FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Moyer, RP
Grottoli, AG
AF Moyer, R. P.
Grottoli, A. G.
TI Coral skeletal carbon isotopes (delta C-13 and Delta C-14) record the
delivery of terrestrial carbon to the coastal waters of Puerto Rico
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE Coral geochemistry; delta C-13; Delta C-14; Dissolved inorganic carbon;
Puerto Rico; Land-ocean carbon flux
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; ORGANIC-CARBON; GROWTH-RATES;
MONTASTRAEA; RIVER; CALCIFICATION; DELTA-O-18; ANNULARIS; LIGHT
AB Tropical small mountainous rivers deliver a poorly quantified, but potentially significant, amount of carbon to the world's oceans. However, few historical records of land-ocean carbon transfer exist for any region on Earth. Corals have the potential to provide such records, because they draw on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) for calcification. In temperate systems, the stable- (delta C-13) and radiocarbon (Delta C-14) isotopes of coastal DIC are influenced by the delta C-13 and Delta C-14 of the DIC transported from adjacent rivers. A similar pattern should exist in tropical coastal DIC and hence coral skeletons. Here, delta C-13 and Delta C-14 measurements were made in a 56-year-old Montastraea faveolata coral growing similar to 1 km from the mouth of the Rio Fajardo in eastern Puerto Rico. Additionally, the delta C-13 and Delta C-14 values of the DIC of the Rio Fajardo and its adjacent coastal waters were measured during two wet and dry seasons. Three major findings were observed: (1) synchronous depletions of both delta C-13 and Delta C-14 in the coral skeleton are annually coherent with the timing of peak river discharge, (2) riverine DIC was always more depleted in delta C-13 and Delta C-14 than seawater DIC, and (3) the correlation of delta C-13 and Delta C-14 was the same in both coral skeleton and the DIC of the river and coastal waters. These results indicate that coral skeletal delta C-13 and Delta C-14 are recording the delivery of riverine DIC to the coastal ocean. Thus, coral records could be used to develop proxies of historical land-ocean carbon flux for many tropical regions. Such information could be invaluable for understanding the role of tropical land-ocean carbon flux in the context of land-use change and global climate change.
C1 [Moyer, R. P.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Moyer, R. P.; Grottoli, A. G.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43201 USA.
RP Moyer, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM rmoyer@usgs.gov
RI Grottoli, Andrea/C-9736-2009
FU Andrew Mellon Foundation; NSF [OCE-0610487]; OSU; AAPG; AGU; GSA; Orton
Hall; USGS
FX AGG was supported by grants from the Andrew Mellon Foundation and the
NSF Chemical Oceanography Program (OCE-0610487). RPM was a graduate
student in Grottoli's lab, and partially supported by an OSU
Presidential Fellowship. RPM received additional funding from AAPG, AGU,
GSA, and the Friends of Orton Hall, and was supported by a USGS
Mendenhall Fellowship during manuscript preparation. Field assistance
was provided by H. Anguerre, M. Canals, M. Cathey, C. Malachowski, C.
Pacheco, and B. Williams. Coral x-radiography was facilitated by K.
Helmle and R. Dodge at the NSU Oceanographic Center. Laboratory
assistance was provided by M. Cathey, Y. Matsui, C. Paver, L. Swierk,
and H. Wu, and L. Travers assisted with figure preparation. J. Bauer, A.
Carey, Y-P. Chin, N. Prouty, B. Rosenheim, M. Saltzman, B. Williams, and
an anonymous person provided careful reviews and suggestions which
improved the overall quality of the manuscript. Any use of trade names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
US Government.
NR 59
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 3
BP 791
EP 802
DI 10.1007/s00338-011-0758-y
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 802UN
UT WOS:000293536600030
ER
PT J
AU Cross, WF
Baxter, CV
Donner, KC
Rosi-Marshall, EJ
Kennedy, TA
Hall, RO
Kelly, HAW
Rogers, RS
AF Cross, Wyatt F.
Baxter, Colden V.
Donner, Kevin C.
Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.
Kennedy, Theodore A.
Hall, Robert O., Jr.
Kelly, Holly A. Wellard
Rogers, R. Scott
TI Ecosystem ecology meets adaptive management: food web response to a
controlled flood on the Colorado River, Glen Canyon
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE dam; high-flow experiment; organic matter flows; regulated river;
secondary production; species interactions; trophic basis of production
ID CAPITA INTERACTION STRENGTH; SWISS-NATIONAL-PARK; ZEALAND MUD SNAILS;
GRAND-CANYON; RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; REGULATED RIVER; TROPHIC
INTERACTIONS; DAM; STREAM
AB Large dams have been constructed on rivers to meet human demands for water, electricity, navigation, and recreation. As a consequence, flow and temperature regimes have been altered, strongly affecting river food webs and ecosystem processes. Experimental high-flow dam releases, i.e., controlled floods, have been implemented on the Colorado River, USA, in an effort to reestablish pulsed flood events, redistribute sediments, improve conditions for native fishes, and increase understanding of how dam operations affect physical and biological processes. We quantified secondary production and organic matter flows in the food web below Glen Canyon dam for two years prior and one year after an experimental controlled flood in March 2008. Invertebrate biomass and secondary production declined significantly following the flood (total biomass, 55% decline; total production, 56% decline), with most of the decline driven by reductions in two nonnative invertebrate taxa, Potamopyrgus antipodarum and Gammarus lacustris. Diatoms dominated the trophic basis of invertebrate production before and after the controlled flood, and the largest organic matter flows were from diatoms to the three most productive invertebrate taxa (P. antipodarum, G. lacustris, and Tubificida). In contrast to invertebrates, production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) increased substantially (194%) following the flood, despite the large decline in total secondary production of the invertebrate assemblage. This counterintuitive result is reconciled by a post-flood increase in production and drift concentrations of select invertebrate prey (i.e., Chironomidae and Simuliidae) that supported a large proportion of trout production but had relatively low secondary production. In addition, interaction strengths, measured as species impact values, were strongest between rainbow trout and these two taxa before and after the flood, demonstrating that the dominant consumer-resource interactions were not necessarily congruent with the dominant organic matter flows. Our study illustrates the value of detailed food web analysis for elucidating pathways by which dam management may alter production and strengths of species interactions in river food webs. We suggest that controlled floods may increase production of nonnative rainbow trout, and this information can be used to help guide future dam management decisions.
C1 [Cross, Wyatt F.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Cross, Wyatt F.; Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Baxter, Colden V.; Donner, Kevin C.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
[Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.; Kelly, Holly A. Wellard] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA.
[Kennedy, Theodore A.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Rogers, R. Scott] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Cross, WF (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM wyatt.cross@montana.edu
FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation via U.S. Geological Survey [05WRAG005,
G10AC00142]
FX We thank the many field and laboratory assistants who made this research
possible: Kate Behn, Adam Copp, Amber Gaul, Jason Fobair, Carina Hall,
and Tom Sabol. We also acknowledge the logistical support of Grand
Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (Carol Fritzinger and crew). We
thank two anonymous reviewers for excellent comments that improved the
manuscript. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation via the U.S. Geological
Survey supported this research through cooperative agreements 05WRAG005
to R. O. Hall, Jr. and E. J. Rosi-Marshall, and G10AC00142 to W. F.
Cross.
NR 92
TC 61
Z9 61
U1 7
U2 111
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 6
BP 2016
EP 2033
DI 10.1890/10-1719.1
PG 18
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 810VM
UT WOS:000294155900012
PM 21939041
ER
PT J
AU Jones-Farrand, DT
Fearer, TM
Thogmartin, WE
Thompson, FR
Nelson, MD
Tirpak, JM
AF Jones-Farrand, D. Todd
Fearer, Todd M.
Thogmartin, Wayne E.
Thompson, Frank R., III
Nelson, Mark D.
Tirpak, John M.
TI Comparison of statistical and theoretical habitat models for
conservation planning: the benefit of ensemble prediction
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian hierarchical model; Breeding Bird Survey; classification and
regression tree; forest inventory and analysis; habitat suitability
index; model uncertainty; species distribution model
ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; SUITABILITY INDEX MODELS; SPATIAL COUNT MODEL;
SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; FOREST; LANDSCAPE; ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE; PATTERNS;
ECOLOGY
AB Selection of a modeling approach is an important step in the conservation planning process, but little guidance is available. We compared two statistical and three theoretical habitat modeling approaches representing those currently being used for avian conservation planning at landscape and regional scales: hierarchical spatial count (HSC), classification and regression tree (CRT), habitat suitability index (HSI), forest structure database (FS), and habitat association database (HA). We focused our comparison on models for five priority forest-breeding species in the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region: Acadian Flycatcher, Cerulean Warbler, Prairie Warbler, Red-headed Woodpecker, and Worm-eating Warbler. Lacking complete knowledge on the distribution and abundance of each species with which we could illuminate differences between approaches and provide strong grounds for recommending one approach over another, we used two approaches to compare models: rank correlations among model outputs and comparison of spatial correspondence. In general, rank correlations were significantly positive among models for each species, indicating general agreement among the models. Worm-eating Warblers had the highest pairwise correlations, all of which were significant (P < 0.05). Red-headed Woodpeckers had the lowest agreement among models, suggesting greater uncertainty in the relative conservation value of areas within the region. We assessed model uncertainty by mapping the spatial congruence in priorities (i.e., top ranks) resulting from each model for each species and calculating the coefficient of variation across model ranks for each location. This allowed identification of areas more likely to be good targets of conservation effort for a species, those areas that were least likely, and those in between where uncertainty is higher and thus conservation action incorporates more risk. Based on our results, models developed independently for the same purpose (conservation planning for a particular species in a particular geography) yield different answers and thus different conservation strategies. We assert that using only one habitat model (even if validated) as the foundation of a conservation plan is risky. Using multiple models (i.e., ensemble prediction) can reduce uncertainty and increase efficacy of conservation action when models corroborate one another and increase understanding of the system when they do not.
C1 [Jones-Farrand, D. Todd] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Fearer, Todd M.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71655 USA.
[Thogmartin, Wayne E.] USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
[Thompson, Frank R., III] Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Nelson, Mark D.] Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Tirpak, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
RP Jones-Farrand, DT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM David_Jones-Farrand@fws.gov
RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008
OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service
FX This study was primarily supported by grants from the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Region 3 and Region 4 small grants programs) and the
U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis program. Use of
trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government. The authors thank their respective employers for allowing
them to contribute time and effort to this project. We also thank E.
Laurent, B. Potter, and two anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful
comments helped improve this manuscript.
NR 64
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 4
U2 51
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 6
BP 2269
EP 2282
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 810VM
UT WOS:000294155900031
PM 21939060
ER
PT J
AU Bernhardt, C
AF Bernhardt, Christopher
TI Native Americans, regional drought and tree island evolution in the
Florida Everglades
SO HOLOCENE
LA English
DT Article
DE climate variability; drought; Everglades; late Holocene; Native
Americans; pollen; tree island
ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MAYA CIVILIZATION; SLOUGH
LANDSCAPE; HOLOCENE; RECONSTRUCTION; VEGETATION; RECORD; USA;
ASSEMBLAGES
AB This study uses palynologic data to determine the effects of regional climate variability and human activity on the formation and development of tree islands during the last similar to 4000 years. Although prolonged periods of aridity have been invoked as one mechanism for their formation, Native American land use has also been hypothesized as a driver of tree island development. Using pollen assemblages from head and near tail sediments collected on two tree islands and documented archeological data, the relative roles of Native Americans, climate variability, and recent water-management practices in forming and structuring Everglades tree islands are examined. The timing of changes recorded in the pollen record indicates that tree islands developed from sawgrass marshes similar to 3800 cal. yr BP, prior to human occupation. Major tree island expansion, recorded near tail sediments, occurred similar to 1000 years after initial tree island formation. Comparison of the timing of pollen assemblages with other proxy records indicates that tree island expansion is related to regional and global aridity correlated with southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Local fire associated with droughts may also have influenced tree island expansion. This work suggests that Native American occupation did not significantly influence tree island formation and that the most important factors governing tree island expansion are extreme hydrologic events due to droughts and intense twentieth century water management.
C1 [Bernhardt, Christopher] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Bernhardt, Christopher] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Bernhardt, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM cbernhardt@usgs.gov
FU USGS
FX This research is supported by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority
Ecosystem Studies Program and was carried out in partial fulfillment of
a Ph.D. at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Earth and
Environmental Sciences. The author is extremely grateful to the
Everglades National Park for site access. Margo Schwadron provided key
guidance in site selection as well as field assistance. Thomas Sheehan,
Bryan Landacre, and Adam Bentham assisted with field and laboratory
work. Drs D. Willard and B. Horton helped guide this research. Drs L.
Wingard, T. Cronin, F. Scatena, and H. Pfefferkorn and two anonymous
reviewers provided invaluable comments that greatly improved the quality
of this manuscript.
NR 64
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 5
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0959-6836
J9 HOLOCENE
JI Holocene
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 6
BP 967
EP 978
DI 10.1177/0959683611400204
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 809HS
UT WOS:000294043000007
ER
PT J
AU Hatch, SA
Gill, VA
Mulcahy, DM
AF Hatch, Scott A.
Gill, Verena A.
Mulcahy, Daniel M.
TI Migration and wintering sites of Pelagic Cormorants determined by
satellite telemetry
SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE band recoveries; British Columbia; coelomic implantation; Gulf of
Alaska; Phalacrocorax pelagicus; platform transmitter terminals; winter
roost sites
ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; DUCKS; ALASKA
AB Factors affecting winter survival may be key determinants of status and population trends of seabirds, but connections between breeding sites and wintering areas of most populations are poorly known. Pelagic Cormorants (Phalacrocorax pelagicus; N = 6) surgically implanted with satellite transmitters migrated from a breeding colony on Middleton Island, northern Gulf of Alaska, to wintering sites in southeast Alaska and northern British Columbia. Winter locations averaged 920 km (range = 600-1190 km) from the breeding site. Migration flights in fall and spring lasted <= 5 d in four instances. After reaching wintering areas, cormorants settled in narrowly circumscribed inshore locations (similar to 10-km radius) and remained there throughout the nonbreeding period (September-March). Two juveniles tagged at the breeding colony as fledglings remained at their wintering sites for the duration of the tracking interval (14 and 22 mo, respectively). Most cormorants used multiple sites within their winter ranges for roosting and foraging. Band recoveries show that Pelagic Cormorants in southern British Columbia and Washington disperse locally in winter, rather than migrating like the cormorants in our study. Radio-tagging and monitoring cormorants and other seabirds from known breeding sites are vital for understanding migratory connectivity and improving conservation strategies for local populations.
