from core MAR02-45 situated on the southwest shelf of the Black Sea, west to the Bosphorus. The lithology and fossils were previously studied from cores Ak 521 and Ak 522 and MAR02-45. However, high resolution ostracod analyses from the AMS-C-14 dated core, Ak 2571, allowed for a revision of the taxonomy and paleoecological interpretation of this microfaunal group on the NE shelf. Downcore changes in the relative abundance of the polyhaline ostracods are found to be contemporaneous in all three cores from the NE shelf. As a result, centennial-millennial scale fluctuations of the bottom-water salinity are resolved in the area. A broader scale examination of paleoenvironmental changes between the NE and SW shelves is also made and the surface to bottom salinity gradient is discussed. An uncalibrated radiocarbon based chronology is used throughout this paper to facilitate comparison with the regional chronostratigraphy of marine transgression and regressions in the Black Sea. The calibrated ages corrected for the changes in reservoir age through the Holocene are also provided. The first paleoceanographic event is associated with the pulse of Mediterranean water previously established at about 9.8-9.3 ka BP. This event is clearly observed in the SW region but not on the NE shelf due to a hiatus in the longest core, Ak 521. The second event is represented on both the NE and SW shelves as a replacement of brackish benthic fauna and surface phytoplankton with marine ones between 8.4 and 6.9 ka BP, indicating a gradual increase in salinity. The third event is marked by opposing trends in surface and bottom-water salinity changes. On the NE shelf, bottom-water salinity rose to modern values by similar to 6.5 ka BP and then decreased within the interval similar to 6.4-5.3 ka BP as recorded by the ostracod assemblages. On the SW shelf, surface-water salinity reached modern values by 5.6 ka BP and remained constant until present day as inferred from the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. The fourth event is marked by a recurring increase in bottom-water salinity to modern values indicated by the polyhaline ostracod assemblages at similar to 5.3 ka BP in the NE region, after which only minor salinity fluctuations are observed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Ivanova, Elena V.; Murdmaa, Ivar O.] RAS, Shrshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Karpuk, Maria S.; Platonova, Elena A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Geol Fac, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Schornikov, Eugene I.] AV Zhirmunsky Inst Marine Biol, Far E Div RAS, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. [Marret, Fabienne] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZT, Merseyside, England. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Buynevich, Ilya V.] Temple Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Ivanova, EV (reprint author), RAS, Shrshov Inst Oceanol, 36 Nakhimovsky Prosp, Moscow 117997, Russia. EM e_v_ivanova@ocean.ru; murdmaa@mail.ru; mashita@mail.ru; eschornikov@yandex.ru; f.marret@liv.ac.uk; tcronin@usgs.gov; coast@temple.edu; ep081@uow.edu.au OI BUYNEVICH, ILYA/0000-0002-3840-0208 NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 261 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.11.015 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 950ZN UT WOS:000304690500009 ER PT J AU Lease, RO Burbank, DW Zhang, HP Liu, JH Yuan, DY AF Lease, Richard O. Burbank, Douglas W. Zhang, Huiping Liu, Jianhui Yuan, Daoyang TI Cenozoic shortening budget for the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau: Is lower crustal flow necessary? SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH QILIAN SHAN; QAIDAM BASIN; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TOPOGRAPHIC GROWTH; (U-TH)/HE AGES; LINXIA BASIN; CHINA; FAULT; MARGIN; COLLISION AB Two of the most popular mechanisms for thickening the crust beneath the Tibetan Plateau are (1) pure shear with faulting and folding in the upper crust and horizontal shortening below and (2) flow of lower or middle crust without significant shortening of the upper crust. To help discriminate between the relative contributions of these two mechanisms, well-constrained estimates of upper crustal shortening are needed. Here we document the Cenozoic shortening budget across the northeastern Tibetan Plateau margin with several balanced cross sections that exploit thermochronological and magnetostratigraphic constraints. These sections indicate 11 (+2)/(-1)% east-west shortening since middle Miocene time and similar to 9 (+2)/(-3)% NNE-SSW shortening between middle Eocene and middle Miocene times with little subsequent shortening of this orientation. Shortening rates accelerate fivefold after middle Miocene time. Given the present-day crustal thickness of 56 +/- 4 km in northeastern Tibet, crustal restorations that remove Cenozoic shortening suggest that the northeastern Tibetan crust was 45 +/- 5 km thick prior to the India-Asia continental collision. This precollision thickness estimate is equivalent to average continental crustal thicknesses both adjacent to the Tibetan Plateau (44 +/- 4 km) and globally (41 +/- 6 km) and suggests that pure shear alone may account for Cenozoic crustal thickening in northeastern Tibet. In contrast to eastern Tibet where, in the absence of significant shortening structures, crustal flow has been invoked to explain the addition of crustal material since middle Miocene time, our results may obviate lower crustal flow as a necessary crustal thickening agent in northeastern Tibet. C1 [Lease, Richard O.; Burbank, Douglas W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Zhang, Huiping] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jianhui] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Daoyang] China Earthquake Adm, Lanzhou Inst Seismol, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. RP Lease, RO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rlease@usgs.gov OI Lease, Richard/0000-0003-2582-8966 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0507431]; National Science Foundation of China [41030317]; China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics [LED2009A06] FX We thank Ken Farley and Lindsey Hedges for apatite (U-Th)/He analyses, Peizhen Zhang for facilitating fieldwork, Laura Smith and Cecile Bonnet-Matzinger for field assistance, Michael Oskin for his review, and Peter Molnar for comments on an earlier version of this paper. This work was funded jointly by the U.S. National Science Foundation Continental Dynamics program (grant EAR-0507431), a U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to R.O. Lease, the National Science Foundation of China (grant 41030317), and the China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics (grant LED2009A06). We acknowledge Midland Valley Exploration for providing 2-D Move software through their Academic Software Initiative. NR 96 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 31 AR TC3011 DI 10.1029/2011TC003066 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 952FE UT WOS:000304775400001 ER PT J AU Tournebize, J Gregoire, C Coupe, RH Ackerer, P AF Tournebize, J. Gregoire, C. Coupe, R. H. Ackerer, P. TI Modelling nitrate transport under row intercropping system: Vines and grass cover SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Associated species; Vine; Grass cover; Deterministic modelling; Nitrate leaching ID DEFINING COMPETITION VECTORS; ALLEY CROPPING SYSTEM; SOIL-WATER BALANCE; DENITRIFICATION LOSSES; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MIDWESTERN USA; ROOT-SYSTEM; FIELD DATA; VINEYARD; NITROGEN AB In the context of reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution, an associated crop system often presents several advantages. The difficulty resides in the characterisation of each species' contribution (dominant and dominated). This paper deals with the particular case of voluntary grass cover management between rows in a vine plot. We evaluate the spatial and temporal changes in the development of both crops: vine/grass cover system, in their ecological functioning and in the influences on water and nitrogen balances. We modify the SWMS_3D model to incorporate separate distribution of water and nitrogen demands for the two coexisting plant species. The parameterized model is then assessed using the measured data (water content, matrix potential and nitrogen content of the soil solution at depths of 30, 60,90 and 120 cm) acquired from two monitored vine plots (vine "Tockay-Pinot Gris" plot grass covered every second row compared to a control plot that was chemically weeded vine "Riesling" plot, France, Alsace, Rouffach) between October 1998 and September 2000. The main results are the following. The vine's mean total transpiration over the two growing seasons of 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 is simulated of 355 +/- 9 mm per season. The matrix potential is reproduced accurately especially improving with depth and under the interrow. Despite a high variability due to soil heterogeneity, the nitrogen mass variations between measurements and simulations with the adapted model are coherent. Nevertheless we note that the model slightly underestimates the nitrogen mass for both types of observed cropping patterns, however the ratio between the two itineraries remains similar, yielding a reduction in nitrogen loss by at least 4-fold in favour of grass cover every second row plot during the period observed from 10/ 01/1998 to 09/30/2000. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tournebize, J.] Irstea, UR Hydrosyst & Bioproc, F-92761 Antony, France. [Gregoire, C.; Ackerer, P.] Univ Strasbourg, ENGEES, CNRS, UMR LHYGES 7517, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. [Coupe, R. H.] US Geol Survey, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. RP Tournebize, J (reprint author), Irstea, UR Hydrosyst & Bioproc, 1 Rue Pierre Gilles Genne,CS 10030, F-92761 Antony, France. EM Julien.tournebize@irstea.fr RI TOURNEBIZE, Julien/C-6620-2008; OI Ackerer, Philippe/0000-0002-9111-6118; TOURNEBIZE, Julien/0000-0001-9294-839X FU viticultural domain at the Lycee in Rouffach; Alsace Regional Council (Conseil Regional Alsace); Ministry of Agriculture FX The authors would like to thank A. Roth, director of the viticultural domain at the Lycee in Rouffach, the Alsace Regional Council (Conseil Regional Alsace) and the Ministry of Agriculture for funding as well as Eric Pernin for his technical assistance (chemical analysis and field monitoring). NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 29 PY 2012 VL 440 BP 14 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.03.002 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 948PB UT WOS:000304514000002 ER PT J AU Wellman, TP Kauffman, L Clark, B AF Wellman, Tristan P. Kauffman, Leon Clark, Brian TI A zonal evaluation of intrinsic susceptibility in selected principal aquifers of the United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Susceptibility; Vulnerability; Groundwater; Transport; Particle tracking; Uncertainty ID REDOX PROCESSES; TRANSPORT; FLOW AB A method was developed to evaluate intrinsic groundwater susceptibility in 11 study areas across the United States. Calibrated groundwater-flow models and a variable-advection particle-tracking scheme that accounts for uncertainty were used to derive ranges of conservative solute concentration and groundwater age within spatially defined zones from solute loading to the water table. Aquifers were partitioned into six zones; four relative depth zones and two zones to represent pumping wells and surface water. Five years after solute was introduced in simulated recharge and stream leakage, normalized zone concentrations were detected at values above 10(-4) in the shallowest aquifer zone, well zone, and surface-water zone for 10 of the 11 study areas. At the 125-year time scale, 9 out of the 11 study areas exhibited detectable concentrations in all zones and the majority of zones possess concentrations that are substantial relative to the source concentration (C/C-o > 10(-1)). Thresholds defined by the time representing the earliest 1% of groundwater-transit times were used to identify fast transport pathways within the groundwater. The 1% thresholds occurred in a period of days to years for the shallow zone, days to decades for the well and surface-water zones, and years to millennia for the deeper zones. Thresholds defined by the 99th percentile of groundwater travel times were used to reflect late-time response and ranged considerably between study area (similar to 10(2) to similar to 10(6) years), which highlights the potential for chemical constituents to persist in groundwater for long periods under a conservative state. The results of this investigation provide an instructive example of the intricate relations between climate and aquifer characteristics and their role on solute transport in groundwater. The proposed method accounts for dynamical processes in the aquifer and complements more traditional assessments of susceptibility using (apparent) mean water age. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wellman, Tristan P.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Kauffman, Leon] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Clark, Brian] US Geol Survey, Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. RP Wellman, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM twellman@usgs.gov; lkauff@usgs.gov; brclark@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 29 PY 2012 VL 440 BP 36 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jhydro1.2012.03.012 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 948PB UT WOS:000304514000004 ER PT J AU Love, JJ Rigler, EJ AF Love, Jeffrey J. Rigler, E. Joshua TI Sunspot random walk and 22-year variation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SOLAR-CYCLE; DYNAMOS; NUMBER; FLUX AB We examine two stochastic models for consistency with observed long-term secular trends in sunspot number and a faint, but semi-persistent, 22-yr signal: (1) a null hypothesis, a simple one-parameter log-normal random-walk model of sunspot-number cycle-to-cycle change, and, (2) an alternative hypothesis, a two-parameter random-walk model with an imposed 22-yr alternating amplitude. The observed secular trend in sunspots, seen from solar cycle 5 to 23, would not be an unlikely result of the accumulation of multiple random-walk steps. Statistical tests show that a 22-yr signal can be resolved in historical sunspot data; that is, the probability is low that it would be realized from random data. On the other hand, the 22-yr signal has a small amplitude compared to random variation, and so it has a relatively small effect on sunspot predictions. Many published predictions for cycle 24 sunspots fall within the dispersion of previous cycle-to-cycle sunspot differences. The probability is low that the Sun will, with the accumulation of random steps over the next few cycles, walk down to a Dalton-like minimum. Our models support published interpretations of sunspot secular variation and 22-yr variation resulting from cycle-to-cycle accumulation of dynamo-generated magnetic energy. C1 [Love, Jeffrey J.; Rigler, E. Joshua] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046,MS 966 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 FU USGS FX We thank C. A. Finn, J. L. Gannon, K. Mursula, D. M. Perkins, E. W. Worthington, and an anonymous person for reviewing a draft manuscript. This work was supported by the USGS Geomagnetism Program. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L10103 DI 10.1029/2012GL051818 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 949FD UT WOS:000304561100004 ER PT J AU Saffaraval, F Solovitz, SA Ogden, DE Mastin, LG AF Saffaraval, Farhad Solovitz, Stephen A. Ogden, Darcy E. Mastin, Larry G. TI Impact of reduced near-field entrainment of overpressured volcanic jets on plume development SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT ENTRAINMENT; ERUPTION COLUMNS; FLUID-DYNAMICS; CONVECTION; MAGMA; MODEL; FLOW; ASH AB Volcanic plumes are often studied using one-dimensional analytical models, which use an empirical entrainment ratio to close the equations. Although this ratio is typically treated as constant, its value near the vent is significantly reduced due to flow development and overpressured conditions. To improve the accuracy of these models, a series of experiments was performed using particle image velocimetry, a high-accuracy, full-field velocity measurement technique. Experiments considered a high-speed jet with Reynolds numbers up to 467,000 and exit pressures up to 2.93 times atmospheric. Exit gas densities were also varied from 0.18 to 1.4 times that of air. The measured velocity was integrated to determine entrainment directly. For jets with exit pressures near atmospheric, entrainment was approximately 30% less than the fully developed level at 20 diameters from the exit. At pressures nearly three times that of the atmosphere, entrainment was 60% less. These results were introduced into Plumeria, a one-dimensional plume model, to examine the impact of reduced entrainment. The maximum column height was only slightly modified, but the critical radius for collapse was significantly reduced, decreasing by nearly a factor of two at moderate eruptive pressures. C1 [Saffaraval, Farhad; Solovitz, Stephen A.] Washington State Univ, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Ogden, Darcy E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA USA. [Mastin, Larry G.] Cascade Volcanoes Observ, United States Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Solovitz, SA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM stevesol@vancouver.wsu.edu NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B05209 DI 10.1029/2011JB008862 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 949OR UT WOS:000304586000001 ER PT J AU Starcevich, SJ Howell, PJ Jacobs, SE Sankovich, PM AF Starcevich, Steven J. Howell, Philip J. Jacobs, Steven E. Sankovich, Paul M. TI Seasonal Movement and Distribution of Fluvial Adult Bull Trout in Selected Watersheds in the Mid-Columbia River and Snake River Basins SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; LIFE-HISTORY; MIGRATION PATTERNS; HABITAT USE; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; MONTANA; IDAHO; LANDSCAPE; DRAINAGE AB From 1997 to 2004, we used radio telemetry to investigate movement and distribution patterns of 206 adult fluvial bull trout (mean, 449 mm FL) from watersheds representing a wide range of habitat conditions in northeastern Oregon and southwestern Washington, a region for which there was little previous information about this species. Migrations between spawning and wintering locations were longest for fish from the Imnaha River (median, 89 km) and three Grande Ronde River tributaries, the Wenaha (56 km) and Lostine (41 km) rivers and Lookingglass Creek (47 km). Shorter migrations were observed in the John Day (8 km), Walla Walla (20 km) and Umatilla river (22 km) systems, where relatively extensive human alterations of the riverscape have been reported. From November through May, fish displayed station-keeping behavior within a narrow range (basin medians, 0.5-6.2 km). Prespawning migrations began after snowmelt-driven peak discharge and coincided with declining flows. Most postspawning migrations began by late September. Migration rates of individuals ranged from 0.1 to 10.7 km/day. Adults migrated to spawning grounds in consecutive years and displayed strong fidelity to previous spawning areas and winter locations. In the Grande Ronde River basin, most fish displayed an unusual fluvial pattern: After exiting the spawning tributary and entering a main stem river, individuals moved upstream to wintering habitat, often a substantial distance (maximum, 49 km). Our work provides additional evidence of a strong migratory capacity in fluvial bull trout, but the short migrations we observed suggest adult fluvial migration may be restricted in basins with substantial anthropogenic habitat alteration. More research into bull trout ecology in large river habitats is needed to improve our understanding of how adults establish migration patterns, what factors influence adult spatial distribution in winter, and how managers can protect and enhance fluvial populations. C1 [Starcevich, Steven J.; Jacobs, Steven E.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Native Fish Invest Project, Corvallis, OR USA. [Howell, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, La Grande, OR USA. [Sankovich, Paul M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, La Grande, OR USA. RP Starcevich, SJ (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Native Fish Invest Project, Corvallis, OR USA. EM steve.starcevich@oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration [94B134342, 4101]; USDA Forest Service; Idaho Power Company FX Bonneville Power Administration Contract Numbers 94B134342, 4101 (http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/). USDA Forest Service (http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/about/labs.shtml). No contract number is available. Idaho Power Company (http://www.idahopower.com/). No contract number is available. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 24 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37257 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037257 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UB UT WOS:000305338900012 PM 22655037 ER PT J AU Wolkovich, EM Cook, BI Allen, JM Crimmins, TM Betancourt, JL Travers, SE Pau, S Regetz, J Davies, TJ Kraft, NJB Ault, TR Bolmgren, K Mazer, SJ McCabe, GJ McGill, BJ Parmesan, C Salamin, N Schwartz, MD Cleland, EE AF Wolkovich, E. M. Cook, B. I. Allen, J. M. Crimmins, T. M. Betancourt, J. L. Travers, S. E. Pau, S. Regetz, J. Davies, T. J. Kraft, N. J. B. Ault, T. R. Bolmgren, K. Mazer, S. J. McCabe, G. J. McGill, B. J. Parmesan, C. Salamin, N. Schwartz, M. D. Cleland, E. E. TI Warming experiments underpredict plant phenological responses to climate change SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT METHODS; TEMPERATURE AB Warming experiments are increasingly relied on to estimate plant responses to global climate change(1,2). For experiments to provide meaningful predictions of future responses, they should reflect the empirical record of responses to temperature variability and recent warming, including advances in the timing of flowering and leafing(3-5). We compared phenology (the timing of recurring life history events) in observational studies and warming experiments spanning four continents and 1,634 plant species using a common measure of temperature sensitivity (change in days per degree Celsius). We show that warming experiments underpredict advances in the timing of flowering and leafing by 8.5-fold and 4.0-fold, respectively, compared with long-term observations. For species that were common to both study types, the experimental results did not match the observational data in sign or magnitude. The observational data also showed that species that flower earliest in the spring have the highest temperature sensitivities, but this trend was not reflected in the experimental data. These significant mismatches seem to be unrelated to the study length or to the degree of manipulated warming in experiments. The discrepancy between experiments and observations, however, could arise from complex interactions among multiple drivers in the observational data, or it could arise from remediable artefacts in the experiments that result in lower irradiance and drier soils, thus dampening the phenological responses to manipulated warming. Our results introduce uncertainty into ecosystem models that are informed solely by experiments and suggest that responses to climate change that are predicted using such models should be re-evaluated. C1 [Wolkovich, E. M.; Cleland, E. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cook, B. I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Cook, B. I.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Allen, J. M.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Crimmins, T. M.] USA Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Betancourt, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Travers, S. E.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Pau, S.; Regetz, J.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Davies, T. J.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Kraft, N. J. B.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Kraft, N. J. B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ault, T. R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bolmgren, K.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Swedish Natl Phenol Network, Unit Field Based Forest Res, SE-36030 Lammhult, Sweden. [Bolmgren, K.] Lund Univ, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Mazer, S. J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McCabe, G. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McGill, B. J.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [McGill, B. J.] Univ Maine, Sustainabil Solut Initiat, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Parmesan, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Parmesan, C.] Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Salamin, N.] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Salamin, N.] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schwartz, M. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Wolkovich, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr 0116, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM wolkovich@biodiversity.ubc.ca RI Kraft, Nathan/A-2817-2012; Cook, Benjamin/H-2265-2012; Bolmgren, Kjell/E-1459-2016; McGill, Brian/A-3476-2008; OI Kraft, Nathan/0000-0001-8867-7806; Bolmgren, Kjell/0000-0001-9552-9684; McGill, Brian/0000-0002-0850-1913; Crimmins, Theresa/0000-0001-9592-625X FU National Center for Ecological Analysis Synthesis [EF-0553768]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0905806, IOS-0639794, DEB-0922080]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was conducted as part of the Forecasting Phenology Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis (EF-0553768), with additional support from National Science Foundation grants DBI-0905806, IOS-0639794, DEB-0922080 and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada CREATE Training Program. Special thanks to the many data managers, including G. Aldridge, P. Huth, D. Inouye, G. Johansson, A. Miller-Rushing, J. O'Keefe, R. Primack, S. Smiley, T. Sparks and J. Thompson. We thank M. Ayres, L. Kueppers, D. Moore and M. O'Connor for comments on earlier drafts. NR 28 TC 244 Z9 254 U1 46 U2 427 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 24 PY 2012 VL 485 IS 7399 BP 494 EP 497 DI 10.1038/nature11014 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 946IH UT WOS:000304344500041 PM 22622576 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Creager, K Sweet, J Vidale, JE Ghosh, A Hotovec, A AF Gomberg, J. Creager, K. Sweet, J. Vidale, John E. Ghosh, A. Hotovec, A. TI Earthquake spectra and near-source attenuation in the Cascadia subduction zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; SLOW EARTHQUAKES; CALIFORNIA; SLIP; STRESS; WAVES; FAULT AB Models of seismic source displacement spectra are flat from zero to some corner frequency, fc, regardless of source type. At higher frequencies spectral models decay as f(-1) for slow events and as f(--2) for fast earthquakes. We show that at least in Cascadia, wave propagation effects likely control spectral decay rates above similar to 2 Hz. We use seismograms from multiple small-aperture arrays to estimate the spectral decay rates of near-source spectra of 37 small 'events' and find strong correlation between source location and decay rate. The decay rates (1) vary overall by an amount in excess of that inferred to distinguish slow sources from fast earthquakes, (2) are indistinguishable for sources separated by a few tens of km or less, and (3) separate into two populations that correlate with propagation through and outside a low-velocity zone imaged tomographically. We find that some events repeat, as is characteristic of low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs), but have spectra similar to those of non-repeating earthquakes. We also find no correlation between spectral decay rates and rates of ambient tremor activity. These results suggest that earthquakes near the plate boundary, at least in Cascadia, do not distinctly separate into 'slow' and 'fast' classes, and correctly accounting for propagation effects is necessary to characterize sources. C1 [Gomberg, J.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov RI Ghosh, Abhijit/E-3197-2010; Vidale, John/H-4965-2011; OI Ghosh, Abhijit/0000-0002-0557-2839; Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X; Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia/0000-0003-1917-0205 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B05312 DI 10.1029/2011JB009055 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 949OQ UT WOS:000304585900002 ER PT J AU Rhyne, AL Tlusty, MF Schofield, PJ Kaufman, L Morris, JA Bruckner, AW AF Rhyne, Andrew L. Tlusty, Michael F. Schofield, Pamela J. Kaufman, Les Morris, James A., Jr. Bruckner, Andrew W. TI Revealing the Appetite of the Marine Aquarium Fish Trade: The Volume and Biodiversity of Fish Imported into the United States SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CARDINALFISH PTERAPOGON-KAUDERNI; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; WILDLIFE TRADE; REEF FISHES; INVASIONS; RISKS AB The aquarium trade and other wildlife consumers are at a crossroads forced by threats from global climate change and other anthropogenic stressors that have weakened coastal ecosystems. While the wildlife trade may put additional stress on coral reefs, it brings income into impoverished parts of the world and may stimulate interest in marine conservation. To better understand the influence of the trade, we must first be able to quantify coral reef fauna moving through it. Herein, we discuss the lack of a data system for monitoring the wildlife aquarium trade and analyze problems that arise when trying to monitor the trade using a system not specifically designed for this purpose. To do this, we examined an entire year of import records of marine tropical fish entering the United States in detail, and discuss the relationship between trade volume, biodiversity and introduction of non-native marine fishes. Our analyses showed that biodiversity levels are higher than previous estimates. Additionally, more than half of government importation forms have numerical or other reporting discrepancies resulting in the overestimation of trade volumes by 27%. While some commonly imported species have been introduced into the coastal waters of the USA (as expected), we also found that some uncommon species in the trade have also been introduced. This is the first study of aquarium trade imports to compare commercial invoices to government forms and provides a means to, routinely and in real time, examine the biodiversity of the trade in coral reef wildlife species. C1 [Rhyne, Andrew L.; Tlusty, Michael F.; Kaufman, Les] New England Aquarium, Res Dept, Boston, MA USA. [Rhyne, Andrew L.] Roger Williams Univ, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] United States Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Kaufman, Les] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston Univ Marine Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kaufman, Les] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Morris, James A., Jr.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC USA. [Bruckner, Andrew W.] Khaled Bin Sultan Living Oceans Fdn, Landover, MD USA. RP Rhyne, AL (reprint author), New England Aquarium, Res Dept, Boston, MA USA. EM arhyne@rwu.edu OI Rhyne, Andrew/0000-0001-7252-3431 FU Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) as part of the International Marine Conservation Congress workshop "International Trade in Coral Reef Species"; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program [NA09NMF4000385]; EDF; NOAA FX Seed funds to initiate this work were from the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) as part of the 2009 International Marine Conservation Congress workshop "International Trade in Coral Reef Species." A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program NA09NMF4000385 to Rhyne provided funding for the project. Two authors of this work are employees of the United States Government, but neither they nor their respective offices had a role in the funding of the research beyond provision of salary. The funder EDF had no role in the study's design, data acquisition, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The funder NOAA Office of Habitat Conservation provided the data used in the study but had no role in the analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 96 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 21 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e35808 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0035808 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959VD UT WOS:000305343100003 PM 22629303 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Lopez-Venegas, AM AF ten Brink, Uri S. Lopez-Venegas, Alberto M. TI Plate interaction in the NE Caribbean subduction zone from continuous GPS observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PUERTO-RICO; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; GEODETIC OBSERVATIONS; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; LESSER-ANTILLES; EXTENSION; EARTHQUAKES; TRENCH; FAULT AB Kinematic similarities between the Sumatra and Puerto Rico Trenches highlight the potential for a mega-earthquake along the Puerto Rico Trench and the generation of local and trans-Atlantic tsunamis. We used the horizontal components of continuous GPS (cGPS) measurements from 10 sites on NE Caribbean islands to evaluate strain accumulation along the North American (NA) - Caribbean (CA) plate boundary. These sites move westward and slightly northward relative to CA interior at rates <= 2.5 mm/y. Provided this motion originates in the subduction interface, the northward motion suggests little or no trench-perpendicular thrust accumulation and may in fact indicate divergence north of Puerto Rico, where abnormal subsidence, bathymetry, and gravity are observed. The Puerto Rico Trench, thus, appears unable to generate mega-earthquakes, but damaging smaller earthquakes cannot be discounted. The westward motion, characterized by decreasing rate with distance from the trench, is probably due to eastward motion of CA plate impeded at the plate boundary by the Bahamas platform. Two additional cGPS sites in Mona Passage and SW Puerto Rico move to the SW similar to Hispaniola and unlike the other 10 sites. That motion relative to the rest of Puerto Rico may have given rise to seismicity and normal faults in Mona Rift, Mona Passage, and SW Puerto Rico. Citation: ten Brink, U. S., and A. M. Lopez-Venegas (2012), Plate interaction in the NE Caribbean subduction zone from continuous GPS observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10304, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051485. C1 [ten Brink, Uri S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lopez-Venegas, Alberto M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Geol, Mayaguez, PR 00708 USA. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 19 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L10304 DI 10.1029/2012GL051485 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 945GZ UT WOS:000304262400003 ER PT J AU Conlisk, E Lawson, D Syphard, AD Franklin, J Flint, L Flint, A Regan, HM AF Conlisk, Erin Lawson, Dawn Syphard, Alexandra D. Franklin, Janet Flint, Lorraine Flint, Alan Regan, Helen M. TI The Roles of Dispersal, Fecundity, and Predation in the Population Persistence of an Oak (Quercus engelmannii) under Global Change SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ALTERED FIRE REGIME; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; ACORN PRODUCTION; CAPE PROTEACEAE; UNITED-STATES; RANGE SHIFTS; CALIFORNIA; FRAGMENTATION AB A species' response to climate change depends on the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors that define future habitat suitability and species' ability to migrate or adapt. The interactive effects of processes such as fire, dispersal, and predation have not been thoroughly addressed in the climate change literature. Our objective was to examine how life history traits, short-term global change perturbations, and long-term climate change interact to affect the likely persistence of an oak species - Quercus engelmannii (Engelmann oak). Specifically, we combined dynamic species distribution models, which predict suitable habitat, with stochastic, stage-based metapopulation models, which project population trajectories, to evaluate the effects of three global change factors - climate change, land use change, and altered fire frequency emphasizing the roles of dispersal and seed predation. Our model predicted dramatic reduction in Q. engelmannii abundance, especially under drier climates and increased fire frequency. When masting lowers seed predation rates, decreased masting frequency leads to large abundance decreases. Current rates of dispersal are not likely to prevent these effects, although increased dispersal could mitigate population declines. The results suggest that habitat suitability predictions by themselves may under-estimate the impact of climate change for other species and locations. C1 [Conlisk, Erin; Regan, Helen M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Lawson, Dawn] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, Environm Sci & Appl Syst Branch, San Diego, CA USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA USA. [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ USA. [Flint, Lorraine; Flint, Alan] USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Conlisk, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM erin.conlisk@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation 488 [NSF-DEB-0824708]; United States Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER64159] FX Funding provided by National Science Foundation 488 (NSF-DEB-0824708) and the United States Department of Energy (DE-FC02-06ER64159) grants funded this project. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 60 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 18 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e36391 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036391 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959VG UT WOS:000305343500015 PM 22623955 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Rayburn, JA Guilbault, JP Thunell, R Franzi, DA AF Cronin, T. M. Rayburn, J. A. Guilbault, J. -P. Thunell, R. Franzi, D. A. TI Stable isotope evidence for glacial lake drainage through the St. Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada, similar to 13.1-12.9 ka SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; MODERN BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; FRESH-WATER INPUT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; YOUNGER DRYAS; CHAMPLAIN SEA; LAST DEGLACIATION; LATE PLEISTOCENE; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB Postglacial varved and rhythmically-laminated clays deposited during the transition from glacial Lake Vermont (LV) to the Champlain Sea (CS) record hydrological changes in the Champlain-St. Lawrence Valley (CSLV) at the onset of the Younger Dryas similar to 13.1-12.9 ka linked to glacial lake drainage events. Oxygen isotope (delta O-18) records of three species of benthic foraminifera (Cassidulina reniforme, Haynesina orbiculare, Islandiella helenae) from six sediment cores and the freshwater ostracode Candona from one core were studied. Results show six large isotope excursions (similar to 0.5 to >2 parts per thousand) in C. reniforme delta O-18 values, five excursions in H. orbiculare (<0.5 to similar to 1.8 parts per thousand,), and five smaller changes in I. helenae (<0.5 parts per thousand). delta O-18 values in Candona show a 1.5-2 parts per thousand increase in the same interval. These isotopic excursions in co-occurring marine and freshwater species in varve-like sediments indicate complex hydrological changes in the earliest Champlain Sea, including brief (sub-annual) periods of complete freshening. One hypothesis to explain these results is that multiple abrupt freshwater influx events caused surface-to-bottom freshening of the Champlain Sea over days to weeks. The most likely source of freshwater would have been drainage of the Morehead Phase of glacial Lake Agassiz, perhaps in a series of floods, ultimately draining out the St. Lawrence Estuary. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Cronin, T. M.] 926A US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rayburn, J. A.] SUNY Coll New Platz, Dept Geol Sci, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Guilbault, J. -P.] Musee Paleontol & Evolut, Montreal, PQ H3K 2J1, Canada. [Thunell, R.] Sch Earth Ocean & Environm S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Franzi, D. A.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Ctr Earth & Environm Sci, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), 926A US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov OI Rayburn, John/0000-0002-1721-5345 FU USGS FX We appreciate the help of J. Dyszynski, M. Berke, M. MacNamara and R. Glazer with sample processing, J. Farmer with graphics, G. Cobbs with drilling, and C. Bernhardt, D. Willard and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Funded by USGS Global Change Program. NR 104 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAY 18 PY 2012 VL 260 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.08.041 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 951LU UT WOS:000304722900006 ER PT J AU Love, JJ AF Love, Jeffrey J. TI Credible occurrence probabilities for extreme geophysical events: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magnetic storms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TAMBORA AB Statistical analysis is made of rare, extreme geophysical events recorded in historical data - counting the number of events k with sizes that exceed chosen thresholds during specific durations of time tau. Under transformations that stabilize data and model-parameter variances, the most likely Poisson-event occurrence rate, k/tau, applies for frequentist inference and, also, for Bayesian inference with a Jeffreys prior that ensures posterior invariance under changes of variables. Frequentist confidence intervals and Bayesian (Jeffreys) credibility intervals are approximately the same and easy to calculate: (1/tau) [(root k - z/2)(2), (root k + z/2)(2)], where z is a parameter that specifies the width, z = 1 (z = 2) corresponding to 1 sigma, 68.3% (2 sigma, 95.4%). If only a few events have been observed, as is usually the case for extreme events, then these "error-bar" intervals might be considered to be relatively wide. From historical records, we estimate most likely long-term occurrence rates, 10-yr occurrence probabilities, and intervals of frequentist confidence and Bayesian credibility for large earthquakes, explosive volcanic eruptions, and magnetic storms. Citation: Love, J. J. (2012), Credible occurrence probabilities for extreme geophysical events: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magnetic storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10301, doi:10.1029/2012GL051431. C1 US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046,MS 966 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 FU USGS FX We thank R. D. Cousins, G. Hayes, and H. B. Prosper for useful conversations. We thank C. A. Finn, A. J. Michael, D. M. Perkins, N. G. Plant, and E. J. Rigler for reviewing a draft manuscript. This work was supported by the USGS Geomagnetism Program. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L10301 DI 10.1029/2012GL051431 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 945GW UT WOS:000304262100001 ER PT J AU Olivetti, V Cyr, AJ Molin, P Faccenna, C Granger, DE AF Olivetti, Valerio Cyr, Andrew J. Molin, Paola Faccenna, Claudio Granger, Darryl E. TI Uplift history of the Sila Massif, southern Italy, deciphered from cosmogenic Be-10 erosion rates and river longitudinal profile analysis SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID TYRRHENIAN SUBDUCTION ZONE; CALABRIAN ARC; MARINE TERRACES; ROCK-UPLIFT; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; LANDSCAPE RESPONSE; NORTHERN CALABRIA; ACTIVE TECTONICS; SLAB DETACHMENT; REGIONAL UPLIFT AB The Sila Massif in the Calabrian Arc (southern Italy) is a key site to study the response of a landscape to rock uplift. Here an uplift rate of similar to 1 mm/yr has imparted a deep imprint on the Sila landscape recorded by a high-standing low-relief surface on top of the massif, deeply incised fluvial valleys along its flanks, and flights of marine terraces in the coastal belt. In this framework, we combined river longitudinal profile analysis with hillslope erosion rates calculated by Be-10 content in modern fluvial sediments to reconstruct the long-term uplift history of the massif. Cosmogenic data show a large variation in erosion rates, marking two main domains. The samples collected in the high-standing low-relief surface atop Sila provide low erosion rates (from 0.09 +/- 0.01 to 0.13 +/- 0.01 mm/yr). Conversely, high values of erosion rate (up to 0.92 +/- 0.08 mm/yr) characterize the incised fluvial valleys on the massif flanks. The analyzed river profiles exhibit a wide range of shapes diverging from the commonly accepted equilibrium concave-up form. Generally, the studied river profiles show two or, more frequently, three concave-up segments bounded by knickpoints and characterized by different values of concavity and steepness indices. The wide variation in cosmogenic erosion rates and the non-equilibrated river profiles indicate that the Sila landscape is in a transient state of disequilibrium in response to a strong and unsteady uplift not yet counterbalanced by erosion. C1 [Olivetti, Valerio; Molin, Paola; Faccenna, Claudio] Univ Roma TRE, Dipartimento Sci Geol, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Cyr, Andrew J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Granger, Darryl E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Olivetti, V (reprint author), Univ Roma TRE, Dipartimento Sci Geol, Largo S Leonardo Murialdo 1, I-00146 Rome, Italy. EM volivetti@uniroma3.it FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0208169]; PRIME Lab at Purdue University; U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The authors would like to thank F. Pazzaglia for useful discussion and two anonymous reviewers for improvements to the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's Continental Dynamics Program grant EAR-0208169, PRIME Lab at Purdue University, and the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship program (to A.J. Cyr). NR 144 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD MAY 17 PY 2012 VL 31 AR TC3007 DI 10.1029/2011TC003037 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 945HD UT WOS:000304262800002 ER PT J AU Arismendi, I Johnson, SL Dunham, JB Haggerty, R Hockman-Wert, D AF Arismendi, Ivan Johnson, Sherri L. Dunham, Jason B. Haggerty, Roy Hockman-Wert, David TI The paradox of cooling streams in a warming world: Regional climate trends do not parallel variable local trends in stream temperature in the Pacific continental United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIVER TEMPERATURE; WESTERN; SNOWPACK; WILDFIRE; TESTS AB Temperature is a fundamentally important driver of ecosystem processes in streams. Recent warming of terrestrial climates around the globe has motivated concern about consequent increases in stream temperature. More specifically, observed trends of increasing air temperature and declining stream flow are widely believed to result in corresponding increases in stream temperature. Here, we examined the evidence for this using long-term stream temperature data from minimally and highly human-impacted sites located across the Pacific continental United States. Based on hypothesized climate impacts, we predicted that we should find warming trends in the maximum, mean and minimum temperatures, as well as increasing variability over time. These predictions were not fully realized. Warming trends were most prevalent in a small subset of locations with longer time series beginning in the 1950s. More recent series of observations (1987-2009) exhibited fewer warming trends and more cooling trends in both minimally and highly human-influenced systems. Trends in variability were much less evident, regardless of the length of time series. Based on these findings, we conclude that our perspective of climate impacts on stream temperatures is clouded considerably by a lack of long-term data on minimally impacted streams, and biased spatio-temporal representation of existing time series. Overall our results highlight the need to develop more mechanistic, process-based understanding of linkages between climate change, other human impacts and stream temperature, and to deploy sensor networks that will provide better information on trends in stream temperatures in the future. Citation: Arismendi, I., S. L. Johnson, J. B. Dunham, R. Haggerty, and D. Hockman-Wert (2012), The paradox of cooling streams in a warming world: Regional climate trends do not parallel variable local trends in stream temperature in the Pacific continental United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10401, doi:10.1029/2012GL051448. C1 [Arismendi, Ivan; Haggerty, Roy] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.; Hockman-Wert, David] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Arismendi, I (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ivan.arismendi@oregonstate.edu RI Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Arismendi, Ivan/B-3144-2010 OI Arismendi, Ivan/0000-0002-8774-9350 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 08-23380]; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Oregon State University [10-JV-11261991-055]; US Geological Survey FX We thank the agencies and programs, specifically the USGS, USFS and LTER, for their foresight in beginning to collect and archive these data decades ago and continuing these measurements. Steve Wondzell, Dan Isaak, Fred Swanson, Brooke Penaluna and five anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. Mohammad Safeeq provided the scripts to obtain the data for the trend analysis of air temperature. Part of the data was provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 08-23380), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. Financial support for IA was provided by US Geological Survey, the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and Oregon State University through joint venture agreement 10-JV-11261991-055. Use of firm or trade names is for reader information only and does not imply endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L10401 DI 10.1029/2012GL051448 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 945GQ UT WOS:000304261500002 ER PT J AU Draut, AE AF Draut, Amy E. TI Effects of river regulation on aeolian landscapes, Colorado River, southwestern USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID GLEN-CANYON DAM; BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; WIND-ERODED SEDIMENT; NEBRASKA SAND HILLS; ARAL SEA BASIN; GRAND-CANYON; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; MOJAVE DESERT; KELSO DUNES; DRYLAND ENVIRONMENTS AB Connectivity between fluvial and aeolian sedimentary systems plays an important role in the physical and biological environment of dryland regions. This study examines the coupling between fluvial sand deposits and aeolian dune fields in bedrock canyons of the arid to semiarid Colorado River corridor, southwestern USA. By quantifying significant differences between aeolian landscapes with and without modern fluvial sediment sources, this work demonstrates for the first time that the flow-and sediment-limiting effects of dam operations affect sedimentary processes and ecosystems in aeolian landscapes above the fluvial high water line. Dune fields decoupled from fluvial sand supply have more ground cover (biologic crust and vegetation) and less aeolian sand transport than do dune fields that remain coupled to modern fluvial sand supply. The proportion of active aeolian sand area also is substantially lower in a heavily regulated river reach (Marble-Grand Canyon, Arizona) than in a much less regulated reach with otherwise similar environmental conditions (Cataract Canyon, Utah). The interconnections shown here among river flow and sediment, aeolian sand transport, and biologic communities in aeolian dunes demonstrate a newly recognized means by which anthropogenic influence alters dryland environments. Because fluvial-aeolian coupling is common globally, it is likely that similar sediment-transport connectivity and interaction with upland ecosystems are important in other dryland regions to a greater degree than has been recognized previously. C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Draut, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM adraut@usgs.gov OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 NR 167 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAY 16 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F02022 DI 10.1029/2011JF002329 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 945HN UT WOS:000304263800002 ER PT J AU Underwood, SJ Feeley, TC Clynne, MA AF Underwood, S. J. Feeley, T. C. Clynne, M. A. TI Hydrogen isotope investigation of amphibole and biotite phenocrysts in silicic magmas erupted at Lassen Volcanic Center, California SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lassen Volcanic Center; Biotite and amphibole phenocrysts; Hydrogen isotopes; Dehydrogenation; Magma remobilization ID SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; FERRIC-FERROUS RATIOS; FE-TI OXIDES; OXYGEN FUGACITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-CONTENT; H2O CONTENTS; CHAOS-CRAGS; LOWER CRUST AB Hydrogen isotope ratio, water content and Fe3+/Fe2+ in coexisting amphibole and biotite phenocrysts in volcanic rocks can provide insight into shallow pre- and syn-eruptive magmatic processes such as vesiculation, and lava drainback with mixing into less devolatilized magma that erupts later in a volcanic sequence. We studied four similar to 35 ka and younger eruption sequences (i.e. Kings Creek, Lassen Peak. Chaos Crags. and 1915) at the Lassen Volcanic Center (LVC), California, where intrusion of crystal-rich silicic magma mushes by mafic magmas is inferred from the varying abundances of mafic magmatic inclusions (MMIs) in the silicic volcanic rocks. Types and relative proportions of reacted and unreacted hydrous phenocryst populations are evaluated with accompanying chemical and H isotope changes. Biotite phenocrysts were more susceptible to rehydration in older vesicular glassy volcanic rocks than coexisting amphibole phenocrysts. Biotite and magnesiohornblende phenocrysts toward the core of the Lassen Peak dome are extensively dehydroxylated and reacted from prolonged exposure to high temperature, low pressure, and higher f(O2) conditions from post-emplacement cooling. In silicic volcanic rocks not affected by alteration, biotite phenocrysts are often relatively more dehydroxylated than are magnesiohornblende phenocrysts of similar size; this is likely due to the ca 10 times larger overall bulk H diffusion coefficient in biotite. A simplified model of dehydrogenation in hydrous phenocrysts above reaction closure temperature suggests that eruption and quench of magma ascended to the surface in a few hours is too short a time for substantial H loss from amphibole. In contrast, slowly ascended magma can have extremely dehydrogenated and possibly dehydrated biotite, relatively less dehydrogenated magnesiohornblende and reaction rims on both phases. Eruptive products containing the highest proportions of mottled dehydrogenated crystals could indicate that within a few days prior to eruption, degassed vesiculated magma or lava had drained back down the volcanic conduit and mixed with less devolatilized magma. The vesiculated magma contained hydrous phenocrysts with lattice damage, which locally raised the effective H diffusion coefficient by ca 10-100x and resulted in increased mineral dehydrogenation. Remobilization of dacite magma mush by relatively more reduced mafic magma appears to have generated further f(O2) variations in May 1915 as oxidized magma from shallow levels circulated to depths where dehydrogenation of hydrous phenocrysts began. The delta D-Magmatic H2O expressed in LVC acid hot springs is likely a mixture derived from devolatilized ascending mafic magmas and crystallizing silicic magma mush. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Underwood, S. J.; Feeley, T. C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Clynne, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Underwood, SJ (reprint author), 50 Red Cloud Pl, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM SandyUnderwood903@hotmail.com; tfeeley@montana.edu; mclynne@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR 9983769] FX We thank J. Husler and E. Ferriss at SNL for wet chemical analyses, V. Atudorei for assistance in the Stable Isotope Laboratory of the Earth and Planetary Sciences Department at the University of New Mexico, S. Cornelius at WSU and S. Skora at UNIL for electron microprobe assistance and support and L Lepage for technical conversations. This manuscript was much improved with thoughtful reviews from I. Miyagi, C. Mandeville, M. Rutherford, K. Putirka, and M. Coombs. The National Science Foundation (EAR 9983769) provided funding for this work to Feeley. NR 96 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 227 BP 32 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.02.019 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 956TA UT WOS:000305110800003 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, AM Chang, NB Wanielista, MP AF O'Reilly, Andrew M. Chang, Ni-Bin Wanielista, Martin P. TI Cyclic biogeochemical processes and nitrogen fate beneath a subtropical stormwater infiltration basin SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biogeochemical processes; Denitrification; Nitrogen cycle; Stormwater infiltration; Cyclic variability ID LARGE KARSTIC SPRINGS; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; SOIL; AQUIFER; OXYGEN AB A stormwater infiltration basin in north-central Florida, USA, was monitored from 2007 through 2008 to identify subsurface biogeochemical processes, with emphasis on N cycling, under the highly variable hydrologic conditions common in humid, subtropical climates. Cyclic variations in biogeochemical processes generally coincided with wet and dry hydrologic conditions. Oxidizing conditions in the subsurface persisted for about one month or less at the beginning of wet periods with dissolved O-2 and NO3- showing similar temporal patterns. Reducing conditions in the subsurface evolved during prolonged flooding of the basin. At about the same time O-2 and NO3- reduction concluded, Mn, Fe and SO42- reduction began, with the onset of methanogenesis one month later. Reducing conditions persisted up to six months, continuing into subsequent dry periods until the next major oxidizing infiltration event. Evidence of denitrification in shallow groundwater at the site is supported by median NO3--N less than 0.016 mg L-1, excess N-2 up to 3 mg L-1 progressively enriched in delta N-15 during prolonged basin flooding, and isotopically heavy delta N-15 and delta O-18 of NO3- (up to 25 parts per thousand and 15 parts per thousand, respectively). Isotopic enrichment of newly infiltrated stormwater suggests denitrification was partially completed within two days. Soil and water chemistry data suggest that a biogeochemically active zone exists in the upper 1.4 m of soil, where organic carbon was the likely electron donor supplied by organic matter in soil solids or dissolved in infiltrating stormwater. The cyclic nature of reducing conditions effectively controlled the N cycle, switching N fate beneath the basin from NO3- leaching to reduction in the shallow saturated zone. Results can inform design of functionalized soil amendments that could replace the native soil in a stormwater infiltration basin and mitigate potential NO3- leaching to groundwater by replicating the biogeochemical conditions under the observed basin. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Ni-Bin] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Wanielista, Martin P.] Univ Cent Florida, Water Res Ctr & Stormwater Management Acad, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [O'Reilly, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Center, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Chang, NB (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd,Bldg 91,Suite 442, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM aoreilly@usgs.gov; Ni-bin.Chang@ucf.edu; Martin.Wanielista@ucf.edu FU Marion County (Florida) Board of County Commissioners; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; Withlacoochee River Basin Board of the Southwest Florida Water Management District; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the Marion County (Florida) Board of County Commissioners, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the Withlacoochee River Basin Board of the Southwest Florida Water Management District, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Monitoring well construction was provided by the St. Johns River Water Management District. The cooperation and experience of E.S. Williams, G. Mowry, T. Straub, C. Zajac, E. Livingston, D. Munch and R. Brooks were essential to the success of this project and are greatly appreciated. The authors thank W.G. Harris, X. Cao, J. Manohardeep, K. Awuma and G. Kasozi for soil chemical analyses; P.K. Widman for dissolved gas analyses; T.B. Coplen for stable isotope analyses of NO3- and water; J.K. Bohlke for stable isotope analyses of N2 and valuable advice regarding interpretation of dissolved gas and isotope results; C.T. Green for providing the methodology for excess N2 computations; B.G. Katz for valuable advice throughout the project on water sample collection, analysis and interpretation; and Z. Xuan for assistance with field data collection. Insightful reviews by B.G. Katz and C.T. Green resulted in substantial improvements to the technical content and organization of the manuscript and are gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments significantly improved the manuscript. NR 106 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 133 BP 53 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.03.005 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 950FH UT WOS:000304634500005 PM 22504424 ER PT J AU Pearson, SCP Kiyosugi, K Lehto, HL Saballos, JA Connor, CB Sanford, WE AF Pearson, S. C. P. Kiyosugi, K. Lehto, H. L. Saballos, J. A. Connor, C. B. Sanford, W. E. TI Integrated geophysical and hydrothermal models of flank degassing and fluid flow at Masaya volcano, Nicaragua SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE CO2 flux; TOUGH2 modeling; magnetics; self-potential ID LA-FOURNAISE VOLCANO; SOIL CO2 FLUX; CALDERA COMPLEX; FAULT ZONE; PLINIAN ERUPTION; AEOLIAN ISLANDS; GAS PLUME; MT. ETNA; PERMEABILITY; CIRCULATION AB We investigate geologic controls on circulation in the shallow hydrothermal system of Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, and their relationship to surface diffuse degassing. On a local scale (similar to 250 m), relatively impermeable normal faults dipping at similar to 60 degrees control the flowpath of water vapor and other gases in the vadose zone. These shallow normal faults are identified by modeling of a NE-SW trending magnetic anomaly of up to 2300 nT that corresponds to a topographic offset. Elevated SP and CO2 to the NW of the faults and an absence of CO2 to the SE suggest that these faults are barriers to flow. TOUGH2 numerical models of fluid circulation show enhanced flow through the footwalls of the faults, and corresponding increased mass flow and temperature at the surface (diffuse degassing zones). On a larger scale, TOUGH2 modeling suggests that groundwater convection may be occurring in a 3-4 km radial fracture zone transecting the entire flank of the volcano. Hot water rising uniformly into the base of the model at 1 x 10(-5) kg/m(2)s results in convection that focuses heat and fluid and can explain the three distinct diffuse degassing zones distributed along the fracture. Our data and models suggest that the unusually active surface degassing zones at Masaya volcano can result purely from uniform heat and fluid flux at depth that is complicated by groundwater convection and permeability variations in the upper few km. Therefore isolating the effects of subsurface geology is vital when trying to interpret diffuse degassing in light of volcanic activity. C1 [Pearson, S. C. P.] GNS Sci, Wairakei Res Ctr, Taupo 3384, New Zealand. [Kiyosugi, K.; Lehto, H. L.; Saballos, J. A.; Connor, C. B.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Sanford, W. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Pearson, SCP (reprint author), GNS Sci, Wairakei Res Ctr, 114 Karetoto Rd,RD4, Taupo 3384, New Zealand. EM s.pearson@gns.cri.nz RI Pearson, Sophie/I-6808-2013 FU USGS FX We would like to thank staff at Instituto Nicaraguense de Estudios Territoriales. Field assistance from S. Kruse, P. Wetmore, L. Connor and students in the University of South Florida Volcanology field class is gratefully acknowledged, as is help from students at the Centro de Investigaciones Geocientificas at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua. This manuscript was improved by reviews from Steven Ingebritsen, William Evans, Stephanie Barde-Cabusson, Micol Todesco and Glyn Williams-Jones. The work was partially funded through the USGS water resources program. NR 82 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q05011 DI 10.1029/2012GC004117 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 945FR UT WOS:000304258800001 ER PT J AU Balistrieri, LS Nimick, DA Mebane, CA AF Balistrieri, Laurie S. Nimick, David A. Mebane, Christopher A. TI Assessing time-integrated dissolved concentrations and predicting toxicity of metals during diel cycling in streams SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films; DGT; Biotic ligand model; BLM; Metal speciation; Metal toxicity ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; SITU SPECIATION MEASUREMENTS; CONCENTRATION-RESPONSE CURVES; ACUTE COPPER TOXICITY; ABANDONED MINE LANDS; HIGH ORE CREEK; THIN-FILMS; DIFFUSIVE GRADIENTS; FRESH-WATERS; TRACE-METALS AB Evaluating water quality and the health of aquatic organisms is challenging in systems with systematic diel (24 h) or less predictable runoff-induced changes in water composition. To advance our understanding of how to evaluate environmental health in these dynamic systems, field studies of diel cycling were conducted in two streams (Silver Bow Creek and High Ore Creek) affected by historical mining activities in southwestern Montana. A combination of sampling and modeling tools was used to assess the toxicity of metals in these systems. Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) samplers were deployed at multiple time intervals during diel sampling to confirm that DGT integrates time-varying concentrations of dissolved metals. Site specific water compositions, including time-integrated dissolved metal concentrations determined from DGT, a competitive, multiple-toxicant biotic ligand model, and the Windemere Humic Aqueous Model Version 6.0 (WHAM VI) were used to determine the equilibrium speciation of dissolved metals and biotic ligands. The model results were combined with previously collected toxicity data on cutthroat trout to derive a relationship that predicts the relative survivability of these fish at a given site. This integrative approach may prove useful for assessing water quality and toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms in dynamic systems and evaluating whether potential changes in environmental health of aquatic systems are due to anthropogenic activities or natural variability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Balistrieri, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nimick, David A.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Balistrieri, LS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Box 355351, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM balistri@usgs.gov; dnimick@usgs.gov; cmebane@usgs.gov RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009; OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267; Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program; Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX Funding for this work came from the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program and Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Dr. Christopher H. Gammons of Montana Tech helped with field sampling. The chemical analyses were performed by Monique Adams and Michael Anthony of the U.S. Geological Survey Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center Laboratories and Aaron Morello of the School of Oceanography, University of Washington. Drs. Katie Walton-Day and John Besser, U.S. Geological Survey, and three anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript Use of firm, trade, or brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 425 BP 155 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.008 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944OR UT WOS:000304214200018 PM 22481055 ER PT J AU Day, RD Roseneau, DG Berail, S Hobson, KA Donard, OFX Vander Pol, SS Pugh, RS Moors, AJ Long, SE Beckert, PR AF Day, Rusty D. Roseneau, David G. Berail, Sylvain Hobson, Keith A. Donard, Olivier F. X. Vander Pol, Stacy S. Pugh, Rebecca S. Moors, Amanda J. Long, Stephen E. Beckert, Paul R. TI Mercury Stable Isotopes in Seabird Eggs Reflect a Gradient from Terrestrial Geogenic to Oceanic Mercury Reservoirs SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-CARBON INPUTS; SEA-ICE; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; NORTON SOUND; YUKON RIVER; BERING-SEA; HG; METHYLMERCURY; FRACTIONATION AB Elevated mercury concentrations ([Hg]) were found in Alaskan murre (Uria spp.) eggs from the coastal embayment of Norton Sound relative to insular colonies in the northern Bering Sea-Bering Strait region. Stable isotopes of Hg, carbon, and nitrogen were measured in the eggs to investigate the source of this enrichment. Lower (delta C-13 values in Norton Sound eggs (-23.3 parts per thousand to -20.0 parts per thousand) relative to eggs from more oceanic colonies (-20.9 parts per thousand to 18.7 parts per thousand) indicated that a significant terrestrial carbon source was associated with the elevated [Hg] in Norton Sound, implicating the Yukon River and smaller Seward Peninsula watersheds as the likely Hg source. The increasing [Hg] gradient extending inshore was accompanied by strong decreasing gradients of delta Hg-202 and.Delta Hg-199 in eggs, indicating lower degrees of mass-dependent (MDF) and mass-independent Hg fractionation (MIF) (respectively) in the Norton Sound food web. Negative or zero MDF and MIF signatures are typical of geological Hg sources, which suggests murres in Norton Sound integrated Hg from a more recent geological origin that has experienced a relatively limited extent of aquatic fractionation relative to more oceanic colonies. The association of low delta Hg-202 and Delta Hg-199 with elevated [Hg] and suggested that Hg stable isotopes in murre eggs effectively differentiated terrestrial/geogenic Hg sources from oceanic reservoirs. terrestrial delta C-13 values C1 [Day, Rusty D.; Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Pugh, Rebecca S.; Moors, Amanda J.; Beckert, Paul R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Roseneau, David G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Day, Rusty D.; Berail, Sylvain; Donard, Olivier F. X.] Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Rech Environm & Mat, Equipe Chim Analyt BioInorgan & Environm, CNRS UMR 5254, F-64053 Pau, France. [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Day, RD (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM russell.day@nist.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [0822-322]; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge FX We thank Eric (Bill) Trigg, Special Projects Assistant, Kawerak Inc., Nome, for coordinating the Norton Sound - Bering Strait egg collecting efforts, and receiving, storing, and shipping the eggs to Homer. We also thank the following people for collecting the murre and gull eggs during the 2008-2009 nesting seasons: Archie Adam (Brevig Mission), Arthur Ahkinga (Diomede), Austin Ahmasuk (Nome), Jack Fager-strom (Golovin), Andrew Foxie Sr. (Stebbins), Dylan Iya (Savoonga), Clyde Jackson (Shaktoolik), Dwayne Johnson Sr. (Unalakleet), Elijah Lane (Point Hope), Eric Larsen (Nome), Nick Lekanof (St. George), Peter Lekanof (St. George), Gary Merculief (St. George), Leslie Slater (AMNWR Homer), Stanley Tocktoo (Shishmaref), Greg Thomson (AMNWR Homer), and Lily Tuzroyluke (Point Hope). This study was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Publication No. 0822-322) and the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge provided additional support for the work. Disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment or instruments are identified in this paper to adequately specify the experimental procedures. Such identification does not imply recommendations or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the equipment or instruments are the best available for the purpose. Thank you to John Warzybok for the photograph of the murre with egg. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 10 BP 5327 EP 5335 DI 10.1021/es2047156 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941LM UT WOS:000303964700013 PM 22519440 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Chalmers, AT Gray, JL Kolpin, DW Foreman, WT Wall, GR AF Phillips, P. J. Chalmers, A. T. Gray, J. L. Kolpin, D. W. Foreman, W. T. Wall, G. R. TI Combined Sewer Overflows: An Environmental Source of Hormones and Wastewater Micropollutants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; SURFACE WATERS; ANTHROPOGENIC MARKER; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; PRIORITY POLLUTANTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; STEROID-HORMONES; PHARMACEUTICALS AB Data were collected at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Burlington, Vermont, USA, (serving 30,000 people) to assess the relative contribution of CSO (combined sewer overflow) bypass flows and treated wastewater effluent to the load of steroid hormones and other wastewater micropollutants (WMPs) from a WWTP to a lake. Flow-weighted composite samples were collected over a 13 month period at this WWTP from CSO bypass flows or plant influent flows (n = 28) and treated effluent discharges (n = 22). Although CSO discharges represent 10% of the total annual water discharge (CSO plus treated plant effluent discharges) from the WWTP, CSO discharges contribute 40-90% of the annual load for hormones and WMPs with high (>90%) wastewater treatment removal efficiency. By contrast, compounds with low removal efficiencies (<90%) have less than 10% of annual load contributed by CSO discharges. Concentrations of estrogens, androgens, and WMPs generally are 10 times higher in CSO discharges compared to treated wastewater discharges. Compound concentrations in samples of CSO discharges generally decrease with increasing flow because of wastewater dilution by rainfall runoff By contrast, concentrations of hormones and many WMPs in samples from treated discharges can increase with increasing flow due to decreasing removal efficiency. C1 [Phillips, P. J.; Wall, G. R.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Chalmers, A. T.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. [Gray, J. L.; Foreman, W. T.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, D. W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pjphilli@usgs.gov RI Gray, James/I-8136-2012 NR 54 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 10 U2 102 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 10 BP 5336 EP 5343 DI 10.1021/es3001294 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941LM UT WOS:000303964700014 PM 22540536 ER PT J AU Eskelson, BNI Temesgen, H Hagar, JC AF Eskelson, B. N. I. Temesgen, H. Hagar, J. C. TI A comparison of selected parametric and imputation methods for estimating snag density and snag quality attributes SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Snag density; Snag decay class; Snag size class; Nearest neighbor imputation; Ordinal regression ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR IMPUTATION; COASTAL OREGON; CAVITY TREE; FOREST; MODELS; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; OWNERSHIP; INTENSITY; ABUNDANCE AB Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that allow multivariate estimation of snag density by snag quality class. Using climate, topography, Landsat TM data, stand age and forest type collected for 2356 forested Forest Inventory and Analysis plots in western Washington and western Oregon, we evaluated two multivariate techniques for their abilities to estimate density of snags by three decay classes. The density of live trees and snags in three decay classes (D1: recently dead, little decay; D2: decay, without top, some branches and bark missing; D3: extensive decay, missing bark and most branches) with diameter at breast height (DBH) >= 12.7 cm was estimated using a nonparametric random forest nearest neighbor imputation technique (RF) and a parametric two-stage model (QPORD), for which the number of trees per hectare was estimated with a Quasipoisson model in the first stage and the probability of belonging to a tree status class (live, D1, D2, D3) was estimated with an ordinal regression model in the second stage. The presence of large snags with DBH 50 cm was predicted using a logistic regression and RF imputation. Because of the more homogenous conditions on private forest lands, snag density by decay class was predicted with higher accuracies on private forest lands than on public lands, while presence of large snags was more accurately predicted on public lands, owing to the higher prevalence of large snags on public lands. RF outperformed the QPORD model in terms of percent accurate predictions, while QPORD provided smaller root mean square errors in predicting snag density by decay class. The logistic regression model achieved more accurate presence/absence classification of large snags than the RF imputation approach. Adjusting the decision threshold to account for unequal size for presence and absence classes is more straightforward for the logistic regression than for the RF imputation approach. Overall, model accuracies were poor in this study, which can be attributed to the poor predictive quality of the explanatory variables and the large range of forest types and geographic conditions observed in the data. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Eskelson, B. N. I.; Temesgen, H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hagar, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Eskelson, BNI (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 204 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bianca.eskelson@oregonstate.edu; hailemar-iam.temesgen@oregonstate.edu; joan_hagar@usgs.gov RI Eskelson, Bianca/P-6095-2016 OI Eskelson, Bianca/0000-0002-3398-2333 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 272 SI SI BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.041 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 929UC UT WOS:000303090200004 ER PT J AU Mantilla, R Gupta, VK Troutman, BM AF Mantilla, Ricardo Gupta, Vijay K. Troutman, Brent M. TI Extending generalized Horton laws to test embedding algorithms for topologic river networks SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE River networks; Embedding algorithms; Random self-similar networks; Self similar trees; Horton laws ID OPTIMAL CHANNEL NETWORKS; STREAM NUMBERS; RAINFALL; UNIVERSALITY; FRAMEWORK; EXPONENTS; TERMS AB River networks in the landscape can be described as topologic rooted trees embedded in a three-dimensional surface. We examine the problem of embedding topologic binary rooted trees (BRTs) by investigating two space-filling embedding procedures: Top-Down, previously developed in the context of random self-similar networks (RSNs). and Bottom-Up, a new procedure developed here. We extend the concept of generalized Horton laws to interior sub catchments and create a new set of scaling laws that are used to test the embedding algorithms. We compare the two embedding strategies with respect to the scaling properties of the distribution of accumulated areas A(omega) and network magnitude M-omega for complete order streams omega. The Bottom-Up procedure preserves the equality of distributions A(omega),/E[A(omega)] =(d) M-omega,/E[M-omega]; a feature observed in real basins. The Top-Down embedded networks fail to preserve this equality because of strong correlations of tile areas in the final tessellation. We conclude that the presence or absence of this equality is a useful test to diagnose river network models that describe the topology/geometry of natural drainage systems. We present some examples of applying the embedding algorithms to self similar trees (SSTs) and to RSNs. Finally, a technique is presented to map the resulting tiled region into a three-dimensional surface that corresponds to a landscape drained by the chosen network. Our results are a significant first step toward the goal of creating realistic embedded topologic trees, which are also required for the study of peak flow scaling in river networks in the presence of spatially variable rainfall and flood-generating processes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mantilla, Ricardo] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Gupta, Vijay K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Troutman, Brent M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Mantilla, R (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ricardo-mantilla@uiowa.edu RI Mantilla, Ricardo/B-9658-2008 OI Mantilla, Ricardo/0000-0002-2957-6252 FU National Science Foundation; Iowa Flood Center at The University of Iowa FX We thank Oscar. J. Mesa for the very helpful discussion and insightful comments. We also thank Thomas Over and Roland Viger for thorough reviews that led to an improved manuscript. This research was partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to the University of Colorado, and by the Iowa Flood Center at The University of Iowa. This support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 151 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.01.002 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 920SH UT WOS:000302427200002 ER PT J AU Midekisa, A Senay, G Henebry, GM Semuniguse, P Wimberly, MC AF Midekisa, Alemayehu Senay, Gabriel Henebry, Geoffrey M. Semuniguse, Paulos Wimberly, Michael C. TI Remote sensing-based time series models for malaria early warning in the highlands of Ethiopia SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Early warning; Early detection; Remote sensing; Climate; Time series model; Forecast ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; WEATHER-BASED PREDICTION; EPIDEMIC-PRONE REGIONS; INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; VEGETATION INDEX; CLIMATE; AFRICA; KENYA; RISK; INTERVENTIONS AB Background: Malaria is one of the leading public health problems in most of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. Almost all demographic groups are at risk of malaria because of seasonal and unstable transmission of the disease. Therefore, there is a need to develop malaria early-warning systems to enhance public health decision making for control and prevention of malaria epidemics. Data from orbiting earth-observing sensors can monitor environmental risk factors that trigger malaria epidemics. Remotely sensed environmental indicators were used to examine the influences of climatic and environmental variability on temporal patterns of malaria cases in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. Methods: In this study seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models were used to quantify the relationship between malaria cases and remotely sensed environmental variables, including rainfall, land-surface temperature (LST), vegetation indices (NDVI and EVI), and actual evapotranspiration (ETa) with lags ranging from one to three months. Predictions from the best model with environmental variables were compared to the actual observations from the last 12 months of the time series. Results: Malaria cases exhibited positive associations with LST at a lag of one month and positive associations with indicators of moisture (rainfall, EVI and ETa) at lags from one to three months. SARIMA models that included these environmental covariates had better fits and more accurate predictions, as evidenced by lower AIC and RMSE values, than models without environmental covariates. Conclusions: Malaria risk indicators such as satellite-based rainfall estimates, LST, EVI, and ETa exhibited significant lagged associations with malaria cases in the Amhara region and improved model fit and prediction accuracy. These variables can be monitored frequently and extensively across large geographic areas using data from earth-observing sensors to support public health decisions. C1 [Midekisa, Alemayehu; Henebry, Geoffrey M.; Wimberly, Michael C.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Senay, Gabriel] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Semuniguse, Paulos] HDAMA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Wimberly, MC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM michael.wimberly@sdstate.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891; Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01-AI079411]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [11-Earth11F-0286] FX We thank Abere Mihretie, Hiwot Teka, and the Health, Development, and Anti-Malaria Association for their efforts in collecting the malaria case data. We thank the two anonymous reviewers who helped improve the clarity of the manuscript. We also acknowledge the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health and the Amhara National Regional State Health Bureau for their cooperation. This work was supported by Grant Number R01-AI079411 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (Grant Number 11-Earth11F-0286). The MODIS data were obtained from the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, (http://lpdaac.usgs.gov/get_data). NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAY 14 PY 2012 VL 11 AR 165 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-11-165 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 037MP UT WOS:000311110000001 PM 22583705 ER PT J AU Carr, MH AF Carr, Michael H. TI The fluvial history of Mars SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Mars; valleys; outflow channels; running water ID MARTIAN VALLEY NETWORKS; PRIMORDIAL ATMOSPHERE; NORTHERN PLAINS; PAST LIFE; EVOLUTION; WATER; CHANNELS; SURFACE; EROSION; LAKES AB River channels and valleys have been observed on several planetary bodies in addition to the Earth. Long sinuous valleys on Venus, our Moon and Jupiter's moon Io are clearly formed by lava, and branching valleys on Saturn's moon Titan may be forming today by rivers of methane. But by far the most dissected body in our Solar System apart from the Earth is Mars. Branching valleys that in plan resemble terrestrial river valleys are common throughout the most ancient landscapes preserved on the planet. Accompanying the valleys are the remains of other indicators of erosion and deposition, such as deltas, alluvial fans and lake beds. There is little reason to doubt that water was the erosive agent and that early in Mars' history, climatic conditions were very different from the present cold conditions and such that, at least episodically, water could flow across the surface. In addition to the branching valley networks, there are large flood features, termed outflow channels. These are similar to, but dwarf, the largest terrestrial flood channels. The consensus is that these channels were also cut by water although there are other possibilities. The outflow channels mostly postdate the valley networks, although most are still very ancient. They appear to have formed at a time when surface conditions were similar to those that prevail today. There is evidence that glacial activity has modified some of the water-worn valleys, particularly in the 30-50. latitude belts, and ice may also be implicated in the formation of geologically recent, seemingly water-worn gullies on steep slopes. Mars also has had a long volcanic history, and long, sinuous lava channels similar to those on the Moon and Venus are common on and around the large volcanoes. These will not, however, be discussed further; the emphasis here is on the effects of running water on the evolution of the surface. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Carr, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM carr@usgs.gov NR 72 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 73 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAY 13 PY 2012 VL 370 IS 1966 SI SI BP 2193 EP 2215 DI 10.1098/rsta.2011.0500 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 922MU UT WOS:000302552400008 PM 22474681 ER PT J AU Manga, M Beresnev, I Brodsky, EE Elkhoury, JE Elsworth, D Ingebritsen, SE Mays, DC Wang, CY AF Manga, Michael Beresnev, Igor Brodsky, Emily E. Elkhoury, Jean E. Elsworth, Derek Ingebritsen, S. E. Mays, David C. Wang, Chi-Yuen TI CHANGES IN PERMEABILITY CAUSED BY TRANSIENT STRESSES: FIELD OBSERVATIONS, EXPERIMENTS, AND MECHANISMS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CAPILLARITY-INDUCED RESONANCE; MAGNITUDE-DISTANCE RELATIONS; 1995 KOBE EARTHQUAKE; WATER-LEVEL CHANGES; POROUS-MEDIA; PRESSURE SOLUTION; CHI-CHI; INDUCED SEISMICITY; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; TRIGGERED SEISMICITY AB Oscillations in stress, such as those created by earthquakes, can increase permeability and fluid mobility in geologic media. In natural systems, strain amplitudes as small as 10(-6) can increase discharge in streams and springs, change the water level in wells, and enhance production from petroleum reservoirs. Enhanced permeability typically recovers to prestimulated values over a period of months to years. Mechanisms that can change permeability at such small stresses include unblocking pores, either by breaking up permeability-limiting colloidal deposits or by mobilizing droplets and bubbles trapped in pores by capillary forces. The recovery time over which permeability returns to the prestimulated value is governed by the time to reblock pores, or for geochemical processes to seal pores. Monitoring permeability in geothermal systems where there is abundant seismicity, and the response of flow to local and regional earthquakes, would help test some of the proposed mechanisms and identify controls on permeability and its evolution. C1 [Manga, Michael; Wang, Chi-Yuen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beresnev, Igor] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA USA. [Brodsky, Emily E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Elkhoury, Jean E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA. [Elsworth, Derek] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, Ctr Geomech Geofluids & Geohazards, EMS Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ingebritsen, S. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mays, David C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Manga, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM manga@seismo.berkeley.edu RI Manga, Michael/D-3847-2013; Brodsky, Emily/B-9139-2014; Elsworth, Derek/D-2844-2015; Mays, David/D-9366-2016; OI Elsworth, Derek/0000-0002-4942-1151; Mays, David/0000-0002-5218-1670; Brodsky, Emily/0000-0002-6855-6860; Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 FU Department of Energy (DOE); Earth Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Office of Science at DOE; Petroleum Research Fund; National Science Foundation FX This review grew out of a Department of Energy (DOE)-sponsored workshop on dynamically determined and controlled permeability, and DOE support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors' work is supported by an internal program development grant in the Earth Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (D. C. M.), the Office of Science at DOE (D. C. M.), the Petroleum Research Fund (I. B.), and the National Science Foundation (M. M., I. B., E. B.). We thank J.R. Hunt, Z. Geballe, C. Neuzil, P. Roberts, P. Hsieh, T. Holzer, and two reviewers for discussions, reviews, and comments though none of these individuals necessarily agrees with any of the conclusions. All authors contributed equally; authors listed in alphabetical order except the first author who assembled contributions to this review. NR 166 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 6 U2 62 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD MAY 12 PY 2012 VL 50 AR RG2004 DI 10.1029/2011RG000382 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 942AP UT WOS:000304012100001 ER PT J AU Russell, CT Raymond, CA Coradini, A McSween, HY Zuber, MT Nathues, A De Sanctis, MC Jaumann, R Konopliv, AS Preusker, F Asmar, SW Park, RS Gaskell, R Keller, HU Mottola, S Roatsch, T Scully, JEC Smith, DE Tricarico, P Toplis, MJ Christensen, UR Feldman, WC Lawrence, DJ McCoy, TJ Prettyman, TH Reedy, RC Sykes, ME Titus, TN AF Russell, C. T. Raymond, C. A. Coradini, A. McSween, H. Y. Zuber, M. T. Nathues, A. De Sanctis, M. C. Jaumann, R. Konopliv, A. S. Preusker, F. Asmar, S. W. Park, R. S. Gaskell, R. Keller, H. U. Mottola, S. Roatsch, T. Scully, J. E. C. Smith, D. E. Tricarico, P. Toplis, M. J. Christensen, U. R. Feldman, W. C. Lawrence, D. J. McCoy, T. J. Prettyman, T. H. Reedy, R. C. Sykes, M. E. Titus, T. N. TI Dawn at Vesta: Testing the Protoplanetary Paradigm SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARENT BODY; EVOLUTION; DIFFERENTIATION; DIOGENITES; EUCRITE; ORIGIN; CORE; SIZE AB The Dawn spacecraft targeted 4 Vesta, believed to be a remnant intact protoplanet from the earliest epoch of solar system formation, based on analyses of howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) meteorites that indicate a differentiated parent body. Dawn observations reveal a giant basin at Vesta's south pole, whose excavation was sufficient to produce Vesta-family asteroids (Vestoids) and HED meteorites. The spatially resolved mineralogy of the surface reflects the composition of the HED meteorites, confirming the formation of Vesta's crust by melting of a chondritic parent body. Vesta's mass, volume, and gravitational field are consistent with a core having an average radius of 107 to 113 kilometers, indicating sufficient internal melting to segregate iron. Dawn's results confirm predictions that Vesta differentiated and support its identification as the parent body of the HEDs. C1 [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Raymond, C. A.; Konopliv, A. S.; Asmar, S. W.; Park, R. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Coradini, A.; De Sanctis, M. C.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, Rome, Italy. [McSween, H. Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zuber, M. T.; Smith, D. E.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Nathues, A.; Keller, H. U.; Christensen, U. R.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Jaumann, R.; Preusker, F.; Mottola, S.; Roatsch, T.] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Scully, J. E. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gaskell, R.; Tricarico, P.; Feldman, W. C.; Prettyman, T. H.; Reedy, R. C.; Sykes, M. E.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Toplis, M. J.] Univ Toulouse, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. [Lawrence, D. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Titus, T. N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Russell, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ctrussell@igpp.ucla.edu RI Russell, Christopher/E-7745-2012; De Sanctis, Maria Cristina/G-5232-2013; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298; De Sanctis, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-3463-4437; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 FU NASA; [NNM05AA86C] FX We thank the Dawn team for the development, cruise, orbital insertion, and operations of the Dawn spacecraft at Vesta. C. T. R. is supported by the Discovery Program through contract NNM05AA86C to the University of California, Los Angeles. A portion of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. Dawn data are archived with the NASA Planetary Data System. NR 27 TC 205 Z9 207 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 11 PY 2012 VL 336 IS 6082 BP 684 EP 686 DI 10.1126/science.1219381 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 940EH UT WOS:000303872300039 PM 22582253 ER PT J AU Reddy, V Nathues, A Le Corre, L Sierks, H Li, JY Gaskell, R McCoy, T Beck, AW Schroder, SE Pieters, CM Becker, KJ Buratti, BJ Denevi, B Blewett, DT Christensen, U Gaffey, MJ Gutierrez-Marques, P Hicks, M Keller, HU Maue, T Mottola, S McFadden, LA McSween, HY Mittlefehldt, D O'Brien, DP Raymond, C Russell, C AF Reddy, Vishnu Nathues, Andreas Le Corre, Lucille Sierks, Holger Li, Jian-Yang Gaskell, Robert McCoy, Timothy Beck, Andrew W. Schroeder, Stefan E. Pieters, Carle M. Becker, Kris J. Buratti, Bonnie J. Denevi, Brett Blewett, David T. Christensen, Ulrich Gaffey, Michael J. Gutierrez-Marques, Pablo Hicks, Michael Keller, Horst Uwe Maue, Thorsten Mottola, Stefano McFadden, Lucy A. McSween, Harry Y. Mittlefehldt, David O'Brien, David P. Raymond, Carol Russell, Christopher TI Color and Albedo Heterogeneity of Vesta from Dawn SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARENT BODY; METEORITES; EUCRITE; EARTH; SIZE AB Multispectral images (0.44 to 0.98 mm) of asteroid (4) Vesta obtained by the Dawn Framing Cameras reveal global color variations that uncover and help understand the north-south hemispherical dichotomy. The signature of deep lithologies excavated during the formation of the Rheasilvia basin on the south pole has been preserved on the surface. Color variations (band depth, spectral slope, and eucrite-diogenite abundance) clearly correlate with distinct compositional units. Vesta displays the greatest variation of geometric albedo (0.10 to 0.67) of any asteroid yet observed. Four distinct color units are recognized that chronicle processes-including impact excavation, mass wasting, and space weathering-that shaped the asteroid's surface. Vesta's color and photometric diversity are indicative of its status as a preserved, differentiated protoplanet. C1 [Reddy, Vishnu; Nathues, Andreas; Le Corre, Lucille; Sierks, Holger; Schroeder, Stefan E.; Christensen, Ulrich; Gutierrez-Marques, Pablo; Maue, Thorsten] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Reddy, Vishnu; Gaffey, Michael J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Space Studies, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Li, Jian-Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gaskell, Robert; O'Brien, David P.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [McCoy, Timothy; Beck, Andrew W.] Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Pieters, Carle M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Becker, Kris J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Buratti, Bonnie J.; Hicks, Michael; Raymond, Carol] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Denevi, Brett; Blewett, David T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Keller, Horst Uwe] TU Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, DE-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Mottola, Stefano] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [McFadden, Lucy A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McSween, Harry Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mittlefehldt, David] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Russell, Christopher] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Reddy, V (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Max Planck Str 2, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM reddy@mps.mpg.de RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Denevi, Brett/I-6502-2012; Russell, Christopher/E-7745-2012; Schroder, Stefan/D-9709-2013; McFadden, Lucy-Ann/I-4902-2013; Beck, Andrew/J-7215-2015; OI Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Denevi, Brett/0000-0001-7837-6663; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298; Schroder, Stefan/0000-0003-0323-8324; McFadden, Lucy-Ann/0000-0002-0537-9975; Beck, Andrew/0000-0003-4455-2299; Reddy, Vishnu/0000-0002-7743-3491; Le Corre, Lucille/0000-0003-0349-7932 FU Max Planck Society; German Space Agency, DLR; Dawn at Vesta; NASA FX We thank the Dawn team for the development, cruise, orbital insertion, and operations of the Dawn spacecraft at Vesta. The Framing Camera project is financially supported by the Max Planck Society and the German Space Agency, DLR. We also thank the Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist Program for funding the research. A portion of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. Dawn data are archived with the NASA Planetary Data System. NR 14 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 11 PY 2012 VL 336 IS 6082 BP 700 EP 704 DI 10.1126/science.1219088 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 940EH UT WOS:000303872300044 PM 22582258 ER PT J AU Mikesell, TD van Wijk, K Haney, MM Bradford, JH Marshall, HP Harper, JT AF Mikesell, T. D. van Wijk, K. Haney, M. M. Bradford, J. H. Marshall, H. P. Harper, J. T. TI Monitoring glacier surface seismicity in time and space using Rayleigh waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC ICE STREAM; BENCH GLACIER; WATER-CONTENT; ICEQUAKES; VELOCITY; ALASKA; GORNERGLETSCHER; EARTHQUAKES; SWITZERLAND; ALGORITHM AB Sliding glaciers and brittle ice failure generate seismic body and surface wave energy characteristic to the source mechanism. Here we analyze continuous seismic recordings from an array of nine short-period passive seismometers located on Bench Glacier, Alaska (USA) (61.033 degrees N, 145.687 degrees W). We focus on the arrival-time and amplitude information of the dominant Rayleigh wave phase. Over a 46-hour period we detect thousands of events using a cross-correlation based event identification method. Travel-time inversion of a subset of events (7% of the total) defines an active crevasse, propagating more than 200 meters in three hours. From the Rayleigh wave amplitudes, we estimate the amount of volumetric opening along the crevasse as well as an average bulk attenuation ((Q) over bar = 42) for the ice in this part of the glacier. With the remaining icequake signals we establish a diurnal periodicity in seismicity, indicating that surface run-off and subglacial water pressure changes likely control the triggering of these surface events. Furthermore, we find that these events are too weak (i.e., too noisy) to locate individually. However, stacking individual events increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the waveforms, implying that these periodic sources are effectively stationary during the recording period. C1 [Mikesell, T. D.; van Wijk, K.; Haney, M. M.; Bradford, J. H.; Marshall, H. P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Mikesell, T. D.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, Geoazur,UMR 6526, Valbonne, France. [Harper, J. T.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Haney, M. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Mikesell, TD (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM dmikesell@cgiss.boisestate.edu RI Marshall, Hans-Peter/A-2374-2010 OI Marshall, Hans-Peter/0000-0002-4852-5637 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0552316]; Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration; U.S. National Science Foundation [ARC-0454717]; NDSEG; NSF [GK12] FX The instruments used in the field program were provided by the PASSCAL facility of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) through the PASSCAL Instrument Center at New Mexico Tech. Data collected during this experiment are available through the IRIS Data Management Center. The facilities of the IRIS Consortium are supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-0552316 and by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration. The Bench Glacier project is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant ARC-0454717. D. M. was supported by the NDSEG and NSF GK12 Fellowships during this work. We thank the MesoWest project at University of Utah for the weather station data (http://mesowest.utah.edu/index.html). We thank Vijay Raghavendra, Josh Nichols, and Tabish Raza for help in the field and Michael West and Celso Reyes for the GISMOTOOLS package (http://code.google.com/p/gismotools/). We are grateful to Fabian Walter and Shad O'Neel for useful discussions on the different types of icequakes and detection techniques, as well as their editorial suggestions which improved this manuscript. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAY 10 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F02020 DI 10.1029/2011JF002259 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 941ZU UT WOS:000304009800001 ER PT J AU Bakian, AV Sullivan, KA Paxton, EH AF Bakian, Amanda V. Sullivan, Kimberly A. Paxton, Eben H. TI Elucidating spatially explicit behavioral landscapes in the Willow Flycatcher SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; Sex differences; Space use; Resource selection; Willow Flycatcher ID RESOURCE SELECTION; HOME-RANGE; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; SPACE USE; ECOLOGY; MODELS; FEAR; HABITAT; AREA AB Animal resource selection is a complex, hierarchical decision-making process, yet resource selection studies often focus on the presence and absence of an animal rather than the animal's behavior at resource use locations. In this study, we investigate foraging and vocalization resource selection in a population of Willow Flycatchers, Empidonax traillii adastus, using Bayesian spatial generalized linear models. These models produce "behavioral landscapes" in which space use and resource selection is linked through behavior. Radio telemetry locations were collected from 35 adult Willow Flycatchers (n = 14 males, n = 13 females, and n = 8 unknown sex) over the 2003 and 2004 breeding seasons at Fish Creek, Utah. Results from the 2-stage modeling approach showed that habitat type, perch position, and distance from the arithmetic mean of the home range (in males) or nest site (in females) were important factors influencing foraging and vocalization resource selection. Parameter estimates from the individual-level models indicated high intraspecific variation in the use of the various habitat types and perch heights for foraging and vocalization. On the population level, Willow Flycatchers selected riparian habitat over other habitat types for vocalizing but used multiple habitat types for foraging including mountain shrub, young riparian, and upland forest. Mapping of observed and predicted foraging and vocalization resource selection indicated that the behavior often occurred in disparate areas of the home range. This suggests that multiple core areas may exist in the home ranges of individual flycatchers, and demonstrates that the behavioral landscape modeling approach can be applied to identify spatially and behaviorally distinct core areas. The behavioral landscape approach is applicable to a wide range of animal taxa and can be used to improve our understanding of the spatial context of behavior and resource selection. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bakian, Amanda V.; Sullivan, Kimberly A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bakian, Amanda V.; Sullivan, Kimberly A.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Paxton, Eben H.] USGS Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Bakian, AV (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Psychiat, 650 Komas,Suite 206, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM amanda.bakian@hsc.utah.edu; kim.sullivan@usu.edu; eben_paxton@usgs.gov OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 FU Utah State University Ecology Center; American Museum of Natural History; Manti-La Sal National Forests Price Ranger District; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City Office, the U.S. Geological Survey FX We are thankful to John Goodell and Megan Kanaga for their hard work radio-tracking Willow Flycatchers at Fish Creek. Funding was provided by the Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City Office, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Utah State University Ecology Center and the Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund of the American Museum of Natural History. Thank you to Mevin Hooten and Ryan Wilson for insightful conversations and feedback during the concept development part of this study. We are grateful for the support to conduct field work at Fish Creek given by the Manti-La Sal National Forests Price Ranger District and the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 10 PY 2012 VL 232 BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.013 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934EA UT WOS:000303424900011 ER PT J AU Huntzinger, DN Post, WM Wei, Y Michalak, AM West, TO Jacobson, AR Baker, IT Chen, JM Davis, KJ Hayes, DJ Hoffman, FM Jain, AK Liu, S McGuire, AD Neilson, RP Potter, C Poulter, B Price, D Raczka, BM Tian, HQ Thornton, P Tomelleri, E Viovy, N Xiao, J Yuan, W Zeng, N Zhao, M Cook, R AF Huntzinger, D. N. Post, W. M. Wei, Y. Michalak, A. M. West, T. O. Jacobson, A. R. Baker, I. T. Chen, J. M. Davis, K. J. Hayes, D. J. Hoffman, F. M. Jain, A. K. Liu, S. McGuire, A. D. Neilson, R. P. Potter, Chris Poulter, B. Price, David Raczka, B. M. Tian, H. Q. Thornton, P. Tomelleri, E. Viovy, N. Xiao, J. Yuan, W. Zeng, N. Zhao, M. Cook, R. TI North American Carbon Program (NACP) regional interim synthesis: Terrestrial biospheric model intercomparison SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Terrestrial biospheric models; Intercomparison; Carbon fluxes; North American Carbon Program; Regional ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY NPP; COMPARING GLOBAL-MODELS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODELS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; ANALYSIS PROJECT AB Understanding of carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere can be improved through direct observations and experiments, as well as through modeling activities. Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) have become an integral tool for extrapolating local observations and understanding to much larger terrestrial regions. Although models vary in their specific goals and approaches, their central role within carbon cycle science is to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms currently controlling carbon exchange. Recently, the North American Carbon Program (NACP) organized several interim-synthesis activities to evaluate and inter-compare models and observations at local to continental scales for the years 2000-2005. Here, we compare the results from the TBMs collected as part of the regional and continental interim-synthesis (RCIS) activities. The primary objective of this work is to synthesize and compare the 19 participating TBMs to assess current understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle in North America. Thus, the RCIS focuses on model simulations available from analyses that have been completed by ongoing NACP projects and other recently published studies. The TBM flux estimates are compared and evaluated over different spatial (1 degrees X 1 degrees and spatially aggregated to different regions) and temporal (monthly and annually) scales. The range in model estimates of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) for North America is much narrower than estimates of productivity or respiration, with estimates of NEP varying between 0.7 and 2.2 PgC yr(-1), while gross primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration vary between 12.2 and 32.9 PgCyr(-1) and 5.6 and 13.2 PgC yr(-1), respectively. The range in estimates from the models appears to be driven by a combination of factors, including the representation of photosynthesis, the source and of environmental driver data and the temporal variability of those data, as well as whether nutrient limitation is considered in soil carbon decomposition. The disagreement in current estimates of carbon flux across North America, including whether North America is a net biospheric carbon source or sink, highlights the need for further analysis through the use of model runs following a common simulation protocol, in order to isolate the influences of model formulation, structure, and assumptions on flux estimates. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huntzinger, D. N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Post, W. M.; Wei, Y.; Hayes, D. J.; Hoffman, F. M.; Thornton, P.; Cook, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Michalak, A. M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [West, T. O.] Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Jacobson, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Jacobson, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baker, I. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Davis, K. J.; Raczka, B. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jain, A. K.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liu, S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Neilson, R. P.] Univ Utah, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Potter, Chris] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Poulter, B.; Viovy, N.] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Price, David] Nat Resources Canada, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Tian, H. Q.] Auburn Univ, Ecosyst Dynam & Global Ecol Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tomelleri, E.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Xiao, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Yuan, W.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zeng, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhao, M.] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Huntzinger, DN (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, POB 5964, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM deborah.huntzinger@nau.