C1 [Hatch, Scott A.; Gill, Verena A.; Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Hatch, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM shatch@usgs.gov
NR 27
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0273-8570
J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL
JI J. Field Ornithol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 3
BP 269
EP 278
DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00330.x
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 811MN
UT WOS:000294215300004
ER
PT J
AU Weiser, EL
Powell, AN
AF Weiser, Emily L.
Powell, Abby N.
TI Evaluating gull diets: a comparison of conventional methods and stable
isotope analysis
SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Glaucous Gull; Larus hyperboreus; MIXSIR; predator-prey
relationships
ID MIXING MODELS; FOOD-WEB; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CATHARACTA-SKUA; GLAUCOUS
GULLS; GREAT SKUAS; FRACTIONATION; CARBON; DELTA-C-13; PELLETS
AB Samples such as regurgitated pellets and food remains have traditionally been used in studies of bird diets, but these can produce biased estimates depending on the digestibility of different foods. Stable isotope analysis has been developed as a method for assessing bird diets that is not biased by digestibility. These two methods may provide complementary or conflicting information on diets of birds, but are rarely compared directly. We analyzed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of feathers of Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) chicks from eight breeding colonies in northern Alaska, and used a Bayesian mixing model to generate a probability distribution for the contribution of each food group to diets. We compared these model results with probability distributions from conventional diet samples (pellets and food remains) from the same colonies and time periods. Relative to the stable isotope estimates, conventional analysis often overestimated the contributions of birds and small mammals to gull diets and often underestimated the contributions of fish and zooplankton. Both methods gave similar estimates for the contributions of scavenged caribou, miscellaneous marine foods, and garbage to diets. Pellets and food remains therefore may be useful for assessing the importance of garbage relative to certain other foods in diets of gulls and similar birds, but are clearly inappropriate for estimating the potential impact of gulls on birds, small mammals, or fish. However, conventional samples provide more species-level information than stable isotope analysis, so a combined approach would be most useful for diet analysis and assessing a predator's impact on particular prey groups.
C1 [Weiser, Emily L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Weiser, EL (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Zool, POB 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
EM emily.l.weiser@gmail.com
OI Weiser, Emily/0000-0003-1598-659X; Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X
FU North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management; Alaska Department
of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development; U.S. Bureau of Land
Management (Arctic Field Office); ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc.;
University of Alaska Foundation
FX We thank the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management (with
a grant from NPR-A Impact Mitigation Program, Alaska Department of
Commerce, Community, and Economic Development), the U.S. Bureau of Land
Management (Arctic Field Office), ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc., and a
University of Alaska Foundation Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research
Grant for providing funding and other support for this study. We thank
R. Baxter and E. McDonald for assistance with sample collection, R.
Suydam and D. Nigro for logistical support, and D. Troy, S. Oppel, S.
Jamieson, and Alaska Department of Fish and Game for providing
unpublished data. J. Moore advised on the stable isotope models; R.
Barry assisted with statistical calculations. C. Hunter, A. Springer,
and six anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the
manuscript. Field methods were approved by the Institutional Animal Care
and Use Committee of the University of Alaska Fairbanks (07-46). Any use
of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 48
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 4
U2 50
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0273-8570
J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL
JI J. Field Ornithol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 3
BP 297
EP 310
DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00333.x
PG 14
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 811MN
UT WOS:000294215300007
ER
PT J
AU Oliveira-Santos, LGR
Dorazio, RM
Tomas, WM
Mourao, G
Fernandez, FAS
AF Oliveira-Santos, Luiz G. R.
Dorazio, Robert M.
Tomas, Walfrido M.
Mourao, Guilherme
Fernandez, Fernando A. S.
TI No evidence of interference competition among the invasive feral pig and
two native peccary species in a Neotropical wetland
SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE co-occurrence; interference competition; invasive species; Pecari
tajacu; Sus scrofa; Tayassu pecari
ID COLLARED PECCARIES; TAYASSU-PECARI; HABITAT USE; NICHE; TAJACU
C1 [Oliveira-Santos, Luiz G. R.; Fernandez, Fernando A. S.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ecol, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Populacoes, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
[Oliveira-Santos, Luiz G. R.; Tomas, Walfrido M.; Mourao, Guilherme] Embrapa Pantanal Brazilian Agr Res Corp, Dept Wildlife, BR-79320900 Corumba, MS, Brazil.
[Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
RP Oliveira-Santos, LGR (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ecol, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Populacoes, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
EM gu_tapirus@hotmail.com
RI Fernandez, Fernando/K-2412-2012; Mourao, Guilherme/C-3319-2013;
Oliveira-Santos, Luiz/F-9562-2012
OI Mourao, Guilherme/0000-0002-8300-4191;
FU EMBRAPA Pantanal; CNPq
FX We thank EMBRAPA Pantanal for financial and logistic support, and the
owners of Ipanema, Chatelodo, Dom Valdir and Porto Alegre ranches for
allowing the present study within their lands. LGROS is supported by
CNPq.
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 16
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0266-4674
J9 J TROP ECOL
JI J. Trop. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 27
BP 557
EP 561
DI 10.1017/S026646741100023X
PN 5
PG 5
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 811LP
UT WOS:000294212300011
ER
PT J
AU Bradley, PM
Chapelle, FH
AF Bradley, Paul M.
Chapelle, Francis H.
TI Microbial Mineralization of Dichloroethene and Vinyl Chloride under
Hypoxic Conditions
SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE-WATER SEDIMENTS; CHLOROETHENE BIODEGRADATION; ANAEROBIC
CONDITIONS; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; FE(III) REDUCTION; OXYGEN-TOXICITY;
AQUIFER; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; BACTERIA
AB Mineralization of 14C-radiolabled vinyl chloride ([1,2-14C] VC) and cis-dichloroethene ([1,2-14C] cis-DCE) under hypoxic (initial dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations about 0.1 mg/L) and nominally anoxic (DO minimum detection limit = 0.01 mg/L) was examined in chloroethene-exposed sediments from two groundwater and two surface water sites. The results show significant VC and dichloroethene (DCE) mineralization under hypoxic conditions. All the sample treatments exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics for DCE and VC mineralization over an extended range of substrate concentrations. First-order rates for VC mineralization were approximately 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher in hypoxic groundwater sediment treatments and at least three times higher in hypoxic surface water sediment treatments than in the respective anoxic treatments. For VC, oxygen-linked processes accounted for 65 to 85% of mineralization at DO concentrations below 0.1 mg/L, and 14CO2 was the only degradation product observed in VC treatments under hypoxic conditions. Because the lower detection limit for DO concentrations measured in the field is typically 0.1 to 0.5 mg/L, these results indicate that oxygen-linked VC and DCE biodegradation can be significant under field conditions that appear anoxic. Furthermore, because rates of VC mineralization exceeded rates of DCE mineralization under hypoxic conditions, DCE accumulation without concomitant accumulation of VC may not be evidence of a DCE degradative stall in chloroethene plumes. Significantly, mineralization of VC above the level that could reasonably be attributed to residual DO contamination was also observed in several nominally anoxic (DO minimum detection limit = 0.01 mg/L) microcosm treatments.
C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
EM pbradley@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey; DOE; DOD; USEPA
FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxics Substances
Hydrology Program and the Strategic Environmental Restoration and
Defense Program of the DOE, DOD, and USEPA. Any use of trade, product,
or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. government.
NR 50
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 21
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1069-3629
J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R
JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat.
PD FAL
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 4
BP 39
EP 49
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01339.x
PG 11
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 850QW
UT WOS:000297213100002
ER
PT J
AU Bradley, PM
AF Bradley, Paul M.
TI Reinterpreting the Importance of Oxygen-Based Biodegradation in
Chloroethene-Contaminated Groundwater
SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROBIAL MINERALIZATION; VINYL-CHLORIDE; DCE; VC; PHYSIOLOGY
AB Chlororespiration is common in shallow aquifer systems under conditions nominally identified as anoxic. Consequently, chlororespiration is a key component of remediation at many chloroethene-contaminated sites. In some instances, limited accumulation of reductive dechlorination daughter products is interpreted as evidence that natural attenuation is not adequate for site remediation. This conclusion is justified when evidence for parent compound (tetrachloroethene, PCE, or trichloroethene, TCE) degradation is lacking. For many chloroethene-contaminated shallow aquifer systems, however, nonconservative losses of the parent compounds are clear but the mass balance between parent compound attenuation and accumulation of reductive dechlorination daughter products is incomplete. Incomplete mass balance indicates a failure to account for important contaminant attenuation mechanisms and is consistent with contaminant degradation to nondiagnostic mineralization products like CO2. While anoxic mineralization of chloroethene compounds has been proposed previously, recent results suggest that oxygen-based mineralization of chloroethenes also can be significant at dissolved oxygen concentrations below the currently accepted field standard for nominally anoxic conditions. Thus, reassessment of the role and potential importance of low concentrations of oxygen in chloroethene biodegradation are needed, because mischaracterization of operant biodegradation processes can lead to expensive and ineffective remedial actions. A modified interpretive framework is provided for assessing the potential for chloroethene biodegradation under different redox conditions and the probable role of oxygen in chloroethene biodegradation.
C1 US Geol Survey, USGS S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
EM pbradley@usgs.gov
NR 24
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1069-3629
J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R
JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat.
PD FAL
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 4
BP 50
EP 55
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01344.x
PG 6
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 850QW
UT WOS:000297213100003
ER
PT J
AU Mcdonald, JE
Destefano, S
Gaughan, C
Mayer, M
Woytek, WA
Christensen, S
Fuller, TK
AF Mcdonald, John E., Jr.
Destefano, Stephen
Gaughan, Christopher
Mayer, Michael
Woytek, William A.
Christensen, Sonja
Fuller, Todd K.
TI Survival and Harvest-Related Mortality of White-Tailed Deer in
Massachusetts
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE hunting; management; Massachusetts; mortality; Odocoileus virginianus;
population; white-tailed deer
AB We monitored 142 radiocollared adult (>= 1.0 yr old) white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 3 study areas of Massachusetts, USA, to estimate annual survival and mortality due to legal hunting. We then applied these rates to deer harvest information to estimate deer population trends over time, and compared these to trends derived solely from harvest data estimates. Estimated adult female survival rates were similar (0.82-0.86), and uniformly high, across 3 management zones in Massachusetts that differed in landscape composition, human density, and harvest regulations. Legal hunting accounted for 16-29% of all adult female mortality. Estimated adult male survival rates varied from 0.55 to 0.79, and legal hunting accounted for 40-75% of all mortality. Use of composite hunting mortality rates produced realistic estimates for adult deer populations in 2 zones, but not for the third, where estimation was hindered by regulatory restrictions on antlerless deer harvest. In addition, the population estimates we calculated were generally higher than those derived from population reconstruction, likely due to relatively low harvest pressure. Legal harvest may not be the dominant form of deer mortality in developed landscapes; thus, estimates of populations or trends that rely solely on harvest data will likely be underestimates. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Mcdonald, John E., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA.
[Destefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Gaughan, Christopher; Mayer, Michael; Fuller, Todd K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Gaughan, Christopher] Idaho Fish & Game Dept, Salmon, ID 83467 USA.
[Mayer, Michael] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
[Woytek, William A.] Massachusetts Environm Police, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
[Christensen, Sonja] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA 01581 USA.
RP Mcdonald, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA.
EM john_e_mcdonald@fws.gov
FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project through the Massachusetts
Division of Fisheries and Wildlife [W-35-R]; Massachusetts Cooperative
Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey); Department of
Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
FX We thank E. Amati, C. Bell, R. Deblinger, A. DeNicola, T. Gola, W.
Healy, J. Hestbeck, T. Keefe, K. McCarthy, J. Shampang, and J. Sheedy
for technical, field, and advisory assistance, and R. Kulis and R.
Lathrop for their piloting skills. We thank H. Kilpatrick and M.
Ellingwood for reviewing previous drafts of this manuscript. Funding for
this project was provided by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration
Project W-35-R through the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and
Wildlife, the Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
(U.S. Geological Survey), and the Department of Environmental
Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. The senior author
performed most of the analyses as a Charles Bullard Fellow in Forest
Research at Harvard Forest. The findings and conclusions in this article
are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 32
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1938-5463
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 35
IS 3
SI SI
BP 209
EP 219
DI 10.1002/wsb.40
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA V38GV
UT WOS:000209332800013
ER
PT J
AU Cornicelli, L
Fulton, DC
Grund, MD
Fieberg, J
AF Cornicelli, Louis
Fulton, David C.
Grund, Marrett D.
Fieberg, John
TI Hunter Perceptions and Acceptance of Alternative Deer Management
Regulations
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE attitude survey; choice survey; deer management; discrete choice model;
human dimensions; nested logit model; Odocoileus virginianus; stated
preference survey; white-tailed deer
AB Wildlife managers are often confronted with a policy paradox where a majority of the public supports an outcome, but there is no agreement on specific management strategies to achieve this outcome. Previous research has also reported a link between regulatory acceptance, hunter satisfaction, and hunter participation rates. Thus, human dimensions research aimed at understanding hunter motivations and behavior is needed for effective management. In 2005, we surveyed Minnesota (USA) deer hunters (n = 6,000; 59% response) to evaluate attitudes regarding alternative deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvest regulations. We also conducted a series of forced choice experiments in which respondents were asked to select an option from a list of representative regulations that might be adopted to achieve a particular deer management goal. Specifically, we modeled 5 deer population scenarios ranging from low populations with high buck-harvest rates to populations 50% over goal density. Our results indicate that hunters preferred different regulations depending on the population scenario, but generally preferred antler-point restrictions and disliked limiting buck licenses through a lottery. We also found consistency among scenarios, in that a small percentage of respondents indicated they would not hunt if regulations were changed. The results from this study should help wildlife managers design deer harvest regulations that are both acceptable to hunters and achieve management objectives. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Cornicelli, Louis] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Populat & Programs Unit, St Paul, MN 55155 USA.
[Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Grund, Marrett D.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Farmland Res Unit, Madelia, MN 56062 USA.
[Fieberg, John] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Biometr Unit, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA.
RP Cornicelli, L (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Populat & Programs Unit, 500 Lafayette Rd, St Paul, MN 55155 USA.
EM lou.cornicelli@state.mn.us
FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR), Division of Fish and
Wildlife; U.S.G.S. Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
at the University of Minnesota (UMN)
FX This study was a cooperative effort supported by the Minnesota
Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR), Division of Fish and Wildlife
and the U.S.G.S. Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
at the University of Minnesota (UMN). We especially wish to thank E.
Boggess, M. DonCarlos, and D. Simon for their support of this project.
We also thank the MNDNR deer management committee who reviewed various
drafts of the survey and F. Martin, UMN, Department of Statistics who
assisted with the choice survey design. We thank the many Minnesota deer
hunters who took the time to complete the survey and furthered our
understanding of hunter attitudes and how they impact population
management. We also thank the editors and 3 anonymous reviewers for
their helpful comments.