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016; Zhao, Maosheng/G-5706-2010; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; Wei, Yaxing/K-1507-2013; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Wei, Yaxing/0000-0001-6924-0078; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX06AE84G, NNH06AE47I] FX The interim-synthesis activity represents a grass-roots effort by the carbon cycle community, conducted largely on a volunteer basis. We would particularly like to thank all of the modeling teams that participated in the synthesis activities, sharing results from their ongoing work, and providing feedback during the workshops. We also thank MAST-DC at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for data management support; MAST-DC (Project NNH06AE47I) is a Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group Project funded by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program. Funding was also provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Grant No. NNX06AE84G "Constraining North American Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide and Inferring their Spatiotemporal Covariances through Assimilation of Remote Sensing and Atmospheric Data in a Geostatistical Framework" issued through the ROSES A.6 North American Carbon Program. NR 88 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 10 PY 2012 VL 232 BP 144 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.004 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934EA UT WOS:000303424900013 ER PT J AU Kean, JW Staley, DM Leeper, RJ Schmidt, KM Gartner, JE AF Kean, Jason W. Staley, Dennis M. Leeper, Robert J. Schmidt, Kevin M. Gartner, Joseph E. TI A low-cost method to measure the timing of postfire flash floods and debris flows relative to rainfall SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN-CATCHMENTS; WILDFIRE; RUNOFF; FIRE; EROSION; USA; DISCHARGE; RECOVERY; BASINS; SYSTEM AB Data on the specific timing of postfire flash floods and debris flows are very limited. We describe a method to measure the response times of small burned watersheds to rainfall using a low-cost pressure transducer, which can be installed quickly after a fire. Although the pressure transducer is not designed for sustained sampling at the fast rates (<= 2 s) used at more advanced debris flow monitoring sites, comparisons with high-frequency stage data show that measured spikes in pressure sampled at 1 min intervals are sufficient to detect the passage of most debris flows and floods. Postevent site visits are used to measure the peak stage and identify flow type on the basis of deposit characteristics. The basin response time scale (t(b)) to generate flow at each site was determined from an analysis of the cross correlation between time series of flow pressure and 5 min rainfall intensity. This time scale was found to be less than 30 min for 40 postfire floods and 11 postfire debris flows recorded in 15 southern California watersheds (<= 1.4 km(2)). Including data from 24 other debris flows recorded at 5 more instrumentally advanced monitoring stations, we find there is not a substantial difference in the median t(b) for floods and debris flows (11 and 9 min, respectively); however, there are slight, statistically significant differences in the trends of flood and debris flow t(b) with basin area, which are presumably related to differences in flow speed between floods and debris flows. C1 [Kean, Jason W.; Staley, Dennis M.; Gartner, Joseph E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Leeper, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Schmidt, Kevin M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kean, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jwkean@usgs.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369; Leeper III, Robert/0000-0003-2890-8216 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 9 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W05516 DI 10.1029/2011WR011460 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 942AZ UT WOS:000304013200002 ER PT J AU Brothers, D Harding, A Gonzalez-Fernandez, A Holbrook, WS Kent, G Driscoll, N Fletcher, J Lizarralde, D Umhoefer, P Axen, G AF Brothers, Daniel Harding, Alistair Gonzalez-Fernandez, Antonio Holbrook, W. Steven Kent, Graham Driscoll, Neal Fletcher, John Lizarralde, Dan Umhoefer, Paul Axen, Gary TI Farallon slab detachment and deformation of the Magdalena Shelf, southern Baja California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; PACIFIC PLATE; MEXICO; SUR; GEOCHRONOLOGY; INSIGHTS; MOTION; UPLIFT; MA AB Subduction of the Farallon plate beneath northwestern Mexico stalled by similar to 12 Ma when the Pacific-Farallon spreading-ridge approached the subduction zone. Coupling between remnant slab and the overriding North American plate played an important role in the capture of the Baja California (BC) microplate by the Pacific Plate. Active-source seismic reflection and wide-angle seismic refraction profiles across southwestern BC (similar to 24.5 degrees N) are used to image the extent of remnant slab and study its impact on the overriding plate. We infer that the hot, buoyant slab detached similar to 40 km landward of the fossil trench. Isostatic rebound following slab detachment uplifted the margin and exposed the Magdalena Shelf to wave-base erosion. Subsequent cooling, subsidence and transtensional opening along the shelf (starting similar to 8 Ma) starved the fossil trench of terrigenous sediment input. Slab detachment and the resultant rebound of the margin provide a mechanism for rapid uplift and exhumation of forearc subduction complexes. Citation: Brothers, D., A. Harding, A. Gonzalez-Fernandez, W. S. Holbrook, G. Kent, N. Driscoll, J. Fletcher, D. Lizarralde, P. Umhoefer, and G. Axen (2012), Farallon slab detachment and deformation of the Magdalena Shelf, southern Baja California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09307, doi:10.1029/2011GL050828. C1 [Brothers, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Brothers, Daniel; Harding, Alistair; Driscoll, Neal] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92092 USA. [Gonzalez-Fernandez, Antonio; Fletcher, John] CICESE, Dept Geol, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. [Holbrook, W. Steven] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kent, Graham] Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lizarralde, Dan] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Umhoefer, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Axen, Gary] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Brothers, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dbrothers@usgs.gov RI Holbrook, W. Steven/G-9800-2011; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gonzalez-Fernandez, Antonio/J-5032-2016 OI Holbrook, W. Steven/0000-0003-0065-8841; Gonzalez-Fernandez, Antonio/0000-0002-0910-8240 FU NSF [OCE-0112058] FX Neither the U. S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or sub-contractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. We thank Uri ten Brink and two anonymous reviewers for assisting in the evaluation of this paper. This work was funded by the NSF Margins Program, grant number OCE-0112058. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 8 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L09307 DI 10.1029/2011GL050828 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 941YL UT WOS:000304005500001 ER PT J AU Fox, PM Davis, JA Hay, MB Conrad, ME Campbell, KM Williams, KH Long, PE AF Fox, Patricia M. Davis, James A. Hay, Michael B. Conrad, Mark E. Campbell, Kate M. Williams, Kenneth H. Long, Philip E. TI Rate-limited U(VI) desorption during a small-scale tracer test in a heterogeneous uranium-contaminated aquifer SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VARIABLE CHEMICAL CONDITIONS; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; MASS-TRANSFER; METAL-IONS; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; GROUNDWATER; SEDIMENTS; CALCITE; COMPLEXES AB A tracer test was performed at the Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge site to assess the effect of addition of bicarbonate on U(VI) desorption from contaminated sediments in the aquifer and to compare equilibrium and rate-limited reactive transport model descriptions of mass transfer limitations on desorption. The tracer test consisted of injection of a 37 mM NaHCO3 solution containing conservative tracers followed by down-gradient sampling of groundwater at various elevations and distances from the point of injection. Breakthrough curves show that dissolved U(VI) concentrations increased 1.2-2.6-fold above background levels, resulting from increases in bicarbonate alkalinity (from injectate solution) and Ca concentrations (from cation exchange). In general, more U(VI) was mobilized in shallower zones of the aquifer, where finer-grained sediments and higher solid phase U content were found compared to deeper zones. An equilibrium-based reactive transport model incorporating a laboratory-based surface complexation model derived from the same location predicted the general trends in dissolved U(VI) during the tracer test but greatly overpredicted the concentrations of U(VI), indicating that the system was not at equilibrium. Inclusion of a multirate mass transfer model successfully simulated the nonequilibrium desorption behavior of U(VI). Local sediment properties such as sediment texture (weight percent <2 mm), surface area, cation exchange capacity, and adsorbed U(VI) were heterogeneous at the meter scale, and it was important to incorporate these values into model parameters in order to produce accurate simulations. C1 [Fox, Patricia M.; Davis, James A.; Conrad, Mark E.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Long, Philip E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fox, Patricia M.; Davis, James A.; Hay, Michael B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hay, Michael B.] ARCADIS US Inc, Highlands Ranch, CO 80129 USA. [Campbell, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Long, Philip E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fox, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Conrad, Mark/G-2767-2010; Davis, James/G-2788-2015 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Office of Environmental Management, Office of Science and Technology of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the many members of the Rifle IFRC project for assistance in the field, in particular Richard Dayvault and Dave Traub of Stoller, Inc., and Sung Pil Hyun from the University of Michigan. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program, and was conducted as part of the Rifle IFRC project. The Rifle IFRC project is a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional project initially managed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and currently by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. This work was also supported by the Assistant Secretary of the Office of Environmental Management, Office of Science and Technology, Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 to LBNL. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 8 PY 2012 VL 48 DI 10.1029/2011WR011472 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 942AW UT WOS:000304012900004 ER PT J AU Pigati, JS Latorre, C Rech, JA Betancourt, JL Martinez, KE Budahn, JR AF Pigati, Jeffrey S. Latorre, Claudio Rech, Jason A. Betancourt, Julio L. Martinez, Katherine E. Budahn, James R. TI Accumulation of impact markers in desert wetlands and implications for the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ATACAMA DESERT; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXTRATERRESTRIAL IMPACT; MAGNETIC SPHERULES; NORTH-AMERICA; BLACK MATS; PALEOHYDROLOGY; EXTINCTIONS; TRANSITION; ACCRETION AB The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis contends that an extraterrestrial object exploded over North America at 12.9 ka, initiating the Younger Dryas cold event, the extinction of many North American megafauna, and the demise of the Clovis archeological culture. Although the exact nature and location of the proposed impact or explosion remain unclear, alleged evidence for the fallout comes from multiple sites across North America and a site in Belgium. At 6 of the 10 original sites (excluding the Carolina Bays), elevated concentrations of various "impact markers" were found in association with black mats that date to the onset of the Younger Dryas. Black mats are common features in paleowetland deposits and typically represent shallow marsh environments. In this study, we investigated black mats ranging in age from approximately 6 to more than 40 ka in the southwestern United States and the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. At 10 of 13 sites, we found elevated concentrations of iridium in bulk and magnetic sediments, magnetic spherules, and/or titanomagnetite grains within or at the base of black mats, regardless of their age or location, suggesting that elevated concentrations of these markers arise from processes common to wetland systems, and not a catastrophic extraterrestrial impact event. C1 [Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Budahn, James R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Latorre, Claudio; Martinez, Katherine E.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Ecol & Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile. [Latorre, Claudio; Martinez, Katherine E.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [Latorre, Claudio] Inst Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago, Chile. [Rech, Jason A.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Pigati, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jpigati@usgs.gov RI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012 OI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599 FU National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration [8507-08]; US Geological Survey; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecologia y Biodiversidad (Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Excelencia en Investigacion) [1501-2001]; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity [P05-002 ICM, PFB-23] FX We thank B. Gilmore, N. Villavicencio, M. Frugone, E. Ascarrunz, and J. Wilson for field support. We also thank E. Ellis, D. Muhs, M. Reheis, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews of this manuscript. This project was funded by National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration under Award 8507-08, and the US Geological Survey's Global Change Research Program. C. L. and K. E. M. also thank Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecologia y Biodiversidad (Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Excelencia en Investigacion 1501-2001) and the Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (Grants P05-002 ICM and PFB-23) for additional support. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 29 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 8 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 19 BP 7208 EP 7212 DI 10.1073/pnas.1200296109 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 942ZQ UT WOS:000304090600025 PM 22529347 ER PT J AU Thomas, AM Burgmann, R Shelly, DR Beeler, NM Rudolph, ML AF Thomas, A. M. Buergmann, R. Shelly, D. R. Beeler, N. M. Rudolph, M. L. TI Tidal triggering of low frequency earthquakes near Parkfield, California: Implications for fault mechanics within the brittle-ductile transition SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; SLOW SLIP EVENTS; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; EARTH TIDES; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR; FRICTION LAWS; SOLID EARTH AB Studies of nonvolcanic tremor (NVT) have established the significant impact of small stress perturbations on NVT generation. Here we analyze the influence of the solid earth and ocean tides on a catalog of similar to 550,000 low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) distributed along a 150 km section of the San Andreas Fault centered at Parkfield. LFE families are identified in the NVT data on the basis of waveform similarity and are thought to represent small, effectively co-located earthquakes occurring on brittle asperities on an otherwise aseismic fault at depths of 16 to 30 km. We calculate the sensitivity of each of these 88 LFE families to the tidally induced right-lateral shear stress (RLSS), fault-normal stress (FNS), and their time derivatives and use the hypocentral locations of each family to map the spatial variability of this sensitivity. LFE occurrence is most strongly modulated by fluctuations in shear stress, with the majority of families demonstrating a correlation with RLSS at the 99% confidence level or above. Producing the observed LFE rate modulation in response to shear stress perturbations requires low effective stress in the LFE source region. There are substantial lateral and vertical variations in tidal shear stress sensitivity, which we interpret to reflect spatial variation in source region properties, such as friction and pore fluid pressure. Additionally, we find that highly episodic, shallow LFE families are generally less correlated with tidal stresses than their deeper, continuously active counterparts. The majority of families have weaker or insignificant correlation with positive (tensile) FNS. Two groups of families demonstrate a stronger correlation with fault-normal tension to the north and with compression to the south of Parkfield. The families that correlate with fault-normal clamping coincide with a releasing right bend in the surface fault trace and the LFE locations, suggesting that the San Andreas remains localized and contiguous down to near the base of the crust. The deep families that have high sensitivity to both shear and tensile normal stress perturbations may be indicative of an increase in effective fault contact area with depth. Synthesizing our observations with those of other LFE-hosting localities will help to develop a comprehensive understanding of transient fault slip below the "seismogenic zone" by providing constraints on parameters in physical models of slow slip and LFEs. C1 [Thomas, A. M.; Buergmann, R.; Rudolph, M. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shelly, D. R.; Beeler, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thomas, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 169 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM amthomas@berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation FX We wish to thank David Brillinger for assistance in developing the hypothesis testing procedure, Brent Delbridge for providing us with data related to the Cascadia slip events, Greg Hirth for suggestions and conversations which greatly improved this manuscript, Fred Pollitz for assistance with validating that our Green's functions are accurate, and Allan Rubin for comments relating to the limitations of the model we consider in the manuscript. We would also like to thank Michael Manga, Steve Hickman, Jeanne Hardebeck, and two anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments and efficiently reviewing a lengthy manuscript. A. M. T. and M. L. R. were supported by the National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship program. This is Berkeley Seismological Laboratory publication 11-8. NR 81 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 4 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B05301 DI 10.1029/2011JB009036 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 937PR UT WOS:000303670900002 ER PT J AU Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Calef, F Clark, BC Cohen, BA Crumpler, LA de Souza, PA Farrand, WH Gellert, R Grant, J Herkenhoff, KE Hurowitz, JA Johnson, JR Jolliff, BL Knoll, AH Li, R McLennan, SM Ming, DW Mittlefehldt, DW Parker, TJ Paulsen, G Rice, MS Ruff, SW Schroder, C Yen, AS Zacny, K AF Squyres, S. W. Arvidson, R. E. Bell, J. F., III Calef, F., III Clark, B. C. Cohen, B. A. Crumpler, L. A. de Souza, P. A., Jr. Farrand, W. H. Gellert, R. Grant, J. Herkenhoff, K. E. Hurowitz, J. A. Johnson, J. R. Jolliff, B. L. Knoll, A. H. Li, R. McLennan, S. M. Ming, D. W. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Parker, T. J. Paulsen, G. Rice, M. S. Ruff, S. W. Schroeder, C. Yen, A. S. Zacny, K. TI Ancient Impact and Aqueous Processes at Endeavour Crater, Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SUEVITE BRECCIA; RIES CRATER; GERMANY; ORIGIN; VEINS; HISTORY; GYPSUM; WATER; ROCK AB The rover Opportunity has investigated the rim of Endeavour Crater, a large ancient impact crater on Mars. Basaltic breccias produced by the impact form the rim deposits, with stratigraphy similar to that observed at similar-sized craters on Earth. Highly localized zinc enrichments in some breccia materials suggest hydrothermal alteration of rim deposits. Gypsum-rich veins cut sedimentary rocks adjacent to the crater rim. The gypsum was precipitated from low-temperature aqueous fluids flowing upward from the ancient materials of the rim, leading temporarily to potentially habitable conditions and providing some of the waters involved in formation of the ubiquitous sulfate-rich sandstones of the Meridiani region. C1 [Squyres, S. W.; Rice, M. S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.; Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63031 USA. [Bell, J. F., III; Ruff, S. W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Calef, F., III; Hurowitz, J. A.; Parker, T. J.; Yen, A. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, B. C.; Farrand, W. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Cohen, B. A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Crumpler, L. A.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [de Souza, P. A., Jr.] Univ Tasmania, Human Interface Technol Lab, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Grant, J.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Johnson, J. R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Knoll, A. H.] Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Li, R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ming, D. W.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Paulsen, G.; Zacny, K.] Honeybee Robot & Spacecraft Mech Corp, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. [Schroeder, C.] Univ Bayreuth, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Schroeder, C.] Univ Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Squyres, SW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM squyres@astro.cornell.edu RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; FU NASA FX This research was carried out for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 36 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 60 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 4 PY 2012 VL 336 IS 6081 BP 570 EP 576 DI 10.1126/science.1220476 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 935DJ UT WOS:000303498800041 PM 22556248 ER PT J AU Godt, JW Sener-Kaya, B Lu, N Baum, RL AF Godt, Jonathan W. Sener-Kaya, Basak Lu, Ning Baum, Rex L. TI Stability of infinite slopes under transient partially saturated seepage conditions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNCHANNELED CATCHMENT; HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DEBRIS FLOWS; RAINFALL; INFILTRATION; WASHINGTON; SEATTLE; MODEL AB Prediction of the location and timing of rainfall-induced shallow landslides is desired by organizations responsible for hazard management and warnings. However, hydrologic and mechanical processes in the vadose zone complicate such predictions. Infiltrating rainfall must typically pass through an unsaturated layer before reaching the irregular and usually discontinuous shallow water table. This process is dynamic and a function of precipitation intensity and duration, the initial moisture conditions and hydrologic properties of the hillside materials, and the geometry, stratigraphy, and vegetation of the hillslope. As a result, pore water pressures, volumetric water content, effective stress, and thus the propensity for landsliding vary over seasonal and shorter time scales. We apply a general framework for assessing the stability of infinite slopes under transient variably saturated conditions. The framework includes profiles of pressure head and volumetric water content combined with a general effective stress for slope stability analysis. The general effective stress, or suction stress, provides a means for rigorous quantification of stress changes due to rainfall and infiltration and thus the analysis of slope stability over the range of volumetric water contents and pressure heads relevant to shallow landslide initiation. We present results using an analytical solution for transient infiltration for a range of soil texture and hydrological properties typical of landslide-prone hillslopes and show the effect of these properties on the timing and depth of slope failure. We follow by analyzing field-monitoring data acquired prior to shallow landslide failure of a hillside near Seattle, Washington, and show that the timing of the slide was predictable using measured pressure head and volumetric water content and show how the approach can be used in a forward manner using a numerical model for transient infiltration. C1 [Godt, Jonathan W.; Baum, Rex L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sener-Kaya, Basak; Lu, Ning] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Godt, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgodt@usgs.gov OI Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-CMMI-0855783] FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF-CMMI-0855783) to N.L. and J.W.G. Jason Kean, Joshua White, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments that improved the presentation and content of the paper. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 3 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W05505 DI 10.1029/2011WR011408 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 937RH UT WOS:000303675400003 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, KA Frame, ER Gulland, F Hansen, JD Kendrick, PS Beyer, RP Bammler, TK Farin, FM Hiolski, EM Smith, DR Marcinek, DJ AF Lefebvre, Kathi A. Frame, Elizabeth R. Gulland, Frances Hansen, John D. Kendrick, Preston S. Beyer, Richard P. Bammler, Theo K. Farin, Frederico M. Hiolski, Emma M. Smith, Donald R. Marcinek, David J. TI A Novel Antibody-Based Biomarker for Chronic Algal Toxin Exposure and Sub-Acute Neurotoxicity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS; DOMOIC ACID TOXICOSIS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; CLINICAL SIGNS; HAPTEN; SPECIFICITY; MORTALITY; SHELLFISH; TOXICITY; HEALTH AB The neurotoxic amino acid, domoic acid (DA), is naturally produced by marine phytoplankton and presents a significant threat to the health of marine mammals, seabirds and humans via transfer of the toxin through the foodweb. In humans, acute exposure causes a neurotoxic illness known as amnesic shellfish poisoning characterized by seizures, memory loss, coma and death. Regular monitoring for high DA levels in edible shellfish tissues has been effective in protecting human consumers from acute DA exposure. However, chronic low-level DA exposure remains a concern, particularly in coastal and tribal communities that subsistence harvest shellfish known to contain low levels of the toxin. Domoic acid exposure via consumption of planktivorous fish also has a profound health impact on California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) affecting hundreds of animals yearly. Due to increasing algal toxin exposure threats globally, there is a critical need for reliable diagnostic tests for assessing chronic DA exposure in humans and wildlife. Here we report the discovery of a novel DA-specific antibody response that is a signature of chronic low-level exposure identified initially in a zebrafish exposure model and confirmed in naturally exposed wild sea lions. Additionally, we found that chronic exposure in zebrafish caused increased neurologic sensitivity to DA, revealing that repetitive exposure to DA well below the threshold for acute behavioral toxicity has underlying neurotoxic consequences. The discovery that chronic exposure to low levels of a small, water-soluble single amino acid triggers a detectable antibody response is surprising and has profound implications for the development of diagnostic tests for exposure to other pervasive environmental toxins. C1 [Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Frame, Elizabeth R.; Kendrick, Preston S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gulland, Frances] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA. [Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Beyer, Richard P.; Bammler, Theo K.; Farin, Frederico M.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hiolski, Emma M.; Smith, Donald R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Marcinek, David J.] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Marcinek, David J.] Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov OI Marcinek, David/0000-0001-5187-2149 FU NOAA-ECOHAB program; UW NIEHS [P30ES07033]; NIH [AG036606] FX Funding for this research was provided by the NOAA-ECOHAB program. This work was also supported in part by the UW NIEHS sponsored Center for Ecogenetics & Environmental Health (P30ES07033) and NIH AG036606. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 2 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e36213 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036213 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959US UT WOS:000305341500059 PM 22567140 ER PT J AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, Mehmet TI Golden Gate Bridge Response: A Study with Low-Amplitude Data from Three Earthquakes SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK; AMBIENT VIBRATION AB The dynamic response of the Golden Gate Bridge, located north of San Francisco, CA, has been studied previously using ambient vibration data and finite element models. Since permanent seismic instrumentation was installed in 1993, only small earthquakes that originated at distances varying between similar to 11 to 122 km have been recorded. Nonetheless, these records prompted this study of the response of the bridge to low amplitude shaking caused by three earthquakes. Compared to previous ambient vibration studies, the earthquake response data reveal a slightly higher fundamental frequency (shorter-period) for vertical vibration of the bridge deck center span (similar to 7.7-8.3 s versus 8.2-10.6 s), and a much higher fundamental frequency (shorter period) for the transverse direction of the deck (similar to 11.24-16.3 s versus similar to 18.2 s). In this study, it is also shown that these two periods are dominant apparent periods representing interaction between tower, cable, and deck. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000018] C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 487 EP 510 DI 10.1193/1.4000018 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 104MG UT WOS:000315996900004 ER PT J AU Kitanishi, S Yamamoto, T Koizumi, I Dunham, JB Higashi, S AF Kitanishi, Shigeru Yamamoto, Toshiaki Koizumi, Itsuro Dunham, Jason B. Higashi, Seigo TI Fine scale relationships between sex, life history, and dispersal of masu salmon SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Alternative strategy; gene flow; life-history polymorphism; microsatellite DNA; Oncorhynchus masou; sex-biased dispersal; spatial genetic structure ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; BIASED DISPERSAL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHINOOK SALMON; GENE FLOW; BODY-SIZE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; SOCKEYE-SALMON; F-STATISTICS AB Identifying the patterns and processes driving dispersal is critical for understanding population structure and dynamics. In many organisms, sex-biased dispersal is related to the type of mating system. Considerably, less is known about the influence of life-history variability on dispersal. Here we investigated patterns of dispersal in masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) to evaluate influences of sex and life history on dispersal. As expected, assignment tests and isolation by distance analysis revealed that dispersal of marine-migratory masu salmon was male-biased. However, dispersal of resident and migratory males did not follow our expectation and marine-migratory individuals dispersed more than residents. This may be because direct competition between marine-migratory and resident males is weak or that the cost of dispersal is smaller for marine-migratory individuals. This study revealed that both sex and migratory life-history influence patterns of dispersal at a local scale in masu salmon. C1 [Kitanishi, Shigeru] Ritsumeikan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Kusatsu, Shiga 5258577, Japan. [Yamamoto, Toshiaki] Nippon Vet & Life Sci Univ, Dept Vet Nursing & Technol, Musashino, Tokyo 1808602, Japan. [Koizumi, Itsuro] Hokkaido Univ, Creat Res Inst, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010021, Japan. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Higashi, Seigo] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Kitanishi, S (reprint author), Ritsumeikan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Kusatsu, Shiga 5258577, Japan. EM kitanisi@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp RI Koizumi, Itsuro/D-4222-2009 NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 2 IS 5 BP 920 EP 929 DI 10.1002/ece3.228 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055WE UT WOS:000312447700005 PM 22837837 ER PT J AU Jones, MT Sievert, PR AF Jones, Michael T. Sievert, Paul R. TI ELEVATED MORTALITY OF HATCHLING BLANDING'S TURTLES (EMYDOIDEA BLANDINGII) IN RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPES SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blanding's Turtle; depredation; Eastern Chipmunk; Emydoidea blandingii; habitat fragmentation; mortality; Tamias striatus ID GLYPTEMYS-INSCULPTA; NESTING ECOLOGY; SEED REMOVAL; NOVA-SCOTIA; POPULATION; MOVEMENTS; CHIPMUNKS; BEHAVIOR; PREDATION; BIOLOGY AB We investigated the relationship between residential development and post-emergent mortality rate in 72 wild Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) at nine separate nesting areas in fragmented and residential landscapes in Massachusetts. Thirteen hatchlings (18%) died during the study, a higher rate than reported by a similar study on a former military base about 10 km away undertaken twelve years previous (0%). Within our study area, we found nests within residential landscapes to have higher mortality rates than nests in nonresidential landscapes. Most observed or inferred mortalities resulted from Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus) attacks. Cars, birds, and domestic horses caused the remaining mortalities. Chipmunks are abundant in eastern Massachusetts, especially in residential environments, and depredation of hatchling turtles by chipmunks and possibly other sciurids may be a locally important consideration when developing conservation and management plans for freshwater turtles in New England. Our study provides additional evidence that residential development may result in sink dynamics for freshwater turtles, in which females are attracted to anthropogenic nesting sites, but hatchlings sustain elevated mortality rates. C1 [Jones, Michael T.] Hampshire Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Jones, Michael T.; Sievert, Paul R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Jones, Michael T.; Sievert, Paul R.] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Jones, MT (reprint author), Hampshire Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mtjones@bio.umass.edu FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; New England Wetland Plants, Inc., of Amherst, Massachusetts; Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program FX We are indebted to Mark Grgurovic, Liz Willey, Brad Compton, Betty Mobbs, and Tom Jones for assistance in the field, and to several landowners in Groton and Littleton, Massachusetts, USA, who allowed evening property access. This project was supported by grants to Mike Jones from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (grant to Hampshire College) and New England Wetland Plants, Inc., of Amherst, Massachusetts, and to Paul Sievert by the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program. We obtained permission to handle and study Blanding's turtles from the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (letter of authorization from Assistant Director Thomas W. French dated 12 April 2001). The University of Massachusetts Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #21-02-08) approved our field methods. Charlene D'Avanzo, John Reid, Brian Schultz, Steve Roof, Liz Willey, Brad Compton, and Brian Butler provided extremely helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript, and Liz Willey provided statistical advice early in the process. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 36 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 061KC UT WOS:000312845900011 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, WL AF Ellsworth, William L. TI Heavy Tails and Earthquake Probabilities SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HAZARD MAPS C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ellsworth, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ellsworth@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 83 IS 3 BP 483 EP 484 DI 10.1785/gssrl.83.3.483 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 048MI UT WOS:000311915200001 ER PT J AU Ringler, AT Gee, LS Marshall, B Hutt, CR Storm, T AF Ringler, A. T. Gee, L. S. Marshall, B. Hutt, C. R. Storm, T. TI Data Quality of Seismic Records from the Tohoku, Japan, Earthquake as Recorded across the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory Networks SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL SEISMOGRAPHIC NETWORK; CALIBRATION; INFORMATION; STATIONS; ERRORS C1 [Ringler, A. T.; Gee, L. S.; Hutt, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Marshall, B.; Storm, T.] Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ringler, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. EM aringler@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR-0552316] FX The GSN is a cooperative scientific facility operated jointly by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), the USGS, and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The facilities of the IRIS Data Management System (DMS) were used for access to waveform and metadata required in this study. The facilities of the IRIS Consortium are supported by the NSF under Cooperative Agreement EAR-0552316. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 83 IS 3 BP 575 EP 584 DI 10.1785/gssrl.83.3.575 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 048MI UT WOS:000311915200011 ER PT J AU Strobele, F Staude, S Pfaff, K Premo, WR Hildebrandt, LH Baumann, A Pernicka, E Markl, G AF Stroebele, Florian Staude, Sebastian Pfaff, Katharina Premo, Wayne R. Hildebrandt, Ludwig H. Baumann, Albrecht Pernicka, Ernst Markl, Gregor TI Pb isotope constraints on fluid flow and mineralization processes in SW Germany SO NEUES JAHRBUCH FUR MINERALOGIE-ABHANDLUNGEN LA English DT Article DE Pb isotopes; Schwarzwald; Wiesloch; hydrothermal deposit ID SCHWARZWALD ORE DISTRICT; MANTLE LEAD TRANSFER; BLACK-FOREST; BASEMENT ROCKS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN GERMANY; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CENTRAL-EUROPE; VARISCAN BELT; RHINE GRABEN AB Southwest Germany hosts a variety of Permian to Cenozoic hydrothermal mineralizations of different types. Veins are most abundant, but also Mississippi-Valley type and other stratabound mineralizations are present. This contribution presents a set of Pb isotope data for ore minerals from these mineralizations as well as isotope data of possible source rocks for the Pb. We show that lead isotope ratios of the mineralizations depend on the source rocks, the age of a given mineralization and its tectonic setting. For example, Pb isotope ratios of Jurassic mineralizations show a trend to higher isotope ratios towards the south. The reason for this might be the higher exhumation rate in the southern Schwarzwald that exposes deeper crustal levels. There, the influence of radiogenic lead derived from the basement is higher during mineralization and thus, the isotope ratios rise towards the south. Interestingly, Pb isotopes of mineralizations from the Central Schwarzwald Gneiss Complex and the Southern Schwarzwald Gneiss Complex, two different crustal blocks with a large oceanic suture in between, have significantly different Pb isotope systematics. This fact is explained by the different ages and tectonic origin of the protoliths of the two blocks. C1 [Stroebele, Florian] Romisch German Zent Museum, D-55116 Mainz, Germany. [Staude, Sebastian; Markl, Gregor] Univ Tubingen, Inst Geowissensch, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Pfaff, Katharina] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Premo, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hildebrandt, Ludwig H.] Buro Denkmalpflege & Umweltschutz, D-69168 Wiesloch, Germany. [Baumann, Albrecht] Univ Munster, Inst Mineral, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Pernicka, Ernst] Univ Tubingen, Inst Geowissensch, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany. RP Strobele, F (reprint author), Romisch German Zent Museum, Ernst Ludwig Pl 2, D-55116 Mainz, Germany. EM stroebele@rgzm.de; kpfaff@mines.edu; wpremo@usgs.gov; ludwig.hildebrandt@online.de; albrecht.baumann@gmx.de; ernst.pernicka@uni-tuebingen.de; markl@uni-tuebingen.de FU Promotions-verbund "Romischer bis neuzeitlicher Bergbau in Wiesloch (Baden) aus lagerstattenkundlicher, historischer und archaologischer Sicht" of the University of Tubingen; Wilhelm-Schuler Stiftung; USGS in Denver; Alfried-Krupp-Forderpreis fur junge Hochschullehrer FX We are grateful to ANDREAS HAUPTMANN (Deutsches Bergbaumuseum, Bochum), the department of Mineralogy at the University Munster and WOLFGANG UFRECHT (Amt fur Umweltschutz Stuttgart) for the donation of sample material. The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (Bundesanstalt fur Geologie und Rohstoffe) Hannover, GEORG WITTMER, ADAM SEIGFRIED, and the University of Heidelberg are also thanked for sample material. The Heidelberg Zement AG (DR. SCHNEIDER), and the Hessler quarry (PETER GRAMESPACHER) are thanked for access to their quarries and their support. Thanks to Dr. MANFRED MARTIN (LGRB) for the insight he provided to the LGRB database on background lead contents. Special thanks go to MICHAEL BRAUNS, who conducted the lead isotope analyses at the Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum fur Archaometrie, Mannheim. WOLFGANG SIEBEL, THOMAS WENZEL and UDO NEUMANN are thanked for their helpful discussions. This study was funded by the Promotions-verbund "Romischer bis neuzeitlicher Bergbau in Wiesloch (Baden) aus lagerstattenkundlicher, historischer und archaologischer Sicht" of the University of Tubingen, the Wilhelm-Schuler Stiftung (travel grant to the USGS in Denver to KATHARINA PFAFF) and the Alfried-Krupp-Forderpreis fur junge Hochschullehrer to GREGOR MARKL. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers, whose critical and constructive comments improved this work significantly. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0077-7757 J9 NEUES JB MINER ABH JI Neues Jahrb. Mineral.-Abh. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 189 IS 3 BP 287 EP 309 DI 10.1127/0077-7757/2012/0225 PG 23 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 005IQ UT WOS:000308744500004 ER PT J AU Farrell, KM Harris, WB Mallinson, DJ Culver, SJ Riggs, SR Pierson, J Self-Trail, JM Lautier, JC AF Farrell, Kathleen M. Harris, W. Burleigh Mallinson, David J. Culver, Stephen J. Riggs, Stanley R. Pierson, Jessica Self-Trail, Jean M. Lautier, Jeff C. TI STANDARDIZING TEXTURE AND FACIES CODES FOR A PROCESS-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF CLASTIC SEDIMENT AND ROCK SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID QUATERNARY PALEOENVIRONMENTS; MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL RECORD; ALBEMARLE EMBAYMENT; NORTH-CAROLINA; DIAMICTITE; CARBONATE; USA AB Proposed here is a universally applicable, texturally based classification of elastic sediment that is independent from composition, cementation, and geologic environment, is closely allied to process sedimentology, and applies to all compartments in the source-to-sink system. The classification is contingent on defining the term "clastic" so that it is independent from composition or origin and includes any particles or grains that are subject to erosion, transportation, and deposition. Modifications to Folk's (1980) texturally based classification that include applying new assumptions and defining a broader array of textural fields are proposed to accommodate this. The revised ternary diagrams include additional textural fields that better define poorly sorted and coarse-grained deposits, so that all end members (gravel, sand, and mud size fractions) are included in textural codes. Revised textural fields, or classes, are based on a strict adherence to volumetric estimates of percentages of gravel, sand, and mud size grain populations, which by definition must sum to 100%. The new classification ensures that descriptors are applied consistently to all end members in the ternary diagram (gravel, sand, and mud) according to several rules, and that none of the end members are ignored. These modifications provide bases for standardizing vertical displays of texture in graphic logs, lithofacies codes, and their derivatives-hydrofacies. Hydrofacies codes are nondirectional permeability indicators that predict aquifer or reservoir potential. Folk's (1980) ternary diagram for fine-grained elastic sediments (sand, silt, and clay size fractions) is also revised to preserve consistency with the revised diagram for gravel, sand, and mud. Standardizing texture ensures that the principles of process sedimentology are consistently applied to compositionally variable rock sequences, such as mixed carbonate-siliciclastic ramp settings, and the extreme ends of depositional systems. C1 [Farrell, Kathleen M.; Pierson, Jessica] N Carolina Geol Survey, Raleigh Field Off, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Farrell, Kathleen M.; Pierson, Jessica] N Carolina Geol Survey, Core Repository, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Harris, W. Burleigh] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Geol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Mallinson, David J.; Culver, Stephen J.; Riggs, Stanley R.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Self-Trail, Jean M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lautier, Jeff C.] N Carolina Div Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Farrell, KM (reprint author), N Carolina Geol Survey, Raleigh Field Off, 1620 Mail Serv Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. EM Kathleen.Farrell@ncdenr.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [C9-999465701-0, C9-99465703-0, C9-99465708-0]; NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources [C9-999465701-0, C9-99465703-0, C9-99465708-0]; U.S. Geological Survey cooperative agreement awards [02ERAG0044, 02ERAG0050, 02ERAG0015, 06ERAG0027] FX We thank James D. Simons, State Geologist, and Dr. Kenneth B. Taylor, Assistant State Geologist and Chief of the North Carolina Geological Survey, for supporting interdisciplinary, interagency research. Research was funded by several Nonpoint Source Section 319(h) Cooperative Agreement Awards (C9-999465701-0, C9-99465703-0), and C9-99465708-0) between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Other support came from U.S. Geological Survey cooperative agreement awards 02ERAG0044, 02ERAG0050, 02ERAG0015. and 06ERAG0027. We gratefully acknowledge this support, and respectfully honor the late Dr. H.E. (Ted) Mew, Jr., of the NC Division of Water Quality, who initiated this integrated research in his quest to understand dynamic stratigraphy and its control on the shallow aquifer system. Robert L. Folk, Marc Hendrix, Kathleen Bennison, Gregory S. Gohn, and Wilma Aleman Gonzalez provided critical reviews of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 82 IS 5-6 BP 364 EP 378 DI 10.2110/jsr.2012.30 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA 980EJ UT WOS:000306876100005 ER PT J AU Burger, J Niles, LJ Porter, RR Dey, AD Koch, S Gordon, C AF Burger, Joanna Niles, Lawrence J. Porter, Ronald R. Dey, Amanda D. Koch, Stephanie Gordon, Caleb TI MIGRATION AND OVER-WINTERING OF RED KNOTS (CALIDRIS CANUTUS RUFA) ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Calidris canutus; geolocator; habitat; migration; pathways; Red Knot; risk; stopovers; wintering areas ID DELAWARE BAY; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; POPULATION-SIZE; LESSER KESTRELS; BODY STORES; STOPOVER; GEOLOCATORS; MANAGEMENT; GROUNDS; ARRIVAL AB Surveys and banding records of Calidris canutus rufa indicate that Red Knots migrate mainly north and south through Massachusetts, Delaware Bay, and Virginia, and winter in Florida and South America. We fitted 40 adult Red Knots with geolocators at Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Massachusetts, during fall migration (2009), and in this paper report on the locations of migration and wintering along the Atlantic coast of the United States of eight recaptured knots. The knots' migration patterns varied: four birds wintered along the U.S. Atlantic coast, and the rest went to the Caribbean islands or the northern edge of South America. Knots spent 58 to 75 days in Monomoy Refuge before migrating south in November. Seven of the eight stopped along the U.S. Atlantic coast for relatively long periods. For the six with complete yearly cycles, the total time spent along the Atlantic coast averaged 218 days (range 121-269 days). All eight knots crossed the Atlantic outer continental shelf from two to six times. Areas of use were Monomoy, Long Island, New Jersey, Maryland, the Outer Banks of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida. These data indicate that Red Knots moving through Massachusetts in the fall had variable migration patterns, spent considerable periods of their life cycle along the Atlantic coast, and each knot followed a separate and distinct path, which suggests that knots can be at risk along the Atlantic coast for a substantial period of their life cycle. C1 [Burger, Joanna] Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Burger, Joanna; Niles, Lawrence J.] Conserve Wildlife, Greenwich, NJ 08323 USA. [Dey, Amanda D.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Endangered & Nongame Program, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Koch, Stephanie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. [Gordon, Caleb] Normandeau Associates, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, 604 Allison Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM burger@biology.rutgers.edu FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement within the Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Normandeau Associates [M08PC20060]; Natural Land Trust of New Jersey; Rutgers University; Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey FX This study was funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (formerly Mineral Management Service) within the Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Normandeau Associates (formerly Pandion Systems, M08PC20060), Natural Land Trust of New Jersey, Rutgers University, and the Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey. We are grateful to the many people who helped us trap Red Knots each year, and to the agencies that granted us access to land, including the National Park Service and the town of Chatham, Massachusetts. We especially thank J. R. Jehl Jr. for his insightful review of the manuscript, Jeannine Parvin, the administrator of the Red Knot data base (www.bandedbirds.org), for her comments on the manuscript and data on the marked knots, and the shorebird-resighting organizations that contribute to this database, including Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey, Endangered and Nongame Species Program of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program of the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, New Jersey Audubon Society, Virginia Center for Conservation Biology, Northeastern Florida/Southern Georgia Resighting Project, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. We also thank Kate Iaquinto and Matt Boarman of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Brian Harrington of the Manomet Center for Conservation Science for their help during this work and Jorge Saliva for his assistance in the translation of the abstract into Spanish. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 46 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2012 VL 114 IS 2 BP 302 EP 313 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110077 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 955TE UT WOS:000305043000007 ER PT J AU Sohl, TL Sleeter, BM Zhu, ZL Sayler, KL Bennett, S Bouchard, M Reker, R Hawbaker, T Wein, A Liu, SG Kanengieter, R Acevedo, W AF Sohl, Terry L. Sleeter, Benjamin M. Zhu, Zhiliang Sayler, Kristi L. Bennett, Stacie Bouchard, Michelle Reker, Ryan Hawbaker, Todd Wein, Anne Liu, Shuguang Kanengieter, Ronald Acevedo, William TI A land-use and land-cover modeling strategy to support a national assessment of carbon stocks and fluxes SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Land use; Land cover; Model; Scenario; Carbon ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL CARBON; SEQUESTRATION; DYNAMICS; MAPS; COMPLETION; MITIGATION; MANAGEMENT; DATABASE AB Changes in land use, land cover, disturbance regimes, and land management have considerable influence on carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes within ecosystems. Through targeted land-use and land-management activities, ecosystems can be managed to enhance carbon sequestration and mitigate fluxes of other GHGs. National-scale, comprehensive analyses of carbon sequestration potential by ecosystem are needed, with a consistent, nationally applicable land-use and land-cover (LULC) modeling framework a key component of such analyses. The U.S. Geological Survey has initiated a project to analyze current and projected future GHG fluxes by ecosystem and quantify potential mitigation strategies. We have developed a unique LULC modeling framework to support this work. Downscaled scenarios consistent with IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) were constructed for U.S. ecoregions, and the FORE-SCE model was used to spatially map the scenarios. Results for a prototype demonstrate our ability to model LULC change and inform a biogeochemical modeling framework for analysis of subsequent GHG fluxes. The methodology was then successfully used to model LULC change for four IPCC SRES scenarios for an ecoregion in the Great Plains. The scenario-based LULC projections are now being used to analyze potential GHG impacts of LULC change across the U.S. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sohl, Terry L.; Sayler, Kristi L.; Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Wein, Anne; Acevedo, William] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bennett, Stacie; Kanengieter, Ronald] SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Bouchard, Michelle; Reker, Ryan] ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hawbaker, Todd] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Sohl, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sohl@usgs.gov RI Reker, Ryan/G-4875-2016; OI Reker, Ryan/0000-0001-7524-0082; Bouchard, Michelle/0000-0002-6353-3491; Sayler, Kristi/0000-0003-2514-242X; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 NR 46 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 34 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.10.019 PG 14 WC Geography SC Geography GA 971JE UT WOS:000306199400012 ER PT J AU Norman, LM Villarreal, ML Lara-Valencia, F Yuan, YP Nie, WM Wilson, S Amaya, G Sleeter, R AF Norman, Laura M. Villarreal, Miguel L. Lara-Valencia, Francisco Yuan, Yongping Nie, Wenming Wilson, Sylvia Amaya, Gladys Sleeter, Rachel TI Mapping socio-environmentally vulnerable populations access and exposure to ecosystem services at the U.S.-Mexico borderlands SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Human well-being; Vulnerability; Sustainability; Equity; Environmental justice ID AMBOS-NOGALES; HEALTH; RESILIENCE; JUSTICE; SUSTAINABILITY; HAZARDS; EQUITY AB Socio-environmental vulnerable populations are often unrepresented in land-use planning yet have great potential for loss when exposed to changes in ecosystem services. Administrative boundaries, cultural differences, and language barriers increase the disassociation between land-use management and marginalized populations living in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. This paper describes the development of a Modified Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index (M-SEVI), using determinants from binational census and neighborhood data that describe levels of education, access to resources, migratory status, housing, and number of dependents, to provide a simplified snapshot of the region's populace that can be used in binational planning efforts. We apply this index at the SCW, located on the border between Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. For comparison, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool is concurrently applied to assess the provision of erosion- and flood control services over a 9-year period. We describe how this coupling of data can form the base for an ecosystem services assessment across political boundaries that can be used by land-use planners. Results reveal potential disparities in environmental risks and burdens throughout the binational watershed in residential districts surrounding and between urban centers. The M-SEVI can be used as an important first step in addressing environmental justice for binational decision-making. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Norman, Laura M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Villarreal, Miguel L.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lara-Valencia, Francisco] Arizona State Univ, Sch Transborder Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Yuan, Yongping; Nie, Wenming] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Wilson, Sylvia] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, Austin, TX USA. [Amaya, Gladys] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Sleeter, Rachel] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Norman, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 102K, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lnorman@usgs.gov; miguel@email.arizona.edu; fcolara@asu.edu; yuan.yongping@epa.gov; Nie.Wenming@epamail.epa.gov; snwilson@usgs.gov; gladysa@email.arizona.edu; rsleeter@usgs.gov OI Villarreal, Miguel/0000-0003-0720-1422 NR 80 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 34 BP 413 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.01.006 PG 12 WC Geography SC Geography GA 971JE UT WOS:000306199400041 ER PT J AU Faisal, M Shavalier, M Kim, RK Millard, EV Gunn, MR Winters, AD Schulz, CA Eissa, A Thomas, MV Wolgamood, M Whelan, GE Winton, J AF Faisal, Mohamed Shavalier, Megan Kim, Robert K. Millard, Elena V. Gunn, Michelle R. Winters, Andrew D. Schulz, Carolyn A. Eissa, Alaa Thomas, Michael V. Wolgamood, Martha Whelan, Gary E. Winton, James TI Spread of the Emerging Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Strain, Genotype IVb, in Michigan, USA SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE Michigan; viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus; Laurentian Great Lakes; emerging disease ID NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ESOX-MASQUINONGY MITCHILL; MYZOBDELLA-LUGUBRIS LEIDY; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; MARINE FISH; GLYCOPROTEIN GENE; RNA-SYNTHESIS AB In 2003, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) emerged in the Laurentian Great Lakes causing serious losses in a number of ecologically and recreationally important fish species. Within six years, despite concerted managerial preventive measures, the virus spread into the five Great Lakes and to a number of inland waterbodies. In response to this emerging threat, cooperative efforts between the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MI DNR), the Michigan State University Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (MSU-AAHL), and the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (USDA-APHIS) were focused on performing a series of general and VHSV-targeted surveillances to determine the extent of virus trafficking in the State of Michigan. Herein we describe six years (2005-2010) of testing, covering hundreds of sites throughout Michigan's Upper and Lower Peninsulas. A total of 96,228 fish representing 73 species were checked for lesions suggestive of VHSV and their internal organs tested for the presence of VHSV using susceptible cell lines. Of the 1,823 cases tested, 30 cases from 19 fish species tested positive for VHSV by tissue culture and were confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gene sequence analyses of all VHSV isolates retrieved in Michigan demonstrated that they belong to the emerging sublineage "b" of the North American VHSV genotype IV. These findings underscore the complexity of VHSV ecology in the Great Lakes basin and the critical need for rigorous legislation and regulatory guidelines in order to reduce the virus spread within and outside of the Laurentian Great Lakes watershed. C1 [Faisal, Mohamed; Shavalier, Megan; Kim, Robert K.; Millard, Elena V.; Gunn, Michelle R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Faisal, Mohamed; Winters, Andrew D.; Schulz, Carolyn A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Eissa, Alaa] Cairo Univ, Dept Fish Dis & Management, Cairo, Egypt. [Thomas, Michael V.; Wolgamood, Martha; Whelan, Gary E.] State Michigan Govt, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Winton, James] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Faisal, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM faisal@cvm.msu.edu; shavali1@cvm.msu.edu; kimrober@cvm.msu.edu; millarde@cvm.msu.edu; gunnmich@cvm.msu.edu; winter28@msu.edu; schulzc2@msu.edu; aeissa2005@gmail.com; thomasm4@michigan.gov; wolgamoodm@michigan.gov; whelang@michigan.gov; jwinton@usgs.gov OI Eissa, Alaa Eldin/0000-0002-7042-8999 FU MI DNR [236100]; Great Lakes Fishery Trust [08WRGR0006]; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [10-9100-1293-GR, 235022] FX The authors would like to thank the technicians and biologists of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MI DNR) who collected the fish used in the analysis and designed efficient surveillance strategies. We are very indebted to the efforts of the current and previous employees of Michigan State University Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory for their excellent help in tissue processing, cell line maintenance, and virus isolation. Funds for this study were provided by MI DNR (Grant#: 236100), the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (Grant#: 08WRGR0006), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (Grant#s: 10-9100-1293-GR & 235022). NR 67 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 22 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD MAY PY 2012 VL 4 IS 5 BP 734 EP 760 DI 10.3390/v4050734 PG 27 WC Virology SC Virology GA 965XT UT WOS:000305801700006 PM 22754647 ER PT J AU Wylie, BK Boyte, SP Major, DJ AF Wylie, Bruce K. Boyte, Stephen P. Major, Donald J. TI Ecosystem Performance Monitoring of Rangelands by Integrating Modeling and Remote Sensing SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; ecological model; Great Basin; NDVI; sagebrush steppe; site potential ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; GREAT-BASIN; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; SATELLITE DATA; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; MANAGEMENT; REGRESSION; CLIMATE; PLAINS AB Monitoring rangeland ecosystem dynamics, production, and performance is valuable for researchers and land managers. However, ecosystem monitoring studies can be difficult to interpret and apply appropriately if management decisions and disturbances are inseparable from the ecosystem's climate signal. This study separates seasonal weather influences from influences caused by disturbances and management decisions, making interannual time-series analysis more consistent and interpretable. We compared the actual ecosystem performance (AEP) of five rangeland vegetation types in the Owyhee Uplands for 9 yr to their expected ecosystem performance (EEP). Integrated growing season Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data for each of the nine growing seasons served as a proxy for annual AEP. Regression-tree models used long-term site potential, seasonal weather, and land cover data sets to generate annual EEP, an estimate of ecosystem performance incorporating annual weather variations. The difference between AEP and EEP provided a performance measure for each pixel in the study area. Ecosystem performance anomalies occurred when the ecosystem performed significantly better or worse than the model predicted. About 14% of the Owyhee Uplands showed a trend of significant underperformance or overperformance (P < 0.10). Land managers can use results from weather-based rangeland ecosystem performance models to help support adaptive management strategies. C1 [Boyte, Stephen P.] Stinger Gbaffarian Technologies Inc, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Major, Donald J.] Great Basin Restorat Initiat, Bur Land Management, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Wylie, BK (reprint author), Stinger Gbaffarian Technologies Inc, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM wylie@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Boyte, Stephen/0000-0002-5462-3225 FU Bureau of Land Management; USGS Climate Effects Network, Global Climate Change Research and Development; USGS [G10PC00044] FX Research was funded by the Bureau of Land Management, USGS Climate Effects Network, Global Climate Change Research and Development, and USGS Land Remote Sensing. Work was performed under USGS contract G10PC00044 (Boyte). NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 65 IS 3 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00058.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957YV UT WOS:000305203900004 ER PT J AU Burnett, K D'Evelyn, S Loope, L Wada, CA AF Burnett, Kimberly D'Evelyn, Sean Loope, Lloyd Wada, Christopher A. TI An economic approach to assessing import policies designed to prevent the arrival of invasive species: the case of Puccinia psidii in Hawai'i SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE Puccinia psidii; Invasive species management; Benefit-cost analysis; Import policy; Myrtaceae; '(o)over-barhi'a rust ID EUCALYPTUS RUST; THREAT; ENVIRONMENT; DISEASE AB Since its first documented introduction to Hawai'i in 2005, the rust fungus Puccinia psidii has already severely damaged Syzygium jambos (Indian rose apple) trees and the federally endangered Eugenia koolauensis (nioi). Fortunately, the particular strain has yet to cause serious damage to Metrosideros polymorpha ('(o) over bar hi'a), which comprises roughly 80% of the state's native forests and covers 400,000 ha. Although the rust has affected less than 5% of Hawaii's '(o) over bar hi'a trees thus far, the introduction of more virulent strains and the genetic evolution of the current strain are still possible. Since the primary pathway of introduction is Myrtaceae plant material imported from outside the state, potential damage to '(o) over bar hi'a can be minimized by regulating those high-risk imports. We discuss the economic impact on the state's florist, nursery, landscaping, and forest plantation industries of a proposed rule that would ban the import of non-seed Myrtaceae plant material and require a 1-year quarantine of seeds. Our analysis suggests that the benefits to the forest plantation industry of a complete ban on non-seed material would likely outweigh the costs to other affected sectors, even without considering the reduction in risk to '(o) over bar hi'a. Incorporating the value of '(o) over bar hi'a protection would further increase the benefit-cost ratio in favor of an import ban. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Burnett, Kimberly; Wada, Christopher A.] Univ Hawaii, Econ Res Org, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Loope, Lloyd] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [D'Evelyn, Sean] Loyola Marymount Univ, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. RP Wada, CA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Econ Res Org, 2424 Maile Way,Saunders Hall 540, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM cawada@hawaii.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 19-20 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2012.03.006 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953UA UT WOS:000304897500014 ER PT J AU Henkel, JR Jones, KL Hereford, SG Savoie, ML Leibo, SP Howard, JJ AF Henkel, Jessica R. Jones, Kenneth L. Hereford, Scott G. Savoie, Megan L. Leibo, S. P. Howard, Jerome J. TI Integrating microsatellite and pedigree analyses to facilitate the captive management of the endangered Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grus canadensis pulla; founder relatedness; studbooks ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; ESTIMATING RELATEDNESS; PAIRWISE RELATEDNESS; POPULATIONS; DNA; INDIVIDUALS; PROGRAMS; MARKERS; KINSHIP; GRUIDAE AB The minimization of kinship in captive populations is usually achieved through the use of pedigree information. However, pedigree knowledge alone is not sufficient if pedigree information is missing, questionable, or when the founders of the captive population are related to one another. If this is the case, higher levels of inbreeding and lower levels of genetic diversity may be present in a captive population than those calculated by pedigree analyses alone. In this study, the genetic status of the critically endangered Mississippi sandhill crane (MSC) (Grus canadensis pulla) was analyzed using studbook data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service managed captive breeding program as well as microsatellite DNA data. These analyses provided information on shared founder genotypes, allowing for refined analysis of genetic variation in the population, and the development of a new DNA-based studbook pedigree that will assist in the genetic management of the MSC population. Zoo Biol 31:322335, 2012. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Henkel, Jessica R.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Henkel, Jessica R.; Leibo, S. P.; Howard, Jerome J.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Jones, Kenneth L.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Genom Facil, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jones, Kenneth L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hereford, Scott G.] Mississippi Sandhill Crane Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gautier, MS USA. [Savoie, Megan L.; Leibo, S. P.] Audubon Inst Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Henkel, JR (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM jhenkel@tulane.edu FU University of New Orleans; Louisiana State University; Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species FX Grant sponsor: University of New Orleans, Louisiana State University, The Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species.; We thank the many people and institutions that supported this work: Dr. Betsy Dresser of the Audubon Center for Research on Endangered Species and Lauren Billodeaux from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 322 EP 335 DI 10.1002/zoo.20399 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 957TT UT WOS:000305186800004 PM 21604289 ER PT J AU Malanson, GP Bengtson, LE Fagre, DB AF Malanson, George P. Bengtson, Lindsey E. Fagre, Daniel B. TI Geomorphic Determinants of Species Composition of Alpine Tundra, Glacier National Park, U.S.A. SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT-DISTRIBUTION; WARMING EXPERIMENT; VASCULAR PLANTS; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; TEMPERATURE; ELEVATION; COMMUNITY; NITROGEN AB Because the distribution of alpine tundra is associated with spatially limited cold climates, global warming may threaten its local extent or existence. This notion has been challenged, however, based on observations of the diversity of alpine tundra in small areas primarily due to topographic variation. The importance of diversity in temperature or moisture conditions caused by topographic variation is an open question, and we extend this to geomorphology more generally. The extent to which geomorphic variation per se, based on relatively easily assessed indicators, can account for the variation in alpine tundra community composition is analyzed versus the inclusion of broad indicators of regional climate variation. Visual assessments of topography are quantified and reduced using principal components analysis (PCA). Observations of species cover are reduced using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). A "best subsets" regression approach using the Akaike Information Criterion for selection of variables is compared to a simple stepwise regression with DCA scores as the dependent variable and scores on significant PCA axes plus more direct measures of topography as independent variables. Models with geographic coordinates (representing regional climate gradients) excluded explain almost as much variation in community composition as models with them included, although they are important contributors to the latter. The geomorphic variables in the model are those associated with local moisture differences such as snowbeds. The potential local variability of alpine tundra can be a buffer against climate change, but change in precipitation may be as important as change in temperature. C1 [Malanson, George P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Bengtson, Lindsey E.; Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Malanson, GP (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM george-malanson@uiowa.edu FU University of Iowa Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; U.S. Geological Survey Park-Oriented Biological Support; NSF [BCS-1121305] FX This research was supported by a seed grant from the University of Iowa Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research to Malanson, by a U.S. Geological Survey Park-Oriented Biological Support grant to Fagre, and by NSF award BCS-1121305. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is a contribution from the Mountain GeoDynamics Research Group. NR 78 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 36 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 44 IS 2 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-44.2.197 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 951MA UT WOS:000304723500005 ER PT J AU Pagano, AM Durner, GM Amstrup, SC Simac, KS York, GS AF Pagano, A. M. Durner, G. M. Amstrup, S. C. Simac, K. S. York, G. S. TI Long-distance swimming by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea during years of extensive open water SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE polar bear; Ursus maritimus; sea ice; climate change; telemetry; swimming; behaviour; Beaufort Sea ID RINGED SEALS; HABITAT SELECTION; PHOCA-HISPIDA; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; ICE CONDITIONS; MELT SEASON; HUDSON-BAY; PREDATION; CLIMATE; POPULATIONS AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) depend on sea ice for catching marine mammal prey. Recent sea-ice declines have been linked to reductions in body condition, survival, and population size. Reduced foraging opportunity is hypothesized to be the primary cause of sea-ice-linked declines, but the costs of travel through a deteriorated sea-ice environment also may be a factor. We used movement data from 52 adult female polar bears wearing Global Positioning System (GPS) collars, including some with dependent young, to document long-distance swimming (>50 km) by polar bears in the southern Beaufort and Chukchi seas. During 6 years (2004-2009), we identified 50 long-distance swims by 20 bears. Swim duration and distance ranged from 0.7 to 9.7 days (mean = 3.4 days) and 53.7 to 687.1 km (mean = 154.2 km), respectively. Frequency of swimming appeared to increase over the course of the study. We show that adult female polar bears and their cubs are capable of swimming long distances during periods when extensive areas of open water are present. However, long-distance swimming appears to have higher energetic demands than moving over sea ice. Our observations suggest long-distance swimming is a behavioral response to declining summer sea-ice conditions. C1 [Pagano, A. M.; Durner, G. M.; Amstrup, S. C.; Simac, K. S.; York, G. S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Pagano, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM apagano@usgs.gov OI Pagano, Anthony/0000-0003-2176-0909 FU US Geological Survey (USGS); National Science Foundation [OPP 0732713]; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management FX Primary funding for this research was provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS), Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Additional support was provided through a National Science Foundation grant (OPP 0732713) to the University of Wyoming, and by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management. Captures of polar bear were made possible under US Fish and Wildlife marine mammal research permit 690038 granted to the USGS, Alaska Science Center. Capture procedures were conducted under the approval of the Alaska Science Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocols (assurance no. 2010-3). We thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management for logistical support. We thank M. Lockhart and E. Regehr for assistance in the field. The following individuals are recognized for valuable input on earlier versions of the manuscript: C. Amundson, T. DeGange, D. Douglas, K. Oakley, L. Peacock, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 67 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 151 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 90 IS 5 BP 663 EP 676 DI 10.1139/Z2012-033 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 951PR UT WOS:000304733000013 ER PT J AU Dudley, JG Saab, VA Hollenbeck, JP AF Dudley, Jonathan G. Saab, Victoria A. Hollenbeck, Jeffrey P. TI FORAGING-HABITAT SELECTION OF BLACK-BACKED WOODPECKERS IN FOREST BURNS OF SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Black-backed Woodpecker; foraging habitat selection; Idaho; Picoides arcticus; remote sensing; resource-selection probability function; wildfire ID EASTERN BOREAL FOREST; BARK BEETLES; 3-TOED WOODPECKERS; PICOIDES-ARCTICUS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; CONIFER FORESTS; HOME-RANGE; PINE; ECOLOGY; FIRE AB We examined foraging-habitat selection of Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) in burned forests of southwestern Idaho during 2000 and 2002 (6 and 8 years following wildfire). This woodpecker responds positively to large-scale fire disturbances and may be at risk from logging and post-fire management. With 100 radio-locations of four adult males, we used resource-selection probability functions in logistic form in an information-theoretic framework to model the Black-backed Woodpecker's selection of foraging habitat at fine and coarse spatial scales. Fine-scale data included characteristics of the foraging tree (tree level) and local habitat surrounding foraging trees (plot level, 0.04 ha), whereas coarse-scale data (224-778 ha) included patch characteristics within home ranges. Model selection by Akaike's information criterion identified a multi-scale model containing tree- and plot-level covariates, and their interaction, as the best model to characterize foraging trees. The positive effect of interaction between foraging-tree diameter and plot-level tree density suggested that foraging Black-backed Woodpeckers select both patches with dense trees and larger-diameter trees. Fire severity was not important, possibly because of the time since fire and the birds' habit of foraging on recently dead trees in adjacent unburned forests. Salvage logging that retains large-diameter trees in clumped distributions is most likely to provide long-term foraging habitat for Black-backed Woodpeckers in dry coniferous forests of the interior western U.S. Following wildfire, conservation of forest patches containing weakened trees may extend the suitability of habitat for foraging Black-backed Woodpeckers by up to 8 years. C1 [Dudley, Jonathan G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Saab, Victoria A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hollenbeck, Jeffrey P.] USGS Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dudley, JG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jdudley@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; Boise National Forest; National Fire Plan; Joint Fire Science Program; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Golden Eagle Audubon Society FX This research was supported primarily by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and Boise National Forest, with additional funding provided by the National Fire Plan, Joint Fire Science Program, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Golden Eagle Audubon Society. We thank Joshua Schmidt, Rodney Siegel, L. Scott Baggett, and two anonymous referees for critical reviews and contributions to the manuscript. We are grateful to Susan Cooper and Shawn Carney for field assistance. NR 74 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 46 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2012 VL 114 IS 2 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110020 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 955TE UT WOS:000305043000012 ER PT J AU Poirier, RK Cronin, TM Briggs, WM Lockwood, R AF Poirier, Robert K. Cronin, Thomas M. Briggs, William M., Jr. Lockwood, Rowan TI Central Arctic paleoceanography for the last 50 kyr based on ostracode faunal assemblages SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; Ostracode; Paleoceanography; Paleoclimatology; Dansgaard-Oeschger; Heinrich; Age models; MIS 1; MIS 2; MIS 3 ID POLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; GLACIAL PERIOD; SEA-ICE; QUATERNARY PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; LATE PLEISTOCENE; EURASIAN BASIN; OCEAN SURFACE; DEEP WATERS; HISTORY AB The paleoceanography of the central Arctic Ocean was reconstructed for the last 50 kyr (Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1-3) based on ostracode assemblages from 21 C-14-dated sediment cores from the Mendeleev, Lomonosov, and Gakkel Ridges. Arctic sediments deposited during the Holocene interglacial period (MIS 1), the Bolling-Allered, and larger interstadial Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events (3-4, 8, and 12) contain abundant Cytheropteron spp., Henryhowella asperrima, and Krithe spp. at intermediate/deep-depths (similar to 1000 to 3000 m). These assemblages suggest a ventilated deep, Arctic Ocean water mass similar to the modern Arctic Ocean Deep Water (AODW) during these time periods. In contrast, sediment deposited during stadial events corresponding to Heinrich events 1, 2, 3, and 4, (also possibly the Younger Dryas; YD), contain abundant Polycope spp. (60-80%) suggesting a greater influence of the Atlantic Layer (AL) on the Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) and AODW. Reduced sea-ice during the early Holocene, the last deglacial, and MIS 3 interstadials is indicated by the reoccurrence of Acetabulastoma arcticum, an epipelagic species that is parasitic on sea-ice dwelling amphipods. One hypothesis to explain these oceanographic changes during longer stadial events, particularly within the last glacial period (MIS 2), involves sluggish ocean circulation, thicker sea-ice cover, and a deeper halocline with ocean exchange between Greenland Sea and Arctic Ocean deep-water through the Fram Strait. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Poirier, Robert K.; Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Briggs, William M., Jr.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lockwood, Rowan] Coll William & Mary, Dept Geol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Poirier, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS926A 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rkpoir@udel.edu FU USGS; National Science Foundation [OPP-9400255] FX Thanks to Dr. E. Brouwers, R. Kihl, C. Callicott, T. Nettleton, N. Seevers, and T. Ichinose for sample processing, to Dr. S. Holland (University of Georgia) who publicly provided his 95% confidence error bars program, to R. Marzen for Ocean Data View graphics help, and to M. Robinson, J. Self-Trail, J. Farmer, and two anonymous reviewers for useful comments. This work is funded by USGS Global Change Program; WMB Jr. was funded by National Science Foundation Grant OPP-9400255. NR 84 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 EI 1872-6186 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 88-89 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2012.03.004 PG 12 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 951UJ UT WOS:000304745200006 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Lee, M Wu, SG Yang, SX AF Wang, Xiujuan Lee, Myung Wu, Shiguo Yang, Shengxiong TI Identification of gas hydrate dissociation from wireline-log data in the Shenhu area, South China Sea SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS; SEISMIC ATTENUATION; WAVE VELOCITY; SATURATION; MARGIN; STABILITY; INVERSION; SLOPE; BRINE; CORE AB Wireline logs were acquired in eight wells during China's first Etas hydrate drilling expedition (GMGS-1) in April June of 2007. Well logs obtained from site SH3 indicated gas hydrate was present in the depth range of 195-206 in below seafloor with a maximum pore-space gas hydrate saturation, calculated from pore water freshening, of about 26%. Assuming gas hydrate is uniformly distributed in the sediments, resistivity calculations using Archie's equation yielded hydrate-saturation trends similar to those from chloride concentrations. However, the measured compressional (P-wave) velocities decreased sharply at the depth between 194 and 199 mbsf, dropping as low as 1.3 km/s, indicating the presence of free gas in the pore space, possibly caused by the dissociation of gas hydrate during drilling. Because surface seismic data acquired prior to drilling were not influenced by the in situ gas hydrate dissociation, surface seismic data could be used to identify the cause of the low P-wave velocity observed in the well log. To determine whether the low well-log P-wave velocity was caused by in situ free gas or by gas hydrate dissociation, synthetic seismograms were generated using the measured well-log P-wave velocity along with velocities calculated assuming both gas hydrate and free gas in the pore space. Comparing the surface seismic data with various synthetic seismograms suggested that low P-wave velocities were likely caused by the dissociation of in situ gas hydrate during drilling. C1 [Wang, Xiujuan; Wu, Shiguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Marine Geol & Environm, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Lee, Myung] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Yang, Shengxiong] MLR, Guangzhou Marine Geol Survey, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Marine Geol & Environm, Qingdao, Peoples R China. EM wangxiujuan@qdio.ac.cn; mlee@usgs.gov; swu@qdio.ac.cn; yangshengxiong@gmgs.com FU CAS [KZCX2-YW-229]; National Basic Research Program [2009CB219505] FX We would like to thank the science team of the gas hydrate program expedition Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey-1 (GMGS-1). We would also like to thank William Waite of the U.S. Geological Survey for many positive and helpful suggestions. We also thank Ingo Pecher, an anonymous reviewer, and the editor from Geophysics for their thorough reviews and constructive comments. We are grateful to Huaning Xu of Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey for discussing seismic processing. Our research is supported by the CAS Knowledge Innovation Program (KZCX2-YW-229), the National Basic Research Program (2009CB219505) NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 77 IS 3 BP B125 EP B134 DI 10.1190/GEO2011-0324.1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 949OB UT WOS:000304584400005 ER PT J AU Bromage, E Ramirez-Gomez, F Greene, W Rego, K Hansen, J Boardman, T Dupras, D AF Bromage, Erin Ramirez-Gomez, Francisco Greene, Whitney Rego, Katherine Hansen, John Boardman, Timothy Dupras, Danielle TI Secretory IgD has an evolutionarily conserved role in respiratory mucosal defense SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 04-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunol C1 [Bromage, Erin; Ramirez-Gomez, Francisco; Greene, Whitney; Rego, Katherine; Boardman, Timothy; Dupras, Danielle] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA USA. [Hansen, John] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, USGS, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 188 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 950OX UT WOS:000304659701480 ER PT J AU Bromage, E Rego, K Ramirez-Gomez, F Hansen, J AF Bromage, Erin Rego, Kate Ramirez-Gomez, Francisco Hansen, John TI The identification and expression of a new light chain isotype, Ig lambda, in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 04-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunol C1 [Bromage, Erin; Rego, Kate; Ramirez-Gomez, Francisco] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA USA. [Hansen, John] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, USGS, Seatlle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 188 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 950OX UT WOS:000304659701481 ER PT J AU Chilson, PB Frick, WF Kelly, JF Howard, KW Larkin, RP Diehl, RH Westbrook, JK Kelly, TA Kunz, TH AF Chilson, Phillip B. Frick, Winifred F. Kelly, Jeffrey F. Howard, Kenneth W. Larkin, Ronald P. Diehl, Robert H. Westbrook, John K. Kelly, T. Adam Kunz, Thomas H. TI PARTLY CLOUDY WITH A CHANCE OF MIGRATION Weather, Radars, and Aeroecology SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BAT TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; NOCTURNAL BIRD MIGRATION; FREE-TAILED BATS; DOPPLER RADAR; SURVEILLANCE RADAR; UNITED-STATES; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; POPULATION TRENDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ECONOMIC VALUE AB Radar observations provide a valuable means of investigating questions about ecology, abundance, and airborne movement of animals over large spatial and temporal domains, and play an important role in the transdisciplinary field of aeroecology. C1 [Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Frick, Winifred F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Howard, Kenneth W.] NOAA, Norman, OK USA. [Larkin, Ronald P.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Diehl, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Westbrook, John K.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. [Kelly, T. Adam] DeTect Inc, Panama City, FL USA. [Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Chilson, PB (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM chilson@ou.edu RI Kelly, Jeffrey/B-2029-2015 OI Kelly, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8255-7990 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory [NA08OAR4320904]; National Science Foundation [EIA-0326483, DBI-0905881, IOS-0541740, EPS-0919466]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0415, FA9550-10-1-0442] FX We are grateful to Kara Bolognini, Paul A. Heady III, Fanxing Kong, Benjamin J. O'Neal, Danny Scipion, and Ryan Shipley for their valuable assistance during the collection and processing of data presented in this paper. We also appreciate the value inputs provided by three anonymous reviewers. PBC was funded in part through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory Grant NA08OAR4320904. THK received support from the National Science Foundation (Grant EIA-0326483) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grants FA9550-09-1-0415, FA9550-10-1-0442). WFF was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant DBI-0905881. JFK was supported by National Science Foundation Grants IOS-0541740 and EPS-0919466. Steve Parker provided access to his property for operation of the NO-XP near Frio Cave. Bain Walker provided access to the Frio Cave property. NR 107 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 93 IS 5 BP 669 EP 686 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00099.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 946MA UT WOS:000304354500006 ER PT J AU Campbell, EW Adams, AAY Converse, SJ Fritts, TH Rodda, GH AF Campbell, Earl W., III Adams, Amy A. Yackel Converse, Sarah J. Fritts, Thomas H. Rodda, Gordon H. TI Do predators control prey species abundance? An experimental test with brown treesnakes on Guam SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bayesian model selection; binomial mixture model; Boiga irregularis; Carlia ailanpalai; Emoia caeruleocauda; geckos; Hemidactylus frenatus; Lepidodactylus lugubris; predation; removal experiment; skinks ID BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; SNAKE; POPULATIONS; COMPETITION; LIZARD; SURVIVAL; DENSITY AB The effect of predators on the abundance of prey species is a topic of ongoing debate in ecology; the effect of snake predators on their prey has been less debated, as there exists a general consensus that snakes do not negatively influence the abundance of their prey. However, this viewpoint has not been adequately tested. We quantified the effect of brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) predation on the abundance and size of lizards on Guam by contrasting lizards in two 1-ha treatment plots of secondary forest from which snakes had been removed and excluded vs. two 1-ha control plots in which snakes were monitored but not removed or excluded. We removed resident snakes from the treatment plots with snake traps and hand capture, and snake immigration into these plots was precluded by electrified snake barriers. Lizards were sampled in all plots quarterly for a year following snake elimination in the treatment plots. Following the completion of this experiment, we used total removal sampling to census lizards on a 100-m(2) subsample of each plot. Results of systematic lizard population monitoring before and after snake removal suggest that the abundance of the skink, Carlia ailanpalai, increased substantially and the abundance of two species of gekkonids, Lepidodactylus lugubris and Hemidactylus frenatus, also increased on snake-free plots. No treatment effect was observed for the skink Emoia caeruleocauda. Mean snout-vent length of all lizard species only increased following snake removal in the treatment plots. The general increase in prey density and mean size was unexpected in light of the literature consensus that snakes do not control the abundance of their prey species. Our findings show that, at least where alternate predators are lacking, snakes may indeed affect prey populations. C1 [Adams, Amy A. Yackel; Rodda, Gordon H.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Campbell, Earl W., III] Ohio Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Fritts, Thomas H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Adams, AAY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM yackela@usgs.gov OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 FU U.S. Departments of Defense and Interior FX We are indebted to Andersen Air Force Base for permission and assistance with conducting this research. In particular, we thank G. Beauprez, R. Blakely, G. Campbell, C. Clark, P. Fritts, J. Graham, H. Hirsh, K. King, S. Kot, T. Mabee, B. McCarthy, M. McCoid, M. Reid, R. Rondeau, T. Sharp, M. Timmerman, J. White, and D. Worthington for field assistance. R. Adams, B. Lardner, G. Perry, R. Reed, and J. Royle provided helpful commentary on this manuscript. We thank J. Royle and W. Link for assistance with the statistical models. J. Bart, T. Hetherington, T. Grubb, M. Masters, and graduate students in the Department of Zoology at Ohio State University provided commentary on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported by funding through the U.S. Departments of Defense and Interior. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2012 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1194 EP 1203 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946QK UT WOS:000304368100024 PM 22764505 ER PT J AU Miller, DAW AF Miller, David A. W. TI General methods for sensitivity analysis of equilibrium dynamics in patch occupancy models SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anaxyrus californicus; arroyo toad; discrete Markov chain; dynamic occupancy model; equilibrium dynamics; incidence function; metapopulation; multistate; sensitivity analysis; state space ID SPECIES OCCURRENCE DYNAMICS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; MARKOV-CHAIN; STATIONARY DISTRIBUTION; SUBTIDAL COMMUNITY; MULTIPLE STATES; PERTURBATION; SUCCESSION; HABITAT; UNCERTAINTY AB Sensitivity analysis is a useful tool for the study of ecological models that has many potential applications for patch occupancy modeling. Drawing from the rich foundation of existing methods for Markov chain models, I demonstrate new methods for sensitivity analysis of the equilibrium state dynamics of occupancy models. Estimates from three previous studies are used to illustrate the utility of the sensitivity calculations: a joint occupancy model for a prey species, its predators, and habitat used by both; occurrence dynamics from a well-known metapopulation study of three butterfly species; and Golden Eagle occupancy and reproductive dynamics. I show how to deal efficiently with multistate models and how to calculate sensitivities involving derived state variables and lower-level parameters. In addition, I extend methods to incorporate environmental variation by allowing for spatial and temporal variability in transition probabilities. The approach used here is concise and general and can fully account for environmental variability in transition parameters. The methods can be used to improve inferences in occupancy studies by quantifying the effects of underlying parameters, aiding prediction of future system states, and identifying priorities for sampling effort. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Miller, DAW (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM davidmiller@usgs.gov RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2012 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1204 EP 1213 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946QK UT WOS:000304368100025 PM 22764506 ER PT J AU Shoberg, T Stoddard, PR Finn, MP AF Shoberg, Tom Stoddard, Paul R. Finn, Michael P. TI Rejuvenating Pre-GPS Era Geophysical Surveys Using The National Map SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Geophysical surveys; Geospatial; LIDAR; GPS; The National Map; Coordinate accuracy; Elevation ID ACCURACY; ELEVATION AB Old geophysical surveys [pre-Global Positioning System (GPS)] stand as valuable, largely untapped sources of scientific data. If data from these surveys were in a format that had reasonable accuracy, availability, and ease of access, they could be more widely used. In this paper, a pre-GPS survey is integrated into a modern geographic database, in this case, The National Map (TNM). The ultimate goal is to improve the accuracy, precision, provenance, and ease of access of the geospatial components of archived geophysical data. An unique set of data sources was assembled for this purpose. A comparison of these different data sources indicates that more than 80% of stations were positioned on The National Map within 15 m (horizontal) and 2 m (vertical) of the GPS-derived coordinates for each station within the survey. Although online database coordinate accuracy continues to improve, these results imply that web databases have already matured to a point where it is possible to integrate pre-GPS era survey coordinate data with reasonable positional accuracy. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.19435428.0000068. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Shoberg, Tom] USGS, CEGIS, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Stoddard, Paul R.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Finn, Michael P.] USGS, CEGIS, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Shoberg, T (reprint author), USGS, CEGIS, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM tshoberg@usgs.gov; pstoddard@niu.edu; mfinn@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2012 VL 138 IS 2 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000068 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 943CV UT WOS:000304099000002 ER PT J AU Ribic, CA Sheavly, SB Rugg, DJ Erdmann, ES AF Ribic, Christine A. Sheavly, Seba B. Rugg, David J. Erdmann, Eric S. TI Trends in marine debris along the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai'i 1998-2007 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Marine debris; Monitoring; Pacific Coast; Hawaii; Upwelling; ENSO ID BEACH DEBRIS; PLASTIC DEBRIS; LITTER; ACCUMULATION; ISLANDS; AUSTRALIA AB We assessed amounts, composition, and trends of marine debris for the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai'i using National Marine Debris Monitoring Program data. Hawaii had the highest debris loads; the North Pacific Coast region had the lowest debris loads. The Southern California Bight region had the highest land-based debris loads. Debris loads decreased over time for all source categories in all regions except for land-based and general-source loads in the North Pacific Coast region, which were unchanged. General-source debris comprised 30-40% of the items in all regions. Larger local populations were associated with higher land-based debris loads across regions; the effect declined at higher population levels. Upwelling affected deposition of ocean-based and general-source debris loads but not land-based loads along the Pacific Coast. LNSO decreased debris loads for both land-based and ocean-based debris but not general-source debris in Hawai'i, a more complex climate-ocean effect than had previously been found. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol,Russell Labs 218, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sheavly, Seba B.] Sheavly Consultants, Virginia Beach, VA 23452 USA. [Rugg, David J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Ribic, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol,Russell Labs 218, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM caribic@wisc.edu; seba@sheavlyconsultants.com; drugg@fs.fed.us; e1erdmann@gmail.com OI Rugg, David/0000-0003-2280-8302 FU U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the Ocean Conservancy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Water through the Ocean Conservancy; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units FX This paper would not have been possible without the many volunteers and organizations which collected the data. In particular we thank the following for their efforts in carrying out monthly data collections over the course of the program: Judy Sahm, Hollister Ranch Owner's Association - Group Effort - We Care; Cynthia Ward, Vista De Las Cruces School; Lee Moldaver, Santa Barbara Audubon Society; Craig Rewell and Sarah Richmond, University of California, Santa Barbara; Dan Fontaine, Alex Kane and Alice Kinner, Isla Vista Surf Rider Foundation; Gary Brown, Raymond Hiemstra, Leslie Sorrells and Pam Dosch, Orange County Coastkeepers; Linda Blanchard and Annette Shoemaker, Orange County Maine Institute; Julie Foxhoven, Capistrano Beach Volunteers; Patrick Zabrocki, Surf Rider Foundation; Paul Chillar, Alex Foster and Sarah Witten, University of California, San Diego - Ocean Awareness Club; Rose Quinn and Brian Halvorsen, Torrey Pines Volunteers; Lisa Dieu, University of California, San Diego; Megan Pierson, David Henderson, South Beach State Park; Don Kennedy, Oregon State University; Margaret Kennedy, Dawn Edmison and Tom Forgatsch, Brandon High School-Key Club; Diane Mahoney, Harbor Lights Middle School; Albert Johnstone, Jann Luesse and Gary Montesano, CoastWatch; Duane Smith, Daniel Close, Karen Oeth, and Jordan Serin, California Conservation Corps; Chris Kent, Americorps; Matt Strickwerda, Jayna Schaaf and Mike Fleming, Humboldt State University - Marine Biology Club; Tony LaBanca, Friends of the Dunes; Brett Biebber, Sheli Silver, Jacques Drapeau, and Howie Schnabolk, Cadre of Corps; Michelle Meisner, Humboldt Bay Service Corps; Talena Dehmel, Humboldt State University - Oceanography Society; Ruby Herrick and Amy Smith, Stewards of Slavianka; Annie Cresswell, Keary and Sally Sorenson, Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods; Don Jolley, Bolinas School; Darren Fong, Golden Gate National Recreation Area; Ann Bauer; Graham Charles, Karen Taussig, Patrick Schmitz and Jacquie Hilterman, The Marine Mammal Center; John Kucera, June Langhoff and Susan Danielson, Save Our Shores; Wayne Johnson, Pescadero High School; A. J. Jordan, Monterey County Surfrider; Mardo and Ron Collins and Marty Renault, Point Lobos State Reserves; Fayalla Chapman, Morro Bay High School; Ann Kitajma, Morro Bay National Estuary Program; Captain Terry Rice, Captain Paula Carroll, Wayne Garcia and David Getchell, U.S. 14th Coast Guard District Office; Christine Woolaway, Marlu Oliphant-West, Save the Sea Turtles, Inc.; Katy Kok and Nancy Evans, Nani O'Wai'anae: Fred and Karen Dodge, Malama Makua'; Mike and Kay Tokunaga, Pearl Harbor Kiwanis; and Rebecca Hommon, CIV NAVREGHAWAII Counsel. We thank D. Beauchamp and an anonymous reviewer for comments on a previous draft of this manuscript. The U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Entanglement Research Program and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Water funded the workshops through the Center for Marine Conservation (now the Ocean Conservancy) that led to the development of the National Marine Debris Monitoring Program. The U.S. EPA Office of Water funded data collection through the Ocean Conservancy. The U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program funded the analysis of the data used in this paper. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement for use by the U.S. Government. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, for assistance with publication expenses. NR 53 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 69 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 64 IS 5 BP 994 EP 1004 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.008 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 946FZ UT WOS:000304338200028 PM 22385753 ER PT J AU Whitlock, C Dean, WE Fritz, SC Stevens, LR Stone, JR Power, MJ Rosenbaum, JR Pierce, KL Bracht-Flyr, BB AF Whitlock, Cathy Dean, Walter E. Fritz, Sherilyn C. Stevens, Lora R. Stone, Jeffery R. Power, Mitchell J. Rosenbaum, Joseph R. Pierce, Kenneth L. Bracht-Flyr, Brandi B. TI Holocene seasonal variability inferred from multiple proxy records from Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, USA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yellowstone National Park; Varved sediments; Holocene; Pollen; Charcoal; Diatoms; Inorganic geochemistry; Mineralogy; Isotope geochemistry; Summer-wet climate ID NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; HIGH-RESOLUTION RECORD; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GREATER YELLOWSTONE; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE-HISTORY; VEGETATION; AMERICA; ARIDITY AB A 9400-yr-old record from Crevice Lake, a semi-closed alkaline lake in northern Yellowstone National Park, was analyzed for pollen, charcoal, geochemistry, mineralogy, diatoms, and stable isotopes to develop a nuanced understanding of Holocene environmental history in a region of northern Rocky Mountains that receives both summer and winter precipitation. The limited surface area, conical bathymetry, and deep water (> 31 m) of Crevice Lake create oxygen-deficient conditions in the hypolimnion and preserve annually laminated sediment (varves) for much of the record. Pollen data indicate that the watershed supported a closed Pinus-dominated forest and low fire frequency prior to 8200 cal yr BP, followed by open parkland until 2600 cal yr BP, and open mixed-conifer forest thereafter. Fire activity shifted from infrequent stand-replacing fires initially to frequent surface fires in the middle Holocene and stand-replacing events in recent centuries. Low values of delta O-18 suggest high winter precipitation in the early Holocene, followed by steadily drier conditions after 8500 cal yr BP. Carbonate-rich sediments before 5000 cal yr BP imply warmer summer conditions than after 5000 cal yr BP. High values of molybdenum (Mo), uranium (U), and sulfur (S) indicate anoxic bottom-waters before 8000 cal yr BP, between 4400 and 3900 cal yr BP, and after 2400 cal yr BP. The diatom record indicates extensive water-column mixing in spring and early summer through much of the Holocene, but a period between 2200 and 800 cal yr BP had strong summer stratification, phosphate limitation, and oxygen-deficient bottom waters. Together, the proxy data suggest wet winters, protracted springs, and warm effectively wet summers in the early Holocene and less snowpack, cool springs, warm dry summers in the middle Holocene. In the late Holocene, the region and lake experienced extreme changes in winter, spring, and summer conditions, with particularly short springs and dry summers and winters during the Roman Warm Period (similar to 2000 cal yr BP) and Medieval Climate Anomaly (1200-800 cal yr BP). Long springs and mild summers occurred during the Little Ice Age, and these conditions persist to the present. Although the proxy data indicate effectively wet summer conditions in the early Holocene and drier conditions in the middle and late Holocene, none point specifically to changes in summer precipitation as the cause. Instead, summer conditions were governed by multi-seasonal controls on effective moisture that operated over multiple time scales. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Whitlock, Cathy] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Dean, Walter E.; Rosenbaum, Joseph R.] US Geol Survey, MS Fed Ctr 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fritz, Sherilyn C.; Stone, Jeffery R.; Bracht-Flyr, Brandi B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Stevens, Lora R.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Geol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Power, Mitchell J.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Power, Mitchell J.] Univ Utah, Utah Museum Nat Hist, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pierce, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Whitlock, C (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM whitlock@montana.edu FU Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park; U.S. Geological Survey; Canon Foundation; National Science Foundation [EAR-0818467, OISE-0966472, EAR-0816576, EAR-9905262] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of J. Varley and T. Olliff (Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park) in providing funding and continued logistical support. Christy Briles assisted with age-model development. Field and coring assistance was provided by the YNP Fire Cache staff, L Doner, J. Honke, G. Skipp. P. Bartlein provided Fig. 1A and insolation anomaly data on Fig. 6. D. McWethy and L Anderson provided helpful reviews of an earlier version of the manuscript, and we received two helpful anonymous reviews. Funds from the Global Change and Climate History and Earth Surface Dynamics Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Canon Foundation, and National Science Foundation (EAR-0818467; OISE-0966472 to Whitlock; EAR-0816576 to Fritz; EAR-9905262 to Stevens and Fritz) supported this project. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 331 BP 90 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.001 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 941PY UT WOS:000303976300008 ER PT J AU Zhang, KQ Liu, HQ Li, YP Xu, HZ Shen, J Rhome, J Smith, TJ AF Zhang, Keqi Liu, Huiqing Li, Yuepeng Xu, Hongzhou Shen, Jian Rhome, Jamie Smith, Thomas J., III TI The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE storm surges; mangroves; bioshields; Hurricane Wilma; surge modeling ID EVERGLADES-NATIONAL-PARK; VEGETATION BIOSHIELDS; COASTAL VEGETATION; NATURAL DISASTERS; LIGHTNING STRIKES; PROTECTIVE ROLE; REAL-TIME; TSUNAMI; HURRICANES; FORESTS AB Field observations and numerical simulations indicate that the 6-to-30-km-wide mangrove forest along the Gulf Coast of South Florida effectively attenuated storm surges from a Category 3 hurricane, Wilma, and protected the inland wetland by reducing an inundation area of 1800 km(2) and restricting surge inundation inside the mangrove zone. The surge amplitude decreases at a rate of 40-50 cm/km across the mangrove forest and at a rate of 20 cm/km across the areas with a mixture of mangrove islands with open water. In contrast, the amplitudes of storm surges at the front of the mangrove zone increase by about 10-30% because of the "blockage" of mangroves to surge water, which can cause greater impacts on structures at the front of mangroves than the case without mangroves. The mangrove forest can also protect the wetlands behind the mangrove zone against surge inundation from a Category 5 hurricane with a fast forward speed of 11.2 m/s (25 mph). However, the forest cannot fully attenuate storm surges from a Category 5 hurricane with a slow forward speed of 2.2 m/s (5 mph) and reduced surges can still affect the wetlands behind the mangrove zone. The effects of widths of mangrove zones on reducing surge amplitudes are nonlinear with large reduction rates (15-30%) for initial width increments and small rates (<5%) for subsequent width increments. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Zhang, Keqi; Liu, Huiqing; Li, Yuepeng; Xu, Hongzhou] Florida Int Univ, Int Hurricane Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Shen, Jian] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Rhome, Jamie] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Storm Surge Unit, Miami, FL 33165 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Zhang, KQ (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM zhangk@fiu.edu FU NOM [NA09NWS4680018]; USGS; Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Program FX Drs. Keqi Zhang, Huiqing Liu, Yuepeng Li, and Hongzhou Xu were supported by a NOM grant NA09NWS4680018. Dr. T.J. Smith III was supported by both the USGS Ecosystems Theme and Climate and Land Use Change Theme. He also received support from the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 11 U2 77 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 102 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.02.021 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 936ZN UT WOS:000303628900002 ER PT J AU Ramsey, MS Wessels, RL Anderson, SW AF Ramsey, Michael S. Wessels, Rick L. Anderson, Steven W. TI Surface textures and dynamics of the 2005 lava dome at Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; MOUNT ST-HELENS; BEZYMIANNY-VOLCANO; DEBRIS AVALANCHES; EFFUSION RATES; ERUPTION RATES; SATELLITE; SPACEBORNE; RUSSIA AB Shiveluch is one of the largest and most active andesitic volcanoes of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc. It commonly alternates between Vulcanian explosive eruptions and periods of dome growth and subsequent dome collapse-driven block-and-ash flows. The volcano was in an extended period of heightened activity for most of the period 2004-2010. We examined this activity in detail using thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing as part of the urgent request protocol (URP) program of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument and confirmed the results with ground-based photography and airborne TIR camera data. High-spatial-resolution TIR images were collected during both daytime and nighttime satellite overpasses prior to and following the large explosive event/eruption of 27 February 2005 and the dome growth that followed. During a field campaign in August 2005, a helicopter overflight designed to acquire visible and TIR data of the active dome was performed. This was a nadir-looking, low-altitude overflight and the first ever of Shiveluch volcano involving non-Russian scientists. The image data revealed an active crease structure in the center of the dome with a distinctly different, crescent-shaped, high-temperature (> 380 degrees C) zone roughly perpendicular to the crease. In order to provide a time context and estimate extrusion rates, the airborne data were compared to the spaceborne ASTER data and long-distance ground-based photography of the dome acquired by our Russian colleagues. The presence of a crease structure and the complex thermal pattern on the surface were both unexpected discoveries that reveal the way in which exogenous dome growth was occurring at the time. This highly active period at Shiveluch provides a unique example to better understand silicic lava dome growth using TIR data. The results also demonstrate a straightforward approach for fusing ground, air, and spaceborne image data, which could be applied to other active domes around the world. C1 [Ramsey, Michael S.