NR 29
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 7
U2 19
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1938-5463
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 35
IS 3
SI SI
BP 323
EP 329
DI 10.1002/wsb.51
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA V38GV
UT WOS:000209332800027
ER
PT J
AU Garlick, MJ
Powell, JA
Hooten, MB
McFarlane, LR
AF Garlick, Martha J.
Powell, James A.
Hooten, Mevin B.
McFarlane, Leslie R.
TI Homogenization of Large-Scale Movement Models in Ecology
SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Chronic wasting disease; Diffusion model; Ecological diffusion;
Homogenization; Multi-scale modeling; Spatial heterogeneity; Mule deer
(Odocoileus hemionus)
ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MULE DEER; SPREAD; TRANSMISSION; DISPERSAL;
DYNAMICS
AB A difficulty in using diffusion models to predict large scale animal population dispersal is that individuals move differently based on local information (as opposed to gradients) in differing habitat types. This can be accommodated by using ecological diffusion. However, real environments are often spatially complex, limiting application of a direct approach. Homogenization for partial differential equations has long been applied to Fickian diffusion (in which average individual movement is organized along gradients of habitat and population density). We derive a homogenization procedure for ecological diffusion and apply it to a simple model for chronic wasting disease in mule deer. Homogenization allows us to determine the impact of small scale (10-100 m) habitat variability on large scale (10-100 km) movement. The procedure generates asymptotic equations for solutions on the large scale with parameters defined by small-scale variation. The simplicity of this homogenization procedure is striking when compared to the multi-dimensional homogenization procedure for Fickian diffusion,and the method will be equally straightforward for more complex models.
C1 [Garlick, Martha J.; Powell, James A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, USGS Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[McFarlane, Leslie R.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA.
RP Garlick, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM marti.garlick@aggiemail.usu.edu
FU USGS [1434-06HQRU1555]
FX Funding for this study was provided through USGS 1434-06HQRU1555. The
authors would like to thank Mary Connor and John Lowry for providing
data and advice.
NR 35
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0092-8240
EI 1522-9602
J9 B MATH BIOL
JI Bull. Math. Biol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 9
BP 2088
EP 2108
DI 10.1007/s11538-010-9612-6
PG 21
WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational
Biology
GA 801TU
UT WOS:000293464300005
PM 21194012
ER
PT J
AU Wang, YS
DeAngelis, DL
Holland, JN
AF Wang, Yuanshi
DeAngelis, Donald L.
Holland, J. Nathaniel
TI Uni-directional consumer-resource theory characterizing transitions of
interaction outcomes
SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Population dynamics; Predation/parasitism; Competition; Amensalism
ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PLANT TOXICITY; MUTUALISM; DEFENSE; STOICHIOMETRY;
ECOLOGY
AB A resource is considered here to be a biotic population that helps to maintain the population growth of its consumers, whereas a consumer utilizes a resource and in turn decreases its growth rate. Bi-directional consumer-resource (C-R) interactions have been the object of recent theory. In these interactions, each species acts, in some respects, as both a consumer and a resource of the other, which is the basis of many mutualisms. In uni-directional C-R interactions between two species, one acts as a consumer and the other as a material and/or energy resource, while neither acts as both. The relationship between insect pollinator/seed parasites and the host plant is an example of the latter interaction type of C-R, as the insect provides no material resource to the plant (though it provides a pollination service). In this paper we consider a different variation of the uni-directional C-R interaction, in which the resource species has both positive and negative effects on the consumer species, while the consumer has only a negative effect on the resource. A predator-prey system in which the prey is able to kill or consume predator eggs or larvae is an example. Our aim is to demonstrate mechanisms by which interaction outcomes of this system vary with different conditions, and thus to extend the uni-directional C-R theory established by Holland and DeAngelis (2009). By the analysis of a specific two-species system, it is shown that there is no periodic solution of the system, and the parameter (factor) space can be divided into six regions, which correspond to predation/parasitism, amensalism, and competition. The interaction outcomes of the system transition smoothly when the parameters are changed continuously in the six regions and/or initial densities of the species vary in a smooth fashion. Varying a pair of parameters can also result in the transitions. The analysis leads to both conditions under which the species approach their maximal densities, and explanations for phenomena in experiments by Urabe and Sterner (1996). Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Wang, Yuanshi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Holland, J. Nathaniel] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
EM ddeangel@bio.miami.edu
FU NSKF of P.R. of China [60736028]; NSF [DEB-081423, DEB-0814523]; U.S.
Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center
FX This work was in part supported by NSKF of P.R. of China (No. 60736028)
to Y. Wang, and was supported by NSF grant DEB-081423 and NSF grant
DEB-0814523 to J.N. Holland and D.L. DeAngelis. D. L DeAngelis
acknowledges the support of the U.S. Geological Survey Southeastern
Ecological Science Center.
NR 33
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1476-945X
J9 ECOL COMPLEX
JI Ecol. Complex.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 3
BP 249
EP 257
DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2011.04.002
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 809FO
UT WOS:000294037400004
ER
PT J
AU Migaszewski, ZM
Lamothe, PJ
Crock, JG
Galuszka, A
Dolegowska, S
AF Migaszewski, Zdzislaw M.
Lamothe, Paul J.
Crock, James G.
Galuszka, Agnieszka
Dolegowska, Sabina
TI The role of sample preparation in interpretation of trace element
concentration variability in moss bioindication studies
SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Trace elements; Moss bioindication; Pleurozium schreberi; Hylocomium
splendens; Ashing vs. digestion; Cluster analysis
ID SCHREBERI BRID. MITT.; HOLY CROSS MOUNTAINS; SOUTH-CENTRAL POLAND;
SPLENDENS HEDW. BSG; HYLOCOMIUM-SPLENDENS; PLANT BIOINDICATORS;
DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; PAHS
AB Trace element concentrations in plant bioindicators are often determined to assess the quality of the environment. Instrumental methods used for trace element determination require digestion of samples. There are different methods of sample preparation for trace element analysis, and the selection of the best method should be fitted for the purpose of a study. Our hypothesis is that the method of sample preparation is important for interpretation of the results. Here we compare the results of 36 element determinations performed by ICP-MS on ashed and on acid-digested (HNO(3), H(2)O(2)) samples of two moss species (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected in Alaska and in south-central Poland. We found that dry ashing of the moss samples prior to analysis resulted in considerably lower detection limits of all the elements examined. We also show that this sample preparation technique facilitated the determination of interregional and interspecies differences in the chemistry of trace elements. Compared to the Polish mosses, the Alaskan mosses displayed more positive correlations of the major rock-forming elements with ash content, reflecting those elements' geogenic origin. Of the two moss species, P. schreberi from both Alaska and Poland was also highlighted by a larger number of positive element pair correlations. The cluster analysis suggests that the more uniform element distribution pattern of the Polish mosses primarily reflects regional air pollution sources. Our study has shown that the method of sample preparation is an important factor in statistical interpretation of the results of trace element determinations.
C1 [Migaszewski, Zdzislaw M.; Galuszka, Agnieszka; Dolegowska, Sabina] Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Geochem & Environm Div, Inst Chem, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland.
[Lamothe, Paul J.; Crock, James G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Galuszka, A (reprint author), Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Geochem & Environm Div, Inst Chem, 15G Swietokrzyska Str, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland.
EM aggie@ujk.kielce.pl
RI Migaszewski, Zdzislaw/D-5687-2011; Galuszka, Agnieszka/D-5434-2011
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Mineral Resources Program; Jan Kochanowski
University in Kielce [142/S]
FX We are grateful to Dr. LaDonna Choate of the U.S. Geological Survey,
Denver, Colorado, for her analytical assistance. We are also grateful to
David Fey and Dr. Todor Todorov of the U.S. Geological Survey for their
insightful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. This
study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources
Program, and the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Scientific
Project 142/S.
NR 15
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 15
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1610-3653
J9 ENVIRON CHEM LETT
JI Environ. Chem. Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 9
IS 3
BP 323
EP 329
DI 10.1007/s10311-010-0282-2
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental
Sciences
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 808HW
UT WOS:000293969800002
ER
PT J
AU Langer, WH
Van Gosen, BS
Meeker, GP
Adams, DT
Hoefen, TM
AF Langer, William H.
Van Gosen, Bradley S.
Meeker, Gregory P.
Adams, David T.
Hoefen, Todd M.
TI The dispersion of fibrous amphiboles by glacial processes in the area
surrounding Libby, Montana, USA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Libby; Montana; Amphibole asbestos; Glacial geology; Glacial Lake
Kootenai
ID ASBESTOS-CONTAMINATED VERMICULITE; CONNECTICUT VALLEY; LATE PLEISTOCENE;
RECENT DEPOSITS; MASSACHUSETTS; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; COMPLEX
AB Mining operations began at a world-class vermiculite deposit at Vermiculite Mountain near Libby, Montana, circa 1920 and ended in 1990. Fibrous and asbestiform amphiboles intergrown with vermiculite ore are suspected to be a causative factor in an abnormally high number of cases of respiratory diseases in former mine and mill workers, and in residents of Libby. The question addressed in this report is whether some of the amphibole from Vermiculite Mountain could have been dispersed by Pleistocene glacial processes rather than by human activity after vermiculite mining began. The history of Pinedale glaciation in the Libby area provides a framework for estimating the presence and distribution of asbestiform amphiboles derived from Vermiculite Mountain and found in naturally occurring sediments of Glacial Lake Kootenai that underlie the Libby Valley area. There were two situations where sediments derived from Vermiculite Mountain were deposited into Glacial Lake Kootenai: (1) as lake-bottom sediments derived from meltwater flowing down Rainy Creek when the valley south of Vermiculite Mountain was free of ice but active ice still covered Vermiculite Mountain; and (2) as lake-bottom sediments eroded from the Rainy Creek outwash and re-deposited during a re-advance of the Purcell Trench Glacier lobe near Moyie Springs, Idaho.
C1 [Langer, William H.; Van Gosen, Bradley S.; Meeker, Gregory P.; Adams, David T.; Hoefen, Todd M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Langer, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM blanger@usgs.gov
OI Adams, David/0000-0003-2679-2344; Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI
JI Environ. Earth Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 64
IS 1
BP 157
EP 168
DI 10.1007/s12665-010-0832-8
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 808EC
UT WOS:000293958600016
ER
PT J
AU Rizza, M
Ritz, JF
Braucher, R
Vassallo, R
Prentice, C
Mahan, S
McGill, S
Chauvet, A
Marco, S
Todbileg, M
Demberel, S
Bourles, D
AF Rizza, M.
Ritz, J. -F.
Braucher, R.
Vassallo, R.
Prentice, C.
Mahan, S.
McGill, S.
Chauvet, A.
Marco, S.
Todbileg, M.
Demberel, S.
Bourles, D.
TI Slip rate and slip magnitudes of past earthquakes along the Bogd
left-lateral strike-slip fault (Mongolia)
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Seismic cycle; Geomorphology; Earthquake dynamics; Continental
neotectonics; Continental tectonics: strike-slip and transform; Asia
ID SITU-PRODUCED BE-10; OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; RANGE
GOBI-ALTAY; ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; LATE PLEISTOCENE; UNITED-STATES; AVERAGE
RATE; HALF-LIFE; TECTONICS; EXAMPLES
AB We carried out morphotectonic studies along the left-lateral strike-slip Bogd Fault, the principal structure involved in the Gobi-Altay earthquake of 1957 December 4 (published magnitudes range from 7.8 to 8.3). The Bogd Fault is 260 km long and can be subdivided into five main geometric segments, based on variation in strike direction. West to East these segments are, respectively: the West Ih Bogd (WIB), The North Ih Bogd (NIB), the West Ih Bogd (WIB), the West Baga Bogd (WBB) and the East Baga Bogd (EBB) segments. Morphological analysis of offset streams, ridges and alluvial fans-particularly well preserved in the arid environment of the Gobi region-allows evaluation of late Quaternary slip rates along the different faults segments. In this paper, we measure slip rates over the past 200 ka at four sites distributed across the three western segments of the Bogd Fault. Our results show that the left-lateral slip rate is similar to 1 mm yr(-1) along the WIB and EIB segments and similar to 0.5 mm yr(-1) along the NIB segment. These variations are consistent with the restraining bend geometry of the Bogd Fault.
Our study also provides additional estimates of the horizontal offset associated with the 1957 earthquake along the western part of the Bogd rupture, complementing previously published studies. We show that the mean horizontal offset associated with the 1957 earthquake decreases progressively from 5.2 m in the west to 2.0 m in the east, reflecting the progressive change of kinematic style from pure left-lateral strike-slip faulting to left-lateral-reverse faulting. Along the three western segments, we measure cumulative displacements that are multiples of the 1957 coseismic offset, which may be consistent with a characteristic slip. Moreover, using these data, we re-estimate the moment magnitude of the Gobi-Altay earthquake at M-w 7.78-7.95.
Combining our slip rate estimates and the slip distribution per event we also determined a mean recurrence interval of similar to 2500-5200 yr for past earthquakes along the different segments of the western Bogd Fault. This suggests that the three western segments of the Bogd Fault and the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault (a reverse fault bounding the southern side of the Ih Bogd range that ruptured during the 1957 earthquake) have similar average recurrence times, and therefore may have ruptured together in previous earthquakes as they did in 1957. These results suggest that the western part of the Bogd Fault system, including the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault, usually behaves in a 'characteristic earthquake' mode.
C1 [Rizza, M.; Ritz, J. -F.; Chauvet, A.] Univ Montpellier 2, Geosci Montpellier UMR 5243, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
[Braucher, R.; Bourles, D.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS CEREGE UMR 6635, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France.
[Vassallo, R.] Univ Savoie, LGCA UMR 5025, F-73011 Chambery, France.
[Prentice, C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Mahan, S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[McGill, S.] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Geol Sci, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA.
[Marco, S.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
[Todbileg, M.] Mongolian Univ Sci & Technol, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongol Peo Rep.
[Demberel, S.] RCAG, Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongol Peo Rep.
RP Rizza, M (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, Geosci Montpellier UMR 5243, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
EM rizza@gm.univ-montp2.fr
RI Marco, Shmuel/A-2311-2010;
OI Marco, Shmuel/0000-0001-5548-2447; Bourles, Didier/0000-0001-5991-6126;
Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774; Braucher, Regis/0000-0002-4637-4302
FU French INSU; INSU/CNRS; French Ministry of Research and Higher
Education; IRD; CEA
FX This work was supported by the French INSU 3F ('Failles, Fluides, Flux')
2007 program. We would like to acknowledge our drivers and the RCAG
colleagues for technical support, especially Ulzibat. Field assistance
was provided by Baatarsuren, Ulzibat (MT's brother), Bayanmonh B.,
Javkhaa Otgonhuu and Thomas Guillot. We thank D. Schwartz and P. Vernant
for fruitful discussions about geology of the Bogd Fault, and also R.
Gold, T. Hanks, R. Walker and an anonymous reviewer to improve the
manuscript. The new 10Be measurements were performed at the
ASTER AMS National Facility (CEREGE, Aix en Provence), which is
supported by the INSU/CNRS, the French Ministry of Research and Higher
Education, IRD and CEA.
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U1 1
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0956-540X
EI 1365-246X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 186
IS 3
BP 897
EP 927
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05075.x
PG 31
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 808SF
UT WOS:000293998000001
ER
PT J
AU Herman-Mercer, N
Schuster, PF
Maracle, KB
AF Herman-Mercer, Nicole
Schuster, Paul F.
Maracle, Karonhiakt'tie Bryan
TI Indigenous Observations of Climate Change in the Lower Yukon River
Basin, Alaska
SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION
LA English
DT Article
DE indigenous knowledge; Lower Yukon River Basin; Yup'ik; climate change
ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SNOW COVER; AVHRR DATA; PERMAFROST; ICE
AB Natural science climate change studies have led to an overwhelming amount of evidence that the Arctic and Subarctic are among the world's first locations to begin experiencing climate change. Indigenous knowledge of northern regions is a valuable resource to assess the effects of climate change on the people and the landscape. Most studies, however, have focused on coastal Arctic and Subarctic communities with relatively little focus on inland communities. This paper relates the findings from fieldwork conducted in the Lower Yukon River Basin of Alaska in the spring of 2009. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hunters and elders in the villages of St. Mary's and Pitka's Point, Alaska to document observations of climate change. This study assumes that scientific findings and indigenous knowledge are complementary and seeks to overcome the false dichotomy that these two ways of knowing are in opposition. The observed changes in the climate communicated by the hunters and elders of St. Mary's and Pitka's Point, Alaska are impacting the community in ways ranging from subsistence (shifting flora and fauna patterns), concerns about safety (unpredictable weather patterns and dangerous ice conditions), and a changing resource base (increased reliance on fossil fuels). Here we attempt to address the challenges of integrating these two ways of knowing while relating indigenous observations as described by elders and hunters of the study area to those described by scientific literature.
C1 [Herman-Mercer, Nicole; Schuster, Paul F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program Boulder, Boulder, CO USA.
[Maracle, Karonhiakt'tie Bryan] Council Athabascan Tribal Govt, Ft Yukon, AK USA.
RP Herman-Mercer, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program Boulder, Boulder, CO USA.
NR 34
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U1 4
U2 23
PU SOC APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY
PI OKLAHOMA CITY
PA 3000 UNITED FOUNDERS BLVD, STE 148, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73112 USA
SN 0018-7259
J9 HUM ORGAN
JI Hum. Organ.
PD FAL
PY 2011
VL 70
IS 3
BP 244
EP 252
PG 9
WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 809IA
UT WOS:000294043800004
ER
PT J
AU Forcey, GM
Thogmartin, WE
Linz, GM
Bleier, WJ
McKann, PC
AF Forcey, Greg M.
Thogmartin, Wayne E.
Linz, George M.
Bleier, William J.
McKann, Patrick C.
TI Land use and climate influences on waterbirds in the Prairie Potholes
SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Abundance maps; Bayesian; Breeding Bird Survey; climate; ducks;
hierarchical models; land use; Prairie Pothole Region; USA; waterbirds
ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; SPATIAL COUNT MODEL;
HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS; CERULEAN WARBLERS; HABITAT SELECTION;
POPULATION-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; ABUNDANCE; LANDSCAPE
AB Aim We examined the influences of regional climate and land-use variables on mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), blue-winged teal (Anas discors), ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) and pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) abundances to inform conservation planning in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States.
Location The US portion of Bird Conservation Region 11 (US-BCR11, the Prairie Potholes), which encompasses six states within the United States: Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota and Iowa.
Methods We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (NABBS), the National Land Cover Data Set, and the National Climatic Data Center to model the effects of environmental variables on waterbird abundance. We evaluated land-use covariates at three logarithmically related spatial scales (1000, 10,000 and 100,000 ha), and constructed hierarchical spatial count models a priori using information from published habitat associations. Model fitting was performed using a hierarchical modelling approach within a Bayesian framework.
Results Models with the same variables expressed at different scales were often in the best model subset, indicating that the influence of spatial scale was small. Both land-use and climate variables contributed strongly to predicting waterbird abundance in US-BCR11. The strongest positive influences on waterbird abundance were the percentage of wetland area across all three spatial scales, herbaceous vegetation and precipitation variables. Other variables that we included in our models did not appear to influence waterbirds in this study.
Main conclusions Understanding the relationships of waterbird abundance to climate and land use may allow us to make predictions of future distribution and abundance as environmental factors change. Additionally, results from this study can suggest locations where conservation and management efforts should be focused.
C1 [Forcey, Greg M.; Bleier, William J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA.
[Thogmartin, Wayne E.; McKann, Patrick C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
[Linz, George M.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA.
RP Forcey, GM (reprint author), Normandeau Associates Inc, 102 NE 10th Ave,1st Floor, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA.
EM research@gregforcey.com
RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008
OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279
FU National Wildlife Research Center, a unit within the United States
Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service,
Wildlife Services; Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School at
North Dakota State University
FX We thank M. Biondini, G. Clambey and G. Nuechterlein for their
contributions and advice on this study. D. Anderson, D. Granfors, R.
Johnson, N. Niemuth and J. Sauer provided suggestions on the data
analyses for this project. We also thank E. O'Neal for providing ARCGIS
plug-ins to simplify the spatial analyses of climate and land-use data.
We are grateful to the thousands of volunteers who annually conduct
breeding bird survey counts. This project was funded by the National
Wildlife Research Center, a unit within the United States Department of
Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife
Services. G. Linz was the Study Director. Financial support was also
provided by the Department of Biological Sciences and the Graduate
School at North Dakota State University.
NR 64
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U1 2
U2 60
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0305-0270
J9 J BIOGEOGR
JI J. Biogeogr.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 38
IS 9
BP 1694
EP 1707
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02510.x
PG 14
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 807NS
UT WOS:000293906600006
ER
PT J
AU Kurt, TD
Seelig, DM
Schneider, JR
Johnson, CJ
Telling, GC
Heisey, DM
Hoover, EA
AF Kurt, Timothy D.
Seelig, Davis M.
Schneider, Jay R.
Johnson, Christopher J.
Telling, Glenn C.
Heisey, Dennis M.
Hoover, Edward A.
TI Alteration of the Chronic Wasting Disease Species Barrier by In Vitro
Prion Amplification
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY PRIONS; DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS;
PURKINJE-CELL LOSS; MULE DEER; TRANSGENIC MICE; INTRACEREBRAL
INOCULATION; INFECTIOUS PRIONS; CWD PRIONS; PRP GENE; TRANSMISSION
AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of cervids now detected in 19 states of the United States, three Canadian provinces, and South Korea. Whether noncervid species can be infected by CWD and thereby serve as reservoirs for the infection is not known. To investigate this issue, we previously used serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) to demonstrate that CWD prions can amplify in brain homogenates from several species sympatric with cervids, including prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and field mice (Peromyscus spp.). Here, we show that prairie voles are susceptible to mule deer CWD prions in vivo and that sPMCA amplification of CWD prions in vole brain enhances the infectivity of CWD for this species. Prairie voles inoculated with sPMCA products developed clinical signs of TSE disease approximately 300 days prior to, and more consistently than, those inoculated with CWD prions from deer brain. Moreover, the deposition patterns and biochemical properties of protease-resistant form of PrP (PrPRES) in the brains of affected voles differed from those in cervidized transgenic (CerPrP) mice infected with CWD. In addition, voles inoculated orally with sPMCA products developed clinical signs of TSE and were positive for PrPRES deposition, whereas those inoculated orally with deer-origin CWD prions did not. These results demonstrate that transspecies sPMCA of CWD prions can enhance the infectivity and adapt the host range of CWD prions and thereby may be useful to assess determinants of prion species barriers.
C1 [Kurt, Timothy D.; Seelig, Davis M.; Hoover, Edward A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Schneider, Jay R.; Johnson, Christopher J.; Heisey, Dennis M.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Prion Res Lab, Madison, WI USA.
[Telling, Glenn C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Neurol, Sanders Brown Ctr Aging, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet,Med Ctr, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
RP Hoover, EA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 1619 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM edward.hoover@colostate.edu
RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009
OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581
FU NIH/NIAID [NO1-AI-25491]; Morris Animal Foundation [D07ZO-072];
[NCRR-T32-RR07072]
FX This work was supported by contract NO1-AI-25491 from NIH/NIAID, grant
D07ZO-072 from the Morris Animal Foundation, and grant NCRR-T32-RR07072.
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U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0022-538X
J9 J VIROL
JI J. Virol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 85
IS 17
BP 8528
EP 8537
DI 10.1128/JVI.00809-11
PG 10
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 804AO
UT WOS:000293626100007
PM 21697475
ER
PT J
AU Leclaire, S
White, J
Arnoux, E
Faivre, B
Vetter, N
Hatch, SA
Danchin, E
AF Leclaire, Sarah
White, Joel
Arnoux, Emilie
Faivre, Bruno
Vetter, Nathanael
Hatch, Scott A.
Danchin, Etienne
TI Integument coloration signals reproductive success, heterozygosity, and
antioxidant levels in chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes
SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN
LA English
DT Article
DE Beak coloration; Heterozygosity; Integument coloration; Carotenoid;
Vitamin A; Retinol; Reproductive success
ID RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; MATE CHOICE; GOOD GENES; BLUE TITS;
DIFFERENTIAL-ALLOCATION; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY;
PLUMAGE COLORATION; MOUTH COLORATION; PARENTAL EFFORT
AB Carotenoid pigments are important for immunity and as antioxidants, and carotenoid-based colors are believed to provide honest signals of individual quality. Other colorless but more efficient antioxidants such as vitamins A and E may protect carotenoids from bleaching. Carotenoid-based colors have thus recently been suggested to reflect the concentration of such colorless antioxidants, but this has rarely been tested. Furthermore, although evidence is accruing for multiple genetic criteria for mate choice, carotenoid-based colors have rarely been shown to reflect both phenotypic and genetic quality. In this study, we investigated whether gape, tongue, eye-ring, and bill coloration of chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla reflected circulating levels of carotenoids and vitamins A and E. We further investigated whether integument coloration reflected phenotypic (body condition and fledging success) and genetic quality (heterozygosity). We found that the coloration of fleshy integuments was correlated with carotenoid and vitamin A levels and fledging success but only in males. Furthermore, the coloration of tongue and eye-ring was correlated with heterozygosity in both males and females. Integument colors might therefore be reliable signals of individual quality used by birds to adjust their parental care during the chick-rearing period.
C1 [Leclaire, Sarah; White, Joel; Vetter, Nathanael; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse 3, ENFA, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
[Leclaire, Sarah; White, Joel; Vetter, Nathanael; Danchin, Etienne] UMR5174 EDB, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
[Leclaire, Sarah; White, Joel; Vetter, Nathanael; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, EDB UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
[Arnoux, Emilie; Faivre, Bruno] Univ Bourgogne, Biogeosci UMR 5561, Dijon, France.
[Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Leclaire, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, LARG, Cambridge, England.
EM sarah.leclaire@free.fr
RI Leclaire, Sarah/D-6519-2011; Danchin, Etienne/A-2299-2009; White,
Joel/D-8482-2011
OI Leclaire, Sarah/0000-0002-4579-5850;
FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) [1162]
FX We are very grateful to F. Bailly, P. Blanchard, T. Merkling, C.
DeFranceschi, and V. Frochot for their help in the field, and E.
Lhuillier and C. Veyssiere for their help in genotyping. We thank J.
Cornuault for his help in using Avicol software and M. Giraudeau, F.
Helfenstein, and C. Doutrelant for helpful discussion. Experiments were
carried out in accordance with US laws and under permits from the US
Fish and Wildlife Service and State of Alaska. This study was financed
in part by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV, program
1162). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the US government.
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U1 3
U2 31
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0028-1042
J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN
JI Naturwissenschaften
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 98
IS 9
BP 773
EP 782
DI 10.1007/s00114-011-0827-7
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 808HS
UT WOS:000293969200007
PM 21792598
ER
PT J
AU Stackpoole, SM
Kosola, KR
Workmaster, BAA
Guldan, NM
Browne, BA
Jackson, RD
AF Stackpoole, Sarah M.
Kosola, Kevin R.
Workmaster, Beth Ann A.
Guldan, Nathan M.
Browne, Bryant A.
Jackson, Randall D.
TI Looking beyond fertilizer: assessing the contribution of nitrogen from
hydrologic inputs and organic matter to plant growth in the cranberry
agroecosystem
SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Dissolved organic nitrogen; Organic matter; Fertilizer; Hydrologic
inputs; Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi; Cranberry; Vaccinium
ID ERICOID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; VACCINIUM-MACROCARPON; SOIL; TEMPERATURE;
DEPOSITION; RECOVERY; YIELD; RATES; MINERALIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS
AB Even though nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient for successful cranberry production, N cycling in cranberry agroecosystems is not completely understood. Prior research has focused mainly on timing and uptake of ammonium fertilizer, but the objective of our study was to evaluate the potential for additional N contributions from hydrologic inputs (flooding, irrigation, groundwater, and precipitation) and organic matter (OM). Plant biomass, soil, surface and groundwater samples were collected from five cranberry beds (cranberry production fields) on four different farms, representing both upland and lowland systems. Estimated average annual plant uptake (63.3 +/- A 22.5 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) exceeded total average annual fertilizer inputs (39.5 +/- A 11.6 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)). Irrigation, precipitation, and floodwater N summed to an average 23 +/- A 0.7 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), which was about 60% of fertilizer N. Leaf and stem litterfall added 5.2 +/- A 1.2 and 24.1 +/- A 3.0 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) respectively. The estimated net N mineralization rate from the buried bag technique was 5 +/- A 0.2 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), which was nearly 15% of fertilizer N. Dissolved organic nitrogen represented a significant portion of the total N pool in both surface water and soil samples. Mixed-ion exchange resin core incubations indicated that 80% of total inorganic N from fertilizer, irrigation, precipitation, and mineralization was nitrate, and approximately 70% of recovered inorganic N from groundwater was nitrate. There was a weak but significant negative relationship between extractable soil ammonium concentrations and ericoid mycorrhizal colonization (ERM) rates (r = -0.22, P < 0.045). Growers may benefit from balancing the N inputs from hydrologic sources and OM relative to fertilizer N in order to maximize the benefits of ERM fungi in actively mediating N cycling in cranberry agroecosystems.