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wessels, Rick L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Anderson, Steven W.] Univ No Colorado, Math & Sci Teaching Inst MAST, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. [Anderson, Steven W.] Univ No Colorado, Dept Earth Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. RP Ramsey, MS (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, 4107 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM mramsey@pitt.edu RI Ramsey, Michael/D-9183-2013 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG04GO69G, NNX08AJ91G, NNG05GL55G]; Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Science Team; Alaska Volcano Observatory FX This research was made possible through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth System Science Research Program (grants NNG04GO69G and NNX08AJ91G) to Ramsey, as well as the support of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Science Team. Anderson acknowledges support from grant NNG05GL55G from the NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program. The Alaska Volcano Observatory provided additional support for Wessels, and Kamchatka Volcano Eruption Response Team (KVERT)/Russian Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) provided logistical support for all the field work in Kamchatka. The quality and accuracy of this manuscript were greatly improved by the detailed comments of two anonymous reviewers, as well as those from the Associate Editor. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 124 IS 5-6 BP 678 EP 689 DI 10.1130/B30580.1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937XG UT WOS:000303696600003 ER PT J AU Gellis, AC Pavich, MJ Ellwein, AL Aby, S Clark, I Wieczorek, ME Viger, R AF Gellis, A. C. Pavich, M. J. Ellwein, A. L. Aby, S. Clark, I. Wieczorek, M. E. Viger, R. TI Erosion, storage, and transport of sediment in two subbasins of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EPHEMERAL-STREAM PROCESSES; SOUTHERN COLORADO PLATEAU; RIVER BASIN; ALLUVIAL STRATIGRAPHY; NORTHEASTERN ARIZONA; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; UPLAND CATCHMENT; DENUDATION RATES; DELIVERY PROBLEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Arroyos in the American Southwest proceed through cut-and-fill cycles that operate at centennial to millennial time scales. The geomorphic community has put much effort into understanding the causes of arroyo cutting in the late Quaternary and in the modern record (late 1800s), while little effort has gone into understanding how arroyos fill and the sources of this fill. Here, we successfully develop a geographic information system (GIS)-modeled sediment budget that is based on detailed field measurements of hillslope and channel erosion and deposition. Field measurements were made in two arroyo basins draining different lithologies and undergoing different land disturbance (Volcano Hill Wash, 9.30 km(2); Arroyo Chavez, 2.11 km(2)) over a 3 yr period. Both basins have incised channels that formed in response to the late nineteenth-century incision of the Rio Puerco. Large volumes of sediment were generated during arroyo incision, equal to more than 100 yr of the current annual total sediment load (bed load + suspended load) in each basin. Downstream reaches in both arroyos are presently aggrading, and the main source of the sediment is from channel erosion in upstream reaches and first- and second-order tributaries. The sediment budget shows that channel erosion is the largest source of sediment in the current stage of the arroyo cycle: 98% and 80% of the sediment exported out of Volcano Hill Wash and Arroyo Chavez, respectively. The geomorphic surface most affected by arroyo incision and one of the most important sediment sources is the valley alluvium, where channel erosion, gullying, soil piping, and grazing all occur. Erosion rates calculated for the entire Volcano Hill Wash (-0.26 mm/yr) and Arroyo Chavez (-0.53 mm/yr) basins are higher than the modeled upland erosion rates in each basin, reflecting the large contributions from channel erosion. Erosion rates in each basin are affected by a combination of land disturbance (grazing) and lithology-erodible sandstones and shales in Arroyo Chavez compared with basalt for Volcano Hill Wash. Despite these differences, hillslope sediment yields are similar to long-term denudation rates. As the arroyo fills over time from mouth to headwaters, hillslope sediment becomes a more significant sediment source. C1 [Gellis, A. C.; Wieczorek, M. E.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Pavich, M. J.; Clark, I.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ellwein, A. L.] Western State Coll Colorado, Dept Nat & Environm Sci, Gunnison, CO 81231 USA. [Viger, R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Gellis, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM agellis@usgs.gov OI Viger, Roland/0000-0003-2520-714X FU USGS FX The authors would like to acknowledge field help from college students at the time of the study, Catherine Riihimaki, Goeff Pociask, Amy Brock-Hon, and Andrew Dunn. The paper benefited from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) colleague reviews by Richard Hereford and Mary Ann Madej. Andy Sekellick provided geographic information system (GIS) and figure drafting support. We thank Valerie Gaine for editorial review and Tim Auer for illustrations. The USGS Global Climate Change Program funded this study. Personnel at the USGS-Water Science Center Albuquerque office are thanked for their assistance. We appreciated the technical reviews by Dave Love, Jonathon Harvey, Patrick Belmont, and Joel Pederson. NR 113 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 33 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 124 IS 5-6 BP 817 EP 841 DI 10.1130/B30392.1 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937XG UT WOS:000303696600012 ER PT J AU Jicha, BR Coombs, ML Calvert, AT Singer, BS AF Jicha, Brian R. Coombs, Michelle L. Calvert, Andrew T. Singer, Brad S. TI Geology and Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of the medium- to high-K Tanaga volcanic cluster, western Aleutians SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ISLAND-ARC; ERUPTIVE HISTORY; MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; ALASKA PENINSULA; MOUNT-MAZAMA; CRATER LAKE; COMPLEX; FIELD; ANDESITES; CRYSTAL AB We used geologic mapping and geochemical data augmented by Ar-40/Ar-39 dating to establish an eruptive chronology for the Tanaga volcanic cluster in the western Aleutian arc. The Tanaga volcanic cluster is unique in comparison to other central and western Aleutian volcanoes in that it consists of three closely spaced, active, volumetrically significant edifices (Sajaka, Tanaga, and Takawangha), the eruptive products of which have unusually high K2O contents. Thirty-five new Ar-40/Ar-39 ages obtained in two different laboratories constrain the duration of Pleistocene-Holocene subaerial volcanism to younger than 295 ka. The eruptive activity has been mostly continuous for the last 150 k.y., unlike most other well-characterized arc volcanoes, which tend to grow in discrete pulses. More than half of the analyzed Tanaga volcanic cluster lavas are basalts that have erupted throughout the lifetime of the cluster, although a considerable amount of basaltic andesite and basaltic trachyandesite has also been produced since 200 ka. Major- and trace-element variations suggest that magmas from Sajaka and Tanaga volcanoes are likely to have crystallized pyroxene and/or amphibole at greater depths than the older Takawangha magmas, which experienced a larger percentage of plagioclase-dominated fractionation at shallower depths. Magma output from Takawangha has declined over the last 86 k.y. At ca. 19 ka, the focus of magma flux shifted to the west beneath Tanaga and Sajaka volcanoes, where hotter, more mafic magma erupted. C1 [Jicha, Brian R.; Singer, Brad S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Coombs, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr Alaska, Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Calvert, Andrew T.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jicha, BR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bjicha@geology.wisc.edu RI Singer, Bradley/F-4991-2012 OI Singer, Bradley/0000-0003-3595-5168 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0738007, EAR-0852462]; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the crew of the Maritime Maid, especially helicopter pilot Bill Springer, without whom most of the ground covered to produce this report would still be terra incognita. Brandon Browne and Game McGimsey participated in field work in 2003 and were critical to the geologic mapping effort. John Paskievitch arranged many of the logistics for the 2003 and 2005 field seasons. Annie Douglas helped with point counts. Evan Thorns helped prepare Figure 10. We also thank Billy Pepper, Jeff Williams, and the crew of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service M/V Tiglax for support during the 2007 sampling campaign. U.S. Geological Survey internal reviews by Charlie Bacon and Chris Nye were extremely helpful in shaping this manuscript, as were the reviews by Richard Price, Herve Bellon, and Associate Editor Jocelyn McPhie. This work was supported in part by U.S. National Science Foundation grants EAR-0738007 (Singer) and EAR-0852462 (Plank) and the Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 124 IS 5-6 BP 842 EP 856 DI 10.1130/B30472.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937XG UT WOS:000303696600013 ER PT J AU Thorn, KA Cox, LG AF Thorn, Kevin A. Cox, Larry G. TI Ultraviolet Irradiation Effects Incorporation of Nitrate and Nitrite Nitrogen into Aquatic Natural Organic Matter SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; ABIOTIC IMMOBILIZATION; COLLOIDAL MATTER; UV IRRADIATION; ACID; N-15; PHOTOLYSIS AB One of the concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of ultraviolet radiation for treatment of drinking water and wastewater is the fate of nitrate, particularly its photolysis to nitrite. In this study, N-15 NMR was used to establish for the first time that UV irradiation effects the incorporation of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen into aquatic natural organic matter (NOM). Irradiation of N-15-labeled nitrate in aqueous solution with an unfiltered medium pressure mercury lamp resulted in the incorporation of nitrogen into Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) via nitrosation and other reactions over a range of pH from approximately 3.2 to 8.0, both in the presence and absence of bicarbonate, confirming photonitrosation of the NOM. The major forms of the incorporated label include nitrosophenol, oxime/nitro, pyridine, nitrite, and amide nitrogens. Natural organic matter also catalyzed the reduction of nitrate to ammonia on irradiation. The nitrosophenol and oxime/nitro nitrogens were found to be susceptible to photodegradation on further irradiation when nitrate was removed from the system. At pH 7.5, unfiltered irradiation resulted in the incorporation of N-15-labeled nitrite into SRNOM in the form of amide, nitrite, and pyridine nitrogen. In the presence of bicarbonate at pH 7.4, Pyrex filtered (cutoff below 290-300 nm) irradiation also effected incorporation of nitrite into SRNOM as amide nitrogen. We speculate that nitrosation of NOM from the UV irradiation of nitrate also leads to production of nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide, a process that may be termed photo-chemodenitrification. Irradiation of SRNOM alone resulted in transformation or loss of naturally abundant heterocyclic nitrogens. C1 [Thorn, Kevin A.; Cox, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Thorn, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kathorn@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 865 EP 881 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0335 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NU UT WOS:000303901100026 PM 22565268 ER PT J AU Morway, ED Gates, TK AF Morway, Eric D. Gates, Timothy K. TI Regional Assessment of Soil Water Salinity across an Intensively Irrigated River Valley SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Soil salinity; Irrigation; Electromagnetic soil survey; Soil paste extract; Regional scale monitoring; Lower Arkansas River Valley; Colorado ID STREAM-AQUIFER SYSTEM; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; SALT TRANSPORT; ARKANSAS RIVER; MODELING FLOW; SALINIZATION; AGRICULTURE; COLORADO AB Extensive field investigations allowed depiction of soil water salinity within two large representative regions of a river valley that has been irrigated for more than 120 years. The nature and severity of the salinity problem is captured by hundreds of field surveys, encompassing tens of thousands of measurements and spanning 9 years. Soil water extract salinity, averaged over all surveys and all measured locations, is 4.1 dS m(-1) in the Upstream Study Region and 6.2 dS m(-1) in the Downstream Study Region. Variability over the measurements is substantial, with a coefficient of variation of approximately 0.51 Upstream and 0.39 Downstream. Relationships to soil and groundwater conditions also were explored, providing field-based insights into major contributing factors and into the value of measuring those factors as part of a salinity reconnaissance. A broad survey, like that described herein, affords a sense of the magnitude of economic loss, in terms of crop-yield reduction, that is exacted by irrigation-induced salinity. Evaluation of the measurements in relation to an estimated average threshold for crop-yield reduction indicates that approximately 42% of the more than 122,000 locations surveyed over both regions had ECe values exceeding the corresponding threshold. Average yield reductions due to soil water salinity are approximately 6% over surveyed locations Upstream and 17% over locations Downstream. Moreover, survey results point toward general targets for irrigation and drainage planning and form a basis for the development of more detailed solutions using computational modeling. C1 [Gates, Timothy K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Morway, Eric D.] US Geol Survey, NV Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Gates, TK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tkg@engr.colostate.edu FU Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station; Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District; Lower Arkansas Valley Water Conservancy District; Colorado Water Conservation Board; Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; Colorado Division of Water Resources; Colorado Water Institute; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Bent County Soil Conservation District FX This study was made possible by the interested cooperation of more than 120 landowners and growers in the Arkansas River Valley. Financial support was provided by grants from the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, the Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District, the Lower Arkansas Valley Water Conservancy District, the Colorado Water Conservation Board, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, the Colorado Division of Water Resources, the Colorado Water Institute, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the Bent County Soil Conservation District. Numerous agencies have provided valuable cooperative assistance, including the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, the District 2 Office of the Colorado Division of Water Resources, the Pueblo Subdistrict Office of the USGS, and the USDA Farm Services Agency. The authors appreciate the able assistance of Chad Bohac and Justin Kattnig in statistical analysis and preparation of figures; Jim zumBrunnen in setting up, running, and troubleshooting the SAS model; and Julien Moeys and Dr. David Scott in the application of R. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and recommendations. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY PY 2012 VL 138 IS 5 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000411 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 940ZJ UT WOS:000303931300001 ER PT J AU Moore, DE Rymer, MJ AF Moore, Diane E. Rymer, Michael J. TI Correlation of clayey gouge in a surface exposure of serpentinite in the San Andreas Fault with gouge from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE San Andreas Fault; SAFOD; Serpentinite; Metasomatic reactions; Saponitic smectite clays; Coast Range Ophiolite ID 2004 PARKFIELD; SOUTH ISLAND; MASS-BALANCE; HAAST SCHIST; NEW-ZEALAND; CALIFORNIA; ZONE; SYSTEM; JAPAN; ROCKS AB Magnesium-rich clayey gouge similar to that comprising the two actively creeping strands of the San Andreas Fault in drill core from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) has been identified in a nearby outcrop of serpentinite within the fault zone at Nelson Creek. Each occurrence of the gouge consists of porphyroclasts of serpentinite and sedimentary rocks dispersed in a fine-grained, foliated matrix of Mg-rich smectitic clays. The clay minerals in all three gouges are interpreted to be the product of fluid-assisted, shear-enhanced reactions between quartzofeldspathic wall rocks and serpentinite that was tectonically entrained in the fault from a source in the Coast Range Ophiolite. We infer that the gouge at Nelson Creek connects to one or both of the gouge zones in the SAFOD core, and that similar gouge may occur at depths in between. The special significance of the outcrop is that it preserves the early stages of mineral reactions that are greatly advanced at depth, and it confirms the involvement of serpentinite and the Mg-rich phyllosilicate minerals that replace it in promoting creep along the central San Andreas Fault. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moore, Diane E.; Rymer, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmoore@usgs.gov; mrymer@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 38 SI SI BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2011.11.014 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 944OV UT WOS:000304214600006 ER PT J AU Beeler, N Kilgore, B McGarr, A Fletcher, J Evans, J Baker, SR AF Beeler, Nick Kilgore, Brian McGarr, Art Fletcher, Joe Evans, John Baker, Steven R. TI Observed source parameters for dynamic rupture with non-uniform initial stress and relatively high fracture energy SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dynamic rupture; Friction; Stress drop; Efficiency; Fracture energy ID STICK-SLIP; APPARENT STRESS; FAULT; EARTHQUAKES; FRICTION; MOTION; DROP; PROPAGATION; NUCLEATION; CALIFORNIA AB We have conducted dynamic rupture propagation experiments to establish the relations between in-source stress drop, fracture energy and the resulting particle velocity during slip of an unconfined 2 m long laboratory fault at normal stresses between 4 and 8 MPa. To produce high fracture energy in the source we use a rough fault that has a large slip weakening distance. An artifact of the high fracture energy is that the nucleation zone is large such that precursory slip reduces fault strength over a large fraction of the total fault length prior to dynamic rupture, making the initial stress non-uniform. Shear stress, particle velocity, fault slip and acceleration were recorded coseismically at multiple locations along strike and at small fault-normal distances. Stress drop increases weakly with normal stress. Average slip rate depends linearly on the fault strength loss and on static stress drop, both with a nonzero intercept. A minimum fracture energy of 1.8 J/m(2) and a linear slip weakening distance of 33 mu m are inferred from the intercept. The large slip weakening distance also affects the average slip rate which is reduced by in-source energy dissipation from on-fault fracture energy. Because of the low normal stress and small per event slip (similar to 86 mu m), no thermal weakening such as melting or pore fluid pressurization occurs in these experiments. Despite the relatively high fracture energy, and the very low heat production, energy partitioning during these laboratory earthquakes is very similar to typical earthquake source properties. The product of fracture energy and fault area is larger than the radiated energy. Seismic efficiency is low at 2%. The ratio of apparent stress to static stress drop is similar to 27%, consistent with measured overshoot. The fracture efficiency is similar to 33%. The static and dynamic stress drops when extrapolated to crustal stresses are 2-7.3 MPa and in the range of typical earthquake stress drops. As the relatively high fracture energy reduces the slip velocities in these experiments, the extrapolated average particle velocities for crustal stresses are 0.18-0.6 m/s. That these experiments are consistent with typical earthquake source properties suggests, albeit indirectly, that thermal weakening mechanisms such as thermal pressurization and melting which lead to near complete stress drops, dominate earthquake source properties only for exceptional events unless crustal stresses are low. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Beeler, Nick; Kilgore, Brian; McGarr, Art; Fletcher, Joe; Evans, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Baker, Steven R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Beeler, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM nbeeler@usgs.gov RI Kilgore, Brian/K-3433-2012 OI Kilgore, Brian/0000-0003-0530-7979 FU USGS; USGS Extreme ground motion research initiative; PGE FX Funding for some of the instrumentation used in this study was provided by USGS Venture Capital Fund. The laser vibrometer used was loaned to USGS by the Naval Postgraduate College. We are grateful for encouragement from Bill Ellsworth and scientific direction and consultation over a number of years from Jim Dieterich and David Lockner. Greg McLaskey, Brad Aagaard and Jack Boatwright provided detailed reviews which significantly improved the manuscript. This study was supported in part by the USGS Extreme ground motion research initiative funded by PG&E. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 38 SI SI BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2011.11.013 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 944OV UT WOS:000304214600008 ER PT J AU Sone, H Shimamoto, T Moore, DE AF Sone, Hiroki Shimamoto, Toshihiko Moore, Diane E. TI Frictional properties of saponite-rich gouge from a serpentinite-bearing fault zone along the Gokasho-Arashima Tectonic Line, central Japan SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Serpentinite; Frictional constitutive law; Saponite; Metasomatism; Fault gouge ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; TO-CHLORITE TRANSFORMATION; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; HIGH-PRESSURE; HEAT-FLOW; BEHAVIOR; ROCKS; DEFORMATION; SUBDUCTION; STRENGTH AB We studied a serpentinite-bearing fault zone in Gokasho-Arashima Tectonic Line, Mie Prefecture, central Japan, characterizing its internal structures, mineral assemblage, permeability, and frictional properties. The fault core situated between the serpentinite breccia and the adjacent sedimentary rocks is characterized by a zone locally altered to saponite. The clayey gouge layer separates fault rocks of serpentinite origin containing talc and tremolite from fault rocks of sedimentary origin containing chlorite but no quartz. The minerals that formed within the fault are the products of metasomatic reaction between the serpentinite and the siliceous rocks. Permeability measurements show that serpentinite breccia and fault gouge have permeability of 10(-14)-10(-17) m(2) and 10(-15)-10(-18) m(2), respectively, at 5-120 MPa confining pressure. Frictional coefficient of the saponite-rich clayey fault gouge ranged between 0.20 and 0.35 under room-dry condition, but was reduced to 0.06-0.12 when saturated with water. The velocity dependence of friction was strongly positive, mostly ranging between 0.005 and 0.006 in terms of a-b values. The governing friction law is not constrained yet, but we find that the saponite-rich gouge possesses an evolutional behavior in the opposite direction to that suggested by the rate and state friction law, in addition to its direct velocity dependence. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sone, Hiroki] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Shimamoto, Toshihiko] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Moore, Diane E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sone, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall,Mitchell Bldg 360, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sone21_u2@yahoo.co.jp NR 64 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 38 SI SI BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2011.09.007 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 944OV UT WOS:000304214600014 ER PT J AU Tabor, RA Sanders, ST Lantz, DW Celedonia, MT Damm, S AF Tabor, Roger A. Sanders, Scott T. Lantz, Daniel W. Celedonia, Mark T. Damm, Steve TI Seasonal Movements of Smallmouth Bass in the Lake Washington Ship Canal, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEUI; PREDATION; FISH; SALMONIDS; BEHAVIOR AB The seasonal movement patterns of adult smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) were examined in the Lake Washington Ship Canal (LWSC), a long, narrow water body that connects Lake Washington with Puget Sound. Seventy-two smallmouth bass were captured, implanted with acoustic tags, and released back into the LWSC where they were captured. Smallmouth bass displayed a strong seasonal migration pattern between the LWSC and Lake Washington. Out of 57 smallmouth bass tracked for seasonal movement information, 82% migrated from the LWSC to Lake Washington sometime between June and October. Departure from the LWSC may be related to a combination of factors, such as cessation of spawning activity, reduced water quality conditions, and reduced prey availability. Smallmouth bass <350 mm FL were more likely to overwinter in the LWSC than larger fish and if they did migrate to Lake Washington, they migrated later in August-October. After overwintering in Lake Washington, smallmouth bass moved back into the LWSC between early-March and mid-April. Smallmouth bass returned to the LWSC at the beginning of the spring warming phase, a behavior likely related to spawning activity. Smallmouth bass often showed some degree of site fidelity between years for both spring/summer locations in the LWSC and summer/fall/winter locations in Lake Washington. Because smallmouth bass often have a high degree of spawning site fidelity, there can be different populations within the same water body. Our results provide some preliminary evidence that LWSC smallmouth bass are reproductively isolated from smallmouth bass that inhabit Lake Washington year-round. C1 [Tabor, Roger A.; Sanders, Scott T.; Lantz, Daniel W.; Celedonia, Mark T.; Damm, Steve] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Tabor, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr SE,Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM roger_tabor@fws.gov FU SPU; USACOE FX Terence Lee, Benjamin Price, Meimei Li, and Eric Tallman, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Danny Estelle, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Scott Beresford, Ken Domingo, and Dan Bischofberger assisted with the fish collections and receiver installation and maintenance. Brian Footen and Eric Warner, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe and Fred Goetz and Chuck Ebel, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE) provided invaluable assistance with the field data collections. We thank the managers of the Lakeshore West Condominiums, AGC Building, and other private property owners for allowing us to place receivers on their property. We also wish to thank Bob Wunderlich, Brad Thompson, USFWS and Keith Kurko, Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) for input on the project proposal and providing technical support. Linda Moore, USFWS assisted with the figures. The study was financially supported by SPU and USACOE and administered by Michele Koehler and Julie Hall, SPU. Comments provided by Julie Hall, Michele Koehler, SPU and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of USFWS. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 86 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.3955/046.086.0205 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 943AJ UT WOS:000304092500005 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Cooch, EG Nichols, JM Sauer, JR AF Nichols, James D. Cooch, Evan G. Nichols, Jonathan M. Sauer, John R. TI Studying Biodiversity: Is a New Paradigm Really Needed? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; deduction; induction; machine learning; science ID BIRD COMMUNITIES; HOUSE FINCHES; DYNAMICS; DISEASE; POPULATION; SCIENCE; CHAOS; TIME AB Authors in this journal have recommended a new approach to the conduct of biodiversity science. This data-driven approach requires the organization of large amounts of ecological data, analysis of these data to discover complex patterns, and subsequent development of hypotheses corresponding to detected patterns. This proposed new approach has been contrasted with more-traditional knowledge-based approaches in which investigators deduce consequences of competing hypotheses to be confronted with actual data, providing a basis for discriminating among the hypotheses. We note that one approach is directed at hypothesis generation, whereas the other is also focused on discriminating among competing hypotheses. Here, we argue for the importance of using existing knowledge to the separate issues of (a) hypothesis selection and generation and (b) hypothesis discrimination and testing. In times of limited conservation funding, the relative efficiency of different approaches to learning should be an important consideration in decisions about how to study biodiversity. C1 [Nichols, James D.; Sauer, John R.] US Geol Survey Biologists, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Cooch, Evan G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nichols, Jonathan M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey Biologists, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 2012 VL 62 IS 5 BP 497 EP 502 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.5.11 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 942EJ UT WOS:000304025000009 ER PT J AU Neilson, JW Quade, J Ortiz, M Nelson, WM Legatzki, A Tian, F LaComb, M Betancourt, JL Wing, RA Soderlund, CA Maier, RM AF Neilson, Julia W. Quade, Jay Ortiz, Marianyoly Nelson, William M. Legatzki, Antje Tian, Fei LaComb, Michelle Betancourt, Julio L. Wing, Rod A. Soderlund, Carol A. Maier, Raina M. TI Life at the hyperarid margin: novel bacterial diversity in arid soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE Arid; Atacama Desert; Bacterial diversity; Pyrosequencing; Soil ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SODA LAKES; GEN. NOV.; CHLOROFLEXI; CORE; ACTINOBACTERIA; ENVIRONMENT AB Nearly half the earth's surface is occupied by dryland ecosystems, regions susceptible to reduced states of biological productivity caused by climate fluctuations. Of these regions, arid zones located at the interface between vegetated semiarid regions and biologically unproductive hyperarid zones are considered most vulnerable. The objective of this study was to conduct a deep diversity analysis of bacterial communities in unvegetated arid soils of the Atacama Desert, to characterize community structure and infer the functional potential of these communities based on observed phylogenetic associations. A 454-pyrotag analysis was conducted of three unvegetated arid sites located at the hyperarid-arid margin. The analysis revealed communities with unique bacterial diversity marked by high abundances of novel and and low levels of and , phyla that are dominant in many biomes A 16S rRNA gene library of one site revealed the presence of clones with phylogenetic associations to chemoautotrophic taxa able to obtain energy through oxidation of nitrite, carbon monoxide, iron, or sulfur. Thus, soils at the hyperarid margin were found to harbor a wealth of novel bacteria and to support potentially viable communities with phylogenetic associations to non-phototrophic primary producers and bacteria capable of biogeochemical cycling. C1 [Neilson, Julia W.; Ortiz, Marianyoly; Legatzki, Antje; Tian, Fei; LaComb, Michelle; Maier, Raina M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Quade, Jay] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nelson, William M.; Soderlund, Carol A.] Univ Arizona, Inst Bio5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Neilson, JW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Shantz Bldg Room 429,POB 210038, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jneilson@email.arizona.edu OI Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 FU National Science Foundation [MCB0604300]; Exxon-Mobile COSA FX We would like to express our appreciation to Audrey Copeland for her assistance with the organic carbon analysis, to Yeisoo Yu and Nick Sisneros of the Arizona Genomics Institute for their assistance with 454-pyrosequencing, and to Andrea Byrne and Juliana Gil-Loaiza for generating the site 2547 negative clone library. Funding for this work was supplied by the National Science Foundation Microbial Observatory Grant MCB0604300 and from the Exxon-Mobile COSA Project. NR 59 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 7 U2 65 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD MAY PY 2012 VL 16 IS 3 BP 553 EP 566 DI 10.1007/s00792-012-0454-z PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 940DN UT WOS:000303870300020 PM 22527047 ER PT J AU Dietterich, HR Poland, MP Schmidt, DA Cashman, KV Sherrod, DR Espinosa, AT AF Dietterich, Hannah R. Poland, Michael P. Schmidt, David A. Cashman, Katharine V. Sherrod, David R. Espinosa, Arkin Tapia TI Tracking lava flow emplacement on the east rift zone of Kilauea, Hawai`i, with synthetic aperture radar coherence SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE lava flows; remote sensing; synthetic aperture radar ID INTERFEROMETRIC RADAR; VOLCANO; SURFACE; DEFORMATION; ALASKA AB Lava flow mapping is both an essential component of volcano monitoring and a valuable tool for investigating lava flow behavior. Although maps are traditionally created through field surveys, remote sensing allows an extraordinary view of active lava flows while avoiding the difficulties of mapping on location. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, in particular, can detect changes in a flow field by comparing two images collected at different times with SAR coherence. New lava flows radically alter the scattering properties of the surface, making the radar signal decorrelated in SAR coherence images. We describe a new technique, SAR Coherence Mapping (SCM), to map lava flows automatically from coherence images independent of look angle or satellite path. We use this approach to map lava flow emplacement during the Pu`u `(O) over bar`(o) over bar -Kupaianaha eruption at K (i) over bar lauea, Hawai`i. The resulting flow maps correspond well with field mapping and better resolve the internal structure of surface flows, as well as the locations of active flow paths. However, the SCM technique is only moderately successful at mapping flows that enter vegetation, which is also often decorrelated between successive SAR images. Along with measurements of planform morphology, we are able to show that the length of time a flow stays decorrelated after initial emplacement is linearly related to the flow thickness. Finally, we use interferograms obtained after flow surfaces become correlated to show that persistent decorrelation is caused by post-emplacement flow subsidence. C1 [Dietterich, Hannah R.; Schmidt, David A.; Cashman, Katharine V.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Sherrod, David R.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Espinosa, Arkin Tapia] Univ Panama, Dept Geosci, Panama City, Panama. RP Dietterich, HR (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM hrd@uoregon.edu OI Dietterich, Hannah/0000-0001-7898-4343 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DGE-0829517, EAR 0738894] FX We thank the staff of the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for their insights and data. Matt Patrick provided thermal images and field data, while Tim Orr shared the results of aerial and ground-based flow mapping for comparison with our maps. We also thank Scott Rowland, Matt Patrick, Jim Kauahikaua, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. SAR data were acquired by the European and Japanese Space Agencies. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant DGE-0829517 to HRD and NSF EAR 0738894 to KVC. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q05001 DI 10.1029/2011GC004016 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 937QI UT WOS:000303672700002 ER PT J AU Simmons, CT Hunt, RJ Cook, PG AF Simmons, Craig T. Hunt, Randall J. Cook, Peter G. TI Using Every Tool in the Toolbox SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Simmons, Craig T.; Cook, Peter G.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Hunt, Randall J.] USGS Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Simmons, CT (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA, Australia. EM craig.simmons@flinders.edu.au; rjhunt@usgs.gov; peter.cook@flinders.edu.au RI Cook, Peter/H-3606-2011; Simmons, Craig/H-7458-2015 OI Simmons, Craig/0000-0001-5399-6292 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 323 EP 323 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00920.x PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 932WC UT WOS:000303320200001 PM 22390209 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Zheng, CM AF Hunt, Randall J. Zheng, Chunmiao TI The Current State of Modeling SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 [Hunt, Randall J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Zheng, Chunmiao] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Zheng, Chunmiao] Peking Univ, Ctr Water Res, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov RI Zheng, Chunmiao/I-5257-2014 OI Zheng, Chunmiao/0000-0001-5839-1305 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00936.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 932WC UT WOS:000303320200004 PM 22540165 ER PT J AU Langevin, CD Panday, S AF Langevin, Christian D. Panday, Sorab TI Future of Groundwater Modeling SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE; RECHARGE C1 [Langevin, Christian D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 411, Reston, VA 20195 USA. [Panday, Sorab] AMEC Environm & Infrastruct, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. RP Langevin, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 411, Reston, VA 20195 USA. EM langevin@usgs.gov; Sorab.Panday@amec.com NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00937.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 932WC UT WOS:000303320200005 PM 22540166 ER PT J AU Starn, JJ Bagtzoglou, AC AF Starn, J. Jeffrey Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C. TI Programs for Calibration-Based Monte Carlo Simulation of Recharge Areas SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID INPUT VARIABLES; CAPTURE ZONES; UNCERTAINTY; PYTHON AB One use of groundwater flow models is to simulate contributing recharge areas to wells or springs. Particle tracking can be used to simulate these recharge areas, but in many cases the modeler is not sure how accurate these recharge areas are because parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and recharge have errors associated with them. The scripts described in this article (GEN_LHS and MCDRIVER_LHS) use the Python scripting language to run a Monte Carlo simulation with Latin hypercube sampling where model parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and recharge are randomly varied for a large number of model simulations, and the probability of a particle being in the contributing area of a well is calculated based on the results of multiple simulations. Monte Carlo simulation provides one useful measure of the variability in modeled particles. The Monte Carlo method described here is unique in that it uses parameter sets derived from the optimal parameters, their standard deviations, and their correlation matrix, all of which are calculated during nonlinear regression model calibration. In addition, this method uses a set of acceptance criteria to eliminate unrealistic parameter sets. C1 [Starn, J. Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Starn, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM jjstarn@usgs.gov RI Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios/C-4563-2011; OI Starn, Jon/0000-0001-5909-0010 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 472 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00868.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 932WC UT WOS:000303320200020 PM 21967487 ER PT J AU Darner, RA Sheets, RA AF Darner, Robert A. Sheets, Rodney A. TI Using Existing Data to Estimate Aquifer Properties, Great Lakes Region, USA SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID EARTH TIDES; WATER LEVELS AB To determine specific storage and porosity, areally limited and time-consuming aquifer tests are frequently done. Hydrogeologic studies often do not have the resources to collect such data and rely on existing data sources for aquifer properties. An alternative tool for determining these aquifer properties is the analysis of earth tides. The objective of this study was to determine whether existing water-level and barometric-pressure data could be used to determine aquifer properties, such as porosity and specific storage, on a regional scale. In this study, national databases from the Great Lakes Region were queried for continuous records of groundwater-level and barometric-pressure data. Records from 37 selected wells were then analyzed for barometric efficiency and earth-tide responses. Specific-storage (Ss) and porosity values were determined, and the quality of the results were assessed with a measure of the goodness of fit (percent variance) of reconstruction of the response. Records from wells completed in several aquifer systems were analyzed with varying degrees of success. Aquifer Ss values ranging from 5.9 x 10-8 to 3.8 x 10-6/m were derived, with percent variance of reconstruction ranging from 1% to 78%. Comparisons with aquifer and laboratory testing of Ss and porosity are favorable if the percent variance of reconstruction is above about 30%. Although the earth-tide-analysis method is not suitable for every situation, the Ss and porosity of aquifers can, in many places, be estimated with existing water-level and barometric-pressure data or with data that are relatively inexpensive to collect. C1 [Darner, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Darner, Robert A.; Sheets, Rodney A.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Field Team, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Darner, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM radarner@usgs.gov FU USGS, Great Lakes Basin Pilot FX Funding for this project was provided by the USGS National Water Availability and Use Program, Great Lakes Basin Pilot (http://mi.water.usgs.gov/projects/GreatLakes WaterAvailability/index.html). The authors thank the staff of USGS Water Science Centers in Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and New York for access to their data. The authors also thank Paul Juckem and Gerard Gonthier of the USGS and three anonymous reviewers for this journal whose suggestions and comments significantly improved this manuscript. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00848.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 932WC UT WOS:000303320200021 PM 21797855 ER PT J AU Kolker, A AF Kolker, Allan TI Minor element distribution in iron disulfides in coal: A geochemical review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Fe disulfides; Coal; Microanalysis; Minor and trace elements; Pyrite; Marcasite ID SOUTHWESTERN GUIZHOU PROVINCE; SEDIMENTARY PYRITE FORMATION; REACTIONS FORMING PYRITE; ARSENIC-BEARING PYRITE; ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BLACK-WARRIOR BASIN; 125 DEGREES-C; 4 US COALS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; XAFS SPECTROSCOPY AB Electron beam microanalysis of coal samples in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) labs confirms that As is the most abundant minor constituent in Fe disulfides in coal and that Se, Ni, and other minor constituents are present less commonly and at lower concentrations than those for As. In nearly all cases, Hg occurs in Fe disulfides in coal at concentrations below detection by electron beam instruments. Its presence is shown by laser ablation ICP-MS, by selective leaching studies of bulk coal, and by correlation with Fe disulfide proxies such as total Fe and pyritic sulfur. Multiple generations of Fe disulfides are present in coal. These commonly show grain-to-grain and within-grain minor- or trace element compositional variation that is a function of the early diagenetic, coalification, and post-coalification history of the coal. Framboidal pyrite is almost always the earliest Fe disulfide generation, as shown by overgrowths of later Fe disulfides which may include pyrite or marcasite. Cleat- (or vein) pyrite (or marcasite) is typically the latest Fe disulfide generation, as shown by cross-cutting relations. Cleat pyrite forms by fluid migration within a coal basin and consequently may be enriched in elements such as As by deposition from compaction-driven fluids, metal enriched basinal brines or hydrothermal fluids. In some cases, framboidal pyrite shows preferential Ni enrichment with respect to co-occurring pyrite forms. This is consistent with bacterial complexing of metals in anoxic sediments and derivation of framboidal pyrite from greigite (Fe3S4), an Fe monosulfide precursor to framboidal pyrite having the thio-spinel structure which accommodates transition metals. Elements such as As, Se, and Sb substitute for S in the pyrite structure whereas metals, including transition metals, Hg and Pb, are thought to substitute for Fe. Understanding the distribution of minor and trace elements in Fe disulfides in coal has important implications for their availability to the environment through coal mining and use, as well as for potential reduction by coal preparation, and for delineating diagenetic compositional changes throughout and after coal formation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kolker, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM akolker@usgs.gov FU USGS Energy Program; U.S. Department of Energy; NATO; U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation FX The contribution of Harvey E. Belkin to acquisition of microprobe data and interpretation of the results is gratefully acknowledged. The USGS Energy Program, the U.S. Department of Energy, the NATO Science Program, and the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation are acknowledged for their support of various coal-quality studies in which the results and interpretations reported herein were obtained. Initial reviews by Leslie F. Ruppert and Harvey E. Belkin (USGS) helped improve the manuscript, as did the comments of two International Journal of Coal Geology reviewers. The author is grateful to Robert B. Finkelman for his encouragement and for the opportunity to take part in this research. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 114 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 94 SI SI BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2011.10.011 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 940NJ UT WOS:000303900000004 ER PT J AU Diehl, SF Goldhaber, MB Koenig, AE Lowers, HA Ruppert, LF AF Diehl, S. F. Goldhaber, M. B. Koenig, A. E. Lowers, H. A. Ruppert, L. F. TI Distribution of arsenic, selenium, and other trace elements in high pyrite Appalachian coals: Evidence for multiple episodes of pyrite formation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coal; Pyrite; Arsenic; Selenium; Appalachia; Morphology; Laser ablation ID BLACK-WARRIOR BASIN; ABLATION ICP-MS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MINERALS; ALABAMA; CHINA; MODES; FIELD AB Pennsylvanian coals in the Appalachian Basin host pyrite that is locally enriched in potentially toxic trace elements such as As, Se, Hg, Pb, and Ni. A comparison of pyrite-rich coals from northwestern Alabama, eastern Kentucky, and West Virginia reveals differences in concentrations and mode of occurrence of trace elements in pyrite. Pyrite occurs as framboids, dendrites, or in massive crystalline form in cell lumens or crosscutting veins. Metal concentrations in pyrite vary over all scales, from microscopic to mine to regional, because trace elements are inhomogeneously distributed in the different morphological forms of pyrite, and in the multiple generations of sulfide mineral precipitates. Early diagenetic framboidal pyrite is usually depleted in As, Se. and Hg, and enriched in Pb and Ni, compared to other pyrite forms. In dendritic pyrite, maps of As distribution show a chemical gradient from As-rich centers to As-poor distal branches, whereas Se concentrations are highest at the distal edges of the branches. Massive crystalline pyrite that fills veins is composed of several generations of sulfide minerals. Pyrite in late-stage veins commonly exhibits As-rich growth zones, indicating a probable epigenetic hydrothermal origin. Selenium is concentrated at the distal edges of veins. A positive correlation of As and Se in pyrite veins from Kentucky coals, and of As and Hg in pyrite-filled veins from Alabama coals, suggests coprecipitation of these elements from the same fluid. In the Kentucky coal samples (n = 18), As and Se contents in pyrite-filled veins average 4200 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively. In Alabama coal samples, As in pyrite-filled veins averages 2700 ppm (n = 34), whereas As in pyrite-filled cellular structures averages 6470 ppm (n = 35). In these same Alabama samples, Se averages 80 ppm in pyrite-filled veins, but was below the detection limit in cell structures. In samples of West Virginia massive pyrite, As averages 1700 ppm, and Se averages 270 ppm (n = 24). The highest concentration of Hg (<= 102 ppm) is in Alabama pyrite veins. Improved detailed descriptions of sulfide morphology, sulfide mineral paragenesis, and trace-element concentration and distribution allow more informed predictions of: (1) the relative rate of release of trace elements during weathering of pyrite in coals, and (2) the relative effectiveness of various coal-cleaning procedures of removing pyrite. For example, trace element-rich pyrite has been shown to be more soluble than stoichiometric pyrite, and fragile fine-grained pyrite forms such as dendrites and framboids are more susceptible to dissolution and disaggregation but less amenable to removal during coal cleaning. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Diehl, S. F.; Goldhaber, M. B.; Koenig, A. E.; Lowers, H. A.; Ruppert, L. F.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Diehl, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM diehl@usgs.gov OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 FU Energy Program and Crustal Geophysics & Geochemistry Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey FX The Energy Program and Crustal Geophysics & Geochemistry Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey funded this study. EPMA element distribution maps and wavelength scans were run at the U.S. Geological Survey Denver microbeam laboratory. Coal samples from Kentucky and West Virginia were supplied by Michele Tuttle and Leslie Ruppert, respectively. Reviews by Robert Zielinski, U.S. Geological Survey, and two International Journal of Coal Geology reviewers helped improve the manuscript. NR 45 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 94 SI SI BP 238 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2012.01.015 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 940NJ UT WOS:000303900000021 ER PT J AU Jones, KB Ruppert, LF Swanson, SM AF Jones, Kevin B. Ruppert, Leslie F. Swanson, Sharon M. TI Leaching of elements from bottom ash, economizer fly ash, and fly ash from two coal-fired power plants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coal combustion products; Fruitland Formation; Leaching; Pittsburgh coal; TCLP; SGLP ID COMBUSTION RESIDUES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ETTRINGITE; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; LEACHATES; METALS; IMPACT; SE; MO AB To assess how elements leach from several types of coal combustion products (CCPs) and to better understand possible risks from CCP use or disposal, coal ashes were sampled from two bituminous-coal-fired power plants. One plant located in Ohio burns high-sulfur (about 3.9%) Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal from the Monongahela Group of the Central Appalachian Basin; the other in New Mexico burns low-sulfur (about 0.76%) Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation coal from the San Juan Basin, Colorado Plateau. The sampled CCPs from the Ohio plant were bottom ash (BA), economizer fly ash (EFA), and fly ash (FA); the sampled CCPs from the New Mexico plant were BA, mixed FA/EFA, FA, and cyclone-separated coarse and fine fractions of a FA/EFA and FA blend. Subsamples of each ash were leached using the long-term leaching (60-day duration) component of the synthetic groundwater leaching procedure (SGLP) or the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP, 18-hour duration). These ashes were all alkaline. Leachate concentrations and leachabilities of the elements from the CCPs were similar between corresponding CCP types (BA, EFA, and FA) from each plant. The leachabilities of most elements were lowest in BA (least leachable) and increased from EFA to FA (most leachable). Ca and Sr were leached more from EFA than from either BA or FA. Leachability of most elements also increased as FA particle size decreased, possibly due in part to increasing specific surface areas. Several oxyanion-forming elements (As, Mo, Se, U. and V) leached more under SGLP than under TCLP; the opposite was true for most other elements analyzed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jones, Kevin B.; Ruppert, Leslie F.; Swanson, Sharon M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM kevinjones@usgs.gov RI Jones, Kevin/A-7449-2014; OI Jones, Kevin/0000-0002-6386-2623; Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 94 SI SI BP 337 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2011.10.007 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 940NJ UT WOS:000303900000029 ER PT J AU Dowsett, HJ Robinson, MM Haywood, AM Hill, DJ Dolan, AM Stoll, DK Chan, WL Abe-Ouchi, A Chandler, MA Rosenbloom, NA Otto-Bliesner, BL Bragg, FJ Lunt, DJ Foley, KM Riesselman, CR AF Dowsett, Harry J. Robinson, Marci M. Haywood, Alan M. Hill, Daniel J. Dolan, Aisling M. Stoll, Danielle K. Chan, Wing-Le Abe-Ouchi, Ayako Chandler, Mark A. Rosenbloom, Nan A. Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. Bragg, Fran J. Lunt, Daniel J. Foley, Kevin M. Riesselman, Christina R. TI Assessing confidence in Pliocene sea surface temperatures to evaluate predictive models SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; FORAMINIFER TRANSFER-FUNCTION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; LATE PLEISTOCENE; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; DEPOSITS AB In light of mounting empirical evidence that planetary warming is well underway, the climate research community looks to palaeoclimate research for a ground-truthing measure with which to test the accuracy of future climate simulations. Model experiments that attempt to simulate climates of the past serve to identify both similarities and differences between two climate states and, when compared with simulations run by other models and with geological data, to identify model-specific biases. Uncertainties associated with both the data and the models must be considered in such an exercise. The most recent period of sustained global warmth similar to what is projected for the near future occurred about 3.3-3.0 million years ago, during the Pliocene epoch. Here, we present Pliocene sea surface temperature data, newly characterized in terms of level of confidence, along with initial experimental results from four climate models. We conclude that, in terms of sea surface temperature, models are in good agreement with estimates of Pliocene sea surface temperature in most regions except the North Atlantic. Our analysis indicates that the discrepancy between the Pliocene proxy data and model simulations in the mid-latitudes of the North Atlantic, where models underestimate warming shown by our highest-confidence data, may provide a new perspective and insight into the predictive abilities of these models in simulating a past warm interval in Earth history. This is important because the Pliocene has a number of parallels to present predictions of late twenty-first century climate. C1 [Dowsett, Harry J.; Robinson, Marci M.; Stoll, Danielle K.; Foley, Kevin M.; Riesselman, Christina R.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Haywood, Alan M.; Hill, Daniel J.; Dolan, Aisling M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hill, Daniel J.] British Geol Survey, Climate Change Grp, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Chan, Wing-Le; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo 2778564, Japan. [Abe-Ouchi, Ayako] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Chandler, Mark A.] Columbia Univ, NASA, GISS, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Rosenbloom, Nan A.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bragg, Fran J.; Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Riesselman, Christina/H-5037-2012; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/M-6359-2013; Bragg, Fran/C-6198-2015; OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952; Bragg, Fran/0000-0002-8179-4214; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925; Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU US Geological Survey; NASA; European Research Council under European Union [278636]; Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship [ECF-2011-205]; British Geological Survey; National Centre for Atmospheric Science; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H006273/1]; US National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation FX H.J.D., M.M.R., D.K.S. and K.M.F. acknowledge the continued support of the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; C.R.R. thanks the US Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; H.J.D., M.M.R. and M.A.C. thank the US Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; M.A.C. acknowledges support from the NASA Climate Modelling Program. A.M.H. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636. D.J.H. undertook his contribution as part of a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship (ECF-2011-205), co-financially supported by the British Geological Survey and National Centre for Atmospheric Science; D.J.L. and F.J.B. acknowledge the Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/H006273/1. B.L.O-B. and N.A.R. recognize the National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation and computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. This research used samples and/or data provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. This is a product of the PRISM Project and the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project. NR 46 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 60 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 2 IS 5 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1455 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942EH UT WOS:000304024800022 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Warwick, PD Hook, RW Alimi, H Mastalerz, M Swanson, SM AF Hackley, Paul C. Warwick, Peter D. Hook, Robert W. Alimi, Hossein Mastalerz, Maria Swanson, Sharon M. TI Organic geochemistry and petrology of subsurface Paleocene-Eocene Wilcox and Claiborne Group coal beds, Zavala County, Maverick Basin, Texas, USA SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; POWDER RIVER-BASIN; SOURCE-ROCK; METHANE GENERATION; SOUTH TEXAS; GAS CONTENT; PYROLYSIS; MATTER; OIL; FLUORESCENCE AB Coal samples from a coalbed methane exploration well in northern Zavala County, Maverick Basin, Texas, were characterized through an integrated analytical program. The well was drilled in February, 2006 and shut in after coal core desorption indicated negligible gas content. Cuttings samples from two levels in the Eocene Claiborne Group were evaluated by way of petrographic techniques and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Core samples from the Paleocene-Eocene Indio Formation (Wilcox Group) were characterized via proximate-ultimate analysis in addition to petrography and pyrolysis. Two Indio Formation coal samples were selected for detailed evaluation via gas chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and C-13 CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. Samples are subbituminous rank as determined from multiple thermal maturity parameters. Elevated rank (relative to similar age coal beds elsewhere in the Gulf Coast Basin) in the study area is interpreted to be a result of stratigraphic and/or structural thickening related to Laramide compression and construction of the Sierra Madre Oriental to the southwest. Vitrinite reflectance data, along with extant data, suggest the presence of an erosional unconformity or change in regional heat flow between the Cretaceous and Tertiary sections and erosion of up to >5 km over the Cretaceous. The presence of liptinite-rich coals in the Claiborne at the well site may indicate moderately persistent or recurring coal-forming paleoenvironments, interpreted as perennially submerged peat in shallow ephemeral lakes with herbaceous and/or flotant vegetation. However, significant continuity of individual Eocene coal beds in the subsurface is not suggested. Indio Formation coal samples contain abundant telovitrinite interpreted to be preserved from arborescent, above-ground woody vegetation that developed during the middle portion of mire development in forested swamps. Other petrographic criteria suggest enhanced biological, chemical and physical degradation at the beginning and end of Indio mire development. Fluorescence spectra of sporinite and resinite are consistent and distinctly different from each other, attributed to the presence of a greater proportion of complex asphaltene and polar molecules in resinite. Gas chromatography of resinite-rich coal shows sesquiterpenoid and diterpenoid peaks in the C14-17 range, which are not present in resinite-poor coal. Quantities of extracts suggest bitumen concentration below the threshold for effective source rocks [30-50 mg hydrocarbon/g total organic carbon (HC/g TOC)]. Saturate/aromatic and pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios are different from values for nearby Tertiary-reservoired crude oil, suggesting that the Indio coals are too immature to source liquid hydrocarbons in the area. However, moderately high HI values (200-400 mg HC/g rock) may suggest some potential for naphthenic-paraffinic oil generation where buried more deeply down stratigraphic/structural dip. Extractable phenols and C20+ alkanes are suggested as possible intermediates for acetate fermentation in microbial methanogenesis which may, however, be limited by poor nutrient supply related to low rainfall and meteoric recharge rate or high local sulfate concentration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hackley, Paul C.; Warwick, Peter D.; Swanson, Sharon M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hook, Robert W.] Univ Texas Austin, Vertebrate Paleontol Lab, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Alimi, Hossein] Weatherford Labs, Shenandoah, TX 77384 USA. [Mastalerz, Maria] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov OI Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783; Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 FU USGS FX The work was supported by the USGS Energy Resources Program. R. Gesserman assisted with petrographic analysis. Drilling efforts were led by A. Clark (USGS). Discussions with E. Rowan (USGS) were helpful in understanding thermal maturity and burial history in the study area. Comments from R. Burruss and M. Varonka of USGS and journal reviewers H. Petersen and J. Francu improved the manuscript. The questions of the late R. W. Stanton (USGS, Reston) regarding coal-rank data reported for south Texas contributed to the USGS's early work in the region. Any use of trade, product, or firm names herein is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 85 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 46 BP 137 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.02.008 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 938GN UT WOS:000303722000012 ER PT J AU Jay, JA Pritchard, ME West, ME Christensen, D Haney, M Minaya, E Sunagua, M McNutt, SR Zabala, M AF Jay, Jennifer A. Pritchard, Matthew E. West, Michael E. Christensen, Douglas Haney, Matthew Minaya, Estela Sunagua, Mayel McNutt, Stephen R. Zabala, Mario TI Shallow seismicity, triggered seismicity, and ambient noise tomography at the long-dormant Uturuncu Volcano, Bolivia SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Seismology; Triggered earthquakes; Earthquake swarms; South America ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; ANDEAN SUBDUCTION ZONE; SOCORRO MAGMA BODY; HEAT-FLOW; NEW-MEXICO; ALASKA; CALIFORNIA; UNREST; DEFORMATION AB Using a network of 15 seismometers around the inflating Uturuncu Volcano from April 2009 to 2010, we find an average rate of about three local volcano-tectonic earthquakes per day, and swarms of 5-60 events a few times per month with local magnitudes ranging from -1.2 to 3.7. The earthquake depths are near sea level, more than 10 km above the geodetically inferred inflation source and the Altiplano Puna Magma Body. The Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake on 27 February 2010 triggered hundreds of earthquakes at Uturuncu with the onset of the Love and Rayleigh waves and again with the passage of the X2/X3 overtone phases of Rayleigh waves. This is one of the first incidences in which triggering has been observed from multiple surface wave trains. The earthquakes are oriented NW-SE similar to the regional faults and lineaments. The b value of the catalog is 0.49, consistent with a tectonic origin of the earthquakes. We perform ambient noise tomography using Love wave cross-correlations to image a low-velocity zone at 1.9 to 3.9 km depth below the surface centered slightly north of the summit. The low velocities are perhaps related to the hydrothermal system and the low-velocity zone is spatially correlated with earthquake locations. The earthquake rate appears to vary with time-a seismic deployment from 1996 to 1997 reveals 1-5 earthquakes per day, whereas 60 events/day were seen during 5 days using one seismometer in 2003. However, differences in analysis methods and magnitudes of completeness do not allow direct comparison of these seismicity rates. The rate of seismic activity at Uturuncu is higher than at other well-monitored inflating volcanoes during periods of repose. The frequent swarms and triggered earthquakes suggest the hydrothermal system is metastable. C1 [Jay, Jennifer A.; Pritchard, Matthew E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [West, Michael E.; Christensen, Douglas; McNutt, Stephen R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haney, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Minaya, Estela; Zabala, Mario] Observ San Calixto, La Paz, Bolivia. [Sunagua, Mayel] SERGEOTECMIN, La Paz, Bolivia. RP Jay, JA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 3162 Snee Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jaj88@cornell.edu RI Pritchard, Matthew/L-5892-2015 OI Pritchard, Matthew/0000-0003-3616-3373 FU NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) [NNX08AT02G]; NSF (National Science Foundation) [0908281] FX This project would not have been possible without the help of the Bolivian Servicio de Areas Protegidas (especially the staff at the Reserva Eduardo Avaroa), the residents of Quetena Chico and Quetena Grande, and the staff of the Observatorio San Calixto. Seismic instruments were provided by Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL). We thank Diego Martinez, David Cassis Chuquisea, Luis Galvan, Tom Fournier, Lloyd Carothers, Anna Bellesiles, Branden Christensen, Scott Henderson, and the Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Tecnico de Minas for assistance in the field. We also thank Zach Chartrand, Christopher Bruton, Nicole Button, and Bekah Tsigonis for help in earthquake picking and location. This work was supported by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) grant NNX08AT02G issued through the Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division and NSF (National Science Foundation) grant 0908281 which is part of the PLUTONS project (plutons.science. oregonstate.edu). NR 57 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 74 IS 4 BP 817 EP 837 DI 10.1007/s00445-011-0568-7 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 933ZZ UT WOS:000303408700003 ER PT J AU Muhlfeld, CC Thorrold, SR McMahon, TE Marotz, B AF Muhlfeld, Clint C. Thorrold, Simon R. McMahon, Thomas E. Marotz, Brian TI Estimating westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) movements in a river network using strontium isoscapes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; GEOCHEMICAL SIGNATURES; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; AMERICAN SHAD; NATAL ORIGINS; SR ISOTOPES; FISH; RESIDENT; MARKERS; SALMON AB We used natural variation in the strontium concentration (Sr:Ca) and isotope composition (Sr-87:Sr-86) of stream waters and corresponding values recorded in otoliths of westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) to examine movements during their life history in a large river network. We found significant spatial differences in Sr:Ca and Sr-87:Sr-86 values (strontium isoscapes) within and among numerous spawning and rearing streams that remained relatively constant seasonally. Both Sr:Ca and Sr-87:Sr-86 values in the otoliths of juveniles collected from nine natal streams were highly correlated with those values in the ambient water. Strontium isoscapes measured along the axis of otolith growth revealed that almost half of the juveniles had moved at least some distance from their natal streams. Finally, otolith Sr profiles from three spawning adults confirmed homing to natal streams and use of nonoverlapping habitats over their migratory lifetimes. Our study demonstrates that otolith geochemistry records movements of cutthroat trout through Sr isoscapes and therefore provides a method that complements and extends the utility of conventional tagging techniques in understanding life history strategies and conservation needs of freshwater fishes in river networks. C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McMahon, Thomas E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Marotz, Brian] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012 OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517 FU Bonneville Power Administration; Montana Fish, Wildlife Parks; US Geological Survey; NSF [OCE-0134998, OCE-0215905] FX Bonneville Power Administration, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the US Geological Survey funded this work. Partial support was provided by NSF grants OCE-0134998 and OCE-0215905 to SRT. We thank S. Glutting, R. Hunt, D. Daniels, M. Boyer, and J. Wachsmuth for their assistance in the field collecting the samples and J. Giersch and D. Kotter for assistance with the figures. We thank B. Kennedy, J. Kershner, and B. Gillanders for their helpful reviews of previous drafts. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This research was conducted in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act and its subsequent amendments. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 31 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 69 IS 5 BP 906 EP 915 DI 10.1139/F2012-033 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 934MG UT WOS:000303447800010 ER PT J AU Phelps, QE Whitledge, GW Tripp, SJ Smith, KT Garvey, JE Herzog, DP Ostendorf, DE Ridings, JW Crites, JW Hrabik, RA Doyle, WJ Hill, TD AF Phelps, Quinton E. Whitledge, Gregory W. Tripp, Sara J. Smith, Kurt T. Garvey, James E. Herzog, David P. Ostendorf, David E. Ridings, Joseph W. Crites, Jason W. Hrabik, Robert A. Doyle, Wyatt J. Hill, Tracy D. TI Identifying river of origin for age-0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeons in the Missouri and Mississippi rivers using fin ray microchemistry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; TRACE-ELEMENT SIGNATURES; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; LIFE-HISTORY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RUSSIAN STURGEON; PALLID STURGEON; MARINE FISH; FRESH-WATER; OTOLITHS AB Understanding linkages between natal and nursery habitats is critical for conservation of riverine fishes. Scaphirhynchus sturgeons inhabiting the middle Mississippi River may originate from the Missouri or Mississippi rivers, although relative importance of these recruitment sources is unknown. We characterized the relationship between water and sturgeon fin ray Sr:Ca, verified shifts in water Sr:Ca are recorded in age-0 sturgeon fin rays, and determined whether age-0 sturgeons from the Mississippi and Missouri rivers exhibited distinct fin ray Sr:Ca signatures. Fin ray Sr:Ca of laboratory-reared fish reflected transfer from water with elevated Sr:Ca to ambient water 1 day posthatch, indicating that short-term residency in environments can be detected. Nine of 30 age-0 fish captured in the middle Mississippi River were Missouri River emigrants. Four of these emigrants originated in the upper portion of the lower Missouri River (>= 589 km upstream from its mouth), where water Sr:Ca is higher compared with the lowermost section of the Missouri River and the Mississippi River. Twenty-five of 30 fish collected from the lowermost section of the Missouri River originated within this river segment; the remainder originated upriver. Fin ray Sr:Ca enables identification of natal river segment for age-0 sturgeons and contributions of river segments to sturgeon recruitment. C1 [Phelps, Quinton E.; Whitledge, Gregory W.; Tripp, Sara J.; Smith, Kurt T.; Garvey, James E.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Phelps, Quinton E.; Herzog, David P.; Ostendorf, David E.; Ridings, Joseph W.; Crites, Jason W.; Hrabik, Robert A.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Open Rivers & Wetlands Field Stn, Jackson, MO 63755 USA. [Doyle, Wyatt J.; Hill, Tracy D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia Natl Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Phelps, QE (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, Open Rivers & Wetlands Field Stn, 3815 E Jackson Blvd, Jackson, MO 63755 USA. EM quinton.phelps@mdc.mo.gov RI Garvey, Jim/A-4919-2012 OI Garvey, Jim/0000-0001-5393-9351 FU United States Army Corps of Engineers FX Funding for this research was provided by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Fin ray analyses were performed by Eric Freeburg and Robyn Hannigan (University of Massachusetts-Boston). Water chemistry analyses were completed at the Center for Trace Analysis, University of Southern Mississippi (Alan Shiller). We thank Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery for providing age-0 sturgeon used in this study. We thank James Candrl and Diana Papoulias (USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center) for providing sturgeon eggs for the laboratory study. We also thank Jesse Trushenski and Heidi Lewis for assisting with the laboratory experiment. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 37 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 69 IS 5 BP 930 EP 941 DI 10.1139/F2012-038 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 934MG UT WOS:000303447800012 ER PT J AU Marshall, M Funk, C Michaelsen, J AF Marshall, Michael Funk, Christopher Michaelsen, Joel TI Examining evapotranspiration trends in Africa SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Climate change; Land surface models; VIC; Africa ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; ATMOSPHERE WATER FLUX; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEMIARID ENVIRONMENTS; PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; SAHEL RAINFALL; NOAA AVHRR AB Surface temperatures are projected to increase 3-4A degrees C over much of Africa by the end of the 21st century. Precipitation projections are less certain, but the most plausible scenario given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is that the Sahel and East Africa will experience modest increases (similar to 5%) in precipitation by the end of the 21st century. Evapotranspiration (E-a) is an important component of the water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles that impact several climate properties, processes, and feedbacks. The interaction of E-a with climate change drivers remains relatively unexplored in Africa. In this paper, we examine the trends in E-a, precipitation (P), daily maximum temperature (T-max), and daily minimum temperature (T-min) on a seasonal basis using a 31 year time series of variable infiltration capacity (VIC) land surface model (LSM) E-a. The VIC model captured the magnitude, variability, and structure of observed runoff better than other LSMs and a hybrid model included in the analysis. In addition, we examine the inter-correlations of E-a, P, T-max, and T-min to determine relationships and potential feedbacks. Unlike many IPCC climate change simulations, the historical analysis reveals substantial drying over much of the Sahel and East Africa during the primary growing season. In the western Sahel, large increases in daily maximum temperature appear linked to E-a declines, despite modest rainfall recovery. The decline in E-a and latent heating in this region could lead to increased sensible heating and surface temperature, thus establishing a possible positive feedback between E-a and surface temperature. C1 [Marshall, Michael; Michaelsen, Joel] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Christopher] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Marshall, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM marshall@geog.ucsb.edu; cfunk@usgs.gov; joel@geog.ucsb.edu NR 93 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 38 IS 9-10 BP 1849 EP 1865 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1299-y PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 934ML UT WOS:000303448300010 ER PT J AU Dixon, MD Johnson, WC Scott, ML Bowen, DE Rabbe, LA AF Dixon, Mark D. Johnson, W. Carter Scott, Michael L. Bowen, Daniel E. Rabbe, Lisa A. TI Dynamics of Plains Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Forests and Historical Landscape Change along Unchannelized Segments of the Missouri River, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Riparian vegetation; Flow regulation; Dams; Channel change; Great Plains ID GREAT-PLAINS; NORTH-DAKOTA; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; WISCONSIN RIVER; FLOW REGULATION; LAND-USE; DAMS; ESTABLISHMENT; RESTORATION AB Construction of six large dams and reservoirs on the Missouri River over the last 50-75 years has resulted in major landscape changes and alterations in flow patterns, with implications for riparian forests dominated by plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides). We quantified changes in land cover from 1892-1950s and the 1950s-2006 and the current extent and age structure of cottonwood forests on seven segments (two reservoir and five remnant floodplain) comprising 1127 km (53 %) of the unchannelized upper two-thirds of the Missouri River. Riparian forest area declined by 49 %; grassland 61 %; shrubland 52 %; and sandbar habitat 96 %; while agricultural cropland increased six-fold and river/reservoir surface area doubled from 1892 to 2006. Net rates of erosion and accretion declined between the 1892-1950s and 1950s-2006 periods. Accretion exceeded erosion on remnant floodplain segments, resulting in declines in active channel width, particularly in 1950s-2006. Across all study segments in 2006, most cottonwood stands (67 %) were > 50 years old, 22 % were 25-50 years old, and only 10 % were < 25 years old. Among stands < 50 years old, the higher proportion of 25-50 year old stands represents recruitment that accompanied initial post-dam channel narrowing; while declines in sandbar and shrubland area and the low proportion of stands < 25 years old suggest declines in geomorphic dynamism and limited recruitment under recent river management. Future conservation and restoration efforts should focus both on limiting further loss of remnant cottonwood stands and developing approaches to restore river dynamics and cottonwood recruitment processes. C1 [Dixon, Mark D.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Johnson, W. Carter] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Bowen, Daniel E.] Benedictine Coll, Dept Biol, Atchison, KS 66002 USA. [Rabbe, Lisa A.] USA, Corps Engineers, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. [Scott, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dixon, MD (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM Mark.Dixon@usd.edu RI Dixon, Mark/F-2641-2011 OI Dixon, Mark/0000-0002-0345-5655 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City District [W912DQ-07-C-0011]; University of South Dakota FX Funding was provided via contract # W912DQ-07-C-0011 from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City District, with additional funding from the University of South Dakota. Caleb Caton, Rebekah Jessen, Adam Benson, Lisa Yager and other students at the University of South Dakota, and Elizabeth Reynolds, Dale Kohlmetz, Christopher Peltz, Michael Dodrill, Lindsey Washkoviak, Brittany Hummel, Keir Morse, and Tara Kline from the U. S. Geological Survey assisted with field sampling and mapping. Wes Christensen, Jesse Wolff, Heather Campbell and Drew Price from USD and Tammy Fancher and Hanna Moyer from USGS conducted much of the photo-interpretation and GIS work. Jon Kragt, USACE, Omaha District, provided georeferenced, digital copies of the 1892 Missouri River Commission maps. Tim Cowman, Missouri River Institute at USD, provided historical imagery and access to computer server space. Danielle Quist provided data on historical flows on imagery dates. Malia Volke of SDSU drafted our study area map. We thank representatives from numerous agencies and institutions, including the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Land Management, Northern Prairies Land Trust, Yankton Sioux and Lower Brule Sioux Tribes, and South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, for providing access to field sites. Finally, we thank the numerous private landowners who graciously provided access to their land. NR 69 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 49 IS 5 BP 990 EP 1008 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9842-5 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934WO UT WOS:000303477700006 PM 22476667 ER PT J AU Bielmyer, GK Arnold, WR Tomasso, JR Isely, JJ Klaine, SJ AF Bielmyer, Gretchen K. Arnold, W. Ray Tomasso, Joseph R. Isely, Jeff J. Klaine, Stephen J. TI Effects of roof and rainwater characteristics on copper concentrations in roof runoff SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Copper-roof runoff; Modeling; Stormwater management; Water quality AB Copper sheeting is a common roofing material used in many parts of the world. However, copper dissolved from roof sheeting represents a source of copper ions to watersheds. Researchers have studied and recently developed a simple and efficient model to predict copper runoff rates. Important input parameters include precipitation amount, rain pH, and roof angle. We hypothesized that the length of a roof also positively correlates with copper concentration (thus, runoff rates) on the basis that runoff concentrations should positively correlate with contact time between acidic rain and the copper sheet. In this study, a novel system was designed to test and model the effects of roof length (length of roof from crown to the drip edge) on runoff copper concentrations relative to rain pH and roof angle. The system consisted of a flat-bottom copper trough mounted on an apparatus that allowed run length and slope to be varied. Water of known chemistry was trickled down the trough at a constant rate and sampled at the bottom. Consistent with other studies, as pH of the synthetic rainwater decreased, runoff copper concentrations increased. At all pH values tested, these results indicated that run length was more important in explaining variability in copper concentrations than was the roof slope. The regression equation with log-transformed data (R (2) = 0.873) accounted for slightly more variability than the equation with untransformed data (R (2) = 0.834). In log-transformed data, roof angle was not significant in predicting copper concentrations. C1 [Bielmyer, Gretchen K.] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Arnold, W. Ray] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Waters E Texas Ctr, Div Environm Sci, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Nacogdoches, TX 75964 USA. [Tomasso, Joseph R.] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Isely, Jeff J.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC USA. [Klaine, Stephen J.] Clemson Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol CU ENTOX, Clemson, SC USA. RP Bielmyer, GK (reprint author), Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, 1500 North Patterson, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. EM gkbielmyer@valdosta.edu FU Copper Development Association, New York, NY, USA FX The authors would like to thank Ron Gossett for building the model system, Shawn Young for conducting the multi-way regressions, and John Smink for drawing Fig. 1. The authors would also like to thank Adam Ryan, Eric VanGenderen, Milton Taylor, Katherine Sciera, Kristen Long, Holly Zahner, and Ryan Otter for help in collecting data. This study was funded by the Copper Development Association, New York, NY, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 184 IS 5 BP 2797 EP 2804 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2152-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933RX UT WOS:000303381300015 PM 21713491 ER PT J AU Kraus, RT Jones, RC AF Kraus, Richard T. Jones, R. Christian TI Fish abundances in shoreline habitats and submerged aquatic vegetation in a tidal freshwater embayment of the Potomac River SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Potomac River; Tidal freshwater; Hydrilla; SAV; Gear efficiency; Enclosure sampling; Fish recruitment; Chesapeake Bay ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; LITTORAL FISH; SAMPLING CHARACTERISTICS; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SHALLOW-WATER; SALT-MARSH; ESTUARINE; ASSEMBLAGES AB Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) is considered an important habitat for juvenile and small forage fish species, but many long-term recruitment surveys do not effectively monitor fish communities in SAV. To better understand the impact of recent large increases of SAV on the fish community in tidal freshwater reaches of the Potomac River, we compared traditional seine sampling from shore with drop ring sampling of SAV beds (primarily Hydrilla) in a shallow water (depths, < 1.5 m) embayment, Gunston Cove. To accomplish this, we developed species-specific catch efficiency values for the seine gear and calculated area-based density in both shoreline and SAV habitats in late summer of three different years (2007, 2008, and 2009). For the dominant species (Fundulus diaphanus, Lepomis macrochirus, Etheostoma olmstedi, Morone americana, Lepomis gibbosus, and Fundulus heteroclitus), density was nearly always higher in SAV, but overall, species richness was highest in shoreline habitats sampled with seines. Although historical monitoring of fish in Gunston Cove (and throughout Chesapeake Bay) is based upon seine sampling (and trawl sampling in deeper areas), the high densities of fish and larger areal extent of SAV indicated that complementary sampling of SAV habitats would produce more accurate trends in abundances of common species. Because drop ring samples cover much less area than seines and may miss rare species, a combination of methods that includes seine sampling is needed for biodiversity assessment. The resurgence of SAV in tidal freshwater signifies improving water quality, and methods we evaluated here support improved inferences about population trends and fish community structure as indicators of ecosystem condition. C1 [Kraus, Richard T.; Jones, R. Christian] George Mason Univ, Potomac Environm Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Kraus, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM rkraus@usgs.gov FU Fairfax County Department of Public Works and Environmental Services; GMU FX We are indebted to Don Kelso for substantial contributions to this work and our knowledge of the fish community in Gunston Cove by establishing and managing the seine monitoring program from 1985 to 2006. We would like to thank the numerous undergraduate and graduate students who assisted with the field work and an anonymous reviewer who provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This study was supported by several grants from Fairfax County Department of Public Works and Environmental Services awarded to R.C.J. In addition, R. T. K. is grateful for faculty research development awards from GMU to develop the catch efficiency and drop ring sampling aspects of this study. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 184 IS 5 BP 3341 EP 3357 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2192-6 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933RX UT WOS:000303381300054 PM 21713468 ER PT J AU Long, JM Nibbelink, NP McAbee, KT Stahli, JW AF Long, James M. Nibbelink, Nathan P. McAbee, Kevin T. Stahli, Julie W. TI Assessment of Freshwater Fish Assemblages and Their Habitats in the National Park Service System of the Southeastern United States SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION STATUS; NORTH-AMERICA; TERRESTRIAL; ECOSYSTEMS; CATONOTUS; PERCIDAE; IMPACTS; COVER AB The southeast region of the United States contains the highest diversity of freshwater fish species in the country: approximately 662 species. Existing protected areas like units of the National Park Service (NPS) should reflect this biodiversity, but there has been no broad-scale assessment. We compiled several data sets identifying native freshwater fish species distributions in and surrounding NPS units and threats to those resources. Focusing on the 26 NPS units containing only freshwater fish species, we documented 288 species within NPS boundaries. The largest NPS units tended to have the most fish species and aquatic habitat but also the greatest amount of alteration. Increasing rates of urbanization, declines in percentage agriculture land cover, and increased density of road-stream crossings in surrounding watersheds were good predictors of nonindigenous species presence within NPS unit boundaries. These results help document the role of NPS units in conserving freshwater fish diversity and, in this region, suggest that measures aimed at controlling urbanization in the adjacent watersheds could affect the diversity of freshwater fish communities in these units. C1 [Long, James M.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Nibbelink, Nathan P.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McAbee, Kevin T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Utah Ecol Serv Field Off, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Stahli, Julie W.] Metro Wastewater Reclamat Dist, Denver, CO 80229 USA. RP Long, JM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 404 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM longjm@okstate.edu FU National Park Service; University of Georgia and administered through the Piedmont-South Atlantic Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit [J5028000705]; U.S. Geological Survey; Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Lori Brons and the students of N. Nibbelink's Spatial Analysis for Natural Resources class at the University of Georgia who helped compile data and create maps. Pam Fuller (U.S. Geological Survey) provided data on nonindigenous aquatic species. We thank John Wullschleger, Michele Thieme, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Rick Bivens, Steve Moore, Pat Rakes, Ed Scott, and Patrick Flaherty helped resolve occurrences of recently described species within parks. This work was funded through a Challenge Cost Share agreement between the National Park Service and the University of Georgia and administered through the Piedmont-South Atlantic Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit as Task Agreement J5028000705. The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma State University, the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Mention of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products or software or models, whether commercially available or not, does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAY PY 2012 VL 37 IS 5 BP 212 EP 225 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.676835 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936KX UT WOS:000303590400003 ER PT J AU Blondes, MS Brandon, MT Reiners, PW Page, FZ Kita, NT AF Blondes, Madalyn S. Brandon, Mark T. Reiners, Peter W. Page, F. Zeb Kita, Noriko T. TI Generation of Forsteritic Olivine (Fo(99 center dot 8)) by Subsolidus Oxidation in Basaltic Flows SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE forsterite; olivine; subsolidus oxidation; symplectite; vesicular basalt ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE VARIATIONS; PINE VOLCANIC FIELD; CONTACT-METAMORPHISM; SIERRA-NEVADA; LIMESTONE ASSIMILATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MANTLE XENOLITHS; CALIFORNIA; ROCKS; INTRUSION AB We identify olivine grains with compositions up to Fo(99 center dot 8), which are found in multiple primitive basaltic lava flows from a monogenetic volcano in the Big Pine Volcanic Field, California, USA. In this study, we show that the forsterite in these basalts formed by subsolidus recrystallization in a high-fO(2) environment. Olivine compositions are bimodal, with flows having either all normal compositions (Fo(74 center dot 9-94 center dot 4)) or highly forsteritic (Fo(97 center dot 2-99 center dot 8)) compositions. In many grains, the subhedral forsteritic olivine has a hematite and clinopyroxene rim, and internal parallel-oriented planes of hematite, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. Results of isotopic, chemical, crystallographic, petrographic and mineralogical analyses show that the forsterite formed through subsolidus oxidation of olivine phenocrysts. The forsteritic olivines generally occur in the thinner flows. We infer that a rapidly emplaced sequence of thin, vesicular, spatter-fed flows allowed the original olivine phenocrysts to become repeatedly reheated while exposed to air. Our study required sampling each flow, so it was difficult to avoid the altered portions of the thinner flows. Other studies would tend to avoid such flows, which may account for why such forsteritic olivines have not been more widely recognized. C1 [Reiners, Peter W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Page, F. Zeb; Kita, Noriko T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, WISC SIMS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Page, F. Zeb] Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Blondes, Madalyn S.; Brandon, Mark T.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Blondes, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mblondes@usgs.gov RI Page, F. Zeb/N-4563-2014; Kita, Noriko/H-8035-2016 OI Page, F. Zeb/0000-0002-2100-0806; Kita, Noriko/0000-0002-0204-0765 FU UW-Madison by NSF [EAR0440343]; DoE [93ER14389]; NSF [EAR03-19230, EAR05-16725, EAR07-44079] FX F.Z.P. made SIMS analyses while supported as a post-doctoral fellow at UW-Madison by NSF (EAR0440343) and DoE (93ER14389). Wisc-SIMS is partly supported by NSF (EAR03-19230, EAR05-16725, EAR07-44079). NR 56 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 53 IS 5 BP 971 EP 984 DI 10.1093/petrology/egs006 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 933BY UT WOS:000303335500005 ER PT J AU Saiki, MK Martin, BA May, TW Brumbaugh, WG AF Saiki, Michael K. Martin, Barbara A. May, Thomas W. Brumbaugh, William G. TI Assessment of Two Nonnative Poeciliid Fishes for Monitoring Selenium Exposure in the Endangered Desert Pupfish SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Stable isotopes; Gut contents; Gambusia affinis; Poecilia latipinna; Cyprinodon macularius ID FOOD; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION; DELTA-C-13; WATER AB We assessed the suitability of two nonnative poeciliid fishes-western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna)-for monitoring selenium exposure in desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius). Our investigation was prompted by a need to avoid lethal take of an endangered species (pupfish) when sampling fish for chemical analysis. Total selenium (SeTot) concentrations in both poeciliids were highly correlated with SeTot concentrations in pupfish. However, mean SeTot concentrations varied among fish species, with higher concentrations measured in mosquitofish than in mollies and pupfish from one of three sampled agricultural drains. Moreover, regression equations describing the relationship of selenomethionine to SeTot differed between mosquitofish and pupfish, but not between mollies and pupfish. Because selenium accumulates in animals primarily through dietary exposure, we examined fish trophic relationships by measuring stable isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) and gut contents. According to delta C-13 measurements, the trophic pathway leading to mosquitofish was more carbon-depleted than trophic pathways leading to mollies and pupfish, suggesting that energy flow to mosquitofish originated from allochthonous sources (terrestrial vegetation, emergent macrophytes, or both), whereas energy flow to mollies and pupfish originated from autochthonous sources (filamentous algae, submerged macrophytes, or both). The delta N-15 measurements indicated that mosquitofish and mollies occupied similar trophic levels, whereas pupfish occupied a slightly higher trophic level. Analysis of gut contents showed that mosquitofish consumed mostly winged insects (an indication of terrestrial taxa), whereas mollies and pupfish consumed mostly organic detritus. Judging from our results, only mollies (not mosquitofish) are suitable for monitoring selenium exposure in pupfish. C1 [Saiki, Michael K.; Martin, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [May, Thomas W.; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Saiki, MK (reprint author), 2013 Promenade Dr, Woodland, CA 95776 USA. EM michael_saiki@usgs.gov FU Imperial Irrigation District (IID); USGS FX The authors are grateful to the Imperial Irrigation District (IID) and the USGS Fisheries: Aquatic and Endangered Resources Program for funding the work described in this report. Bruce Wilcox of IID assisted with contract management and provided invaluable logistical support. Harry Ohlendorf, Jeff Tupen, and members of the IID Implementation Team provided project guidance and technical oversight. John Besser and Harry Ohlendorf reviewed an early draft of this report. The USGS personnel who contributed significantly to this project in the field or laboratory include Brianne Brussee, Cory Emerson, Sun Rui, and Michael Walther. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 223 IS 4 BP 1671 EP 1683 DI 10.1007/s11270-011-0974-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 933TO UT WOS:000303385800019 ER PT J AU Brand, LA Smith, LM Takekawa, JY Athearn, ND Taylor, K Shellenbarger, GG Schoellhamer, DH Spenst, R AF Brand, L. Arriana Smith, Lacy M. Takekawa, John Y. Athearn, Nicole D. Taylor, Karen Shellenbarger, Gregory G. Schoellhamer, David H. Spenst, Renee TI Trajectory of early tidal marsh restoration: Elevation, sedimentation and colonization of breached salt ponds in the northern San Francisco Bay SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry; Elevation; Marshplain development; Salt marsh; Salt pond; Spartina foliosa ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; WETLAND RESTORATION; TIJUANA-ESTUARY; PLANT ZONATION; ACCRETION; EVOLUTION; USA; CALIFORNIA; SALINITY; NETWORKS AB Tidal marsh restoration projects that cover large areas are critical for maintaining target species, yet few large sites have been studied and their restoration trajectories remain uncertain. A tidal marsh restoration project in the northern San Francisco Bay consisting of three breached salt ponds (>= 300 ha each; 1175 ha total) is one of the largest on the west coast of North America. These diked sites were subsided and required extensive sedimentation for vegetation colonization, yet it was unclear whether they would accrete sediment and vegetate within a reasonable timeframe. We conducted bathymetric surveys to map substrate elevations using digital elevation models and surveyed colonizing Pacific cordgrass (Spartina foliosa). The average elevation of Pond 3 was 0.96 +/- 0.19 m (mean +/- SD; meters NAVD88) in 2005. In 2008-2009, average pond elevations were 1.05 +/- 0.25 m in Pond 3, 0.81 +/- 0.26 m in Pond 4, and 0.84 +/- 0.24 m in Pond 5 (means +/- SD; meters NAVD88). The largest site (Pond 3; 508 ha) accreted 9.5 +/- 0.2 cm (mean +/- SD) over 4 years, but accretion varied spatially and ranged from sediment loss in borrow ditches and adjacent to an unplanned, early breach to sediment gains up to 33 cm in more sheltered regions. The mean elevation of colonizing S. foliosa varied by pond (F=71.20. df=84, P<0,0001) and was significantly lower in Ponds 4 and 5 compared with Pond 3 which corresponded with greater tidal muting in those ponds. We estimated 16% of Pond 3, 13% of Pond 4, and 24% of Pond 5 were greater than or equal to the median elevation of S. foliosa. Our results suggest that sedimentation to elevations that enable vegetation colonization is feasible in large sites with sufficient sediment loads although may occur more slowly compared with smaller sites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brand, L. Arriana; Smith, Lacy M.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Athearn, Nicole D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Strateg Habitat Conservat Program, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Taylor, Karen] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Napa Sonoma Marshes Petaluma Marsh Wildlife Areas, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Shellenbarger, Gregory G.; Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Spenst, Renee] Ducks Unlimited Canada, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Brand, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM arriana_brand@usgs.gov FU California State Coastal Conservancy; U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; U.S. Geological Survey San Francisco; California Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Conservation Board FX This study was supported by the California State Coastal Conservancy (B. Wilson, N. Petersen, A. Hutzel), the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center (S. Schwarzbach), the U.S. Geological Survey San Francisco Bay Priority Ecosystem Sciences Program (J. Thompson, R. Stewart), the California Department of Fish and Game (L. Wyckoff, T. Huffman), and the Wildlife Conservation Board (B. Turner, P. Perrine, T. Chappelle). Field assistance was provided by J. Shinn, K. Brailsford, C. Daggett, P. Gibson, T. Edgarian, S. Bishop, S. Plotter, K. Hirsch, S. Demers, K. Turner, D. Gaube, H. Bohlmann, and M. Sipes. Discussions with I. Woo, K. Thorne, K. Spragens, J. Shinn, K. Buffington, and S. von Rosenberg improved this manuscript. S. Carroll and A. Payne of Ducks Unlimited, Inc. kindly provided the engineering drawings of the restoration sites at Ponds 3, 4, and 5. We thank W. Mitsch, S. Jones, K. Swanson, S. Chartrand, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. The use of trade names in this document is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 42 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.01.012 PG 11 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 930NJ UT WOS:000303145800003 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB D'Amato, AW AF Bradford, John B. D'Amato, Anthony W. TI Recognizing trade-offs in multi-objective land management SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID PINUS-RESINOSA STANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST MANAGEMENT; DECISION-MAKING; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; MITIGATION AB As natural resource management and conservation goals expand and evolve, practitioners and policy makers are increasingly seeking options that optimize benefits among multiple, often contradictory objectives. Here, we describe a simple approach for quantifying the consequences of alternative management options in terms of benefits and trade-offs among multiple objectives. We examine two long-term forest management experiments that span several decades of stand (forest tree community) development and identify substantial trade-offs among carbon cycling and ecological complexity objectives. In addition to providing improved understanding of the long-term consequences of various management options, the results of these experiments show that positive benefits resulting from some management options are often associated with large trade-offs among individual objectives. The approach to understanding benefits and trade-offs presented here provides a simple yet flexible framework for quantitatively assessing the consequences of different management options. C1 [Bradford, John B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jbradford@usgs.gov RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU US Forest Service Center; NASA [CARBON/04-0225-0191, CARBON/04-0120-0011]; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors are indebted to the numerous USDA Forest Service scientists and technicians who established and maintained the long-term experiments used in this study, particularly B Palik, P Zehngraff, Z Zasada, R Buckman, J Benzie, J Zasada, R Barse, J Elioff, T Strong, GC Erdmann, T Crow, C Kern, and D Kastendick. JBB was supported by funding from the US Forest Service Center for Research on Ecosystem Change and NASA Carbon Cycle Science research grants CARBON/04-0225-0191 and CARBON/04-0120-0011. Funding for AWD was provided by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 56 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 10 IS 4 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1890/110031 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934EC UT WOS:000303425200019 ER PT J AU Xian, G Homer, CG Aldridge, CL AF Xian, George Homer, Collin G. Aldridge, Cameron L. TI Effects of Land Cover and Regional Climate Variations on Long-Term Spatiotemporal Changes in Sagebrush Ecosystems SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; WINTER HABITAT SELECTION; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; VEGETATION RELATIONSHIPS; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; SOIL-WATER; PRECIPITATION; DESERT AB This research investigated the effects of climate and land cover change on variation in sagebrush ecosystems. We combined information of multi-year sagebrush distribution derived from multitemporal remote sensing imagery and climate data to study the variation patterns of sagebrush ecosystems under different potential disturbances. We found that less than 40% of sagebrush ecosystem changes involved abrupt changes directly caused by landscape transformations and over 60% of the variations involved gradual changes directly related to climatic perturbations. The primary increases in bare ground and declines in sagebrush vegetation abundance were significantly correlated with the 1996-2006 decreasing trend in annual precipitation. C1 [Xian, George] ARTS US Geol Survey USGS Earth Resources Observat, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Homer, Collin G.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), ARTS US Geol Survey USGS Earth Resources Observat, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 FU The Wyoming state office; Lander Bureau of Land Management field office; USGS Central Region office; Central Region Integrated Science Proposals; Central Region's DOI on the Landscape Program; USGS [G08PC91508] FX We would like to thank Drs. Jim Vogelmann and Lei Ji from USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center for their suggestions and comments for improving the manuscript. We thank Debbie Meyer for selecting and providing Landsat imagery and certain GIS data layers. We thank Greg Fox, Austin Krcmarik, Chris Mahony, Katie Moon, Roger Pearce, Tracy Perfors, Sarah Rehme, John Severson, and Greg Wann for their tireless efforts to collect all of the field data, and Spencer Shell for his extraordinary efforts in the field. We also thank Dan Neubaum and Diana Keck for coordination of field crews. The Wyoming state office and the Lander Bureau of Land Management field office were instrumental in supporting this project, both logistically and financially. Specifically, we thank T. Rinkes, R. Vigil, K. Henke, and D. Simpson for their support and interest in this research. We thank the USGS Central Region office and all individuals involved with the Central Region Integrated Science Proposals and the Central Region's DOI on the Landscape Program for financial support. George Xian's work is performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 25 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 378 EP 396 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.49.3.378 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 929LO UT WOS:000303065500004 ER PT J AU Kraemer, TF Brabets, TP AF Kraemer, Thomas F. Brabets, Timothy P. TI Uranium isotopes (U-234/U-238) in rivers of the Yukon Basin (Alaska and Canada) as an aid in identifying water sources, with implications for monitoring hydrologic change in arctic regions SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Radioactive isotopes; Climate change; Groundwater/surface-water relations; USA; Canada ID ACTIVITY RATIOS; TRANSPORT AB The ability to detect hydrologic variation in large arctic river systems is of major importance in understanding and predicting effects of climate change in high-latitude environments. Monitoring uranium isotopes (U-234 and U-238) in river water of the Yukon River Basin of Alaska and northwestern Canada (2001-2005) has enhanced the ability to identify water sources to rivers, as well as detect flow changes that have occurred over the 5-year study. Uranium isotopic data for the Yukon River and major tributaries (the Porcupine and Tanana rivers) identify several sources that contribute to river flow, including: deep groundwater, seasonally frozen river-valley alluvium groundwater, and high-elevation glacial melt water. The main-stem Yukon River exhibits patterns of uranium isotopic variation at several locations that reflect input from ice melt and shallow groundwater in the spring, as well as a multi-year pattern of increased variability in timing and relative amount of water supplied from higher elevations within the basin. Results of this study demonstrate both the utility of uranium isotopes in revealing sources of water in large river systems and of incorporating uranium isotope analysis in long-term monitoring of arctic river systems that attempt to assess the effects of climate change. C1 [Kraemer, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Brabets, Timothy P.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Kraemer, TF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tkraemer@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 20 IS 3 BP 469 EP 481 DI 10.1007/s10040-012-0829-3 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 929IW UT WOS:000303055500005 ER PT J AU Markham, BL Haque, MO Barsi, JA Micijevic, E Helder, DL Thome, KJ Aaron, D Czapla-Myers, JS AF Markham, Brian L. Haque, Md. Obaidul Barsi, Julia A. Micijevic, Esad Helder, Dennis L. Thome, Kurtis J. Aaron, David Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey S. TI Landsat-7 ETM+: 12 Years On-Orbit Reflective-Band Radiometric Performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM plus ); Landsat; radiometry ID CALIBRATION; SENSORS; SITES AB The Landsat-7 ETM+ sensor has been operating on orbit for more than 12 years, and characterizations of its performance have been ongoing over this period. In general, the radiometric performance of the instrument has been remarkably stable: 1) noise performance has degraded by 2% or less overall, with a few detectors displaying step changes in noise of 2% or less; 2) coherent noise frequencies and magnitudes have generally been stable, though the within-scan amplitude variation of the 20 kHz noise in bands 1 and 8 disappeared with the failure of the scan line corrector and a new similar frequency noise (now about 18 kHz) has appeared in two detectors in band 5 and increased in magnitude with time; 3) bias stability has been better than 0.25 DN out of a normal value of 15 DN in high gain; 4) relative gains, the differences in response between the detectors in the band, have generally changed by 0.1% or less over the mission, with the exception of a few detectors with a step response change of 1% or less; and 5) gain stability averaged across all detectors in a band, which is related to the stability of the absolute calibration, has been more stable than the techniques used to measure it. Due to the inability to confirm changes in the gain (beyond a few detectors that have been corrected back to the band average), ETM+ reflective band data continues to be calibrated with the prelaunch measured gains. In the worst case, some bands may have changed as much as 2% in uncompensated absolute calibration over the 12 years. C1 [Markham, Brian L.; Thome, Kurtis J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Haque, Md. Obaidul; Micijevic, Esad] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Haque, Md. Obaidul; Micijevic, Esad] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Barsi, Julia A.] SSAI Inc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Helder, Dennis L.] S Dakota State Univ, Coll Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Aaron, David] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Phys, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey S.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Markham, BL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Brian.L.Markham@nasa.gov; ohaque@usgs.gov; Julia.A.Barsi@nasa.gov; emicijevic@usgs.gov; Dennis.Helder@SDSTATE.edu; Kurtis.Thome@nasa.gov; David.Aaron@SDSTATE.edu; j.czapla-myers@optics.arizona.edu RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013; OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169; Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-4804-5358 FU NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change (LCLUC) Project office; USGS [G10PC00044] FX Manuscript received June 13, 2011; revised August 17, 2011; accepted September 11, 2011. Date of publication November 3, 2011; date of current version April 18, 2012. The NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change (LCLUC) Project office supported this effort. USGS support was provided through contract G10PC00044. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 2056 EP 2062 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2169803 PN 2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 931GW UT WOS:000303205400028 ER PT J AU Kilgore, B Lozos, J Beeler, N Oglesby, D AF Kilgore, Brian Lozos, Julian Beeler, Nick Oglesby, David TI Laboratory Observations of Fault Strength in Response to Changes in Normal Stress SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT FRICTION; DYNAMIC RUPTURE; SLIP FAULTS; STATE; VELOCITY AB Changes in fault normal stress can either inhibit or promote rupture propagation, depending on the fault geometry and on how fault shear strength varies in response to the normal stress change. A better understanding of this dependence will lead to improved earthquake simulation techniques, and ultimately, improved earthquake hazard mitigation efforts. We present the results of new laboratory experiments investigating the effects of step changes in fault normal stress on the fault shear strength during sliding, using bare Westerly granite samples, with roughened sliding surfaces, in a double direct shear apparatus. Previous experimental studies examining the shear strength following a step change in the normal stress produce contradictory results: a set of double direct shear experiments indicates that the shear strength of a fault responds immediately, and then is followed by a prolonged slip-dependent response, while a set of shock loading experiments indicates that there is no immediate component, and the response is purely gradual and slip-dependent. In our new, high-resolution experiments, we observe that the acoustic transmissivity and dilatancy of simulated faults in our tests respond immediately to changes in the normal stress, consistent with the interpretations of previous investigations, and verify an immediate increase in the area of contact between the roughened sliding surfaces as normal stress increases. However, the shear strength of the fault does not immediately increase, indicating that the new area of contact between the rough fault surfaces does not appear preloaded with any shear resistance or strength. Additional slip is required for the fault to achieve a new shear strength appropriate for its new loading conditions, consistent with previous observations made during shock loading. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4005883] C1 [Kilgore, Brian; Beeler, Nick] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lozos, Julian; Oglesby, David] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Beeler, Nick] US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Kilgore, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bkilgore@usgs.gov; jlozo001@ucr.edu; nbeeler@usgs.gov; david.oglesby@ucr.edu RI Kilgore, Brian/K-3433-2012 OI Kilgore, Brian/0000-0003-0530-7979 FU U.S. Geological Survey [02HQAG0008]; Southern California Earthquake Center; NSF [EAR-0106924] FX We would like to thank Jim Dieterich for insightful discussion, and Kohei Nagata for technical guidance and helpful discussions related to this work. Kohei conducted normal stress step experiments on Lucite plastic and granite, which are the basis of the present study. Insightful reviews by Diane Moore, Carolyn Morrow, and one anonymous reviewer substantially improved this paper. This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and by the Southern California Earthquake Center through a research grant to the University of California at Riverside. The SCEC is funded by the NSF Cooperative Agreement No. EAR-0106924 and the USGS Cooperative Agreement No. 02HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1516. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2012 VL 79 IS 3 AR 031007 DI 10.1115/1.4005883 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 932AQ UT WOS:000303261700008 ER PT J AU Harte, PT Smith, TE Williams, JH Degnan, JR AF Harte, Philip T. Smith, Thor E. Williams, John H. Degnan, James R. TI Time series geophysical monitoring of permanganate injections and in situ chemical oxidation of PCE, OU1 area, Savage Superfund Site, Milford, NH, USA SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ISCO; Oxidant; Permanganate; Electromagnetic induction logging; Resistivity; Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) ID RESISTIVITY; TOMOGRAPHY AB In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) treatment with sodium permanganate, an electrically conductive oxidant, provides a strong electrical signal for tracking of injectate transport using time series geophysical surveys including direct current (DC) resistivity and electromagnetic (EM) methods. Effective remediation is dependent upon placing the oxidant in close contact with the contaminated aquifer. Therefore, monitoring tools that provide enhanced tracking capability of the injectate offer considerable benefit to guide subsequent ISCO injections. Time-series geophysical surveys were performed at a superfund site in New Hampshire, USA over a one-year period to identify temporal changes in the bulk electrical conductivity of a tetrachloroethylene (PCE; also called tetrachloroethene) contaminated, glacially deposited aquifer due to the injection of sodium permanganate. The ISCO treatment involved a series of pulse injections of sodium permanganate from multiple injection wells within a contained area of the aquifer. After the initial injection, the permanganate was allowed to disperse under ambient groundwater velocities. Time series geophysical surveys identified the downward sinking and pooling of the sodium permanganate atop of the underlying till or bedrock surface caused by density-driven flow, and the limited horizontal spread of the sodium permanganate in the shallow parts of the aquifer during this injection period. When coupled with conventional monitoring, the surveys allowed for an assessment of ISCO treatment effectiveness in targeting the PCE plume and helped target areas for subsequent treatment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Harte, Philip T.; Smith, Thor E.; Degnan, James R.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Williams, John H.] US Geol Survey, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. RP Harte, PT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 331 Commerce Way,Suite 2, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. EM ptharte@usgs.gov; tesmith@usgs.gov; jhwillia@usgs.gov; jrdegnan@usgs.gov FU Savage Superfund site; USEPA, Region 1; NHDES; Weston, Inc. FX This work was made possible through assistance from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Region 1 and New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES). The authors would like to thank the remedial project managers of the Savage Superfund site, Mike Jasinski of USEPA, Region 1; and Robin Mongeon of NHDES, for their project support. James 'Alton" Anderson from the U.S. Geological Survey, NY Water Science Center, provided additional borehole logging assistance including neutron density logging to assist in porosity estimates and his contributions are much appreciated. Bette Nowack of Weston, Inc. provided important logistical cooperation and support. Lou Barinelli, chemist at the NHDES Laboratory, provided additional support in performing chemical analyses of groundwater samples. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 132 BP 58 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.01.008 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 933LN UT WOS:000303363100006 PM 22459605 ER PT J AU Halbert, ND Gogan, PJP Hedrick, PW Wahl, JM Derr, JN AF Halbert, Natalie D. Gogan, Peter J. P. Hedrick, Philip W. Wahl, Jacquelyn M. Derr, James N. TI Genetic Population Substructure in Bison at Yellowstone National Park SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE bison; conservation; population structure; wildlife management ID NORTH-AMERICAN BISON; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; PER-GENERATION RULE; DOMESTIC CATTLE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; INFERENCE; PROGRAM; HERDS AB The Yellowstone National Park bison herd is 1 of only 2 populations known to have continually persisted on their current landscape since pre-Columbian times. Over the last century, the census size of this herd has fluctuated from around 100 individuals to over 3000 animals. Previous studies involving radiotelemetry, tooth wear, and parturition timing provide evidence of at least 2 distinct groups of bison within Yellowstone National Park. To better understand the biology of Yellowstone bison, we investigated the potential for limited gene flow across this population using multilocus Bayesian clustering analysis. Two genetically distinct and clearly defined subpopulations were identified based on both genotypic diversity and allelic distributions. Genetic cluster assignments were highly correlated with sampling locations for a subgroup of live capture individuals. Furthermore, a comparison of the cluster assignments to the 2 principle winter cull sites revealed critical differences in migration patterns across years. The 2 Yellowstone subpopulations display levels of differentiation that are only slightly less than that between populations which have been geographically and reproductively isolated for over 40 years. The identification of cryptic population subdivision and genetic differentiation of this magnitude highlights the importance of this biological phenomenon in the management of wildlife species. C1 [Halbert, Natalie D.; Wahl, Jacquelyn M.; Derr, James N.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gogan, Peter J. P.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Hedrick, Philip W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Derr, JN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jderr@cvm.tamu.edu FU National Park Service [00CRAG0036]; Ullman Professorship FX National Park Service (00CRAG0036) and Ullman Professorship (P.W.H.). NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 103 IS 3 BP 360 EP 370 DI 10.1093/jhered/esr140 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 933AO UT WOS:000303331800006 PM 22319098 ER PT J AU Tucker, RD Moine, B AF Tucker, Robert D. Moine, Bernard TI Discussion of: Petrogenesis and Nd-, Pb-, Sr-isotope geochemistry of the Cenozoic olivine melilites and olivine nephelinites ("ankaratrites") in Madagascar by Leone Melluso, Anton P. le Roex, and Vincenzo Morra. Lithos 127, 505-521 SO LITHOS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Takarindiona; Olivine-nepheline melilitite; Cenozoic; Madagascar C1 [Tucker, Robert D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Moine, Bernard] GET OMP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Moine, Bernard] GET OMP, F-82400 Piac, France. RP Tucker, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rtucker@usgs.gov; moine.b@wanadoo.fr NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD MAY PY 2012 VL 140 BP 255 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2011.11.027 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 929WC UT WOS:000303095400018 ER PT J AU Warnecke, L Turner, JM Bollinger, TK Lorch, JM Misra, V Cryan, PM Wibbelt, G Blehert, DS Willis, CKR AF Warnecke, Lisa Turner, James M. Bollinger, Trent K. Lorch, Jeffrey M. Misra, Vikram Cryan, Paul M. Wibbelt, Gudrun Blehert, David S. Willis, Craig K. R. TI Inoculation of bats with European Geomyces destructans supports the novel pathogen hypothesis for the origin of white-nose syndrome SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fungal pathogen; infectious disease; invasive species; Chiroptera; wildlife conservation ID EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; HIBERNATION; MORTALITY; AROUSALS; TORPOR; MYOTIS AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease of hibernating bats associated with cutaneous infection by the fungus Geomyces destructans (Gd), and responsible for devastating declines of bat populations in eastern North America. Affected bats appear emaciated and one hypothesis is that they spend too much time out of torpor during hibernation, depleting vital fat reserves required to survive the winter. The fungus has also been found at low levels on bats throughout Europe but without mass mortality. This finding suggests that Gd is either native to both continents but has been rendered more pathogenic in North America by mutation or environmental change, or that it recently arrived in North America as an invader from Europe. Thus, a causal link between Gd and mortality has not been established and the reason for its high pathogenicity in North America is unknown. Here we show that experimental inoculation with either North American or European isolates of Gd causes WNS and mortality in the North American bat, Myotis lucifugus. In contrast to control bats, individuals inoculated with either isolate of Gd developed cutaneous infections diagnostic of WNS, exhibited a progressive increase in the frequency of arousals from torpor during hibernation, and were emaciated after 3-4 mo. Our results demonstrate that altered torpor-arousal cycles underlie mortality from WNS and provide direct evidence that Gd is a novel pathogen to North America from Europe. C1 [Warnecke, Lisa; Turner, James M.; Willis, Craig K. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Warnecke, Lisa; Turner, James M.; Willis, Craig K. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Ctr Forest Interdisciplinary Res, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Misra, Vikram] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Bollinger, Trent K.] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Dept Vet Pathol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wibbelt, Gudrun] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. RP Willis, CKR (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. EM c.willis@uwinnipeg.ca RI Willis, Craig/F-5218-2013; OI Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252; Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Canada Foundation for Innovation and Manitoba Research, and Innovation; Government of Canada; DAAD, German Academic Exchange Service FX We thank M. Burmester, P. Mason, and M. Weiss for animal care support; C. Rainbow, C. Wilson, and M. Zimmer for pathology assistance; P. Withers for assistance with statistical analyses; M. Kilpatrick and W. Frick for helpful discussions; and M. Brigham, B. Fenton, and an anonymous reviewer for excellent comments on drafts of the manuscript. Funding was provided by a US Fish and Wildlife Service grant (to C.K.R.W., D.S.B., and P.M.C.); grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the Canada Foundation for Innovation and Manitoba Research, and Innovation Fund (to C.K.R.W.); and a Government of Canada Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship and a fellowship within the Postdoc Programme of the DAAD, German Academic Exchange Service (to L.W.). NR 21 TC 128 Z9 131 U1 14 U2 153 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 18 BP 6999 EP 7003 DI 10.1073/pnas.1200374109 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 936PI UT WOS:000303602100051 PM 22493237 ER PT J AU James-Pirri, MJ Erwin, RM Prosser, DJ Taylor, JD AF James-Pirri, Mary-Jane Erwin, R. Michael Prosser, Diann J. Taylor, Janith D. TI Responses of Salt Marsh Ecosystems to Mosquito Control Management Practices along the Atlantic Coast (USA) SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater; nekton; OMWM; open marsh water management; vegetation ID WATER MANAGEMENT; TIDAL RESTRICTION; VEGETATION CHANGE; NEKTON; RESTORATION; MASSACHUSETTS; PREDATION; HABITATS; CREEKS; BIRDS AB Open marsh water management (OMWM) of salt marshes modifies grid-ditched marshes by creating permanent ponds and radial ditches in the high marsh that reduce mosquito production and enhance fish predation on mosquitoes. It is preferable to using pesticides to control salt marsh mosquito production and is commonly presented as a restoration or habitat enhancement tool for grid-ditched salt marshes. Monitoring of nekton, vegetation, groundwater level, soil salinity, and bird communities before and after OMWM at 11 (six treatment and five reference sites) Atlantic Coast (U.S.A.) salt marshes revealed high variability within and among differing OMWM techniques (ditch-plugging, reengineering of sill ditches, and the creation of ponds and radial ditches). At three marshes, the dominant nekton shifted from fish (primarily Fundulidae species) to shrimp (Palaemonidae species) after manipulations and shrimp density increased at other treatment sites. Vegetation changed at only two sites, one with construction equipment impacts (not desired) and one with a decrease in woody vegetation along existing ditches (desired). One marsh had lower groundwater level and soil salinity, and bird use, although variable, was often unrelated to OMWM manipulations. The potential effects of OMWM manipulations on non-target salt marsh resources need to be carefully considered by resource planners when managing marshes for mosquito control. C1 [James-Pirri, Mary-Jane] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Erwin, R. Michael] Univ Virginia, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Prosser, Diann J.] Beltsville Lab, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Taylor, Janith D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newington, NH 03801 USA. RP James-Pirri, MJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mjjp@gso.uri.edu OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [1434-99 HQAG0023, 99023HS008]; University of Rhode Island FX We are grateful for the help of U.S. Fish and Wildlife staff, volunteers, and graduate and undergraduate students at the University of Rhode Island who collected field data and the cooperation of local mosquito control organizations that performed on-the-ground manipulations and provided insightful suggestions. C. Roman, J. Heltshe, and H. Ginsberg provided invaluable assistance and insight. Several anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Cooperative Agreement 1434-99 HQAG0023, Sub-agreement 99023HS008, with the University of Rhode Island. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This manuscript is dedicated to the late D. Melvin, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Biologist at Parker River NWR. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 20 IS 3 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00767.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929JB UT WOS:000303056000016 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, A Ray, A Al-Chokhachy, R Muhlfeld, C Gresswell, R Gross, J Kershner, J AF Sepulveda, Adam Ray, Andrew Al-Chokhachy, Robert Muhlfeld, Clint Gresswell, Robert Gross, Jackson Kershner, Jeff TI Aquatic Invasive Species: Lessons from Cancer Research The medical community's successes in fighting cancer offer a model for preventing the spread of harmful invasive species SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID TROUT C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint] NRMSC, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT USA. RP Sepulveda, A (reprint author), USGS BRD NOROCK, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 100 IS 3 BP 234 EP 242 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 926MH UT WOS:000302834600020 ER PT J AU Taylor, HE Antweiler, RC Roth, DA Alpers, CN Dileanis, P AF Taylor, H. E. Antweiler, R. C. Roth, D. A. Alpers, C. N. Dileanis, P. TI Selected Trace Elements in the Sacramento River, California: Occurrence and Distribution SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WATER SAMPLES; METALS; COLORADO; TRIBUTARIES; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; ZINC; LEAD AB The impact of trace elements from the Iron Mountain Superfund site on the Sacramento River and selected tributaries is examined. The concentration and distribution of many trace elements-including aluminum, arsenic, boron, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, cerium, cobalt, chromium, cesium, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, iron, gadolinium, holmium, potassium, lanthanum, lithium, lutetium, manganese, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, lead, praseodymium, rubidium, rhenium, antimony, selenium, samarium, strontium, terbium, thallium, thulium, uranium, vanadium, tungsten, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc, and zirconium-were measured using a combination of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Samples were collected using ultraclean techniques at selected sites in tributaries and the Sacramento River from below Shasta Dam to Freeport, California, at six separate time periods from mid-1996 to mid-1997. Trace-element concentrations in dissolved (ultrafiltered [0.005-mu m pore size]) and colloidal material, isolated at each site from large volume samples, are reported. For example, dissolved Zn ranged from 900 mu g/L at Spring Creek (Iron Mountain acid mine drainage into Keswick Reservoir) to 0.65 mu g/L at the Freeport site on the Sacramento River. Zn associated with colloidal material ranged from 4.3 mu g/L (colloid-equivalent concentration) in Spring Creek to 21.8 mu g/L at the Colusa site on the Sacramento River. Virtually all of the trace elements exist in Spring Creek in the dissolved form. On entering Keswick Reservoir, the metals are at least partially converted by precipitation or adsorption to the particulate phase. Despite this observation, few of the elements are removed by settling; instead the majority is transported, associated with colloids, downriver, at least to the Bend Bridge site, which is 67 km from Keswick Dam. Most trace elements are strongly associated with the colloid phase going downriver under both low- and high-flow conditions. C1 [Taylor, H. E.; Antweiler, R. C.; Roth, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Alpers, C. N.; Dileanis, P.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95189 USA. RP Taylor, HE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,St E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM hetaylor@usgs.gov; antweil@usgs.gov; daroth@usgs.gov; cnalpers@usgs.gov; dileanis@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 77 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 62 IS 4 BP 557 EP 569 DI 10.1007/s00244-011-9738-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 926CS UT WOS:000302809500002 PM 22193863 ER PT J AU Benson, BJ Magnuson, JJ Jensen, OP Card, VM Hodgkins, G Korhonen, J Livingstone, DM Stewart, KM Weyhenmeyer, GA Granin, NG AF Benson, Barbara J. Magnuson, John J. Jensen, Olaf P. Card, Virginia M. Hodgkins, Glenn Korhonen, Johanna Livingstone, David M. Stewart, Kenton M. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Granin, Nick G. TI Extreme events, trends, and variability in Northern Hemisphere lake-ice phenology (1855-2005) SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; TEMPERATURE-CHANGES; AIR TEMPERATURES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BREAK-UP; WISCONSIN LAKES; COVER; DATES; PATTERNS; FINLAND AB Often extreme events, more than changes in mean conditions, have the greatest impact on the environment and human well-being. Here we examine changes in the occurrence of extremes in the timing of the annual formation and disappearance of lake ice in the Northern Hemisphere. Both changes in the mean condition and in variability around the mean condition can alter the probability of extreme events. Using long-term ice phenology data covering two periods 1855-6 to 2004-5 and 1905-6 to 2004-5 for a total of 75 lakes, we examined patterns in long-term trends and variability in the context of understanding the occurrence of extreme events. We also examined patterns in trends for a 30-year subset (1975-6 to 2004-5) of the 100-year data set. Trends for ice variables in the recent 30-year period were steeper than those in the 100- and 150-year periods, and trends in the 150-year period were steeper than in the 100-year period. Ranges of rates of change (days per decade) among time periods based on linear regression were 0.3-1.6 later for freeze, 0.5-1.9 earlier for breakup, and 0.7-4.3 shorter for duration. Mostly, standard deviation did not change, or it decreased in the 150-year and 100-year periods. During the recent 50-year period, standard deviation calculated in 10-year windows increased for all ice measures. For the 150-year and 100-year periods changes in the mean ice dates rather than changes in variability most strongly influenced the significant increases in the frequency of extreme lake ice events associated with warmer conditions and decreases in the frequency of extreme events associated with cooler conditions. C1 [Benson, Barbara J.; Magnuson, John J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Card, Virginia M.] Metropolitan State Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, St Paul, MN 55106 USA. [Hodgkins, Glenn] US Geol Survey, Maine Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Korhonen, Johanna] Freshwater Ctr, Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki 00251, Finland. [Livingstone, David M.] Eawag, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Water Resources & Drinking Water, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Stewart, Kenton M.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden. [Granin, Nick G.] Limnol Inst, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. RP Benson, BJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, 680 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bjbenson@wisc.edu FU US National Science Foundation [DEB-9527669, DEB-0217533, DEB-0822700] FX We gratefully acknowledge all the colleagues who have contributed to the lake ice phenology database and the National Snow and Ice Data Center for providing a permanent repository for the data. The Swedish ice data were kindly contributed from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The land surface air temperature data were generated by the Climate Research Unit and the Hadley Centre. The North Temperate Lakes LTER database manager, David Balsiger, provided crucial support in maintaining and updating the database. The work and associated workshops were supported by the US National Science Foundation (DEB-9527669, DEB-0217533, DEB-0822700). NR 69 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 2012 VL 112 IS 2 BP 299 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0212-8 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 919LJ UT WOS:000302327700008 ER PT J AU Zimmer, VL Collins, BD Stock, GM Sitar, N AF Zimmer, Valerie L. Collins, Brian D. Stock, Greg M. Sitar, Nicholas TI Rock fall dynamics and deposition: an integrated analysis of the 2009 Ahwiyah Point rock fall, Yosemite National Park, USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE rockfall; LiDAR; seismic; Yosemite Valley; talus ID TALUS SLOPES; FRENCH ALPS; HAPPY ISLES; CALIFORNIA; VALLEY; HAZARD AB We analyzed a combination of airborne and terrestrial LiDAR, high-resolution photography, seismic, and acoustic data in order to gain insights into the initiation, dynamics, and talus deposition of a complex rock fall. A large (46 700?m3) rock fall originated from near Ahwiyah Point in eastern Yosemite Valley and fell a total of 730?m to the valley floor on 28 March 2009. Analyses of remote sensing, seismic, and acoustic data were integrated to reconstruct the rock fall, which consisted of (1) the triggering of a 25 400?m3 rock block in an area of intersecting and sometimes highly weathered joint planes, (2) the sliding and subsequent ballistic trajectory of the block from a steeply dipping ledge, (3) dislodging of additional rock from the cliff surface from beneath the rock fall source area, (4) a mid-cliff ledge impact that detached a volume of rock nearly equivalent in volume to the initial block, (5) sliding of the deteriorating rock mass down the remainder of the cliff, and (6) final impact at the base of the cliff that remobilized the existing talus downward and outward and produced an airblast that knocked down hundreds of trees. The depositional geomorphology indicates that the porosity of the fresh talus is significantly lower than that expected for typical blocky talus slopes, likely because the rock debris from this event was pulverized into smaller, more poorly sorted fragments and densified via dynamic compaction when compared to less energetic, fragmental-type rock falls. These results suggest that accumulation of individual rock-fall boulders tends to steepen talus slopes, whereas large, energetic rock falls tend to flatten them. Detachment and impact signals were recorded by seismic and acoustic instruments and highlight the potential use of this type of instrumentation for generalized rock fall monitoring, while LiDAR and photography data were able to quantify the cliff geometry, rock fall volume, source and impact locations, and geomorphological changes to the cliff and talus. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Zimmer, Valerie L.; Sitar, Nicholas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stock, Greg M.] Natl Pk Serv, El Portal, CA USA. RP Zimmer, VL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vlzimmer@gmail.com OI Sitar, Nicholas/0000-0001-7253-5985 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) SGER [0840580]; US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [EAR-0552316]; Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration; National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) SGER Grant # 0840580 to N. Sitar and by the US Geological Survey Landslide Hazard Program to B. Collins. Seismic instruments were provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and by the PASSCAL Instrument Center at New Mexico Tech, of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS). The facilities of the IRIS Consortium are supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-0552316 and by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration. Acoustic microphones were loaned by the InfraVolc Research Group at New Mexico Tech. Airborne LiDAR data collected in 2010 were provided through a National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) graduate student Seed project grant. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 37 IS 6 BP 680 EP 691 DI 10.1002/esp.3206 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 927GW UT WOS:000302896400009 ER PT J AU Nam, DH Yates, D Ardapple, P Evers, DC Schmerfeld, J Basu, N AF Nam, Dong-Ha Yates, David Ardapple, Pedro Evers, David C. Schmerfeld, John Basu, Niladri TI Elevated mercury exposure and neurochemical alterations in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from a site with historical mercury contamination SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methyl mercury; South River; Ecotoxicology; Neurochemical biomarkers; Wildlife ID MINK MUSTELA-VISON; WILD RIVER OTTERS; CAPTIVE MINK; ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES; LONTRA-CANADENSIS; MINAMATA DISEASE; BALD EAGLES; METHYLMERCURY; SELENIUM; HEALTH AB Despite evidence of persistent methylmercury (MeHg) contamination in the South River (Virginia, USA) ecosystem, there is little information concerning MeHg-associated neurological impacts in resident wildlife. Here we determined mercury (Hg) concentrations in tissues of insectivorous little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) collected from a reference site and a MeHg-contaminated site in the South River ecosystem. We also explored whether neurochemical biomarkers (monoamine oxidase, MAO; acetylcholinesterase, ChE; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, mAChR; N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, NMDAR) previously shown to be altered by MeHg in other wildlife were associated with brain Hg levels in these bats. Concentrations of Hg (total and MeHg) in tissues were significantly higher (10-40 fold difference) in South River bats when compared to reference sites. Mean tissue mercury levels (71.9 ppm dw in liver, 7.14 ppm dw in brain, 132 ppm fw in fur) in the South River bats exceed (sub)-clinical thresholds in mammals. When compared to the South River bats, animals from the reference site showed a greater ability to demethylate MeHg in brain (33.1% of total Hg was MeHg vs. 65.5%) and liver (8.9% of total Hg was MeHg vs. 50.8%) thus suggesting differences in their ability to detoxify and eliminate Hg. In terms of Hg-associated neurochemical biomarker responses, interesting biphasic responses were observed with an inflection point between 1 and 5 ppm dw in the brain. In the reference bats Hg-associated decreases in MAO (r = -0.61; p < 0.05) and ChE (r = -0.79; p < 0.01) were found in a manner expected but these were not found in the bats from the contaminated site. Owing to high Hg exposures, differences in Hg metabolism, and the importance of the aforementioned neurochemicals in multiple facets of animal health, altered or perhaps even a lack of expected neurochemical responses in Hg-contaminated bats raise questions about the ecological and physiological impacts of Hg on the bat population as well as the broader ecosystem in the South River. C1 [Nam, Dong-Ha; Basu, Niladri] Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yates, David; Ardapple, Pedro; Evers, David C.] Biodivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME USA. [Schmerfeld, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Basu, N (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM niladri@umich.edu OI Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037 FU University of Michigan School of Public Health; Biodiversity Research Institute (BRI) FX This study was funded by the University of Michigan School of Public Health and Biodiversity Research Institute (BRI). We thank Rick Reynolds from the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) for providing project advice. Also, special thanks to Larry, Josh, and the crew at the Augusta Forestry Center for their generosity in allowing use of their facility and field equipment. We offer a special thanks to Dan Cristol from the College of William and Mary and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists Casey Huck, Bita Zahedi, Tim Divoll, provided dedicated field assistance. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAY PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1094 EP 1101 DI 10.1007/s10646-012-0864-9 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 925ZK UT WOS:000302800900012 PM 22331394 ER PT J AU Berejikian, BA Larsen, DA Swanson, P Moore, ME Tatara, CP Gale, WL Pasley, CR Beckman, BR AF Berejikian, Barry A. Larsen, Donald A. Swanson, Penny Moore, Megan E. Tatara, Christopher P. Gale, William L. Pasley, Chris R. Beckman, Brian R. TI Development of natural growth regimes for hatchery-reared steelhead to reduce residualism, fitness loss, and negative ecological interactions SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Steelhead trout; Fitness; Domestication; Ecological interactions; Residualism; Hatchery ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; GENETIC-VARIATION; MALE MATURATION; WILD ANCESTRY; LIFE-HISTORY; RIVER; SALAR AB Wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) typically spend two or more years in freshwater before migrating to sea, but hatchery steelhead are almost ubiquitously released as yearlings. Their large size at release coupled with life history pathways that include both male and female maturation in freshwater present ecological risks different from those posed by hatchery populations of Pacific salmon. Yearling hatchery reared steelhead that fail to attain minimum thresholds for smoltification or exceed thresholds for male maturation tend to 'residualize' (i.e., remain in freshwater). Residuals pose ecological risks including size-biased interference competition and predation on juvenile salmon and trout. Three hatchery populations of steelhead in Hood Canal, WA were reared under growth regimes designed to produce a more natural age at smoltification (age-2) to aid in rebuilding their respective natural populations. Mean smolt sizes and size variability at age-2 were within the range of wild smolts for two of the three populations. The third population reared at a different facility under similar temperatures exhibited high growth rate variability and high male maturation rates (20% of all released fish). Experimentally comparing age-1 and age-2 smolt programs will help identify optimal rearing strategies to reduce the genetic risk of domestication selection and reduce residualism rates and associated negative ecological effects on natural populations. Investigations of Winthrop National Fish Hatchery summer-run steelhead will measure a) selection on correlated behavioral traits ('behavioral syndromes'), b) degree of smoltification, c) changes in hormones that regulate gonad growth at key developmental stages, and d) conduct extensive post-release monitoring of fish reared under each growth regime. C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.; Moore, Megan E.; Tatara, Christopher P.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Larsen, Donald A.; Swanson, Penny; Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gale, William L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mid Columbia River Fishery Resource Off, Leavenworth, WA 98826 USA. [Pasley, Chris R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 15 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9788-0 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925EB UT WOS:000302742500004 ER PT J AU Stark, JD Chen, XD Johnson, CS AF Stark, John D. Chen, Xue Dong Johnson, Catherine S. TI Effects of herbicides on Behr's metalmark butterfly, a surrogate species for the endangered butterfly, Lange's metalmark SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; Butterflies; Herbicides; Toxicity ID FROGS XENOPUS-LAEVIS; AROMATASE EXPRESSION; ATRAZINE; WILDLIFE; FIELD; SF-1 AB Lange's metalmark butterfly, Apodemia mormo langei Comstock, is in danger of extinction due to loss of habitat caused by invasive exotic plants which are eliminating its food, naked stem buckwheat. Herbicides are being used to remove invasive weeds from the dunes; however, little is known about the potential effects of herbicides on butterflies. To address this concern we evaluated potential toxic effects of three herbicides on Behr's metalmark, a close relative of Lange's metalmark. First instars were exposed to recommended field rates of triclopyr, sethoxydim, and imazapyr. Life history parameters were recorded after exposure. These herbicides reduced the number of adults that emerged from pupation (24-36%). Each herbicide has a different mode of action. Therefore, we speculate that effects are due to inert ingredients or indirect effects on food plant quality. If these herbicides act the same in A. mormo langei, they may contribute to the decline of this species. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stark, John D.; Chen, Xue Dong] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Entomol, Ecotoxicol Program, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Johnson, Catherine S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Stark, JD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Entomol, Ecotoxicol Program, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM starkj@wsu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [200880001.1]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Recovery Program (SFWO) FX We thank Christy Smith, Louis Terrazas, and Susan Euing of Antioch Dunes NWR, Kevin Aceituno, Sacramento Fish and Wildlife office, Jana Johnson, Adam Clause, Amanda Lansing, and Christine Behringer, Moorpark College, and Gordon Pratt, University of California, Riverside for rearing and providing Behr's metalmark butterflies used in this study. This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Contaminants Investigations Project (Project ID #200880001.1) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Recovery Program (SFWO). NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 164 BP 24 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.011 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928GO UT WOS:000302971400004 PM 22310058 ER PT J AU Williams, ES Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC AF Williams, E. Spencer Mahler, Barbara J. Van Metre, Peter C. TI Coal-tar pavement sealants might substantially increase children's PAH exposures SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Human health risk assessment; Coal tar; Parking lot sealants; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID SETTLED HOUSE-DUST C1 [Williams, E. Spencer] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Williams, ES (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, 1 Bear Pl,97178, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM sp_williams@baylor.edu OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 164 BP 40 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.010 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928GO UT WOS:000302971400007 PM 22327113 ER PT J AU Mosher, S Cope, WG Weber, FX Shea, D Kwak, TJ AF Mosher, Shad Cope, W. Gregory Weber, Frank X. Shea, Damian Kwak, Thomas J. TI Effects of lead on Na+, K+-ATPase and hemolymph ion concentrations in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; Elliptio complanata; lead; bioavailability; Na; K plus -ATPase ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; ANODONTA-CYGNEA; INORGANIC LEAD; LIFE STAGES; BIVALVE; PB; TOXICITY AB Freshwater mussels are an imperiled fauna exposed to a variety of environmental toxicants such as lead (Pb) and studies are urgently needed to assess their health and condition to guide conservation efforts. A 28-day laboratory toxicity test with Pb and adult Eastern elliptio mussels (Elliptio complanata) was conducted to determine uptake kinetics and to assess the toxicological effects of Pb exposure. Test mussels were collected from a relatively uncontaminated reference site and exposed to a water-only control and five concentrations of Pb (as lead nitrate) ranging from 1 to 245 mu g/L in a static renewal test with a water hardness of 42 mg/L. Endpoints included tissue Pb concentrations, hemolymph Pb and ion (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+) concentrations, and Na+, K+-ATPase enzyme activity in gill tissue. Mussels accumulated Pb rapidly, with tissue concentrations increasing at an exposure-dependent rate for the first 2 weeks, but with no significant increase from 2 to 4 weeks. Mussel tissue Pb concentrations ranged from 0.34 to 898 mu g/g dry weight, were strongly related to Pb in test water at every time interval (7, 14, 21, and 28 days), and did not significantly increase after day 14. Hemolymph Pb concentration was variable, dependent on exposure concentration, and showed no appreciable change with time beyond day 7, except for mussels in the greatest exposure concentration (245 mu g/L), which showed a significant reduction in Pb by 28 days, suggesting a threshold for Pb binding or elimination in hemolymph at concentrations near 1000 mu g/g. The Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the gill tissue of mussels was significantly reduced by Pb on day 28 and was highly correlated with tissue Pb concentration (R2 = 0.92; P = 0.013). The Na+, K+-ATPase activity was correlated with reduced hemolymph Na+ concentration at the greatest Pb exposure when enzyme activity was at 30% of controls. Hemolymph Ca2+ concentration increased significantly in mussels from the greatest Pb exposure and may be due to remobilization from the shell in an attempt to buffer the hemolymph against Pb uptake and toxicity. We conclude that Na+, K+-ATPase activity in mussels was adversely affected by Pb exposure, however, because the effects on activity were variable at the lower test concentrations, additional research is warranted over this range of exposures. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012. C1 [Mosher, Shad; Cope, W. Gregory] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Weber, Frank X.] Res Triangle Inst, Raleigh, NC 27709 USA. [Shea, Damian; Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mosher, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mosher.shad@epa.gov FU North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) [HWY-2007-03]; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Contract grant sponsor: The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT); Contract grant number: HWY-2007-03; We wish to thank Tamara Pandolfo and Peter Lazaro for technical assistance in the laboratory and Consuelo Arellano for assistance with statistical analysis. We thank the laboratory of Dr. Chris Wood, and particularly Ms. Iftikar for assistance and advice on the Na+, K+-ATPase assay. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We wish to thank James Peterson and Ryan Heise for their review of an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1520-4081 EI 1522-7278 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 27 IS 5 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1002/tox.20639 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 925YA UT WOS:000302797100002 PM 20725939 ER PT J AU Clarkson, CE Erwin, RM Riscassi, A AF Clarkson, Charles E. Erwin, R. Michael Riscassi, Ami TI The use of novel biomarkers to determine dietary mercury accumulation in nestling waterbirds SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Waterbirds; Ptilochronology; Feathers; Nestlings ID HERON NYCTICORAX NYCTICORAX; EGRET EGRETTA GARZETTA; NEW-YORK HARBOR; FEATHER GROWTH; GREAT EGRET; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; SNOWY EGRET; ARDEA-ALBUS AB Mercury (Hg) depuration into growing feathers is a well-studied phenomenon in waterbirds. Although the kinetics of Hg excretion in relation to molt and diet has been studied extensively, the relationship between the individual nutritional condition of nestlings and dietary Hg accumulation has not been investigated. In the present study, a body-condition index (BCI) and nutritional condition index (NCI) for nestlings of two waterbird species occupying different trophic positions on the aquatic food web were determined and used to predict Hg accumulation through diet. Candidate models consisting of these indices and nestling age were compared using Akaike's information criterion corrected for small sample sizes. For both species, the top-performing model contained the sole parameter of nutritional condition index (NCI). The relationship between Hg and NCI was stronger in the species foraging higher on the trophic web, which experienced higher rates of Hg depuration into feathers. Models containing BCI could not be discounted (AICc?2,600?m latitude-adjusted elevation (LAE; n?=?2,257 wolverine locations [12 F, 6 M]). Wolverines avoided areas <2,150?m LAE, including during winter when the vast majority of ungulates are pushed to these elevations by deep snow. Wolverine home ranges were large relative to body size, averaging 303?km2 for adult females and 797?km2 for adult males (n?=?13 [8 F, 5 M] and 33 wolverine-years). Resident adults fit with Global Positioning System (GPS) collars used an area >75% the size of their multi-year home range in an average of 32 days (n?=?7 [5 F, 2 M]). Average movement rates of 1.3?km/2-hr indicated that both sexes move distances equivalent to the diameter of their home range every 2 days or the circumference of their home range in <1 week (n?=?1,329 2-hr movements, n?=?12 individuals [7 F, 5 M]). This capability for movement, the short time-frame over which home ranges were developed, and a lack of home range overlap by same sex adults (${\bar {x}} = 2.1\%\;{\rm overlap}$, 90% CI?=?0.04.8%, n?=?22 pairs) suggested territoriality. We estimated wolverine density to be 3.5/1,000?km2 of area >2,150?m LAE (95% CI?=?2.89.6). Dispersal movements extended to at least 170?km for both sexes (n?=?5 F, 2 M). At the southern edge of distribution, where suitable and unsuitable conditions exist in close proximity, wolverines selected high-elevation areas near alpine tree-line where a mix of forest, meadow, and boulder fields were present, deep snow-cover existed during winter, and low temperatures near freezing can occur throughout the year. Persistence in these areas where the growing season is brief requires large home ranges that are regularly patrolled, a social system that provides exclusive access to resources, and low densities. These characteristics, along with low reproductive rates, are prevalent throughout the species range, indicating that wolverines are specialists at exploiting a cold, unproductive niche where interspecific competition is limited. The vulnerability inherent in occupying this unproductive niche was likely influential in previous declines within the conterminous United States and will remain a factor as wolverines encounter modern human influences. Conserving wolverines in the conterminous United States will require collaborative management over a large geographic scale. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Inman, Robert M.; Packila, Mark L.; Inman, Kristine H.; Mccue, Anthony J.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ennis, MT 59729 USA. [Inman, Robert M.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Grimso Wildlife Res Stn, Dept Ecol, Ennis, MT 59729 USA. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Persson, Jens] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Grimso Wildlife Res Stn, SE-73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden. [Aber, Bryan C.] US Forest Serv, Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Island Pk, ID 83429 USA. [Aber, Bryan C.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Island Pk, ID 83429 USA. [Orme, Mark L.] US Forest Serv, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. [Alt, Kurt L.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Cain, Steven L.] Natl Pk Serv, Moose, WY 83012 USA. [Fredrick, Jay A.] US Forest Serv, Ennis, MT 59729 USA. [Oakleaf, Bob J.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Lander, WY 82520 USA. [Sartorius, Shawn S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Inman, RM (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Wildlife Conservat Soc, 222 E Main St,Lone Elk Suite 3B, Ennis, MT 59729 USA. EM binman@wcs.org OI Persson, Jens/0000-0003-1405-7561 FU Beaverhead-Deerlodge and Bridger-Teton National Forests; Brainerd Foundation; Bullitt Foundation; Canyon Creek Foundation; Caribou-Targhee National Forest; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; Gallatin National Forest; Grand Teton National Park; Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Laura Moore Cunningham Foundation; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Geographic Conservation Trust; New York Community Trust; Richard King Mellon Foundation; Tapeats Fund; Wildlife Conservation Society; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; Wilburforce Foundation; Wyoming Game and Fish FX We thank the following for providing major funding, permits, or in-kind support: Beaverhead-Deerlodge and Bridger-Teton National Forests, Brainerd Foundation, Bullitt Foundation, Canyon Creek Foundation, Caribou-Targhee National Forest, Y. Chouinard, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, Gallatin National Forest, Grand Teton National Park, Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Laura Moore Cunningham Foundation, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Geographic Conservation Trust, New York Community Trust, Richard King Mellon Foundation, Tapeats Fund, L. Westbrook, Wildlife Conservation Society Wildlife Action-Opportunities Fund supported by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Wilburforce Foundation, Wyoming Game and Fish, and private individuals. We also thank J. Beecham, D. Betts, A. Chapin, D. Chapman, C. Dickinson, M. Hornocker, D. Horvath, G. Lust, J. Mattisson, F. McCarthy, D. McCauley, K. Pilgrim, K. Quigley, M. Schwartz, R. Spence, R. Wigglesworth, and numerous seasonal field biologists for their dedicated efforts. We appreciate the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 91 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 11 U2 147 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 778 EP 792 DI 10.1002/jwmg.289 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 928QQ UT WOS:000302998300013 ER PT J AU Thompson, CM Royle, JA Garner, JD AF Thompson, Craig M. Royle, J. Andrew Garner, James D. TI A framework for inference about carnivore density from unstructured spatial sampling of scat using detector dogs SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; density; fisher; Martes pennanti; scat detector dogs; WinBUGS ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; POPULATION-SIZE; MARK-RECAPTURE; HIERARCHICAL MODEL; MARTES-PENNANTI; CAMERA-TRAP; PARAMETERS; MANAGEMENT; OCCUPANCY AB Wildlife management often hinges upon an accurate assessment of population density. Although undeniably useful, many of the traditional approaches to density estimation such as visual counts, livetrapping, or markrecapture suffer from a suite of methodological and analytical weaknesses. Rare, secretive, or highly mobile species exacerbate these problems through the reality of small sample sizes and movement on and off study sites. In response to these difficulties, there is growing interest in the use of non-invasive survey techniques, which provide the opportunity to collect larger samples with minimal increases in effort, as well as the application of analytical frameworks that are not reliant on large sample size arguments. One promising survey technique, the use of scat detecting dogs, offers a greatly enhanced probability of detection while at the same time generating new difficulties with respect to non-standard survey routes, variable search intensity, and the lack of a fixed survey point for characterizing non-detection. In order to account for these issues, we modified an existing spatially explicit, capturerecapture model for camera trap data to account for variable search intensity and the lack of fixed, georeferenced trap locations. We applied this modified model to a fisher (Martes pennanti) dataset from the Sierra National Forest, California, and compared the results (12.3?fishers/100?km2) to more traditional density estimates. We then evaluated model performance using simulations at 3 levels of population density. Simulation results indicated that estimates based on the posterior mode were relatively unbiased. We believe that this approach provides a flexible analytical framework for reconciling the inconsistencies between detector dog survey data and density estimation procedures. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Thompson, Craig M.; Garner, James D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Thompson, CM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. EM cthompson@fs.fed.us OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 82 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 863 EP 871 DI 10.1002/jwmg.317 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 928QQ UT WOS:000302998300022 ER PT J AU Bunt, CM Castro-Santos, T Haro, A AF Bunt, C. M. Castro-Santos, T. Haro, A. TI PERFORMANCE OF FISH PASSAGE STRUCTURES AT UPSTREAM BARRIERS TO MIGRATION SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE upstream fish migration; dams; fishways; attraction; passage efficiency; fishway monitoring ID ATLANTIC SALMON; REGULATED RIVER; BYPASS CHANNEL; COLUMBIA RIVER; AMERICAN SHAD; LOWLAND RIVER; DAM; BEHAVIOR; EFFICIENCY; TROUT AB Attraction and passage efficiency were reviewed and compared from 19 monitoring studies that produced data for evaluations of pool-and-weir, Denil, vertical-slot and nature-like fishways. Data from 26 species of anadromous and potamodromous fishes from six countries were separated by year and taxonomic family into a matrix with 101 records. Attraction performance was highly variable for the following fishway structures: pool-and-weir (attraction range?=?29100%, mean?=?77%, median?=?81%), vertical-slot (attraction range?=?0100%, mean?=?63%, median?=?80%), Denil (attraction range?=?21100%, mean?=?61%, median?=?57%) and nature-like (attraction range?=?0100%, mean?=?48%, median?=?50%). Mean passage efficiency was inversely related to mean attraction efficiency by fishway structure type, with the highest passage for nature-like fishways (range?=?0100%, mean?=?70%, median?=?86%), followed by Denil (range?=?097%, mean?=?51%, median?=?38%), vertical-slot (range?=?0100%, mean?=?45%, median?=?43%) and pool-and-weir (range?=?0100%, mean?=?40%, median?=?34%). Principal components analysis and logistic regression modelling indicated that variation in fish attraction was driven by biological characteristics of the fish that were studied, whereas variation in fish passage was related to fishway type, slope and elevation change. This meta-analysis revealed that the species of fish monitored and structural design of the fishways have strong implications for both attraction and passage performance, and in most cases, existing data are not sufficient to support design recommendations. Many more fishway evaluations are needed over a range of species, fishway types and configurations to characterize, to optimize and to design new fishways. Furthermore, these studies must be performed in a consistent manner to identify the relative contributions of fish attraction and passage to overall fishway performance at each site. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bunt, C. M.] Biotact Fish & Wildlife Res Inc, Kitchener, ON N2C 2S4, Canada. [Castro-Santos, T.; Haro, A.] USGS BRD Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Bunt, CM (reprint author), Biotact Fish & Wildlife Res Inc, 691 Hidden Valley Rd, Kitchener, ON N2C 2S4, Canada. EM cbunt@biotactic.com OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172; Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 FU Biotactic Fish and Wildlife Research Incorporated; ECO Canada (Environmental Careers Organization Canada); Industrial Research Assistance Program FX Financial support for this project was provided by Biotactic Fish and Wildlife Research Incorporated, ECO Canada (Environmental Careers Organization Canada) and the Industrial Research Assistance Program administered by the National Research Council of Canada. The authors wish to thank all of the researchers who were contacted and contributed data for this project. We are also grateful to Stephanie Choo-Wing, Jeanette O'Hara-Hines (University of Waterloo Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science) and Emily Taylor for research and assistance with data analysis, figure designs and manuscript preparation. NR 50 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 10 U2 114 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 SI SI BP 457 EP 478 DI 10.1002/rra.1565 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 927UY UT WOS:000302937000006 ER PT J AU Van Manen, FT Mccollister, MF Nicholson, JM Thompson, LM Kindall, JL Jones, MD AF Van Manen, Frank T. Mccollister, Matthew F. Nicholson, Jeremy M. Thompson, Laura M. Kindall, Jason L. Jones, Mark D. TI Short-Term Impacts of a 4-Lane Highway on American Black Bears in Eastern North Carolina SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE American black bear; before-after control-impacts study; capture-mark-recapture; eastern North Carolina; genetic sampling; highway impacts; occupancy models; population response; radiotelemetry; spatiotemporal response; transportation infrastructure; Ursus americanus ID RESOURCE-EXTRACTION INDUSTRIES; WILDLIFE-VEHICLE COLLISIONS; STATISTICAL POWER ANALYSIS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; RECENT MIGRATION RATES; HOME-RANGE ESTIMATORS; GRIZZLY BEARS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; NATIONAL-PARK; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AB Among numerous anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial landscapes, expanding transportation networks represent one of the primary challenges to wildlife conservation worldwide. Larger mammals may be particularly vulnerable because of typically low densities, low reproductive rates, and extensive movements. Although numerous studies have been conducted to document impacts of road networks on wildlife, inference has been limited because of experimental design limitations. During the last decade, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) rerouted and upgraded sections of United States Highway 64 between Raleigh and the Outer Banks to a 4-lane, divided highway. A new route was selected for a 24.1-km section in Washington County. The new section of highway included 3 wildlife underpasses with adjacent wildlife fencing to mitigate the effects of the highway on wildlife, particularly American black bears (Ursus americanus). We assessed the short-term impacts of the new highway on spatial ecology, population size, survival, occupancy, and gene flow of black bears. We tested our research hypotheses using a before-after control-impact (BACI) study design. We collected data during 20002001 (preconstruction phase) and 20062007 (postconstruction phase) in the highway project area and a nearby control area (each approx. 11,000?ha), resulting in 4 groups of data (i.e., pre- or postconstruction study phase, treatment or control area). We captured and radiocollared 57 bears and collected 5,775 hourly locations and 4,998 daily locations. Using mixed-model analysis of variance and logistic regression, we detected no differences in home ranges, movement characteristics, proximity to the highway alignment, or habitat use between the 2 study phases, although minimum detectable effect sizes were large for several tests. However, after completion of the new highway, bears on the treatment area became less inactive in morning, when highway traffic was low, compared with bears on the control area (F1, 43?=?6.05, P?=?0.018). We used DNA from hair samples to determine if population size and site occupancy decreased following highway construction. For each study phase, we collected black bear hair from 70 hair snares on each study area during 7 weekly sampling periods and generated genotypes using 10 microsatellite loci. We used the multilocus genotypes to obtain capture histories for 226 different bears and used capture-mark-recapture models to estimate population size. Model-averaged estimates of population size decreased on the treatment area from 87.7 bears before construction to 31.6 bears after construction (64% reduction) and on the control area from 163.6 bears to 108.2 bears (34% reduction). Permutation procedures indicated this reduction was proportionally greater for the treatment area (P?=?0.086). We also applied a spatially explicit capture-recapture technique to test our research hypothesis. The model with the most support indicated a greater change in density on the treatment area (69% reduction) compared with the control area (24% reduction). We did not observe a treatment effect based on survival of radiocollared bears. We used bear visits to hair snares as detections in multi-season occupancy models and found that occupancy decreased more on the treatment area (preconstruction: ??=?0.84; postconstruction: ??=?0.44; 48% decline) than the control area (preconstruction: ??=?0.91; postconstruction: ??=?0.81; 11% decline), primarily as a function of a greater probability of site extinctions (e) on the treatment area (e?=?0. 57) than the control area (e?=?0.17). Finally, individual- and population-based analyses of contemporary gene flow did not indicate the highway was a barrier to movements. Black bear use of the 3 wildlife underpasses was infrequent (17 verified crossings based on remote cameras, track surveys, and telemetry). Only 4 of 8 bears with home ranges near the highway were documented crossing the highway (n?=?36 crossings), of which 2 were killed in vehicle collisions. Six additional bears were killed in vehicle collisions from May 2007 to November 2008, after we completed field work. Harvest data indicated that hunting mortality alone could explain the population decline on the control area. On the treatment area, however, hunting mortality only accounted for an approximately 40% population decline; the additional 30% decline we observed likely was caused by other mortality. We speculate vehicle collisions were primarily responsible. We conclude that impacts of the new highway on resident black bears occurred at the population level, rather than the individual or genetic level, but that the impact was smaller than harvest mortality. Increased activity by remaining bears when traffic volumes were low indicated behavioral plasticity. Bear use of the underpasses seemed sufficient to maintain gene flow between areas north and south of the new highway. Effectiveness of wildlife underpasses to reduce mortality of black bears may be enhanced if mitigation includes continuous fencing between crossing structures. For small, isolated populations of threatened or endangered large mammals, the potential demographic impacts of highways are an essential consideration in the transportation planning process. Control of mortality factors and maintaining demographic connectivity are particularly important. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Van Manen, Frank T.] US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Van Manen, Frank T.; Mccollister, Matthew F.; Nicholson, Jeremy M.; Thompson, Laura M.; Kindall, Jason L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jones, Mark D.] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Grifton, NC 28530 USA. RP Van Manen, FT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vanmanen@utk.edu FU University of Tennessee Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries; United States Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission FX The University of Tennessee Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries; the United States Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center; and North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission provided in-kind support for this project. We thank the many technicians on this project: M. Connors, H. Kindall, R. Meyers, E. Vincent, B. Weckworth, J. H. Harrelson, B. Augustine, R. Medford, D. Mauney, J. Hinton, and T. Nicholson. J. Laufenberg assisted with field work and population analysis. The Vernon G. James Research and Extension Center in Plymouth, Weyerhaeuser Company, Bluestone Farms, Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and numerous private landowners allowed access to lands in their Trust: M. Noles, L. Davenport, S. Davenport, R. Saunders, G. Barnes, and the American Turf Grass Corporation. We thank hunt clubs in the area for their cooperation: Albemarle Hunt Club, Garrett Island Hunt Club, Newland Road Hunt Club, and Holly Neck Hunt Club. We appreciate the insights, assistance, and reviews of J. Clark, M. Pelton, and A. Saxton during both phases of this study. D. Buehler, A. Echternacht, L. Muller, and J. Wilkerson provided comments on various study components. J. Drewry, M. Hooker, and J. Teunissen van Manen assisted with statistical, population, and genetic analyses. We thank D. Smith, J. Stetz, and C. Olfenbuttel for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript for the Unites States Geological Survey's Fundamental Science Practices program. The following individuals and institutions provided valuable project assistance: D. Cox, D. Davis, D. Evans, J. Folta, C. Olfenbuttel, C. Smith, C. Turner, W. Wescott, B. White, and T. Wilson of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; B. Hulka, D. Miller, and B. Barber of Weyerhaeuser Company; A. Braam, A. Burroughs, and T. Riddick of the North Carolina Department of Transportation; C. Lucash and F. Mauney of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and houndsman Richard "Catfish" Bass. N. Andre and X. Velez-Liendo provided translations of the abstract. Finally, we thank our office manager, T. White, for the efficiency and dedication with which she administered this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government, The University of Tennessee, or the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. NR 217 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 14 U2 154 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2012 IS 181 BP 1 EP 35 DI 10.1002/wmon.7 PG 35 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 928RY UT WOS:000303002400001 ER PT J AU Decker, KL Conway, CJ Fontaine, JJ AF Decker, Karie L. Conway, Courtney J. Fontaine, Joseph J. TI Nest predation, food, and female age explain seasonal declines in clutch size SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Clutch size; Seasonality; Food abundance; Nest predation; Female age ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; TIT PARUS-PALUSTRIS; LESSER SNOW GEESE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NATURAL-SELECTION; GREAT TITS; FALCO-TINNUNCULUS; PIED FLYCATCHER; SONG SPARROWS; BREEDING TIME AB The selection pressures responsible for intra- and interspecific variation in avian clutch size have been debated for over half a century. Seasonal declines in clutch size represent one of the most robust patterns in avian systems, yet despite extensive research on the subject, the mechanisms underlying this pattern remain largely unknown. We tested a combination of experimental and observational predictions to evaluate ten hypotheses, representing both evolutionary and proximate mechanisms proposed to explain seasonal declines in avian clutch size. In line with long held life-history theory, we found strong support for both an evolved and proximate response to food availability for young. We also found evidence consistent with predictions that proximate level experiential nest predation influences seasonal declines in clutch size. Finally, older females appear to invest more in reproduction (initiate nests earlier and lay larger clutches) and choose better territories than younger females. Our results highlight the importance of examining multiple hypotheses in a theoretical context to elucidate the ecological processes underlying commonly observed patterns in life history. C1 [Decker, Karie L.; Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fontaine, Joseph J.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Decker, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, 909 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kdecker4@unl.edu RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010 OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156 FU NSF [DGE-0638744]; TE Inc.; American Ornithologists' Union; Animal Behavior Society; Shikar Safari Club International Foundation; Arrington Memorial Scholarship; School of Natural Resources and the Environment at the University of Arizona FX T. Weinkam, E. Scobie, T. Isberg, and M. Ali provided many hours of assistance in the field. B. Steidl, K. Bonine, K. Borgmann, A. Macias-Duarte, S. Steckler, C. Kirkpatrick, and A. Chalfoun provided comments and support. Financial support was provided by NSF GK-12 Fellowship grant (DGE-0638744), T&E Inc., American Ornithologists' Union, Animal Behavior Society, Shikar Safari Club International Foundation, Arrington Memorial Scholarship, and the School of Natural Resources and the Environment at the University of Arizona. All methods were approved under permits from U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (MB053041-2), U. S. Forest Service (Catalina National Forest, #2720), U.S. Geological Survey's Bird Banding Laboratory (22524), Arizona Game and Fish Department (SP650825), and The University of Arizona Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol 06-108). NR 68 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-7653 J9 EVOL ECOL JI Evol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 683 EP 699 DI 10.1007/s10682-011-9521-7 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 923XX UT WOS:000302655200017 ER PT J AU Wilson, B Aeby, GS Work, TM Bourne, DG AF Wilson, Bryan Aeby, Greta S. Work, Thierry M. Bourne, David G. TI Bacterial communities associated with healthy and Acropora white syndrome-affected corals from American Samoa SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coral disease; white syndrome; clone libraries; culturable isolates; Vibrio; MLST ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; BLACK BAND DISEASE; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STONY CORALS; INDO-PACIFIC; DIVERSITY; VIBRIOS AB Acropora white syndrome (AWS) is characterized by rapid tissue loss revealing the white underlying skeleton and affects corals worldwide; however, reports of causal agents are conflicting. Samples were collected from healthy and diseased corals and seawater around American Samoa and bacteria associated with AWS characterized using both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, from coral mucus and tissue slurries, respectively. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone libraries derived from coral tissue were dominated by the Gammaproteobacteria, and Jaccard's distances calculated between the clone libraries showed that those from diseased corals were more similar to each other than to those from healthy corals. 16S rRNA genes from 78 culturable coral mucus isolates also revealed a distinct partitioning of bacterial genera into healthy and diseased corals. Isolates identified as Vibrionaceae were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing, revealing that whilst several Vibrio spp. were found to be associated with AWS lesions, a recently described species, Vibrio owensii, was prevalent amongst cultured Vibrio isolates. Unaffected tissues from corals with AWS had a different microbiota than normal Acropora as found by others. Determining whether a microbial shift occurs prior to disease outbreaks will be a useful avenue of pursuit and could be helpful in detecting prodromal signs of coral disease prior to manifestation of lesions. C1 [Wilson, Bryan; Bourne, David G.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Marine Microbiol & Genet, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Aeby, Greta S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Bourne, DG (reprint author), Australian Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Marine Microbiol & Genet, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. EM d.bourne@aims.gov.au RI Bourne, David/B-5073-2008; Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Bourne, David/0000-0002-1492-8710; Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU Queensland Government Smart State; University of Hawai'i FX B. Wilson was financially supported by the Queensland Government Smart State Fellowship and a NOAA Undersea Research Centre Grant from the University of Hawai'i. NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 80 IS 2 BP 509 EP 520 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01319.x PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 923HP UT WOS:000302610700022 PM 22283330 ER PT J AU Robertson, LS Ottinger, CA Burdick, SM VanderKooi, SP AF Robertson, Laura S. Ottinger, Christopher A. Burdick, Summer M. VanderKooi, Scott P. TI Development of a quantitative assay to measure expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) and evaluation of potential pitfalls in use with field-collected samples SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Transforming growth factor beta; TGF-beta; Lost River sucker; Shortnose sucker; Real-time PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; TIME RT-PCR; MESSENGER-RNA; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC MENHADEN; ORGANIZATION; CLONING; SALMON AB The Nature Conservancy is in the process of restoring the Williamson River Delta in an attempt to recreate important juvenile habitat for the endangered shortnose sucker Chasmistes breyirostris and the endangered Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus. Measurement of TGF-beta mRNA expression level was one of the indicators chosen to evaluate juvenile sucker health during the restoration process. TGF-beta mRNA expression level has been correlated with disease status in several laboratory studies and TGF-beta mRNA expression level has been used as a species-specific indicator of immune status in field-based fish health assessments. We describe here the identification of TGF-beta and a possible splice variant from shortnose sucker and from Lost River sucker. The performance of a quantitative RT-PCR assay to measure TGF-beta beta mRNA expression level was evaluated in field-collected spleen and kidney tissue samples. The quality of extracted RNA was higher in tissues harvested in September compared to July and higher in tissues harvested at lower temperature compared to higher temperature. In addition, the expression level of both TGF-beta and 18S as assessed by qRT-PCR was higher in samples with higher quality RNA. TGF-beta mRNA expression was lower in kidney than in spleen in both Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Robertson, Laura S.; Ottinger, Christopher A.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Burdick, Summer M.; VanderKooi, Scott P.] USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls, OR USA. RP Robertson, LS (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM lrobertson@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation [04AA204032]; U.S. Geological Survey FX The excellent technical assistance of Jamie Marie Marranca and the hard work of Jared Bottcher, Megan Dethloff, Terra Kemper, James Latshaw, Randal Lodges, Anna Willard, and Jolene Willis in collecting sucker tissue samples are gratefully acknowledged. This work was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation (Interagency Agreement 04AA204032) and by the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 890 EP 898 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.017 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 924CB UT WOS:000302667200032 PM 22366312 ER PT J AU Spencer, RGM Hernes, PJ Aufdenkampe, AK Baker, A Gulliver, P Stubbins, A Aiken, GR Dyda, RY Butler, KD Mwamba, VL Mangangu, AM Wabakanghanzi, JN Six, J AF Spencer, Robert G. M. Hernes, Peter J. Aufdenkampe, Anthony K. Baker, Andy Gulliver, Pauline Stubbins, Aron Aiken, George R. Dyda, Rachael Y. Butler, Kenna D. Mwamba, Vincent L. Mangangu, Arthur M. Wabakanghanzi, Jose N. Six, Johan TI An initial investigation into the organic matter biogeochemistry of the Congo River SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AMAZON-RIVER; ZAIRE RIVER; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATLANTIC OCEAN; CENTRAL-AFRICA; PLANT-TISSUES; CARBON-CYCLE; AMINO-ACIDS; PARTICULATE AB The Congo River, which drains pristine tropical forest and savannah and is the second largest exporter of terrestrial carbon to the ocean, was sampled in early 2008 to investigate organic matter (OM) dynamics in this historically understudied river basin. We examined the elemental (%OC, %N, C:N), isotopic (delta C-13, Delta C-14, delta N-15) and biochemical composition (lignin phenols) of coarse particulate (>63 mu m; CPOM) and fine particulate (0.7-63 mu m; FPOM) OM and DOC, delta C-13, Delta C-14 and lignin phenol composition with respect to dissolved OM (<0.7 mu m; DOM) from five sites in the Congo River Basin. At all sample locations the organic carbon load was dominated by the dissolved phase (similar to 82-89% of total organic carbon) and the total suspended sediment load was principally fine particulate material (similar to 81-91% fine suspended sediment). Distinct compositional and isotopic differences were observed between all fractions. Congo CPOM, FPOM and DOM all originated from vegetation and soil inputs as evidenced by elemental, isotopic and lignin phenol data, however FPOM was derived from much older carbon pools (mean Delta C-14 = -62.2 +/- -13.2 parts per thousand, n = 5) compared to CPOM and DOM (mean Delta C-14 = 55.7 +/- 30.6 parts per thousand, n = 4 and 73.4 +/- 16.1 parts per thousand, n = 5 respectively). The modern radiocarbon ages for DOM belie a degraded lignin compositional signature (i.e. elevated acid: aldehyde ratios (Ad:Al) relative to CPOM and FPOM), and indicate that the application of OM degradation patterns derived from particulate phase studies to dissolved samples needs to be reassessed: these elevated ratios are likely attributable to fractionation processes during solubilization of plant material. The relatively low DOM carbon-normalized lignin yields (Lambda(8); 0.67-1.12 (mg(100 mg OC)(-1))) could also reflect fractionation processes, however, they have also been interpreted as an indication of significant microbial or algal sources of DOM. CPOM appears to be well preserved higher vascular plant material as evidenced by its modern radiocarbon age, elevated C:N (17.2-27.1) and Lambda(8) values (4.56-7.59 (mg(100 mg OC)(-1))). In relation to CPOM, the aged FPOM fraction (320-580 ybp C-14 ages) was comparatively degraded, as demonstrated by its nitrogen enrichment (C:N 11.4-14.3), lower Lambda(8) (2.80-4.31 (mg(100 mg OC)(-1))) and elevated lignin Ad:Al values similar to soil derived OM. In this study we observed little modification of the OM signature from sample sites near the cities of Brazzaville and Kinshasa to the head of the estuary (similar to 350 km) highlighting the potential for future studies to assess seasonal and long-term OM dynamics from this logistically feasible location and derive relevant information with respect to OM exported to the Atlantic Ocean. The relative lack of OM data for the Congo River Basin highlights the importance of studies such as this for establishing baselines upon which to gauge future change. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Spencer, Robert G. M.; Dyda, Rachael Y.; Six, Johan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hernes, Peter J.; Dyda, Rachael Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Aufdenkampe, Anthony K.] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. [Baker, Andy] Univ New S Wales, Water Res Lab, Connected Waters Initiat, Manly Vale, NSW 2093, Australia. [Gulliver, Pauline] SUERC, NERC Radiocarbon Facil Environm, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. [Stubbins, Aron] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Aiken, George R.; Butler, Kenna D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mwamba, Vincent L.; Mangangu, Arthur M.; Wabakanghanzi, Jose N.] Congo Atom Energy Commiss, Dept Soil Phys & Hydrol, Kinshasa XI, Zaire. RP Spencer, RGM (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. EM rspencer@whrc.org RI Gulliver, Pauline/C-3267-2009; Aron, Stubbins/M-8801-2014; OI Gulliver, Pauline/0000-0003-1180-1578; Aron, Stubbins/0000-0002-3994-1946; Baker, Andy/0000-0002-1552-6166 FU NERC [1244.1007]; Department of Plant Sciences FX We thank the Regie de Voies Fluviales in Kinshasa (D.R. Congo) for providing hydrology data and Kevin Burkhill at the University of Birmingham for producing Fig. 1. This study was supported by a NERC radiocarbon grant (#1244.1007) to RGMS and AB and discretionary funds awarded to JS by the Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis. RGMS and JS are very grateful to Richard N. Tshibambe for facilitating the required visas and permits and Lodi Jean Paul Lama for their assistance in the D.R. Congo. Finally, we wish to sincerely thank three anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor Prof. J. Middelburg who provided helpful comments that improved this manuscript. NR 64 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 7 U2 113 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 84 BP 614 EP 627 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.013 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 925OF UT WOS:000302770000038 ER PT J AU Uchida, N Matsuzawa, T Ellsworth, WL Imanishi, K Shimamura, K Hasegawa, A AF Uchida, Naoki Matsuzawa, Toru Ellsworth, William L. Imanishi, Kazutoshi Shimamura, Kouhei Hasegawa, Akira TI Source parameters of microearthquakes on an interplate asperity off Kamaishi, NE Japan over two earthquake cycles SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Earthquake source observations; Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction; Seismicity and tectonics; Subduction zone processes; Dynamics and mechanics of faulting; Dynamics: seismotectonics ID REPEATING EARTHQUAKES; CALIFORNIA; RUPTURE; MOMENT; SCALE; FAULT AB We have estimated the source parameters of interplate earthquakes in an earthquake cluster off Kamaishi, NE Japan over two cycles of M similar to 4.9 repeating earthquakes. The M similar to 4.9 earthquake sequence is composed of nine events that occurred since 1957 which have a strong periodicity (5.5 +/- 0.7 yr) and constant size (M4.9 +/- 0.2), probably due to stable sliding around the source area (asperity). Using P- and S-wave traveltime differentials estimated from waveform cross-spectra, three M similar to 4.9 main shocks and 50 accompanying microearthquakes (M1.53.6) from 1995 to 2008 were precisely relocated. The source sizes, stress drops and slip amounts for earthquakes of M2.4 or larger were also estimated from corner frequencies and seismic moments using simultaneous inversion of stacked spectral ratios. Relocation using the double-difference method shows that the slip area of the 2008 M similar to 4.9 main shock is co-located with those of the 1995 and 2001 M similar to 4.9 main shocks. Four groups of microearthquake clusters are located in and around the mainshock slip areas. Of these, two clusters are located at the deeper and shallower edge of the slip areas and most of these microearthquakes occurred repeatedly in the interseismic period. Two other clusters located near the centre of the mainshock source areas are not as active as the clusters near the edge. The occurrence of these earthquakes is limited to the latter half of the earthquake cycles of the M similar to 4.9 main shock. Similar spatial and temporal features of microearthquake occurrence were seen for two other cycles before the 1995 M5.0 and 1990 M5.0 main shocks based on group identification by waveform similarities. Stress drops of microearthquakes are 311 MPa and are relatively constant within each group during the two earthquake cycles. The 2001 and 2008 M similar to 4.9 earthquakes have larger stress drops of 41 and 27 MPa, respectively. These results show that the stress drop is probably determined by the fault properties and does not change much for earthquakes rupturing in the same area. The occurrence of microearthquakes in the interseismic period suggests the intrusion of aseismic slip, causing a loading of these patches. We also found that some earthquakes near the centre of the mainshock source area occurred just after the earthquakes at the deeper edge of the mainshock source area. These seismic activities probably indicate episodic aseismic slip migrating from the deeper regions in the mainshock asperity to its centre during interseismic periods. Comparison of the source parameters for the 2001 and 2008 main shocks shows that the seismic moments (1.04 X 1016 Nm and 1.12 X 1016 Nm for the 2008 and 2001 earthquakes, respectively) and source sizes (radius = 570 m and 540 m for the 2008 and 2001 earthquakes, respectively) are comparable. Based on careful phase identification and hypocentre relocation by constraining the hypocentres of other small earthquakes to their precisely located centroids, we found that the hypocentres of the 2001 and 2008 M similar to 4.9 events are located in the southeastern part of the mainshock source area. This location does not correspond to either episodic slip area or hypocentres of small earthquakes that occurred during the earthquake cycle. C1 [Uchida, Naoki; Matsuzawa, Toru; Shimamura, Kouhei; Hasegawa, Akira] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Ellsworth, William L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Imanishi, Kazutoshi] AIST, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. RP Uchida, N (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM uchida@aob.gp.tohoku.ac.jp RI Uchida, Naoki/D-6103-2012 OI Uchida, Naoki/0000-0002-4220-9625 FU Global COE, 'Global Education and Research Center for Earth and Planetary Dynamics' at Tohoku University FX We thank T. Nakayama at Tohoku University for his cooperation in editing the waveform data, J. Rubinstein and M. Matsubara at U.S. Geological Survey for thoughtful comments on this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the Global COE Programme, 'Global Education and Research Center for Earth and Planetary Dynamics' at Tohoku University. The authors thank R. E. Abercrombie, anonymous reviewer and editor E. Fukuyama for their thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. Some of the figures were drawn using Generic Mapping Tools software (Wessel & Smith 1995). NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 189 IS 2 BP 999 EP 1014 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05377.x PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 923MO UT WOS:000302623600021 ER PT J AU Duputel, Z Rivera, L Kanamori, H Hayes, G AF Duputel, Zacharie Rivera, Luis Kanamori, Hiroo Hayes, Gavin TI W phase source inversion for moderate to large earthquakes (1990-2010) SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Tsunamis; Earthquake source observations; Surface waves and free oscillations; Wave propagation; Early warning ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; 26 DECEMBER 2004; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; SOURCE PARAMETERS; MOMENT; SEISMICITY; SCALE AB Rapid characterization of the earthquake source and of its effects is a growing field of interest. Until recently, it still took several hours to determine the first-order attributes of a great earthquake (e.g. Mw= 7.5), even in a well-instrumented region. The main limiting factors were data saturation, the interference of different phases and the time duration and spatial extent of the source rupture. To accelerate centroid moment tensor (CMT) determinations, we have developed a source inversion algorithm based on modelling of the W phase, a very long period phase (1001000 s) arriving at the same time as the P wave. The purpose of this work is to finely tune and validate the algorithm for large-to-moderate-sized earthquakes using three components of W phase ground motion at teleseismic distances. To that end, the point source parameters of all Mw= 6.5 earthquakes that occurred between 1990 and 2010 (815 events) are determined using Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks, Global Seismographic Network broad-band stations and STS1 global virtual networks of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center. For each event, a preliminary magnitude obtained from W phase amplitudes is used to estimate the initial moment rate function half duration and to define the corner frequencies of the passband filter that will be applied to the waveforms. Starting from these initial parameters, the seismic moment tensor is calculated using a preliminary location as a first approximation of the centroid. A full CMT inversion is then conducted for centroid timing and location determination. Comparisons with Harvard and Global CMT solutions highlight the robustness of W phase CMT solutions at teleseismic distances. The differences in Mw rarely exceed 0.2 and the source mechanisms are very similar to one another. Difficulties arise when a target earthquake is shortly (e.g. within 10 hr) preceded by another large earthquake, which disturbs the waveforms of the target event. To deal with such difficult situations, we remove the perturbation caused by earlier disturbing events by subtracting the corresponding synthetics from the data. The CMT parameters for the disturbed event can then be retrieved using the residual seismograms. We also explore the feasibility of obtaining source parameters of smaller earthquakes in the range 6.0 =Mw < 6.5. Results suggest that the W phase inversion can be implemented reliably for the majority of earthquakes of Mw= 6 or larger. C1 [Duputel, Zacharie; Kanamori, Hiroo] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rivera, Luis] CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, IPGS, UMR 7516, F-75700 Paris, France. [Rivera, Luis] Univ Strasbourg EOST, Strasbourg, France. [Hayes, Gavin] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Duputel, Z (reprint author), CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM zacharie@gps.caltech.edu RI Duputel, Zacharie/C-2906-2016 OI Duputel, Zacharie/0000-0002-8809-451X NR 40 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 189 IS 2 BP 1125 EP 1147 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05419.x PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 923MO UT WOS:000302623600030 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Guntenspergen, GR AF Kirwan, Matthew L. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. TI Feedbacks between inundation, root production, and shoot growth in a rapidly submerging brackish marsh SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accretion; climate change; peat; plant-climate interactions; productivity; sea level rise; wetland ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS; ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; ELEVATION; CO2; VEGETATION; SALINITY; WETLAND; PATENS AB 1. Ecogeomorphic feedbacks between mineral sediment deposition and above-ground plant growth are thought to have dominated the evolution of many coastal ecosystems and landforms. However, land-use-related reductions in sediment delivery rates to estuaries world-wide suggest that these above-ground feedbacks may not apply in some of the worlds most vulnerable coastal landscapes. 2. To understand the relationships between sea level rise and marsh survival, we measured root and shoot growth over experimentally manipulated elevations in a rapidly submerging, sediment deficient marsh. 3. Root growth was highest at a distinct optimum elevation in both Schoenoplectus americanus and Spartina patens. S. americanus shoot growth was highest at an optimum elevation, but S. patens shoot growth increased with elevation throughout the intertidal zone. 4. For marsh elevations that are higher than optimum (expected at low sea level rise rates), we propose that an acceleration in the rate of sea level rise will lead to enhanced root growth, organic accretion and wetland stability. For suboptimum marsh elevations (expected at rapid sea level rise rates and/or low sediment supply), increases in the water level will lead to reduced root growth and a decrease in the rate of elevation gain. 5. More than 80% of the marshland in our study area has an elevation below the optimum for root growth, suggesting that this previously unknown feedback could explain observations of rapid marsh deterioration in the region. 6. Synthesis. Below-ground responses of marshes to sea level rise are more broadly applicable than above-ground feedbacks because they are consistent among different species and do not depend on the availability of mineral sediment. C1 [Kirwan, Matthew L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM mlk4n@virginia.edu RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011 FU US Geological Survey FX We appreciate the contributions of Patrick Brennand and Kyle Derby in the field and laboratory. The US Geological Survey Global Change Research Program supported MLK and GRG. NR 58 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 6 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 100 IS 3 BP 764 EP 770 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01957.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 923MK UT WOS:000302623200019 ER PT J AU Stephens, SL Boerner, REJ Moghaddas, JJ Moghaddas, EEY Collins, BM Dow, CB Edminster, C Fiedler, CE Fry, DL Hartsough, BR Keeley, JE Knapp, EE McIver, JD Skinner, CN Youngblood, A AF Stephens, Scott L. Boerner, Ralph E. J. Moghaddas, Jason J. Moghaddas, Emily E. Y. Collins, Brandon M. Dow, Christopher B. Edminster, Carl Fiedler, Carl E. Fry, Danny L. Hartsough, Bruce R. Keeley, Jon E. Knapp, Eric E. McIver, James D. Skinner, Carl N. Youngblood, Andrew TI Fuel treatment impacts on estimated wildfire carbon loss from forests in Montana, Oregon, California, and Arizona SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; fire suppression; fire surrogates; fuel management; mixed conifer; Pinus ponderosa; wildfire ID SOUTHWESTERN PONDEROSA PINE; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; POTENTIAL FIRE BEHAVIOR; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL FIRE; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; WILDLAND FIRE; WOOD PRODUCTS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AB Using forests to sequester carbon in response to anthropogenically induced climate change is being considered across the globe. A recent U. S. executive order mandated that all federal agencies account for sequestration and emissions of greenhouse gases, highlighting the importance of understanding how forest carbon stocks are influenced by wildfire. This paper reports the effects of the most common forest fuel reduction treatments on carbon pools composed of live and dead biomass as well as potential wildfire emissions from six different sites in four western U. S. states. Additionally, we predict the median forest product life spans and uses of materials removed during mechanical treatments. Carbon loss from modeled wildfire-induced tree mortality was lowest in the mechanical plus prescribed fire treatments, followed by the prescribed fire-only treatments. Wildfire emissions varied from 10-80 Mg/ha and were lowest in the prescribed fire and mechanical followed by prescribed fire treatments at most sites. Mean biomass removals per site ranged from approximately 30-60 dry Mg/ha; the median lives of products in first use varied considerably (from <10 to >50 years). Our research suggests most of the benefits of increased fire resistance can be achieved with relatively small reductions in current carbon stocks. Retaining or growing larger trees also reduced the vulnerability of carbon loss from wildfire. In addition, modeled vulnerabilities to carbon losses and median forest product life spans varied considerably across our study sites, which could be used to help prioritize treatment implementation. C1 [Stephens, Scott L.; Moghaddas, Jason J.; Moghaddas, Emily E. Y.; Fry, Danny L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boerner, Ralph E. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Collins, Brandon M.; Dow, Christopher B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Edminster, Carl] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fiedler, Carl E.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hartsough, Bruce R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.; Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [McIver, James D.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Youngblood, Andrew] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Stephens, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sstephens@berkeley.edu FU U.S. Joint Fire Sciences Program FX This project was partially funded by the U.S. Joint Fire Sciences Program. Special thanks to the host institutions of the experimental sites, their dedicated staffs, graduate students, post-docs, and summer field technicians who were integral to this project, and to all those who helped implement the prescribed fires. We thank two referees for comments that improved the paper. NR 92 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 AR UNSP 38 DI 10.1890/ES11-00289.1 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256HY UT WOS:000327301600003 ER PT J AU Hartig, JH Krueger, A Rice, K Niswander, SF Jenkins, B Norwood, G AF Hartig, John H. Krueger, Allison Rice, Kelly Niswander, Steven F. Jenkins, Burke Norwood, Greg TI Transformation of an Industrial Brownfield into an Ecological Buffer for Michigan's Only Ramsar Wetland of International Importance SO SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE brownfield cleanup; habitat restoration; "Wetland of International Importance" AB The Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge spans 77 km along the Detroit River and western Lake Erie, and is the only unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System that is international. A key unit of the refuge is the 166-ha Humbug Marsh that represents the last kilometer of natural shoreline on the U. S. mainland of the river and Michigan's only "Wetland of International Importance" designated under the 1971 International Ramsar Convention. Adjacent to Humbug Marsh is an 18-ha former industrial manufacturing site (now called the Refuge Gateway) that is being remediated and restored as an ecological buffer for Humbug Marsh and the future home of the refuge's visitor center. Restoration and redevelopment activities have included: cleanup and capping of contaminated lands; daylighting a creek (i.e., deliberately exposing the flow of a creek that was historically placed underground in a culvert) and constructing a retention pond and emergent wetland to treat storm water prior to discharge to the Detroit River; restoring coastal wetland, riparian buffer, and upland habitats; and constructing two roads, hiking/biking trails, and a kayak/canoe landing to offer wildlife-compatible public uses that allow visitors to experience this internationally-recognized natural resource. This project has been described as transformational for the region by restoring an industrial brownfield into high quality wildlife habitat that expands the ecological buffer of a Ramsar site. Specific restoration targets for the site include: achieving a net gain of 6.5 ha of wetlands in a river that has lost 97% of its coastal wetlands to development; restoring 10.1 ha of upland buffer habitat; treating invasive Phragmites along 4 km of shoreline; and treatment of invasive plant species in 20.2 ha of upland habitats in Humbug Marsh. Further, the Refuge Gateway is being restored as a model of environmental sustainability for nearly seven million residents within a 45-minute drive. Key lessons learned include: reach broad-based agreement on a sustainability vision; identify and involve a key champion; establish core project delivery team; ensure up-front involvement of regulatory agencies; recruit and meaningfully involve many partners; expect the unexpected; practice adaptive management; place a priority on sound science-based decision making; ensure decision-making transparency; measure and celebrate successes, including benefits; and place a high priority on education and outreach. C1 [Hartig, John H.; Krueger, Allison; Norwood, Greg] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Detroit River Int Wildlife Refuge, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Rice, Kelly] Cardno JFNew, West Olive, MI 49460 USA. [Niswander, Steven F.] Niswander Environm LLC, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. [Jenkins, Burke] Hamilton Anderson Associates, Detroit, MI 48226 USA. RP Hartig, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Detroit River Int Wildlife Refuge, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM john_hartig@fws.gov; krueger.ali@gmail.com; kelly.rice@cardno.com; sniswan@niswander-env.com; bjenkins@hamilton-anderson.com; greg_norwood@fws.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 40 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2071-1050 J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL JI Sustainability PD MAY PY 2012 VL 4 IS 5 BP 1043 EP 1058 DI 10.3390/su4051043 PG 16 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213FJ UT WOS:000324040000012 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Majewski, MS Mahler, BJ Foreman, WT Braun, CL Wilson, JT Burbank, TL AF Van Metre, Peter C. Majewski, Michael S. Mahler, Barbara J. Foreman, William T. Braun, Christopher L. Wilson, Jennifer T. Burbank, Teresa L. TI PAH volatilization following application of coal-tar-based pavement sealant SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PAHs; Emissions; Atmosphere; Sealcoat; Coal-tar ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MEASURING PESTICIDE EVAPORATION; PARKING LOT SEALCOAT; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; UNRECOGNIZED SOURCE; AMBIENT AIR; SOIL; PROFILE; CHINA; DUST AB Coal-tar-based pavement sealants, a major source of PAHs to urban water bodies, have recently been identified as a source of volatile PAHs to the atmosphere. We tracked the volatilization of PAHs for 1 year after application of a coal-tar-based pavement sealant by measuring gas-phase PAH concentrations above the pavement surface and solid-phase PAH concentrations in sealant scraped from the surface. Gas-phase concentrations at two heights (0.03 and 1.28 m) and wind speed were used to estimate volatilization flux. The sum of the concentrations of eight frequently detected PAHs (Sigma PAH(8)) in the 0.03-m sample 1.6 h after application (297,000 ng m(-3)) was about 5000 times greater than that previously reported for the same height above unsealed parking lots (66 ng m(-3)). Flux at 1.6 h after application was estimated at 45,000 mu g m(-2) h(-1) and decreased rapidly during the 45 days after application to 160 mu g m(-2) h(-1). Loss of PAHs from the adhered sealant also was rapid, with about a 50% decrease in solid-phase Sigma PAH(8) concentration over the 45 days after application. There was general agreement, given the uncertainties, in the estimated mass of Sigma PAH(8) lost to the atmosphere on the basis of air sampling (2-3 g m(-2)) and adhered sealant sampling (6 g m(-2)) during the first 16 days after application, translating to a loss to the atmosphere of one-quarter to one-half of the PAHs in the sealcoat product. Combining the estimated mass of Sigma PAH(8) released to the atmosphere with a national-use estimate of coal-tar-based sealant suggests that PAH emissions from new coal-tar-based sealcoat applications each year (similar to 1000 Mg) are larger than annual vehicle emissions of PAHs for the United States. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.; Braun, Christopher L.; Wilson, Jennifer T.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. [Majewski, Michael S.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Foreman, William T.; Burbank, Teresa L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Wilson, Jennifer/0000-0003-4481-6354; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Tom Harner, Environment Canada, for the generous loan of air sampling equipment and for advice on data interpretation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 51 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.036 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 921WK UT WOS:000302508600013 ER PT J AU Nicolai, CA Sedinger, JS Ward, DH Boyd, WS AF Nicolai, Christopher A. Sedinger, James S. Ward, David H. Boyd, W. Sean TI Mate loss affects survival but not breeding in black brant geese SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black brant; breeding propensity; clutch size; mate loss; nest initiation date ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; CANADA GEESE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SPRING MIGRATION; SITE FIDELITY; CLUTCH SIZE; DIVORCE; DENSITY AB For birds maintaining long-term monogamous relationships, mate loss might be expected to reduce fitness, either through reduced survival or reduced future reproductive investment. We used harvest of male brant during regular sport hunting seasons as an experimental removal to examine effects of mate loss on fitness of female black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans; hereafter brant). We used the Barker model in program MARK to examine effects of mate loss on annual survival, reporting rate, and permanent emigration. Survival rates decreased from 0.847 +/- 0.004 for females who did not lose their mates to 0.690 +/- 0.072 for birds who lost mates. Seber ring reporting rate for females that lost their mates were 2 times higher than those that did not lose mates, 0.12 +/- 0.086 and 0.06 +/- 0.006, respectively, indicating that mate loss increased vulnerability to harvest and possibly other forms of predation. We found little support for effects of mate loss on fidelity to breeding site and consequently on breeding. Our results indicate substantial fitness costs to females associated with mate loss, but that females who survived and were able to form new pair bonds may have been higher quality than the average female in the population. C1 [Nicolai, Christopher A.] Univ Nevada Reno, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Nicolai, Christopher A.; Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada Reno, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Ward, David H.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Boyd, W. Sean] Environm Canada RR1, Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. RP Nicolai, CA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg 8 Migratory Birds,1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 2, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM chris_nicolai@fws.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center; Ducks Unlimited de Mexico; Ducks Unlimited Inc.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Migratory Bird Division, Region 7; Nature Trust of British Columbia; Arctic Goose Joint Venture; Alaska Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Ducks Unlimited, The Black Brant Group (Morro Bay, CA); National Science Foundation [OPP 92 14970, DEB 98 15383, OPP 99 85931, OPP 01 96406]; Ducks Unlimited; Dennis Raveling Scholarship FX Many individuals assisted with observations of marked brant. Logistic support in Mexico was provided by San Diego National Wildlife Refuge, D. and R. Wheeler, Kuyima Inc., Ducks Unlimited de Mexico, and La Compania de Exportadora de Sal. S.A. Funding for work in Mexico was provided by U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center, Ducks Unlimited de Mexico, Ducks Unlimited Inc., and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Migratory Bird Division, Region 7 and through the North American Wetland Conservation Fund. Primary funding sources for Canadian ring resighting were Environment Canada, The Nature Trust of British Columbia, and Arctic Goose Joint Venture. Ringing and nesting studies were supported by both the Alaska Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Ducks Unlimited, The Black Brant Group (Morro Bay, CA), Phil Jebbia (in memory of Marnie Shepherd), and the National Science Foundation (OPP 92 14970, DEB 98 15383, OPP 99 85931, OPP 01 96406) with logistical support from Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge. Additional student support was provided by Ducks Unlimited through the Futch Scholarship, Jay Dow Sr. Wetland Scholarship, and the Dennis Raveling Scholarship. Dave Koons, Lew Oring, Gordon Orians, and 2 anonymous reviewers reviewed earlier drafts. Brant were ringed under U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory permit number 22666. Animal procedures were approved by the University of Alaska Fairbanks and University of Nevada Reno Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (most recent protocol number 00056). NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 23 IS 3 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1093/beheco/ars009 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 921NV UT WOS:000302485200024 ER PT J AU Friess, DA Krauss, KW Horstman, EM Balke, T Bouma, TJ Galli, D Webb, EL AF Friess, Daniel A. Krauss, Ken W. Horstman, Erik M. Balke, Thorsten Bouma, Tjeerd J. Galli, Demis Webb, Edward L. TI Are all intertidal wetlands naturally created equal? Bottlenecks, thresholds and knowledge gaps to mangrove and saltmarsh ecosystems SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE colonization; dispersal; establishment; gene flow; life history; propagule; restoration; salt marsh; sea level rise ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MARINA FORSK VIERH; INDO-WEST PACIFIC; AVICENNIA-MARINA; SPARTINA-ANGLICA; SALICORNIA-EUROPAEA; MANAGED REALIGNMENT; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; TROPICAL MANGROVES AB Intertidal wetlands such as saltmarshes and mangroves provide numerous important ecological functions, though they are in rapid and global decline. To better conserve and restore these wetland ecosystems, we need an understanding of the fundamental natural bottlenecks and thresholds to their establishment and long-term ecological maintenance. Despite inhabiting similar intertidal positions, the biological traits of these systems differ markedly in structure, phenology, life history, phylogeny and dispersal, suggesting large differences in biophysical interactions. By providing the first systematic comparison between saltmarshes and mangroves, we unravel how the interplay between species-specific life-history traits, biophysical interactions and biogeomorphological feedback processes determine where, when and what wetland can establish, the thresholds to long-term ecosystem stability, and constraints to genetic connectivity between intertidal wetland populations at the landscape level. To understand these process interactions, research into the constraints to wetland development, and biological adaptations to overcome these critical bottlenecks and thresholds requires a truly interdisciplinary approach. C1 [Friess, Daniel A.; Horstman, Erik M.; Balke, Thorsten] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore Delft Water Alliance, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Friess, Daniel A.; Galli, Demis; Webb, Edward L.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Horstman, Erik M.] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Balke, Thorsten; Bouma, Tjeerd J.] Deltares, Marine & Coastal Syst, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. RP Friess, DA (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore Delft Water Alliance, Engn Dr 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore. EM dan.friess@nus.edu.sg RI Webb, Edward/E-8343-2011; Bouma, Tjeerd/A-9841-2011; Balke, Thorsten/J-6679-2015; OI Webb, Edward/0000-0001-5554-9955; Horstman, Erik/0000-0003-4261-1443; Balke, Thorsten/0000-0001-7733-5069 FU Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore; Ministry of Education, Government of Singapore [R-154-000-440-112]; STW-NWO [07324]; EU FX We gratefully acknowledge A. K. S. Wee (National University of Singapore), S. E. Travis (University of New England), M.J. Osland (US Environmental Protection Agency), R. H. Day and K. L. McKee (both US Geological Survey) for helpful comments on all or parts of this manuscript. The comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore. E. L. W. was supported by Ministry of Education, Government of Singapore grant R-154-000-440-112. T.J.B. acknowledges STW-NWO grant 07324 and the EU-funded THESEUS project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 200 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 19 U2 154 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-7931 EI 1469-185X J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 87 IS 2 BP 346 EP 366 DI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00198.x PG 21 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 919TH UT WOS:000302351300006 PM 21923637 ER PT J AU Tinker, MT Guimaraes, PR Novak, M Marquitti, FMD Bodkin, JL Staedler, M Bentall, G Estes, JA AF Tim Tinker, M. Guimaraes, Paulo R., Jr. Novak, Mark Darcie Marquitti, Flavia Maria Bodkin, James L. Staedler, Michelle Bentall, Gena Estes, James A. TI Structure and mechanism of diet specialisation: testing models of individual variation in resource use with sea otters SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bipartite networks; diet specialisation; modularity; nestedness; prey preference; sea otter ID INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; FORAGING STRATEGIES; NESTEDNESS; NETWORK; POPULATION; PATTERNS; MATRICES AB Studies of consumer-resource interactions suggest that individual diet specialisation is empirically widespread and theoretically important to the organisation and dynamics of populations and communities. We used weighted networks to analyze the resource use by sea otters, testing three alternative models for how individual diet specialisation may arise. As expected, individual specialisation was absent when otter density was low, but increased at high-otter density. A high-density emergence of nested resource-use networks was consistent with the model assuming individuals share preference ranks. However, a density-dependent emergence of a non-nested modular network for core resources was more consistent with the competitive refuge model. Individuals from different diet modules showed predictable variation in rank-order prey preferences and handling times of core resources, further supporting the competitive refuge model. Our findings support a hierarchical organisation of diet specialisation and suggest individual use of core and marginal resources may be driven by different selective pressures. C1 [Tim Tinker, M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Guimaraes, Paulo R., Jr.; Darcie Marquitti, Flavia Maria] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Ecol, Inst Biociencias, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Novak, Mark; Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Novak, Mark] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bodkin, James L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Staedler, Michelle; Bentall, Gena] Monterey Bay Aquarium Sea Otter Res & Conservat, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Tinker, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ttinker@usgs.gov RI Novak, Mark/E-2194-2012; Guimaraes, Paulo/B-1099-2008; Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011; Darcie Marquitti, Flavia Maria/B-2697-2013; Guimaraes, Paulo/E-1915-2016; Guimaraes-Junior, Paulo/M-1298-2016 OI Darcie Marquitti, Flavia Maria/0000-0003-0510-3992; NR 42 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 8 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 15 IS 5 BP 475 EP 483 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01760.