C1 [Stackpoole, Sarah M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Stackpoole, Sarah M.; Kosola, Kevin R.; Workmaster, Beth Ann A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Guldan, Nathan M.; Browne, Bryant A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
[Jackson, Randall D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Kosola, Kevin R.] Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA.
[Guldan, Nathan M.] Forest Cty Potawatomi Commun, Dept Nat Resources, Crandon, WI 54520 USA.
RP Stackpoole, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM sstackpoole@usgs.gov
FU Robert and Helen Gottschalk endowment; United States Department of
Agriculture Cooperative State, Research, Education; Extension Service
(USDA-CREES); United States Department of Agriculture Sustainable
Agriculture Research and Education (USDA-SARE)
FX We thank grower cooperators in Wisconsin for permitting us to sample on
their cranberry farms. This research was supported by funding from the
Robert and Helen Gottschalk endowment, United States Department of
Agriculture Cooperative State, Research, Education and Extension Service
(USDA-CREES) program, and a United States Department of Agriculture
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (USDA-SARE) grant.
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U1 5
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-1314
J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS
JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 91
IS 1
BP 41
EP 54
DI 10.1007/s10705-011-9442-4
PG 14
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 807PV
UT WOS:000293913100004
ER
PT J
AU Harding, AMA
Welcker, J
Steen, H
Hamer, KC
Kitaysky, AS
Fort, J
Talbot, SL
Cornick, LA
Karnovsky, NJ
Gabrielsen, GW
Gremillet, D
AF Harding, Ann M. A.
Welcker, Jorg
Steen, Harald
Hamer, Keith C.
Kitaysky, Alexander S.
Fort, Jerome
Talbot, Sandra L.
Cornick, Leslie A.
Karnovsky, Nina J.
Gabrielsen, Geir W.
Gremillet, David
TI Adverse foraging conditions may impact body mass and survival of a high
Arctic seabird
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Body mass; Corticosterone; Little auk; Survival; Tradeoff
ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS-RESPONSE; LONG-LIVED
SEABIRD; AUK ALLE-ALLE; FOOD AVAILABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ENVIRONMENTAL
VARIABILITY; POPULATION PROCESSES; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; BREEDING SEABIRD
AB Tradeoffs between current reproduction and future survival are widely recognized, but may only occur when food is limited: when foraging conditions are favorable, parents may be able to reproduce without compromising their own survival. We investigated these tradeoffs in the little auk (Alle alle), a small seabird with a single-egg clutch. During 2005-2007, we examined the relationship between body mass and survival of birds breeding under contrasting foraging conditions at two Arctic colonies. We used corticosterone levels of breeding adults as a physiological indicator of the foraging conditions they encountered during each reproductive season. We found that when foraging conditions were relatively poor (as reflected in elevated levels of corticosterone), parents ended the reproductive season with low body mass and suffered increased post-breeding mortality. A positive relationship between body mass and post-breeding survival was found in one study year; light birds incurred higher survival costs than heavy birds. The results of this study suggest that reproducing under poor foraging conditions may affect the post-breeding survival of long-lived little auks. They also have important demographic implications because even a small change in adult survival may have a large effect on populations of long-lived species.
C1 [Harding, Ann M. A.; Hamer, Keith C.] Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Harding, Ann M. A.; Cornick, Leslie A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Welcker, Jorg; Steen, Harald; Gabrielsen, Geir W.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
[Kitaysky, Alexander S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Fort, Jerome; Gremillet, David] Ctr Natl Rech Sci CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France.
[Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Karnovsky, Nina J.] Pomona Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91771 USA.
RP Harding, AMA (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Miall Bldg, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
EM aharding@usgs.gov
RI Steen, Harald/A-3198-2012; Fort, Jerome/F-1157-2016
OI Fort, Jerome/0000-0002-0860-6707
FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor [388]; National Science
Foundation [0612504]; Research Council of Norway [165112/S30];
USGS-Alaska Science Center; NPRB [RO320]; NSF EPSCoR [0346770]
FX Many thanks to M. Hall, H. Routti, J. Fort, R. Orben, E. Weston, M. Anne
Pella-Donnelly, K. Holser, L. Borg, S. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
Delingat, N. Seifert, S. Natterer, and J. Schultner for their energy and
assistance in the field, and to M. Munck, NANU Travel, C. Egevang, F.
Delbart, T. and T. Fischbach, R. and J. Harding, and W. Moskal for their
logistical support. We thank Z. Kitaiskaia for her expertly performed
hormonal assays and W. Walkusz for the analysis of chick diet. This
project was funded by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor
(Grant 388 to D. G.), the National Science Foundation (grant 0612504 to
A. M. A. H. and N. J. K.), the Research Council of Norway (MariClim,
165112/S30), and was supported by the USGS-Alaska Science Center.
Additional funding was provided by NPRB grant no. RO320 and NSF EPSCoR
NSF no. 0346770 to ASK. Earlier drafts of the manuscript benefited from
thoughtful comments by J. Schmutz, M. Hall, and two anonymous reviewers.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. All field
work in East Greenland was conducted with the permission of the
Greenland Home Rule Government, Ministry of Environment and Nature
(Danish Polar Centre Scientific Expedition Permit 512-240) and under
permits of the Ethics Committee of the French Polar Institute
(MP/12/24/05/05). All field work on Spitsbergen was conducted with the
permission of the Governor of Svalbard.
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U1 1
U2 49
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 167
IS 1
BP 49
EP 59
DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1971-7
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 807QE
UT WOS:000293914000006
PM 21445685
ER
PT J
AU Stein, AB
Fuller, TK
DeStefano, S
Marker, LL
AF Stein, Andrew B.
Fuller, Todd K.
DeStefano, Stephen
Marker, Laurie L.
TI Leopard population and home range estimates in north-central Namibia
SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PANTHERA-PARDUS; PROTECTED AREAS; CAMERA-TRAPS; CAPE-PROVINCE;
NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTH-AFRICA; DENSITY; ABUNDANCE; PREDATORS; ECOLOGY
C1 [Stein, Andrew B.; Fuller, Todd K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[DeStefano, Stephen] USGS Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res U, Amherst, MA USA.
[Marker, Laurie L.] Cheetah Conservat Fund, Otjiwarongo, Namibia.
RP Fuller, TK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM tkfuller@eco.umass.edu
FU Cheetah Conservation Fund
FX We thank the Namibian Ministry of Environment and Tourism, the WPP, E.
Tjiteere, the Cheetah Conservation Fund, the Wildlife Conservation
Society, the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, field assistants and
reviewers.
NR 39
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U1 4
U2 54
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0141-6707
J9 AFR J ECOL
JI Afr. J. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 3
BP 383
EP 387
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2011.01267.x
PG 5
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 802MP
UT WOS:000293516000017
ER
PT J
AU Wolf, KL
Ahn, C
Noe, GB
AF Wolf, Kristin L.
Ahn, Changwoo
Noe, Gregory B.
TI Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created
mitigation wetlands
SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Created mitigation wetlands; Microtopography; Ammonification;
Nitrification; Nitrogen mineralization; Denitrification potential
ID SOIL SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; PAIRED NATURAL WETLANDS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY;
PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION; VEGETATION; DENITRIFICATION; RESTORATION;
CARBON; DYNAMICS; SEDIMENTATION
AB Natural wetlands often have a heterogeneous soil surface topography, or microtopography (MT), that creates microsites of variable hydrology, vegetation, and soil biogeochemistry. Created mitigation wetlands are designed to mimic natural wetlands in structure and function, and recent mitigation projects have incorporated MT as one way to attain this goal. Microtopography may influence nitrogen (N) cycling in wetlands by providing adjacent areas of aerobic and anaerobic conditions and by increasing carbon storage, which together facilitate N cycling and removal. This study investigated three created wetlands in the Virginia Piedmont that incorporated disking-induced MT during construction. One site had paired disked and undisked plots, allowing an evaluation of the effects of this design feature on N flux rates. Microtopography was measured using conventional survey equipment along a 1-m circular transect and was described using two indices: tortuosity (T), describing soil surface roughness and relief, and limiting elevation difference (LD), describing soil surface relief. Ammonification, nitrification, and net N mineralization were determined with in situ incubation of modified ion-exchange resin cores and denitrification potential was determined using denitrification enzyme assay (DEA). Results demonstrated that disked plots had significantly greater LD than undisked plots one year after construction. Autogenic sources of MT (e.g. tussock-forming vegetation) in concert with variable hydrology and sedimentation maintained and in some cases enhanced MT in study wetlands. Tortuosity and LD values remained the same in one wetland when compared over a two-year period, suggesting a dynamic equilibrium of MT-forming and -eroding processes at play. Microtopography values also increased when comparing the original induced MT of a one-year old wetland with MT of older created wetlands (five and eight years old) with disking-induced MT, indicating that MT can increase by natural processes over time. When examined along a hydrologic gradient, LD increased with proximity to an overflow point as a result of differential sediment deposition and erosion during flood events. Nitrification increased with T and denitrification potential increased with LD, indicating that microtopographic heterogeneity enhances coupled N fluxes. The resulting N flux patterns may be explained by the increase in oxygen availability elicited by greater T (enhancing nitrification) and by the adjacent zones of aerobic and anaerobic conditions elicited by greater LD (enhancing coupled nitrification and denitrification potential). Findings of this study support the incorporation of MT into the design and regulatory evaluation of created wetlands in order to enhance N cycling and removal. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Wolf, Kristin L.; Ahn, Changwoo] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Wolf, Kristin L.; Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Wolf, KL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 4400 Univ Dr,MS 5F2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM kwolf2@gmu.edu
OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646
FU USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science; USGS-NIWR; Jeffress Memorial
Trust; Society of Wetlands Scientists; USGS; Washington Field Biologist
Club; Cosmos Foundation
FX We thank Sameer Bhattarai, Nicholas Ostroski, Russel Fielding, and
Hannah McFarland for their help with data collection and Elizabeth Jones
and the M. Voytek microbiology lab for use of their equipment for this
project. We also thank Wetland Solutions and Studies, Inc. and Angler
Environmental for use of their wetlands. This study was made possible
through funding from USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science,
USGS-NIWR Grant, Jeffress Memorial Trust Fund, the Society of Wetlands
Scientists, USGS Hydrologic Networks and Analysis Program, USGS National
Research Program, the Washington Field Biologist Club, and the Cosmos
Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 68
TC 19
Z9 21
U1 3
U2 40
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-8574
J9 ECOL ENG
JI Ecol. Eng.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 9
BP 1398
EP 1406
DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013
PG 9
WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering
GA 804VI
UT WOS:000293681700015
ER
PT J
AU Cleveland, CC
Townsend, AR
Taylor, P
Alvarez-Clare, S
Bustamante, MMC
Chuyong, G
Dobrowski, SZ
Grierson, P
Harms, KE
Houlton, BZ
Marklein, A
Parton, W
Porder, S
Reed, SC
Sierra, CA
Silver, WL
Tanner, EVJ
Wieder, WR
AF Cleveland, Cory C.
Townsend, Alan R.
Taylor, Philip
Alvarez-Clare, Silvia
Bustamante, Mercedes M. C.
Chuyong, George
Dobrowski, Solomon Z.
Grierson, Pauline
Harms, Kyle E.
Houlton, Benjamin Z.
Marklein, Alison
Parton, William
Porder, Stephen
Reed, Sasha C.
Sierra, Carlos A.
Silver, Whendee L.
Tanner, Edmund V. J.
Wieder, William R.
TI Relationships among net primary productivity, nutrients and climate in
tropical rain forest: a pan-tropical analysis
SO ECOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Review
DE Carbon cycle; climate; decomposition; meta-analysis; nitrogen; nutrient
limitation; phosphorus; primary production; tropical forest
ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; N-P STOICHIOMETRY; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION;
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; NITROGEN-RETENTION;
REGRESSION TREES; GLOBAL PATTERNS; SOIL; AVAILABILITY
AB Tropical rain forests play a dominant role in global biosphere-atmosphere CO(2) exchange. Although climate and nutrient availability regulate net primary production (NPP) and decomposition in all terrestrial ecosystems, the nature and extent of such controls in tropical forests remain poorly resolved. We conducted a meta-analysis of carbon-nutrient-climate relationships in 113 sites across the tropical forest biome. Our analyses showed that mean annual temperature was the strongest predictor of aboveground NPP (ANPP) across all tropical forests, but this relationship was driven by distinct temperature differences between upland and lowland forests. Within lowland forests (< 1000 m), a regression tree analysis revealed that foliar and soil-based measurements of phosphorus (P) were the only variables that explained a significant proportion of the variation in ANPP, although the relationships were weak. However, foliar P, foliar nitrogen (N), litter decomposition rate (k), soil N and soil respiration were all directly related with total surface (0-10 cm) soil P concentrations. Our analysis provides some evidence that P availability regulates NPP and other ecosystem processes in lowland tropical forests, but more importantly, underscores the need for a series of large-scale nutrient manipulations - especially in lowland forests - to elucidate the most important nutrient interactions and controls.
C1 [Cleveland, Cory C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Townsend, Alan R.; Taylor, Philip; Wieder, William R.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Alvarez-Clare, Silvia] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Alvarez-Clare, Silvia] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Bustamante, Mercedes M. C.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
[Chuyong, George] Univ Buea, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Buea, Cameroon.
[Dobrowski, Solomon Z.] Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Grierson, Pauline] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol M090, Crawley, WA 6016, Australia.
[Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Harms, Kyle E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama.
[Houlton, Benjamin Z.; Marklein, Alison] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Parton, William] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Porder, Stephen] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
[Sierra, Carlos A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biol Proc, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
[Silver, Whendee L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Tanner, Edmund V. J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England.
RP Cleveland, CC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
EM cory.cleveland@umontana.edu
RI Sierra, Carlos/A-5694-2009; Grierson, Pauline/A-9240-2008; Silver,
Whendee/H-1118-2012; Marklein, Alison/I-3255-2016;
OI Sierra, Carlos/0000-0003-0009-4169; Grierson,
Pauline/0000-0003-2135-0272; Marklein, Alison/0000-0002-0865-5816;
Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X; WIEDER,
WILLIAM/0000-0001-7116-1985
FU National Science Foundation; University of California; State of
California; A.W. Mellon foundation
FX This paper is a contribution from the Tropical Nutrient Limitation
working group at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and
Synthesis (funded by the National Science Foundation), the University of
California and the State of California. We thank the staff of NCEAS for
logistical and technical support, R. Rawlinson for assistance with
figure production and the anonymous many others that helped locate data
and assemble the database. We are also grateful to three anonymous
referees and to D. Hooper for valuable comments on the submitted
manuscript. C.C. wishes to acknowledge financial support from the A.W.
Mellon foundation through a grant to investigate nutrient cycling in
tropical forests.
NR 97
TC 132
Z9 140
U1 16
U2 228
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1461-023X
J9 ECOL LETT
JI Ecol. Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 14
IS 9
BP 939
EP 947
DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01658.x
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 804BI
UT WOS:000293628300014
PM 21749602
ER
PT J
AU Young, JA
van Manen, FT
Thatcher, CA
AF Young, John A.
van Manen, Frank T.
Thatcher, Cindy A.
TI Geographic Profiling to Assess the Risk of Rare Plant Poaching in
Natural Areas
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE American ginseng; Geospatial; Model; AHP; Geographic profiling; Poaching
ID MULTICRITERIA EVALUATION; FOREST MANAGEMENT; DECISION-MAKING; GIS;
ENFORCEMENT; MODELS; PARK
AB We demonstrate the use of an expert-assisted spatial model to examine geographic factors influencing the poaching risk of a rare plant (American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L.) in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA. Following principles of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we identified a hierarchy of 11 geographic factors deemed important to poaching risk and requested law enforcement personnel of the National Park Service to rank those factors in a series of pair-wise comparisons. We used those comparisons to determine statistical weightings of each factor and combined them into a spatial model predicting poaching risk. We tested the model using 69 locations of previous poaching incidents recorded by law enforcement personnel. These locations occurred more frequently in areas predicted by the model to have a higher risk of poaching than random locations. The results of our study can be used to evaluate resource protection strategies and to target law enforcement activities.
C1 [Young, John A.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
[van Manen, Frank T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr,So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Thatcher, Cindy A.] USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Young, JA (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
EM jyoung@usgs.gov; vanmanen@utk.edu; thatcherc@usgs.gov
OI Thatcher, Cindy/0000-0003-0331-071X
FU National Park Service
FX This project was funded by the National Park Service, Natural Resources
Protection Program through the Appalachian Chain Demonstration Project.
We thank E. Clark, J. Yorkey, D. Hurlbert, W. Cass, and A. Williams of
the NPS and K. Johnson of the Institute for Conservation Law Enforcement
at James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia for project
guidance, assistance with implementing surveys, and access to data. We
also thank the conservation law enforcement rangers of the NPS for
participation in the survey. We thank A. Rafter for gathering data and
assisting in early versions of this modeling exercise. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the United States Government.
NR 46
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 5
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 3
BP 577
EP 587
DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9687-3
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 804EF
UT WOS:000293636400017
PM 21598035
ER
PT J
AU Hamdan, LJ
Gillevet, PM
Pohlman, JW
Sikaroodi, M
Greinert, J
Coffin, RB
AF Hamdan, Leila J.
Gillevet, Patrick M.
Pohlman, John W.
Sikaroodi, Masoumeh
Greinert, Jens
Coffin, Richard B.
TI Diversity and biogeochemical structuring of bacterial communities across
the Porangahau ridge accretionary prism, New Zealand
SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bacteria; AOM; marine sediment; methane; sulfate; 454-pyrosequencing
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON;
COLD SEEP SEDIMENTS; GAS HYDRATE; DEEP-SEA; HIKURANGI MARGIN; MICROBIAL
COMMUNITIES; SULFATE REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS
AB Sediments from the Porangahau ridge, located off the northeastern coast of New Zealand, were studied to describe bacterial community structure in conjunction with differing biogeochemical regimes across the ridge. Low diversity was observed in sediments from an eroded basin seaward of the ridge and the community was dominated by uncultured members of the Burkholderiales. Chloroflexi/GNS and Deltaproteobacteria were abundant in sediments from a methane seep located landward of the ridge. Gas-charged and organic-rich sediments further landward had the highest overall diversity. Surface sediments, with the exception of those from the basin, were dominated by Rhodobacterales sequences associated with organic matter deposition. Taxa related to the Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus and the JS1 candidates were highly abundant at the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) at three sites. To determine how community structure was influenced by terrestrial, pelagic and in situ substrates, sequence data were statistically analyzed against geochemical data (e.g. sulfate, chloride, nitrogen, phosphorous, methane, bulk inorganic and organic carbon pools) using the Biota-Environmental matching procedure. Landward of the ridge, sulfate was among the most significant structuring factors. Seaward of the ridge, silica and ammonium were important structuring factors. Regardless of the transect location, methane was the principal structuring factor on SMTZ communities.
C1 [Hamdan, Leila J.; Coffin, Richard B.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC USA.
[Gillevet, Patrick M.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Microbiome Anal Ctr, Manassas, VA USA.
[Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Greinert, Jens] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Dept Marine Geol, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.
RP Hamdan, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Code 6114,Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA.
EM leila.hamdan@nrl.navy.mil
RI Hamdan, Leila/A-4535-2009;
OI Hamdan, Leila/0000-0001-7331-0729; Greinert, Jens/0000-0001-6186-8573
FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research
FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Chemistry
Division Young Investigator Program and the Office of Naval Research
platform support program. We thank the captain and crew of the R/V
Tangaroa for field assistance, Roswell Downer and Layton Bryant for
sample recovery, Rebecca Plummer and Dillon Gustafson for laboratory
assistance and Ingo Pecher and Suzannah Toulmin for helpful discussions.
We thank Co-Chief Scientists Ingo Pecher and Stewart Henrys and the
CHARMNZ science party for their support of this study.
NR 73
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 30
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0168-6496
J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL
JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 77
IS 3
BP 518
EP 532
DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01133.x
PG 15
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 804WJ
UT WOS:000293684700005
PM 21595727
ER
PT J
AU Wagner, T
Soranno, PA
Webster, KE
Cheruvelil, KS
AF Wagner, Tyler
Soranno, Patricia A.
Webster, Katherine E.
Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence
TI Landscape drivers of regional variation in the relationship between
total phosphorus and chlorophyll in lakes
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian hierarchical models; ecological drainage unit; eutrophication;
lake productivity; total phosphorus-chlorophyll a relationships
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; LAND-USE; BAYESIAN MEASURES; FRESH-WATER;
SCALE; NUTRIENTS; NITROGEN; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; VARIANCE
AB 1. For north temperate lakes, the well-studied empirical relationship between phosphorus (as measured by total phosphorus, TP), the most commonly limiting nutrient and algal biomass (as measured by chlorophyll a, CHL) has been found to vary across a wide range of landscape settings. Variation in the parameters of these TP-CHL regressions has been attributed to such lake variables as nitrogen/phosphorus ratios, organic carbon and alkalinity, all of which are strongly related to catchment characteristics (e. g. natural land cover and human land use). Although this suggests that landscape setting can help to explain much of the variation in ecoregional TP-CHL regression parameters, few studies have attempted to quantify relationships at an ecoregional spatial scale.
2. We tested the hypothesis that lake algal biomass and its predicted response to changes in phosphorus are related to both local-scale features (e.g. lake and catchment) and ecoregional-scale features, all of which affect the availability and transport of covarying solutes such as nitrogen, organic carbon and alkalinity. Specifically, we expected that land use and cover, acting at both local and ecoregional scales, would partially explain the spatial pattern in parameters of the TP-CHL regression.
3. We used a multilevel modelling framework and data from 2105 inland lakes spanning 35 ecoregions in six US states to test our hypothesis and identify specific local and ecoregional features that explain spatial heterogeneity in TP-CHL relationships. We include variables such as lake depth, natural land cover (for instance, wetland cover in the catchment of lakes and in the ecoregions) and human land use (for instance, agricultural land use in the catchment of lakes and in the ecoregions).
4. There was substantial heterogeneity in TP-CHL relationships across the 35 ecoregions. At the local scale, CHL was negatively and positively related to lake mean depth and percentage of wooded wetlands in the catchment, respectively. At the ecoregional scale, the slope parameter was positively related to the percentage of pasture in an ecoregion, indicating that CHL tends to respond more rapidly to changes in TP where there are high levels of agricultural pasture than where there is little. The intercept (i.e. the ecoregion-average CHL) was negatively related to the percentage of wooded wetlands in the ecoregion.
5. By explicitly accounting for the hierarchical nature of lake-landscape interactions, we quantified the effects of landscape characteristics on the response of CHL to TP at two spatial scales. We provide new insight into ecoregional drivers of the rate at which algal biomass responds to changes in nutrient concentrations. Our results also indicate that the direction and magnitude of the effects of certain land use and cover characteristics on lake nutrient dynamics may be scale dependent and thus likely to represent different underlying mechanisms regulating lake productivity.
C1 [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Soranno, Patricia A.; Webster, Katherine E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Webster, Katherine E.; Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence] Queens Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland.
[Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM txw19@psu.edu
RI Brousseau, Andrew/F-9478-2011;
OI Webster, Katherine/0000-0002-6009-0146; Soranno,
Patricia/0000-0003-1668-9271
NR 45
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 48
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0046-5070
EI 1365-2427
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 9
BP 1811
EP 1824
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02621.x
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 802PJ
UT WOS:000293523200009
ER
PT J
AU Dean, DJ
Scott, ML
Shafroth, PB
Schmidt, JC
AF Dean, D. J.
Scott, M. L.
Shafroth, P. B.
Schmidt, J. C.
TI Stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and dendrogeomorphic analyses of rapid
floodplain formation along the Rio Grande in Big Bend National Park,
Texas
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID RIVER DRAINAGE-BASIN; VERTICAL ACCRETION; GREEN RIVER; COLORADO PLATEAU;
BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POWDER RIVER; VEGETATION; UTAH; SINGLE; LUMINESCENCE
AB The channel of the lower Rio Grande in the Big Bend region rapidly narrows during years of low mean and peak flow. We conducted stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and dendrogeomorphic analyses within two long floodplain trenches to precisely reconstruct the timing and processes of recent floodplain formation. We show that the channel of the Rio Grande narrowed through the oblique and vertical accretion of inset floodplains following channel-widening floods in 1978 and 1990-1991. Vertical accretion occurred at high rates, ranging from 16 to 35 cm/yr.
Dendrogeomorphic analyses show that the onset of channel narrowing occurred during low-flow years when channel bars obliquely and vertically accreted fine sediment. This initial stage of accretion occurred by both bedload and suspended-load deposition within the active channel. Vegetation became established on top of these fine-grained deposits during years of low peak flow and stabilized these developing surfaces. Subsequent deposition by moderate floods (between 1.5 and 7 yr recurrence intervals) caused additional accretion at rapid rates. Suspended-sediment deposition was dominant in the upper deposits, resulting in the formation of natural levees at the channel margins and the deposition of horizontally bedded, fining-upward deposits in the floodplain trough. Overall, channel narrowing and floodplain formation occurred through an evolution from active-channel to floodplain depositional processes. High-resolution dendrogeomorphic analyses provide the ability to specifically correlate the flow record to the onset of narrowing, the establishment of riparian vegetation, the formation of natural levees, and ultimately, the conversion of portions of the active channel to floodplains.
C1 [Dean, D. J.; Schmidt, J. C.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Scott, M. L.; Shafroth, P. B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM david.dean@usu.edu
FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program
FX This study was primarily funded by the National Park Service.
Dendrogeomorphic analysis was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey,
Invasive Species Program. We thank the staff of Big Bend National Park
for accommodating our research and housing needs. Special thanks go to
Big Bend National Park physical scientist Jeff Bennett and botanist Joe
Sirotnak for their unwavering support and constructive ideas. Thanks are
also due to Big Bend National Park staff Raymond Skiles, Billie Brauch,
Jeff Sartain, Albert-Silva, and Frank Aguirre for logistical support,
field work, and trench excavation. We thank Julie Roth and Jonathan
Friedman for significant contributions to the dendrogeomorphic methods
and analyses, Jason Alexander, Jon Harvey, and Tyler Logan for their
field assistance, Joel Pederson, Nicholas Allmendinger, Jonathan
Friedman, and Andrew Wilcox for their comments and suggestions on early
drafts of this manuscript, and James Pizzuto and Richard Hereford for
their constructive reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 55
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 16
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2011
VL 123
IS 9-10
BP 1908
EP 1925
DI 10.1130/B30379.1
PG 18
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 799KR
UT WOS:000293286100015
ER
PT J
AU Mueller, T
Olson, KA
Dressler, G
Leimgruber, P
Fuller, TK
Nicolson, C
Novaro, AJ
Bolgeri, MJ
Wattles, D
DeStefano, S
Calabrese, JM
Fagan, WF
AF Mueller, Thomas
Olson, Kirk A.
Dressler, Gunnar
Leimgruber, Peter
Fuller, Todd K.
Nicolson, Craig
Novaro, Andres J.
Bolgeri, Maria J.
Wattles, David
DeStefano, Stephen
Calabrese, Justin M.
Fagan, William F.
TI How landscape dynamics link individual- to population-level movement
patterns: a multispecies comparison of ungulate relocation data
SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Animal movements; landscape dynamics; migration; NDVI; relocation data;
ungulates
ID GAZELLES PROCAPRA-GUTTUROSA; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; MIGRATION; SATELLITE;
DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTS; PRODUCTIVITY; SERENGETI; MAMMALS
AB Aim To demonstrate how the interrelations of individual movements form large-scale population-level movement patterns and how these patterns are associated with the underlying landscape dynamics by comparing ungulate movements across species.
Locations Arctic tundra in Alaska and Canada, temperate forests in Massachusetts, Patagonian Steppes in Argentina, Eastern Steppes in Mongolia.
Methods We used relocation data from four ungulate species (barren-ground caribou, Mongolian gazelle, guanaco and moose) to examine individual movements and the interrelation of movements among individuals. We applied and developed a suite of spatial metrics that measure variation in movement among individuals as population dispersion, movement coordination and realized mobility. Taken together, these metrics allowed us to quantify and distinguish among different large-scale population-level movement patterns such as migration, range residency and nomadism. We then related the population-level movement patterns to the underlying landscape vegetation dynamics via long-term remote sensing measurements of the temporal variability, spatial variability and unpredictability of vegetation productivity.
Results Moose, which remained in sedentary home ranges, and guanacos, which were partially migratory, exhibited relatively short annual movements associated with landscapes having very little broad-scale variability in vegetation. Caribou and gazelle performed extreme long-distance movements that were associated with broad-scale variability in vegetation productivity during the peak of the growing season. Caribou exhibited regular seasonal migration in which individuals were clustered for most of the year and exhibited coordinated movements. In contrast, gazelle were nomadic, as individuals were independently distributed and moved in an uncoordinated manner that relates to the comparatively unpredictable (yet broad-scale) vegetation dynamics of their landscape.