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 918YZ UT WOS:000302288900010 PM 22414160 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Liu, SG AF Wu, Yiping Liu, Shuguang TI Automating calibration, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of complex models using the R package Flexible Modeling Environment (FME): SWAT as an example SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Calibration; FME; Monte Carlo; R; Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis; SWAT ID WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; BAYESIAN-APPROACH; CATCHMENT MODELS; RIVER-BASIN; SOIL; PREDICTION AB Parameter optimization and uncertainty issues are a great challenge for the application of large environmental models like the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which is a physically-based hydrological model for simulating water and nutrient cycles at the watershed scale. In this study, we present a comprehensive modeling environment for SWAT, including automated calibration, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis capabilities through integration with the R package Flexible Modeling Environment (FME). To address challenges (e.g., calling the model in R and transferring variables between Fortran and R) in developing such a two-language coupling framework, 1) we converted the Fortran-based SWAT model to an R function (R-SWAT) using the RFortran platform, and alternatively 2) we compiled SWAT as a Dynamic Link Library (DLL). We then wrapped SWAT (via R-SWAT) with FME to perform complex applications including parameter identifiability, inverse modeling, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in the R environment. The final R-SWAT-FME framework has the following key functionalities: automatic initialization of R, running Fortran-based SWAT and R commands in parallel, transferring parameters and model output between SWAT and R, and inverse modeling with visualization. To examine this framework and demonstrate how it works, a case study simulating streamflow in the Cedar River Basin in Iowa in the United Sates was used, and we compared it with the built-in auto-calibration tool of SWAT in parameter optimization. Results indicate that both methods performed well and similarly in searching a set of optimal parameters. Nonetheless, the R-SWAT-FME is more attractive due to its instant visualization, and potential to take advantage of other R packages (e.g., inverse modeling and statistical graphics). The methods presented in the paper are readily adaptable to other model applications that require capability for automated calibration, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wu, Yiping; Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ywu@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884 FU NASA [NNH07ZDA001N]; U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program; USGS [G08PC91508] FX This study was funded by the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program "Impact of Rapid Land-Use Change in the Northern Great Plains: Integrated Modeling of Land-Use Patterns, Biophysical Responses, Sustainability, and Economic and Environmental Consequences" (Grant NNH07ZDA001N) and U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program. This work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Ramesh Singh, Lei Ji, Craig Walters, and Thomas Adamson for comments on the early version of this paper. We also thank the Editor-in-Chief and two anonymous reviewers for their invaluable and constructive comments and suggestions for improving the paper quality. NR 57 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 31 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.11.013 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902BI UT WOS:000301013200010 ER PT J AU Nathanson, M Kean, JW Grabs, TJ Seibert, J Laudon, H Lyon, SW AF Nathanson, Marcus Kean, Jason W. Grabs, Thomas J. Seibert, Jan Laudon, Hjalmar Lyon, Steve W. TI Modelling rating curves using remotely sensed LiDAR data SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hydrology; Krycklan catchment; LiDAR; modelling; rating curves; remote sensing; stream flow ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BOREAL STREAMS; SPRING FLOOD; PATTERNS; RIVER; UNCERTAINTY; GENERATION; RESISTANCE; CATCHMENT; RUNOFF AB Accurate stream discharge measurements are important for many hydrological studies. In remote locations, however, it is often difficult to obtain stream flow information because of the difficulty in making the discharge measurements necessary to define stage-discharge relationships (rating curves). This study investigates the feasibility of defining rating curves by using a fluid mechanics-based model constrained with topographic data from an airborne LiDAR scanning. The study was carried out for an 8m-wide channel in the boreal landscape of northern Sweden. LiDAR data were used to define channel geometry above a low flow water surface along the 90-m surveyed reach. The channel topography below the water surface was estimated using the simple assumption of a flat streambed. The roughness for the modelled reach was back calculated from a single measurment of discharge. The topographic and roughness information was then used to model a rating curve. To isolate the potential influence of the flat bed assumption, a hybrid model rating curve was developed on the basis of data combined from the LiDAR scan and a detailed ground survey. Whereas this hybrid model rating curve was in agreement with the direct measurements of discharge, the LiDAR model rating curve was equally in agreement with the medium and high flow measurements based on confidence intervals calculated from the direct measurements. The discrepancy between the LiDAR model rating curve and the low flow measurements was likely due to reduced roughness associated with unresolved submerged bed topography. Scanning during periods of low flow can help minimize this deficiency. These results suggest that combined ground surveys and LiDAR scans or multifrequency LiDAR scans that see below the water surface (bathymetric LiDAR) could be useful in generating data needed to run such a fluid mechanics-based model. This opens a realm of possibility to remotely sense and monitor stream flows in channels in remote locations. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nathanson, Marcus; Lyon, Steve W.] Stockholm Univ, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Grabs, Thomas J.; Seibert, Jan] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Seibert, Jan] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Laudon, Hjalmar] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, SLU, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Nathanson, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM marcus.nathanson@natgeo.su.se RI Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; Grabs, Thomas/G-5563-2012; Laudon, Hjalmar/J-3074-2013; Lyon, Steve/B-6802-2009; OI Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; Grabs, Thomas/0000-0002-6537-0753; Laudon, Hjalmar/0000-0001-6058-1466; Lyon, Steve/0000-0002-1137-648X; Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369 FU Ministry of Education and Research at the Swedish Government; Education Administration at the City of Stockholm; Swedish Research Council (VR) [2011-4390]; Formas (ForWater); SKB; European Space Agency (ESA) FX The lead author (MN) was funded by the Ministry of Education and Research at the Swedish Government and by the Education Administration at the City of Stockholm. We also acknowledge support in the form of funding from the Swedish Research Council (VR Grant No. 2011-4390). The Krycklan infrastructure is funded by Formas (ForWater), VR, SKB and others. The LiDAR scan was organized by the Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI) and financed by The European Space Agency (ESA). Great thanks to Jorgen Wallerman at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) for providing LiDAR data. Also, great thanks to Paul Kinzel (USGS) and Kevin Bishop (SLU) for the prereview of this manuscript, to Jim (James Dungan) Smith (USGS) for the helpful conversations and Bijan Dargahi at Swedish KTH Royal Institute of Technology that provided constructive comments on this paper, as did two anonymous reviewers. MN greatly acknowledges the staff at Trimtec (Umea, Sweden) and the field staff at SLU for all the support with the equipment, help and advice whenever needed. Any use of trade or product names does not constitute endorsement by the US government. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR 30 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1427 EP 1434 DI 10.1002/hyp.9225 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 925XJ UT WOS:000302795100015 ER PT J AU Rietbrock, A Ryder, I Hayes, G Haberland, C Comte, D Roecker, S Lyon-Caen, H AF Rietbrock, A. Ryder, I. Hayes, G. Haberland, C. Comte, D. Roecker, S. Lyon-Caen, H. TI Aftershock seismicity of the 2010 Maule Mw=8.8, Chile, earthquake: Correlation between co-seismic slip models and aftershock distribution? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEGATHRUST; GAP AB The 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile (Mw=8.8) earthquake is one of the best instrumentally observed subduction zone megathrust events. Here we present locations, magnitudes and cumulative equivalent moment of the first similar to 2 months of aftershocks, recorded on a temporary network deployed within 2 weeks of the occurrence of the main-shock. Using automatically-determined onset times and a back projection approach for event association, we are able to detect over 30,000 events in the time period analyzed. To further increase the location accuracy, we systematically searched for potential S-wave arrivals and events were located in a regional 2D velocity model. Additionally, we calculated regional moment tensors to gain insight into the deformation history of the aftershock sequence. We find that the aftershock seismicity is concentrated between 40 and 140 km distance from the trench over a depth range of 10 to 35 km. Focal mechanisms indicate a predominance of thrust faulting, with occasional normal faulting events. Increased activity is seen in the outer-rise region of the Nazca plate, predominantly in the northern part of the rupture area. Further down-dip, a second band of clustered seismicity, showing mainly thrust motion, is located at depths of 4045 km. By comparing recent published mainshock source inversions with our aftershock distribution, we discriminate slip models based on the assumption that aftershocks occur in areas of rapid transition between high and low slip, surrounding high-slip regions of themainshock. Citation: Rietbrock, A., I. Ryder, G. Hayes, C. Haberland, D. Comte, S. Roecker, and H. Lyon-Caen (2012), Aftershock seismicity of the 2010 Maule Mw=8.8, Chile, earthquake: Correlation between co-seismic slip models and aftershock distribution?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L08310, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051308. C1 [Rietbrock, A.; Ryder, I.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. [Comte, D.] Univ Chile, FCFM, AMTC, Santiago, Chile. [Haberland, C.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Hayes, G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lyon-Caen, H.] Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, Lab Geol, F-75231 Paris, France. [Roecker, S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Rietbrock, A (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Sci, 4 Brownlow St, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. EM a.rietbrock@liverpool.ac.uk RI Lyon-Caen, Helene/B-1825-2008; Geophysical Equipment Facility, NERC/G-5260-2010; COMTE, DIANA/H-2593-2013; OI Lyon-Caen, Helene/0000-0002-6331-0108; Haberland, Christian/0000-0002-2981-7087 FU NERC [NE/I005420/1] FX We thank IRIS, CNRS-INSU, GFZ, and Caltech for providing us with the continuous waveform data. We also thank the Seismological Service National of Chile (SSN), the Universidad of Concepcion, and the University of Santiago de Chile for their great support during the deployment and servicing of the stations. We show great gratitude towards all field crews from the various partner organisations, who deployed and serviced seismic stations. Without their continuous effort such an amazing data set could not haven been obtained. In support of this deployment we received funding from NERC (NE/I005420/1). Seismic instruments were provided by CNRS-INSU, IRIS/PASSCAL, GIPP(GFZ), GEF/SeisUK (Loan 922). NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L08310 DI 10.1029/2012GL051308 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 933AM UT WOS:000303331600003 ER PT J AU Corsaro, D Work, TM AF Corsaro, Daniele Work, Thierry M. TI Candidatus Renichlamydia lutjani, a Gram-negative bacterium in internal organs of blue-striped snapper Lutjanus kasmira from Hawaii SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Epitheliocystis; Chlamydia-like organism; Chlamydiae; Blue-striped snapper; Lutjanus kasmira ID CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; INTRACELLULAR BACTERIUM; PISCICHLAMYDIA SALMONIS; EPITHELIOCYSTIS; CHLAMYDIALES; PISCIRICKETTSIOSIS; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; AGENT; FISH AB The blue-striped snapper Lutjanus kasmira (Perciformes, Lutjanidae) are cosmopolitan in the Indo-Pacific but were introduced into Oahu, Hawaii, USA, in the 1950s and have since colonized most of the archipelago. Studies of microparasites in blue-striped snappers from Hawaii revealed chlamydia-like organisms (CLO) infecting the spleen and kidney, characterized by intracellular basophilic granular inclusions containing Gram-negative and Gimenez-positive bacteria similar in appearance to epitheliocysts when seen under light microscopy. We provide molecular evidence that CLO are a new member of Chlamydiae, i.e. Candidatus Renichlamydia lutjani, that represents the first reported case of chlamydial infection in organs other than the gill in fishes. C1 [Corsaro, Daniele] CHLAREAS Chlamydia Res Assoc, F-54500 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Corsaro, Daniele] Univ Neuchatel, Inst Biol, Lab Soil Biol, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Corsaro, D (reprint author), CHLAREAS Chlamydia Res Assoc, 12 Rue Maconnais, F-54500 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. EM corsaro@voila.fr RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; Corsaro, Daniele/0000-0002-1754-1546 FU Novartis Foundation FX D.C. was partially supported by the Novartis Foundation. Mention of products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD APR 26 PY 2012 VL 98 IS 3 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.3354/dao02441 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 931TW UT WOS:000303243200009 PM 22535875 ER PT J AU Longcore, T Rich, C Mineau, P MacDonald, B Bert, DG Sullivan, LM Mutrie, E Gauthreaux, SA Avery, ML Crawford, RL Manville, AM Travis, ER Drake, D AF Longcore, Travis Rich, Catherine Mineau, Pierre MacDonald, Beau Bert, Daniel G. Sullivan, Lauren M. Mutrie, Erin Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr. Avery, Michael L. Crawford, Robert L. Manville, Albert M., II Travis, Emilie R. Drake, David TI An Estimate of Avian Mortality at Communication Towers in the United States and Canada SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA TELEVISION TOWER; BIRD MORTALITY; NOCTURNAL MIGRANTS; GUY WIRES; TV TOWER; MIGRATION; COLLISIONS; SCAVENGERS; REMOVAL; WEATHER AB Avian mortality at communication towers in the continental United States and Canada is an issue of pressing conservation concern. Previous estimates of this mortality have been based on limited data and have not included Canada. We compiled a database of communication towers in the continental United States and Canada and estimated avian mortality by tower with a regression relating avian mortality to tower height. This equation was derived from 38 tower studies for which mortality data were available and corrected for sampling effort, search efficiency, and scavenging where appropriate. Although most studies document mortality at guyed towers with steady-burning lights, we accounted for lower mortality at towers without guy wires or steady-burning lights by adjusting estimates based on published studies. The resulting estimate of mortality at towers is 6.8 million birds per year in the United States and Canada. Bootstrapped subsampling indicated that the regression was robust to the choice of studies included and a comparison of multiple regression models showed that incorporating sampling, scavenging, and search efficiency adjustments improved model fit. Estimating total avian mortality is only a first step in developing an assessment of the biological significance of mortality at communication towers for individual species or groups of species. Nevertheless, our estimate can be used to evaluate this source of mortality, develop subsequent per-species mortality estimates, and motivate policy action. C1 [Longcore, Travis; Rich, Catherine] Urban Wildlands Grp, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Longcore, Travis] Univ So Calif, Spatial Sci Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mineau, Pierre; Bert, Daniel G.; Mutrie, Erin] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Sullivan, Lauren M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Avery, Michael L.] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. [Manville, Albert M., II] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA USA. [Travis, Emilie R.; Drake, David] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. RP Longcore, T (reprint author), Urban Wildlands Grp, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM longcore@urbanwildlands.org RI Bert, Daniel /A-5666-2013; Longcore, Travis/A-4978-2008 OI Bert, Daniel /0000-0001-7922-6907; Longcore, Travis/0000-0002-1039-2613 FU American Bird Conservancy; Defenders of Wildlife FX Collaborators from The Urban Wildlands Group were supported in the early stages of this research by the American Bird Conservancy (www.abcbirds.org) and Defenders of Wildlife (www.defenders.org). The Canadian Wildlife Service (www.ec.gc.ca) purchased the NAV CANADA dataset. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 103 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 25 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR e34025 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0034025 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959VP UT WOS:000305345200007 PM 22558082 ER PT J AU Benowitz, JA Haeussler, PJ Layer, PW O'Sullivan, PB Wallace, WK Gillis, RJ AF Benowitz, Jeff A. Haeussler, Peter J. Layer, Paul W. O'Sullivan, Paul B. Wallace, Wes K. Gillis, Robert J. TI Cenozoic tectono-thermal history of the Tordrillo Mountains, Alaska: Paleocene-Eocene ridge subduction, decreasing relief, and late Neogene faulting SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; ridge subduction; slab window; tectonics; thermochronology ID FISSION-TRACK THERMOCHRONOLOGY; ST ELIAS OROGEN; SLAB WINDOW; SOUTHERN ALASKA; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA; SIERRA-NEVADA; MANTLE FLOW; NEW-ZEALAND; EXHUMATION AB Topographic development inboard of the continental margin is a predicted response to ridge subduction. New thermochronology results from the western Alaska Range document ridge subduction related orogenesis. K-feldspar thermochronology (KFAT) of bedrock samples from the wTordrillo Mountains in the western Alaska Range complement existing U-Pb, Ar-40/Ar-39 and AFT (apatite fission track) data to provide constraints on Paleocene pluton emplacement, and cooling as well as Late Eocene to Miocene vertical movements and exhumation along fault-bounded blocks. Based on the KFAT analysis we infer rapid exhumation-related cooling during the Eocene in the Tordrillo Mountains. Our KFAT cooling ages are coeval with deposition of clastic sediments in the Cook Inlet, Matanuska Valley and Tanana basins, which reflect high-energy depositional environments. The Tordrillo Mountains KFAT cooling ages are also the same as cooling ages in the Iliamna Lake region, the Kichatna Mountains of the western Alaska Range, and Mt. Logan in the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountains, thus rapid cooling at this time encompasses a broad region inboard of, and parallel to, the continental margin extending for several hundred kilometers. We infer these cooling events and deposition of clastic rocks are related to thermal effects that track the eastward passage of a slab window in Paleocene-Eocene time related to the subduction of the proposed Resurrection-Kula spreading ridge. In addition, we conclude that the reconstructed KFAT(max) negative age-elevation relationship is likely related to a long period of decreasing relief in the Tordrillo Mountains. C1 [Benowitz, Jeff A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Layer, Paul W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [O'Sullivan, Paul B.] Apatite Zircon Inc, Viola, ID 83872 USA. [Gillis, Robert J.] Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Benowitz, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, POB 755940, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jbenowitz@alaska.edu OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 FU NSF-EAR [0952793] FX This manuscript has benefited greatly from fruitful discussions with Sarah Roeske and John Garver. The manuscript benefited greatly from helpful reviews by Tim Little and an anonymous reviewer. Additionally we thank David LePain and Richard Lease for USGS internal reviews which substantially improved the manuscript. This research in part was funded by NSF-EAR 0952793 to Paul Layer. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR 21 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q04009 DI 10.1029/2011GC003951 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930FL UT WOS:000303123000001 ER PT J AU Feng, WM Banner, JL Guilfoyle, AL Musgrove, M James, EW AF Feng, Weimin Banner, Jay L. Guilfoyle, Amber L. Musgrove, MaryLynn James, Eric W. TI Oxygen isotopic fractionation between drip water and speleothem calcite: A 10-year monitoring study, central Texas, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Speleothem calcite; Oxygen isotope fractionation; Calcite deposition rate; Calcite surface layer ID EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; LATE PLEISTOCENE; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; MONSOON RECORD; TRACE-ELEMENT; SOREQ CAVE; HULU CAVE; PALEOCLIMATE AB Speleothem delta O-18 values can serve as a paleoclimate proxy, yielding information about past temperature and rainfall. An accurate determination of the equilibrium calcite-water oxygen isotopic fractionation factor and an assessment of kinetic isotopic fractionation are required for interpretation of speleothem delta O-18 data. In this study, delta O-18 values were measured for calcite deposited on artificial substrates at four sites in two central Texas caves monitored for over 10 years. The results are used to evaluate the equilibrium isotopic fractionation factor and the impact of climatic and hydrologic conditions on kinetic isotopic fractionation. The delta O-18 values of calcite from the four sites ranged from 24.8 parts per thousand. to 26.7 parts per thousand (V-SMOW), and associated drip water values ranged from -4.6 parts per thousand to -3.9 parts per thousand. A comparison of predicted equilibrium calcite delta O-18 values, calculated using a commonly-used isotopic fractionation factor, with measured values indicates that 94% of the calcite samples are not in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with respect to their associated drip water. The departure from oxygen isotopic equilibrium (expressed as Delta O-18(cc-e)) ranges from -0.7 parts per thousand to 1.4 parts per thousand. Three of the four drip sites yield similar linear relationships between Delta O-18(cc-e), and water temperature (t(w)), and can be collectively expressed as: Delta O-18(cc-e) = 0.3t(w) - 4.7: r(2) = 0.56 (n = 93). Therefore, calcite deposited during time periods of lower t(w) lower cave-air CO2 concentration and faster calcite deposition rates, have delta O-18 values closer to equilibrium. This contradicts conceptual models, which predict that a faster calcite deposition rate leads to a larger departure of calcite delta O-18 from equilibrium. If slower calcite deposition indeed facilitates equilibrium fractionation (i.e., Delta O-18(cc-e) -> 0), then the results of this study support a larger than commonly accepted value for the equilibrium calcite-water oxygen isotopic fractionation factor. Adopting a larger published value for the fractionation factor yields negative Delta O-18(cc-e) values of up to -2.4 parts per thousand.. These negative values cannot be explained by existing kinetic fractionation models. Alternatively, they may reflect the trapping of a calcite "surface layer" with a lower delta O-18 value than that of calcite in isotopic equilibrium with ambient water. The relationship between deposition rates and Delta O-18(cc-e) for this study is consistent with the same relationship using data for synthetic calcite from the literature. This relationship indicates a -0.8 parts per thousand shift of calcite delta O-18 for every ten-fold increase in deposition rate at 5 to 25 degrees C and a pH of -8.3 parts per thousand. The significant kinetic fractionation observed in this study warrant consideration in applying measured speleothem calcite delta O-18 values to interpret past climate conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Feng, Weimin; Banner, Jay L.; Guilfoyle, Amber L.; James, Eric W.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Musgrove, MaryLynn] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. RP Feng, WM (reprint author), Valdosta State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. EM weimin.feng@gmail.com RI Banner, Jay/C-8676-2011; OI James, Eric/0000-0002-6383-4358; musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864 FU NSF [08-505]; Geology Foundation and Environmental Science Institute of the University of Texas FX This research was supported by NSF P2C2 grant #08-505 to J. Banner and L Yang, and by the Geology Foundation and Environmental Science Institute of the University of Texas. We thank Kevin Meyer and Kyle Meyer for constructive input. We also thank the owners, management and staffs of Inner Space Cavern and Natural Bridge Caverns, Richard Casteel, Ashley Payne, and many other students over the past decade for assistance in the field. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 18 PY 2012 VL 304 BP 53 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.02.004 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 929XL UT WOS:000303098900006 ER PT J AU Payn, RA Gooseff, MN McGlynn, BL Bencala, KE Wondzell, SM AF Payn, R. A. Gooseff, M. N. McGlynn, B. L. Bencala, K. E. Wondzell, S. M. TI Exploring changes in the spatial distribution of stream baseflow generation during a seasonal recession SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; CATCHMENT-SCALE; RESIDENCE TIME; VARIABILITY; TOPOGRAPHY; HYDROLOGY; GEOMORPHOLOGY; CONNECTIVITY; MOUNTAINS AB Relating watershed structure to streamflow generation is a primary focus of hydrology. However, comparisons of longitudinal variability in stream discharge with adjacent valley structure have been rare, resulting in poor understanding of the distribution of the hydrologic mechanisms that cause variability in streamflow generation along valleys. This study explores detailed surveys of stream base flow across a gauged, 23 km(2) mountain watershed. Research objectives were (1) to relate spatial variability in base flow to fundamental elements of watershed structure, primarily topographic contributing area, and (2) to assess temporal changes in the spatial patterns of those relationships during a seasonal base flow recession. We analyzed spatiotemporal variability in base flow using (1) summer hydrographs at the study watershed outlet and 5 subwatershed outlets and (2) longitudinal series of discharge measurements every similar to 100 m along the streams of the 3 largest subwatersheds (1200 to 2600 m in valley length), repeated 2 to 3 times during base flow recession. Reaches within valley segments of 300 to 1200 m in length tended to demonstrate similar streamflow generation characteristics. Locations of transitions between these segments were consistent throughout the recession, and tended to be collocated with abrupt longitudinal transitions in valley slope or hillslope-riparian characteristics. Both within and among subwatersheds, correlation between the spatial distributions of streamflow and topographic contributing area decreased during the recession, suggesting a general decrease in the influence of topography on stream base flow contributions. As topographic controls on base flow evidently decreased, multiple aspects of subsurface structure were likely to have gained influence. C1 [Payn, R. A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Payn, R. A.; McGlynn, B. L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bencala, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gooseff, M. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wondzell, S. M.] ARS, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Payn, RA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rpayn@montana.edu RI McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 FU NSF [EAR 03-37650, EAR 05-30873] FX We thank Kelsey Jencso, Austin Allen, Aurora Bouchier, and Martin Briggs for assistance in the field. We thank the anonymous reviewers who have taken the time for extensive comments, greatly improving the clarity of this paper. We also thank the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, especially Ward McCaughey. This research was supported by collaborative NSF grants EAR 03-37650 to BLM and EAR 05-30873 to MNG. The findings and opinions reported here do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. NR 44 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 18 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W04519 DI 10.1029/2011WR011552 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 930GC UT WOS:000303124700003 ER PT J AU Kuivila, KM Hladik, ML Ingersoll, CG Kemble, NE Moran, PW Calhoun, DL Nowell, LH Gilliom, RJ AF Kuivila, Kathryn M. Hladik, Michelle L. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Kemble, Nile E. Moran, Patrick W. Calhoun, Daniel L. Nowell, Lisa H. Gilliom, Robert J. TI Occurrence and Potential Sources of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Stream Sediments from Seven U.S. Metropolitan Areas SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS; HYALELLA-AZTECA; CENTRAL VALLEY; TOXICITY; PESTICIDES; URBAN; WATER; CALIFORNIA; BED; USA AB A nationally consistent approach was used to assess the occurrence and potential sources of pyrethroid insecticides in stream bed sediments from seven metropolitan areas across the United States. One or more pyrethroids were detected in almost half of the samples, with bifenthrin detected the most frequently (41%) and in each metropolitan area. Cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, permethrin, and resmethrin were detected much less frequently. Pyrethroid concentrations and Hyalella azteca mortality in 28-d tests were lower than in most urban stream studies. Log-transformed total pyrethroid toxic units (TUs) were significantly correlated with survival and bifenthrin was likely responsible for the majority of the observed toxicity. Sampling sites spanned a wide range of urbanization and log-transformed total pyrethroid concentrations were significantly correlated with urban land use. Dallas/Fort Worth had the highest pyrethroid detection frequency (89%), the greatest number of pyrethroids (4), and some of the highest concentrations. Salt Lake City had a similar percentage of detections but only bifenthrin was detected and at lower concentrations. The variation in pyrethroid concentrations among metropolitan areas suggests regional differences in pyrethroid use and transport processes. This study shows that pyrethroids commonly occur in urban stream sediments and may be contributing to sediment toxicity across the country. C1 [Kuivila, Kathryn M.; Hladik, Michelle L.; Nowell, Lisa H.; Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kemble, Nile E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Moran, Patrick W.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA USA. [Calhoun, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kuivila, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. EM kkuivila@usgs.gov OI Calhoun, Daniel/0000-0003-2371-6936; Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 NR 31 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 7 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 8 BP 4297 EP 4303 DI 10.1021/es2044882 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926SB UT WOS:000302850300009 PM 22455560 ER PT J AU Goldman, JH Rounds, SA Needoba, JA AF Goldman, Jami H. Rounds, Stewart A. Needoba, Joseph A. TI Applications of Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Predicting Percent Wastewater in an Urban Stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON; ECOSYSTEMS; ABSORBENCY; MARINE; DOM AB Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a significant organic carbon reservoir in many ecosystems, and its characteristics and sources determine many aspects of ecosystem health and water quality. Fluorescence spectroscopy methods can quantify and characterize the subset of the DOC pool that can absorb and re-emit electromagnetic energy as fluorescence and thus provide a rapid technique for environmental monitoring of DOC in lakes and rivers. Using high resolution fluorescence techniques, we characterized DOC in the Tualatin River watershed near Portland, Oregon, and identified fluorescence parameters associated with effluent from two wastewater treatment plants and samples from sites within and outside the urban region. Using a variety of statistical approaches, we developed and validated a multivariate linear regression model to predict the amount of wastewater in the river as a function of the relative abundance of specific fluorescence excitation/emission pairs. The model was tested with independent data and predicts the percentage of wastewater in a sample within 80% confidence. Model results can be used to develop in situ instrumentation, inform monitoring programs, and develop additional water quality indicators for aquatic systems. C1 [Goldman, Jami H.; Needoba, Joseph A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Inst Environm Hlth, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Goldman, Jami H.; Rounds, Stewart A.] USGS Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Goldman, JH (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Inst Environm Hlth, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM jgoldman@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0424602] FX We thank USGS Boulder, CO for our DOC analyses and USGS Sacramento, CA for EEM Matlab codes. This research was supported in part through the National Science Foundation cooperative agreement OCE-0424602 awarded to the Center for Coastal Margin Observation and Prediction. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 8 BP 4374 EP 4381 DI 10.1021/es2041114 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926SB UT WOS:000302850300018 PM 22435681 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Moore, R Smith, RA Miller, EK Simcox, A Kamman, N Nacci, D Robinson, K Johnston, JM Hughes, MM Johnston, C Evers, D Williams, K Graham, J King, S AF Shanley, James B. Moore, Richard Smith, Richard A. Miller, Eric K. Simcox, Alison Kamman, Neil Nacci, Diane Robinson, Keith Johnston, John M. Hughes, Melissa M. Johnston, Craig Evers, David Williams, Kate Graham, John King, Susannah TI MERGANSER: An Empirical Model To Predict Fish and Loon Mercury in New England Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-HAMPSHIRE LAKES; FRESH-WATER FISH; METHYL-MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; NORTHEASTERN USA; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT AB MERGANSER (MERcury Geo-spatial AssessmeNtS for the New England (Region) is an empirical least-squares multiple regression model using mercury (Hg) deposition and readily obtainable lake and watershed features to predict fish (fillet) and common loon (blood) Hg in New England lakes. We modeled lakes larger than 8 ha (4404 lakes), using 3470 fish (12 species) and 253 loon Hg concentrations from 420 lakes. MERGANSER predictor variables included Hg deposition, watershed alkalinity, percent wetlands, percent forest canopy, percent agriculture, drainage area, population density, mean annual air temperature, and watershed slope. The model returns fish or loon Hg for user-entered species and fish length. MERGANSER explained 63% of the variance in fish and loon Hg concentrations. MERGANSER predicted that 32-cm smallmouth bass had a median Hg concentration of 0.53 mu g g(-1) (root-mean-square error 0.27 mu g g(-1)) and exceeded EPA's recommended fish Hg criterion of 0.3 mu g g(-1) in 90% of New England lakes. Common loon had a median Hg concentration of 1.07 mu g g(-1) and was in the moderate or higher risk category of >1 mu g g(-1) Hg in 58% of New England lakes. MERGANSER can be applied to target fish advisories to specific unmonitored lakes, and for scenario evaluation, such as the effect of changes in Hg deposition, land use, or warmer climate on fish and loon mercury. C1 [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Moore, Richard; Robinson, Keith; Johnston, Craig] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Smith, Richard A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Miller, Eric K.] Ecosyst Res Grp Ltd, Norwich, VT 05055 USA. [Simcox, Alison] US EPA Reg I, Boston, MA 02109 USA. [Kamman, Neil] Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. [Nacci, Diane; Hughes, Melissa M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Johnston, John M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Evers, David; Williams, Kate] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Graham, John] NE States Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [King, Susannah] New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commi, Lowell, MA 01852 USA. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov FU EPA through its Advanced Monitoring Initiative and Global Earth Observation System of Systems (AMI/GEOSS) FX The EPA and the USGS gratefully acknowledge project management provided by Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM). We thank Jeri Weiss for her role in project initiation, Kathleen Fahey for project coordination, and Mark Borsuk and Greg Schwartz for useful discussions. Doug Burns, Chris Knightes, and three anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this paper. The EPA provided funding through its Advanced Monitoring Initiative and Global Earth Observation System of Systems (AMI/GEOSS) grant. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for presentation and publication. Daniel Poleschook, Jr. took the TOC art photo of the trout-eating loon. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 8 BP 4641 EP 4648 DI 10.1021/es300581p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926SB UT WOS:000302850300052 PM 22372609 ER PT J AU Meltzner, AJ Sieh, K Chiang, HW Shen, CC Suwargadi, BW Natawidjaja, DH Philibosian, B Briggs, RW AF Meltzner, Aron J. Sieh, Kerry Chiang, Hong-Wei Shen, Chuan-Chou Suwargadi, Bambang W. Natawidjaja, Danny H. Philibosian, Belle Briggs, Richard W. TI Persistent termini of 2004-and 2005-like ruptures of the Sunda megathrust SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SLIP; DEFORMATION; ARC; BOUNDARY; CORALS; PLATE; SEGMENTATION; SEISMICITY AB To gain insight into the longevity of subduction zone segmentation, we use coral microatolls to examine an 1100-year record of large earthquakes across the boundary of the great 2004 and 2005 Sunda megathrust ruptures. Simeulue, a 100-km-long island off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, straddles this boundary: northern Simeulue was uplifted in the 2004 earthquake, whereas southern Simeulue rose in 2005. Northern Simeulue corals reveal that predecessors of the 2004 earthquake occurred in the 10th century AD, in AD 1394 +/- 2, and in AD 1450 +/- 3. Corals from southern Simeulue indicate that none of the major uplifts inferred on northern Simeulue in the past 1100 years extended to southern Simeulue. The two largest uplifts recognized at a south-central Simeulue site-around AD 1422 and in 2005-involved little or no uplift of northern Simeulue. The distribution of uplift and strong shaking during a historical earthquake in 1861 suggests the 1861 rupture area was also restricted to south of central Simeulue, as in 2005. The strikingly different histories of the two adjacent patches demonstrate that this boundary has persisted as an impediment to rupture through at least seven earthquakes in the past 1100 years. This implies that the rupture lengths, and hence sizes, of at least some future great earthquakes and tsunamis can be forecast. These microatolls also provide insight into megathrust behavior between earthquakes, revealing sudden and substantial changes in interseismic strain accumulation rates. C1 [Meltzner, Aron J.; Sieh, Kerry] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Meltzner, Aron J.; Sieh, Kerry; Philibosian, Belle] CALTECH, Tecton Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chiang, Hong-Wei; Shen, Chuan-Chou] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, High Precis Mass Spectrometry & Environm Change L, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Suwargadi, Bambang W.; Natawidjaja, Danny H.] Indonesian Inst Sci, Res Ctr Geotechnol, Bandung 40135, West Java, Indonesia. [Briggs, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Meltzner, AJ (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM meltzner@ntu.edu.sg RI Meltzner, Aron/A-5585-2009; Briggs, Richard/A-1348-2013; Shen, Chuan-Chou/H-9642-2013; OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046; Chiang, Hong-Wei/0000-0002-5274-594X; SHEN, CHUAN-CHOU/0000-0003-2833-2771; Meltzner, Aron/0000-0002-2955-0896; Philibosian, Belle/0000-0003-3138-4716 FU NSF [EAR-0538333]; NSC [98-2661-M-002-012, 99-2611-M-002-006, 99-2628-M-002-012]; Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI); Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology (RUTI); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Earth Observatory of Singapore FX We thank D. Prayudi, I. Suprihanto, and J. Galetzka for field support; M. Simons and J.-P. Avouac for helpful discussions; and R. Burgmann, R. Gold, J. Freymueller, and H. Kelsey for insightful reviews that led to substantial improvements in the manuscript. This work has been supported by NSF grant EAR-0538333 (to K.S.); by NSC grants 98-2661-M-002-012, 99-2611-M-002-006, and 99-2628-M-002-012 (to C.C.S.); by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and International Joint Research Program of the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology (RUTI); by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; and by the Earth Observatory of Singapore. This is Caltech Tectonics Observatory contribution 167 and Earth Observatory of Singapore contribution 30. An annotated high-resolution X-ray mosaic of each of the BUN-A coral cross sections is provided in the electronic supplement of A. Meltzner's Ph. D. thesis [Meltzner, 2010], along with a selection of field photos from the site. We are forever grateful to Caltech geology librarian Jim O'Donnell for all his assistance on this project and over the years; Jim passed away the week this paper was accepted, and he will be sorely missed. NR 64 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B04405 DI 10.1029/2011JB008888 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930DF UT WOS:000303116400002 ER PT J AU Schwaiger, HF Denlinger, RP Mastin, LG AF Schwaiger, Hans F. Denlinger, Roger P. Mastin, Larry G. TI Ash3d: A finite-volume, conservative numerical model for ash transport and tephra deposition SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC ASH; CRATER PEAK; DISPERSION MODEL; 1992 ERUPTIONS; FALL DEPOSITS; PARTICLES; SIMULATION; CLOUDS; ALASKA; REANALYSIS AB We develop a transient, 3-D Eulerian model (Ash3d) to predict airborne volcanic ash concentration and tephra deposition during volcanic eruptions. This model simulates downwind advection, turbulent diffusion, and settling of ash injected into the atmosphere by a volcanic eruption column. Ash advection is calculated using time-varying pre-existing wind data and a robust, high-order, finite-volume method. Our routine is mass-conservative and uses the coordinate system of the wind data, either a Cartesian system local to the volcano or a global spherical system for the Earth. Volcanic ash is specified with an arbitrary number of grain sizes, which affects the fall velocity, distribution and duration of transport. Above the source volcano, the vertical mass distribution with elevation is calculated using a Suzuki distribution for a given plume height, eruptive volume, and eruption duration. Multiple eruptions separated in time may be included in a single simulation. We test the model using analytical solutions for transport. Comparisons of the predicted and observed ash distributions for the 18 August 1992 eruption of Mt. Spurr in Alaska demonstrate to the efficacy and efficiency of the routine. C1 [Schwaiger, Hans F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Denlinger, Roger P.; Mastin, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP Schwaiger, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM hschwaiger@usgs.gov; roger@usgs.gov; lgmastin@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Volcano Hazards Program; National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. National Weather Service; PCMDI (U.S. Department of Energy) FX Funding for this study has been provided by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program and the Volcano Hazards Program. This manuscript was greatly improved thanks to helpful comments from Dave George, Kristi Wallace, John Power, Chris Waythomas, and two anonymous reviewers. The NCEP-NARR data for this study are from the Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The original NCEP-NARR data are available from the RDA (http://dss.ucar.edu) in data set number ds608.0. NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R2) was produced with the support of the U.S. National Weather Service and of PCMDI (U.S. Department of Energy). MERRA data used in this study have been have been provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the NASA GES DISC online archive. NR 65 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B04204 DI 10.1029/2011JB008968 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930DF UT WOS:000303116400003 ER PT J AU Hein, CJ FitzGerald, DM Carruthers, EA Stone, BD Barnhardt, WA Gontz, AM AF Hein, Christopher J. FitzGerald, Duncan M. Carruthers, Emily A. Stone, Byron D. Barnhardt, Walter A. Gontz, Allen M. TI Refining the model of barrier island formation along a paraglacial coast in the Gulf of Maine SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inlet processes; inlet-fill sequence; spit accretion; barrier-island formation; paraglacial; ground-penetrating radar ID SEA-LEVEL RECORD; EBB-TIDAL DELTA; NEW-ENGLAND; WESTERN GULF; CALIBRATION CURVES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; NORTH-CAROLINA; INLET; STRATIGRAPHY; EVOLUTION AB Details of the internal architecture and local geochronology of Plum Island, the longest barrier in the Gulf of Maine, have refined our understanding of barrier island formation in paraglacial settings. Ground-penetrating radar and shallow-seismic profiles coupled with sediment cores and radiocarbon dates provide an 8000-year evolutionary history of this barrier system in response to changes in sediment sources and supply rates as well as variability in the rate of sea-level change. The barrier sequence overlies tills of Wisconsinan and Illinoian glaciations as well as late Pleistocene glaciomarine clay deposited during the post-glacial sea-level highstand at approximately 17 ka. Holocene sediment began accumulating at the site of Plum Island at 7-8 ka, in the form of coarse fluvial channel-lag deposits related to the 50-m wide erosional channel of the Parker River that carved into underlying glaciomarine deposits during a lower stand of sea level. Plum Island had first developed in its modem location by ca. 3.6 ka through onshore migration and vertical accretion of reworked regressive and lowstand deposits. The prevalence of southerly, seaward-dipping layers indicates that greater than 60% of the barrier lithosome developed in its modem location through southerly spit progradation, consistent with a dominantly longshore transport system driven by northeast storms. Thinner sequences of northerly, landward-dipping clinoforms represent the northern recurve of the prograding spit. A 5-6-m-thick inlet-fill sequence was identified overlying the lower stand fluvial deposit; its stratigraphy captures events of channel migration, ebb-delta breaching, onshore bar migration, channel shoaling and inlet infilling associated with the migration and eventual closure of the inlet. This inlet had a maximum cross-sectional area of 2800 m(2) and was active around 3.5-3.6 ka Discovery of this inlet suggests that the tidal prism was once larger than at present. Bay infilling, driven by the import of sediment into the backbarrier environment through tidal inlets, as well as minor sediment contribution from local rivers, led to a vast reduction in the bay tidal prism. This study demonstrates that prior to about 3 ka, Plum Island and its associated marshes, tidal flats, and inlets were in a paraglacial environment; that is, their main source of sediment was derived from the erosion and reworking of glaciogenic deposits. Since that time, Plum Island has been in a state of dynamic equilibrium with its non-glacial sediment sources and therefore can be largely considered to be in a stable, "post-paraglacial" state. This study is furthermore the first in the Gulf of Maine to show that spit accretion and inlet processes were the dominant mechanisms in barrier-island formation and thus serves as a foundation for future investigations of barrier development in response to backbarrier infilling. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hein, Christopher J.; FitzGerald, Duncan M.; Carruthers, Emily A.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Stone, Byron D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Barnhardt, Walter A.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gontz, Allen M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Hein, CJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS 04,266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM hein@whoi.edu; dunc@bu.edu; ecarruthers@sea.edu; bdstone@usgs.gov; wbarnhardt@usgs.gov; allen.gontz@umb.edu FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement; USGS Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center; USGS; Geological Society of America (GSA); American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG); Boston University; Clare Booth Luce Summer Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation (NSF) FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Robert E. Weems and Helaine W. Markewich of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers for their detailed revisions of earlier versions of this manuscript. Our deep appreciation also goes to Graham Taylor and the staff of the Parker River National Wildlife Refuge for their accommodation and assistance throughout the course of several years of field work. This study was funded by the Minerals Management Service (now the "Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement"), the USGS Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center, the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (State Map), a Geological Society of America (GSA) Student Research Grant, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Grants-in-Aid program, and the Boston University Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP). Additionally, E. Carruthers was funded in part by the Clare Booth Luce Summer Research Fellowship and C. Hein was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 82 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 307 BP 40 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.03.001 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 956TK UT WOS:000305111800004 ER PT J AU Noble, MA Rosenberger, KJ Rosenfeld, LK Robertson, GL AF Noble, Marlene A. Rosenberger, Kurt J. Rosenfeld, Leslie K. Robertson, George L. TI Temporal and spatial patterns in wind stress and wind stress curl over the central Southern California Bight SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wind stress patterns; Interannual variability; Continental shelf processes; Southern California Bight ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CURRENT SYSTEM; CURRENTS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; COAST; COEFFICIENTS; SURFACE; SLOPE AB In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey, together with several other federal and municipal agencies, began a series of field programs to determine along and cross-shelf transport patterns over the continental shelves in the central Southern California Bight. As a part of these programs, moorings that monitor winds were deployed off the Palos Verdes peninsula and within San Pedro Bay for six 3-4 month summer and winter periods between 2001 and 2008. In addition, nearly continuous records of winds for this 7-year period were obtained from a terrestrial site at the coast and from a basin site offshore of the long-term coastal site. The mean annual winds are downcoast at all sites. The alongshelf components of wind stress, which are the largest part of the low-frequency wind stress fields, are well correlated between basin, shelf and coastal sites. On average, the amplitude of alongshelf fluctuations in wind stress are 3-4 times larger over the offshore basin, compared to the coastal site, irrespective of whether the fluctuations represent the total, or just the correlated portion of the wind stress field. The curl in the large-scale wind stress tends to be positive, especially in the winter season when the mean wind stress is downcoast and larger at the offshore basin site than at the beach. However, since the fluctuation in wind stress amplitudes are usually larger than the mean, periods of weak negative curl do occur, especially in the summer season when the largest normalized differences in the amplitude of wind stress fluctuations are found in the nearshore region of the coastal ocean. Even though the low-frequency wind stress field is well-correlated over the continental shelf and offshore basins, out to distances of 35 km or more from the coast, winds even 10 km inshore of the beach do not represent the coastal wind field, at least in the summer months. The seasonal changes in the spatial structures in wind stress amplitudes suggest that an assessment of the amplitude of the responses of coastal ocean processes to wind forcing is complex and that the responses may have significant seasonal structures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Noble, Marlene A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rosenberger, Kurt J.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Rosenfeld, Leslie K.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Robertson, George L.] Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Huntington Beach, CA USA. RP Noble, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mnoble@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 38 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.03.006 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 941EW UT WOS:000303947500008 ER PT J AU Alt, JC Garrido, CJ Shanks, WC Turchyn, A Padron-Navarta, JA Sanchez-Vizcaino, VL Pugnaire, MTG Marchesi, C AF Alt, Jeffrey C. Garrido, Carlos J. Shanks, W. C., III Turchyn, Alexandra Alberto Padron-Navarta, Jose Lopez Sanchez-Vizcaino, Vicente Gomez Pugnaire, Maria Teresa Marchesi, Claudio TI Recycling of water, carbon, and sulfur during subduction of serpentinites: A stable isotope study of Cerro del Almirez, Spain SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE subduction; stable isotopes; serpentinite; volatiles; geochemical cycling ID MICROBIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; NEVADO-FILABRIDE COMPLEX; HIGH-PRESSURE BREAKDOWN; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; ANTIGORITE SERPENTINITE; CHLORITE HARZBURGITE; OCEANIC PERIDOTITES; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; MARIANA ARC; FORE-ARC AB We use the concentrations and isotope compositions of water, carbon, and sulfur in serpentinites and their dehydration products to trace the cycling of volatiles during subduction. Antigorite serpentinites from the Cerro del Almirez complex, Spain, contain 9-12 wt.% H2O and 910 +/- 730 ppm sulfur, and have bulk delta O-18 values of 8.6 +/- 0.4 parts per thousand, delta D = -54 +/- 5 parts per thousand, and delta S-34 = 5.0 parts per thousand., consistent with serpentinization at temperatures of similar to 200 degrees C by seawater hydrothermal fluids in a seafloor setting. The serpentinites were dehydrated to chlorite-harzburgite (olivine + orthopyroxene + chlorite) at 700 degrees C and 1.6-1.9 GPa during subduction metamorphism, resulting in loss of water, and sulfur. The chlorite-harzburgites contain 5.7 +/- 1.9 wt.% H2O, and have bulk delta O-18 = 8.0 +/- 0.9 parts per thousand., and delta D = 77 +/- 11%. The rocks contain 650 +/- 620 ppm sulfur having delta S-34 = 1.2 parts per thousand. Dehydration of serpentinite resulted in loss of 5 wt.% H2O having delta O-18 = 8-10 parts per thousand and delta D = -27 to -65%. and loss of 260 ppm sulfur as sulfate, having delta S-34 =14.5 parts per thousand,. The contents and delta C-13 of total carbon in the two rock types overlap, with a broad trend of decreasing carbon contents and delta C-13 from similar to 1300 to 200 ppm and -9.6 to -20.2 parts per thousand. This reflects mixing between reduced carbon in the rocks (210 ppm, delta C-13 approximate to - 26 parts per thousand) and seawater-derived carbonate (delta C-13 approximate to -1 parts per thousand). Our results indicate: 1) Serpentinized oceanic peridotites carry significant amounts of isotopically fractionated water, carbon and sulfur into subduction zones; 2) Subduction of serpentinites to high P and T results in loss of water, and sulfur, which can induce melting and contribute to O-18, D. and S-34 enrichments and oxidation of the sub-arc mantle wedge; and 3) Isotopically fractionated water, carbon, and sulfur in serpentinite dehydration products are recycled deeper into the mantle where they can contribute to isotope heterogeneities and may be significant for volatile budgets of the deep Earth. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alt, Jeffrey C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Garrido, Carlos J.; Lopez Sanchez-Vizcaino, Vicente; Gomez Pugnaire, Maria Teresa; Marchesi, Claudio] CSIC, IACT, Granada 18100, Spain. [Garrido, Carlos J.; Lopez Sanchez-Vizcaino, Vicente; Gomez Pugnaire, Maria Teresa; Marchesi, Claudio] UGR, Granada 18100, Spain. [Shanks, W. C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Turchyn, Alexandra] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Alberto Padron-Navarta, Jose; Gomez Pugnaire, Maria Teresa] Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dep Mineral & Petrol, Granada 18002, Spain. [Lopez Sanchez-Vizcaino, Vicente] Univ Jaen, Dept Geol, Escuela Politecn Super, Linares 23700, Spain. RP Alt, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 2534 CC Little Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jalt@umich.edu; carlos.garrido@csic.es; pshanks@usgs.gov; avt25@cam.ac.uk; padron@ugr.es; vlopez@ujaen.es; teresa@ugr.es; claudio@iact.ugr-csic.es RI Padron-Navarta, Jose Alberto/D-5400-2009; Marchesi, Claudio/A-6592-2011; Garrido, Carlos J./A-6249-2008; Gomez-Pugnaire, Maria Teresa/C-8890-2015; LOPEZ SANCHEZ-VIZCAINO, VICENTE/A-1974-2010 OI Padron-Navarta, Jose Alberto/0000-0001-8202-0037; Marchesi, Claudio/0000-0001-7313-5692; Garrido, Carlos J./0000-0003-4357-3637; Gomez-Pugnaire, Maria Teresa/0000-0003-4730-9139; LOPEZ SANCHEZ-VIZCAINO, VICENTE/0000-0003-0762-3692 FU NSF EAR [0809000]; EMAS [PERG08-GA-2010-276867]; International Lithosphere Program [CC4-MEDYNA]; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [CGL2010-14848, CGL2007-61205/BTE]; Junta de Andalucia [RMN-145, RNM-131, 2009RNM4495]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) [CGL2009-12518/BTE]; [EU-FP7-PEOPLE-2012-RG] FX We thank Gray Bebout, Robert Rye, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful reviews. J.A. thanks Lora Wingate and Susan Alford for assistance in the lab, and Margot Godard and Henry Dick for helpful discussions. This work was supported by NSF EAR 0809000. We acknowledge funding from EU-FP7-PEOPLE-2012-RG grant EMAS (PERG08-GA-2010-276867), the International Lithosphere Program (CC4-MEDYNA), the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (research grants CGL2010-14848 and CGL2007-61205/BTE), Junta de Andalucia (research groups RMN-145, RNM-131 and grant 2009RNM4495), and grant CGL2009-12518/BTE of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN). NR 98 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 327 BP 50 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.029 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 927BJ UT WOS:000302881600007 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Thomsen, M Yin, Y AF De Jager, Nathan R. Thomsen, Meredith Yin, Yao TI Threshold effects of flood duration on the vegetation and soils of the Upper Mississippi River floodplain, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Acer saccharinum; Diversity; Flood inundation; Principal Components Analysis; Soil fertility; Soil texture ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FORESTS; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; DENITRIFICATION; SEDIMENTATION; PATTERNS; MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE; WETLAND; DECOMPOSITION AB Most large rivers have experienced major changes in hydrology and land use over the past century, with concomitant effects on sedimentation, nutrient cycling and biodiversity. To restore and/or enhance these ecosystems, managers need to know where their efforts are most likely to succeed under current hydrologic regimes as well as under potential future hydrologic regimes. We therefore examined changes in forest vegetation and soils across a hydrologic gradient, expressed as flood duration during the growing season, for 320 km of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) floodplain. Soil texture was highly variable but trended toward finer grained sediments and >5% organic matter as flood duration increased from 0% to similar to 40% of the growing season. Beyond 40%, soil texture was exclusively silt plus clay with >5% organic matter. The diversity of both the understory and overstory tree communities was also highly variable at sites that flooded for <40% of the growing season. However, understory diversity decreased as flood duration increased from 0% to similar to 25% of the growing season and overstory diversity declined as flood duration increased from 0% to similar to 40% of the growing season. Diversity estimates for both strata were uniformly low at sites that flooded for longer than similar to 40% of the growing season. Beyond this point the proportional abundance of Acer saccharinum in the overstory exceeded 70%. Our results suggest that there is a threshold along the elevation gradient of this floodplain, corresponding with flood durations lasting similar to 40% of the growing season. At lower elevation sites, flooding exerts primary control over forest soils and vegetation, restricting the former to silt plus clay with higher organic matter and the latter to a few highly flood tolerant species. The existence of such thresholds have implications for management of floodplain soil nutrient dynamics and plant diversity under existing hydrologic regimes, more natural hydrologic regimes and more extreme hydrologic regimes that may result from climate change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.; Yin, Yao] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Thomsen, Meredith] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Thomsen, Meredith] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov RI De Jager, Nathan/B-8470-2013; OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU USACE; USEPA; USFWS; USGS FX Funding for this research was provided by the Long Term Resources Monitoring Component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program, a partnership among four federal agencies: USACE, USEPA, USFWS and USGS and five states: Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri and Wisconsin. The support of this partnership is greatly appreciated. The author's would like to specifically thank Randal R. Urich, Kurt A. Brownell and Kristin M. Moe for their efforts in data collection and management. Helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper were provided by Barry Johnson and two anonymous reviewers. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 77 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 270 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.01.023 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 928MM UT WOS:000302986900016 ER PT J AU Mather, TA Witt, MLI Pyle, DM Quayle, BM Aiuppa, A Bagnato, E Martin, RS Sims, KWW Edmonds, M Sutton, AJ Ilyinskaya, E AF Mather, T. A. Witt, M. L. I. Pyle, D. M. Quayle, B. M. Aiuppa, A. Bagnato, E. Martin, R. S. Sims, K. W. W. Edmonds, M. Sutton, A. J. Ilyinskaya, E. TI Halogens and trace metal emissions from the ongoing 2008 summit eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE GASES; MOUNT-ETNA VOLCANO; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; MASAYA-VOLCANO; MAGMATIC GASES; AIR-POLLUTION; SOUTH-PACIFIC; MINERAL DUST; JANUARY 1983 AB Volcanic plume samples taken in 2008 and 2009 from the Halema 'uma 'u eruption at Kilauea provide new insights into Kilauea's degassing behaviour. The Cl, F and S gas systematics are consistent with syn-eruptive East Rift Zone measurements suggesting that the new Halema 'uma 'u activity is fed by a convecting magma reservoir shallower than the main summit storage area. Comparison with degassing models suggests that plume halogen and S composition is controlled by very shallow (<3 m depth) decompression degassing and progressive loss of volatiles at the surface. Compared to most other global volcanoes, Kilauea's gases are depleted in Cl with respect to S. Similarly, our Br/S and I/S ratio measurements in Halema 'uma 'u's plume are lower than those measured at arc volcanoes, consistent with contributions from the subducting slab accounting for a significant proportion of the heavier halogens in arc emissions. Analyses of Hg in Halema 'uma 'u's plume were inconclusive but suggest a flux of at least 0.6 kg day(-1) from this new vent, predominantly (>77%) as gaseous elemental mercury at the point of emission. Sulphate is an important aerosol component (modal particle diameter similar to 0.44 mu m). Aerosol halide ion concentrations are low compared to other systems, consistent with the lower proportion of gaseous hydrogen halides. Plume concentrations of many metallic elements (Rb, Cs, Be, B, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd, W, Re, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Pb, Mg, Sr, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Al, P, Ga, Th, U, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Tm) are elevated above background air. There is considerable variability in metal to SO2 ratios but our ratios (generally at the lower end of the range previously measured at Kilauea) support assertions that Kilauea's emissions are metal-poor compared to other volcanic settings. Our aerosol Re and Cd measurements are complementary to degassing trends observed in Hawaiian rock suites although measured aerosol metal/S ratios are about an order of magnitude lower than those calculated from degassing trends determined from glass chemistry. Plume enrichment factors with respect to Hawaiian lavas are in broad agreement with those from previous studies allowing similar element classification schemes to be followed (i.e., lithophile elements having lower volatility and chalcophile elements having higher volatility). The proportion of metal associated with the largest particle size mode collected (>2.5 mu m) and that bound to silicate is significantly higher for lithophiles than chalcophiles. Many metals show higher solubility in pH 7 buffer solution than deionised water suggesting that acidity is not the sole driver in terms of solubility. Nonetheless, many metals are largely water soluble when compared with the other sequential leachates suggesting that they are delivered to the environment in a bioavailable form. Preliminary analyses of environmental samples show that concentrations of metals are elevated in rainwater affected by the volcanic plume and even more so in fog. However, metal levels in grass samples showed no clear enrichment downwind of the active vents. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mather, T. A.; Witt, M. L. I.; Pyle, D. M.; Quayle, B. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Aiuppa, A.; Bagnato, E.] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento DiSTeM, I-90123 Palermo, Italy. [Aiuppa, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol Sez Palermo, Palermo, Italy. [Martin, R. S.; Edmonds, M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Martin, R. S.] Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London E1 4NS, England. [Martin, R. S.; Ilyinskaya, E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Sims, K. W. W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sutton, A. J.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Ilyinskaya, E.] Iceland Meteorol Off, IS-150 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Mather, TA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. EM tamsinm@earth.ox.ac.uk RI Aiuppa, Alessandro/C-6333-2012; Martin, Robert/A-3286-2012; Mather, Tamsin/A-7604-2011; Ilyinskaya, Evgenia/F-5364-2011; Pyle, David/C-5707-2009 OI Mather, Tamsin/0000-0003-4259-7303; Ilyinskaya, Evgenia/0000-0002-3663-9506; Pyle, David/0000-0002-2663-9940 FU NERC NCEO; Royal Society; UNE-SCO/L'Oreal UK; Ireland Women in Science Award; [NE/C511180/1/]; [NE/G001219/1]; [NE/G001537/1] FX The authors thank Jim Kauahikaua and the other staff at HVO and NPS who helped with the field campaign as well as the following field collaborators: John Catto, Matt Watson, Tjarda Roberts and Adam Durant and of course Maura Hanning and Mairin Sims. We thank Sergio Calabrese (Palermo) for help drafting figures. This work was funded by the NERC NCEO and grants NE/C511180/1/, NE/G001219/1 and NE/G001537/1. T. A. M. acknowledges further financial support from the Royal Society and a UNE-SCO/L'Oreal UK and Ireland Women in Science Award. K. W. W. S. acknowledges NSF-EAR, 063824101. The helpful reviews of Cindy Werner and Geoff Plumlee during USGS internal review and Christoph Kern, Jim Webster and an anonymous reviewer during the GCA reviewing process are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 123 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 83 BP 292 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.029 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 907YP UT WOS:000301456800020 ER PT J AU Johnson, CJ Aiken, JM McKenzie, D Samuel, MD Pedersen, JA AF Johnson, Chad J. Aiken, Judd M. McKenzie, Debbie Samuel, Michael D. Pedersen, Joel A. TI Highly Efficient Amplification of Chronic Wasting Disease Agent by Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification with Beads (PMCAb) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO AMPLIFICATION; WHITE-TAILED DEER; PRION PROTEIN; PRESYMPTOMATIC DETECTION; INFLUENCE SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTIOUS PRIONS; CWD PRIONS; POLYMORPHISMS; SCRAPIE; ELK AB Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) has emerged as an important technique for detecting low levels of pathogenic prion protein in biological samples. The method exploits the ability of the pathogenic prion protein to convert the normal prion protein to a proteinase K-resistant conformation. Inclusion of Teflon (R) beads in the PMCA reaction (PMCAb) has been previously shown to increase the sensitivity and robustness of detection for the 263 K and SSLOW strains of hamster-adapted prions. Here, we demonstrate that PMCAb with saponin dramatically increases the sensitivity of detection for chronic wasting disease (CWD) agent without compromising the specificity of the assay (i.e., no false positive results). Addition of Teflon (R) beads increased the robustness of the PMCA reaction, resulting in a decrease in the variability of PMCA results. Three rounds of serial PMCAb allowed detection of CWD agent from a 6.7 x 10(-13) dilution of 10% brain homogenate (1.3 fg of source brain). Titration of the same brain homogenate in transgenic mice expressing cervid prion protein (Tg(CerPrP)1536(+/-) mice) allowed detection of CWD agent from the 10(-6) dilution of 10% brain homogenate. PMCAb is, thus, more sensitive than bioassay in transgenic mice by a factor exceeding 10(5). Additionally, we are able to amplify CWD agent from brain tissue and lymph nodes of CWD-positive white-tailed deer having Prnp alleles associated with reduced disease susceptibility. C1 [Johnson, Chad J.; Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Johnson, Chad J.; Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Aiken, Judd M.; McKenzie, Debbie] Univ Alberta, Ctr Prions & Prot Misfolding Dis, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP Johnson, CJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM joelpedersen@wisc.edu RI McKenzie, Debbie/G-4459-2015 OI McKenzie, Debbie/0000-0002-9291-6977 FU NSF [DEB-0914484, CBET-0547484]; NIH [R01 NS060034] FX This work was supported by NSF grants DEB-0914484 (MDS) and CBET-0547484 (JAP), NIH grant R01 NS060034 (JMA/JAP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 13 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR e35383 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0035383 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UT UT WOS:000305341600143 PM 22514738 ER PT J AU Li, MJ Wang, TG Simoneit, BRT Shi, SB Zhang, LW Yang, FL AF Li, Meijun Wang, T. -G. Simoneit, Bernd R. T. Shi, Shengbao Zhang, Liwen Yang, Fulin TI Qualitative and quantitative analysis of dibenzothiophene, its methylated homologues, and benzonaphthothiophenes in crude oils, coal, and sediment extracts SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Methylated dibenzothiophenes; GC retention indices; Benzonaphthothiophenes; Quantitative analysis; Labeled internal standard ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; CHROMATOGRAPHIC RETENTION INDEXES; ORGANIC SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; ALKYLATED DIBENZOTHIOPHENES; SOURCE ROCKS; FILLING PATHWAY; MATURITY; HYDROCARBONS; INDICATORS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocyclics (PASHs) consist mainly of thiophene class compounds, and are the most important organosulfur compounds in crude oils and sediment extracts. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its methylated homologues were identified on mass chromatograms by comparison with retention indices published in the literature. Some isomers of dimethyldibenzothiophene and trimethyldibenzothiophene that were tentatively identified in previous reports have been determined here by comparison with calculated retention indices and taking the substitution pattern of the methyl groups into account. The response factors relating that of dibenzothiophene to internal standards were obtained by GC-MS analyses of mixture solutions with different concentration ratios. We concluded that DBT-d8 (octadeutero-dibenzothiophene) is the optimal internal standard for quantitative analyses of the thiophene compound class in oils, coal, and sediment extracts. Calibration experiments for each class of compounds are absolutely necessary when quantifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other heterocyclics with a stable isotope labeled internal standard. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Meijun; Wang, T. -G.; Shi, Shengbao; Zhang, Liwen; Yang, Fulin] China Univ Petr, Coll Geosci, State Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China. [Simoneit, Bernd R. T.] King Saud Univ, COGER, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Simoneit, Bernd R. T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Li, MJ (reprint author), USGS, Energy & Resources Sci Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM meijunli2008@hotmail.com RI SIMONEIT, BERND/A-2008-2013 FU Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40972089]; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting [PRPDX-200801] FX This research was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant No. 40972089), and the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting (Grant No. PRPDX-200801). This manuscript benefited greatly from discussions with Dr. Geoffrey S. Ellis at the Geological Survey of the United States. The authors are also grateful for comments on earlier version of this manuscript by two anonymous reviewers. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 13 PY 2012 VL 1233 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.086 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 924AO UT WOS:000302663000017 PM 22381885 ER PT J AU Allison, MA Demas, CR Ebersole, BA Kleiss, BA Little, CD Meselhe, EA Powell, NJ Pratt, TC Vosburg, BM AF Allison, Mead A. Demas, Charles R. Ebersole, Bruce A. Kleiss, Barbara A. Little, Charles D. Meselhe, Ehab A. Powell, Nancy J. Pratt, Thad C. Vosburg, Brian M. TI A water and sediment budget for the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River in flood years 2008-2010: Implications for sediment discharge to the oceans and coastal restoration in Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rivers; Surface water quality; Water resources; Particle-laden flows; Hydrologic cycles and budgets ID TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; HOLOCENE; FLUXES; DELTA; SHELF AB The Mississippi is the largest riverine system in North America and one of the most engineered rivers in the world. The challenges of studying the Mississippi River are due to its complex sediment-water dynamics and the multi (and often competing) uses for its resources. Flood control and navigation are primary factors that control how the river is managed. A third factor is the use of river resources, namely water and sediment, for nourishing the degrading coastal wetlands of the states of Louisiana and Mississippi. As such, these factors must be fully considered and coordinated while investigating and developing techniques to harness the sediment resources of the River for coastal restoration. This paper presents a detailed suspended sediment budget analysis for the lowermost Mississippi and Atchafalaya River systems for the flood years of 2008, 2009, and 2010. Data were derived mainly from Federal and State of Louisiana measurements of water discharge and suspended sediment load at (1) monitoring stations along the river channel and (2) boat-based measurements made during specific project studies at natural passes and man-made channel diversions. The present study was focused on flood years 2008-2010 to (1) minimize the influence on the budgets of a historical decline in sediment loads carried by the river as observed by previous investigators and (2) take advantage of recent improvements in the monitoring network. The results show that both the Mississippi and Atchafalaya distributary pathways were efficient at sequestering suspended sediments, particularly the larger (sand) size fraction. Approximately 44% of the total Mississippi + Red River suspended load (80% of the sand) reaching Old River Control structures split between the distributaries was sequestered upstream of the Gulf of Mexico by overbank storage and channel bed aggradation. Increases in bed aggradation in the Mississippi distributary are linked to a loss of stream power associated with man-made and natural exits upstream of the Gulf of Mexico. This further decreased the water and suspended sediment load reaching the deep water Gulf distributary exits in FY08-10 to 46% (water), 19% (total suspended load), and 1.4% (suspended sand). These patterns of sediment storage and delivery have major implications for channel dredging and river sediment diversions planned for Louisiana coastal restoration. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Allison, Mead A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Demas, Charles R.] US Geol Survey, Louisiana Water Sci Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. [Ebersole, Bruce A.; Little, Charles D.; Pratt, Thad C.] USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Kleiss, Barbara A.] USA, LCA Sci & Technol Off, Corps Engineers, Mississippi Valley Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Meselhe, Ehab A.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Civil Engn, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Powell, Nancy J.] USA, Corps Engineers, New Orleans, LA 70160 USA. [Vosburg, Brian M.] Louisiana Coastal Protect & Restorat Author, Baton Rouge, LA 70804 USA. RP Allison, MA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, 10100 Burnet Rd,R2200, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM mallison@mail.utexas.edu RI Allison, Mead/A-7208-2010 FU Federal-State, Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) FX Funding for this study was provided by the Federal-State, Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) Science & Technology Program. We wish to thank the many individuals who contributed data and expertise to the completion of this study. Particular thanks go to Will Veatch, Patrick O'Brien, Cherie Price, Jim Pahl, Steve Ayres, Ed Creef, and Richie McComas. This manuscript also benefited greatly from reviews by Art Horowitz and one anonymous reviewer. NR 56 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 7 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 11 PY 2012 VL 432 BP 84 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.02.020 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 927FT UT WOS:000302893200008 ER PT J AU Luttrell, K Sandwell, D AF Luttrell, Karen Sandwell, David TI Constraints on 3-D stress in the crust from support of mid-ocean ridge topography SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC TRANSFORM FAULTS; SEA-FLOOR; SPREADING RATE; PLATE BOUNDARY; FRACTURE-ZONES; LITHOSPHERE; BATHYMETRY; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; ISOSTASY AB The direction of crustal stresses acting at mid-ocean ridges is well characterized, but the magnitude of these stresses is poorly constrained. We present a method by which the absolute magnitude of these stresses may be constrained using seafloor topography and gravity. The topography is divided into a short-wavelength portion, created by rifting, magmatism, and transform faulting, and a long-wavelength portion associated with the cooling and subsidence of the oceanic lithosphere. The short-wavelength surface and Moho topography are used to calculate the spatially varying 3-D stress tensor in the crust by assuming that in creating this topography, the deviatoric stress reached the elastic-plastic limiting stress; the Moho topography is constrained by short-wavelength gravity variations. Under these assumptions, an incompressible elastic material gives the smallest plastic failure stress associated with this topography. This short-wavelength topographic stress generally predicts the wrong style of earthquake focal mechanisms at ridges and transform faults. However, the addition of an in-plane regional stress field is able to reconcile the combined crustal stress with both the ridge and transform focal mechanisms. By adjusting the magnitude of the regional stress, we determine a lower bound for in situ ridge-perpendicular extension of 25-40 MPa along the slow spreading mid-Atlantic ridge, 40-50 MPa along the ultra-slow spreading ridges in the western Indian Ocean, and 10-30 MPa along the fast spreading ridges of the southeastern Indian and Pacific Oceans. Furthermore, we constrain the magnitude of ridge-parallel extension to be between 4 and 8 MPa in the Atlantic Ocean, between -1 and 7 MPa in the western Indian Ocean, and between -1 and 3 MPa in the southeastern Indian and Pacific Oceans. These observations suggest that a deep transform valley is an essential feature of the ridge-transform spreading center. C1 [Luttrell, Karen; Sandwell, David] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Luttrell, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kluttrell@usgs.gov; dsandwell@ucsd.edu RI Luttrell, Karen/D-6772-2015; OI Sandwell, David/0000-0001-5657-8707 FU NASA; NSF [EAR0811772, OCE0825045] FX We thank Kaj Johnson and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program, by NSF EAR0811772, and partly by the NSF Marine Geology and Geophysics Program OCE0825045. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 10 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B04402 DI 10.1029/2011JB008765 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 926UQ UT WOS:000302857800001 ER PT J AU Jones, MC Grosse, G Jones, BM Anthony, KW AF Jones, Miriam C. Grosse, Guido Jones, Benjamin M. Anthony, Katey Walter TI Peat accumulation in drained thermokarst lake basins in continuous, ice-rich permafrost, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; BERING LAND-BRIDGE; THAW LAKES; EARLY HOLOCENE; PERIGLACIAL LANDSCAPE; THERMAL MAXIMUM; ORGANIC-CARBON; METHANE SOURCE; SOILS; DYNAMICS AB Thermokarst lakes and peat-accumulating drained lake basins cover a substantial portion of Arctic lowland landscapes, yet the role of thermokarst lake drainage and ensuing peat formation in landscape-scale carbon (C) budgets remains understudied. Here we use measurements of terrestrial peat thickness, bulk density, organic matter content, and basal radiocarbon age from permafrost cores, soil pits, and exposures in vegetated, drained lake basins to characterize regional lake drainage chronology, C accumulation rates, and the role of thermokarst-lake cycling in carbon dynamics throughout the Holocene on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Most detectable lake drainage events occurred within the last 4,000 years with the highest drainage frequency during the medieval climate anomaly. Peat accumulation rates were highest in young (50-500 years) drained lake basins (35.2 g C m(-2) yr(-1)) and decreased exponentially with time since drainage to 9 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in the oldest basins. Spatial analyses of terrestrial peat depth, basal peat radiocarbon ages, basin geomorphology, and satellite-derived land surface properties (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF)) from Landsat satellite data revealed significant relationships between peat thickness and mean basin NDVI or MNF. By upscaling observed relationships, we infer that drained thermokarst lake basins, covering 391 km(2) (76%) of the 515 km(2) study region, store 6.4-6.6 Tg organic C in drained lake basin terrestrial peat. Peat accumulation in drained lake basins likely serves to offset greenhouse gas release from thermokarst-impacted landscapes and should be incorporated in landscape-scale C budgets. C1 [Jones, Miriam C.; Anthony, Katey Walter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Grosse, Guido; Jones, Benjamin M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Jones, MC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Duckering Bldg 437,306 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mcjones4@alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU NASA Carbon Cycle Sciences [NNX08AJ37G]; NSF OPP [0732735] FX We acknowledge support from NASA Carbon Cycle Sciences grant NNX08AJ37G and NSF OPP grant 0732735. Field support was provided by staff of the CPS Fairbanks Office. We thank Lawrence Plug, Peter Anthony, Mike LaDouceur, and Melissa Smith for field assistance and Louise Farquharson for help with laboratory analyses. We thank the National Park Service Fairbanks Office for permits to do fieldwork in the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve. The SPOT image was provided through the SPOT Planet Action program. Permafrost cores were photographed and logged at the Limnological Research Center, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities. We thank the two anonymous reviewers and editor for providing helpful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD APR 7 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G00M07 DI 10.1029/2011JG001766 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 922EK UT WOS:000302529400001 ER PT J AU Seiler, R AF Seiler, Ralph TI Physical setting and natural sources of exposure to carcinogenic trace elements and radionuclides in Lahontan Valley, Nevada SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Drinking water; Arsenic; Tungsten; Polonium-210 ID CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; DRINKING-WATER; CARSON DESERT; GROUND-WATER; RADIOACTIVITY; RADON AB In Lahontan Valley, Nevada, arsenic, cobalt, tungsten, uranium, radon, and polonium-210 are carcinogens that occur naturally in sediments and groundwater. Arsenic and cobalt are principally derived from erosion of volcanic rocks in the local mountains and tungsten and uranium are derived from erosion of granitic rocks in headwater reaches of the Carson River. Radon and Po-210 originate from radioactive decay of uranium in the sediments. Arsenic, aluminum, cobalt, iron, and manganese concentrations in household dust suggest it is derived from the local soils. Excess zinc and chromium in the dust are probably derived from the vacuum cleaner used to collect the dust, or household sources such as the furnace. Some samples have more than 5 times more cobalt in the dust than in the local soil, but whether the source of the excess cobalt is anthropogenic or natural cannot be determined with the available data. Cobalt concentrations are low in groundwater, but arsenic, uranium, radon, and Po-210 concentrations often exceed human-health standards, and sometime greatly exceed them. Exposure to radon and its decay products in drinking water can vary significantly depending on when during the day that the water is consumed. Although the data suggests there have been no long term changes in groundwater chemistry that corresponds to the Lahontan Valley leukemia cluster, the occurrence of the very unusual leukemia cluster in an area with numerous Po-210 and arsenic contaminated wells is striking, particularly in conjunction with the exceptionally high levels of urinary tungsten in Lahontan Valley residents. Additional research is needed on potential exposure pathways involving food or inhalation, and on synergistic effects of mixtures of these natural contaminants on susceptibility to development of leukemia. (C) Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Seiler, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM rseiler@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD APR 5 PY 2012 VL 196 IS 3 SI SI BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.04.004 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 941EJ UT WOS:000303946200005 PM 21536017 ER PT J AU Zug, GR Fisher, RN AF Zug, George R. Fisher, Robert N. TI A preliminary assessment of the Nactus pelagicus species group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in New Guinea and a new species from the Admiralty Islands SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Nactus pelagicus group; New Guinea; Admiralty Islands; morphology; geographic variation; new species ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GENUS NACTUS; POPULATIONS; LACERTILIA; COMPLEX; GECKOS AB The Slender-toed Geckos (Nactus) currently have four recognized species in New Guinea, and these species divide into two sister clades: a pelagicus clade and a vankampeni clade (Heinicke et al. 2010). The latter contains three dwarf species. The former consists of five bisexual populations, of which numerous New Guinea populations are uncharacterized nomenclaturally and lumped under the epithet 'pelagicus.' This report and description of a new species of the pelagicus group from Manus Island in the Admiralty Islands encourages us to offer a preliminary assessment of morphology and diversity in New Guinea 'pelagicus' populations. C1 [Zug, George R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Zug, GR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM zugg@si.edu; rfisher@usgs.gov FU SERDP; Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Program; NMNH FX Our research into the biology and evolution of Pacific lizards has received support from several sources: SERDP to RNF and the Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Program and NMNH-Research Opportunities Fund to GRZ. We thank these organization and their representatives for enabling our biodiversity research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply an endorsement by the US Government. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 4 PY 2012 IS 3257 BP 22 EP 37 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 939PM UT WOS:000303824700002 ER PT J AU Lu, YH Liu, SG Fu, BJ AF Lu, Yihe Liu, Shuguang Fu, Bojie TI Ecosystem Service: From Virtual Reality to Ground Truth (vol 46, pg 2492, 2012) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Lu, Yihe; Fu, Bojie] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Lu, YH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, POB 934, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM lyh@rcees.ac.cn RI Fu, Bojie/B-1493-2009 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 3 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 7 BP 4255 EP 4255 DI 10.1021/es300911q PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926SC UT WOS:000302850400089 ER PT J AU Buscombe, D Rubin, DM AF Buscombe, D. Rubin, D. M. TI Advances in the simulation and automated measurement of well-sorted granular material: 1. Simulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE MEASUREMENTS; DIGITAL IMAGES; PARTICLE-SHAPE; THIN-SECTIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; VORONOI; SEDIMENT; TESSELLATIONS; TRANSPORT; MEDIA AB In this, the first of a pair of papers which address the simulation and automated measurement of well-sorted natural granular material, a method is presented for simulation of two-phase (solid, void) assemblages of discrete non-cohesive particles. The purpose is to have a flexible, yet computationally and theoretically simple, suite of tools with well constrained and well known statistical properties, in order to simulate realistic granular material as a discrete element model with realistic size and shape distributions, for a variety of purposes. The stochastic modeling framework is based on three-dimensional tessellations with variable degrees of order in particle-packing arrangement. Examples of sediments with a variety of particle size distributions and spatial variability in grain size are presented. The relationship between particle shape and porosity conforms to published data. The immediate application is testing new algorithms for automated measurements of particle properties (mean and standard deviation of particle sizes, and apparent porosity) from images of natural sediment, as detailed in the second of this pair of papers. The model could also prove useful for simulating specific depositional structures found in natural sediments, the result of physical alterations to packing and grain fabric, using discrete particle flow models. While the principal focus here is on naturally occurring sediment and sedimentary rock, the methods presented might also be useful for simulations of similar granular or cellular material encountered in engineering, industrial and life sciences. C1 [Buscombe, D.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Rubin, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Buscombe, D (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. EM daniel.buscombe@plymouth.ac.uk; drubin@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F02001 DI 10.1029/2011JF001974 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 922EN UT WOS:000302529700001 ER PT J AU Buscombe, D Rubin, DM AF Buscombe, D. Rubin, D. M. TI Advances in the simulation and automated measurement of well-sorted granular material: 2. Direct measures of particle properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID DETERMINING GRAIN-SIZE; DIGITAL IMAGES; AUTORUN ANALYSIS; SEDIMENT; TRANSFORMATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; STATISTICS; PARAMETERS; MEDIA; SAND AB In this, the second of a pair of papers on the structure of well-sorted natural granular material (sediment), new methods are described for automated measurements from images of sediment, of: 1) particle-size standard deviation (arithmetic sorting) with and without apparent void fraction; and 2) mean particle size in material with void fraction. A variety of simulations of granular material are used for testing purposes, in addition to images of natural sediment. Simulations are also used to establish that the effects on automated particle sizing of grains visible through the interstices of the grains at the very surface of a granular material continue to a depth of approximately 4 grain diameters and that this is independent of mean particle size. Ensemble root-mean squared error between observed and estimated arithmetic sorting coefficients for 262 images of natural silts, sands and gravels (drawn from 8 populations) is 31%, which reduces to 27% if adjusted for bias (slope correction between observed and estimated values). These methods allow non-intrusive and fully automated measurements of surfaces of unconsolidated granular material. With no tunable parameters or empirically derived coefficients, they should be broadly universal in appropriate applications. However, empirical corrections may need to be applied for the most accurate results. Finally, analytical formulas are derived for the one-step pore-particle transition probability matrix, estimated from the image's autocorrelogram, from which void fraction of a section of granular material can be estimated directly. This model gives excellent predictions of bulk void fraction yet imperfect predictions of pore-particle transitions. C1 [Buscombe, D.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Rubin, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Buscombe, D (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. EM daniel.buscombe@plymouth.ac.uk; drubin@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F02002 DI 10.1029/2011JF001975 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 922EN UT WOS:000302529700002 ER PT J AU Page, P Barnes, SJ Bedard, JH Zientek, ML AF Page, Philippe Barnes, Sarah-Jane Bedard, Jean H. Zientek, Michael L. TI In situ determination of Os, Ir, and Ru in chromites formed from komatiite, tholeiite and boninite magmas: Implications for chromite control of Os, Ir and Ru during partial melting and crystal fractionation SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Platinum Symposium on PGE in the 21st Century - Innovations in Understanding their Origins and Applications to Mineral Exploration and Beneficiation/Geochemistry of Chalcophile and Siderophile Elements (CSE) Session CY JUN 21-24, 2010 CL Sudbury, CANADA SP Laurentian Univ, Mineral Explorat Res ctr (MERC), Ontario Geolog Survey (OGS), QuadraFNX, Stillwater Min Co, Sudbury Geolog Discuss Grp (SGDG), Marathon PGM Corp, Mineralog Assoc Canada, Soc Geol Appl Mineral Deposits, Greater Grand Sudbury, Xstrata Nickel, Mineral Deposits Div Geolog Assoc Canada, Soc Econom Geol DE IPGE; Chromite; Mass balance calculation; Partition coefficients; Platinum-group minerals ID PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS; THETFORD MINES OPHIOLITE; STILLWATER-COMPLEX; GROUP MINERALS; SILICATE MELT; NOBLE-METALS; UPPER MANTLE; SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS; LAYERED INTRUSIONS; BUSHVELD COMPLEX AB Osmium, Ir and Ru behave as compatible elements during partial melting and crystal fractionation, whilst Pt, Pd and Rh behave as incompatible elements. This produces a fractionation of the platinum-group elements (PGE). There is a debate as to which mineral or minerals control Os, Ir and Ru (referred collectively as the Ir platinum-group elements, IPGE). Chromite appears to have an important role in concentrating these elements, because chromite-rich cumulates from mantle and crustal settings tend to be enriched in IPGE and in basalts and komatiites there is a positive correlation between Cr and IPGE. Broadly speaking there are two mechanisms that have been suggested whereby chromite could concentrate IPGE: i) these elements could partition into the chromite and be present in solid solution; ii) these elements could also have a very low solubility in mafic magmas and crystallise as IPGE-rich minerals together with chromite. In order to investigate whether IPGE are present in solid solution in chromite and whether minerals other than chromite are important in controlling the IPGE we have determined the IPGE content of chromites from a range of geological settings. As representatives of chromites formed from primary magmas, chromites from two boninites, a komatiite and an ocean island tholeiite were analysed. As representatives of cumulate chromites, chromites from the Stillwater Complex and as representative of chromites formed under mantle conditions, chromites from the Thetford Mines Ophiolite were analysed. These analyses were combined with whole-rock and microprobe analyses to consider the control of chromite on the IPGE. In the komatiite, IPGE spectra are homogeneous across the chromite grains and IPGE appear to have partitioned into the chromite. Mass balance calculations show that all of the Ru and 15-18% of the Os and Ir are present in the chromite. The calculated partition coefficients for the IPGE into the chromite from the komatiitic melt are D-Os(Chr/kom) = 8.3, D-Ir(Chr/kom) = 9.5, and D-Ru(Chr/kom) = 79. For all of the other chromites, IPGE concentrations were less than the detection limits and mass balance calculations indicate that chromite controls less than 25% of the whole-rock Os budget, less than 10% of the whole-rock Ir budget, and less than 20% of the whole-rock Ru budget. Small IPGE mineral inclusions were observed in chromites from the ophiolite and the layered intrusion and presumably these control the IPGE in most: of the rock types we analysed. Thus, in our study both mechanisms that have been proposed for the association of chromite and IPGE appear to be viable. However, except for Ru in the komatiite, chromite is not the dominant mineral controlling these elements and IPGE minerals are probably the main controlling phases. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Page, Philippe; Barnes, Sarah-Jane] UQAC, Canadian Res Chair Magmat Metallogeny Sci Terre, Saguenay, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. [Bedard, Jean H.] Geol Survey Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Zientek, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA USA. RP Page, P (reprint author), UQAC, Canadian Res Chair Magmat Metallogeny Sci Terre, 555 Bld Univ, Saguenay, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. EM Philippe_Page@uqac.ca RI Barnes, S-J/I-5579-2012 NR 113 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 2 PY 2012 VL 302 SI SI BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.06.006 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 926LR UT WOS:000302833000002 ER PT J AU Zettler, JA Zettler, LW Richardson, LW AF Zettler, Jennifer A. Zettler, Lawrence W. Richardson, Larry W. TI Pestiferous Scale Insects on Native Epiphytic Orchids in South Florida: A New Threat Posed by Introduced Species SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID US AGRICULTURE; UNITED-STATES; ANTS; HEMIPTERA AB Scale insects belong to the superfamily Coccoidea, which includes serious plant pests such as soft scales, armored scales, and mealybugs. In 2009, in a natural habitat surrounded by urban development in Naples, FL, pestiferous scale insects (Coccidae) and mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) were discovered on inflorescences of Dendrophylax lindenii (Ghost Orchid). The next year, a follow-up survey was initiated to also include plants in two orchid-rich habitats within the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge. There, exotic scales were found on six different epiphytic orchid taxa. Of the scales encountered, Coccus hesperidum (Brown Soft Scale) and Diaspis boisduvalii (Boisduval Scale) are both well-known and serious pests of cultivated plants. Of particular concern is the possibility that these invasive insects have thoroughly infiltrated isolated, natural habitats of rare native orchids. C1 [Zettler, Jennifer A.] Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Dept Biol, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. [Zettler, Lawrence W.] Illinois Coll, Dept Biol, Orchid Recovery Program, Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA. [Richardson, Larry W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther Natl Wildlife Refuge, Naples, FL 34114 USA. RP Zettler, JA (reprint author), Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Dept Biol, 11935 Abercorn St, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. EM jennifer.zettler@armstrong.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD APR PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1656/058.011.0112 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 982AB UT WOS:000307013000013 ER PT J AU DeSa, MA Zweig, CL Percival, HF Kitchens, WM Kasbohm, JW AF DeSa, Melissa A. Zweig, Christa L. Percival, H. Franklin Kitchens, Wiley M. Kasbohm, John W. TI Comparison of Small-Mammal Sampling Techniques in Tidal Salt Marshes of the Central Gulf Coast of Florida SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SHERMAN LIVE TRAPS; DENSITIES; ABUNDANCE; CAPTURES; ECOLOGY; HAIR AB Use of traditional small-mammal sampling techniques is challenging in coastal salt marshes and forests. Various conditions particular to this type of environment affect the efficacy of sampling efforts. We compared various indirect (no physical capture) and direct (physical capture) techniques coupled with different baits to determine an effective method for sampling small mammals. In 1440 trap-nights, Sherman live traps caught significantly more rodents than Fitch traps (112 versus 16 respectively, Fisher's exact test: P = 0.0103), but the relationship between bait types, which included oats, scratch feed, sunflower seeds and suet, was not as apparent. However, for practical reasons, scratch feed and sunflower seeds were best used in marsh conditions due to their water resistance and ease in clean-up. Both track and scat plates were unsuccessful due to water damage and destruction by nontarget animals. Cameras yielded limited success. Target small mammals were photographed 436 times, but of those, only 26 could be positively identified to species. However, with adjustments including improved lens quality and adjustable focus distance, this could become a useful tool for small-mammal sampling. Such improved remote cameras could offer a viable alternative when permits cannot be issued, field access is limited, or there are concerns about mortality of the target species. C1 [DeSa, Melissa A.; Zweig, Christa L.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Percival, H. Franklin; Kitchens, Wiley M.] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kasbohm, John W.] Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. RP Zweig, CL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 110485,Bldg 810, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM czweig@ufl.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 48 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD APR PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP G17 EP G28 DI 10.1656/058.011.0118 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 982AB UT WOS:000307013000002 ER PT J AU Simek, JF Blankenship, SA Cressler, A Douglas, JC Wallace, A Weinand, D Welborn, H AF Simek, Jan F. Blankenship, Sarah A. Cressler, Alan Douglas, Joseph C. Wallace, Amy Weinand, Daniel Welborn, Heather TI THE PREHISTORIC CAVE ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF DUNBAR CAVE, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, TENNESSEE SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Article AB Dunbar Cave in Montgomery County, Tennessee has been used by people in a great variety of ways. This paper reports on prehistoric uses of the cave, which were quite varied. The vestibule of the cave, which is today protected by a concrete slab installed during the cave's days as an historic tourist showplace, saw extensive and very long term occupation. Diagnostic artifacts span the period from Late Paleo-Indian (ca.10,000-years ago) to the Mississippian, and include Archaic (10,000 to 3,000-years ago) and Woodland (3,000-1,000-years ago) cultural materials. These include a paleoindian Beaver Lake Point, Kirk cluster points, Little River types, Ledbetter types, numerous straight-stemmed point types, Hamilton and Madison projectile points. Woodland period ceramics comprise various limestone tempered forms, all in low quantities, and cord-marked limestone tempered wares in the uppermost Woodland layers. Shell-tempered ceramics bear witness to a rich Mississippian presence at the top of the deposit. Given this chronological span, the Dunbar Cave sequence is as complete as any in eastern North America. However, problems with previous excavation strategies make much of the existing archaeological record difficult to interpret. We present a new series of radiocarbon age determinations that show both the great time depth of the vestibule deposits and the problems with their integrity. There was also extensive prehistoric use of Dunbar Cave's dark zone, including mineral extraction, and ritual interment of the dead. Most importantly, thirty-five petroglyphs and pictographs were made on the cave walls, most probably during the Mississippian period. These include geometric shapes, abstract compositions, and human figures including a mythological hero warrior known from other examples of Mississippian iconography. Dunbar may also have seen ritual visitation very early, i.e., during the Archaic period (ca. 5,000-years ago), entailing the placement of offerings in the cave's interior waters. C1 [Simek, Jan F.; Blankenship, Sarah A.; Weinand, Daniel; Welborn, Heather] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cressler, Alan] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Douglas, Joseph C.] Volunteer State Community Coll, Gallatin, TN 37066 USA. [Wallace, Amy] Dunbar Cave State Nat Area, Clarksville, TN 37043 USA. RP Simek, JF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jsimek@utk.edu FU National Science Foundation; University of Tennessee FX The authors thank the staff of Dunbar Cave State Natural Area, especially Superintendent Bob Wells. The Friends of Dunbar Cave and the entire community of Clarksville have been very supportive of archaeological research at the cave. Jerry Clark, who discovered several of the glyphs, and Ronnie Hunter deserve special thanks. Sarah C. Sherwood (Sewanee, the University of the South) helped us during the 2007 test excavations and advised Heather Welborn on her stratigraphic research in the site. Tennessee State Archaeologists Nick Fielder and Mike Moore provided us permits to do the work, and made the 1977-78 collections available to us. Bill Lawrence and John Froeschauer, archaeologists with the Tennessee State Parks, continue their great support. Stuart Carroll helped us in the gating project and was, as always, instrumental in sustaining general morale. Patty Jo Watson made substantive improvements to the presentation and greatly improved the clarity in her review of this paper; a second anonymous reviewer was also helpful. Funding for the research described here came from the National Science Foundation, the University of Tennessee, and anonymous donors to the UT Cave Archaeology Research Team. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD APR PY 2012 VL 74 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.4311/2011AN0219 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 980GH UT WOS:000306881100003 ER PT J AU Cushing, GE AF Cushing, Glen E. TI CANDIDATE CAVE ENTRANCES ON MARS SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Article ID WATER ICE CLOUDS; LAVA FLOWS; THARSIS REGION; EMPLACEMENT; PAHOEHOE; VOLCANOS; MISSION; SYSTEM; HAWAII; THEMIS AB This paper presents newly discovered candidate cave entrances into Martian near-surface lava tubes, volcano-tectonic fracture systems, and pit craters and describes their characteristics and exploration possibilities. These candidates are all collapse features that occur either intermittently along laterally continuous trench-like depressions or in the floors of sheer-walled atypical pit craters. As viewed from orbit, locations of most candidates are visibly consistent with known terrestrial features such as tube-fed lava flows, volcano-tectonic fractures, and pit craters, each of which forms by mechanisms that can produce caves. Although we cannot determine subsurface extents of the Martian features discussed here, some may continue unimpeded for many kilometers if terrestrial examples are indeed analogous. The features presented here were identified in images acquired by the Mars Odyssey's Thermal Emission Imaging System visible-wavelength camera, and by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's Context Camera. Select candidates have since been targeted by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment. Martian caves are promising potential sites for future human habitation and astrobiology investigations; understanding their characteristics is critical for long-term mission planning and for developing the necessary exploration technologies. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Cushing, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM gcushing@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 EI 2331-3714 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD APR PY 2012 VL 74 IS 1 BP 33 EP 47 DI 10.4311/2010EX0167R PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 980GH UT WOS:000306881100004 ER PT J AU Parker, AD Cooper, MJ Ruetz, CR Coulter, DP Uzarski, DG AF Parker, Aaron D. Cooper, Matthew J. Ruetz, Carl R., III Coulter, David P. Uzarski, Donald G. TI Chemical and physical factors associated with yellow perch abundance in Great Lakes coastal wetlands: patterns within and among wetland types SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coastal fringing; Drowned river mouth; Great Lakes; Perca flavescens; Wetlands; Yellow perch ID MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SAGINAW BAY; HABITAT USE; GREEN BAY; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LARVAL FISH; MICHIGAN; VEGETATION; FLAVESCENS AB Great Lakes coastal wetlands provide important spawning and nursery habitat as well as abundant food resources for yellow perch (Perca flavescens). We examined multiple years of fyke-net data from wetlands along Lakes Huron and Michigan to describe yellow perch distribution in drowned river mouth (DRM) and coastal fringing systems. Principal components analysis and multi-response permutation procedures indicated that DRM wetlands (yellow perch CPUE = 0.2) were eutrophic systems that often exhibit high temperatures and periods of hypoxia, whereas coastal fringing wetlands (yellow perch CPUE = 32.1) were less productive. Among the coastal fringing systems, Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), displayed characteristics of being more productive and had more yellow perch. Most yellow perch captured in Saginaw Bay were age-0, suggesting that it was an important nursery habitat. Among DRM ecosystems, we found that the downstream lake macrohabitats contained more yellow perch than upstream wetlands; however, there was no significant difference in abiotic characteristics to explain the higher catches in lakes. We hypothesize that yellow perch were more prevalent in wetlands with intermediate productivity during summer because these systems provide abundant food resources without the harsh conditions associated with highly eutrophic wetlands. C1 [Parker, Aaron D.; Cooper, Matthew J.; Ruetz, Carl R., III] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Cooper, Matthew J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Coulter, David P.; Uzarski, Donald G.] Cent Michigan Univ, CMU Biol Stn, Inst Great Lakes Res, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Coulter, David P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Parker, AD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carterville Fishery Resources Off, 9053 Route 148, Marion, IL 62959 USA. EM aaron_parker@fws.gov FU Great Lakes Commission; Great Lakes Protection Fund; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Grand Valley State University's Annis Water Resources Institute FX Funding for the various studies that generated this dataset came from the Great Lakes Commission, Great Lakes Protection Fund, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. ADP was funded by a research assistantship from Grand Valley State University's Annis Water Resources Institute. Dr. Thomas Burton provided valuable guidance and insight on this research. We thank members of the Burton, Ruetz, and Uzarski labs for assistance with fish sampling and chemical analysis. Kevin Wyatt and two anonymous reviewers offered valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD APR PY 2012 VL 20 IS 2 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s11273-012-9250-x PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 970ME UT WOS:000306133200006 ER PT J AU Marushia, RG Brooks, ML Holt, JS AF Marushia, Robin G. Brooks, Matthew L. Holt, Jodie S. TI Phenology, Growth, and Fecundity as Determinants of Distribution in Closely Related Nonnative Taxa SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Annual; desert; forb; invasion; mustard; exotic; drought; climate ID MOJAVE-DESERT; PLANT INVASIONS; GERMINATION; SUCCESS; DIVERSITY; DOMINANCE; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; NICHE AB Invasive species researchers often ask: Why do some species invade certain habitats while others do not? Ecological theories predict that taxonomically related species may invade similar habitats, but some related species exhibit contrasting invasion patterns. Brassica nigra, Brassica tournefortii, and Hirschfeldia incana are dominant, closely related nonnative species that have overlapping, but dissimilar, distributions. Brassica tournefortii is rapidly spreading in warm deserts of the southwestern United States, whereas B. nigra and H incana are primarily limited to semiarid and mesic regions. We compared traits of B. tournefortii that might confer invasiveness in deserts with those of related species that have not invaded desert ecosystems. Brassica tournefortii, B. nigra and H incana were compared in controlled experiments conducted outdoors in a mesic site (Riverside, CA) and a desert site (Blue Diamond, NV), and in greenhouses, over 3 yr. Desert and mesic B. tournefortii populations were also compared to determine whether locally adapted ecotypes contribute to desert invasion. Experimental variables included common garden sites and soil water availability. Response variables included emergence, growth, phenology, and reproduction. There was no evidence for B. tournefortii ecotypes, but B. tournefortii had a more rapid phenology than B. nigra or H. incana. Brassica tournefortii was less affected by site and water availability than B. nigra and H incana, but was smaller and less fecund regardless of experimental conditions. Rapid phenology allows B. tournefortii to reproduce consistently under variable, stressful conditions such as those found in Southwestern deserts. Although more successful in milder, mesic ecosystems, B. nigra and H. incana may be limited by their ability to reproduce under desert conditions. Rapid phenology and drought response partition invasion patterns of nonnative mustards along a gradient of aridity in the southwestern United States, and may serve as a predictive trait for other potential invaders of arid and highly variable ecosystems. C1 [Marushia, Robin G.; Holt, Jodie S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Marushia, RG (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Biol Sci, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. EM rmarushia@utsc.utoronto.ca FU University of California; University of California, Exotic/Invasive Pests and Diseases Research Program; University of California, Riverside, Botany and Plant Sciences Department; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Invasive Species Program FX Following for funding this work was provided by University of California, Exotic/Invasive Pests and Diseases Research Program, University of California, Riverside, Botany and Plant Sciences Department and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Invasive Species Program. Also, much thanks to Melissa Trader and Julie Proctor, and to several Holt lab members who invested many hours in this research. Finally, thanks to several USGS and journal reviewers for valuable comments and improvements to the manuscript. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 43 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD APR-JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00074.1 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 967AZ UT WOS:000305879800009 ER PT J AU Sohl, TL Sohl, LB AF Sohl, Terry L. Sohl, Lauri B. TI LAND-USE CHANGE IN THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PINE BARRENS ECOREGION SO GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE change; land cover; land use; pine barrens; trends ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; NEW-JERSEY PINELANDS; FOREST TRANSITION; COVER CHANGE; MASSACHUSETTS; LANDSCAPE; RESERVE; FIRE; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT AB . Information on the rates, characteristics, and drivers of land-use change are vital for addressing the impacts and feedbacks of change on environmental processes. The U.S. Geological Survey's Land Cover Trends project is conducting a consistent, national analysis of the rates, causes, and consequences of land-use change. In this article we assess change in the Atlantic Coastal Pine Barrens ecoregion from 1973 to 2000. Urban lands expanded by more than 900 square kilometers during the study period. Land-use change in the ecoregion followed the tenets of Forest Transition Theory (ftt) prior to the study period, but forest lands experienced consistent declines from 1973 to 2000. Increasing government regulation during the study period, consistent with concept of the Quiet Revolution (qr), mitigated forest loss during the latter half of the study period. Generalized theories, including ftt and the qr, are valuable, but local and regional determinants of comparative land rents ultimately drive land-use change at this scale. C1 [Sohl, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Observat Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Sohl, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Observat Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sohl@usgs.gov; lsohl@siouxfalls.org OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 NR 56 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0016-7428 J9 GEOGR REV JI Geogr. Rev. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 180 EP 201 DI 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2012.00142.x PG 22 WC Geography SC Geography GA 952SL UT WOS:000304812500003 ER PT J AU Williams, I Guzzetti, BM Gust, JR Sage, GK Gill, RE Tibbitts, TL Sonsthagen, SA Talbot, SL AF Williams, I. Guzzetti, B. M. Gust, J. R. Sage, G. K. Gill, R. E., Jr. Tibbitts, T. L. Sonsthagen, S. A. Talbot, S. L. TI Polymorphic microsatellite loci identified through development and cross-species amplification within shorebirds SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite loci; Black Oystercatcher; Bristle-thighed Curlew; Cross-species amplification; Charadriidae; Haematopodidae; Scolopacidae ID MARKERS; DNA; POPULATIONS; BIRDS AB We developed microsatellite loci for demographic assessments of shorebirds, a group with limited markers. First, we isolated five dinucleotide repeat microsatellite loci from the Black Oystercatcher (Haematopodidae: Haematopus bachmani), and three from the Bristle-thighed Curlew (Scolopacidae: Numenius tahitiensis); both species are of conservation concern. All eight loci were polymorphic in their respective target species. Hba mu loci were characterized by two to three alleles with observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.07 to 0.33, and two to nine alleles were detected for Nut loci with observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.08 to 0.72. No linkage disequilibrium or departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed. The eight loci were also tested for cross-species amplification in 12 other species within Charadriidae and Scolopacidae, and the results demonstrated transferability across several genera. We further tested all 14 species at 12 additional microsatellite markers developed for other shorebirds: Dunlin (Calidris alpina; four loci) and Ruff (Philomachus pugnax; eight loci). Two markers (Hba mu 4 and Ruff6) were polymorphic in 13 species, while two (Calp6 and Ruff9) were monomorphic. The remaining eight markers revealed polymorphism in one to nine species each. Our results provide further evidence that locus Ruff10 is sex-linked, contrary to the initial description. These markers can be used to enhance our understanding of shorebird biology by, for example, helping to determine migratory connectivity among breeding and wintering populations and detecting relatedness among individuals. C1 [Williams, I.; Guzzetti, B. M.; Gust, J. R.; Sage, G. K.; Gill, R. E., Jr.; Tibbitts, T. L.; Sonsthagen, S. A.; Talbot, S. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Talbot, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM stalbot@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center FX This assessment was funded by the US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Blood or extracted DNA samples were provided by the following individuals: Julie Morse, Jim Johnson, Dan Ruthrauff, Diane Tracy, Pavel Tomkovich, Ty Donnelly, Sarah McCloskey, Jesse Conklin, Maks Dementyev, Oscar Johnson, Roger Goodwill, Andrea Bruner, Patricia Johnson, Roger Gold, Ruth Utzurrum, and Joshua Seamon. We thank K. Amstrup for laboratory assistance and an anonymous reviewer for comments on an earlier draft. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 153 IS 2 BP 593 EP 601 DI 10.1007/s10336-011-0811-1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 951QI UT WOS:000304734700037 ER PT J AU Robinson, SJ Samuel, MD O'Rourke, KI Johnson, CJ AF Robinson, Stacie J. Samuel, Michael D. O'Rourke, Katherine I. Johnson, Chad J. TI The role of genetics in chronic wasting disease of North American cervids SO PRION LA English DT Review DE cervids; chronic wasting disease; disease progression; susceptibility; prion disease; prion protein gene (Prnp) ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; RANGING MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; INFLUENCE SUSCEPTIBILITY; ORAL-TRANSMISSION; SPECIES BARRIERS AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a major concern for the management of North American cervid populations. This fatal prion disease has led to declines in populations which have high CWD prevalence and areas with both high and low infection rates have experienced economic losses in wildlife recreation and fears of potential spill-over into livestock or humans. Research from human and veterinary medicine has established that the prion protein gene (Prnp) encodes the protein responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Polymorphisms in the Prnp gene can lead to different prion forms that moderate individual susceptibility to and progression of TSE infection. Prnp genes have been sequenced in a number of cervid species including those currently infected by CWD (elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer, moose) and those for which susceptibility is not yet determined (caribou, fallow deer, sika deer). Over thousands of sequences examined, the Prnp gene is remarkably conserved within the family Cervidae; only 16 amino acid polymorphisms have been reported within the 256 amino acid open reading frame in the third exon of the Prnp gene. Some of these polymorphisms have been associated with lower rates of CWD infection and slower progression of clinical CWD. Here we review the body of research on Prnp genetics of North American cervids. Specifically, we focus on known polymorphisms in the Prnp gene, observed genotypic differences in CWD infection rates and clinical progression, mechanisms for genetic TSE resistance related to both the cervid host and the prion agent and potential for natural selection for CWD-resistance. We also identify gaps in our knowledge that require future research. C1 [Robinson, Stacie J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. [O'Rourke, Katherine I.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Johnson, Chad J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Robinson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53715 USA. EM stacie.j.robinson@gmail.com FU USGS FX We thank the USGS for funding supporting this work. Thanks to Sally Madsen-Bouterse for helpful comments on early drafts of this manuscript. Note that any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 86 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 60 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 J9 PRION JI Prion PD APR-JUN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 2 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.4161/pri.19640 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 948SW UT WOS:000304523900010 PM 22460693 ER PT J AU Baker, BW Reinholz, AD Espinoza, EO AF Baker, Barry W. Reinholz, Andrew D. Espinoza, Edgard O. TI Digital near-infrared photography as a tool in forensic snake skin identification SO HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CITES enforcement; digital photography; near-infrared (NIR) imaging; snake leather identification; wildlife trade ID ALTERNATE LIGHT-SOURCE; PYTHONS AB This project demonstrates that near-infrared (NIR) imaging with an alternate light source (ALS) and digital photography are useful tools for revealing and documenting original dorsal skin patterns found on dyed snake leather products in the wildlife trade. We used an Omnichrome Spectrum 9000+ ALS at NIR wavelengths of 700 nm to reveal dorsal patterns on a tanned and dyed reticulated python skin (Python reticulatus) submitted for forensic analysis. Under NIR imaging, this pattern was easily photographed using a Fujifilm Finepix IS-Pro digital camera designed specifically for forensic ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) photography. These methods have great potential for species identification based on highly modified animal products (such as dyed snake leather), thus contributing to CITES enforcement efforts. C1 [Baker, Barry W.; Reinholz, Andrew D.; Espinoza, Edgard O.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Baker, BW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, 1490 E Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM barry_baker@fws.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRITISH HERPETOL SOC PI LONDON PA C/O ZOOL SOC LONDON REGENTS PARK, LONDON NW1 4RY, ENGLAND SN 0268-0130 J9 HERPETOL J JI Herpetolog. J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 949OD UT WOS:000304584600003 ER PT J AU Schamber, JL Sedinger, JS Ward, DH AF Schamber, Jason L. Sedinger, James S. Ward, David H. TI CARRY-OVER EFFECTS OF WINTER LOCATION CONTRIBUTE TO VARIATION IN TIMING OF NEST INITIATION AND CLUTCH SIZE IN BLACK BRANT (BRANTA BERNICLA NIGRICANS) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Baja California; Black Brant; Branta bernicla nigricans; carry-over effects; clutch size; nest initiation; reproduction; winter ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; LONG-DISTANCE MIGRANT; BRENT GEESE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MIGRATORY BIRD; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HABITAT QUALITY; ZOSTERA-MARINA; BARNACLE GEESE; BODY CONDITION AB We assessed carry-over effects from winter location on timing of nest initiation and clutch size of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) using observations of individually marked brant breeding at the Tutakoke River colony in Alaska, and wintering along a latitudinal gradient at three areas on the Pacific coast of Baja California: northernmost Bahia San Quintin (BSQ), Laguna Ojo de Liebre (LOL), and southernmost Laguna San Ignacio (LSI). Black Brant initiated nests according to a north-south trend in winter location, although year was a stronger predictor of initiation date than was wintering site. Female Black Brant that wintered at BSQ initiated nests 2.2 days earlier than females from LSI. Conversely, Black Brant showed only a weak south-north trend in clutch size; individuals from LSI laid slightly larger clutches than individuals from BSQ, probably because a smaller proportion of only high-quality females from the southernmost wintering area in Baja California were able to attain the nutritional condition necessary to breed. These results indicate that winter location can influence individual reproductive performance and, potentially, limit population growth of southern segments of the wintering Black Brant population. Received 2 November 2011, accepted 29 February 2012. C1 [Schamber, Jason L.; Ward, David H.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Schamber, JL (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 525 W 67th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM jason.schamber@alaska.gov FU Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; Migratory Bird Management, Region 7, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Alaska Foundation; Ducks Unlimited, Inc.; Ducks Unlimited de Mexico; National Science Foundation [OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP 0196406, DEB 0743152]; Morro Bay Brant Group; Phil Jebbia; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station FX Online supplementary materials are available at dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.11249. Research was supported by the Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; Migratory Bird Management, Region 7, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Alaska Foundation; Ducks Unlimited, Inc.; Ducks Unlimited de Mexico; National Science Foundation (OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP 0196406, DEB 0743152); Morro Bay Brant Group; Phil Jebbia; and the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. Logistic support was provided by Yukon Delta and San Diego National Wildlife Refuges, D. and R. Wheeler, La Compania de Exportadora de Sal. S. A., Kuyima Inc., and Ducks Unlimited de Mexico. We thank the dozens of individuals that assisted with field work. C. Nicolai and two anonymous reviewers provided especially helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2012 VL 129 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.11249 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 945NQ UT WOS:000304283600002 ER PT J AU Walsh, J Kovach, AI Babbitt, KJ O'Brien, KM AF Walsh, Jennifer Kovach, Adrienne I. Babbitt, Kimberly J. O'Brien, Kathleen M. TI FINE-SCALE POPULATION STRUCTURE AND ASYMMETRICAL DISPERSAL IN AN OBLIGATE SALT-MARSH PASSERINE, THE SALTMARSH SPARROW (AMMODRAMUS CAUDACUTUS) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus caudacutus; dispersal; genetic structure; microsatellites; migratory passerine; Saltmarsh Sparrow; source-sink dynamics ID SHARP-TAILED SPARROWS; SPATIAL GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; NEW-ENGLAND; CORYS SHEARWATER; PRAIRIE-CHICKENS; RECENT MIGRATION; HIGHLY MOBILE; HYBRID ZONE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Understanding the spatial scale of gene flow can yield valuable insight into the ecology of an organism and guide conservation strategies. Fine-scale genetic structure is uncommon in migratory passerines because of their high vagility and presumed high dispersal abilities. Aspects of the behavior and ecology of some migratory species, however, may promote structure on a finer scale in comparison to their mobility. We investigated population genetic structure in the Saltmarsh Sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus), a migratory passerine that breeds along the northeastern coast of the United States, where it is restricted exclusively to a narrow strip of patchily distributed tidal marsh habitat. Using genotyping with 10 microsatellite loci, we detected weak but significant population structure among Saltmarsh Sparrows from nine marshes on the breeding grounds between Scarborough, Maine, and Oceanside, New York. Genetic variation among marshes was largely consistent with a pattern of isolation by distance, with some exceptions. One inland marsh was genetically divergent despite its proximity to other sampled marshes, which suggests that mechanisms besides geographic distance influence population genetic structure. Bayesian clustering, multivariate analyses, and assignment tests supported a population structure consisting of five groups. Estimates of migration rates indicated variation in gene flow among marshes, which suggests asymmetrical dispersal and possible source-sink population dynamics. The genetic structure that we found in Saltmarsh Sparrows may result from natal philopatry and breeding-site fidelity, combined with restricted dispersal due to obligate dependence on a patchy habitat. Our findings suggest that fine-scale population structure may be important in some migratory passerines. Received 12 July 2011, accepted 1 February 2012. C1 [Walsh, Jennifer; Kovach, Adrienne I.; Babbitt, Kimberly J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [O'Brien, Kathleen M.] Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wells, ME 04090 USA. RP Kovach, AI (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, James Hall,56 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM adrienne.kovach@unh.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New Hampshire; New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New Hampshire Sea Grant, and the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. We thank O. Lane from the Biodiversity Research Institute for assistance with sample collection. The Marine Nature Center (Oceanside, New York), N. Pau (Parker River NWR), and S. Paton (John H. Chafee NWR) also provided invaluable field support and coordination of sampling efforts. We also thank C. Schmitz and the many interns at Rachel Carson NWR for their help in the field. We thank S. Coster, C. Gabrielsen, D. Hocking, D. Brubaker, and K. Papanastassiou for their valuable input and comments on the manuscript, which was also much improved by comments from C. A. Lindell and three anonymous reviewers. Lastly, we thank the Hubbard Genome center and J. Anderson for the assistance with fragment analysis, and D. Berlinsky for the generous use of laboratory facilities. This is scientific contribution no. 2474 from the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 88 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2012 VL 129 IS 2 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.11153 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 945NQ UT WOS:000304283600007 ER PT J AU Grant, TA Shaffer, TL AF Grant, Todd A. Shaffer, Terry L. TI TIME-SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF NEST SURVIVAL FOR DUCKS AND PASSERINES BREEDING IN NORTH DAKOTA SO AUK LA English DT Article DE grassland bird; logistic exposure; nest survival; passerine; time-specific survival; waterfowl ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; PREDATOR REMOVAL; DABBLING DUCKS; PATCH SIZE; SUCCESS; MANAGEMENT; ALASKA; BIRDS; SASKATCHEWAN AB In many bird species, survival can vary with the age of the nest, with the date a nest was initiated, or among years within the same nesting area. A literature review showed that patterns of survival vary in relation to nest age and date and are often contradictory. Inconsistencies could be a result of temporal variation in the environment or life-history differences among species. We examined patterns of nest survival in relation to nest age, date, and year for several duck and passerine species nesting at a single location in North Dakota during 1998-2003. We predicted that if environment shaped nest survival patterns, then temporal patterns in survival might be similar among three species of upland nesting ducks, and also among three species of grassland passerines nesting at the same site. We expected that survival patterns would differ between ducks and passerines because of relatively disparate life histories and differences in predators that prey on their nests. Nest survival was rarely constant among years, seasonally, or with age of the nest for species that we studied. As predicted, the pattern of survival was similar among duck species, driven mainly by differences in nest survival associated with nest initiation date. The pattern of survival also was similar among passerine species, but nest survival was more influenced by nest age than by date. Our findings suggest that some but not all variation in temporal patterns of nest survival in grassland birds reported in the literature can be explained on the basis of temporal environmental variation. Because patterns of survival were dissimilar among ducks and passerines, it is likely that mechanisms such as predation or brood parasitism have variable influences on productivity of ducks and passerines nesting in the same area. Our results indicate that biologists and managers should not assume that temporal environmental variations, especially factors that affect nest survival, act similarly on all grassland birds. Received 23 March 2011, accepted 28 December 2011. C1 [Grant, Todd A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upham, ND 58789 USA. [Shaffer, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Grant, TA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Souris River Basin Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,6, Upham, ND 58789 USA. EM todd_grant@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Region 6 Divisions of Refuges and Wildlife and Migratory Bird Management; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Region 6 Divisions of Refuges and Wildlife and Migratory Bird Management; and by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. We are grateful to S. K. Davis for sharing his experience and methods for locating and monitoring nests of grassland passerines. S. L. Jones provided support throughout the project. E. M. Madden and G. B. Berkey were pivotal in completing the study. C. M. Aucoin, B. Bedard, B. Cofell, K. J. Berg, K. M. Baus-Christopherson, M. J. Friel, J. Gault, S. L. Finkbeiner, K. M. Hansen, S. Kuzyk, R. A. Laubhan, S. A. Marshall, R. T. McManus, M. P. Nenneman, and J. J. Thury assisted with data collection. Comments by M. A. Sovoda, T. W. Arnold, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. T. K. Buhl assisted with analyses. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and the USGS and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2012 VL 129 IS 2 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.11064 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 945NQ UT WOS:000304283600013 ER PT J AU Udevitz, MS Gogan, PJP AF Udevitz, Mark S. Gogan, Peter J. P. TI Estimating survival rates with time series of standing age-structure data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age structure; bison; demographic rates; fecundity; inverse methods; mortality; population growth rate; population models; survival; Yellowstone National Park ID SEA LIONS; POPULATION; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; RATIOS; MODEL AB It has long been recognized that age-structure data contain useful information for assessing the status and dynamics of wildlife populations. For example, age-specific survival rates can be estimated with just a single sample from the age distribution of a stable, stationary population. For a population that is not stable, age-specific survival rates can be estimated using techniques such as inverse methods that combine time series of age-structure data with other demographic data. However, estimation of survival rates using these methods typically requires numerical optimization, a relatively long time series of data, and smoothing or other constraints to provide useful estimates. We developed general models for possibly unstable populations that combine time series of age-structure data with other demographic data to provide explicit maximum likelihood estimators of age-specific survival rates with as few as two years of data. As an example, we applied these methods to estimate survival rates for female bison (Bison bison) in Yellowstone National Park, USA. This approach provides a simple tool for monitoring survival rates based on age-structure data. C1 [Udevitz, Mark S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gogan, Peter J. P.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Udevitz, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mudevitz@usgs.gov OI Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 726 EP 732 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 937HV UT WOS:000303650500005 PM 22690623 ER PT J AU Kendall, WL White, GC Hines, JE Langtimm, CA Yoshizaki, J AF Kendall, William L. White, Gary C. Hines, James E. Langtimm, Catherine A. Yoshizaki, Jun TI Estimating parameters of hidden Markov models based on marked individuals: use of robust design data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; closed robust design; hidden Markov models; manatees; misclassification; mixtures; multi-event; multistate model; stage structure; state uncertainty; Trichechus manatus latirostrus ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; SURVIVAL; STATE; HISTORIES; UNCERTAIN; RATES AB Development and use of multistate mark-recapture models, which provide estimates of parameters of Markov processes in the face of imperfect detection, have become common over the last 20 years. Recently, estimating parameters of hidden Markov models, where the state of an individual can be uncertain even when it is detected, has received attention. Previous work has shown that ignoring state uncertainty biases estimates of survival and state transition probabilities, thereby reducing the power to detect effects. Efforts to adjust for state uncertainty have included special cases and a general framework for a single sample per period of interest. We provide a flexible framework for adjusting for state uncertainty in multistate models, while utilizing multiple sampling occasions per period of interest to increase precision and remove parameter redundancy. These models also produce direct estimates of state structure for each primary period, even for the case where there is just one sampling occasion. We apply our model to expected-value data, and to data from a study of Florida manatees, to provide examples of the improvement in precision due to secondary capture occasions. We have also implemented these models in program MARK. This general framework could also be used by practitioners to consider constrained models of particular interest, or to model the relationship between within-primary-period parameters (e. g., state structure) and between-primary-period parameters (e.g., state transition probabilities). C1 [Kendall, William L.; Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Langtimm, Catherine A.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wkendall@usgs.gov FU USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center through the Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank J. Nichols, A. Royle, and P. Conn for very helpful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. We also thank C. Beck and R. Bonde, of USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center, for supplying manatee data. Financial support for J. Yoshizaki was provided by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, through the Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 32 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 913 EP 920 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 937HV UT WOS:000303650500023 PM 22690641 ER PT J AU Newsome, SD Yeakel, JD Wheatley, PV Tinker, MT AF Newsome, Seth D. Yeakel, Justin D. Wheatley, Patrick V. Tinker, M. Tim TI Tools for quantifying isotopic niche space and dietary variation at the individual and population level SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE isotope mixing models; isotopic niches; sea otters; stable isotope analysis ID COMMUNITY-WIDE MEASURES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MIXING MODELS; SEA OTTERS; MIGRATORY ANIMALS; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; FOOD LIMITATION; RATIOS PROVIDE; SPECIALIZATION; ECOLOGY AB Ecologists are increasingly using stable isotope analysis to inform questions about variation in resource and habitat use from the individual to community level. In this study we investigate data sets from 2 California sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) populations to illustrate the advantages and potential pitfalls of applying various statistical and quantitative approaches to isotopic data. We have subdivided these tools, or metrics, into 3 categories: IsoSpace metrics, stable isotope mixing models, and DietSpace metrics. IsoSpace metrics are used to quantify the spatial attributes of isotopic data that are typically presented in bivariate (e.g., delta C-13 versus delta N-15) 2-dimensional space. We review IsoSpace metrics currently in use and present a technique by which uncertainty can be included to calculate the convex hull area of consumers or prey, or both. We then apply a Bayesian-based mixing model to quantify the proportion of potential dietary sources to the diet of each sea otter population and compare this to observational foraging data. Finally, we assess individual dietary specialization by comparing a previously published technique, variance components analysis, to 2 novel DietSpace metrics that are based on mixing model output. As the use of stable isotope analysis in ecology continues to grow, the field will need a set of quantitative tools for assessing isotopic variance at the individual to community level. Along with recent advances in Bayesian-based mixing models, we hope that the IsoSpace and DietSpace metrics described here will provide another set of interpretive tools for ecologists. C1 [Newsome, Seth D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Yeakel, Justin D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wheatley, Patrick V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Newsome, SD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM snewsome@uwyo.edu RI Bosley, Sharron/E-4641-2012; Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011; OI Yeakel, Justin/0000-0002-6597-3511 FU Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Foundation; United States Marine Mammal Commission; National Science Foundation [ATM-0502491, DIOS-0848028]; Carnegie Institution of Washington; W. M. Keck Foundation [072000] FX Thanks to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Foundation and the United States Marine Mammal Commission for funding the collection and processing of sea otter prey samples. We thank A. Green, M. Kenner, K. Miles, and J. Bodkin for assistance in prey collection and E. Snyder, C. Mancuso, W. Wurzel, E. Heil, and R. Harley for laboratory assistance. We thank A. C. Jakle, E. J. Ward, and L. Feliciti for constructive reviews. We thank A. Green for obtaining the necessary California Fish and Game permit for marine invertebrate collection and the United States Navy for permission to conduct research on San Nicolas Island. SDN was partially funded by the National Science Foundation (ATM-0502491, DIOS-0848028), Carnegie Institution of Washington, and the W. M. Keck Foundation (072000). S. D. Newsome and J. D. Yeakel contributed equally to this study. NR 58 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 10 U2 93 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 2 BP 329 EP 341 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-S-187.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937VI UT WOS:000303690700003 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Stricker, CA Wunder, MB AF Cryan, Paul M. Stricker, Craig A. Wunder, Michael B. TI Evidence of cryptic individual specialization in an opportunistic insectivorous bat SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; Chiroptera; deuterium; diet; Eptesicus fuscus; habitat use; hydrogen; nitrogen; stable isotopes; sulfur ID BIG BROWN BATS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; ROOST SELECTION; DAILY TORPOR; ECOLOGY; COLORADO; HYDROGEN; CHIROPTERA; MIGRATION AB Habitat use and feeding behaviors of cryptic animals are often poorly understood. Analyses of stable isotope ratios in animal body tissues can help reveal an individual's location and resource use during tissue growth. We investigated variation in stable isotope ratios of 4 elements (H, C, N, and S) in the hair of a sedentary species of insectivorous bat (Eptesicus fuscus) inhabiting a chemically complex urban landscape. Our objective was to quantify population-level isotopic variation and test for evidence of resource specialization by individuals. Bats were sampled over 3 annual molt cycles at maternity roosts in buildings and variance components analysis was used to test whether intraindividual isotopic variation among molts differed from interindividual variation, after controlling for year and roost-group effects. Consistent with prior evidence that E. fuscus is opportunistic in its habitat use and foraging at the population level, we observed wide population-level variation for all isotopes. This variation likely reflects the chemical complexity of the urban landscape studied. However, isotopic variation among years within marked individuals was lower than variation among marked individuals within year for all isotopes, and carbon signatures indicated resource specialization by roost groups and individuals. This is the 1st study to examine variation in stable isotope ratios of individual wild bats over multiple years. Although our results suggest this population tends toward opportunistic habitat use or prey selection, or both, during molt periods, results also indicate that individuals and groups of bats composing the population might be habitat or dietary specialists-a novel finding for insectivorous bats. C1 [Cryan, Paul M.; Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Stable Isotope & Gas Chem Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wunder, Michael B.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cryanp@usgs.gov OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU United States Geological Survey FX We are grateful to T. J. O'Shea for laying the groundwork of research on big brown bats in Fort Collins that made this study possible. Special thanks to A. Englert, E. A. Snider, D. Neubaum, C. Ndaluka, L. Ellison, J. Belak, E. Crichton, and G. Yanega for invaluable assistance in the field and laboratory. C. Gulbransen conducted the mass spectrometry. Helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript were provided by E. A. Flaherty, T. J. O'Shea, T. Weller, and 2 anonymous reviewers. Funding for this work was provided by the United States Geological Survey Venture Capital Fund (Geology). Any use of trade product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 33 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 2 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-S-162.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937VI UT WOS:000303690700008 ER PT J AU Whiteman, JP Greller, KA Harlow, HJ Felicetti, LA Rode, KD Ben-David, M AF Whiteman, John P. Greller, Katie A. Harlow, Henry J. Felicetti, Laura A. Rode, Karyn D. Ben-David, Merav TI Carbon isotopes in exhaled breath track metabolic substrates in brown bears (Ursus arctos) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE breath; brown bear; CO2; diet; fasting; RER; respiratory exchange ratio; stable isotope; Ursus arctos ID FATTY-ACID MOBILIZATION; POLAR BEARS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; FOOD-DEPRIVATION; ADIPOSE-TISSUES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CO2; MAMMALS; DIETS; DIGESTIBILITY AB Dietary carbon is oxidized and exhaled as CO2, thus delta C-13(breath) values can provide information on diet and substrate use for energy. However, physiological phenomena such as fat deposition and fasting can alter values of delta C-13(breath) such that interpretation of source contributions may be unclear. Consequently, before application to free-ranging animals, inferences about feeding and nutritional states based on delta C-13(breath) should be validated with controlled experiments using captive individuals. Here, we report delta C-13(breath) values for 4 captive brown bears (Ursus arctos) under different conditions: the bears were 1st given a diet containing carbohydrate, lipid, and protein; they were then switched to a carbohydrate-free diet consisting of salmon and fish oil; and finally they were placed on a fast leading to winter hibernation. Following the switch to the carbohydrate-free diet, values of delta C-13(breath) and delta C-13(plasma) suggested that although oxidation included a substantial portion of dietary proteins, dietary lipids were preferentially utilized. After the onset of fasting, delta C-13(breath) values did not change, possibly because of selective mobilization of endogenous fatty acids accreted by bears while consuming the experimental diet. Examination of our data suggests that because CO2 production and exhalation are influenced differentially by fasting state and diet composition, additional measurements such as respiratory exchange ratio should be used to aid interpretation of carbon isotope analysis of breath. C1 [Whiteman, John P.; Ben-David, Merav] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Whiteman, John P.; Greller, Katie A.; Harlow, Henry J.; Ben-David, Merav] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Felicetti, Laura A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rode, Karyn D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Whiteman, JP (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jwhitema@uwyo.edu OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU National Science Foundation [0732713] FX We thank staff and volunteers of the Washington State University Bear Research, Education and Conservation Center. C. T. Robbins generously coordinated this experiment with ongoing research. Comments from C. Voigt, M. Clementz, C. Cotton, and 2 anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. The Findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Principal funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (0732713). NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 20 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 2 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-S-178.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937VI UT WOS:000303690700011 ER PT J AU Velazco, PM Gardner, AL AF Velazco, Paul M. Gardner, Alfred L. TI A new species of Lophostoma d'Orbigny, 1836 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Panama SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE dichotomous key; Lophostoma; masculinization; Panama; Phyllostomidae; Phyllostominae; taxonomy ID ACTIVE TERMITE NESTS; ROUND-EARED BAT; TONATIA-SCHULZI; FRENCH-GUIANA; MAMMALS; ROOST; VENEZUELA; BEHAVIOR; FOREST AB We report the discovery of a new species of Lophostoma from Panama, which we name L. kalkoae. This new species resembles L. carrikeri and L. yasuni in possessing a white venter, but is distinguishable from both by external and cranial characteristics. The new species is similar in size to L. carrikeri and L. schulzi. Lophostoma sp. nov. can be most easily recognized by its combination of white venter, postauricular patches connected by a thin line of pale hair to the white fur on the chest, elongated clitoris and swollen labia, less strongly developed lateral projection of mastoid processes, well-marked indentation on the lingual cingulum of the upper canine, well-developed P3, well-developed posterior lingual cusp on the cingulum of P4, and parastyle absent on M1 and M2. We present a dichotomous key for the genus Lophostoma and a map showing all the localities where white-bellied Lophostoma have been recorded. C1 [Velazco, Paul M.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mammal, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Gardner, Alfred L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist MRC 111, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Velazco, PM (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mammal, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM pvelazco@amnh.org RI Velazco, Paul/K-4186-2012 OI Velazco, Paul/0000-0001-7195-7422 FU American Museum of Natural History FX The following curators and collection staff graciously provided access to specimens under their care: N. B. Simmons and E. Westwig, American Museum of Natural History, New York; B. D. Patterson and J. Phelps, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago; M. S. Hafner, Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; V. Pacheco, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima; S. Burneo, Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Cato Ilea del Ecuador, Quito; R. J. Baker, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock; and S. C. Peurach, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, United States Geological Survey. We thank P. J. Wynne for the illustration of Fig. 2, J. P. Carrera and C. M. Pinto for their measurements of the holotypes of Lophostoma aequatorialis and L. yasuni, and D. von Staden for the live bat photographs. For critical comments on an early draft of this manuscript, we thank T. Chesser, K. Kline, R. Pine, N. Woodman, and 1 anonymous reviewer. Funding for this project was provided to PMV by the Gerstner and Roosevelt postdoctoral fellowships at the American Museum of Natural History. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 2 BP 605 EP 614 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-217.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937VI UT WOS:000303690700032 ER PT J AU Fisher, R Ineich, I AF Fisher, Robert Ineich, Ivan TI Cryptic extinction of a common Pacific lizard Emoia impar (Squamata, Scincidae) from the Hawaiian Islands SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Emoia impar; Hawaiian Islands; invasive ants; Lampropholis delicata; lizard extinction; Pheidole megacephala; Scincidae ID ANT; SKINKS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; DIVERSITY; CYANURA; OCEAN; CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Most documented declines of tropical reptiles are of dramatic or enigmatic species. Declines of widespread species tend to be cryptic. The early (1900s) decline and extinction of the common Pacific skink Emoia impar from the Hawaiian Islands is documented here through an assessment of literature, museum vouchers and recent fieldwork. This decline appears contemporaneous with the documented declines of invertebrates and birds across the Hawaiian Islands. A review of the plausible causal factors indicates that the spread of the introduced big-headed ant Pheidole megacephala is the most likely factor in this lizard decline. The introduction and spread of a similar skink Lampropholis delicata across the islands appears to temporally follow the decline of E. impar, although there is no evidence of competition between these species. It appears that L. delicata is spreading to occupy the niche vacated by the extirpated E. impar. Further confusion exists because the skink E. cyanura, which is very similar in appearance to E. impar, appears to have been introduced to one site within a hotel on Kaua'i and persisted as a population at that site for approximately 2 decades (1970s-1990s) but is now also extirpated. This study highlights the cryptic nature of this early species extinction as evidence that current biogeographical patterns of non-charismatic or enigmatic reptiles across the Pacific may be the historical result of early widespread invasion by ants. Conservation and restoration activities for reptiles in the tropical Pacific should consider this possibility and evaluate all evidence prior to any implementation. C1 [Fisher, Robert] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Ineich, Ivan] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Systemat & Evolut, UMR Origine Struct & Evolut Biodiversite 7205, CP Reptiles 30, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Fisher, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM rfisher@usgs.gov NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 42 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD APR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1017/S0030605310001778 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 939TG UT WOS:000303837100011 ER PT J AU Loope, LL Uchida, JY AF Loope, Lloyd L. Uchida, Janice Y. TI The Challenge of Retarding Erosion of Island Biodiversity through Phytosanitary Measures: An Update on the Case of Puccinia psidii in Hawai'i SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METROSIDEROS-POLYMORPHA; EUCALYPTUS RUST; GUAVA RUST; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; MYRTACEAE; AUSTRALIA; THREAT; QUARANTINE; BIOSECURITY AB Most rust fungi are highly host specific, but Puccina psidii has an extremely broad host range within Myrtaceae and gained notoriety with a host jump in its native Brazil from common guava (Psidium guajava) to commercial Eucalyptus plantations. When detected in Hawai'i in April 2005, the first invasion outside the neotropics/subtropics, there was immediate concern for 'ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha). 'Ohi'a composes 80% of native forest statewide, providing stable watersheds and habitat for most Hawaiian forest birds and plants. Within months, rust spores spread statewide on wind currents, but 'ohi'a was found to be only a minor host, showing very light damage. The primary host was nonnative rose apple (Syzygium jambos), severely affected at a landscape scale, but the epiphytotic subsided as rose apple was largely defoliated or killed within several years. The limited and stable host range in Hawai'i (versus elsewhere) led the local conservation community to explore possibilities for excluding new genetic strains of P. psidii. Although national/international phytosanitary standards require strong scientific justification for regulations involving an intraspecific taxonomic level, hopes were buoyed when genetic studies showed no apparent genetic variation/evolution in Hawai'i's rust strain. A sophisticated genetic study of P. psidii in its home range is near completion; genetic variation is substantial, and host species strongly influences rust population structure. To prevent introduction of new strains, the Hawai'i Department of Agriculture is moving ahead with establishing stringent measures that restrict entry of :Myrtaceae into Hawai'i. Meanwhile, P. psidii poses a major threat to Myrtaceae biodiversity worldwide. C1 [Loope, Lloyd L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Maui, HI 96768 USA. [Uchida, Janice Y.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Loope, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 246, Maui, HI 96768 USA. EM lloope@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 66 IS 2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.2984/66.2.3 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 936YH UT WOS:000303625400003 ER PT J AU Perry, G Bertoluci, J Bury, B Hansen, RW Jehle, R Measey, J Moon, BR Muths, E Zuffi, MAL AF Perry, Gad Bertoluci, Jaime Bury, Bruce Hansen, Robert W. Jehle, Robert Measey, John Moon, Brad R. Muths, Erin Zuffi, Marco A. L. TI The 'peer' in 'Peer Review' SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GOLDEN-RULE C1 [Measey, John] Univ Western Cape, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Perry, Gad] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Bertoluci, Jaime] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bury, Bruce] USGS, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jehle, Robert] Univ Salford, Manchester, England. [Moon, Brad R.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Muths, Erin] USGS, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Zuffi, Marco A. L.] Univ Pisa, Museum Nat Hist, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Measey, J (reprint author), Univ Western Cape, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. EM johnmeasey@gmail.com RI Bertoluci, Jaime/C-2824-2012; Measey, G John/F-2028-2010; Zuffi, Marco/J-6974-2013 OI Measey, G John/0000-0001-9939-7615; NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2156-4574 J9 AFR J HERPETOL JI Afr. J. Herpetol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1080/21564574.2012.658665 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 936JY UT WOS:000303587900001 ER PT J AU Cochran, PA Elliott, RF AF Cochran, Philip A. Elliott, Robert F. TI Newspapers as sources of historical information about lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) SO ARCHIVES OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Acipenseridae; Fox River; Lake Michigan; sturgeon; Wisconsin ID SPECIES EXTINCTION AB As part of an attempt to reconstruct the original distribution and relative abundance of lake sturgeon in tributaries to Lake Michigan, old newspapers were surveyed for accounts of sturgeon captured by sport and commercial fishers. The reliability of this process was assessed in several ways. A historical column in a modern newspaper (De Pere journal) proved useful for identifying the time period during which original accounts of sturgeon were first published (late 1800s early 1900s) and the season when most historical catches occurred (the spring spawning season), but a complete survey of the original newspapers revealed many more records than resurfaced in the historical column and some significant accounts that were published outside of the spawning season. Independent surveys of De Pere newspapers by different searchers revealed that the average searcher found a majority of known records (more than 90%). The seasonal distribution of catches in the Lower Fox River as revealed by historical newspaper accounts was very similar to that based on modern sightings, and the newspaper contained several accounts of sturgeon in other parts of the drainage or other parts of Wisconsin. However, comparison with newspapers published in the neighbouring community of Green Bay revealed that the latter included few of the incidents reported in the De Pere paper, and few additional accounts appeared in the Green Bay papers that were not reported in De Pere. Although the De Pere newspaper accounts taken alone reveal a history of sturgeon exploitation in this microcosm remarkably parallel to patterns of sturgeon exploitation nationwide, our initial focus on the De Pere paper appears to have been fortuitous in that few local newspapers along the Lake Michigan shoreline would have yielded comparable amounts of historical information. C1 [Cochran, Philip A.] St Marys Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Winona, MN 55987 USA. [Elliott, Robert F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP Cochran, PA (reprint author), St Marys Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, 700 Terrace Hts, Winona, MN 55987 USA. EM pcochran@smumn.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2002.256] FX This research was financially supported in part by Grant No. 2002.256 from the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. We thank Mark Holey of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Green Bay Fishery Resources Office; former Saint Norbert College students Therese Brooks, Colleen Martin, and Erin Pecora; and former Saint Mary's University students Chad Brusky, Jennifer Cochran, Bridget Emmett, Sarah Kraszewski, William Martin, and Brendon Panke. The librarians at the Saint Mary's University Fitzgerald Library helped arrange for loans of old newspapers on microfilm. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU EDINBURGH UNIV PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA 22 GEORGE SQUARE, EDINBURGH EH8 9LF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0260-9541 J9 ARCH NAT HIST JI Arch. Nat. Hist. PD APR PY 2012 VL 39 IS 1 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.3366/anh.2012.0066 PG 11 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933PB UT WOS:000303373200010 ER PT J AU Arlinghaus, R Beard, TD Cooke, SJ Cowx, IG AF Arlinghaus, Robert Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Cooke, Steven J. Cowx, Ian G. TI Benefits and Risks of Adopting the Global Code of Practice for Recreational Fisheries SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CATCH-AND-RELEASE; FISH WELFARE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGE; CONFLICT; CANADA; ISSUES; LAKE AB Recreational fishing constitutes the dominant or sole use of many fish stocks, particularly in freshwater ecosystems in Western industrialized countries. However, despite their social and economic importance, recreational fisheries are generally guided by local or regional norms and standards, with few comprehensive policy and development frameworks existing across jurisdictions. We argue that adoption of a recently developed Global Code of Practice (CoP) for Recreational Fisheries can provide benefits for moving recreational fisheries toward sustainability on a global scale. The CoP is a voluntary document, specifically framed toward recreational fisheries practices and issues, thereby complementing and extending the United Nation's Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries by the Food and Agricultural Organization. The CoP for Recreational Fisheries describes the minimum standards of environmentally friendly, ethically appropriate, and-depending on local situations-socially acceptable recreational fishing and its management. Although many, if not all, of the provisions presented in the CoP are already addressed through national fisheries legislation and state-based fisheries management regulations in North America, adopting a common framework for best practices in recreational fisheries across multiple jurisdictions would further promote their long-term viability in the face of interjurisdictional angler movements and some expanding threats to the activity related to shifting sociopolitical norms. C1 [Arlinghaus, Robert] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Arlinghaus, Robert] Humboldt Univ, D-10155 Berlin, Germany. [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] United States Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cowx, Ian G.] Univ Hull, Hull Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. RP Arlinghaus, R (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Muggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. EM arlinghaus@igb-berlin.de RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality; Dutch Recreational Fishing Association; Irish Fisheries Board; ADAPTFISH; Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Community (Germany); German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [01UU0907]; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Canada Research Chairs Program; FAO; EIFAC, The Netherlands FX We thank R. van Anrooy (FAO), EIFAC experts and participants at the EIFAC workshop on the Code of Practice in Bilthoven, The Netherlands (November 2007, Figure 3), for their support and constructive feedback on the various drafts of the Code. Particular credit goes to A. Rothuis of the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality and to F. Bloot of the Dutch Recreational Fishing Association for their financial and logistic support in hosting the workshop, as well as to the Irish Fisheries Board-particularly J. Caffrey-for partial funding of this project. Additional funding was also provided through the ADAPTFISH project (www.adaptfish.igb-berlin.de) funded by the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Community (Germany) through a grant to R.A. Funding for the finalization of this article was provided by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) within the project Besatzfisch (www.besatz-fisch.de) in the Program for Social-Ecological Research (#01UU0907). S.J.C. was supported by the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, and the Canada Research Chairs Program. We thank three reviewers and the science editor for comments that helped improve our article. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 4 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.666473 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936KT UT WOS:000303590000003 ER PT J AU Borkhataria, RR Collazo, JA Groom, MJ AF Borkhataria, Rena R. Collazo, Jaime A. Groom, Martha J. TI Species abundance and potential biological control services in shade vs. sun coffee in Puerto Rico SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Biological control; Birds; Coffee; Insects; Lizards ID FOREST; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; MEXICO; CERTIFICATION; PLANTATIONS; ASSEMBLAGES; MANAGEMENT AB Birds, lizards and insects were surveyed in three sun and three shade coffee plantations in Puerto Rico to provide a comprehensive comparison of biodiversity between plantations types and to identify potential interrelationships (e.g., biological or natural control services) between members of each taxon and coffee pests. Abundance of avian species, including insectivorous species, was significantly higher in shade coffee. Anolis cristatellus and A. stratulus were significantly more abundant in sun plantations whereas A. gundlachi and A. evermanni were detected more frequently in shade plantations. Insects in the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, and Psocoptera were significantly more abundant in shade coffee, while orthopterans were more abundant in sun. The coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeela) and the flatid planthopper (Petrusa epilepsis) did not differ significantly between plantation types, nor did the abundance of the wasp complex that parasitizes the coffee leaf miner. These findings confirmed that shade plantations harbor a wide array of elements of biodiversity; but sun plantations may also harbor many elements of biodiversity, and in some cases, in higher abundance than in shade plantations. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Borkhataria, Rena R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Groom, Martha J.] Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. RP Borkhataria, RR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, 3200 E Palm Beach Rd, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM rrbork@ufl.edu FU Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Biological Resources Division, US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation; Harry S. Truman Scholarship FX We would like to thank H. Heatwole and R. Rice for reviewing an earlier draft of this work; A. Jordan-Garcia, V. Cordova, M. Hershdorfer, B. Monahan, L. Dunn, S. Rosenthal, and S. Smith for help in the field; and the farmers who allowed us to use their farms. We thank Consuelo Arellano for statistical advice and Wendy Moore for logistic and administrative support. This project was supported by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources' Federal Aid Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cooperative Research Units Program (Biological Resources Division, US Geological Survey), and in part by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and a Harry S. Truman Scholarship to R. Borkhataria. Any use of trade, product, or firms names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 151 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2012.01.025 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932DR UT WOS:000303271100001 ER PT J AU Jones, JA Creed, IF Hatcher, KL Warren, RJ Adams, MB Benson, MH Boose, E Brown, WA Campbell, JL Covich, A Clow, DW Dahm, CN Elder, K Ford, CR Grimm, NB Henshaw, DL Larson, KL Miles, ES Miles, KM Sebestyen, SD Spargo, AT Stone, AB Vose, JM Williams, MW AF Jones, Julia A. Creed, Irena F. Hatcher, Kendra L. Warren, Robert J. Adams, Mary Beth Benson, Melinda H. Boose, Emery Brown, Warren A. Campbell, John L. Covich, Alan Clow, David W. Dahm, Clifford N. Elder, Kelly Ford, Chelcy R. Grimm, Nancy B. Henshaw, Donald L. Larson, Kell L. Miles, Evan S. Miles, Kathleen M. Sebestyen, Stephen D. Spargo, Adam T. Stone, Asa B. Vose, James M. Williams, Mark W. TI Ecosystem Processes and Human Influences Regulate Streamflow Response to Climate Change at Long-Term Ecological Research Sites SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE precipitation/runoff ratio; trend; succession; socioecological systems; Budyko curve ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; RIVER FLOWS; OSCILLATION; DYNAMICS; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; CATCHMENT; EXTREMES AB Analyses of long-term records at 35 headwater basins in the United States and Canada indicate that climate change effects on streamflow are not as clear as might be expected, perhaps because of ecosystem processes and human influences. Evapotranspiration was higher than was predicted by temperature in water-surplus ecosystems and lower than was predicted in water-deficit ecosystems. Streamflow was correlated with climate variability indices (e.g., the El Nino Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation), especially in seasons when vegetation influences are limited. Air temperature increased significantly at 17 of the 19 sites with 20- to 60-year records, but streamflow trends were directly related to climate trends (through changes in ice and snow) at only 7 sites. Past and present human and natural disturbance, vegetation succession, and human water use can mimic, exacerbate, counteract, or mask the effects of climate change on streamflow, even in reference basins. Long-term ecological research sites are ideal places to disentangle these processes. C1 [Jones, Julia A.; Miles, Evan S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Creed, Irena F.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. [Warren, Robert J.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV USA. [Benson, Melinda H.; Dahm, Clifford N.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Boose, Emery] Harvard Univ Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA USA. [Boose, Emery] Harvard Forest LTER Site, Boston, MA USA. [Brown, Warren A.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Inst Social & Econ Res, Ithaca, NY USA. [Campbell, John L.] USFS, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Covich, Alan] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Dahm, Clifford N.] CALFED Bay Delta Program, Cleveland, OH USA. [Elder, Kelly] USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Ford, Chelcy R.; Vose, James M.] USFS, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC USA. [Grimm, Nancy B.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Henshaw, Donald L.] USFS, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [Larson, Kell L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ USA. [Sebestyen, Stephen D.] USFS, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [Spargo, Adam T.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON, Canada. [Stone, Asa B.] Cent New Mexico Community Coll, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Williams, Mark W.] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Jones, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jonesj@geo.oregonstate.edu RI Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; Creed, Irena/L-8810-2013; Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013; OI Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Creed, Irena/0000-0001-8199-1472; Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696; Miles, Evan/0000-0001-5446-8571; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU US Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network; National Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Networks of Centres of Excellence-Sustainable Forest Management Network FX Funding for this work was provided by the US Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network and National Science Foundation grants to participating sites and by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to IFC. We thank LTER Network information managers for the creation and maintenance of ClimDB/HydroDB; the US Forest Service for the initial establishment and continued support of climate and basin measurements at many of the study sites; the US Geological Survey (USGS) Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets program, the USGS Hydrologic Benchmark Network, and the USGS National Water Information Service for provision of data; and the Networks of Centres of Excellence-Sustainable Forest Management Network-funded project on HydroEcological Landscapes and Processes (HELP) and the participating Canadian experimental basins from which data were contributed to the HELP project (Peter Tschaplinski for CAR, Tom Clair for KEJ, Fred Beall for TLW and MRM, Ray Hesslein for ELA, Peter Dillon for DOR, and Rita Winkler for UPC). We thank Merryl Albers, David R. Foster, Eveleyn Gaiser, Ann Giblin, Stephen P. Loheide II, Randy K. Kolka, Richard V. Pouyat, Sylvia Schaefer, Emily H. Stanley, Frederick J. Swanson, Will Wollheim, and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. NR 55 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 82 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2012 VL 62 IS 4 BP 390 EP 404 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.10 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 927RK UT WOS:000302927600010 ER PT J AU Scholz, NL Fleishman, E Brown, L Werner, I Johnson, ML Brooks, ML Mitchelmore, CL Schlenk, D AF Scholz, Nathaniel L. Fleishman, Erica Brown, Larry Werner, Inge Johnson, Michael L. Brooks, Marjorie L. Mitchelmore, Carys L. Schlenk, Daniel TI A Perspective on Modern Pesticides, Pelagic Fish Declines, and Unknown Ecological Resilience in Highly Managed Ecosystems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE endangered species; toxic runoff aquatic habitat; ecosystem; delta smelt ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; CONSERVATION; SALMON; CALIFORNIA; TOXICOLOGY; RESPONSES; MIXTURES; TOXICITY; CLIMATE; SYSTEMS AB Pesticides applied on land are commonly transported by runoff or spray drift to aquatic ecosystems, where they are potentially toxic to fishes and other nontarget organisms. Pesticides add to and interact with other stressors of ecosystem processes, including surface-water diversions, losses of spawning and rearing habitats, nonnative species, and harmful algal blooms. Assessing the cumulative effects of pesticides on species or ecological functions has been difficult for historical, legal, conceptual, and practical reasons. To explore these challenges, we examine current-use (modern) pesticides and their potential connections to the abundances of fishes in the San Francisco Estuary (California). Declines in delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and other species have triggered mandatory and expensive management actions in the urbanizing estuary and agriculturally productive Central Valley. Our inferences are transferable to other situations in which toxics may drive changes in ecological status and trends. C1 [Scholz, Nathaniel L.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brown, Larry] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Werner, Inge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Johnson, Michael L.] Univ Calif Davis, Aquat Ecosyst Anal Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brooks, Marjorie L.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Mitchelmore, Carys L.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Schlenk, Daniel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM nathaniel.scholz@noaa.gov RI Mitchelmore, Carys/E-5278-2012; Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013; Brooks, Marjorie/M-5692-2014 OI Mitchelmore, Carys/0000-0003-1373-4479; Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272; FU University of California, Santa Barbara [113325G004]; US Fish and Wildlife Service [113325G004]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We appreciate the helpful comments of Kate Macneale, David Baldwin, Jana Labenia, Chris Mebane, Mark Munn, and Lisa Nowell on draft versions of the manusctipt. This work was supported by cooperative agreement to. 113325G004 between the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The work was conducted as part of a working group convened in part at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in cooperation with the Interagency Ecological Program. Support was also provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coastal Storms Program. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 61 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2012 VL 62 IS 4 BP 428 EP 434 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.13 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 927RK UT WOS:000302927600013 ER PT J AU Asher, J Maragos, J Kenyon, J Vargas-Angel, B Coccagna, E AF Asher, Jacob Maragos, James Kenyon, Jean Vargas-Angel, Bernardo Coccagna, Edmund TI RANGE EXTENSIONS FOR SEVERAL SPECIES OF ACROPORA IN THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO AND THE PAPAHANAUMOKUAKEA MARINE NATIONAL MONUMENT SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID JOHNSTON ATOLL; ISLANDS C1 [Asher, Jacob; Vargas-Angel, Bernardo; Coccagna, Edmund] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, NOAA Fisheries, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Kenyon, Jean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Maragos, James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Off, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Asher, J (reprint author), Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, NOAA Fisheries, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1125 B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Jacob.Asher@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 88 IS 2 BP 337 EP 338 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1079 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 932JJ UT WOS:000303287100012 ER PT J AU Xue, Z He, RY Liu, JP Warner, JC AF Xue, Zuo He, Ruoying Liu, J. Paul Warner, John C. TI Modeling transport and deposition of the Mekong River sediment SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE South China Sea; Mekong River delta; Coupled sediment transport modeling; Sediment budget ID SOUTH-CHINA-SEA; VIETNAM; OCEAN; WAVE; SYSTEM; DYNAMICS; DELTA; INITIATION; EVOLUTION; DISCHARGE AB A Coupled Wave-Ocean-Sediment Transport Model was used to hindcast coastal circulation and fine sediment transport on the Mekong shelf in southeastern Asian in 2005. Comparisons with limited observations showed that the model simulation captured the regional patterns and temporal variability of surface wave, sea level, and suspended sediment concentration reasonably well. Significant seasonality in sediment transport was revealed. In summer, a large amount of fluvial sediments was delivered and deposited near the Mekong River mouth. In the following winter, strong ocean mixing, and coastal current lead to resuspension and southwestward dispersal of a small fraction of previously deposited sediments. Model sensitivity experiments (with reduced physics) were performed to investigate the impact of tides, waves, and remotely forced ambient currents on the transport and dispersal of the fluvial sediment. Strong wave mixing and downwelling-favorable coastal current associated with the more energetic northeast monsoon in the winter season are the main factors controlling the southwestward along-shelf transport. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xue, Zuo; He, Ruoying; Liu, J. Paul] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Xue, Z (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM zxue@ncsu.edu RI Liu, Paul/F-6032-2010 FU U.S. Geological Survey; International Office of the National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research FX We thank the funding supports from U.S. Geological Survey, International Office of the National Science Foundation, and Office of Naval Research. Assistance from Dr. K. Chen, Mr. Y. Li, Dr. H. Liu (North Carolina State University), Mr. Z. Yao (Ocean University of China) with the ROMS and SWAN model setup is appreciated. The MODIS satellite images and wave/sea-level data from AVISO provided crucial validation information for our numerical modeling. We also appreciate detailed and insightful comments from Dr. C.K. Harris (Virginia Institute of Marine Science) and Dr. K.H. Xu (Coastal Carolina University) as well as two anonymous reviewers. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 37 BP 66 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.02.010 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 931LG UT WOS:000303220800008 ER PT J AU Schmidt, TS Clements, WH Wanty, RB Verplanck, PL Church, SE San Juan, CA Fey, DL Rockwell, BW DeWitt, EH Klein, TL AF Schmidt, Travis S. Clements, William H. Wanty, Richard B. Verplanck, Philip L. Church, Stanley E. San Juan, Carma A. Fey, David L. Rockwell, Barnaby W. DeWitt, Ed H. Klein, Terry L. TI Geologic processes influence the effects of mining on aquatic ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic communities; biomonitoring; geology; metals; mining; Rocky Mountain (USA) streams; sediment quality; water quality ID COLORADO; STREAMS; METALS; WATER; SEDIMENT; SURFACE; RIVER; USA AB Geologic processes strongly influence water and sediment quality in aquatic ecosystems but rarely are geologic principles incorporated into routine biomonitoring studies. We test if elevated concentrations of metals in water and sediment are restricted to streams downstream of mines or areas that may discharge mine wastes. We surveyed 198 catchments classified as "historically mined'' or "unmined,'' and based on mineral-deposit criteria, to determine whether water and sediment quality were influenced by naturally occurring mineralized rock, by historical mining, or by a combination of both. By accounting for different geologic sources of metals to the environment, we were able to distinguish aquatic ecosystems limited by metals derived from natural processes from those due to mining. Elevated concentrations of metals in water and sediment were not restricted to mined catchments; depauperate aquatic communities were found in unmined catchments. The type and intensity of hydrothermal alteration and the mineral deposit type were important determinants of water and sediment quality as well as the aquatic community in both mined and unmined catchments. This study distinguished the effects of different rock types and geologic sources of metals on ecosystems by incorporating basic geologic processes into reference and baseline site selection, resulting in a refined assessment. Our results indicate that biomonitoring studies should account for natural sources of metals in some geologic environments as contributors to the effect of mines on aquatic ecosystems, recognizing that in mining-impacted drainages there may have been high pre-mining background metal concentrations. C1 [Schmidt, Travis S.; Wanty, Richard B.; Verplanck, Philip L.; Church, Stanley E.; San Juan, Carma A.; Fey, David L.; Rockwell, Barnaby W.; DeWitt, Ed H.; Klein, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Clements, William H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Schmidt, TS (reprint author), Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tschmidt@usgs.gov RI Clements, William/N-2686-2016 FU USGS; U.S. EPA STAR [R829640]; USDA FX Jill Baron and Bob Eppinger provided insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the USGS and the U.S. EPA STAR program (grant number R829640). Travis S. Schmidt was funded by a USDA National Needs Fellowship and a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship. Katy Mitchell, Monique Adams, Michael W. Anthony, James G. Crock, Luke McEachron, Caitlin Balch-Burnett, Sage Betts, Jamie Brennan, Pete Cadmus, Joe Connery, Sigrid Gustafson, Mike Hill, Alicia Louie, Sarah Russell, Dan Scott, David Schnake, David Shaffer, Therese Tepe, Jamie Thayer, and Adam Thompson provided valued project support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 870 EP 879 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932SY UT WOS:000303312000011 PM 22645817 ER PT J AU Robinson, SJ Samuel, MD Johnson, CJ Adams, M McKenzie, DI AF Robinson, Stacie J. Samuel, Michael D. Johnson, Chad J. Adams, Marie McKenzie, Debbie I. TI Emerging prion disease drives host selection in a wildlife population SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian modeling; chronic wasting disease (CWD); disease-driven selection; epidemiology; evolution; infection rate; mortality rate; population dynamics; prion disease; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); white-tailed deer; wildlife disease ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; RANGING MULE DEER; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; PROTEIN GENOTYPE; SHEEP; SUSCEPTIBILITY; WISCONSIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as an important force driving population dynamics, conservation biology, and natural selection in wildlife populations. Infectious agents have been implicated in the decline of small or endangered populations and may act to constrain population size, distribution, growth rates, or migration patterns. Further, diseases may provide selective pressures that shape the genetic diversity of populations or species. Thus, understanding disease dynamics and selective pressures from pathogens is crucial to understanding population processes, managing wildlife diseases, and conserving biological diversity. There is ample evidence that variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) impacts host susceptibility to prion diseases. Still, little is known about how genetic differences might influence natural selection within wildlife populations. Here we link genetic variation with differential susceptibility of white-tailed deer to chronic wasting disease (CWD), with implications for fitness and disease-driven genetic selection. We developed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay to efficiently genotype deer at the locus of interest (in the 96th codon of the PRNP gene). Then, using a Bayesian modeling approach, we found that the more susceptible genotype had over four times greater risk of CWD infection; and, once infected, deer with the resistant genotype survived 49% longer (8.25 more months). We used these epidemiological parameters in a multi-stage population matrix model to evaluate relative fitness based on genotype-specific population growth rates. The differences in disease infection and mortality rates allowed genetically resistant deer to achieve higher population growth and obtain a long-term fitness advantage, which translated into a selection coefficient of over 1% favoring the CWD-resistant genotype. This selective pressure suggests that the resistant allele could become dominant in the population within an evolutionarily short time frame. Our work provides a rare example of a quantifiable disease-driven selection process in a wildlife population, demonstrating the potential for infectious diseases to alter host populations. This will have direct bearing on the epidemiology, dynamics, and future trends in CWD transmission and spread. Understanding genotype-specific epidemiology will improve predictive models and inform management strategies for CWD-affected cervid populations. C1 [Robinson, Stacie J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Johnson, Chad J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Adams, Marie] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Biotechnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McKenzie, Debbie I.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Robinson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Room 208 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM stacie.j.robinson@gmail.com RI McKenzie, Debbie/G-4459-2015 OI McKenzie, Debbie/0000-0002-9291-6977 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Hatch grant FX We thank the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and particularly those at the Black Earth sample archive facility. Thanks also to all laboratory technicians and staff at the University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Core Facility. Our manuscript benefited from comments on previous drafts from Julie Blanchong, Mary Conner, and Judd Aiken. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and a Hatch grant. Note that any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 53 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1050 EP 1059 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932SY UT WOS:000303312000025 PM 22645831 ER PT J AU Boyles, JG Verant, ML Waldrep, W Wibbelt, G Blehert, DS AF Boyles, J. G. Verant, M. L. Waldrep, W., Jr. Wibbelt, G. Blehert, D. S. TI Temperature-dependent growth performance of Geomyces destructans >, the fungus associated with white-nose syndrome in bats SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Wisc, Madison, WI USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Berlin, Germany. USGS Natl WIldlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM jgboyles@utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E19 EP E19 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165000074 ER PT J AU Komoroske, LM Bowen, L Miles, AK AF Komoroske, Lisa M. Bowen, Lizabeth Miles, A. Keith TI BIOMARKER DEVELOPMENT TO EXAMINE SUBLETHAL IMPACTS OF POLLUTANTS IN MARINE TURTLES SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 [Komoroske, Lisa M.; Bowen, Lizabeth; Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. EM lmkomoroske@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E278 EP E278 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165002019 ER PT J AU Mccormick, SD Regish, AM Christensen, AK Bjornsson, BT AF Mccormick, S. D. Regish, A. M. Christensen, A. K. Bjornsson, B. T. TI Na,K-ATPase Isoform Switching is Critical for the Development of Salinity Tolerance in Juvenile Atlantic Salmon SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, Turners Falls, MA USA. Univ Goteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E293 EP E293 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165002077 ER PT J AU Mcivor, CC AF Mcivor, C. C. TI Community ecology of mangrove rivulus at two west Florida locations SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 [Mcivor, C. C.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. EM carole_mcivor@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E294 EP E294 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165002081 ER PT J AU Norris, DO Vajda, AM Barber, LB Schoenfuss, HL AF Norris, D. O. Vajda, A. M. Barber, L. B. Schoenfuss, H. L. TI Impacts of neuroactive and estrogenic chemicals in wastewater effluents on behavior and reproduction in freshwater fishes SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. St Cloud Univ, St Cloud, MN USA. EM david.norris@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E130 EP E130 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165000520 ER PT J AU Peters, JP Wolf, N Stricker, CA Collier, TR Martinez Del Rio, C AF Peters, J. P. Wolf, N. Stricker, C. A. Collier, T. R. Martinez Del Rio, C. TI Trophic and metamorphic discrimination of hydrogen isotopes in cabbages (Brassica oleracea) and cabbage loopers (Trichoplusia ni): Implications for stable isotope ecology SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 [Peters, J. P.; Wolf, N.; Stricker, C. A.; Collier, T. R.; Martinez Del Rio, C.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jpeter50@uwyo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E309 EP E309 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165002141 ER PT J AU Stahlschmidt, ZR Butler, MW Ardia, DR Davies, S Davis, JR Guillette, LJ Johnson, N McCormick, SD McGraw, KJ Denardo, DF AF Stahlschmidt, Z. R. Butler, M. W. Ardia, D. R. Davies, S. Davis, J. R. Guillette, L. J. Johnson, N. McCormick, S. D. McGraw, K. J. Denardo, D. F. TI Thermal performance of innate immunity in vertebrates SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Franklin & Marshall Coll, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. Rhodes Coll, Memphis, TN USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM zrs@dal.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E167 EP E167 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165001133 ER PT J AU Therrien, S Carr, C Wells-Berlin, A AF Therrien, Sara Carr, Catherine Wells-Berlin, Alicia TI Auditory Brainstem Response in Sea Ducks and Diving Ducks SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. EM therrien@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E174 EP E174 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165001164 ER PT J AU Whiteman, JP Harlow, HJ Ben-David, M Durner, GM AF Whiteman, John P. Harlow, Henry J. Ben-David, Merav Durner, George M. TI Polar bears may depress body temperature and metabolic rate during summer SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 [Whiteman, John P.; Harlow, Henry J.; Ben-David, Merav; Durner, George M.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jwhitema@uwyo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E191 EP E191 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165001231 ER PT J AU Walsh, HL Iwanowicz, LR Glenney, GW Iwanowicz, DD Blazer, VS AF Walsh, Heather L. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Glenney, Gavin W. Iwanowicz, Deborah D. Blazer, Vicki S. TI DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW GILL MYXOZOANS FROM SMALLMOUTH (MICROPTERUS DOLOMIEU) AND LARGEMOUTH (MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES) BASS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALGONQUIAN-PARK; N-SP; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; MYXOBOLUS MYXOZOA; GENUS MYXOBOLUS; MYXOSPOREA; PHYLOGENY; FISH; MORPHOLOGY; PARASITES AB Two previously undescribed species of myxozoan parasites were observed in the gills of bass inhabiting the Potomac and James River basins. They are described using morphological characteristics and small-subunit (SSU) rDNA gene sequences. Both were taxonomically identified as new species of Myxobolus; Myxobolus branchiarum n. sp. was found exclusively in smallmouth bass, and Myxobolus micropterii n. sp. was found in largemouth and smallmouth bass. Small, spherical, white plasmodia of M. branchiarum from smallmouth bass were observed grossly in the gills; these plasmodia had an average length of 320.3 mu m and width of 246.1 mu m. The development of the plasmodia is intralamellar in the secondary lamellae of the gills. Mature spores were pyriform in shape with a length of 12.8 +/- 1.4 (8.1-15.1) mu m and width of 6.9 +/- 1.1 (4.0-9.0) mu m. Analysis of SSU rDNA identified M. branchiarum in a sister-group to 3 species of Henneguya, although morphologically caudal appendages were absent. Myxobolus micropterii observed in the gills of largemouth and smallmouth bass had larger, ovoid, cream-colored plasmodia with an average length of 568.1 mu m and width of 148.1 mu m. The cysts developed at the distal end of the gill filament within the primary lamellae. The mature spores were ovoid in shape with a length of 10.8 +/- 0.7 (9.2-12.2) mu m and width of 10.6 +/- 0.6 (9.0-11.8) mu m. SSU rDNA analysis placed M. micropterii in a sister group with Henneguya lobosa and Myxobolus oliveirai. The highest prevalence of M. branchiarum was observed in the gills of bass collected from the Cowpasture River (50.9%). Prevalence was 44.6% in bass from the Potomac River and only 4.3% in bass collected from the Shenandoah River. A seasonal study of M. branchiarum, which included both infected and uninfected smallmouth bass, determined that a significantly higher intensity was observed in the spring than in the summer (P < 0.001) or fall (P = 0.004). In an analysis excluding uninfected bass, a higher intensity was observed in the spring than in the summer (P = 0.001) or fall (P = 0.008). Prevalence and seasonal differences were not determined for M. micropterii. C1 [Walsh, Heather L.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.; Glenney, Gavin W.; Iwanowicz, Deborah D.; Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Walsh, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM hwalsh@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems program; Chesapeake Bay Priority Fisheries program FX This study was funded by the Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems and Fisheries programs. We would like to thank histology technicians Kathy Spring and Darlene Bowling from the USGS National Fish Health Research Laboratory for their technical laboratory support, David Speare, Atlantic Veterinary College, for assistance with electron microscopy, and Jim Hedrick of the West Virginia Department of Natural Resources and Steve Reeser of the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries and their electroshocking crews for the collection of smallmouth bass. We also appreciate the critical reviews provided by Robin Overstreet and John Fournie. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 98 IS 2 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1645/GE-2918.1 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 932FL UT WOS:000303275700028 PM 22060822 ER PT J AU Mumma, SA Whitlock, C Pierce, K AF Mumma, Stephanie Ann Whitlock, Cathy Pierce, Kenneth TI A 28,000 year history of vegetation and climate from Lower Red Rock Lake, Centennial Valley, Southwestern Montana, USA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pinedale glaciation; Paleoecology; Vegetation history; Pseudotsuga migration; Lower Red Rock Lake; Centennial Valley ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; YOUNGER DRYAS; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; MODERN POLLEN; MOUNTAINS; YELLOWSTONE; RANGE; FIRE; SEDIMENTS AB A sediment core extending to 28,000 cal yr BP from Lower Red Rock Lake in the Centennial Valley of southwestern Montana provides new information on the nature of full-glacial vegetation as well as a history of late-glacial and Holocene vegetation and climate in a poorly studied region. Prior to 17,000 cal yr BP, the eastern Centennial Valley was occupied by a large lake (Pleistocene Lake Centennial), and valley glaciers were present in adjacent mountain ranges. The lake lowered upon erosion of a newly formed western outlet in late-glacial time. High pollen percentages of Juniperus, Poaceae, Asteraceae, and other herbs as well as low pollen accumulation rates suggest sparse vegetation cover. Inferred cold dry conditions are consistent with a strengthened glacial anticyclone at this time. Between 17,000 and 10,500 cal yr BP, high Picea and Abies pollen percentages suggest a shift to subalpine parkland and warmer conditions than before. This is attributed to the northward shift of the jet stream and increasing summer insolation. From 10,500 to 7100 cal yr BP, pollen evidence of open dry forests suggests warm conditions, which were likely a response to increased summer insolation and a strengthened Pacific subtropical high-pressure system. From 7100 to 2400 cal yr BP, cooler moister conditions promoted closed forest and wetlands. Increases in Picea and Abies pollen percentages after 2400 cal yr BP suggest increasing effective moisture. The postglacial pattern of Pseudotsuga expansion indicates that it arrived later on the Atlantic side of the Continental Divide than on the Pacific side. The Divide may have been a physical barrier for refugial populations or it delimited different climate regions that influenced the timing of Pseudotsuga expansion. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mumma, Stephanie Ann; Whitlock, Cathy] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Pierce, Kenneth] US Geol Survey No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Mumma, SA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM smumma@ucsd.edu; whitlock@montana.edu; kpierce@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0818467, DGE-0440594 (GK-12)]; USGS CRISP FX The research was supported by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-0818467 and funding from the USGS CRISP Program. NSF DGE-0440594 (GK-12) provided graduate support for S. Mumma. The critical radiocarbon ages were all done by Jack McGeehin of the U.S. Geological Survey. Shannon Mahan provided the OSL age. We appreciate assistance of N. Korb, K. McNamara, R. Sodja, H. Buxton in the field, and M. Huerta in the lab. P. Higuera and C. Briles helped with age model development and data interpretation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 326 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.036 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 926SK UT WOS:000302851200003 ER PT J AU Kelley, SW AF Kelley, Samuel W. TI AGE AND GROWTH OF SPAWNING LONGNOSE GAR (LEPISOSTEUS OSSEUS) IN A NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS RESERVOIR SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SPOTTED GAR; FISH; BIOMARKERS; OCULATUS; LIVER AB The longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) is a primitive predaceous fish common throughout much of the east central United States, but research on its age and growth in lacustrine systems is rare. To characterize gar age and growth, I used bowfishing to collect spawning longnose gar in spring 2010 from littoral zones at Lake Arrowhead, Clay County, Texas. Females were older than males but significantly exceeded males in total length and mass when age was controlled. Von Bertalanffy growth curves suggested that males had faster growth rates, smaller maximum lengths, and shorter life spans than did females. However, females were always longer than males at any given age. Bowfishing capture beyond distances of 9 m was biased toward larger fish, bill the method was viable for collecting spawning longnose gar at close range. This study will assist fisheries managers and aquaculturists by providing growth-age relationships for longnose gar in a southern lacustrine system. C1 US Geol Survey, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA. RP Kelley, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3010 Buchanan St, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA. EM skelley@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2012 VL 72 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 930KU UT WOS:000303139100008 ER PT J AU Weil, RE Spade, DJ Knoebl, I Hemming, JM Tongue, ML Szabo, NJ Kroll, KJ Tate, WB Denslow, ND AF Weil, R. E. Spade, D. J. Knoebl, I. Hemming, J. M. Tongue, M. L. Szabo, N. J. Kroll, K. J. Tate, W. B. Denslow, N. D. TI Evaluation of water quality threats to the endangered Okaloosa darter (Etheostoma okaloosae) in East Turkey Creek on Eglin Air Force Base SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Okaloosa darter; Etheostoma okaloosae; Wastewater effluent; Microarrays; Passive samplers ID CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; MICROARRAY DATA; TOXICITY; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; EFFLUENTS; POTOMAC; TESTS; USA AB The threatened Okaloosa darter (Etheostoma okaloosae) is found almost exclusively on the Eglin Air Force Base in the Choctawhatchee Bay watershed of Florida. Portions of this limited habitat are threatened with soil erosion, altered hydrology, and impaired water quality. In the present study, general water quality parameters (i.e., dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, pH, temperature, relative turbidity, and primary productivity) were characterized in East Turkey Creek, which is a body of water potentially impacted by treated wastewater sprayfields, and Long Creek, an adjacent reference stream that does not border the sprayfields. Water quality was assessed during a 30-day exposure using passive samplers for both non-polar and polar effluent parameters. Because the Okaloosa darter was listed as endangered at the time of sampling we chose a closely related species from the same creeks, the sailfin shiner (Pteronotropis hypseleotris) in which to measure metal body burdens. Additionally, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were used for microarray analysis on gonad and liver tissues after 48 h exposures to water collected from the two creeks and brought into the laboratory. Waters from all sites, including reference sites, affected the expression of genes related to various biological processes including transcription and translation, cell cycle control, metabolism, and signaling pathways, suggesting that the sum of anthropogenic compounds in the site waters may cause a generalized stress response in both liver and testis, an effect that could be related to the generally low populations of the Okaloosa darter. Furthermore, effects of site waters on fish gene expression may be related to the impact of human activities other than the wastewater sprayfields, as nearby areas are closed to the public for military testing, training, and administrative activities and due to ordnance contamination. (C) 2012 Elseviei B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Weil, R. E.; Spade, D. J.; Knoebl, I.; Kroll, K. J.; Denslow, N. D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Weil, R. E.; Spade, D. J.; Knoebl, I.; Kroll, K. J.; Denslow, N. D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hemming, J. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL USA. [Tongue, M. L.; Tate, W. B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries Resources Off, Niceville, FL USA. [Szabo, N. J.] Univ Florida, Analyt Toxicol Core Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Denslow, ND (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, POB 110885, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ndenslow@ufl.edu FU Research Work Order 247 on the FL Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; US Geological Survey; University of Florida; FL Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This work was supported by Research Work Order 247 on the FL Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (US Geological Survey, University of Florida, FL Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). We would like to thank Li Liu for expert help with the fathead minnow annotation and microarray design and Carolyn Diaz for analytical analyses. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 110 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.01.007 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 926MT UT WOS:000302835900021 PM 22326655 ER PT J AU Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Klimstra, JD Stebbins, KR AF Heinz, Gary H. Hoffman, David J. Klimstra, Jon D. Stebbins, Katherine R. TI A Comparison of the Teratogenicity of Methylmercury and Selenomethionine Injected Into Bird Eggs SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; METHYL MERCURY; AQUATIC BIRDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AMERICAN KESTRELS; HEAVY-METALS; SELENIUM; MALLARDS; DUCKS; CONTAMINATION AB Methylmercury chloride and seleno-L-methionine were injected separately or in combinations into the fertile eggs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus), and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), and the incidence and types of teratogenic effects were recorded. For all three species, selenomethionine alone caused more deformities than did methylmercury alone. When mallard eggs were injected with the lowest dose of selenium (Se) alone (0.1 mu g/g), 28 of 44 embryos and hatchlings were deformed, whereas when eggs were injected with the lowest dose of mercury (Hg) alone (0.2 mu g/g), only 1 of 56 embryos or hatchlings was deformed. Mallard embryos seemed to be more sensitive to the teratogenic effects of Se than chicken embryos: 0 of 15 chicken embryos or hatchlings from eggs injected with 0.1 mu g/g Se exhibited deformities. Sample sizes were small with double-crested cormorant eggs, but they also seemed to be less sensitive to the teratogenic effects of Se than mallard eggs. There were no obvious differences among species regarding Hg-induced deformities. Overall, few interactions were apparent between methylmercury and selenomethionine with respect to the types of deformities observed. However, the deformities spina bifida and craniorachischisis were observed only when Hg and Se were injected in combination. One paradoxical finding was that some doses of methylmercury seemed to counteract the negative effect selenomethionine had on hatching of eggs while at the same time enhancing the negative effect selenomethionine had on creating deformities. When either methylmercury or selenomethionine is injected into avian eggs, deformities start to occur at much lower concentrations than when the Hg or Se is deposited naturally in the egg by the mother. C1 [Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.; Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gheinz@usgs.gov FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12]; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (Grant No. ERP-02D-C12) with additional support from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank Kevin Kenow and Collin EaglesSmith for earlier reviews of the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 62 IS 3 BP 519 EP 528 DI 10.1007/s00244-011-9717-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 926CR UT WOS:000302809400016 PM 22042039 ER PT J AU White, TH Collar, NJ Moorhouse, RJ Sanz, V Stolen, ED Brightsmith, DJ AF White, Thomas H., Jr. Collar, Nigel J. Moorhouse, Ron J. Sanz, Virginia Stolen, Eric D. Brightsmith, Donald J. TI Psittacine reintroductions: Common denominators of success SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Psittacidae; Reintroduction; Habitat quality; Supplementary feeding; Predation; SWOT analysis ID KAKAPO STRIGOPS-HABROPTILUS; ARA-ARARAUNA; PARROTS; TRANSLOCATION; BIRD; CONSERVATION; INTRODUCTIONS; REANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; VIGILANCE AB With 28% of the 350 species of parrots considered threatened, numerous conservation efforts have been initiated for these species. Among these, the restoration or establishment of new populations has increasingly relied on reintroductions as a conservation strategy, often with mixed or uncertain results. We reviewed the results and methodologies of 47 distinct releases and reintroductions of psittacines in nine different countries worldwide over the past 25 years to identify common denominators of successful efforts. To do so, we established a uniform and objective definition of reintroduction success (first-year survival >0.50 and released birds breeding with conspecifics, either captive-reared or wild), and applied generalized linear models and information-theoretic model selection to multiple datasets to identify important predictor variables. We identified several likely predictors of successful psittacine reintroductions, relating to predation mitigation, habitat quality, and post-release supplementation that may provide guidance for future efforts. We also advocate SWOT analysis for objectively evaluating the suitability of potential reintroduction sites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [White, Thomas H., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. [Collar, Nigel J.] BirdLife Int, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. [Moorhouse, Ron J.] Dept Conservat, Kakapo Programme, Nelson, New Zealand. [Sanz, Virginia] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas, Venezuela. [Stolen, Eric D.] Ecol Programs, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Brightsmith, Donald J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Schubot Exot Bird Hlth Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP White, TH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, POB 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. EM thomas_white@fws.gov OI Brightsmith, Donald/0000-0002-3306-6490 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX The senior author thanks the United States Fish and Wildlife Service - Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program for support during this study. We are also grateful to Paul Reillo, Daniel Oro, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved earlier versions of the manuscript. Most importantly, we thank all the innumerable persons who have worked diligently over the years to bring to fruition the reintroductions examined in this study. NR 88 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 114 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2012 VL 148 IS 1 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.01.044 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926OG UT WOS:000302840100012 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, RJ Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Wagner, DL Fleck, RJ Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC Clahan, K Allen, JR AF McLaughlin, Robert J. Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. Wagner, David L. Fleck, Robert J. Langenheim, Victoria E. Jachens, Robert C. Clahan, Kevin Allen, James R. TI Evolution of the Rodgers Creek-Maacama right-lateral fault system and associated basins east of the northward-migrating Mendocino Triple Junction, northern California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; WEST-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; NORTHWESTWARDLY YOUNGER AGE; COAST RANGE OPHIOLITE; CASCADIA FORE-ARC; PULL-APART BASINS; PLATE BOUNDARY; GREAT-VALLEY; VOLCANIC-ROCKS AB The Rodgers Creek-Maacama fault system in the northern California Coast Ranges (United States) takes up substantial right-lateral motion within the wide transform boundary between the Pacific and North American plates, over a slab window that has opened northward beneath the Coast Ranges. The fault system evolved in several right steps and splays preceded and accompanied by extension, volcanism, and strike-slip basin development. Fault and basin geometries have changed with time, in places with younger basins and faults overprinting older structures. Along-strike and successional changes in fault and basin geometry at the southern end of the fault system probably are adjustments to frequent fault zone re organizations in response to Mendocino Triple Junction migration and northward transit of a major releasing bend in the northern San Andreas fault. The earliest Rodgers Creek fault zone displacement is interpreted to have occurred ca. 7 Ma along extensional basin-forming faults that splayed northwest from a west-northwest proto-Hayward fault zone, opening a transtensional basin west of Santa Rosa. After ca. 5 Ma, the early transtensional basin was compressed and extensional faults were reactivated as thrusts that uplifted the northeast side of the basin. After ca. 2.78 Ma, the Rodgers Creek fault zone again splayed from the earlier extensional and thrust faults to steeper dipping faults with more north-northwest orientations. In conjunction with the changes in orientation and slip mode, the Rodgers Creek fault zone dextral slip rate increased from similar to 2-4 mm/yr 7-3 Ma, to 5-8 mm/yr after 3 Ma. The Maacama fault zone is shown from several data sets to have initiated ca. 3.2 Ma and has slipped right-laterally at similar to 5-8 mm/yr since its initiation. The initial Maacama fault zone splayed northeastward from the south end of the Rodgers Creek fault zone, accompanied by the opening of several strike-slip basins, some of which were later uplifted and compressed during late-stage fault zone reorganization. The Santa Rosa pull-apart basin formed ca. 1 Ma, during the reorganization of the right stepover geometry of the Rodgers Creek-Maacama fault system, when the maturely evolved overlapping geometry of the northern Rodgers Creek and Maacama fault zones was overprinted by a less evolved, non-overlapping stepover geometry. The Rodgers Creek-Maacama fault system has contributed at least 44-53 km of right-lateral displacement to the East Bay fault system south of San Pablo Bay since 7 Ma, at a minimum rate of 6.1-7.8 mm/yr. C1 [McLaughlin, Robert J.; Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M.; Fleck, Robert J.; Langenheim, Victoria E.; Jachens, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wagner, David L.] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Clahan, Kevin] Calif Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Allen, James R.] Calif State Univ E Bay, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. RP McLaughlin, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 87 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2012 VL 8 IS 2 BP 342 EP 373 DI 10.1130/GES00682.1 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 925NK UT WOS:000302767800006 ER PT J AU Gold, PO Cowgill, E Kreylos, O Gold, RD AF Gold, Peter O. Cowgill, Eric Kreylos, Oliver Gold, Ryan D. TI A terrestrial lidar-based workflow for determining three-dimensional slip vectors and associated uncertainties SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID LASER SCANNER; SURFACE; FAULT; VISUALIZATION; OUTCROP; MODELS; DISPLACEMENT; EARTHQUAKE; VALLEY AB Three-dimensional (3D) slip vectors re corded by displaced landforms are difficult to constrain across complex fault zones, and the uncertainties associated with such measurements become increasingly challenging to assess as landforms degrade over time. We approach this problem from a remote sensing perspective by using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and 3D structural analysis. We have developed an integrated TLS data collection and point-based analysis workflow that incorporates accurate assessments of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties using experimental surveys, Monte Carlo simulations, and iterative site reconstructions. Our scanning workflow and equipment requirements are optimized for single-operator surveying, and our data analysis process is largely completed using new point-based computing tools in an immersive 3D virtual reality environment. In a case study, we measured slip vector orientations at two sites along the rupture trace of the 1954 Dixie Valley earthquake (central Nevada, United States), yielding measurements that are the first direct constraints on the 3D slip vector for this event. These observations are consistent with a previous approximation of net extension direction for this event. We find that errors introduced by variables in our survey method result in <2.5 cm of variability in components of displacement, and are eclipsed by the 10-60 cm epistemic errors introduced by reconstructing the field sites to their pre-erosion geometries. Although the higher resolution TLS data sets enabled visualization and data interactivity critical for reconstructing the 3D slip vector and for assessing uncertainties, dense topographic constraints alone were not sufficient to significantly narrow the wide (<26 degrees) range of allowable slip vector orientations that resulted from accounting for epistemic uncertainties. C1 [Gold, Peter O.; Cowgill, Eric] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cowgill, Eric; Kreylos, Oliver] Univ Calif Davis, WM Keck Ctr Act Visualizat Earth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kreylos, Oliver] Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gold, Ryan D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gold, PO (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pogold@ucdavis.edu RI Gold, Ryan/I-3287-2012 OI Gold, Ryan/0000-0002-4464-6394 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0610107, OCI-0753407]; W.M. Keck Foundation; University of California Davis; Geological Society of America; UC Davis Department of Geology FX This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0610107 and OCI-0753407, the W.M. Keck Foundation, the University of California Davis, the Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant Program, and the UC Davis Department of Geology Durrell Fund. We thank Kurt Frankel, George Hilley, Doug Walker, and Rich Briggs for their comments, which greatly improved this manuscript. Previous versions of this manuscript benefited from reviews by Mike Oskin and Sarah Roeske. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2012 VL 8 IS 2 BP 431 EP 442 DI 10.1130/GES00714.1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 925NK UT WOS:000302767800011 ER PT J AU Cornet, T Bourgeois, O Le Mouelic, S Rodriguez, S Gonzalez, TL Sotin, C Tobie, G Fleurant, C Barnes, JW Brown, RH Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Cornet, T. Bourgeois, O. Le Mouelic, S. Rodriguez, S. Gonzalez, T. Lopez Sotin, C. Tobie, G. Fleurant, C. Barnes, J. W. Brown, R. H. Baines, K. H. Buratti, B. J. Clark, R. N. Nicholson, P. D. TI Geomorphological significance of Ontario Lacus on Titan: Integrated interpretation of Cassini VIMS, ISS and RADAR data and comparison with the Etosha Pan (Namibia) SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Satellites, Surfaces; Titan; Geological processes; Infrared observations; Radar observations ID COUPLING PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PLANETARY SCIENCE; HAZE FORMATION; METHANE CYCLE; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; LAKES; INSTRUMENT; EVOLUTION; RAIN AB Ontario Lacus is the largest lake of the whole southern hemisphere of Titan, Saturn's major moon. It has been imaged twice by each of the Cassini imaging systems (Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) in 2004 and 2005, Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) in 2007 and 2009 and RADAR in 2009 and 2010). We compile a geomorphological map and derive a "hydrogeological" interpretation of Ontario Lacus, based on a joint analysis of ISS. VIMS and RADAR SAR datasets, along with the T49 altimetric profile acquired in December 2008. The morphologies observed on Ontario Lacus are compared to landforms of a semi-arid terrestrial analog, which resembles Titan's lakes: the Etosha Pan, located in the Owambo Basin (Namibia). The Etosha Pan is a flat-floored depression formed by dissolution, under semi-arid conditions, of a surface evaporitic layer (calcretes) controlled by groundwater vertical motions. We infer that Ontario Lacus is an extremely flat and shallow depression lying in an alluvial plain surrounded by small mountain ranges under climatic conditions similar to those of terrestrial semi-arid regions. Channels are seen in the southern part of Ontario Lacus in VIMS and RADAR data, acquired at a 2-years time interval. Their constancy in location with time implies that the southern portion of the depression is probably not fully covered by a liquid layer at the time of the observations, and that they most probably run on the floor of the depression. A shallow layer of surface liquids, corresponding to the darkest portions of the RADAR images, would thus cover about 53% of the surface area of the depression, of which almost 70% is located in its northern part. These liquid-covered parts of the depression, where liquid ethane was previously identified, are interpreted as topographic lows where the "alkanofer" raises above the depression floor. The rest of the depression, and mostly its southern part, is interpreted as a flat and smooth exposed floor, likely composed of a thick and liquid-saturated coating of photon-absorbing materials in the infrared. This hypothesis could explain its dark appearance both in the infrared and radar data and the persistence of channels seen on the depression floor over the time. Shorelines are observed on the border of Ontario Lacus suggesting past high-stand levels of the alkanofer table. The analogy with the Etosha Pan suggests that Ontario Lacus' depression developed at the expense of a soluble layer covering the region. Dissolution of this layer would be controlled by vertical motions of the alkanofer table over the time. During flooding events, liquid hydrocarbons covering the depression floor would dissolve the surface layer, increasing progressively the diameter of the depression on geological timescales. During drought episodes, liquid hydrocarbons of the underground alkanofer would evaporate, leading to crystallization of "evaporites" in the pores and at the surface of the substratum, and to the formation of the regional soluble layer. The presence of specific landforms (lunette dunes or evaporites) is compatible with such evaporitic regional settings. Alternatively, but not exclusively, the surface soluble layer might have formed by accumulation on the ground of soluble compounds formed in the atmosphere. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cornet, T.; Bourgeois, O.; Le Mouelic, S.; Sotin, C.; Tobie, G.] Univ Nantes, Fac Sci & Tech, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR 6112,CNRS, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. [Rodriguez, S.] Ctr Orme Merisiers, IRFU Sap, Ctr Etud Saclay, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gonzalez, T. Lopez] Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, UMR 5277, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Sotin, C.; Baines, K. H.; Buratti, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fleurant, C.] Agrocampus Ouest Ctr Angers Inst Natl Hort & Pays, F-49045 Angers 01, France. [Barnes, J. W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cornet, T (reprint author), Univ Nantes, Fac Sci & Tech, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR 6112,CNRS, 2 Rue Houssiniere,BP92208, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. EM Thomas.Cornet@univ-nantes.fr RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016; Cornet, Thomas/E-7539-2017 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641; Cornet, Thomas/0000-0001-5971-0056 FU CNES (France); Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU, France); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, France) FX The authors want to thank Stephen Wall, Alexander Hayes and an anonymous reviewer for useful comments on the manuscript. They also want to thank Dr. Martin Hipondoka for interesting discussions about the Etosha pan geology. The authors appreciate financial support provided by CNES (France), the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU Programme National de Planetologie and Programme Reliefs, France) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR project Exoclimat, France). ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA. The Envisat ASAR image has been provided by the European Space Agency (c) ESA 2009, ESA (R). The MODIS image has been provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Agency NASA/GSFC, MODIS Rapid Response. Part of this work has been conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA. NR 92 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD APR PY 2012 VL 218 IS 2 BP 788 EP 806 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.01.013 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 927BV UT WOS:000302882800005 ER PT J AU Clark, RN Cruikshank, DP Jaumann, R Brown, RH Stephan, K Ore, CMD Livo, KE Pearson, N Curchin, JM Hoefen, TM Buratti, BJ Filacchione, G Baines, KH Nicholson, PD AF Clark, Roger N. Cruikshank, Dale P. Jaumann, Ralf Brown, Robert H. Stephan, Katrin Ore, Cristina Morea Dalle Livo, K. Eric Pearson, Neil Curchin, John M. Hoefen, Todd M. Buratti, Bonnie J. Filacchione, Gianrico Baines, Kevin H. Nicholson, Philip D. TI The surface composition of Iapetus: Mapping results from Cassini VIMS SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Iapetus; Saturn, Satellites; Spectroscopy; Satellites, Composition; Ices, IR spectroscopy ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DARK MATERIAL; E-RING; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; GALILEAN SATELLITES; SATURNS SATELLITES; ENCELADUS SURFACE; ALBEDO DICHOTOMY; MU-M; PHOEBE AB Cassini VIMS has obtained spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy data on numerous satellites of Saturn. A very close fly-by of Iapetus on September 10, 2007 provided the best data on the spectral signature and spatial extent of dark material on Iapetus. This Cassini Rev 49 Iapetus fly-by provided spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy data of the dark material and the leading/trailing side transition from the dark material to visually bright ice on the trailing side. Compositional mapping and radiative transfer modeling shows that the dark material is composed of metallic iron, nano-size iron oxide (hematite), CO2, H2O ice, and possible signatures of ammonia, bound water, H-2 or OH-bearing minerals, trace organics, and as yet unidentified materials. CO2 indicates a pattern of increasing CO2 strength from the leading side apex to the transition zone to the icy trailing side. A Rayleigh scattering peak in the visible part of the spectrum indicates the dark material has a large component of fine, sub-0.5-mu m diameter particles consistent with nanophase hematite and nanophase iron. Spectral signatures of ice also indicate that sub-0.5-mu m diameter particles are present in the icy regions. Multiple lines of evidence point to an external origin for the dark material on Iapetus, including the global spatial pattern of dark material, local patterns including crater and cliff walls shielding implantation on slopes facing away from the leading side, exposing clean ice, and slopes facing the leading direction which show higher abundances of dark material. Multiple Spectral features and overall spectral shape of the dark material on Iapetus match those seen on Phoebe, Hyperion, Dione, Epimetheus, Saturn's rings Cassini Division, and the F-ring implying the material has a common composition throughout the Saturn system. The dark material appears to have significant components of nanophase metallic iron and nanophase hematite contributing to the observed UV absorption. The blue scattering peak with a strong UV-visible absorption is observed in spectra of all satellites that contain dark material, again pointing to a common origin of contamination by metallic iron that is partially oxidized. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Clark, Roger N.; Livo, K. Eric; Pearson, Neil; Curchin, John M.; Hoefen, Todd M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cruikshank, Dale P.; Ore, Cristina Morea Dalle] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Jaumann, Ralf; Stephan, Katrin] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Filacchione, Gianrico] INAF IAPS, Area Ric Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ore, Cristina Morea Dalle] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Clark, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS964,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rclark@usgs.gov OI Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055 FU NASA FX Work for this paper was funded by the NASA Cassini project. Some laboratory spectra for this study were obtained with NASA Cassini Data Analysis Program funding, R. Clark, PI. NR 73 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD APR PY 2012 VL 218 IS 2 BP 831 EP 860 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.01.008 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 927BV UT WOS:000302882800008 ER PT J AU Abramov, O Wong, SM Kring, DA AF Abramov, Oleg Wong, Stephanie M. Kring, David A. TI Differential melt scaling for oblique impacts on terrestrial planets SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Impact processes; Geophysics; Earth; Moon; Mars ID CHICXULUB CRATER; VAPORIZATION; SEDIMENTS; GRAVITY; RECORD; MEXICO; LUNAR; CRUST AB Analytical estimates of melt volumes produced by a given projectile and contained in a given impact crater are derived as a function of impact velocity, impact angle, planetary gravity, target and projectile densities, and specific internal energy of melting. Applications to impact events and impact craters on the Earth, Moon, and Mars are demonstrated and discussed. The most probable oblique impact (45 degrees) produces similar to 1.6 times less melt volume than a vertical impact, and similar to 1.6 and 3.7 times more melt volume than impacts with 30 degrees and 15 degrees trajectories, respectively. The melt volume for a particular crater diameter increases with planetary gravity, so a crater on Earth should have more melt than similar-size craters on Mars and the Moon. The melt volume for a particular projectile diameter does not depend on gravity, but has a strong dependence on impact velocity, so the melt generated by a given projectile on the Moon is significantly larger than on Mars. Higher surface temperatures and geothermal gradients increase melt production, as do lower energies of melting. Collectively, the results imply thinner central melt sheets and a smaller proportion of melt particles in impact breccias on the Moon and Mars than on Earth. These effects are illustrated in a comparison of the Chicxulub crater on Earth, linked to the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction, Gusev crater on Mars, where the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit landed, and Tsiolkovsky crater on the Moon. The results are comparable to those obtained from field and spacecraft observations, other analytical expressions, and hydrocode simulations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Abramov, Oleg] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wong, Stephanie M.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kring, David A.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Abramov, O (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM oabramov@usgs.gov FU NASA [NAG510332, NAG512881, NNX11AP57G]; NASA Lunar Science Institute [NNA09DB33A]; Lunar and Planetary Institute; University of Arizona Summer Research Institute FX We thank the University of Arizona Summer Research Institute Program for sponsoring a portion of S.M.W.'s work in the NASA/Univ. Arizona Space Imagery Center. A portion of this work was supported by NASA Grant NAG510332 from the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, NASA Grant NAG512881 from the Cosmochemistry Program, and NASA Lunar Science Institute Contract NNA09DB33A to D.A.K. O.A.'s contribution to this work was sponsored by the Lunar and Planetary Institute through the Urey Fellowship program and NASA Grant NNX11AP57G from the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. D.A.K. also thanks Betty Pierazzo for reviewing and agreeing to the correction in Eq. (7). We thank Natalia Artemieva, Olivier Barnouin, Betty Pierazzo, Jennifer Anderson, and two anonymous reviewers for very thorough reviews of the current and previous versions of this manuscript. LPI Contribution # 1654. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD APR PY 2012 VL 218 IS 2 BP 906 EP 916 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.12.022 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 927BV UT WOS:000302882800012 ER PT J AU Scaramuzza, PL Bouchard, MA Dwyer, JL AF Scaramuzza, Pasquale L. Bouchard, Michelle A. Dwyer, John L. TI Development of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission Cloud-Cover Assessment Algorithms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Algorithm; clouds; image classification; Landsat; remote sensing ID TERM ACQUISITION PLAN; ACCURACY AB The upcoming launch of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) will start the next era of the Landsat program. However, the Automated Cloud-Cover Assessment (CCA) (ACCA) algorithm used on Landsat 7 requires a thermal band and is thus not suited for OLI. There will be a thermal instrument on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)-the Thermal Infrared Sensor-which may not be available during all OLI collections. This illustrates a need for CCA for LDCM in the absence of thermal data. To research possibilities for full-resolution OLI cloud assessment, a global data set of 207 Landsat 7 scenes with manually generated cloud masks was created. It was used to evaluate the ACCA algorithm, showing that the algorithm correctly classified 79.9% of a standard test subset of 3.95 10(9) pixels. The data set was also used to develop and validate two successor algorithms for use with OLI data-one derived from an off-the-shelf machine learning package and one based on ACCA but enhanced by a simple neural network. These comprehensive CCA algorithms were shown to correctly classify pixels as cloudy or clear 88.5% and 89.7% of the time, respectively. C1 [Scaramuzza, Pasquale L.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Bouchard, Michelle A.; Dwyer, John L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Scaramuzza, PL (reprint author), Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM pscar@usgs.gov; mbouchard@usgs.gov; dwyer@usgs.gov OI Bouchard, Michelle/0000-0002-6353-3491; Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 FU U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center FX Manuscript received October 26, 2010; revised March 18, 2011 and June 29, 2011; accepted July 17, 2011. Date of publication September 15, 2011; date of current version March 28, 2012. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1140 EP 1154 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2164087 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 922EH UT WOS:000302529100012 ER PT J AU Bland, B VanBlaricom, G Neuman, M AF Bland, Brianna VanBlaricom, Glenn Neuman, Melissa TI SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT, TIDAL LEVEL, AND DISTANCE BETWEEN NEIGHBORING INDIVIDUALS OF OPPOSITE SEX AFFECT PROBABILITY FOR FERTILIZATION IN SPAWNING BLACK ABALONE (HALIOTIS CRACHERODII LEACH, 1814) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bland, Brianna] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Neuman, Melissa] SW Reg Off, Off Protected Resources, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 262 EP 263 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800045 ER PT J AU Casas, S La Peyre, J La Peyre, M AF Casas, Sandra La Peyre, Jerome La Peyre, Megan TI INFLUENCE OF REEF DESIGN, WAVE ENERGY ENVIRONMENT, AND LOCATION ON OYSTER DENSITY, MORTALITY, AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF RESTORED REEFS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [La Peyre, Megan] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 267 EP 268 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800062 ER PT J AU Chilton, S AF Chilton, Steve TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE LAKE TAHOE AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chilton, Steve] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stateline, NV 89449 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 269 EP 269 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800069 ER PT J AU Friedman, CS Wight, N Crosson, L VanBlaricom, G AF Friedman, Carolyn S. Wight, Nathan Crosson, Lisa VanBlaricom, Glenn TI RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL DISEASE IN ABALONES: ROLE OF HOST AND BACTERIAL HYPERPARASITE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Friedman, Carolyn S.; Wight, Nathan; Crosson, Lisa] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 285 EP 286 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800125 ER PT J AU La Peyre, J Eberline, B Soniat, T La Peyre, M AF La Peyre, Jerome Eberline, Benjamin Soniat, Thomas La Peyre, Megan TI DIFFERENCES IN TIMING AND DURATION OF PROLONGED FRESHWATER EXPOSURE ON EASTERN OYSTERS IN BRETON SOUND, LOUISIANA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eberline, Benjamin] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Soniat, Thomas] Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [La Peyre, Megan] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800205 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, K Frame, E Kendrick, P Farin, F Bammler, T Beyer, R Hansen, J Marcinek, D AF Lefebvre, Kathi Frame, Elizabeth Kendrick, Preston Farin, Fred Bammler, Theo Beyer, Richard Hansen, John Marcinek, David TI A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR CHRONIC DOMOIC ACID EXPOSURE IDENTIFIED IN A ZEBRAFISH MODEL AND VALIDATED IN SEA LIONS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lefebvre, Kathi; Frame, Elizabeth; Kendrick, Preston] NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Farin, Fred; Bammler, Theo; Beyer, Richard; Marcinek, David] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Hansen, John] USGS, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800213 ER PT J AU Padeletti, AT Kreeger, D Thomas, R Klein, S Lellis, W AF Padeletti, Angela T. Kreeger, Danielle Thomas, Roger Klein, Sylvan Lellis, William TI RECENT DISCOVERIES OF RARE FRESHWATER MUSSELS IN THE URBAN CORRIDOR OF THE DELAWARE ESTUARY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Padeletti, Angela T.; Kreeger, Danielle] Delaware Estuary, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA. [Thomas, Roger; Klein, Sylvan] Drexel Univ, Acad Nat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Lellis, William] US Geol Soc, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 329 EP 329 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800276 ER PT J AU Phillips, SH Heimowitz, P AF Phillips, Stephen H. Heimowitz, Paul TI DREISSENID PREVENTION ACTIVITIES IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES-THE 100TH MERIDIAN INITIATIVE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Phillips, Stephen H.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Heimowitz, Paul] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 332 EP 332 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800287 ER PT J AU VanBlaricom, GR Galloway, AWE McPeek, K Price, JL Cordell, JR Dethier, MN Armstrong, DA McDonald, PS AF VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Galloway, Aaron W. E. McPeek, Kathleen Price, Jennifer L. Cordell, Jeffrey R. Dethier, Megan N. Armstrong, David A. McDonald, P. Sean TI EFFECTS OF PREDATOR EXCLUSION STRUCTURES AS AGENTS OF ECOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE TO INFAUNAL COMMUNITIES IN GEODUCK CLAM AQUACULTURE PLOTS IN SOUTHERN PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON, USA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dethier, Megan N.] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 355 EP 355 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800366 ER PT J AU Vanblaricom, GR Blaud, BM Friedman, CS AF Vanblaricom, Glenn R. Blaud, Brianna M. Friedman, Carolyn S. TI DISEASE-INDUCED FLUCTUATIONS IN BLACK ABALONE (HALIOTIS CRACHERODII LEACH, 1814) POPULATIONS OVER A 32-YEAR TIME SPAN AT SAN NICOLAS ISLAND, CALIFORNIA, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vanblaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 355 EP 355 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800365 ER PT J AU Blanchong, JA Grear, DA Weckworth, BV Keane, DP Scribner, KT Samuel, MD AF Blanchong, Julie A. Grear, Daniel A. Weckworth, Byron V. Keane, Delwyn P. Scribner, Kim T. Samuel, Michael D. TI EFFECTS OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE ON REPRODUCTION AND FAWN HARVEST VULNERABILITY IN WISCONSIN WHITE-TAILED DEER SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Chronic wasting disease; harvest vulnerability; microsatellites; Odocoileus virginianus; parentage; white-tailed deer ID MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; INFLUENCE SUSCEPTIBILITY; ELK; PATTERNS; POLYMORPHISMS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; VIRGINIANUS; MANAGEMENT AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that affects free-ranging and captive North American cervids. Although the impacts of CWD on cervid survival have been documented, little is known about the disease impacts on reproduction and recruitment. We used genetic methods and harvest data (2002-04) to reconstruct parentage For a cohort of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns born in spring 2002 and evaluate the effects of CWD infection on reproduction and fawn harvest vulnerability. There was no difference between CWD-positive and CWD-negative male deer in the probability of being a parent. However, CWD-positive females were more likely to be parents than CWD-negative females. Because our results are based on harvested animals, we evaluated the hypothesis that higher parentage rates occurred because fawns with CWD-positive mothers were more vulnerable to harvest. Male fawns with CWD-positive mothers were harvested earlier (>1 mo relative to their mother's date of harvest) and farther away from their mothers than male fawns with CWD-negative mothers. Male fawns with CWD-positive mothers were also harvested much earlier and farther away than female fawns from CWD-positive mothers. Most female fawns (86%) with CWD-positive mothers were harvested from the same section as their mothers, while almost half of male and female fawns with CWD-negative mothers were farther away. We conclude that preclinical stages of CWD infection do not prohibit white-tailed deer from successfully reproducing. However, apparently higher harvest vulnerability of male fawns with CWD-positive mothers suggests that CWD infection may make females less capable of providing adequate parental care to ensure the survival and recruitment of their fawns. C1 [Blanchong, Julie A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Grear, Daniel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weckworth, Byron V.; Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Keane, Delwyn P.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Blanchong, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM julieb@iastate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many volunteers and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources staff who collected deer tissue samples and the hunters who participated in CWD management. The manuscript benefited from comments provided by Amy Dechen Quinn, William Porter, Daniel Walsh, David Williams, and two anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 31 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 361 EP 370 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 922ZZ UT WOS:000302589000010 PM 22493111 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Almberg, ES Smith, D Goyal, S Singer, RS AF Mech, L. David Almberg, Emily S. Smith, Douglas Goyal, Sagar Singer, Randall S. TI Use of Real-time PCR to Detect Canine Parvovirus in Feces of Free-ranging Wolves SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Canine parvovirus; Canis lupus; feces; real-time PCR; wolf AB Using real-time PCR, we tested 15 wolf (Canis lupus) feces from the Superior National Forest (SNF), Minnesota, USA, and 191 from Yellowstone National Park (YNP), USA, collected during summer and 13 during winter for canine parvovirus (CPV)-2 DNA. We also tested 20 dog feces for CPV-2 DNA. The PCR assay was 100% sensitive and specific with a minimum detection threshold of 10(4) 50% tissue culture infective dose. Virus was detected in two winter specimens but none of the summer specimens. We suggest applying the technique more broadly especially with winter feces. C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Almberg, Emily S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Smith, Douglas] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Goyal, Sagar; Singer, Randall S.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM david_mech@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; V. Gates FX This study was funded by the US Geological Survey and by V. Gates. We thank B. Molnar for access to specimens, K. Kurth and J. A. Godhardt-Cooper and the WVDL for conducting the assays, R. Raymond and J. Merkle for assistance in the field, and P. Cross and H. Ip for critiquing the manuscript. P. Callahan and the Wildlife Science Center provided wolf fecal specimens from captive wolves. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 473 EP 476 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 922ZZ UT WOS:000302589000024 PM 22493125 ER PT J AU Burek-Huntington, KA Mulcahy, DM Doroff, AM Johnson, TO AF Burek-Huntington, Kathy A. Mulcahy, Daniel M. Doroff, Angela M. Johnson, Todd O. TI Sarcomas in Three Free-ranging Northern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Enhydra lutris; marine mammal; mesenchymal tumor; sarcoma ID DOGS AB Three sarcomas were diagnosed in wild northern sea otters (Enhydra harts kenyoni) during the mid- to late 1990s. Histologically, the tumors were a chondrosarcoma and two low-grade fibrosarcomas with myofibroblastic cell differentiation. The three sea otters were surviving in the wild and were killed by hunters. C1 [Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Burek-Huntington, Kathy A.] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. [Doroff, Angela M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Johnson, Todd O.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Mulcahy, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM daniel_mulcahy@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 483 EP 487 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 922ZZ UT WOS:000302589000026 PM 22493127 ER PT J AU Collett, TS Boswell, R Lee, MW Anderson, BJ Rose, K Lewis, KA AF Collett, T. S. Boswell, R. Lee, M. W. Anderson, B. J. Rose, K. Lewis, K. A. TI Evaluation of Long-Term Gas-Hydrate-Production Testing Locations on the Alaska North Slope SO SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID STRATIGRAPHIC TEST WELL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SEDIMENTS; MIXTURES; VELOCITY; DEPOSITS; MODEL AB The results of short-duration formation tests in northern Alaska and Canada have further documented the energy-resource potential of gas hydrates and have justified the need for long-term gas-hydrate-production testing. Additional data acquisition and long-term production testing could improve the understanding of the response of naturally occurring gas hydrate to depressurization-induced or thermal-, chemical-, or mechanical-stimulated dissociation of gas hydrate into producible gas. The Eileen gas-hydrate accumulation located in the Greater Prudhoe Bay area in northern Alaska has become a focal point for gas-hydrate geologic and production studies. BP Exploration (Alaska) Incorporated and ConocoPhillips have each established research partnerships with the US Department of Energy to assess the production potential of gas hydrates in northern Alaska. A critical goal of these efforts is to identify the most suitable site for production testing. A total of seven potential locations in the Prudhoe Bay, Kuparuk River, and Milne Point production units were identified and assessed relative to their suitability as a long-term gas-hydrate-production test sites. The test-site-assessment criteria included the analysis of the geologic risk associated with encountering reservoirs for gas-hydrate testing. The site-selection process also dealt with the assessment of the operational/logistical risk associated with each of the potential test sites. From this review, a site in the Prudhoe Bay production unit was determined to be the best location for extended gas-hydrate-production testing. The work presented in this report identifies the key features of the potential test site in the Greater Prudhoe Bay area and provides new information on the nature of gas-hydrate occurrence and the potential impact of production testing on existing infrastructure at the most favorable sites. These data were obtained from well-log analysis, geological correlation and mapping, and numerical simulation. C1 [Collett, T. S.; Lee, M. W.; Lewis, K. A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Boswell, R.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Anderson, B. J.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Collett, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1094-6470 J9 SPE RESERV EVAL ENG JI SPE Reserv. Eval. Eng. PD APR PY 2012 VL 15 IS 2 BP 243 EP 264 PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 928ZC UT WOS:000303030000010 ER PT J AU Strona, G Lafferty, KD AF Strona, Giovanni Lafferty, Kevin D. TI FishPEST: an innovative software suite for fish parasitologists SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Strona, Giovanni] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Milan, Italy. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Strona, G (reprint author), Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Milan, Italy. EM giovanni.strona@unimib.it RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 3 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 123 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2012.02.001 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 928IH UT WOS:000302975900001 PM 22365904 ER PT J AU Wargo, AR Kell, AM Scott, RJ Thorgaard, GH Kurath, G AF Wargo, Andrew R. Kell, Alison M. Scott, Robert J. Thorgaard, Gary H. Kurath, Gael TI Analysis of host genetic diversity and viral entry as sources of between-host variation in viral load SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Variation; In vivo; Viral load; Viral entry; Host diversity; Isogenic ID INFECTIOUS-HEMATOPOIETIC-NECROSIS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; IN-VIVO; SOCKEYE-SALMON; VIRULENCE MECHANISMS; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; HIV-1 INFECTION AB Little is known about the factors that drive the high levels of between-host variation in pathogen burden that are frequently observed in viral infections. Here, two factors thought to impact viral load variability, host genetic diversity and stochastic processes linked with viral entry into the host, were examined. This work was conducted with the aquatic vertebrate virus, Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), in its natural host, rainbow trout. It was found that in controlled in vivo infections of IHNV, a suggestive trend of reduced between-fish viral load variation was observed in a clonal population of isogenic trout compared to a genetically diverse population of out-bred trout. However, this trend was not statistically significant for any of the four viral genotypes examined, and high levels of fish-to-fish variation persisted even in the isogenic trout population. A decrease in fish-to-fish viral load variation was also observed in virus injection challenges that bypassed the host entry step, compared to fish exposed to the virus through the natural water-borne immersion route of infection. This trend was significant for three of the four virus genotypes examined and suggests host entry may play a role in viral load variability. However, high levels of viral load variation also remained in the injection challenges. Together, these results indicate that although host genetic diversity and viral entry may play some role in between-fish viral load variation, they are not major factors. Other biological and non-biological parameters that may influence viral load variation are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wargo, Andrew R.; Kell, Alison M.; Scott, Robert J.; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wargo, Andrew R.; Kell, Alison M.; Scott, Robert J.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Wargo, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM awargo@uw.edu; alisonmkell@yahoo.com; rjscott1@uw.edu; thorglab@wsu.edu; gkurath@usgs.gov FU USGS Western Fisheries Research Center; National Institute of Health; NRSA University of Washington Institutional Service [5 T32 AI007509]; National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases [0812603]; USDA FX We thank B. Kerr, M. Purcell, R. Life, L. Villarreal, A. Read, S. Amiri, and J. Winton for valuable discussion and T. Thompson, B. Batts, and P. Wheeler for technical assistance. We are grateful to S.E. LaPatra of Clear Springs Foods, Inc., for providing research grade rainbow trout. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. This work was supported by the USGS Western Fisheries Research Center, and funding for A. Wargo was provided by the National Institute of Health R.L. Kirschestein NRSA University of Washington Institutional Service award 5 T32 AI007509 and National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases grant 0812603. The project was also supported in part by a USDA Special Research Grant titled "Aquaculture Washington and Idaho" to Gary Thorgaard. The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Mention of trade names does not imply U.S. Government endorsement. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 165 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.01.010 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 928IQ UT WOS:000302976800009 PM 22310066 ER PT J AU Millar, CI Westfall, RD Delany, DL Bokach, MJ Flint, AL Flint, LE AF Millar, Constance I. Westfall, Robert D. Delany, Diane L. Bokach, Matthew J. Flint, Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. TI Forest mortality in high-elevation whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests of eastern California, USA; influence of environmental context, bark beetles, climatic water deficit, and warming SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; INDUCED TREE MORTALITY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BLISTER RUST; SIERRA-NEVADA; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; DROUGHT; OSCILLATION AB Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) in subalpine zones of eastern California experienced significant mortality from 2007 to 2010. Dying stands were dense (mean basal area 47.5 m(2)/ha), young (mean 176 years), and even-age; mean stand mortality was 70%. Stands were at low elevations (mean 2993 m), on northerly aspects, and experienced warmer, drier climates relative to the regional species distribution. White pine blister rust was not observed; mountain pine beetle infestations were extensive. Ring widths were negatively correlated with climatic water deficit and positively correlated with water-year precipitation. Although trees that survived had greater growth during the 20th century than trees that died, in the 19th century trees that eventually died grew better than trees that survived, suggesting selection for genetic adaptation to current climates as a result of differential tree mortality. Air surveys (2006-2010) in the Sierra Nevada, Mt. Shasta, and Warner Mountains showed similar trends to the intensive studies. Observed mortality from air surveys was highest in the Warner Mountains (38%) and lowest in the Sierra Nevada (5%); northern aspects at lower elevations within each mountain region had the highest probabilities of mortality and dying stands had higher climatic water deficit. Scenarios for the future of whitebark pine in California are discussed. C1 [Millar, Constance I.; Westfall, Robert D.; Delany, Diane L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bokach, Matthew J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Flint, Alan L.; Flint, Lorraine E.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Millar, CI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cmillar@fs.fed.us OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 63 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 82 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 4 BP 749 EP 765 DI 10.1139/X2012-031 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 918CL UT WOS:000302226700011 ER PT J AU Pardo-Iguzquiza, E Olea, RA AF Pardo-Iguzquiza, Eulogio Olea, Ricardo A. TI VARBOOT: A spatial bootstrap program for semivariogram uncertainty assessment SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Spatial covariance; Correlated data; Bootstrap percentile confidence interval; Standard error; Model parameter uncertainty ID FORTRAN-77 PROGRAM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; VARIOGRAM MODELS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; COVARIANCE; INFERENCE AB In applied geostatistics, the semivariogram is commonly estimated from experimental data, producing an empirical semivariogram for a specified number of discrete lags. In a second stage, a model defined by a few parameters is fitted to the empirical semivariogram. As the experimental data are usually few and sparsely located, there is considerable uncertainty about the calculated semivariogram values (uncertainty of the empirical semivariogram) and about the parameters of any model fitted to them (uncertainty of the estimated model parameters). In this paper, the uncertainty in the modeling of the empirical semivariogram is numerically assessed by the generalized bootstrap, which is an extension of the classic bootstrap procedure modified for spatially correlated data. A computer program is described and provided for the assessment of those uncertainties. In particular, the program provides for the empirical semivariogram: the standard errors, the bootstrap percentile confidence intervals, the complete variance-covariance matrix, standard deviation correlation matrix. A public domain, natural dataset is used to illustrate the performance of the program. A promising result is that, for any distance, the median of the bootstrap distribution for the empirical semivariogram approximates more closely the underlying semivariogram than the estimate derived from the empirical sample. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Olea, Ricardo A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pardo-Iguzquiza, Eulogio] IGME, Madrid 28003, Spain. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM olea@usgs.gov RI Pardo-Iguzquiza, Eulogio/A-6324-2013 OI Pardo-Iguzquiza, Eulogio/0000-0002-3865-8639 FU Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain [CGL2010-15498] FX We are grateful to Peter Dowd (University of Adelaide) and to Peter Atkinson (University of Southampton) for reviewing a first version of the manuscript as part of a review process required by the U.S. Geological Survey. An additional anonymous reviewer appointed by the journal also provided helpful comments. Work by the first author has been supported by the research project CGL2010-15498 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 41 BP 188 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2011.09.002 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 922CK UT WOS:000302524200020 ER PT J AU Stock, GM Martel, SJ Collins, BD Harp, EL AF Stock, Greg M. Martel, Stephen J. Collins, Brian D. Harp, Edwin L. TI Progressive failure of sheeted rock slopes: the 2009-2010 Rhombus Wall rock falls in Yosemite Valley, California, USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE rock fall; progressive failure; sheeting joints; crack propagation; Yosemite National Park ID SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; NATIONAL-PARK; SURFACE; EXFOLIATION; BOUNDARY; STRESSES; FRACTURE; EROSION; ORIGIN AB Progressive rock-fall failures in natural rock slopes are common in many environments, but often elude detailed quantitative documentation and analysis. Here we present high-resolution photography, video, and laser scanning data that document spatial and temporal patterns of a 15-month-long sequence of at least 14 rock falls from the Rhombus Wall, a sheeted granitic cliff in Yosemite Valley, California. The rock-fall sequence began on 26 August 2009 with a small failure at the tip of an overhanging rock slab. Several hours later, a series of five rock falls totaling 736?m3 progressed upward along a sheeting joint behind the overhanging slab. Over the next 3?weeks, audible cracking occurred on the Rhombus Wall, suggesting crack propagation, while visual monitoring revealed opening of a sheeting joint adjacent to the previous failure surface. On 14 September 2009 a 110?m3 slab detached along this sheeting joint. Additional rock falls between 30 August and 20 November 2010, totaling 187?m3, radiated outward from the initial failure area along cliff (sub)parallel sheeting joints. We suggest that these progressive failures might have been related to stress redistributions accompanying propagation of sheeting joints behind the cliff face. Mechanical analyses indicate that tensile stresses should occur perpendicular to the cliff face and open sheeting joints, and that sheeting joints should propagate parallel to a cliff face from areas of stress concentrations. The analyses also account for how sheeting joints can propagate to lengths many times greater than their depths behind cliff faces. We posit that as a region of failure spreads across a cliff face, stress concentrations along its margin will spread with it, promoting further crack propagation and rock falls. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Stock, Greg M.] Natl Pk Serv, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Martel, Stephen J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Landslide Hazard Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Harp, Edwin L.] US Geol Survey, Landslide Hazard Program, Golden, CO 80225 USA. RP Stock, GM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Yosemite Natl Pk,5083 Foresta Rd,POB 700, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. EM greg_stock@nps.gov FU Yosemite Conservancy; US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [EAR05-38334, CMMI09-19584]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory [1290138] FX We gratefully acknowledge Robert Viesca for the use of a code to calculate stress intensity factors, and Steven Bumgardner for assistance with video analysis. Airborne lidar data were acquired by the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM). We thank William Schulz for an internal USGS review and Florian Amann and Atilla Aydin for journal reviews, all of which served to improve the paper. This research was supported by funding from the Yosemite Conservancy (Stock and Martel), the Landslide Hazards Program of the US Geological Survey (Collins and Harp), the National Science Foundation (Martel, grants EAR05-38334 and CMMI09-19584), and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Martel, agreement 1290138). NR 58 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD APR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 5 BP 546 EP 561 DI 10.1002/esp.3192 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 919CF UT WOS:000302297600006 ER PT J AU Petersen, DG Blazewicz, SJ Firestone, M Herman, DJ Turetsky, M Waldrop, M AF Petersen, Dorthe Groth Blazewicz, Steven J. Firestone, Mary Herman, Donald J. Turetsky, Merritt Waldrop, Mark TI Abundance of microbial genes associated with nitrogen cycling as indices of biogeochemical process rates across a vegetation gradient in Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA-OXIDIZING ARCHAEA; DENITRIFYING BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; POTENTIAL NITRIFICATION RATES; DENITRIFICATION RATES; INTERIOR ALASKA; TROPICAL SOIL; PATH-ANALYSIS; TANANA RIVER; NOSZ GENES; MINERALIZATION AB Nitrification and denitrification processes are crucial to plant nutrient availability, eutrophication and greenhouse gas production both locally and globally. Unravelling the major environmental predictors for nitrification and denitrification is thus pivotal in order to understand and model environmental nitrogen (N) cycling. Here, we sampled five plant community types characteristic of interior Alaska, including black spruce, bog birch, tussock grass and two fens. We assessed abundance of functional genes affiliated with nitrification (bacterial and archaeal amoA) and denitrification (nirK/S and nosZ) using qPCR, soil characteristics, potential nitrification and denitrification rates (PNR and PDR) and gross mineralization rates. The main chemical and biological predictors for PNR and PDR were assigned through path analysis. The potential N cycling rates varied dramatically between sites, from some of the highest (in fens) to some of the lowest (in black spruce) measured globally. Based on path analysis, functional gene abundances were the most important variables to predict potential rates. PNR was best explained by bacterial amoA gene abundance followed by ammonium content, whereas PDR was best explained directly by nosZ gene abundance and indirectly by nirK/S gene abundance and nitrate. Hence, functional gene abundance is a valuable index that integrates recent environmental history and recent process activity, and therefore is a good predictor of potential rates. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the relative importance of different biological and chemical factors in driving the potential for nitrification and denitrification across terrestrial ecosystems. C1 [Petersen, Dorthe Groth; Blazewicz, Steven J.; Firestone, Mary; Herman, Donald J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Waldrop, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Petersen, DG (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Ctr Geomicrobiol, Dept Biosci, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM dorthe.petersen@biology.au.dk RI Petersen, Dorthe/B-6063-2009; Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013; OI Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140 FU Carlsberg foundation [2007_01_0395]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0620579, DEB-0423442, DEB-0080609, DEB-9810217, DEB-9211769, DEB-8702629]; Danish National Research Foundation; Max Planck Society FX We would like to thank Marissa Lafler for her help with the DEA assays and inorganic nutrient analyses, Katie Shea for helping out with the practical work on gross mineralization rates and Erin Nuccio for helping with qPCR assays. Also we thank Jennifer Harden and Dave McGuire (USGS) for designing and establishing the field sites. This project was funded by the Carlsberg foundation (reference: 2007_01_0395), the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program under National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. DEB-0620579, DEB-0423442, DEB-0080609, DEB-9810217, DEB-9211769, DEB-8702629), the Danish National Research Foundation and the Max Planck Society. NR 72 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 19 U2 183 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 4 BP 993 EP 1008 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02679.x PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 922II UT WOS:000302540200013 PM 22225623 ER PT J AU Bargar, TA AF Bargar, Timothy A. TI Risk assessment for adult butterflies exposed to the mosquito control pesticide naled SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Butterflies; Naled; Risk assessment; Mosquito control ID NONTARGET INSECTS; POPULATIONS; HEDGEROWS; TOXICITY; HABITAT; IMPACT; DRIFT AB A prospective risk assessment was conducted for adult butterflies potentially exposed to the mosquito control insecticide naled. Published acute mortality data, exposure data collected during field studies, and morphometric data (total surface area and fresh body weight) for adult butterflies were combined in a probabilistic estimate of the likelihood that adult butterfly exposure to naled following aerial applications would exceed levels associated with acute mortality. Adult butterfly exposure was estimated based on the product of (1) naled residues on samplers and (2) an exposure metric that normalized total surface area for adult butterflies to their fresh weight. The likelihood that the 10th percentile refined effect estimate for adult butterflies exposed to naled would be exceeded following aerial naled applications was 67 to 80%. The greatest risk would be for butterflies in the family Lycaenidae, and the lowest risk would be for those in the family Hesperidae, assuming equivalent sensitivity to naled. A range of potential guideline naled deposition levels is presented that, if not exceeded, would reduce the risk of adult butterfly mortality. The results for this risk assessment were compared with other risk estimates for butterflies, and the implications for adult butterflies in areas targeted by aerial naled applications are discussed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:885891. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Bargar, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. EM tbargar@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wildlife Refuge System; U.S. Geological Survey FX C. Weiser of the U.S. Geological Survey provided a considerable amount of assistance in the field studies. The Florida Keys Mosquito Control district conducted aerial spray missions that allowed the present study to occur and provided personnel to assist in the deployment and retrieval of residue samplers. The Key Deer National Wildlife Refuge permitted the present study to take place on their property, provided space for coordination of the field studies, and also provided personnel to assist in the deployment and retrieval of residue samplers. H. (He) Zhong and C. Brock provided analytical support for determination of naled residues on samplers collected during the field trials. Funding for the present study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wildlife Refuge System and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 885 EP 891 DI 10.1002/etc.1757 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 909PC UT WOS:000301575700027 PM 22278732 ER PT J AU Loope, WL Loope, HM Goble, RJ Fisher, TG Lytle, DE Legg, RJ Wysocki, DA Hanson, PR Young, AR AF Loope, Walter L. Loope, Henry M. Goble, Ronald J. Fisher, Timothy G. Lytle, David E. Legg, Robert J. Wysocki, Douglas A. Hanson, Paul R. Young, Aaron R. TI Drought drove forest decline and dune building in eastern upper Michigan, USA, as the upper Great Lakes became closed basins SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN MICHIGAN; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; UPPER PENINSULA; HOLOCENE; CLIMATE; SUPERIOR; SAND; VEGETATION; LEVEL; DUNEFIELD AB Current models of landscape response to Holocene climate change in midcontinent North America largely reconcile Earth orbital and atmospheric climate forcing with pollen-based forest histories on the east and eolian chronologies in Great Plains grasslands on the west. However, thousands of sand dunes spread across 12,000 km(2) in eastern upper Michigan (EUM), more than 500 km east of the present forest-prairie ecotone, present a challenge to such models. We use 65 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages on quartz sand deposited in silt caps (n = 8) and dunes (n = 57) to document eolian activity in EUM. Dune building was widespread ca. 10-8 ka, indicating a sharp, sustained decline in forest cover during that period. This decline was roughly coincident with hydrologic closure of the upper Great Lakes, but temporally inconsistent with most pollen-based models that imply canopy closure throughout the Holocene. Early Holocene forest openings are rarely recognized in pollen sums from EUM because faint signatures of non-arboreal pollen are largely obscured by abundant and highly mobile pine pollen. Early Holocene spikes in nonarboreal pollen are recorded in cores from small ponds, but suggest only a modest extent of forest openings. OSL dating of dune emplacement provides a direct, spatially explicit archive of greatly diminished forest cover during a very dry climate in eastern midcontinent North America ca. 10-8 ka. C1 [Loope, Walter L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Munising, MI 49862 USA. [Loope, Henry M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goble, Ronald J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Fisher, Timothy G.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Legg, Robert J.] No Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Wysocki, Douglas A.] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Hanson, Paul R.; Young, Aaron R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Loope, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Munising, MI 49862 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2012 VL 40 IS 4 BP 315 EP 318 DI 10.1130/G32937.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 914TH UT WOS:000301974800014 ER PT J AU Coe, JA AF Coe, Jeffrey A. TI Regional moisture balance control of landslide motion: Implications for landslide forecasting in a changing climate SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL MOVEMENT; MODEL AB I correlated 12 years of annual movement of 18 points on a large, continuously moving, deep-seated landslide with a regional moisture balance index (moisture balance drought index, MBDI). I used MBDI values calculated from a combination of historical precipitation and air temperature data from A.D. 1895 to 2010, and downscaled climate projections using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A2 emissions scenario for 2011-2099. At the landslide, temperature is projected to increase similar to 0.5 degrees C/10 yr between 2011 and 2099, while precipitation decreases at a rate of similar to 2 mm/10 yr. Landslide movement correlated with the MBDI with integration periods of 12 and 48 months. The correlation between movement and MBDI suggests that the MBDI functions as a proxy for groundwater pore pressures and landslide mobility. I used the correlation to forecast decreasing landslide movement between 2011 and 2099, with the head of the landslide expected to stop moving in the mid-21st century. The MBDI, or a similar moisture balance index that accounts for evapotranspiration, has considerable potential as a tool for forecasting the magnitude of ongoing deep-seated landslide movement, and for assessing the onset or likelihood of regional, deep-seated landslide activity. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Coe, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2012 VL 40 IS 4 BP 323 EP 326 DI 10.1130/G32897.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 914TH UT WOS:000301974800016 ER PT J AU Pratt, TL AF Pratt, Thomas L. TI Kinematics of the New Madrid seismic zone, central United States, based on stepover models SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRIKE-SLIP-FAULT; MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; REELFOOT RIFT; SOUTHERNMOST ILLINOIS; NORTH-AMERICA; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKES; MISSOURI; LINEAMENT; TECTONICS AB Seismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) of the central United States is generally attributed to a stepover structure in which the Reelfoot thrust fault transfers slip between parallel strike-slip faults. However, some arms of the seismic zone do not fit this simple model. Comparison of the NMSZ with an analog sandbox model of a restraining stepover structure explains all of the arms of seismicity as only part of the extensive pattern of faults that characterizes stepover structures. Computer models show that the stepover structure may form because differences in the trends of lower crustal shearing and inherited upper crustal faults make a step between en echelon fault segments the easiest path for slip in the upper crust. The models predict that the modern seismicity occurs only on a subset of the faults in the New Madrid stepover structure, that only the southern part of the stepover structure ruptured in the A. D. 1811-1812 earthquakes, and that the stepover formed because the trends of older faults are not the same as the current direction of shearing. C1 US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pratt, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2012 VL 40 IS 4 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1130/G32624.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 914TH UT WOS:000301974800028 ER PT J AU Koenig, AE Lucas, SG Neymark, LA Heckert, AB Sullivan, RM Jasinski, SE Fowler, DW AF Koenig, Alan E. Lucas, Spencer G. Neymark, Leonid A. Heckert, Andrew B. Sullivan, Robert M. Jasinski, Steven E. Fowler, Denver W. TI Direct U-Pb dating of Cretaceous and Paleocene dinosaur bones, San Juan Basin, New Mexico Comment SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Koenig, Alan E.; Neymark, Leonid A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lucas, Spencer G.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Heckert, Andrew B.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Sullivan, Robert M.; Jasinski, Steven E.] State Museum Penn, Harrisburg, PA 17120 USA. [Fowler, Denver W.] Montana State Univ, Museum Rockies, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Koenig, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2012 VL 40 IS 4 BP E262 EP E262 DI 10.1130/G32154C.1 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA 914TH UT WOS:000301974800004 ER PT J AU Aslan, CE Rejmanek, M Klinger, R AF Aslan, Clare E. Rejmanek, Marcel Klinger, Robert TI Combining efficient methods to detect spread of woody invaders in urban-rural matrix landscapes: an exploration using two species of Oleaceae SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bird dispersal; early detection; Ligustrum lucidum; Olea europaea; recruitment; risk assessment; spread detection; survey; transect ID EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CONSEQUENCES; CHALLENGES; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; AUSTRALIA; EVOLUTION; SUCCESS AB 1. Early detection of biological invasions can reduce the costs of control and increase its efficacy. Although much research focuses on the appearance or establishment of new invaders, few studies target the detection of spread from established populations. Managers of natural areas have limited resources; therefore, there is need for efficient methods of quantifying the spread of likely invaders in local and regional areas. 2. We employed homeowner surveys, seedling outplanting, directed seedling searches and randomly located plots to determine whether two introduced species of Oleaceae, Ligustrum lucidum and Olea europaea, demonstrate invasive levels of recruitment in California's Sacramento Valley. These methods are examples of low-cost approaches to examining the regional spread of non-native woody species with differing habitat requirements. 3. Homeowner surveys indicated abundant recruitment of L. lucidum in irrigated areas, with no evident decline by distance from horticultural source trees. Ligustrum lucidum seedlings established readily when planted immediately adjacent to streams, but were unable to survive summer drought when located further from the water. 4. Recruitment of O. europaea at distances > 100 m from source trees was uncommon. Spread of O. europaea is rare relative to the number of reproductive individuals that have been planted in the study area; where it occurs, seedling recruitment appears largely a function of propagule pressure. 5. Synthesis and applications. Low-cost and rapid methods are essential for successful long-term monitoring of spread from populations of introduced, woody plant species. We employed high-efficiency methods of spread detection for two species of Oleaceae with invasive potential and existing populations in the study region. We detected no barriers to spread by L. lucidum in areas with elevated soil moisture and consider the species a likely riparian invader. By comparison, O. europaea shows little tendency to spread. We suggest that managers combine low-input methods and direct surveys towards habitats of conservation concern and routes of likely seed dispersal. C1 [Aslan, Clare E.; Rejmanek, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Klinger, Robert] US Geol Survey, Yosemite Field Stn, Bishop Off, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Aslan, CE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM caslan@ucsc.edu FU National Science Foundation; Montana State Center for Invasive Plant Management; UC Davis Biological Invasions Integrative Graduate Education and Research FX We thank A. Aslan, A. Bennett, M. Bower, R. Epanchin-Niell, S. Krause, M. Hufford, C. Liang and S. Veloz for assistance with data collection. L. Bolick, E. Chow and R. McKee helped with seedling transplanting. Thanks to T. Ellsworth Bowers for his mapping genius. We are grateful to E. Rejmankova and S. Castle for equipment loan and training. The managers of Putah Creek Riparian Reserve and Bidwell Park gave permission to conduct this research on their properties. C. E. A. was supported by a National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship. Funding for this work was provided by a Montana State Center for Invasive Plant Management Seed Money grant and a research grant from the UC Davis Biological Invasions Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02097.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916BF UT WOS:000302070900004 ER PT J AU Ellefsen, KJ Burton, WC Lacombe, PJ AF Ellefsen, Karl J. Burton, William C. Lacombe, Pierre J. TI Integrated characterization of the geologic framework of a contaminated site in West Trenton, New Jersey SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Fractured bedrock; Chlorinated solvents; S-wave refraction; Cone penetrometer; Newark basin ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SEISMIC VELOCITIES; PASSIVE MARGIN; RIFT BASIN; FAULT; ROCK; DRY; USA AB Fractured sedimentary bedrock and groundwater at the former Naval Air Warfare Center in West Trenton, New Jersey (United States of America) are contaminated with chlorinated solvents. Predicting contaminant migration or removing the contaminants requires an understanding of the geology. Consequently, the geologic framework near the site was characterized with four different methods having different spatial scales: geologic field mapping, analyses of bedrock drill core, analyses of soil and regolith, and S-wave refraction surveys. A fault zone is in the southeast corner of the site and separates two distinct sedimentary formations; the fault zone dips (steeply) southeasterly, strikes northeasterly, and extends at least 550 m along its strike direction. Drill core from the fault zone is extensively brecciated and includes evidence of tectonic contraction. Approximately 300 m east of this fault zone is another fault zone, which offsets the contact between the two sedimentary formations. The S-wave refraction surveys identified both fault zones beneath soil and regolith and thereby provided constraints on their lateral extent and location. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ellefsen, Karl J.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Burton, William C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lacombe, Pierre J.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Ellefsen, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM ellefsen@usgs.gov; bburton@usgs.gov; placombe@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. J. Williams, N. Smith, and T. Reilly helped collect the field data. J. Lucius, L Slater, C. Southworth, and one anonymous geophysicist reviewed the manuscript, and their comments resulted in significant improvements. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD APR PY 2012 VL 79 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.12.008 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 921AH UT WOS:000302449900009 ER PT J AU Barlow, JRB Kingsbury, JA Coupe, RH AF Barlow, Jeannie R. B. Kingsbury, James A. Coupe, Richard H. TI Changes in Shallow Groundwater Quality Beneath Recently Urbanized Areas in the Memphis, Tennessee Area SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE urbanization; land use; land cover change; nonpoint source pollution; organic chemicals; nutrients ID NITRATE CONTAMINATION; PESTICIDE USES; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; SYSTEMS; TRENDS; GEORGIA; AQUIFER AB Memphis, the largest city in the state of Tennessee, and its surrounding suburbs depend on a confined aquifer, the Memphis aquifer, for drinking water. Concern over the potential for downward movement of water from an overlying shallow aquifer to the underlying Memphis aquifer provided impetus for monitoring groundwater quality within the shallow aquifer. The occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrate, and pesticides in samples from the shallow well network indicate a widespread affect on water quality from the overlying urban land use. Total pesticide concentration was generally higher in more recently recharged groundwater indicating that as the proportion of recent water increases, the occurrence of pesticides related to the current urban land use also increases. Groundwater samples with nitrate concentrations greater than 1.5 mg/l and detectable concentrations of the pesticides atrazine and simazine also had higher concentrations of chloroform, a VOC primarily associated with urban land use, than in other samples. The age of the water from these wells indicates that these concentrations are most likely not representative of past agricultural use, but of more recent urban use of these chemicals. Given that the median age of water represented by the shallow well network was 21 years, a lag time likely exists between changes in land use and the occurrence of constituents related to urbanization in shallow groundwater. C1 [Barlow, Jeannie R. B.; Coupe, Richard H.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Water Sci Ctr, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. [Kingsbury, James A.] US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. RP Barlow, JRB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Water Sci Ctr, 308 S Airport Rd, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. EM jbarlow@usgs.gov OI Kingsbury, James/0000-0003-4985-275X NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 336 EP 354 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00616.x PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 920KC UT WOS:000302402200011 ER PT J AU de Vries, FT Liiri, ME Bjornlund, L Bowker, MA Christensen, S Setala, HM Bardgett, RD AF de Vries, Franciska T. Liiri, Mira E. Bjornlund, Lisa Bowker, Matthew A. Christensen, Soren Setala, Heikki M. Bardgett, Richard D. TI Land use alters the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to drought SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; GRASSLANDS; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; BACTERIAL; BIOMASS; RATIOS AB Soils deliver several ecosystem services including carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling, which are of central importance to climate mitigation and sustainable food production(1-3). Soil biota play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycling, and, although the effects of land use on soil food webs are well documented(4-6), the consequences for their resistance and resilience to climate change are not known. We compared the resistance and resilience to drought-which is predicted to increase under climate change(2,7)-of soil food webs of two common land-use systems: intensively managed wheat with a bacterial-based soil food web and extensively managed grassland with a fungal-based soil food web. We found that the fungal-based food web, and the processes of C and N loss it governs, of grassland soil was more resistant, although not resilient, and better able to adapt to drought than the bacterial-based food web of wheat soil. Structural equation modelling revealed that fungal-based soil food webs and greater microbial evenness mitigated C and N loss. Our findings show that land use strongly affects the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to climate change, and that extensively managed grassland promotes more resistant, and adaptable, fungal-based soil food webs. C1 [de Vries, Franciska T.; Bardgett, Richard D.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 3EX, England. [Liiri, Mira E.; Setala, Heikki M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, FIN-15140 Lahti, Finland. [Bjornlund, Lisa; Christensen, Soren] Inst Biol, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Bowker, Matthew A.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP de Vries, FT (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 3EX, England. EM f.devries@lancaster.ac.uk RI de Vries, Franciska/D-3041-2009; Christensen, Soren/J-6246-2014; Setala, Heikki/P-7354-2015; OI de Vries, Franciska/0000-0002-6822-8883; Christensen, Soren/0000-0002-7067-5586; Setala, Heikki Martti/0000-0002-5230-4001 FU EU FX This project was part of the EU Seventh Framework funded SOILSERVICE project, led by K. Hedlund. We thank all project partners for contributing to this manuscript through discussions. We thank S. Mortimer and D. Carpenter for setting up the field experiment, and G. Hildred for allowing us into his fields. H. Quirk, L. Trimnell, V. van Velzen, A. Spangenberg, L. F. Petersen, I. Dodd, G. Mies, F. Willeboordse, B. v/d Waterbeemd, C. Siderius, E. Wilson and K. Wilson helped with field and laboratory work. We thank K. Orwin and W. van der Putten for commenting on the manuscript. NR 26 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 21 U2 298 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD APR PY 2012 VL 2 IS 4 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1368 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924EB UT WOS:000302672800022 ER PT J AU Poland, MP Miklius, A Sutton, AJ Thornber, CR AF Poland, Michael P. Miklius, Asta Sutton, A. Jeff Thornber, Carl R. TI A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kilauea Volcano during 2003-2007 SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAUNA-LOA VOLCANO; RAPID DEFORMATION; PUU-OO; HAWAII; ERUPTION; STORAGE; SUMMIT; RESERVOIR; EARTHQUAKES; SUBSIDENCE AB The eruptive activity of a volcano is fundamentally controlled by the rate of magma supply. At Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, the rate of magma rising from a source within Earth's mantle, through the Hawaiian hotspot, was thought to have been relatively steady in recent decades. Here we show that the magma supply to Kilauea at least doubled during 2003-2007, resulting in dramatic changes in eruptive activity and the formation of new eruptive vents. An initial indication of the surge in supply was an increase in CO2 emissions during 2003-2004, combined with the onset of inflation of Kilauea's summit, measured using the Global Positioning System and interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Inflation was not limited to the summit magma reservoirs, but was recorded as far as 50 km from the summit, implying the existence of a connected magma system over that distance. We also record increases in SO2 emissions, heightened seismicity, and compositional and temperature variations in erupted lavas. The increase in the volume of magma passing through and stored within Kilauea, coupled with increased CO2 emissions, indicate a mantle source for the magma surge. We suggest that magma supply from the Hawaiian hotspot can vary over timescales of years, and that CO2 emissions could be a valuable aid for assessing variations in magma supply at Kilauea and other volcanoes. C1 [Thornber, Carl R.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM mpoland@usgs.gov OI Thornber, Carl/0000-0002-6382-4408; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU US Geological Survey (USGS); National Science Foundation; NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) FX We thank D. Dzurisin, H. Gonnermann, J. Kauahikaua, M. Mangan, D. Swanson, T. Takahashi and W. Thatcher for constructive comments. The staff of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and their collaborators collected the data discussed in this report. The Kilauea GPS network is supported by grants from the US Geological Survey (USGS), National Science Foundation and NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and is operated in collaboration by the USGS, Stanford University and Pacific GPS Facility at the University of Hawai'i. RADARSAT-1 data were made available by the Alaska Satellite Facility. ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar data were provided by the European Space Agency through a Category-1 proposal to the USGS. Electron microprobe analyses were conducted at the USGS Denver Microbeam Laboratory and bulk-lava compositions were determined using wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at Washington State University, Pullman, WA. NR 49 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 295 EP U97 DI 10.1038/NGEO1426 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 918YU UT WOS:000302288400020 ER PT J AU Newcomb, D AF Newcomb, Doug TI Using GRASS GIS to Model Solar Irradiation on North Carolina Aquatic Habitats with Canopy Data SO TRANSACTIONS IN GIS LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; STREAM; TRANSMISSION; FOREST AB Sunlight can have a significant impact on freshwater aquatic communities. Using 64- bit GRASS, a previously generated 18.2 m resolution forest canopy height grid for the State of North Carolina was used as a base elevation layer for calculation of 18.2 m resolution total irradiance (Watt-hours/square meter/day) grids for 365 days of the year. Daily calculations were aggregated annually and overlaid on rasterized 1:24,000-scale USGS hydrology with canopy type and seasonal filters to quantify annual solar irradiation input to streams and rivers in North Carolina. Bare earth calculations of solar irradiation for the aquatic habitats were compared to the canopy filtered calculations. There was substantially less solar irradiation in aquatic habitats under the canopy filtered model. Total solar irradiation for subbasins created from point locations of occurrences of Dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) were compared with total solar irradiation for watersheds created from locations with no mussels for the full subbasin, 1 km, and 500 m upstream from the sampling point. There was no significant difference in the amount of total solar irradiation modeled for the subbasins with Dwarf wedgemussel and watersheds with no mussels. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Interior, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Newcomb, D (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Interior, 551 F Pylon Dr, Raleigh, NC USA. EM doug_newcomb@fws.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1361-1682 J9 T GIS JI Trans. GIS PD APR PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 BP 161 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01313.x PG 16 WC Geography SC Geography GA 925YK UT WOS:000302798300006 ER PT J AU Balas, CJ Euliss, NH Mushet, DM AF Balas, Caleb J. Euliss, Ned H., Jr. Mushet, David M. TI Influence of Conservation Programs on Amphibians using Seasonal Wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; Detection probability; Glaciated plains; Land use; Minnesota; North Dakota; Occupancy; Seasonal wetlands ID SITE-OCCUPANCY; FRAGMENTATION; MITIGATION; IMPACT; RATES; IOWA AB Extensive modification of upland habitats surrounding wetlands to facilitate agricultural production has negatively impacted amphibian communities in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. In attempts to mitigate ecosystem damage associated with extensive landscape alteration, vast tracks of upland croplands have been returned to perennial vegetative cover (i.e., conservation grasslands) under a variety of U.S. Department of Agriculture programs. We evaluated the influence of these conservation grasslands on amphibian occupancy of seasonal wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region. Using automated call surveys, aquatic funnel traps, and visual encounter surveys, we detected eight amphibian species using wetlands within three land-use categories (farmed, conservation grasslands, and native prairie grasslands) during the summers of 2005 and 2006. Seasonal wetlands within farmlands were used less frequently by amphibians than those within conservation and native prairie grasslands, and wetlands within conservation grasslands were used less frequently than those within native prairie grasslands by all species and life-stages we successfully modeled. Our results suggest that, while not occupied as frequently as wetlands within native prairie, wetlands within conservation grasslands provide important habitat for maintaining amphibian biodiversity in the Prairie Pothole Region. C1 [Balas, Caleb J.; Euliss, Ned H., Jr.; Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Euliss, NH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37 St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM ceuliss@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 333 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0269-9 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 915MR UT WOS:000302031800014 ER PT J AU Gould, WR Patla, DA Daley, R Corn, PS Hossack, BR Bennetts, R Peterson, CR AF Gould, William R. Patla, Debra A. Daley, Rob Corn, Paul Stephen Hossack, Blake R. Bennetts, Robert Peterson, Charles R. TI Estimating Occupancy in Large Landscapes: Evaluation of Amphibian Monitoring in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Colonization; Conservation; Detection; Extinction; Trend; Wetlands ID POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; NATIONAL-PARK; TURNOVER; DYNAMICS; COLONIZATION; EXTINCTIONS; DECLINES; ANURAN AB Monitoring of natural resources is crucial to ecosystem conservation, and yet it can pose many challenges. Annual surveys for amphibian breeding occupancy were conducted in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks over a 4-year period (2006-2009) at two scales: catchments (portions of watersheds) and individual wetland sites. Catchments were selected in a stratified random sample with habitat quality and ease of access serving as strata. All known wetland sites with suitable habitat were surveyed within selected catchments. Changes in breeding occurrence of tiger salamanders, boreal chorus frogs, and Columbia-spotted frogs were assessed using multi-season occupancy estimation. Numerous a priori models were considered within an information theoretic framework including those with catchment and site-level covariates. Habitat quality was the most important predictor of occupancy. Boreal chorus frogs demonstrated the greatest increase in breeding occupancy at the catchment level. Larger changes for all 3 species were detected at the finer site-level scale. Connectivity of sites explained occupancy rates more than other covariates, and may improve understanding of the dynamic processes occurring among wetlands within this ecosystem. Our results suggest monitoring occupancy at two spatial scales within large study areas is feasible and informative. C1 [Gould, William R.] New Mexico State Univ, Appl Stat Program, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Patla, Debra A.; Peterson, Charles R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Daley, Rob; Bennetts, Robert] Greater Yellowstone Network, Natl Pk Serv, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Corn, Paul Stephen; Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Gould, WR (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Appl Stat Program, POB 30001,MSC 3CQ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM wgould@nmsu.edu FU NPS GRYN; NMSU College of Business; USGS ARMI FX Christie Hendrix and Sue Wolff, and other personnel from Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, Big Sky Institute and Idaho State University supported multiple aspects of permits, logistics and administration. Robert Klaver compiled catchment delineation data from the USGS EROS Data Center. Larissa Bailey (Colorado State University) provided assistance as consultant for sample design, statistical issues, and field methods. Chris Brown and Donn Holmes (USGS) supported data management. Cathie Jean (NPS GRYN) made important contributions in the design and planning of this work. Erin Muths and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments that strengthened the paper. We thank our numerous field assistants for their hard work in often arduous conditions. Funding for this research was provided by the NPS GRYN, NMSU College of Business and USGS ARMI. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 396 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 47 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0273-0 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 915MR UT WOS:000302031800018 ER PT J AU Frankel, A Smalley, R Paul, J AF Frankel, Arthur Smalley, Robert Paul, J. TI Significant Motions between GPS Sites in the New Madrid Region: Implications for Seismic Hazard SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKES; ZONE; DEFORMATION; ARKANSAS; SWARM; CHARLESTON; FAULTS; SPACE; ENOLA; MODEL AB Position time series from Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in the New Madrid region were differenced to determine the relative motions between stations. Uncertainties in rates were estimated using a three-component noise model consisting of white, flicker, and random walk noise, following the methodology of Langbein, 2004. Significant motions of 0.37 +/- 0.07 (one standard error) mm/yr were found between sites PTGV and STLE, for which the baseline crosses the inferred deep portion of the Reelfoot fault. Baselines between STLE and three other sites also show significant motion. Site MCTY (adjacent to STLE) also exhibits significant motion with respect to PTGV. These motions are consistent with a model of interseismic slip of about 4 mm/yr on the Reelfoot fault at depths between 12 and 20 km. If constant over time, this rate of slip produces sufficient slip for an M 7.3 earthquake on the shallow portion of the Reelfoot fault, using the geologically derived recurrence time of 500 years. This model assumes that the shallow portion of the fault has been previously loaded by the intraplate stress. A GPS site near Little Rock, Arkansas, shows significant southward motion of 0.3-0.4 mm/yr (+/-0.08 mm/yr) relative to three sites to the north, indicating strain consistent with focal mechanisms of earthquake swarms in northern Arkansas. C1 [Frankel, Arthur] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Smalley, Robert; Paul, J.] Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Frankel, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM afrankel@usgs.gov; rsmalley@memphis.edu; jpuchkyl@memphis.edu FU National Science Foundation's Mid-America Earthquake Center [NSF EEC-9701785]; U.S. Geological Survey Geodetic Network FX We greatly benefited from the advice and assistance of John Langbein, in helping us to better estimate the uncertainties in rates. He suggested the use of the white-flicker-random walk noise model and provided substantial guidance in applying his program for the estimation of the noise amplitudes, rate, and uncertainty. He also supplied his program to remove data outliers. We thank Oliver Boyd and Yuehua Zeng for their helpful reviews that improved the manuscript, as well as their discussions on New Madrid Global Positioning System (GPS) data. James Savage and Charles Wicks provided helpful comments that led us to make improved uncertainty estimates. We also benefited from discussions on the GPS data with Leonardo Ramirez Guzman. We thank Eric Calais for providing his pole of rotation for stable North America and for his helpful explanations of the processing of GPS data. Jer-Ming Chiu of the University of Memphis kindly provided the hypocenters he determined from the PANDA array. We thank the National Science Foundation's Mid-America Earthquake Center (NSF EEC-9701785) and the U.S. Geological Survey Geodetic Network program for their support of the New Madrid GPS network. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 479 EP 489 DI 10.1785/0120100219 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916BO UT WOS:000302071800003 ER PT J AU Stephenson, WJ Odum, JK Williams, RA McBride, JH Tomlinson, I AF Stephenson, William J. Odum, Jack K. Williams, Robert A. McBride, John H. Tomlinson, Iris TI Characterization of Intrabasin Faulting and Deformation for Earthquake Hazards in Southern Utah Valley, Utah, from High-Resolution Seismic Imaging SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WASATCH FAULT; EXTENSIONAL SETTINGS; STRUCTURAL STYLE; CONCEALED FAULTS; REFLECTION DATA; TRENCH DATA; ZONE; DISPLACEMENT; PROPAGATION; MAGNITUDE AB We conducted active and passive seismic imaging investigations along a 5.6-km-long, east-west transect ending at the mapped trace of the Wasatch fault in southern Utah Valley. Using two-dimensional (2D) P-wave seismic reflection data, we imaged basin deformation and faulting to a depth of 1.4 km and developed a detailed interval velocity model for prestack depth migration and 2D ground-motion simulations. Passive-source microtremor data acquired at two sites along the seismic reflection transect resolve S-wave velocities of approximately 200 m/s at the surface to about 900 m/s at 160 m depth and confirm a substantial thickening of low-velocity material westward into the valley. From the P-wave reflection profile, we interpret shallow (100-600 m) bedrock deformation extending from the surface trace of the Wasatch fault to roughly 1.5 km west into the valley. The bedrock deformation is caused by multiple interpreted fault splays displacing fault blocks downward to the west of the range front. Further west in the valley, the P-wave data reveal subhorizontal horizons from approximately 90 to 900 m depth that vary in thickness and whose dip increases with depth eastward toward the Wasatch fault. Another inferred fault about 4 km west of the mapped Wasatch fault displaces horizons within the valley to as shallow as 100 m depth. The overall deformational pattern imaged in our data is consistent with the Wasatch fault migrating eastward through time and with the abandonment of earlier synextensional faults, as part of the evolution of an inferred 20-km-wide half-graben structure within Utah Valley. Finite-difference 2D modeling suggests the imaged subsurface basin geometry can cause fourfold variation in peak ground velocity over distances of 300 m. C1 [Stephenson, William J.; Odum, Jack K.; Williams, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [McBride, John H.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Tomlinson, Iris] Global Geophys Serv Inc, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Stephenson, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wstephens@usgs.gov FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program FX We thank David Worley for his diligence as observer during data acquisition, Richard Dart for field assistance, and Riley Brinkerhoff for his operation of the Minivib III seismic vehicle during common midpoint acquisition. This manuscript has been vastly improved by reviews from Rich Briggs, John Miller, and two anonymous reviewers. The Minivib III source truck was provided through contract by Industrial Vehicles International, Incorporated. The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program funded this investigation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 524 EP 540 DI 10.1785/0120110053 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916BO UT WOS:000302071800006 ER PT J AU Madziwa-Nussinov, T Wagoner, K Shore, P Hutt, CR Evans, JR Krishnan, N Cowsik, R AF Madziwa-Nussinov, T. Wagoner, K. Shore, P. Hutt, C. R. Evans, J. R. Krishnan, N. Cowsik, R. TI Characteristics and Response of a Rotational Seismometer to Seismic Signals SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSLATIONAL GROUND MOTIONS; RING LASER MEASUREMENTS; TAIWAN; EARTHQUAKES; EXPLOSIONS; TUTORIAL AB A rotational seismometer capable of in situ measurements of rotational oscillations and tilts has been developed and calibrated. Its sensitivity to rotations and tilts at frequencies above 10 mHz is similar to 10(-7) rad.s(-1) Hz(-0.5), and this meets the recommendations of the International Working Group on Rotational Seismology (IWGoRS) for instrumental sensitivities for rotational seismology in the near field and for engineering applications. The design and calibration of this instrument and its frequency-response function are presented, along with the signals initiated by an earthquake at a distance of similar to 120 km. Finally, the steps we are taking to build a field instrument based on the experience gained with this engineering model are briefly discussed. C1 [Madziwa-Nussinov, T.; Wagoner, K.; Cowsik, R.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Madziwa-Nussinov, T.; Wagoner, K.; Cowsik, R.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Shore, P.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hutt, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Evans, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Krishnan, N.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Gravitat Grp, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Madziwa-Nussinov, T (reprint author), Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0929946] FX We are indebted to W. H. K. Lee for encouraging us in the development of the rotational seismometer, R. Nigbor for suggestions regarding deployment of the instrument and operational support, and D. Wiens and M. Wysession for scientific discussions. This research was carried out under grant EAR-0929946 from the National Science Foundation. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 563 EP 573 DI 10.1785/0120110166 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916BO UT WOS:000302071800008 ER PT J AU Salisbury, JB Rockwell, TK Middleton, TJ Hudnut, KW AF Salisbury, J. B. Rockwell, T. K. Middleton, T. J. Hudnut, K. W. TI LiDAR and Field Observations of Slip Distribution for the Most Recent Surface Ruptures along the Central San Jacinto Fault SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ANDREAS FAULT; PREHISTORIC EARTHQUAKES; CARRIZO PLAIN; ZONE; MAGNITUDE; SEGMENTATION; DISPLACEMENT; SYSTEM; RATES AB We measured offsets on tectonically displaced geomorphic features along 80 km of the Clark strand of the San Jacinto fault (SJF) to estimate slip-per-event for the past several surface ruptures. We identify 168 offset features from which we make over 490 measurements using B4 light detection and ranging (LiDAR) imagery and field observations. Our results suggest that LiDAR technology is an exemplary supplement to traditional field methods in slip-per-event studies. Displacement estimates indicate that the most recent surface-rupturing event (MRE) produced an average of 2.5-2.9 m of right-lateral slip with maximum slip of nearly 4 m at Anza, a M-w 7.2-7.5 earthquake. Average multiple-event offsets for the same 80 kms are similar to 5.5 m, with maximum values of 3 m at Anza for the penultimate event. Cumulative displacements of 9-10 m through Anza suggest the third event was also similar in size. Paleoseismic work at Hog Lake dates the most recent surface rupture event at ca. 1790. A poorly located, large earthquake occurred in southern California on 22 November 1800; we relocate this event to the Clark fault based on the MRE at Hog Lake. We also recognize the occurrence of a younger rupture along similar to 15-20 km of the fault in Blackburn Canyon with similar to 1.25 m of average displacement. We attribute these offsets to the 21 April 1918 M-w 6.9 event. These data argue that much or all of the Clark fault, and possibly also the Casa Loma fault, fail together in large earthquakes, but that shorter sections may fail in smaller events. C1 [Hudnut, K. W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Salisbury, J. B.; Rockwell, T. K.; Middleton, T. J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Salisbury, JB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jbsalisb@asu.edu RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Rockwell, Thomas/0000-0001-5319-6447 FU Southern California Earthquake Center; NSF [EAR-0106924, EAR-0908515]; USGS [02HQAG0008, 08HQGR0063] FX This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center. The SCEC is funded by the NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. This research was also partially supported by the NSF grant EAR-0908515 and USGS grant 08HQGR0063. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1470. A special thanks to all the field assistants and landowners who made this project possible. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 17 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 598 EP 619 DI 10.1785/0120110068 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916BO UT WOS:000302071800011 ER PT J AU Convertito, V Caccavale, M De Matteis, R Emolo, A Wald, D Zollo, A AF Convertito, Vincenzo Caccavale, Mauro De Matteis, Raffaella Emolo, Antonio Wald, David Zollo, Aldo TI Fault Extent Estimation for Near-Real-Time Ground-Shaking Map Computation Purposes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG-MOTION RECORDS; PULSE-WIDTH DATA; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; SMALL EARTHQUAKES; MIDDLE-EAST; DIRECTIVITY; ACCELERATION; DISPLACEMENT; CALIFORNIA AB Rapid evaluation of strong ground-shaking maps after moderate-to-large earthquakes is crucial to recognizing those areas where the largest damage and losses are expected. These maps play a fundamental role for emergency management. This is particularly important for areas having high seismic risk potential and covered by dense seismic networks. In near-real-time applications, ground-shaking maps are produced by integrating recorded data and estimates obtained by using ground-motion predictive equations, which assume point-source models. However, particularly for large earthquakes, improvements in the predictions of the peak ground motion can be obtained when fault extension and orientation are available. In fact, detailed source information allows one to use a more robust source-to-site distance metric compared with hypocentral distance. In this paper, a technique for estimating both fault extent (in terms of its surface projection) and dominant rupture direction is presented. This technique can be used in near-real-time ground-motion map calculation codes with the aim of improving ground-motion estimates with respect to a point-source model. The model parameters are estimated by maximizing a probability density function based on the residuals between observed and predicted peak-ground-motion quantities, the latter obtained by using predictive equations. The model space to be investigated is defined through a Bayesian approach, and it is explored by a grid-searching technique. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by offline numerical tests using data from three earthquakes occurring in different seismotectonic environments. The selected earthquakes are the 17 August 1999 M-w 7.5 Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake, the 6 April 2009 M-w 6.3 L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake, and the 17 January 1994 M-w 6.7 Northridge (California) earthquake. The obtained results show that the proposed technique allows for fast and first order estimates of the fault extent and dominant rupture direction, which could be used to improve ground-shaking map calculations. C1 [Convertito, Vincenzo] Osserv Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Naples, Italy. [Caccavale, Mauro; Emolo, Antonio; Zollo, Aldo] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fis, Naples, Italy. [De Matteis, Raffaella] Univ Sannio, Dipartimento Studi Geol Ambientali, Benevento, Italy. [Wald, David] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Convertito, V (reprint author), Osserv Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Naples, Italy. EM vincenzo.convertito@ov.ingv.it RI zollo, aldo/B-5344-2010; Emolo, Antonio/E-3124-2010; Caccavale, Mauro/C-1693-2010; Convertito, Vincenzo/A-7405-2011; OI zollo, aldo/0000-0002-8191-9566; Emolo, Antonio/0000-0001-8390-4168; Caccavale, Mauro/0000-0003-4389-9370; Convertito, Vincenzo/0000-0002-7115-7502; DE MATTEIS, Raffaella/0000-0003-2821-0539; Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 FU Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri-Dipartimento della Protezione Civile [DPC-INGV-S3] FX This research has benefited from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri-Dipartimento della Protezione Civile in the framework of the Research Project DPC-INGV-S3. We wish to thank Kuo-Wan Lin and Bruce Worden for their comments. Suggestions by associate editor David D. Oglesby, Alberto Michelini, and one anonymous reviewer greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 661 EP 679 DI 10.1785/0120100306 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916BO UT WOS:000302071800015 ER PT J AU Di Alessandro, C Bonilla, LF Boore, DM Rovelli, A Scotti, O AF Di Alessandro, Carola Bonilla, Luis Fabian Boore, David M. Rovelli, Antonio Scotti, Oona TI Predominant-Period Site Classification for Response Spectra Prediction Equations in Italy SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG-MOTION DATA; M-W 6.3; GROUND-MOTION; HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; LAQUILA EARTHQUAKE; VELOCITY PROFILES; SEISMIC SEQUENCE; AMBIENT NOISE; RATIO; WAVE AB We propose a site-classification scheme based on the predominant period of the site, as determined from the average horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios of ground motion. Our scheme extends Zhao et al. (2006) classifications by adding two classes, the most important of which is defined by flat H/V ratios with amplitudes less than 2. The proposed classification is investigated by using 5%-damped response spectra from Italian earthquake records. We select a dataset of 602 three-component analog and digital recordings from 120 earthquakes recorded at 214 seismic stations within a hypocentral distance of 200 km. Selected events are in the moment-magnitude range 4.0 <= M-w <= 6.8 and focal depths from a few kilometers to 46 km. We computed H/V ratios for these data and used them to classify each site into one of six classes. We then investigate the impact of this classification scheme on empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) by comparing its performance with that of the conventional rock/soil classification. Although the adopted approach results in only a small reduction of the overall standard deviation, the use of H/V spectral ratios in site classification does capture the signature of sites with flat frequency-response, as well as deep and shallow-soil profiles, characterized by long-and short-period resonance, respectively; in addition, the classification scheme is relatively quick and inexpensive, which is an advantage over schemes based on measurements of shear-wave velocity. C1 [Di Alessandro, Carola; Rovelli, Antonio] Univ Calif Berkeley, PEER, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bonilla, Luis Fabian] IFSTTAR, Dept Geotech Eau & Risques, Grp Seismes & Vibrat, F-75732 Paris 15, France. [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Scotti, Oona] Inst Radiol Protect & Nucl Safety IRSN, F-92260 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. [Di Alessandro, Carola; Rovelli, Antonio] INGV, I-00143 Rome, Italy. RP Di Alessandro, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, PEER, 325 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM carola.dialessandro@berkeley.edu; fabian.bonilla@lcpc.fr; boore@usgs.gov; antonio.rovelli@ingv.it; oona.scotti@irsn.fr RI scotti, oona/A-5894-2013; Bonilla, Luis Fabian/K-5092-2012 OI scotti, oona/0000-0002-6640-9090; FU Department of Civil Protection of Italy [S4] FX This study began as a part of a Cooperative Agreement between the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) and Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Volcanologia (INGV) for the years 2005-2007 and continued in Project S4 funded by the Department of Civil Protection of Italy for 2007-2010 (http://esse4.mi.ingv.it). C.D.A. was supported by a fellowship from this project. She spent two years as a visiting scientist at the USGS, Menlo Park, California, and is currently a postdoctoral fellow at PEER Center, University of California, Berkeley, California. We thank the project codirectors, Francesca Pacor and Roberto Paolucci, for their continuous encouragement. The authors acknowledge Antonella Gorini for the assistance in processing the strong-motion data. John Zhao provided the code for the evaluation of his ground-motion prediction equations. Marco Moro provided the GIS-base for the simplified soil classification of the Italian territory, and Giuseppe Di Capua helped with the soil characterization for some stations by means of cooperative information exchange. We also thank Giovanna Calderoni, Fabrizio Cara, Giuseppe Di Giulio, and Giuliano Milana for discussions and useful computational advice. Finally, we thank Dino Bindi, J.B. Fletcher, Sinan Akkar, and John Zhao for useful reviews that improved the paper. NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 680 EP 695 DI 10.1785/0120110084 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916BO UT WOS:000302071800016 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Sisi, AA Akkar, S AF Boore, David M. Sisi, Aida Azari Akkar, Sinan TI Using Pad-Stripped Acausally Filtered Strong-Motion Data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE SPECTRA; EARTHQUAKE AB Most strong-motion data processing involves acausal low-cut filtering, which requires the addition of sometimes lengthy zero pads to the data. These padded sections are commonly removed by organizations supplying data, but this can lead to incompatibilities in measures of ground motion derived in the usual way from the padded and the pad-stripped data. One way around this is to use the correct initial conditions in the pad-stripped time series when computing displacements, velocities, and linear oscillator response. Another way of ensuring compatibility is to use postprocessing of the pad-stripped acceleration time series. Using 4071 horizontal and vertical acceleration time series from the Turkish strong-motion database, we show that the procedures used by two organizations-ITACA (ITalian ACcelerometric Archive) and PEER NGA (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center-Next Generation Attenuation)-lead to little bias and distortion of derived seismic-intensity measures. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sisi, Aida Azari; Akkar, Sinan] Middle E Tech Univ, Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; aida.sisi@metu.edu.tr; sakkar@metu.edu.tr FU SHARE (Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe); NERA (Network of European Research Infrastructures for Earthquake Risk Assessment and Mitigation); EC [226967, 262330] FX We thank Norm Abrahamson for providing his postprocessing program, Walt Silva for sharing his subroutine for Butterworth frequency-domain filter response, and Francesca Pacor and Marco Massa for sending us R. Puglia's ITACA processing code and for answering questions about the processing. We thank Bob Darragh and Walt Silva for a number of useful discussions regarding the details of the processing procedures used for the NGA project as well as processing two records provided by us. Discussions with Chris Stephens were very useful. The work to develop the strong-motion database used herein was supported by the SHARE (Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe) and NERA (Network of European Research Infrastructures for Earthquake Risk Assessment and Mitigation) projects funded under contracts 226967 and 262330 of the EC-Research Framework Programme FP7, respectively. We are grateful to Dino Bindi, Bob Darragh, John Douglas, Eric Chael, Francesca Pacor, and Chris Stephens for insightful reviews that improved the article. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 751 EP 760 DI 10.1785/0120110222 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916BO UT WOS:000302071800021 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Thompson, EM AF Boore, David M. Thompson, Eric M. TI Empirical Improvements for Estimating Earthquake Response Spectra with Random-Vibration Theory SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOTION PREDICTION EQUATIONS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GROUND-MOTION; ATTENUATION; EXCITATION; CALIFORNIA; SIMULATION; AMPLITUDES; MODELS AB The stochastic method of ground-motion simulation is often used in combination with the random-vibration theory to directly compute ground-motion intensity measures, thereby bypassing the more computationally intensive time-domain simulations. Key to the application of random-vibration theory to simulate response spectra is determining the duration (D-rms) used in computing the root-mean-square oscillator response. Boore and Joyner (1984) originally proposed an equation for D-rms, which was improved upon by Liu and Pezeshk (1999). Though these equations are both substantial improvements over using the duration of the ground-motion excitation for D-rms, we document systematic differences between the ground-motion intensity measures derived from the random-vibration and time-domain methods for both of these D-rms equations. These differences are generally less than 10% for most magnitudes, distances, and periods of engineering interest. Given the systematic nature of the differences, however, we feel that improved equations are warranted. We empirically derive new equations from time-domain simulations for eastern and western North America seismological models. The new equations improve the random-vibration simulations over a wide range of magnitudes, distances, and oscillator periods. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thompson, Eric M.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; eric.thompson@tufts.edu RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 761 EP 772 DI 10.1785/0120110244 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916BO UT WOS:000302071800022 ER PT J AU McNamara, D Meremonte, M Maharrey, JZ Mildore, SL Altidore, JR Anglade, D Hough, SE Given, D Benz, H Gee, L Frankel, A AF McNamara, D. Meremonte, M. Maharrey, J. Z. Mildore, S-L. Altidore, J. R. Anglade, D. Hough, S. E. Given, D. Benz, H. Gee, L. Frankel, A. TI Frequency-Dependent Seismic Attenuation within the Hispaniola Island Region of the Caribbean Sea SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; 2010 HAITI EARTHQUAKE; NEW-YORK-STATE; GROUND-MOTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LG ATTENUATION; SOUTHEASTERN CANADA; SHEAR-WAVES; CRUST; PROPAGATION AB We determine frequency-dependent attenuation 1/Q(f) for the Hispaniola region using direct S and Lg waves over five distinct passbands from 0.5 to 16 Hz. Data consist of 832 high-quality vertical and horizontal component waveforms recorded on short-period and broadband seismometers from the devastating 12 January 2010 M 7.0 Haiti earthquake and the rich sequence of aftershocks. For the distance range 250-700 km, we estimate an average frequency-dependent Q(f) = 224(+/-27)f(0.64(+/-0.073)) using horizontal components of motion and note that Q(f) estimated with Lg at regional distances is very consistent across vertical and horizontal components. We also determine a Q(f) = 142(+/-21)f(0.71(+/-0.11)) for direct S waves at local distances, <= 100 km. The strong attenuation observed on both vertical and horizontal components of motion is consistent with expectations for a tectonically active region. C1 [McNamara, D.; Meremonte, M.; Maharrey, J. Z.; Benz, H.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Mildore, S-L.; Altidore, J. R.; Anglade, D.] Bur Mines & Energie, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Hough, S. E.; Given, D.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Gee, L.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Frankel, A.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. RP McNamara, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. EM mcnamara@usgs.gov; meremonte@usgs.gov; maharrey@usgs.gov; benz@usgs.gov; lgee@usgs.gov; afrankel@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 773 EP 782 DI 10.1785/0120110137 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916BO UT WOS:000302071800023 ER PT J AU Ringler, AT Hutt, CR Aster, R Bolton, H Gee, LS Storm, T AF Ringler, A. T. Hutt, C. R. Aster, R. Bolton, H. Gee, L. S. Storm, T. TI Estimating Pole-Zero Errors in GSN-IRIS/USGS Network Calibration Metadata SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Mapping the digital record of a seismograph into true ground motion requires the correction of the data by some description of the instrument's response. For the Global Seismographic Network (Butler et al., 2004), as well as many other networks, this instrument response is represented as a Laplace domain pole-zero model and published in the Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) format. This Laplace representation assumes that the seismometer behaves as a linear system, with any abrupt changes described adequately via multiple time-invariant epochs. The SEED format allows for published instrument response errors as well, but these typically have not been estimated or provided to users. We present an iterative three-step method to estimate the instrument response parameters (poles and zeros) and their associated errors using random calibration signals. First, we solve a coarse nonlinear inverse problem using a least-squares grid search to yield a first approximation to the solution. This approach reduces the likelihood of poorly estimated parameters (a local-minimum solution) caused by noise in the calibration records and enhances algorithm convergence. Second, we iteratively solve a nonlinear parameter estimation problem to obtain the least-squares best-fit Laplace pole-zero-gain model. Third, by applying the central limit theorem, we estimate the errors in this pole-zero model by solving the inverse problem at each frequency in a two-thirds octave band centered at each best-fit pole-zero frequency. This procedure yields error estimates of the 99% confidence interval. We demonstrate the method by applying it to a number of recent Incorporated Research Institutions in Seismology/United States Geological Survey (IRIS/USGS) network calibrations (network code IU). C1 [Ringler, A. T.; Hutt, C. R.; Bolton, H.; Gee, L. S.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Aster, R.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Storm, T.] Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. RP Ringler, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 836 EP 841 DI 10.1785/0120110195 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916BO UT WOS:000302071800029 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Prejean, S Ruppert, N AF Gomberg, Joan Prejean, Stephanie Ruppert, Natalia TI Afterslip, Tremor, and the Denali Fault Earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; STRIKE-SLIP EARTHQUAKES; RUPTURE PROCESS; ALASKA; DEFORMATION; MECHANICS; BENEATH; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD; MODELS AB We tested the hypothesis that afterslip should be accompanied by tremor using observations of seismic and aseismic deformation surrounding the 2002 M 7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake (DFE). Afterslip happens more frequently than spontaneous slow slip and has been observed in a wider range of tectonic environments, and thus the existence or absence of tremor accompanying afterslip may provide new clues about tremor generation. We also searched for precursory tremor, as a proxy for posited accelerating slip leading to rupture. Our search yielded no tremor during the five days prior to the DFE or in several intervals in the three months after. This negative result and an array of other observations all may be explained by rupture penetrating below the presumed locked zone into the frictional transition zone. While not unique, such an explanation corroborates previous models of megathrust and transform earthquake ruptures that extend well into the transition zone. C1 [Gomberg, Joan] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Prejean, Stephanie] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ruppert, Natalia] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov; sprejean@usgs.gov; natasha@gi.alaska.edu NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 892 EP 899 DI 10.1785/0120110142 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916BO UT WOS:000302071800038 ER PT J AU Wolff, BA Johnson, BM Breton, AR Martinez, PJ Winkelman, DL AF Wolff, Brian A. Johnson, Brett M. Breton, Andre R. Martinez, Patrick J. Winkelman, Dana L. TI Origins of invasive piscivores determined from the strontium isotope ratio (Sr-87/Sr-86) of otoliths SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLORADO RIVER; UNITED-STATES; MARINE FISH; FRESH-WATER; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; DESCRIBE MOVEMENTS; NATAL ORIGINS; SR-ISOTOPE; SIGNATURES AB We examined strontium isotope ratios (Sr-87/Sr-86) in fish otoliths to determine the origins of invasive piscivores in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB, western USA). We examined Sr-87/Sr-86 from fishes in different reservoirs, as well as the temporal stability and interspecies variability of Sr-87/Sr-86 of fishes within reservoirs, determined if Sr-87/Sr-86 would be useful for "fingerprinting" reservoirs where invasive piscivores may have been escaping into riverine habitat of endangered fishes in the UCRB, and looked for evidence that such movement was occurring. Our results showed that in most cases Sr-87/Sr-86 was unique among reservoirs, overlapped among species in a given reservoir, and was temporally stable across years. We identified the likely reservoir of origin of river-caught fish in some cases, and we were also able to determine the year of possible escapement. The approach allowed us to precisely describe the Sr-87/Sr-86 fingerprint of reservoir fishes, trace likely origins of immigrant river fish, and exclude potential sources, enabling managers to focus control efforts more efficiently. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of Sr-87/Sr-86 as a site-specific and temporally stable marker for reservoir fish and its promise for tracking fish movements of invasive fishes in river-reservoir systems. C1 [Wolff, Brian A.; Johnson, Brett M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Winkelman, Dana L.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Martinez, Patrick J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. RP Wolff, BA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1474 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wolffba@gmail.com FU Bureau of Reclamation FX Many thanks are extended to the biologists working in the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program for providing fish samples. We thank Scot Birdwhistell and Jurek Blusztajn at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Plasma Mass Spectrometry Facility for their assistance with otolith ablation analysis. Simon Thorrold, WHOI, provided valuable advice regarding isotopic analysis. Thanks go to the Recovery Program and the Bureau of Reclamation for providing financial support. Lastly, we thank the three anonymous reviewers, Bronwyn Gillanders (Associate Editor), and Rolf Vinebrooke (Co-Editor), whose thoughtful comments greatly increased the overall quality of our manuscript. NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 33 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 69 IS 4 BP 724 EP 739 DI 10.1139/F2012-009 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 918AW UT WOS:000302222200009 ER PT J AU Ferguson, JM Taper, ML Guy, CS Syslo, JM AF Ferguson, Jake M. Taper, Mark L. Guy, Christopher S. Syslo, John M. TI Mechanisms of coexistence between native bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): inferences from pattern-oriented modeling SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Determining the ecological mechanisms that control population abundances is an important issue for the conservation of endangered and threatened species. We examined whether a threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population could coexist at observed levels with the ecologically similar introduced species, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), using a pattern-oriented analysis of population dynamics models. We used a large suite of stage-and age-structured models to examine how both competitive and predatory interactions, combined with differing life-history strategies and species vital rates, drove salmonid coexistence patterns. In our models, an ontogenetic shift in juvenile bull trout resource use was the most important factor contributing to the two species coexistence; however, this coexistence occurred with reduced abundances in bull trout that increase the chances of extirpation for the native species. Observed levels of competition were found to have stronger effects than predation on population abundances. We used a pattern-oriented modeling approach to inference; this approach assumes process models that can generate patterns similar to the observed patterns are better supported than those that cannot. This methodology may find wide use on a number of data-limited fishery management and conservation problems. C1 [Ferguson, Jake M.; Taper, Mark L.; Syslo, John M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Ferguson, JM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM troutinthemilk@ufl.edu RI Ferguson, Jake/A-7093-2013 OI Ferguson, Jake/0000-0002-5034-9089 FU NSF [DEB 0717456] FX We thank Lora Tenant, Michael Meeuwig, and Garrett Dickman for reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript, as well as Michael Meeuwig and Felipe Carvalho for their assistance with Fig. 1. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor William Tonn for their suggestions that have greatly improved the quality and scope of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for description purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. MLT was partly supported by NSF grant DEB 0717456. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 69 IS 4 BP 755 EP 769 DI 10.1139/F2011-177 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 918AW UT WOS:000302222200011 ER PT J AU Sundstrom, SM Allen, CR Barichievy, C AF Sundstrom, Shana M. Allen, Craig R. Barichievy, Chris TI Species, Functional Groups, and Thresholds in Ecological Resilience SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; cross-scale resilience; endangered species conservation; functional groups; grassland; regime shifts ID CORAL-REEF; RESPONSE DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; REGIME SHIFTS; BODY-SIZE; BIODIVERSITY; SCALE; DISCONTINUITIES; CONSERVATION AB The cross-scale resilience model states that ecological resilience is generated in part from the distribution of functions within and across scales in a system. Resilience is a measure of a system's ability to remain organized around a particular set of mutually reinforcing processes and structures, known as a regime. We define scale as the geographic extent over which a process operates and the frequency with which a process occurs. Species can be categorized into functional groups that are a link between ecosystem processes and structures and ecological resilience. We applied the cross-scale resilience model to avian species in a grassland ecosystem. A species morphology is shaped in part by its interaction with ecological structure and pattern, so animal body mass reflects the spatial and temporal distribution of resources. We used the log-transformed rank-ordered body masses of breeding birds associated with grasslands to identify aggregations and discontinuities in the distribution of those body masses. We assessed cross-scale resilience on the basis of 3 metrics: overall number of functional groups, number of functional groups within an aggregation, and the redundancy of functional groups across aggregations. We assessed how the loss of threatened species would affect cross-scale resilience by removing threatened species from the data set and recalculating values of the 3 metrics. We also determined whether more function was retained than expected after the loss of threatened species by comparing observed loss with simulated random loss in a Monte Carlo process. The observed distribution of function compared with the random simulated loss of function indicated that more functionality in the observed data set was retained than expected. On the basis of our results, we believe an ecosystem with a full complement of species can sustain considerable species losses without affecting the distribution of functions within and across aggregations, although ecological resilience is reduced. We propose that the mechanisms responsible for shaping discontinuous distributions of body mass and the nonrandom distribution of functions may also shape species losses such that local extinctions will be nonrandom with respect to the retention and distribution of functions and that the distribution of function within and across aggregations will be conserved despite extinctions. C1 [Sundstrom, Shana M.; Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sundstrom, Shana M.] Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Barichievy, Chris] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Anim Plant & Environm Sci, Ctr Water Environm, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Sundstrom, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sundstrom.shana@gmail.com RI Allen, Craig/J-4464-2012; OI Sundstrom, Shana/0000-0003-0823-8008 FU National Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada; James S. McDonnell Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation FX S. M.S. was supported by a National Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada Graduate Scholarship grant. C. R. A. was supported by a 21st Century Research Award-Studying Complex Systems from the James S. McDonnell Foundation. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. C. B. was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 99 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01822.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914VO UT WOS:000301981100014 PM 22443132 ER PT J AU Kefi, S Berlow, EL Wieters, EA Navarrete, SA Petchey, OL Wood, SA Boit, A Joppa, LN Lafferty, KD Williams, RJ Martinez, ND Menge, BA Blanchette, CA Iles, AC Brose, U AF Kefi, Sonia Berlow, Eric L. Wieters, Evie A. Navarrete, Sergio A. Petchey, Owen L. Wood, Spencer A. Boit, Alice Joppa, Lucas N. Lafferty, Kevin D. Williams, Richard J. Martinez, Neo D. Menge, Bruce A. Blanchette, Carol A. Iles, Alison C. Brose, Ulrich TI More than a meal ... integrating non-feeding interactions into food webs SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ecological network; ecosystem engineering; facilitation; food web; interaction modification; non-trophic interactions; trophic interactions ID ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PREDATOR INTERFERENCE; INTERACTION STRENGTHS; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB Organisms eating each other are only one of many types of well documented and important interactions among species. Other such types include habitat modification, predator interference and facilitation. However, ecological network research has been typically limited to either pure food webs or to networks of only a few (<3) interaction types. The great diversity of non-trophic interactions observed in nature has been poorly addressed by ecologists and largely excluded from network theory. Herein, we propose a conceptual framework that organises this diversity into three main functional classes defined by how they modify specific parameters in a dynamic food web model. This approach provides a path forward for incorporating non-trophic interactions in traditional food web models and offers a new perspective on tackling ecological complexity that should stimulate both theoretical and empirical approaches to understanding the patterns and dynamics of diverse species interactions in nature. C1 [Kefi, Sonia; Brose, Ulrich] Univ Gottingen, JF Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. [Kefi, Sonia] Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Sci Evolut, CNRS, UMR 5554, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. [Berlow, Eric L.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95389 USA. [Berlow, Eric L.; Martinez, Neo D.] Pacific Ecoinformat & Computat Ecol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. [Berlow, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Wieters, Evie A.; Navarrete, Sergio A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Depto Ecol, Estn Costera Invest Marinas, Santiago, Chile. [Wieters, Evie A.; Navarrete, Sergio A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Depto Ecol, Ctr Adv Studies Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago, Chile. [Wieters, Evie A.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Petchey, Owen L.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Petchey, Owen L.] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Wood, Spencer A.] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Boit, Alice] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. [Joppa, Lucas N.; Williams, Richard J.] Microsoft Res, Computat Ecol & Environm Sci, Cambridge CB3 0FB, England. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Menge, Bruce A.; Iles, Alison C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Blanchette, Carol A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. RP Kefi, S (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, JF Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, Berliner Str 28, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. EM sonia.kefi@univ-montp2.fr RI Petchey, Owen/D-8851-2011; Martinez, Neo/A-5312-2008; Menge, Bruce/I-6571-2012; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Navarrete, Sergio/D-4645-2013; Williams, Richard/B-8344-2011; Brose, Ulrich /I-3488-2014; OI Petchey, Owen/0000-0002-7724-1633; Martinez, Neo/0000-0002-1130-5550; Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Williams, Richard/0000-0001-8847-3213; Kefi, Sonia/0000-0002-9678-7770 FU Alexander von Humboldt foundation; Fondap Fondecyt [15001-001]; Fondecyt [107335, 1100920, 7100021]; Rhodes University; Royal Society; German Research Foundation (BR) [2315/13-1]; NSF; AW Mellon Foundation; D & L Packard Foundation; G & B Moore Foundation; W & G Valley Foundation; NSERC FX Part of SK and ELB's research was funded by a Humboldt fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt foundation. A number of grants to SAN and EAW have allowed data collection and experimentation on Chilean rocky shores. Of these, a Fondap Fondecyt 15001-001 (CASEB) and Fondecyt #107335 to SAN and a Fondecyt #1100920 grant to EAW have been instrumental. This international collaboration would not have been possible without support from Rhodes University Fellowship to EAW, and a Fondecyt International Collaboration grant #7100021 to SAN and ELB. OLP received funding as a Royal Society University Research Fellow. UB is supported by the German Research Foundation (BR 2315/13-1). BAM has been supported by grants from NSF, and the AW Mellon, D & L Packard, G & B Moore and W & G Valley Foundations. ACI was supported by these and an NSERC Graduate Fellowship. This is publication #411 from PISCO (Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans) supported in part by the D & L Packard and G & B Moore Foundations. We would like to thank John McLaughlin and Erin Mordecai, five anonymous referees and the editor for very helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 81 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 10 U2 163 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2012 VL 15 IS 4 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01732.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906MP UT WOS:000301349600001 PM 22313549 ER PT J AU Kaemingk, MA Jolley, JC Willis, DW Chipps, SR AF Kaemingk, Mark A. Jolley, Jeffrey C. Willis, David W. Chipps, Steven R. TI Priority effects among young-of-the-year fish: reduced growth of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) caused by yellow perch (Perca flavescens)? SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bluegill; competition; Daphnia; priority effects; yellow perch ID ONEIDA-LAKE; NEW-YORK; POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS; GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS; MIDSUMMER DECLINE; FEEDING STRATEGY; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; ZOOPLANKTON; DAPHNIA; RECRUITMENT AB 1. When available, Daphnia spp. are often preferred by age-0 yellow perch and bluegill sunfish because of energetic profitability. We hypothesised that predation by age-0 yellow perch could lead to a midsummer decline (MSD) of Daphnia spp. and that priority effects may favour yellow perch because they hatch before bluegill, allowing them to capitalise on Daphnia spp. prior to bluegill emergence. 2. Data were collected from 2004 to 2010 in Pelican Lake, Nebraska, U. S. A. The lake experienced a prolonged MSD in all but 1 year (2005), generally occurring within the first 2 weeks of June except in 2008 and 2010 when it occurred at the end of June. MSD timing is not solely related to seasonal patterns of age-0 yellow perch consumption. Nevertheless, when Daphnia spp. biomass was low during 2004 and 2006-2010 (<4 mg wet weight L-1), predation by age-0 yellow perch seems to have suppressed Daphnia spp. biomass (i.e. <1.0 mg wet weight L-1). The exception was 2005 when age-0 yellow perch were absent. 3. Growth of age-0 bluegill was significantly faster in 2005, when Daphnia spp. were available in greater densities (>4 mg wet weight L-1) compared with the other years (<0.2 mg wet weight L-1). 4. We conclude that age-0 yellow perch are capable of reducing Daphnia biomass prior to the arrival of age-0 bluegill, ultimately slowing bluegill growth. Thus, priority effects favour age-0 yellow perch when competing with age-0 bluegill for Daphnia. However, these effects may be minimised if there is a shorter time between hatching of the two species, higher Daphnia spp. densities or lower age-0 yellow perch densities. C1 [Kaemingk, Mark A.; Willis, David W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Jolley, Jeffrey C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Kaemingk, MA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM mark.kaemingk@sdstate.edu FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-118-R] FX We are grateful to all the technicians who assisted in the field and laboratory. M. Lindvall and Valentine National Wildlife Refuge provided access to Pelican Lake. We thank D. Graham, D. Hartmann, D. Krueger and the Valentine State Fish Hatchery for assistance. Thanks to M. Wuellner, SDSU Comprehensive Ecology and Fisheries Discussion Group, and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-118-R. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 654 EP 665 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02728.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 904VR UT WOS:000301227000002 ER PT J AU Grau, EG Nishioka, RS Bern, A Hirano, T Borski, R Clarke, C Foskett, K Guillette, LJ Iguchi, T Jones, LA Loretz, C McCormick, S MacLachlan, A Mason, CA Mills, KT Nagahama, Y Nicoll, CS Richman, NH Sheridan, M Specker, JL Sullivan, JJ Turner, T Young, G AF Grau, E. Gordon Nishioka, Richard S. Bern, Alan Hirano, Tetsuya Borski, Russell Clarke, Craig Foskett, Kevin Guillette, Louis J., Jr. Iguchi, Taisen Jones, Lovell A. Loretz, Christopher McCormick, Stephen MacLachlan, Anne Mason, Carol A. Mills, Karen T. Nagahama, Yoshitaka Nicoll, Charles S. Richman, N. Harold Sheridan, Mark Specker, Jennifer L. Sullivan, James J. Turner, Timothy Young, Graham TI In memory of Professor Howard A. Bern In Memoriam SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Grau, E. Gordon] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Nishioka, Richard S.; MacLachlan, Anne; Nicoll, Charles S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bern, Alan] Berkeley Publ Lib, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Hirano, Tetsuya] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Borski, Russell] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Clarke, Craig] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Foskett, Kevin] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. [Iguchi, Taisen] Okazaki Natl Res Inst, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. [Jones, Lovell A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Loretz, Christopher] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [McCormick, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [McCormick, Stephen] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Amherst, NY USA. [Mason, Carol A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Nagahama, Yoshitaka] Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. [Nagahama, Yoshitaka] S Ehime Fisheries Res Ctr, Inst Collaborat Relat, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. [Sheridan, Mark] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND USA. [Specker, Jennifer L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Turner, Timothy] Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Young, Graham] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Grau, EG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM grau@hawaii.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 176 IS 2 BP 121 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.02.004 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 921BQ UT WOS:000302453400001 PM 22553784 ER PT J AU Shaw, SL Chipps, SR Windels, SK Webb, MAH McLeod, DT Willis, DW AF Shaw, S. L. Chipps, S. R. Windels, S. K. Webb, M. A. H. McLeod, D. T. Willis, D. W. TI Lake sturgeon population attributes and reproductive structure in the Namakan Reservoir, Minnesota and Ontario SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; RIVER; DETERMINANTS; HABITAT; GROWTH AB Quantified were the age, growth, mortality and reproductive structure of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) collected in the US and Canadian waters of the Namakan Reservoir. The hypotheses were tested that (i) age and growth of lake sturgeon in the Namakan Reservoir would differ by sex and reproductive stage of maturity, and (ii) that the relative strength of year-classes of lake sturgeon in the reservoir would be affected by environmental variables. To quantify age, growth and mortality of the population, existing data was used from a multi-agency database containing information on all lake sturgeon sampled in the reservoir from 2004 to 2009. Lake sturgeon were sampled in the Minnesota and Ontario waters of the Namakan Reservoir using multi-filament gillnets 1.8 m high and 30100 m long and varying in mesh size from 178 to 356 mm stretch. Reproductive structure of the lake sturgeon was assessed only during spring 2008 and 2009 using plasma testosterone and estradiol-17 beta concentrations. Ages of lake sturgeon >75 cm ranged from 9 to 86 years (n = 533, mean = 36 years). A catch-curve analysis using the 19811953 year classes estimated total annual mortality of adults to be 4.8% and annual survival as 95.2%. Using logistic regression analysis, it was found that total annual precipitation was positively associated with lake sturgeon year-class strength in the Namakan Reservoir. A 10 cm increase in total annual precipitation was associated with at least a 39% increase in the odds of occurrence of a strong year class of lake sturgeon in the reservoir. Plasma steroid analysis revealed a sex ratio of 2.4 females: 1 male and, on average, 10% of female and 30% of male lake sturgeon were reproductively mature each year (i.e. potential spawners). Moreover, there was evidence based on re-captured male fish of both periodic and annual spawning, as well as the ability of males to rapidly undergo gonadal maturation prior to spawning. Knowledge of lake sturgeon reproductive structure and factors influencing recruitment success contribute to the widespread conservation efforts for this threatened species. C1 [Chipps, S. R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Webb, M. A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [McLeod, D. T.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Ft Frances, ON, Canada. [Windels, S. K.] Voyageurs Natl Pk, Int Falls, MN USA. RP Shaw, SL (reprint author), Univ Florida, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU National Park Service (CESU) [J6820081161]; US Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank T. Brezden, T. Burri, J. Butcher, C. Debruyne, J. Eibler, M. Fincel, B. Flatten, K. Gebhardt, C. Glase, J. Glase, B. Halliday, B. Henning, P. Hogan, D. James, L. Kallemyn, M. Lebron, D. Lilja, B. McLaren, H. Meyer, M. Moseley, W. Nixon, A. Rob, L. Schultz, C. Sundmark, M. Thul, and C. Trembath, for technical assistance in the field, and E. Cureton at the Bozeman Fish Technology Center for analysis of sex steroid concentrations. G. Adams and S. Mann assisted with age-analysis of lake sturgeon. Funding for this project was provided by the National Park Service (CESU Agreement J6820081161). The USGS South Dakota Coop Unit is jointly supported by the US Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01927.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 902PW UT WOS:000301051400002 ER PT J AU Sanders, TA Otis, DL AF Sanders, Todd A. Otis, David L. TI Mourning dove reporting probabilities for web-address versus toll-free bands SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE band; harvest rates; mourning dove; recovery probability; recovery rate; reporting probability; reporting rate; toll free; web address; Zenaida macroura ID REWARD BAND; RATES; MALLARDS; WATERFOWL AB Federal migratory bird bands have been inscribed with a postal address and toll-free telephone number (toll-free bands) since 1995 for their reporting, but in 2007 the postal mail address was replaced with an internet address (web-address bands). The reporting rate of web-address bands is unknown, and knowledge of band reporting probabilities is an integral part of bird band-recovery studies designed to obtain unbiased estimates of harvest rates and recovery rates if use of band types differs across space and time. We estimated web-address band reporting probabilities for mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) in the United States by comparing the relative recovery rate (ratio) of web-address to toll-free bands and applying this as an adjustment factor to the known reporting probabilities of toll-free bands. Cooperators banded 132,386 doves representing 57,982 (44%) web-address and 74,404 (56%) toll-free bands in July and August during 20082010 across 34 states, 12 regions, and 3 management units. Of the birds banded, 4,642 (3.5%) were direct recoveries, as a result of being shot, and all but 3 were reported via telephone or internet. Nationally, internet reporting accounted for 16.3% of toll-free bands and 42.9% of web-address bands recovered. Web-address bands had a greater recovery rate than toll-free bands (ratio?=?1.081, SE?=?0.027). We found some evidence of spatial variation in ratio estimates at management unit and regional scales, but the variation was primarily at the regional level where it was not great (range?=?1.0151.213) and statistical support for this variation was not particularly strong (SE?=?0.129). Nationally, the web-address band reporting probability was 0.535 (SE?=?0.021), an absolute increase of 0.040 compared to the reporting probability of toll-free bands. The additional reporting probability of web-address bands relative to toll-free bands must be accounted for in band-recovery studies used to obtain estimates of harvest rates and recovery rates if use of band types differs across space and time for mourning doves and possibly other species. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Sanders, Todd A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Otis, David L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sanders, TA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM todd_sanders@fws.gov FU cooperating state wildlife agencies FX Funding for this study was provided by cooperating state wildlife agencies (see Fig. 1 for cooperating states or Table S1, available online at www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com). We are indebted to the hundreds of people who trapped and banded birds and the state coordinators who organized these efforts in their respective state (see Table S1, available online at www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com). We thank J. Schulz for his foresight in suggesting and helping foster the study. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agency's Mourning Dove Task Force provided essential coordination for the study and helpful feedback. The United States Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory provided data and essential staff support, particularly K. Jones who helped with logistics of band acquisition and distribution. We are grateful to P. Dixon, Iowa State University, for suggesting use of the BLUP estimation technique. G. Zimmerman kindly helped with SAS code to recalculate toll-free band reporting probabilities. R. Trost provided valuable comments on a first draft of the manuscript, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided excellent subsequent peer review. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 480 EP 488 DI 10.1002/jwmg.290 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 914EN UT WOS:000301932100007 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, DR Casalena, MJ Schiavone, MV Reynolds, M Eriksen, R Vreeland, WC Swift, B Boyd, RC AF Diefenbach, Duane R. Casalena, Mary Jo Schiavone, Michael V. Reynolds, Michael Eriksen, Robert Vreeland, Wendy C. Swift, Bryan Boyd, Robert C. TI Variation in spring harvest rates of male wild turkeys in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE harvest rate; hunting mortality; Meleagris gallapavo; New York; Ohio; Pennsylvania; spring hunting; survival; wild turkey ID TAILED DEER HARVEST; REPORTING RATES; WEST-VIRGINIA; SURVIVAL; BANDS AB Spring harvest rates of male wild turkeys (Meleagris gallapavo) influence the number and proportion of adult males in the population and turkey population models have treated harvest as additive to other sources of mortality. Therefore, hunting regulations and their effect on spring harvest rates have direct implications for hunter satisfaction. We used tag recovery models to estimate survival rates, investigate spatial, temporal, and demographic variability in harvest rates, and assess how harvest rates may be related to management strategies and landscape characteristics. We banded 3,266 male wild turkeys throughout New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania during 20062009. We found little evidence that harvest rates varied by year or management zone. The proportion of the landscape that was forested within 6.5?km of the capture location was negatively related to harvest rates; however, even though the proportion forested ranged from 0.008 to 0.96 across our study area, this corresponded to differences in harvest rates of only 25%. Annual survival was approximately twice as high for juveniles $({\hat {S}} = 0.64- 0.87)$ as adults $({\hat {S}} = 0.30- 0.41)$. In turn, spring harvest rates for adult turkeys were greater for adults $({\hat {H}} = 0.35- 0.39)$ than juveniles $({\hat {H}} = 0.17- 0.27)$. We estimated the population of male turkeys in New York and Pennsylvania ranged from 104,000 to 132,000 in all years and ranged from 63,000 to 75,000 in Ohio. Because of greater harvest rates for adult males, the proportion of adult males in the population was less than in the harvest and ranged from 0.40 to 0.81 among all states and years. The high harvest rates observed for adults may be offset by greater recruitment of juveniles into the adult age class the following year such that these states can sustain high harvest rates yet still maintain a relative high proportion of adult males in the harvest and population. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schiavone, Michael V.; Swift, Bryan] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources, Albany, NY 12233 USA. [Reynolds, Michael] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Eriksen, Robert] Natl Wild Turkey Federat, Edgefield, SC 29824 USA. [Casalena, Mary Jo; Boyd, Robert C.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Diefenbach, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ddiefenbach@psu.edu FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Program [WE-173-G, W-134-P] FX We would like to thank the many state agency personnel and volunteers who captured turkeys for this project. The National Wild Turkey Federation at the national, state, and local levels was essential to bringing this multi-state project together and making it a success; we especially thank the administrative support of T. Hughes. We thank B. Haas of National Band and Tag Company for his company's assistance with identifying rivet bands as a marking technique for this project. We thank K. L. Christine for administrative support and issuing reward payments and J. Bishop for assistance with extracting landscape metrics from the GIS layers. This research was supported in part by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Program grants WE-173-G to New York and W-134-P to Ohio. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 514 EP 522 DI 10.1002/jwmg.256 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 914EN UT WOS:000301932100010 ER PT J AU Grovenburg, TW Klaver, RW Jenks, JA AF Grovenburg, Troy W. Klaver, Robert W. Jenks, Jonathan A. TI Spatial ecology of white-tailed deer fawns in the northern Great Plains: Implications of loss of conservation reserve program grasslands SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Conservation Reserve Program; CRP; fawn; home range; movement; northern Great Plains; Odocoileus virginianus; resource selection; South Dakota; white-tailed deer ID INTENSIVELY FARMED REGION; CENTRAL SOUTH-DAKOTA; MULE DEER; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; ROE DEER; SURVIVAL; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR AB Few studies have evaluated how wildlife, and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in particular, respond to Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands. We conducted a 3-year study (20072009) to determine the influence of CRP on fawn ecology during a time of declining CRP enrollment. We captured and radiocollared 81 fawn white-tailed deer during 15 May to 15 June 20072009 in north-central South Dakota, collected 6,505 locations, and documented 70 summer home ranges. Mean summer home ranges increased temporally during 20072009 (P?100xarea of home range), but large plots pose practical problems. At the other extreme, sampling of 'point' plots with cameras or other passive detectors allows the true 'proportion of area occupied' to be estimated. However, this measure equally reflects home-range size and density, and is of doubtful value for population monitoring or cross-species comparisons. Plot size is ill-defined and variable in occupancy studies that detect animals at unknown distances, the commonest example being unlimited-radius point counts of song birds. We also find that plot size is ill-defined in recent treatments of "multi-scale" occupancy; the respective scales are better interpreted as temporal (instantaneous and asymptotic) rather than spatial. Occupancy is an inadequate metric for population monitoring when it is confounded with home-range size or detection distance. C1 [Efford, Murray G.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Dawson, Deanna K.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Efford, MG (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Zool, POB 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. EM murray.efford@otago.ac.nz NR 55 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 42 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD APR PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 AR UNSP 32 DI 10.1890/ES11-00308.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256HV UT WOS:000327301200005 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Bullen, TD Martin, P Schroth, B AF Izbicki, John A. Bullen, Thomas D. Martin, Peter Schroth, Brian TI Delta Chromium-53/52 isotopic composition of native and contaminated groundwater, Mojave Desert, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; DRINKING-WATER; CALIFORNIA; GENERATION; CR(VI); RATIOS; SOILS AB Chromium(VI) concentrations in groundwater sampled from three contaminant plumes in aquifers in the Mojave Desert near Hinkley, Topock and El Mirage, California, USA, were as high as 2600, 5800 and 330 mu g/L, respectively. delta Cr-53/52 compositions from more than 50 samples collected within these plumes ranged from near 0 parts per thousand to almost 4 parts per thousand near the plume margins. Assuming only reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within the plume, apparent fractionation factors for delta Cr-53/52 isotopes ranged from epsilon(app) = 0.3 to 0.4 within the Hinkley and Topock plumes, respectively, and only the El Mirage plume had a fractionation factor similar to the laboratory derived value of epsilon = 3.5. One possible explanation for the difference between field and laboratory fractionation factors at the Hinkley and Topock sites is localized reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), with subsequent advective mixing of native and contaminated water near the plume margin. Chromium(VI) concentrations and delta Cr-53/52 isotopic compositions did not uniquely define the source of Cr near the plume margin, or the extent of reductive fractionation within the plume. However, Cr(VI) and delta Cr-53/52 data contribute to understanding of the interaction between reductive and mixing processes that occur within and near the margins of Cr contamination plumes. Reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) predominates in plumes having higher epsilon(app), these plumes may be suitable for monitored natural attenuation. In contrast, advective mixing predominates in plumes having lower epsilon(app), the highly dispersed margins of these plumes may be difficult to define and manage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Izbicki, John A.; Martin, Peter] US Geol Survey, WRD, Calif WSC, San Diego, CA USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, WRD, NRP, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schroth, Brian] CH2M Hill Inc, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, Calif WSC, San Diego, CA USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov FU US Department of Interior (DOI) FX This work was funded by the US Department of Interior (DOI), with assistance from Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E). The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of personnel from the various DOI agencies, the California State Department of Toxic Substances Control Board, the Colorado and Lahontan RWQCBs. The authors also thank PG&E and their consultant CH2M Hill, Inc., and Ducomm AeroStructures and their consultant Balderman Consulting, Inc. for their assistance. In addition, the authors thank the Fort Mojave Indian Tribe, the various public agencies, and the numerous private landowners who granted permission to access their land and sample their wells. NR 52 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD APR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 841 EP 853 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.019 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 903NZ UT WOS:000301125400004 ER PT J AU Pribyl, AL Schreck, CB Kent, ML Kelley, KM Parker, SJ AF Pribyl, A. L. Schreck, C. B. Kent, M. L. Kelley, K. M. Parker, S. J. TI Recovery potential of black rockfish, Sebastes melanops Girard, recompressed following barotrauma SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE barotrauma; decompression; histology; recompression; rockfish ID PACIFIC ROCKFISH; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; STRESS-RESPONSE; GROWTH-RATE; DECOMPRESSION; NEARSHORE; CORTISOL; CAPTURE; RELEASE AB Overfished species of rockfish, Sebastes spp., from the Northeast Pacific experience high bycatch mortality because of barotrauma, a condition induced from the rapid change in pressure during capture. Field experiments show that it may be possible for rockfish to recover from barotrauma if quickly recompressed; however, no work has followed the physiological recovery of rockfish after recompression or determined whether it is possible for rockfish to survive barotrauma in the long term. Barotrauma was induced in adult black rockfish, Sebastes melanops Girard, from a simulated depth of 35 m, followed by recompression. Blood and selected tissues (eye, heart ventricle, head kidney, liver, rete mirabile and gonad) were sampled at days 3, 15 and 31 post-recompression to evaluate the tissue- and physiologic-level response during recovery. No mortality from barotrauma occurred during the experiments, and feeding resumed in 80% of both treatment and control fish. The primary injury in treatment fish was the presence of a ruptured swimbladder and/or a ruptured tunica externa (outer layer of swimbladder), which was slow to heal. Blood plasma was analysed for glucose, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, insulin-like growth factor-1 and cortisol. Plasma analyses indicated no strong effects because of barotrauma, suggesting overall handling stress outweighed any effect from barotrauma. Rockfish with ruptured swimbladders may face compromised competency in the wild; however, it appears the majority of black rockfish decompressed from 35 m have a high potential for recovery if recompressed immediately after capture. This research suggests recompression could be a valuable bycatch mortality reduction tool for rockfish in recreational fisheries. C1 [Pribyl, A. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, M. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kelley, K. M.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Environm Endocrinol Lab, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Parker, S. J.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR USA. RP Pribyl, AL (reprint author), NOAA SWFSC, 3333 N Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM alena.pribyl@noaa.gov RI Pribyl, Alena/C-4004-2016 OI Pribyl, Alena/0000-0002-7625-5259 FU Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco, CA); ODFW (Newport, OR); HMSC; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University (OSU); NOAA FX Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Polly Rankin from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) who assisted and taught us fish collection, fish husbandry and operation of the hyperbaric pressure chambers. We thank the numerous personnel at ODFW (Newport, OR) who assisted in fish collections and sample collections. We also thank Cliff Pereira and John Vansickle for assistance with statistics and Jesus Reyes (Pacific Coast Environmental Conservancy, Taft, CA) for assistance in analysis of IGF-1. This research was funded by the Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco, CA), ODFW (Newport, OR), the Mamie Markham Fund (HMSC), the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University (OSU), and the NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01345.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 906KD UT WOS:000301343100004 PM 27081752 ER PT J AU Wang, YS DeAngelis, DL AF Wang, Yuanshi DeAngelis, Donald L. TI A MUTUALISM-PARASITISM SYSTEM MODELING HOST AND PARASITE WITH MUTUALISM AT LOW DENSITY SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Lotka-Volterra; population dynamics; mutualism; parasitism; coexistence ID INTERACTION OUTCOMES; OPTIMIZATION; TRANSITIONS; HERBIVORY; CONSEQUENCES; SERENGETI; UNGULATE; DYNAMICS; MOOSE AB A mutualism-parasitism system of two species is considered, where mutualism is the dominant interaction when the predators (parasites) are at low density while parasitism is dominant when the predators are at high density. Our aim is to show that mutualism at low density promotes coexistence of the species and leads to high production of the prey (host). The mutualism-parasitism system presented here is a combination of the Lotka-Volterra cooperative model and Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model. By comparing dynamics of this system with those of the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model, we present the mechanisms by which the mutualism improves the coexistence of the species and production of the prey. Then the parameter space is divided into six regions, which correspond to the four outcomes of mutualism, commensalism, predation/parasitism and neutralism, respectively. When the parameters are varied continuously among the six regions, it is shown that the interaction outcomes of the system transition smoothly among the four outcomes. By comparing the dynamics of the specific system with those of the Lotka-Volterra cooperative model, we show that the parasitism at high density promotes stability of the system. A novel aspect of this paper is the simplicity of the model, which allows rigorous and thorough analysis and transparency of the results. C1 [Wang, Yuanshi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Wang, YS (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM mcswys@mail.sysu.edu.cn; ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center FX D. L. DeAngelis acknowledges the support of the U.S. Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1547-1063 EI 1551-0018 J9 MATH BIOSCI ENG JI Math. Biosci. Eng. PD APR PY 2012 VL 9 IS 2 BP 431 EP 444 DI 10.3934/mbe.2012.9.431 PG 14 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 904ET UT WOS:000301177600011 PM 22901072 ER PT J AU Pellerin, BA Saraceno, JF Shanley, JB Sebestyen, SD Aiken, GR Wollheim, WM Bergamaschi, BA AF Pellerin, Brian A. Saraceno, John Franco Shanley, James B. Sebestyen, Stephen D. Aiken, George R. Wollheim, Wilfred M. Bergamaschi, Brian A. TI Taking the pulse of snowmelt: in situ sensors reveal seasonal, event and diurnal patterns of nitrate and dissolved organic matter variability in an upland forest stream SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; FDOM; Snowmelt; Forested; Diurnal ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; JOAQUIN RIVER CALIFORNIA; NESTED CATCHMENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; DOC EXPORT; NEW-YORK; CARBON; DYNAMICS AB Highly resolved time series data are useful to accurately identify the timing, rate, and magnitude of solute transport in streams during hydrologically dynamic periods such as snowmelt. We used in situ optical sensors for nitrate (NO3 (-)) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter fluorescence (FDOM) to measure surface water concentrations at 30 min intervals over the snowmelt period (March 21-May 13, 2009) at a 40.5 hectare forested watershed at Sleepers River, Vermont. We also collected discrete samples for laboratory absorbance and fluorescence as well as delta O-18-NO3 (-) isotopes to help interpret the drivers of variable NO3 (-) and FDOM concentrations measured in situ. In situ data revealed seasonal, event and diurnal patterns associated with hydrological and biogeochemical processes regulating stream NO3 (-) and FDOM concentrations. An observed decrease in NO3 (-) concentrations after peak snowmelt runoff and muted response to spring rainfall was consistent with the flushing of a limited supply of NO3 (-) (mainly from nitrification) from source areas in surficial soils. Stream FDOM concentrations were coupled with flow throughout the study period, suggesting a strong hydrologic control on DOM concentrations in the stream. However, higher FDOM concentrations per unit streamflow after snowmelt likely reflected a greater hydraulic connectivity of the stream to leachable DOM sources in upland soils. We also observed diurnal NO3 (-) variability of 1-2 mu mol l(-1) after snowpack ablation, presumably due to in-stream uptake prior to leafout. A comparison of NO3 (-) and dissolved organic carbon yields (DOC, measured by FDOM proxy) calculated from weekly discrete samples and in situ data sub-sampled daily resulted in small to moderate differences over the entire study period (-4 to 1% for NO3 (-) and -3 to -14% for DOC), but resulted in much larger differences for daily yields (-66 to +27% for NO3 (-) and -88 to +47% for DOC, respectively). Despite challenges inherent in in situ sensor deployments in harsh seasonal conditions, these data provide important insights into processes controlling NO3 (-) and FDOM in streams, and will be critical for evaluating the effects of climate change on snowmelt delivery to downstream ecosystems. C1 [Pellerin, Brian A.; Saraceno, John Franco; Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Sebestyen, Stephen D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wollheim, Wilfred M.] Univ New Hampshire, Water Syst Anal Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Pellerin, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bpeller@usgs.gov RI Bergamaschi, Brian/D-8325-2012; Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013 OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108 FU USDA Forest Service Northeastern State; USGS Climate Effects Network; USGS Hydrologic Networks; Northern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service FX We thank Jon Denner, Ann Chalmers and Stewart Clark for field sampling and Kenna Butler for lab optical analyses. We also thank Bryan Downing, Dan Doctor, Mark Green and two anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions and comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was funded by a USDA Forest Service Northeastern States Research Cooperative competitive grant, the USGS Climate Effects Network, the USGS Hydrologic Networks and Analysis Program, and the Northern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service. The use of brand names in this manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 69 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 15 U2 151 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2012 VL 108 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9589-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 897NY UT WOS:000300659300013 ER PT J AU Mills, JS Dunham, JB Reeves, GH McMillan, JR Zimmerman, CE Jordan, CE AF Mills, Justin S. Dunham, Jason B. Reeves, Gordon H. McMillan, John R. Zimmerman, Christian E. Jordan, Chris E. TI Variability in expression of anadromy by female Oncorhynchus mykiss within a river network SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Steelhead trout; Rainbow trout; Migration; Partial migration; Anadromy; Otolith microchemistry; Life history ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; PARTIAL MIGRATION; BROOK CHARR; BROWN TROUT; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; CHINOOK SALMON; FRESH-WATER AB We described and predicted spatial variation in marine migration (anadromy) of female Oncorhynchus mykiss in the John Day River watershed, Oregon. We collected 149 juvenile O. mykiss across 72 sites and identified locations used by anadromous females by assigning maternal origin (anadromous versus non-anadromous) to each juvenile. These assignments used comparisons of strontium to calcium ratios in otolith primordia and freshwater growth regions to indicate maternal origin. We used logistic regression to predict probability of anadromy in relation to mean annual stream runoff using data from a subset of individuals. This model correctly predicted anadromy in a second sample of individuals with a moderate level of accuracy (e.g., 68% correctly predicted with a 0.5 classification threshold). Residuals from the models were not spatially autocorrelated, suggesting that remaining variability in the expression of anadromy was due to localized influences, as opposed to broad-scale gradients unrelated to mean annual stream runoff. These results are important for the management of O. mykiss because anadromous individuals (steelhead) within the John Day River watershed are listed as a threatened species, and it is difficult to discern juvenile steelhead from non-anadromous individuals (rainbow trout) in the field. Our results provide a broad-scale description and prediction of locations supporting anadromy, and new insight for habitat restoration, monitoring, and research to better manage and understand the expression of anadromy in O. mykiss. C1 [Mills, Justin S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mills, Justin S.; McMillan, John R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Mills, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jdunham@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU NOAA; USGS; USFS FX All sampling was conducted in accordance with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife permit # OR2007-3680 M1, which was approved by NOAA and USFWS under the Endangered Species Act. Several biologists at the ODFW, including Tim Unterwegner, Jim Ruzycki, Jeff Neal, Shelly Miller, and Chris James, helped identify survey locations and provided critical information on the biology of O. mykiss in the John Day River basin. Peter Stratis, Nick Smith, and Brett Blundon provided assistance in the field and laboratory. Bob Hoffman, Cam Jones, Kathy Motter, and Frank Tepley provided assistance with analyses of water quality and otolith microchemistry. We thank three anonymous reviewers and J. Falke and K. McNyset for constructive comments on an early draft. Funding was provided by NOAA, USGS, and the USFS. Use of trade or firm names is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 505 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9946-4 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 895VT UT WOS:000300525500006 ER PT J AU Martin, DR Powell, LA Pope, KL AF Martin, Dustin R. Powell, Larkin A. Pope, Kevin L. TI Habitat selection by adult walleye during spawning season in irrigation reservoirs: a patch occupancy modeling approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Sander vitreus; Detection probability; Occupancy probability; Habitat improvement ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; LAKE; TRIBUTARY; RATES AB Recruitment of walleye (Sander vitreus Mitchill) is limited in irrigation reservoirs of the Republican River basin in southwestern Nebraska. The causal mechanism for this limited recruitment is unknown, but may be related to a lack of suitable spawning habitat. Patch occupancy models were developed to describe variation in detection probability and habitat selection during spawning season using shoreline electrofishing data. Detection of adult walleye was negatively affected by water temperature, silt substrate, and woody cover. Adult walleye selected sites with cooler water temperatures and greater fetch at Enders Reservoir, and large rock substrate and no cover at Hugh Butler Lake; these characteristics are limited to areas on or near the riprap dams in both reservoirs. Walleye eggs were also only found in these areas. We conclude that patch occupancy modeling provided valuable information when considering habitat improvement projects and propose a management approach for the addition of walleye spawning habitat in irrigation reservoirs. C1 [Martin, Dustin R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Martin, Dustin R.; Powell, Larkin A.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Martin, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 013 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dustin.martin@huskers.unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Martin, Dusitn/B-1655-2013 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-174-R]; University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Chris Lewis and many volunteers for assistance with field work. We also thank Mark Fincel and Mark Pegg for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, project F-174-R, administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. LAP's contribution was supported by Hatch Act funds through the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the authors or any U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 589 EP 598 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9952-6 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 895VT UT WOS:000300525500012 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, PR Faustini, JM AF Kaufmann, Philip R. Faustini, John M. TI Simple measures of channel habitat complexity predict transient hydraulic storage in streams SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Habitat complexity; Streams; Transient storage; Hydraulic retention; Channel morphology; Physical habitat; LWD; Woody debris; Thalweg profiles ID HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE FLOWS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; SALMON SUPPLEMENTATION; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; LOWLAND STREAMS; WATER EXCHANGE; BED STREAMS; RIVERS; MORPHOLOGY AB Stream thalweg depth profiles (along path of greatest channel depth) and woody debris tallies have recently become components of routine field procedures for quantifying physical habitat in national stream monitoring efforts. Mean residual depth, standard deviation of thalweg depth, and large woody debris (LWD) volumes are potential metrics of habitat complexity calculated from these survey data. We used 42 intensive dye-transit studies to demonstrate the relevance of these easily measured channel habitat complexity metrics to transient hydraulic ("dead zone") storage, a channel process important for biotic habitat as well as retention and "spiraling" of dissolved and particulate nutrients. We examined transient storage and channel morphology in small gravel and cobble-bedded upland streams (wetted width 2-5 m; slopes 2.6-8.3%) representing a wide range of flow stages, LWD loading, and channel complexity, including measurements before and after LWD was added to enhance fish habitat. While transient storage volume fraction decreased as flow stage increased in simple channels, those with complex morphology and well-developed riparian vegetation maintained high transient storage fractions even during storm flows. LWD additions increased transient storage and channel complexity over the 2 years of post-treatment measurements. We predict with considerable precision two different formulations of transient hydraulic storage fraction using single-variable linear regressions on residual depth (R (2) = 0.61-0.89), thalweg depth variance (R (2) = 0.64-0.91), or large woody debris volume (R (2) = 0.48-0.74). Demonstration of these likely causal associations contributes to understanding the process of transient storage and redefines the use of thalweg profile metrics as a new approach to quantifying morphologic and hydraulic complexity in streams. C1 [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Faustini, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Kaufmann, PR (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM kaufmann.phil@epa.gov RI Faustini, John/A-8378-2009 FU USEPA; Oregon State University Department of Forest Engineering; Weyerhauser Corporation FX The research presented in this manuscript was undertaken at the U.S. EPA's Western Ecology Division of the National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory in Corvallis, OR, funded by the USEPA in support of developing indicators for monitoring the condition of aquatic resources through the National Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS). Hydraulic dye transport data were collected and analyzed by the lead author in 1983-1986, with Ph.D research support from the Oregon State University Department of Forest Engineering (advisor: Bob Beschta) and a fellowship from the Weyerhauser Corporation. We are grateful to Tony Olsen, Steve Paulsen, Sarah Lehman, and Susan Holdsworth for funding and program support. We thank Chris Jordan, Bob Ozretich, John VanSickle, Steve Wondzell, Jordan Rosenfeld, and an additional anonymous reviewer for comments on earlier drafts. This manuscript has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR PY 2012 VL 685 IS 1 BP 69 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0841-y PG 27 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 897RR UT WOS:000300673500005 ER PT J AU Gomes, LC Bulla, CK Agostinho, AA Vasconcelos, LP Miranda, LE AF Gomes, L. C. Bulla, C. K. Agostinho, A. A. Vasconcelos, L. P. Miranda, L. E. TI Fish assemblage dynamics in a Neotropical floodplain relative to aquatic macrophytes and the homogenizing effect of a flood pulse SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Floodplain lakes; Fish assemblage; Littoral areas; Aquatic macrophytes ID UPPER PARANA RIVER; HABITAT STRUCTURE; PANTANAL LAGOONS; JUVENILE FISHES; LITTORAL-ZONE; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; BRAZIL; WATER; HETEROGENEITY AB The presence of aquatic macrophytes is a key factor in the selection of habitats by fish in floodplain lakes because these plants enhance the physical and biological complexities of aquatic habitats. The seasonal flood pulse may influence this interaction, but there is no information in the literature about the effects that flood events may have on macrophytes assemblages and its associated effects on fish assemblages. Thus, this article aimed to investigate whether species richness, evenness and similarities in fish assemblage composition differed between littoral areas vegetated with macrophytes and unvegetated areas, before and after a flood. We sampled three lakes in the floodplain of the upper Parana River basin. Sampling was conducted before (December 2004 and January 2005) and after (early March, late March and May 2005) a flood event. Overall, species richness and evenness were higher in macrophytes-covered areas. Before the flood, the composition of fish assemblages was distinct when comparing vegetated and unvegetated areas. After the flood, the similarity in fish assemblage composition was higher, indicating a homogenization effect of floods for fish inhabiting littoral areas of floodplain lakes. After the flood, opportunistic species dominated the fish assemblages in aquatic macrophytes, apparently restructuring assemblages in the littoral, restarting a succession process. Thus, the observed homogenization effect of the flood could minimize biological interactions and could induce fish assemblages to begin a new process of structurization. C1 [Gomes, L. C.; Agostinho, A. A.] Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Biol, Programa Posgrad Ecol Ambientes Aquat Continentai, Nucleo Pesquisas Limnol Ictiol & Aquicultura Nupe, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Gomes, LC (reprint author), Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Biol, Programa Posgrad Ecol Ambientes Aquat Continentai, Nucleo Pesquisas Limnol Ictiol & Aquicultura Nupe, Ave Colombo 5790, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. EM lcgomes@nupelia.uem.br RI Gomes, Luiz/D-5886-2013; Agostinho, Angelo Antonio/D-5888-2013; Inau, Inct/J-9853-2013 OI Agostinho, Angelo Antonio/0000-0002-4707-9444; FU CNPq; CAPES FX We sincerely thank Joao Dirco Latini, Sebastiao Rodrigues and other technicians that helped during samplings. The "Nucleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura'' (Nupelia) provided the infrastructure. This research was conducted under the "Programa Ecologico de Longa Duracao'' (PELD), Site 6. LCG and AAA are grateful for the Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa granted by CNPq, whereas CKB and LPV are grateful to CNPq and CAPES (respectively) for the fellowships. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR PY 2012 VL 685 IS 1 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0870-6 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 897RR UT WOS:000300673500006 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, RA Cormier, N AF MacKenzie, Richard A. Cormier, Nicole TI Stand structure influences nekton community composition and provides protection from natural disturbance in Micronesian mangroves SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Fish; Shrimp; Crabs; Mangrove tidal creeks; Micronesia; Structural complexity; Typhoon ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; FOREST STRUCTURE; FLORIDA ESTUARY; JUVENILE FISH; HURRICANE; HABITAT; WATER; PREDATION; RESPONSES AB Structurally complex mangrove roots are thought to provide foraging habitat, predation refugia, and typhoon protection for resident fish, shrimp, and crabs. The spatially compact nature of Micronesian mangroves results in model ecosystems to test these ideas. Tidal creek nekton assemblages were compared among mangrove forests impacted by Typhoon Sudal and differing in stand structure. Structurally complex Rhizophora spp. stands were predicted to support higher densities and different communities of nekton and to provide greater protection from typhoons compared to less complex Sonneratia alba/Bruguiera gymnorrhiza stands. Lift net data revealed that structural complexity did not support greater nekton densities, but did support significantly different nekton assemblages. The cardinalfish Apogon ceramensis and goby Oxyurichthys lonchotus had significantly higher densities in S. alba/B. gymnorrhiza mangrove creeks, whereas the silverside Atherinomorus lacunosus and diogenid crabs had significantly higher densities in Rhizophora spp. creeks. Similar nekton densities 17 and 4 months after the typhoon in Rhizophora spp. creeks provided indirect evidence that structural complexity increased protection for resident nekton from disturbances. Findings indicate that studies of structural complexity and nekton densities may be better served when individual species are compared and that diverse mangrove tree assemblages will support diverse nekton assemblages that may be more resilient to disturbance. C1 [MacKenzie, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Cormier, Nicole] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP MacKenzie, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM rmackenzie@fs.fed.us FU Forest Service FX We are extremely grateful to the people of Yap for providing us with access to and knowledge of their mangrove forests. We also thank M. Falanruw who helped coordinate logistics and sampling efforts. J. Libiy, F. Ruegarong, S. Mar, F. Yinung, B. Nakahara, A. Demopolous, and B. Tibbatts provided assistance in the field. Thanks to M. Greenfield, B. Tibbatts, and two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. H. Larson and A. Bruce verified goby and shrimp identifications. This project was funded by a grant from the Forest Service's International Programs. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR PY 2012 VL 685 IS 1 BP 155 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0865-3 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 897RR UT WOS:000300673500011 ER PT J AU Law, DJ Breshears, DD Ebinger, MH Meyer, CW Allen, CD AF Law, Darin J. Breshears, David D. Ebinger, Michael H. Meyer, Clifton W. Allen, Craig D. TI Soil C and N patterns in a semiarid pinon-juniper woodland: Topography of slope and ephemeral channels add to canopy-intercanopy heterogeneity SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Biogeochemistry; Carbon management and sequestration; Ecohydrology; Pinyon; Pinon ID SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ORGANIC-CARBON; INTERMITTENT-STREAM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPES; DYNAMICS; EROSION; RUNOFF; DROUGHT AB Carbon and nitrogen are crucial to semiarid woodlands, determining decomposition, production and redistribution of water and nutrients. Carbon and nitrogen are often greater beneath canopies than intercanopies. Upslope vs. downslope position and ephemeral channels might also cause variation in C and N. Yet, few studies have simultaneously evaluated spatial variation associated with canopy-intercanopy patches and topography. We estimated C and N upslope and downslope in an eroding pi lion juniper woodland for canopies beneath pinons (Pinus edulis) and junipers, (Juniperus monosperma), intercanopies, and ephemeral channels. Soil C and N in the surface and profile beneath canopies exceeded that of intercanopies and channels. Relative to intercanopies, channels had more profile C upslope but less downslope (profile N was not significant). Relative to upslope, profile C downslope for intercanopies was greater and for channels was less (profile N was not significant). Relative to profile, surface soil C and N exhibited less heterogeneity. Although some topographic heterogeneity was detected, results did not collectively support our redistribution hypotheses, and we are unable to distinguish if this heterogeneity is due to in situ or redistribution effects. Nonetheless, results highlight finer topographical spatial variation in addition to predominant canopy and intercanopy variation that is applicable for semiarid woodland management. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Law, Darin J.; Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ebinger, Michael H.; Meyer, Clifton W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Law, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1311 E 4th St,BSE Room 325, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dlaw@email.arizona.edu FU DOE Office of Science OBER; NSF Critical Zone Observatories [NSF EAR-0724958]; Western Mountain Initiative; Arizona Agriculture Experiment Station FX This research was supported by DOE Office of Science OBER with subsequent support from NSF Critical Zone Observatories (NSF EAR-0724958), the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Program (the Western Mountain Initiative), and Arizona Agriculture Experiment Station. We thank Marvin Gard, Kelly Goddard, Mel Garcia, and Allison Phillips for assistance. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 79 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.029 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 895AZ UT WOS:000300469900004 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Lauenroth, WK Burke, IC AF Munson, S. M. Lauenroth, W. K. Burke, I. C. TI Soil carbon and nitrogen recovery on semiarid Conservation Reserve Program lands SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Nitrogen; Net primary production; CRP; Shortgrass steppe ID ORGANIC-MATTER RECOVERY; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; GREAT-PLAINS; GRASSLANDS; ACCUMULATION; AGRICULTURE; DYNAMICS; STOCKS AB Cropping practices in the Great Plains of the U.S. have led to large losses in soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N). Land converted to perennial vegetation through the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has the potential to recover these losses and sequester anthropogenic carbon. We studied 18 years of SOC and N recovery in CRP fields seeded with native and non-native perennial grasses in the driest portion of the Great Plains. SOC and N under native perennial grasses in the surface soil increased by as much as 200 g C m(-2) and 14 g N m(-2) in 9 years. However, low plant basal cover in CRP fields limited SOC and N recovery at the field scale to 2 g C m(-2) y(-1) and 0.02 g N m(-2) y(-1). After 18 years of recovery, CRP fields seeded with native perennial grasses had 60% of the total SOC and 67% of the total soil N in undisturbed shortgrass steppe, and fields seeded with non-native perennial grasses recovered less. Belowground plant inputs to SOC reached 70-85% under native and 50% under non-native perennial grasses within 18 years. Our results suggest low potential for CRP fields to offset anthropogenic C emissions in semiarid regions under current management practices, but this potential could be enhanced by lengthening CRP contracts or promoting the establishment of perennial vegetation with high basal cover. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Munson, S. M.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Munson, S. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lauenroth, W. K.; Burke, I. C.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Burke, I. C.] Univ Wyoming, Haub Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Burke, I. C.] Univ Wyoming, Ruckelshaus Inst Environm & Nat Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399 FU Shortgrass Steppe LTER (National Science Foundation) [0217631]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0094-005]; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station [1-57661]; Weld County CRP FX Thanks to Weld County CRP landowners, John Wicke, Ben Wissinger, and the SGS-LTER staff for their support of this project. Phil Chapman provided statistical advice. Thanks to Alan Knapp, Niall Hannan, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this paper. This research was supported by the Shortgrass Steppe LTER project (National Science Foundation Grant No. 0217631), National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Grant No. 2006-0094-005), and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station (Grant No. 1-57661). NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 79 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.027 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 895AZ UT WOS:000300469900005 ER PT J AU Glenn, EP Morino, K Nagler, PL Murray, RS Pearlstein, S Hultine, KR AF Glenn, E. P. Morino, K. Nagler, P. L. Murray, R. S. Pearlstein, S. Hultine, K. R. TI Roles of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and capillary rise in salinizing a non-flooding terrace on a flow-regulated desert river SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Arid-zone rivers; Riparian processes; Riparian restoration; Salt exudation; Tamarisk ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; WATER-USE; SALT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; HALOPHYTES; FRINGE; ECOPHYSIOLOGY; CONSEQUENCES; FLUCTUATIONS AB Tamarix spp. (saltcedar) secretes salts and has been considered to be a major factor contributing to the salinization of river terraces in western US riparian zones. However, salinization can also occur from the capillary rise of salts from the aquifer into the vadose zone. We investigated the roles of saltcedar and physical factors in salinizing the soil profile of a non-flooding terrace at sites on the Cibola National Wildlife Refuge on the Lower Colorado River, USA. We placed salt traps under and between saltcedar shrubs and estimated the annual deposition rate of salts from saltcedar. These were then compared to the quantities and distribution on of salts in the soil profile. Dense stands of saltcedar deposited 0.159 kg m(-2) yr(-1) of salts to the soil surface. If this rate was constant since seasonal flooding ceased in 1938 and all of the salts were retained in the soil profile, they could account for 11.4 kg m(-2) of salt, about 30% of total salts in the profile today. Eliminating saltcedar would not necessarily reduce salts, because vegetation reduces the upward migration of salts in bulk flow from the aquifer. The densest saltcedar stand had the lowest salt levels in the vadose zone in this study. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Glenn, E. P.; Murray, R. S.; Pearlstein, S.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Morino, K.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Nagler, P. L.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hultine, K. R.] Desert Bot Garden, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, 1601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM eglenn@ag.arizona.edu; kmorino@ltrr.arizona.edu; pnagler@usgs.gov; khultine@dbg.org NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 79 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.025 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 895AZ UT WOS:000300469900008 ER PT J AU Baumgart-Getz, A Prokopy, LS Floress, K AF Baumgart-Getz, Adam Prokopy, Linda Stalker Floress, Kristin TI Why farmers adopt best management practice in the United States: A meta-analysis of the adoption literature SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adoption; Diffusion; Agricultural BMPs; Meta-analysis; Water quality ID CONSERVATION PRACTICES; TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS; MINIMUM TILLAGE; DECISIONS; BEHAVIOR; DETERMINANTS; WATERSHEDS; DIFFUSION; PROGRAMS AB This meta-analysis of both published and unpublished studies assesses factors believed to influence adoption of agricultural Best Management Practices in the United States. Using an established statistical technique to summarize the adoption literature in the United States, we identified the following variables as having the largest impact on adoption: access to and quality of information, financial capacity, and being connected to agency or local networks of farmers or watershed groups. This study shows that various approaches to data collection affect the results and comparability of adoption studies. In particular, environmental awareness and farmer attitudes have been inconsistently used and measured across the literature. This meta-analysis concludes with suggestions regarding the future direction of adoption studies, along with guidelines for how data should be presented to enhance the adoption of conservation practices and guide research. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baumgart-Getz, Adam] USA, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Prokopy, Linda Stalker] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Floress, Kristin] Univ Wisconsin Stevens Point, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Baumgart-Getz, A (reprint author), USA, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, 7400 Leake Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM baumgart-getza@usgs.gov; lprokopy@purdue.edu; kristin.floress@uwsp.edu RI Prokopy, Linda/D-4900-2013 OI Prokopy, Linda/0000-0001-7076-0046 NR 72 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 7 U2 114 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.10.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 898OQ UT WOS:000300752100003 PM 22208394 ER PT J AU Jankowska, MM Lopez-Carr, D Funk, C Husak, GJ Chafe, ZA AF Jankowska, Marta M. Lopez-Carr, David Funk, Chris Husak, Gregory J. Chafe, Zoe A. TI Climate change and human health: Spatial modeling of water availability, malnutrition, and livelihoods in Mali, Africa SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Climate; Malnutrition; Mali-Africa; Livelihoods ID GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; FOOD SECURITY; SAHEL RAINFALL; DROUGHT; SECTOR; SCALE; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; SCIENCE; IMPACT AB This study develops a novel approach for projecting climate trends in the Sahel in relation to shifting livelihood zones and health outcomes. Focusing on Mali, we explore baseline relationships between temperature, precipitation, livelihood, and malnutrition in 407 Demographic and Health Survey (OHS) clusters with a total of 14,238 children, resulting in a thorough spatial analysis of coupled climate-health dynamics. Results suggest links between livelihoods and each measure of malnutrition, as well as a link between climate and stunting. A 'front-line' of vulnerability, related to the transition between agricultural and pastoral livelihoods, is identified as an area where mitigation efforts might be usefully targeted. Additionally, climate is projected to 2025 for the Sahel, and demographic trends are introduced to explore how the intersection of climate and demographics may shift the vulnerability 'front-line', potentially exposing an additional 6 million people in Mali, up to a million of them children, to heightened risk of malnutrition from climate and livelihood changes. Results indicate that, holding constant morbidity levels, approximately one quarter of a million children will suffer stunting, nearly two hundred thousand will be malnourished, and over one hundred thousand will become anemic in this expanding arid zone by 2025. Climate and health research conducted at finer spatial scales and within shorter projected time lines can identify vulnerability hot spots that are of the highest priority for adaptation interventions; such an analysis can also identify areas with similar characteristics that may be at heightened risk. Such meso-scale coupled human-environment research may facilitate appropriate policy interventions strategically located beyond today's vulnerability front-line. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jankowska, Marta M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lopez-Carr, David] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Husak, Gregory J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chafe, Zoe A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jankowska, MM (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM mjankows@rohan.sdsu.edu; carr@geog.ucsb.edu; chris@geog.ucsb.edu; husak@geog.ucsb.edu; zoe.chafe@berkeley.edu NR 61 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD APR PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 SI SI BP 4 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.08.009 PG 12 WC Geography SC Geography GA 872AE UT WOS:000298778000002 ER PT J AU Qian, SS Cuffney, TF AF Qian, Song S. Cuffney, Thomas F. TI To threshold or not to threshold? That's the question SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian statistics; Benthicmacroinvertebrates; Changepoint; Management threshold; Simulation; Urbanization ID 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS AB The concept of evaluating multiple alternative models to determine ecological response form is over a century old and is ever more relevant as modern computing power allows ever more complicated models to be routinely used but often without a reasonable model verification process, particularly in fields where the ecological conceptual model is still developing. The emphasis for developing a statistical model is to test the validity of the hypothesis represented by the model. We present a framework of model identification and evaluation that includes exploratory data analysis and model diagnostics and evaluation. This framework emphasizes the importance of evaluating multiple alternative models when evaluating the validity of the model. This process is illustrated by using a model-building problem for quantifying the stream ecological response to urbanization using a data set from a large ecological study designed to understand how stream ecosystems respond to urbanization. The paper focuses on the question of whether a threshold model is appropriate, and demonstrates the importance of evaluating multiple alternative models in the detection of ecological thresholds, and illustrates how choosing an inappropriate model can lead to erroneous conclusion regarding the existence of thresholds. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qian, Song S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Cuffney, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Qian, SS (reprint author), Cardno ENTRIX Inc, 5400 Glenwood Ave,Suite G-03, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. EM mdqian@gmail.com; tcuffney@usgs.gov RI Qian, Song/I-6544-2012 FU USGS through a USGS-Duke University [08HQAG0121] FX The author thanks Roxalana Kashuba, Ibrahim Alameddine, and Gerald McMahon for their insightful discussions and comments. Craig Stow, Brian Cade, and Travis Schmidt reviewed an early version of the manuscript and provided valuable comments and suggestions. Comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers and the editor are greatly appreciated. The research was completed while SSQ was supported by the USGS through a USGS-Duke University corporative agreement (08HQAG0121). NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD APR PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.08.019 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862YD UT WOS:000298129100001 ER PT J AU Horowitz, AJ Stephens, VC Elrick, KA Smith, JJ AF Horowitz, Arthur J. Stephens, Verlin C. Elrick, Kent A. Smith, James J. TI Concentrations and annual fluxes of sediment-associated chemical constituents from conterminous US coastal rivers using bed sediment data SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE sediment-associated concentrations; annual fluxes; conterminous USA; coastal rivers; trace; major elements; nutrients ID ESTIMATING SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; UNITED-STATES; METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS; NUTRIENT FLUXES; ORGANIC-MATTER; PROGRAM; SOIL; OCEAN AB Coastal rivers represent a significant pathway for the delivery of natural and anthropogenic sediment-associated chemical constituents to the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the conterminous USA. This study entails an accounting segment using published average annual suspended sediment fluxes with published sediment-associated chemical constituent concentrations for (1) baseline, (2) land-use distributions, (3) population density, and (4) worldwide means to estimate concentrations/annual fluxes for trace/major elements and total phosphorus, total organic and inorganic carbon, total nitrogen, and sulphur, for 131 coastal river basins. In addition, it entails a sampling and subsequent chemical analysis segment that provides a level of ground truth for the calculated values, as well as generating baselines for sediment-associated concentrations/fluxes against which future changes can be evaluated. Currently, between 260 and 270 Mt of suspended sediment are discharged annually from the conterminous USA; about 69% is discharged from Gulf rivers (n = 36), about 24% from Pacific rivers (n = 42), and about 7% from Atlantic rivers (n = 54). Elevated sediment-associated chemical concentrations relative to baseline levels occur in the reverse order of sediment discharges: Atlantic rivers (49%)>Pacific rivers (40%)>Gulf rivers (23%). Elevated trace element concentrations (e. g. Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) frequently occur in association with present/ former industrial areas and/ or urban centres, particularly along the northeast Atlantic coast. Elevated carbon and nutrient concentrations occur along both the Atlantic and Gulf coasts but are dominated by rivers in the urban northeast and by southeastern and Gulf coast (Florida) 'blackwater' streams. Elevated Ca, Mg, K, and Na distributions tend to reflect local petrology, whereas elevated Ti, S, Fe, and Al concentrations are ubiquitous, possibly because they have substantial natural as well as anthropogenic sources. Almost all the elevated sediment-associated chemical concentrations found in conterminous US coastal rivers are lower than worldwide averages. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Horowitz, Arthur J.; Elrick, Kent A.; Smith, James J.] US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. [Stephens, Verlin C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Suite 130,3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM horowitz@usgs.gov FU USGS Climate Effects Network Program FX The authors would particularly like to thank Peter S. Murdoch, former coordinator of the USGS Climate Effects Network Program, who had the vision to support this study; the original proposal, almost unchanged from the current study, was developed more than 15 years ago. As should be apparent, the sampling portion of this study represented a major logistical exercise. It began in July 2010 and was completed in June 2011. With the exception of the St Lawrence and Hudson rivers (Gary Wall), the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers (Cindy Sibley), and the Colorado River (Edyth Hermosillo), all the samples were collected by the primary author with the help of a large number of USGS colleagues: Maine (Jim Caldwell); Connecticut/Massachusetts (Joe Martin); Long Island (Irene Abbene); New Jersey (Mike Deluca); Maryland/Delaware/Pennsylvania (Mike Brownley); Virginia (Roger Stewart, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality); North Carolina (Erik Staub); South Carolina (Doug Nagle, John Erbland, Brady Long); Georgia (Lance Wilhelm); Florida (Mark Stephens, Brett Johnson); Alabama (Will Mooty); Mississippi (David Massingill); Louisiana (Dennis Demcheck); Texas (Mike Lee; Brian Petri); California (Travis von Dessonneck); Oregon (Kevin Knutson); and Washington (Greg Justin, Jeff Paulat). Their help is gratefully acknowledged. NR 72 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1090 EP 1114 DI 10.1002/hyp.8437 PG 25 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 915GU UT WOS:000302012900012 ER PT J AU Kelsey, HM Sherrod, BL Blakely, RJ Haugerud, RA AF Kelsey, Harvey M. Sherrod, Brian L. Blakely, Richard J. Haugerud, Ralph A. TI Holocene faulting in the Bellingham forearc basin: Upper-plate deformation at the northern end of the Cascadia subduction zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SUBSIDENCE; SOUTHERN PUGET-SOUND; SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; SEATTLE FAULT; NEW-ZEALAND; WASHINGTON-STATE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SEISMIC HAZARDS; ICE-SHEET; YR AGO AB The northern Cascadia forearc takes up most of the strain transmitted northward via the Oregon Coast block from the northward-migrating Sierra Nevada block. The north-south contractional strain in the forearc manifests in upper-plate faults active during the Holocene, the northern-most components of which are faults within the Bellingham Basin. The Bellingham Basin is the northern of four basins of the actively deforming northern Cascadia forearc. A set of Holocene faults, Drayton Harbor, Birch Bay, and Sandy Point faults, occur within the Bellingham Basin and can be traced from onshore to offshore using a combination of aeromagnetic lineaments, paleoseismic investigations and scarps identified using LiDAR imagery. With the recognition of such Holocene faults, the northernmost margin of the actively deforming Cascadia forearc extends 60 km north of the previously recognized limit of Holocene forearc deformation. Although to date no Holocene faults are recognized at the northern boundary of the Bellingham Basin, which is 15 km north of the international border, there is no compelling tectonic reason to expect that Holocene faults are limited to south of the international border. C1 [Kelsey, Harvey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Sherrod, Brian L.; Haugerud, Ralph A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blakely, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kelsey, HM (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hmk1@humboldt.edu; bsherrod@usgs.gov; blakely@usgs.gov; haugerud@u.washington.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey NEHRP [G09AP00043] FX Research funded by the U.S. Geological Survey NEHRP external award G09AP00043 to Kelsey. We thank J. Finkbonner (Sandy Point) and Washington State Parks (Terrell Creek estuary) for land access. We thank T. Pratt for helpful discussion. We thank A. R. Nelson, B. Schweig, V. Langenheim, R. E. Wells, and S. M. Cashman for helpful reviews. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B03409 DI 10.1029/2011JB008816 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 918LK UT WOS:000302250900002 ER PT J AU Ebel, BA Moody, JA Martin, DA AF Ebel, Brian A. Moody, John A. Martin, Deborah A. TI Hydrologic conditions controlling runoff generation immediately after wildfire SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; RAPID MEASUREMENT; FOREST WILDFIRE; NORTH-AMERICA; FIRE; ASH; INFILTRATION; EROSION; FLOW AB We investigated the control of postwildfire runoff by physical and hydraulic properties of soil, hydrologic states, and an ash layer immediately following wildfire. The field site is within the area burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire in Colorado, USA. Physical and hydraulic property characterization included ash thickness, particle size distribution, hydraulic conductivity, and soil water retention curves. Soil water content and matric potential were measured indirectly at several depths below the soil surface to document hydrologic states underneath the ash layer in the unsaturated zone, whereas precipitation and surface runoff were measured directly. Measurements of soil water content showed that almost no water infiltrated below the ash layer into the near-surface soil in the burned site at the storm time scale (i.e., minutes to hours). Runoff generation processes were controlled by and highly sensitive to ash thickness and ash hydraulic properties. The ash layer stored from 97% to 99% of rainfall, which was critical for reducing runoff amounts. The hydrologic response to two rain storms with different rainfall amounts, rainfall intensity, and durations, only ten days apart, indicated that runoff generation was predominantly by the saturation-excess mechanism perched at the ash-soil interface during the first storm and predominantly by the infiltration-excess mechanism at the ash surface during the second storm. Contributing area was not static for the two storms and was 4% (saturation excess) to 68% (infiltration excess) of the catchment area. Our results showed the importance of including hydrologic conditions and hydraulic properties of the ash layer in postwildfire runoff generation models. C1 [Ebel, Brian A.; Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ebel, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St,Ste E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Ebel, Brian/A-2483-2011; OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-6969-8967; Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This manuscript benefitted from discussions with Brian Andraski, Rick Healy, Eve-Lyn Hinckley, Jason Kean, Richard Martin, Ben Mirus, Sheila Murphy, John Nimmo, Petter Nyman, Luis Oteiro, Kim Perkins, Dennis Staley, Dave Stannard, David Stonestrom, Jeff Writer, and three anonymous reviewers. Brian Ebel received support from the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in the National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W03529 DI 10.1029/2011WR011470 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 918KC UT WOS:000302247400002 ER PT J AU Rovai, AS Menghini, RP Schaeffer-Novelli, Y Molero, GC Coelho, C AF Rovai, Andre Scarlate Menghini, Ricardo Palamar Schaeffer-Novelli, Yara Molero, Gilberto Cintron Coelho, Clemente, Jr. TI Protecting Brazil's Coastal Wetlands SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID MANGROVES C1 [Rovai, Andre Scarlate] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Ecol & Zool, ECZ CCB UFSC, BR-88010970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Menghini, Ricardo Palamar] Paulista Univ UNIP, Inst Hlth Sci, BR-04026002 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Schaeffer-Novelli, Yara] Inst Bioma Brasil IBB, BR-05434060 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Molero, Gilberto Cintron] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Coelho, Clemente, Jr.] Univ Pernambuco UPE, Dept Biol Sci, BR-52041050 Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Rovai, AS (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Ecol & Zool, ECZ CCB UFSC, BR-88010970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. EM asrovai@gmail.com NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 335 IS 6076 BP 1570 EP 1572 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 915YD UT WOS:000302062600018 ER PT J AU Grant, EHC Lynch, HJ Muneepeerakul, R Arunachalam, M Rodriguez-Iturbe, I Fagan, WF AF Grant, Evan H. Campbell Lynch, Heather J. Muneepeerakul, Rachata Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio Fagan, William F. TI Interbasin Water Transfer, Riverine Connectivity, and Spatial Controls on Fish Biodiversity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NETWORK STRUCTURE; DISPERSAL; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; WORLD; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; THREATS; MODELS; BASIN AB Background: Large-scale inter-basin water transfer (IBWT) projects are commonly proposed as solutions to water distribution and supply problems. These problems are likely to intensify under future population growth and climate change scenarios. Scarce data on the distribution of freshwater fishes frequently limits the ability to assess the potential implications of an IBWT project on freshwater fish communities. Because connectivity in habitat networks is expected to be critical to species' biogeography, consideration of changes in the relative isolation of riverine networks may provide a strategy for controlling impacts of IBWTs on freshwater fish communities. Methods/Principal Findings: Using empirical data on the current patterns of freshwater fish biodiversity for rivers of peninsular India, we show here how the spatial changes alone under an archetypal IBWT project will (1) reduce freshwater fish biodiversity system-wide, (2) alter patterns of local species richness, (3) expand distributions of widespread species throughout peninsular rivers, and (4) decrease community richness by increasing inter-basin similarity (a mechanism for the observed decrease in biodiversity). Given the complexity of the IBWT, many paths to partial or full completion of the project are possible. We evaluate two strategies for step-wise implementation of the 11 canals, based on economic or ecological considerations. We find that for each step in the project, the impacts on freshwater fish communities are sensitive to which canal is added to the network. Conclusions/Significance: Importantly, ecological impacts can be reduced by associating the sequence in which canals are added to characteristics of the links, except for the case when all 11 canals are implemented simultaneously (at which point the sequence of canal addition is inconsequential). By identifying the fundamental relationship between the geometry of riverine networks and freshwater fish biodiversity, our results will aid in assessing impacts of IBWT projects and balancing ecosystem and societal demands for freshwater, even in cases where biodiversity data are limited. C1 [Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Lynch, Heather J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Muneepeerakul, Rachata] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Muneepeerakul, Rachata] Arizona State Univ, Math Computat & Modeling Sci Ctr, Tempe, AZ USA. [Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy] Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Sri Paramakalyani Ctr Environm Sci, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. [Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ehgrant@usgs.gov RI Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014 OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496 FU James S. McDonnell Foundation FX HJL, RM, IR-I and WFF acknowledge the support of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 65 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e34170 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0034170 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 948FM UT WOS:000304489000072 PM 22470533 ER PT J AU Peters, JM Wolf, N Stricker, CA Collier, TR del Rio, CM AF Peters, Jacob M. Wolf, Nathan Stricker, Craig A. Collier, Timothy R. del Rio, Carlos Martinez TI Effects of Trophic Level and Metamorphosis on Discrimination of Hydrogen Isotopes in a Plant-Herbivore System SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX ORGANIC MATERIALS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FOOD WEBS; DELTA-D; COMPARATIVE EQUILIBRATION; NONEXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN; ENVIRONMENTAL WATER; MIGRANT SONGBIRDS; DRINKING-WATER; RATIOS AB The use of stable isotopes in ecological studies requires that we know the magnitude of discrimination factors between consumer and element sources. The causes of variation in discrimination factors for carbon and nitrogen have been relatively well studied. In contrast, the discrimination factors for hydrogen have rarely been measured. We grew cabbage looper caterpillars (Trichoplusia ni) on cabbage (Brassica oleracea) plants irrigated with four treatments of deuterium-enriched water (delta D = -131, -88, -48, and -2%, respectively), allowing some of them to reach adulthood as moths. Tissue dD values of plants, caterpillars, and moths were linearly correlated with the isotopic composition of irrigation water. However, the slope of these relationships was less than 1, and hence, discrimination factors depended on the dD value of irrigation water. We hypothesize that this dependence is an artifact of growing plants in an environment with a common atmospheric delta D value. Both caterpillars and moths were significantly enriched in deuterium relative to plants by, similar to 45% and 23% respectively, but the moths had lower tissue to plant discrimination factors than did the caterpillars. If the trophic enrichment documented here is universal, delta D values must be accounted for in geographic assignment studies. The isotopic value of carbon was transferred more or less faithfully across trophic levels, but delta N-15 values increased from plants to insects and we observed significant non-trophic N-15 enrichment in the metamorphosis from larvae to adult. C1 [Peters, Jacob M.; Wolf, Nathan; del Rio, Carlos Martinez] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Collier, Timothy R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Peters, JM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jpeter50@uwyo.edu FU EPSCOR/NSF; National Science Foundation (NSF) [IOS-0848028] FX Dr. Peters received funding from and EPSCOR/NSF Wyoming undergraduate scholarship. Dr. Martinez del Rio and Dr. Wolf were funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant IOS-0848028. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32744 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032744 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 948FM UT WOS:000304489000007 PM 22470423 ER PT J AU Syphard, AD Keeley, JE Bar Massada, A Brennan, TJ Radeloff, VC AF Syphard, Alexandra D. Keeley, Jon E. Bar Massada, Avi Brennan, Teresa J. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Housing Arrangement and Location Determine the Likelihood of Housing Loss Due to Wildfire SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; FIRE REGIMES; UNITED-STATES; DISTRIBUTIONS; HAZARD; SCALES; RISK AB Surging wildfires across the globe are contributing to escalating residential losses and have major social, economic, and ecological consequences. The highest losses in the U. S. occur in southern California, where nearly 1000 homes per year have been destroyed by wildfires since 2000. Wildfire risk reduction efforts focus primarily on fuel reduction and, to a lesser degree, on house characteristics and homeowner responsibility. However, the extent to which land use planning could alleviate wildfire risk has been largely missing from the debate despite large numbers of homes being placed in the most hazardous parts of the landscape. Our goal was to examine how housing location and arrangement affects the likelihood that a home will be lost when a wildfire occurs. We developed an extensive geographic dataset of structure locations, including more than 5500 structures that were destroyed or damaged by wildfire since 2001, and identified the main contributors to property loss in two extensive, fire-prone regions in southern California. The arrangement and location of structures strongly affected their susceptibility to wildfire, with property loss most likely at low to intermediate structure densities and in areas with a history of frequent fire. Rates of structure loss were higher when structures were surrounded by wildland vegetation, but were generally higher in herbaceous fuel types than in higher fuel-volume woody types. Empirically based maps developed using housing pattern and location performed better in distinguishing hazardous from non-hazardous areas than maps based on fuel distribution. The strong importance of housing arrangement and location indicate that land use planning may be a critical tool for reducing fire risk, but it will require reliable delineations of the most hazardous locations. C1 [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA USA. [Keeley, Jon E.; Brennan, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bar Massada, Avi; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. RP Syphard, AD (reprint author), Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA USA. EM asyphard@consbio.org RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU United States Geological Survey Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project; United States Forest Service Northern Research Station FX Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project and the United States Forest Service Northern Research Station. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33954 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033954 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 948FM UT WOS:000304489000046 PM 22470499 ER PT J AU Walter, F Amundson, JM O'Neel, S Truffer, M Fahnestock, M Fricker, HA AF Walter, Fabian Amundson, Jason M. O'Neel, Shad Truffer, Martin Fahnestock, Mark Fricker, Helen A. TI Analysis of low-frequency seismic signals generated during a multiple-iceberg calving event at Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL EARTHQUAKES; MASS-LOSS AB We investigated seismic signals generated during a large-scale, multiple iceberg calving event that occurred at Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland, on 21 August 2009. The event was recorded by a high-rate time-lapse camera and five broadband seismic stations located within a few hundred kilometers of the terminus. During the event two full-glacier-thickness icebergs calved from the grounded (or nearly grounded) terminus and immediately capsized; the second iceberg to calve was two to three times smaller than the first. The individual calving and capsize events were well-correlated with the radiation of low-frequency seismic signals (<0.1 Hz) dominated by Love and Rayleigh waves. In agreement with regional records from previously published 'glacial earthquakes', these low-frequency seismic signals had maximum power and/or signal-to-noise ratios in the 0.05-0.1 Hz band. Similarly, full waveform inversions indicate that these signals were also generated by horizontal single forces acting at the glacier terminus. The signals therefore appear to be local manifestations of glacial earthquakes, although the magnitudes of the signals (twice-time integrated force histories) were considerably smaller than previously reported glacial earthquakes. We thus speculate that such earthquakes may be a common, if not pervasive, feature of all full-glacier-thickness calving events from grounded termini. Finally, a key result from our study is that waveform inversions performed on low-frequency, calving-generated seismic signals may have only limited ability to quantitatively estimate mass losses from calving. In particular, the choice of source time function has little impact on the inversion but dramatically changes the earthquake magnitude. Accordingly, in our analysis, it is unclear whether the smaller or larger of the two calving icebergs generated a larger seismic signal. C1 [Walter, Fabian; Fricker, Helen A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Walter, Fabian] ETH, Swiss Seismol Serv, Zurich, Switzerland. [Walter, Fabian] ETH, Versuchsanstalt Wasserbau Hydrol & Glaziol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Amundson, Jason M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Truffer, Martin; Fahnestock, Mark] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Fahnestock, Mark] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Walter, F (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM walter@vaw.baug.ethz.ch RI Walter, Fabian/B-7490-2014; Fahnestock, Mark/N-2678-2013 OI Walter, Fabian/0000-0001-6952-2761; FU NASA [NNG06GB49G, NNX08AN74G]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AEC0909333, ANT0739769, ANT0944193, IPY0732726]; USGS FX We acknowledge the contributions of Bryn Hubbard, Goran Ekstrom, Trine Dahl-Jensen, Jake Walter, Matt Haney, and an anonymous reviewer to the improvement of this manuscript. This work also benefited from discussions with Victor Tsai, John Clinton, and Martin Luthi. Gabi Laske assisted with the crust2.0 model. The inversion scheme was programmed in MATLAB (R), which was also used to generate most figures. Figure 1 was prepared with the Global Mapping Tool (GMT). Seismograms were processed with MATLAB (R) and the Seismic Analysis Code (SAC) [Goldstein et al., 2003]. Funding was provided by NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program (NNG06GB49G and NNX08AN74G) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (AEC0909333, ANT0739769, ANT0944193, and IPY0732726). The USGS Climate and Land Use Change program supported this work by paying the salary of S. O'Neel. Seismic stations ILULI, KULLO, and NUUG are operated by ETH Zurich; station SFJD is operated by IRIS, GFZ, and GEUS. The data were collected and distributed by the Greenland Ice Sheet Monitoring Network (GLISN) federation and its members. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F01036 DI 10.1029/2011JF002132 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 918HQ UT WOS:000302240400001 ER PT J AU Israde-Alcantara, I Bischoff, JL Dominguez-Vazquez, G Li, HC DeCarli, PS Bunch, TE Wittke, JH Weaver, JC Firestone, RB West, A Kennett, JP Mercer, C Xie, SJ Richman, EK Kinzie, CR Wolbach, WS AF Israde-Alcantara, Isabel Bischoff, James L. Dominguez-Vazquez, Gabriela Li, Hong-Chun DeCarli, Paul S. Bunch, Ted E. Wittke, James H. Weaver, James C. Firestone, Richard B. West, Allen Kennett, James P. Mercer, Chris Xie, Sujing Richman, Eric K. Kinzie, Charles R. Wolbach, Wendy S. TI Evidence from central Mexico supporting the Younger Dryas extraterrestrial impact hypothesis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE black mat; cosmic impact ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; N-DIAMOND; CARBON; NANODIAMONDS; SHOCK; EXTINCTIONS; SEDIMENTS; EXPLOSION; AMERICA; PHASES AB We report the discovery in Lake Cuitzeo in central Mexico of a black, carbon-rich, lacustrine layer, containing nanodiamonds, microspherules, and other unusual materials that date to the early Younger Dryas and are interpreted to result from an extraterrestrial impact. These proxies were found in a 27-m-long core as part of an interdisciplinary effort to extract a paleoclimate record back through the previous interglacial. Our attention focused early on an anomalous, 10-cm-thick, carbon-rich layer at a depth of 2.8 m that dates to 12.9 ka and coincides with a suite of anomalous coeval environmental and biotic changes independently recognized in other regional lake sequences. Collectively, these changes have produced the most distinctive boundary layer in the late Quaternary record. This layer contains a diverse, abundant assemblage of impact-related markers, including nanodiamonds, carbon spherules, and magnetic spherules with rapid melting/quenching textures, all reaching synchronous peaks immediately beneath a layer containing the largest peak of charcoal in the core. Analyses by multiple methods demonstrate the presence of three allotropes of nanodiamond: n-diamond, i-carbon, and hexagonal nanodiamond (lonsdaleite), in order of estimated relative abundance. This nanodiamond-rich layer is consistent with the Younger Dryas boundary layer found at numerous sites across North America, Greenland, and Western Europe. We have examined multiple hypotheses to account for these observations and find the evidence cannot be explained by any known terrestrial mechanism. It is, however, consistent with the Younger Dryas boundary impact hypothesis postulating a major extraterrestrial impact involving multiple airburst(s) and and/or ground impact(s) at 12.9 ka. C1 [Bischoff, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Israde-Alcantara, Isabel] Univ Michoacana, Dept Geol & Mineral, Edif Inst Invest Met U 4, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico. [Dominguez-Vazquez, Gabriela] Univ Michoacana, Fac Biol, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico. [DeCarli, Paul S.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Li, Hong-Chun] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Bunch, Ted E.; Wittke, James H.] No Arizona Univ, Geol Program, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Weaver, James C.] Harvard Univ, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [West, Allen] GeoSci Consulting, Dewey, AZ 86327 USA. [Firestone, Richard B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kennett, James P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kennett, James P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mercer, Chris] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Xie, Sujing] Univ Oregon, CAMCOR High Resolut Facil, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Xie, Sujing] Univ Oregon, MicroAnalyt Facil, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Kinzie, Charles R.; Wolbach, Wendy S.] De Paul Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Richman, Eric K.] Univ Oregon, Inst Mat Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Bischoff, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbischoff@usgs.gov OI Wolbach, Wendy/0000-0003-4398-8269; Li, Hong-Chun/0000-0001-9614-7119; Firestone, Richard/0000-0003-3833-5546 FU W.M. Keck Foundation; M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust; Oregon Nanoscience and Micro-technologies Institute; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-05-1-5041]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US National Science Foundation [OCE-0825322] FX Robert Rosenbauer and Pamela Campbell [US Geological Survey (USGS)] performed GC-MS analyses of extractable organic matter from the anomalous interval. We gratefully acknowledge Ming Xie for assistance with HRTEM analyses at University of Oregon's CAMCOR transmission electron microscopy facility, supported by grants from W.M. Keck Foundation, M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust, Oregon Nanoscience and Micro-technologies Institute, and Air Force Research Laboratory (agreement #FA8650-05-1-5041). R.B.F.'s efforts were supported, in part, by US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Research by J.P.K. was supported in part by US National Science Foundation grant #OCE-0825322, Marine Geology and Geophysics. Various parts of the manuscript were improved as a result of collegial reviews by David Hodell (Cambridge University), Anthony Irving (University of Washington), John Barron, John Hagstrum, and Scott Starratt (USGS). NR 60 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 49 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 13 BP E738 EP E747 DI 10.1073/pnas.1110614109 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 917HT UT WOS:000302164200005 PM 22392980 ER PT J AU Barbash, JE AF Barbash, Jack E. TI Dehalogenation of environmental contaminants in the hydrologic system by sulfur nucleophiles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Barbash, Jack E.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM jbarbash@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 15-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104816 ER PT J AU Curtis, GP Imbrigiotta, TE Kirshstein, J Hsieh, PA Tiedeman, CR AF Curtis, Gary P. Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. Kirshstein, Julie Hsieh, Paul A. Tiedeman, Claire R. TI Simulation of chloroethene remediation in a fractured rock aquifer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Curtis, Gary P.; Hsieh, Paul A.; Tiedeman, Claire R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Imbrigiotta, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Kirshstein, Julie] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM gpcurtis@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 98-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104889 ER PT J AU Eganhouse, RP Pontolillo, J Edwards, BD DiFilippo, EL Orem, WH Qin, SJ Hopkins, G Reinhard, M AF Eganhouse, Robert P. Pontolillo, James Edwards, Brian D. DiFilippo, Erica L. Orem, William H. Qin, Sujie Hopkins, Gary Reinhard, Martin TI Porewater chemistry of DDT compounds in sediments of the Palos Verdes Shelf, CA and its relevance to natural attenuation processes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Eganhouse, Robert P.; Pontolillo, James; DiFilippo, Erica L.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Edwards, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Orem, William H.] US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Qin, Sujie; Hopkins, Gary; Reinhard, Martin] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM eganhous@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 127-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104916 ER EF