Main conclusions We show how broad-scale landscape unpredictability may lead to nomadism, an understudied type of long-distance movement. In contrast to classical migration where landscapes may vary at broad scales but in a predictable manner, long-distance movements of nomadic individuals are uncoordinated and independent from other such individuals. Landscapes with little broad-scale variability in vegetation productivity feature smaller-scale movements and allow for range residency. Nomadism requires distinct integrative conservation strategies that facilitate long-distance movements across the entire landscape and are not limited to certain migration corridors.
C1 [Mueller, Thomas; Dressler, Gunnar; Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Mueller, Thomas; Leimgruber, Peter; Calabrese, Justin M.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA.
[Olson, Kirk A.; Fuller, Todd K.; Nicolson, Craig] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Novaro, Andres J.] Argentine Res Council, RA-8371 Junin De Los Andes, Neuqen, Argentina.
[Novaro, Andres J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Patagonian & Andean Steppe Program, RA-8371 Junin De Los Andes, Neuqen, Argentina.
[Bolgeri, Maria J.] Argentine Sci Agcy, RA-8371 Junin De Los Andes, Neuqen, Argentina.
[Bolgeri, Maria J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Patagonian & Andean Steppe Program, RA-8371 Junin De Los Andes, Neuqen, Argentina.
[Wattles, David; DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Calabrese, Justin M.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Ecol Modelling, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
RP Mueller, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, BioPsych Bldg,Room 3205, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM muellert@gmail.com
RI Calabrese, Justin/B-9131-2012; Mueller, Thomas/A-1740-2014; Leimgruber,
Peter/O-1304-2015
OI Mueller, Thomas/0000-0001-9305-7716; Leimgruber,
Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153
FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0608224, DEB-0743557, DEB-0743385];
Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife; Massachusetts
Department of Conservation and Recreation; Science Agency of Argentina
[34120]; Wildlife Conservation Society
FX Funding was provided in part by the National Science Foundation
(DEB-0608224, DEB-0743557, DEB-0743385), the Massachusetts Division of
Fisheries and Wildlife and the Massachusetts Department of Conservation
and Recreation, Science Agency of Argentina (PICT grant 34120) and the
Wildlife Conservation Society.
NR 50
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U1 12
U2 122
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1466-822X
J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR
JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 5
BP 683
EP 694
DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00638.x
PG 12
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 805BN
UT WOS:000293701300004
ER
PT J
AU Hall, JS
Franson, JC
Gill, RE
Meteyer, CU
TeSlaa, JL
Nashold, S
Dusek, RJ
Ip, HS
AF Hall, Jeffrey S.
Franson, J. Christian
Gill, Robert E.
Meteyer, Carol U.
TeSlaa, Joshua L.
Nashold, Sean
Dusek, Robert J.
Ip, Hon S.
TI Experimental challenge and pathology of highly pathogenic avian
influenza virus H5N1 in dunlin (Calidris alpina), an intercontinental
migrant shorebird species
SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
LA English
DT Article
DE Dunlin; experimental infection; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus;
pathology; shorebird
ID GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; A VIRUSES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MIGRATORY
BIRDS; NORTH-AMERICA; WILD BIRDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; WATERFOWL; ALASKA;
DUCKS
AB Background Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are considered one of the primary reservoirs of avian influenza. Because these species are highly migratory, there is concern that infected shorebirds may be a mechanism by which highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 could be introduced into North America from Asia. Large numbers of dunlin (Calidris alpina) migrate from wintering areas in central and eastern Asia, where HPAIV H5N1 is endemic, across the Bering Sea to breeding areas in Alaska. Low pathogenic avian influenza virus has been previously detected in dunlin, and thus, dunlin represent a potential risk to transport HPAIV to North America. To date no experimental challenge studies have been performed in shorebirds.
Methods Wild dunlin were inoculated intranasally and intrachoanally various doses of HPAIV H5N1. The birds were monitored daily for virus excretion, disease signs, morbidity, and mortality.
Results The infectious dose of HPAIV H5N1 in dunlin was determined to be 10(1.7) EID(50)/100 mu l and that the lethal dose was 10(1.83) EID(50)/100 mu l. Clinical signs were consistent with neurotropic disease, and histochemical analyses revealed that infection was systemic with viral antigen and RNA most consistently found in brain tissues. Infected birds excreted relatively large amounts of virus orally (10(4) EID(50)) and smaller amounts cloacally.
Conclusions Dunlin are highly susceptible to infection with HPAIV H5N1. They become infected after exposure to relatively small doses of the virus and if they become infected, they are most likely to suffer mortality within 3-5 days. These results have important implications regarding the risks of transport and transmission of HPAIV H5N1 to North America by this species and raises questions for further investigation.
C1 [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Franson, J. Christian; Meteyer, Carol U.; TeSlaa, Joshua L.; Nashold, Sean; Dusek, Robert J.; Ip, Hon S.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Gill, Robert E.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA.
RP Hall, JS (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM jshall@usgs.gov
OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; TeSlaa, Joshua/0000-0001-7802-3454;
Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Nashold, Sean/0000-0002-8869-6633;
Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479
FU USGS
FX The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dan Ruthrauff, Matthew
Sexson, Maksim Dementyev, Ty Donnelly, Dejan Stojanovic, and T. Lee
Tibbitts for their dedicated efforts to capture, house, and transport
these birds under field conditions. Jennifer Brunner helped with animal
care at the USGS NWHC, and we thank Allison Klein and Douglas Berndt for
their efforts trimming the histological samples and the staff of the
Department of Pathology Histology Laboratory, College of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Georgia, for their assistance with the IHC
analyses. Dr. David Swayne at the USDA Southeast Poultry Research
Laboratory generously provided the HPAI virus isolate. Funds for this
study were provided by the USGS. Use of trade or product names does not
imply endorsement by the United States government.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1750-2640
J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP
JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 5
BP 365
EP 372
DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00238.x
PG 8
WC Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA 805RX
UT WOS:000293747800011
PM 21668687
ER
PT J
AU Burton, JA
Hallgren, SW
Fuhlendorf, SD
Leslie, DM
AF Burton, Jesse A.
Hallgren, Stephen W.
Fuhlendorf, Samuel D.
Leslie, David M., Jr.
TI Understory response to varying fire frequencies after 20 years of
prescribed burning in an upland oak forest
SO PLANT ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fire frequency; Foliar cover; Herbaceous plants; Species richness;
Understory diversity
ID PINE-GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; HERBACEOUS
VEGETATION; REGENERATION; ECOSYSTEMS; WOODLANDS; PALUSTRIS; REGIMES;
LITTER
AB Ecosystems in the eastern United States that were shaped by fire over thousands of years of anthropogenic burning recently have been subjected to fire suppression resulting in significant changes in vegetation composition and structure and encroachment by invasive species. Renewed interest in use of fire to manage such ecosystems will require knowledge of effects of fire regime on vegetation. We studied the effects of one aspect of the fire regime, fire frequency, on biomass, cover and diversity of understory vegetation in upland oak forests prescribe-burned for 20 years at different frequencies ranging from zero to five fires per decade. Overstory canopy closure ranged from 88 to 96% and was not affected by fire frequency indicating high tolerance of large trees for even the most frequent burning. Understory species richness and cover was dominated by woody reproduction followed in descending order by forbs, C3 graminoids, C4 grasses, and legumes. Woody plant understory cover did not change with fire frequency and increased 30% from one to three years after a burn. Both forbs and C3 graminoids showed a linear increase in species richness and cover as fire frequency increased. In contrast, C4 grasses and legumes did not show a response to fire frequency. The reduction of litter by fire may have encouraged regeneration of herbaceous plants and helped explain the positive response of forbs and C3 graminoids to increasing fire frequency. Our results showed that herbaceous biomass, cover, and diversity can be managed with long-term prescribed fire under the closed canopy of upland oak forests.
C1 [Hallgren, Stephen W.; Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
[Burton, Jesse A.] Natl Pk Serv, Tupelo, MS 38804 USA.
RP Hallgren, SW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008C Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
EM steve.hallgren@okstate.edu
RI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/A-2931-2011; Hallgren, Stephen/A-2131-2013
OI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/0000-0002-8726-9402;
FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [W-160-R]; Oklahoma State
University; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station
FX We thank Michael W. Palmer for assistance with study design, analyses,
and specimen identification, Mark S. Gregory for help with GIS and GPS
methods and Bruce H. and Louise D. Burton, Ryan D. DeSantis, Ryan J.
Williams, Amber D. Breland, Glen M. Hensley, and Stephen L. Winter for
assistance with field sampling. Funding was provided by the Federal Aid,
Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act under Project W-160-R of the
Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State
University. The project was administered through the Oklahoma
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of
Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, United States
Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife
Management Institute cooperating). The project received partial funding
from the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.
NR 42
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U1 2
U2 46
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-0237
EI 1573-5052
J9 PLANT ECOL
JI Plant Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 212
IS 9
BP 1513
EP 1525
DI 10.1007/s11258-011-9926-y
PG 13
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 800FB
UT WOS:000293344100010
ER
PT J
AU Schoellhamer, DH
AF Schoellhamer, David H.
TI Sudden Clearing of Estuarine Waters upon Crossing the Threshold from
Transport to Supply Regulation of Sediment Transport as an Erodible
Sediment Pool is Depleted: San Francisco Bay, 1999
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Estuary; Sediment; Turbidity; Estuarine sediment transport; Suspended
sediment; Sediment supply; Geomorphology; San Francisco Bay; Bed
sediment; Bottom sediment; Sedimentation; Deposition; Aggradation;
Degradation; Erosion; Resuspension; Erodible sediment pool; Sudden
clearing; Suspended-sediment concentration
ID SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; CALIFORNIA; RIVER; FLUX; PHYTOPLANKTON; TURBIDITY;
PATTERNS; MERCURY; USA; MECHANISMS
AB The quantity of suspended sediment in an estuary is regulated either by transport, where energy or time needed to suspend sediment is limiting, or by supply, where the quantity of erodible sediment is limiting. This paper presents a hypothesis that suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) in estuaries can suddenly decrease when the threshold from transport to supply regulation is crossed as an erodible sediment pool is depleted. This study was motivated by a statistically significant 36% step decrease in SSC in San Francisco Bay from water years 1991-1998 to 1999-2007. A quantitative conceptual model of an estuary with an erodible sediment pool and transport or supply regulation of sediment transport is developed. Model results confirm that, if the regulation threshold was crossed in 1999, SSC would decrease rapidly after water year 1999 as observed. Estuaries with a similar history of a depositional sediment pulse followed by erosion may experience sudden clearing.
C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Schoellhamer, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM dschoell@usgs.gov
FU US Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District
FX I would like to thank those that have helped collect, process, and
publish the continuous SSC data: Rick Adorador, Greg Brewster, Paul
Buchanan, Laurie Campbell, Mike Farber, Amber Forest, Neil Ganju, Tom
Hankins, Megan Lionberger, Allan Mlodnosky, Tara Morgan, Heather Ramil,
Cathy Ruhl, Rob Sheipline, Brad Sullivan, and Jessica Wood. Bruce Jaffe,
Neil Ganju, John Oram, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful
comments on earlier versions of this article. This work was supported by
the US Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District, as part of the
Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco
Estuary.
NR 63
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U1 1
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 5
BP 885
EP 899
DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9382-x
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 798EQ
UT WOS:000293185800001
ER
PT J
AU Drexler, JZ
AF Drexler, Judith Z.
TI Peat Formation Processes Through the Millennia in Tidal Marshes of the
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbon sequestration; Inorganic sedimentation; Organic accumulation;
Peat; Tidal marsh; Vertical accretion
ID FRESH-WATER MARSH; SEA-LEVEL; COASTAL WETLANDS; ACCRETION RATES; CARBON
BALANCE; SALT MARSHES; SEDIMENTATION; ACCUMULATION; CALIBRATION;
PATTERNS
AB The purpose of this study was to determine peat formation processes throughout the millennia in four tidal marshes in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Peat cores collected at each site were analyzed for bulk density, loss on ignition, and percent organic carbon. Core data and spline fit age-depth models were used to estimate inorganic sedimentation, organic accumulation, and carbon sequestration rates in the marshes. Bulk density and percent organic matter content of peat fluctuated through time at all sites, suggesting that peat formation processes are dynamic and responsive to watershed conditions. The balance between inorganic sedimentation and organic accumulation at the sites also varied through time, indicating that marshes may rely more strongly on either inorganic or organic matter for peat formation at particular times in their existence. Mean carbon sequestration rates found in this study (0.38-0.79 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)) were similar to other long-term estimates for temperate peatlands.
C1 US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM jdrexler@usgs.gov
FU California Resources Agency [F-O3-RE-029]
FX This study was funded by the CALFED Science Program of the California
Resources Agency, Agreement #F-O3-RE-029. I am grateful to Jim Orlando,
Jacob Fleck, Matt Kerlin, Curt Battenfeld, Stephanie Wong, Patricia
Orlando, and Nicole Lunning for their help in the field and lab. I also
want to thank Christian de Fontaine for his excellent leadership of the
field and lab components of this research. Thomas Brown was instrumental
in providing expertise and assistance regarding the radiocarbon
analyses. Peat core analyses would not have been possible without the
facilities provided by Greg Pasternack at the University of California,
Davis. Skip Vecchia provided helpful statistical advice. Brian Atwater,
Lisamarie Windham-Myers, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments
that greatly improved the quality of the manuscript.
NR 52
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U1 4
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 5
BP 900
EP 911
DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9393-7
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 798EQ
UT WOS:000293185800002
ER
PT J
AU Sawyer, H
Kauffman, MJ
AF Sawyer, Hall
Kauffman, Matthew J.
TI Stopover ecology of a migratory ungulate
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Brownian bridge movement model; migration routes; movement corridors;
mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; phenology; stopover ecology; ungulate
migration
ID MULE DEER; LARGE HERBIVORES; SERENGETI WILDEBEEST; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO;
HABITAT SELECTION; VEGETATION GROWTH; PLANT PHENOLOGY; BIRD MIGRATION;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOVEMENT
AB 1. Birds that migrate long distances use stopover sites to optimize fuel loads and complete migration as quickly as possible. Stopover use has been predicted to facilitate a time-minimization strategy in land migrants as well, but empirical tests have been lacking, and alternative migration strategies have not been considered.
2. We used fine-scale movement data to evaluate the ecological role of stopovers in migratory mule deer Odocoileus hemionus - a land migrant whose fitness is strongly influenced by energy intake rather than migration speed.
3. Although deer could easily complete migrations (range 18-144 km) in several days, they took an average of 3 weeks and spent 95% of that time in a series of stopover sites that had higher forage quality than movement corridors. Forage quality of stopovers increased with elevation and distance from winter range. Mule deer use of stopovers corresponded with a narrow phenological range, such that deer occupied stopovers 44 days prior to peak green-up, when forage quality was presumed to be highest. Mule deer used one stopover for every 5 3 and 6 7 km travelled during spring and autumn migrations, respectively, and used the same stopovers in consecutive years.
4. Study findings indicate that stopovers play a key role in the migration strategy of mule deer by allowing individuals to migrate in concert with plant phenology and maximize energy intake rather than speed. Our results suggest that stopover use may be more common among non-avian taxa than previously thought and, although the underlying migration strategies of temperate ungulates and birds are quite different, stopover use is important to both.
5. Exploring the role of stopovers in land migrants broadens the scope of stopover ecology and recognizes that the applied and theoretical benefits of stopover ecology need not be limited to avian taxa.
C1 [Sawyer, Hall] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Sawyer, Hall] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA.
RP Sawyer, H (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
EM hsawyer@west-inc.com
FU University of Wyoming's School of Energy Resources; Wildlife Heritage
Foundation of Wyoming; US Geological Survey's Wyoming Landscape
Conservation Initiative; Anadarko Petroleum Company; Bureau of Land
Management; Questar Exploration and Production
FX We thank R. M. Nielson and T. L. McDonald for statistical consultation
and S. Lanning and R. Klaver for image processing. D. Doak, S. Buskirk,
A. Middleton, C. McCarthy and N. Korfanta helped refine earlier drafts
of the manuscript. Further input from T. Coulson, M. Wunder and J.
Fryxell improved the manuscript considerably. This work was supported by
the University of Wyoming's School of Energy Resources, the Wildlife
Heritage Foundation of Wyoming, the US Geological Survey's Wyoming
Landscape Conservation Initiative, and grants provided to Western
Ecosystems Technology, Inc from Anadarko Petroleum Company, the Bureau
of Land Management, and Questar Exploration and Production. Any use of
trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 50
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U1 10
U2 109
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8790
EI 1365-2656
J9 J ANIM ECOL
JI J. Anim. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 80
IS 5
BP 1078
EP 1087
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01845.x
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 798BN
UT WOS:000293176400019
PM 21545586
ER
PT J
AU Cuffney, TF
Kashuba, R
Qian, SS
Alameddine, I
Cha, Y
Lee, B
Coles, JF
McMahon, G
AF Cuffney, Thomas F.
Kashuba, Roxolana
Qian, Song S.
Alameddine, Ibrahim
Cha, YoonKyung
Lee, Boknam
Coles, James F.
McMahon, Gerard
TI Multilevel regression models describing regional patterns of
invertebrate and algal responses to urbanization across the USA
SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Multilevel hierarchical regression; urbanization; benthic
macroinvertebrates; algae; diatoms; agriculture; multiple spatial scales
ID CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS; 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; LAND-USE;
STREAMS; FRAMEWORK; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; LANDSCAPE; ECOSYSTEM;
ECOLOGY
AB Multilevel hierarchical regression was used to examine regional patterns in the responses of benthic macroinvertebrates and algae to urbanization across 9 metropolitan areas of the conterminous USA. Linear regressions established that responses (intercepts and slopes) to urbanization of invertebrates and algae varied among metropolitan areas. Multilevel hierarchical regression models were able to explain these differences on the basis of region-scale predictors. Regional differences in the type of land cover (agriculture or forest) being converted to urban and climatic factors (precipitation and air temperature) accounted for the differences in the response of macroinvertebrates to urbanization based on ordination scores, total richness, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera richness, and average tolerance. Regional differences in climate and antecedent agriculture also accounted for differences in the responses of salt-tolerant diatoms, but differences in the responses of other diatom metrics (% eutraphenic, % sensitive, and % silt tolerant) were best explained by regional differences in soils (mean % clay soils). The effects of urbanization were most readily detected in regions where forest lands were being converted to urban land because agricultural development significantly degraded assemblages before urbanization and made detection of urban effects difficult. The effects of climatic factors (temperature, precipitation) on background conditions (biogeographic differences) and rates of response to urbanization were most apparent after accounting for the effects of agricultural development. The effects of climate and land cover on responses to urbanization provide strong evidence that monitoring, mitigation, and restoration efforts must be tailored for specific regions and that attainment goals (background conditions) may not be possible in regions with high levels of prior disturbance (e.g., agricultural development).
C1 [Cuffney, Thomas F.; McMahon, Gerard] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
[Kashuba, Roxolana; Qian, Song S.; Alameddine, Ibrahim; Cha, YoonKyung; Lee, Boknam] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Coles, James F.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA.
RP Cuffney, TF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
EM tcuffney@usgs.gov; rkashuba@usgs.gov; song@duke.edu; ima4@duke.edu;
yoonkyung.cha@duke.edu; boknam.lee@duke.edu; jcoles@usgs.gov;
gmcmahon@usgs.gov
RI Qian, Song/I-6544-2012;
OI Alameddine, Ibrahim/0000-0002-8974-1985
NR 41
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 37
PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0887-3593
J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC
JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 3
BP 797
EP 819
DI 10.1899/10-140.1
PG 23
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 799TD
UT WOS:000293308100016
ER
PT J
AU Alexander, JD
Kerans, BL
Koel, TM
Rasmussen, C
AF Alexander, Julie D.
Kerans, Billie L.
Koel, Todd M.
Rasmussen, Charlotte
TI Context-specific parasitism in Tubifex tubifex in geothermally
influenced stream reaches in Yellowstone National Park
SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Tubifex tubifex; Myxobolus cerebralis; aquatic oligochaete ecology;
host-parasite relationships; salmonid whirling disease; Yellowstone
National Park; context-specific parasitism
ID MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS INFECTION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SAN-JUAN
RIVER; WHIRLING DISEASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; CAUSATIVE
AGENT; TRIACTINOMYXON PRODUCTION; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; CUTTHROAT TROUT
AB Parasites can regulate host abundance and influence the composition and structure of communities. However, host-parasite interactions might be context-specific if environmental conditions can alter the outcome of parasitism and disease. An understanding of how host-parasite interactions might change in different contexts will be useful for predicting and managing disease against a background of anthropogenic environmental change. We examined the ecology of Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite that causes whirling disease in salmonids, and its obligate host, Tubifex tubifex, in geothermally variable stream reaches in Yellowstone National Park. We identified reaches in 4 categories of geothermal influence, which were characterized by variable substrates, temperatures, specific conductivities, and pH. In each reach, we measured aspects of host ecology (abundance, relative abundance, size, and genotype of T. tubifex), parasite ecology (infection prevalence in T. tubifex and abundance of M. cerebralis-infected T. tubifex), and risk to fish of contracting whirling disease. Tubifex tubifex abundance was high all in reaches characterized by geothermal influence, whereas abundance of M. cerebralis-infected T. tubifex was high only in reaches characterized by intermediate geothermal influence. We suggest that habitat had a contextual effect on parasitism in the oligochaete host. Abundance of infected hosts appeared to depend on host abundance in all reach types except those with high geothermal influence, where abundance of infected hosts depended on environmental factors.
C1 [Alexander, Julie D.; Kerans, Billie L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Koel, Todd M.] Natl Pk Serv, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Sect, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA.
[Rasmussen, Charlotte] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Alexander, JD (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM alexanju@science.oregonstate.edu; bkerans@montana.edu;
todd_koel@nps.gov; crasmussen@usgs.gov
FU National Partnership on Management of Native and Coldwater Fisheries
FX We thank S. Murcia, L. Elwell, C. Fisher, S. McGinnis, A. Hinch, J.
Smith, C. Hendrix, and fisheries technicians and volunteers at the
Yellowstone Center for Resources in Yellowstone National Park (2004) and
2 anonymous referees for comments that greatly improved the manuscript.
Research was funded by a grant to BLK from the National Partnership on
Management of Native and Coldwater Fisheries. The use of trade, firm, or
corporation names in this publication is for the information and
convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official
endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US
Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others
that may be suitable.
NR 83
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 5
U2 17
PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0887-3593
J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC
JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 3
BP 853
EP 867
DI 10.1899/10-043.1
PG 15
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 799TD
UT WOS:000293308100020
ER
PT J
AU Hayes, DJ
McGuire, AD
Kicklighter, DW
Gurney, KR
Burnside, TJ
Melillo, JM
AF Hayes, D. J.
McGuire, A. D.
Kicklighter, D. W.
Gurney, K. R.
Burnside, T. J.
Melillo, J. M.
TI Is the northern high-latitude land-based CO2 sink weakening?
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL THERMAL
DYNAMICS; BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL
BIOSPHERE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PROJECTED CLIMATE; RUSSIAN FORESTS
AB [1] Studies indicate that, historically, terrestrial ecosystems of the northern high-latitude region may have been responsible for up to 60% of the global net land-based sink for atmospheric CO2. However, these regions have recently experienced remarkable modification of the major driving forces of the carbon cycle, including surface air temperature warming that is significantly greater than the global average and associated increases in the frequency and severity of disturbances. Whether Arctic tundra and boreal forest ecosystems will continue to sequester atmospheric CO2 in the face of these dramatic changes is unknown. Here we show the results of model simulations that estimate a 41 Tg C yr(-1) sink in the boreal land regions from 1997 to 2006, which represents a 73% reduction in the strength of the sink estimated for previous decades in the late 20th century. Our results suggest that CO2 uptake by the region in previous decades may not be as strong as previously estimated. The recent decline in sink strength is the combined result of (1) weakening sinks due to warming-induced increases in soil organic matter decomposition and (2) strengthening sources from pyrogenic CO2 emissions as a result of the substantial area of boreal forest burned in wildfires across the region in recent years. Such changes create positive feedbacks to the climate system that accelerate global warming, putting further pressure on emission reductions to achieve atmospheric stabilization targets.
C1 [Hayes, D. J.; Burnside, T. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Gurney, K. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Kicklighter, D. W.; Melillo, J. M.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Gurney, K. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[McGuire, A. D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA.
RP Hayes, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 215 Irving I Bldg,902 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM daniel.hayes@alaska.edu
RI Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012
FU NSF [OPP-0531047, DEB-0423442]; NASA [NNG05GD25G]; Bonanza Creek
Long-Term Ecological Program; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station [PNW01-JV11261952-231]
FX This study was supported through grants provided as part of the Arctic
System Science Program (NSF OPP-0531047), the North American Carbon
Program (NASA NNG05GD25G), and the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological
Program (funded jointly by NSF grant DEB-0423442 and USDA Forest
Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW01-JV11261952-231).
We thank Michael S. Balshi for provision of historical fire data sets
used in this study.
NR 104
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Z9 80
U1 6
U2 77
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD AUG 30
PY 2011
VL 25
AR GB3018
DI 10.1029/2010GB003813
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 816ZG
UT WOS:000294640000001
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, MB
Lafferty, KD
van Oosterhout, C
Cable, J
AF Johnson, Mirelle B.
Lafferty, Kevin D.
van Oosterhout, Cock
Cable, Joanne
TI Parasite Transmission in Social Interacting Hosts: Monogenean Epidemics
in Guppies
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID POECILIA-RETICULATA PISCES; TRINIDADIAN GUPPY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS;
GYRODACTYLID INFECTIONS; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; BEHAVIOR; MODEL;
TURNBULLI; PATHOGEN; FISH
AB Background: Infection incidence increases with the average number of contacts between susceptible and infected individuals. Contact rates are normally assumed to increase linearly with host density. However, social species seek out each other at low density and saturate their contact rates at high densities. Although predicting epidemic behaviour requires knowing how contact rates scale with host density, few empirical studies have investigated the effect of host density. Also, most theory assumes each host has an equal probability of transmitting parasites, even though individual parasite load and infection duration can vary. To our knowledge, the relative importance of characteristics of the primary infected host vs. the susceptible population has never been tested experimentally.
Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we examine epidemics using a common ectoparasite, Gyrodactylus turnbulli infecting its guppy host (Poecilia reticulata). Hosts were maintained at different densities (3, 6, 12 and 24 fish in 40 L aquaria), and we monitored gyrodactylids both at a population and individual host level. Although parasite population size increased with host density, the probability of an epidemic did not. Epidemics were more likely when the primary infected fish had a high mean intensity and duration of infection. Epidemics only occurred if the primary infected host experienced more than 23 worm days. Female guppies contracted infections sooner than males, probably because females have a higher propensity for shoaling.
Conclusions/Significance: These findings suggest that in social hosts like guppies, the frequency of social contact largely governs disease epidemics independent of host density.
C1 [Johnson, Mirelle B.; Cable, Joanne] Cardiff Univ, Sch Biosci, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
[Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[van Oosterhout, Cock] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
RP Johnson, MB (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Biosci, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
EM cablej@cardiff.ac.uk
RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Cable, Joanne/A-4360-2010;
OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Cable, Joanne/0000-0002-8510-7055;
van Oosterhout, Cock/0000-0002-5653-738X
FU European Community [MTKD-CT-2005-030018]
FX This work was supported by a European Community Framework Programme 6
Marie Curie Host Fellowship for transfer of knowledge
(MTKD-CT-2005-030018). The funders had no role in study design, data
collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
NR 42
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Z9 13
U1 2
U2 50
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD AUG 29
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 8
AR e22634
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022634
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 817MF
UT WOS:000294676900001
PM 21897838
ER
PT J
AU Thompson, TM
Batts, WN
Faisal, M
Bowser, P
Casey, JW
Phillips, K
Garver, KA
Winton, J
Kurath, G
AF Thompson, Tarin M.
Batts, William N.
Faisal, Mohamed
Bowser, Paul
Casey, James W.
Phillips, Kenneth
Garver, Kyle A.
Winton, James
Kurath, Gael
TI Emergence of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American
Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Emerging infectious diseases; Fish disease; Fish rhabdovirus;
Genotyping; Molecular epidemiology; Phylogenetic analysis; Viral
haemorrhagic septicaemia virus; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus; VHSV
ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; VHSV; USA; SUBLINEAGE;
EVOLUTION; ONTARIO; CANADA
AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a fish rhabdovirus that causes disease in a broad range of marine and freshwater hosts. The known geographic range includes the Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and recently it has invaded the Great Lakes region of North America. The goal of this work was to characterize genetic diversity of Great Lakes VHSV isolates at the early stage of this viral emergence by comparing a partial glycoprotein (G) gene sequence (669 nt) of 108 isolates collected from 2003 to 2009 from 31 species and at 37 sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates fell into sub-lineage IVb within the major VHSV genetic group IV. Among these 108 isolates, genetic diversity was low, with a maximum of 1.05% within the 669 nt region. There were 11 unique sequences, designated vcG001 to vcG011. Two dominant sequence types, vcG001 and vcG002, accounted for 90% (97 of 108) of the isolates. The vcG001 isolates were most widespread. We saw no apparent association of sequence type with host or year of isolation, but we did note a spatial pattern, in which vcG002 isolates were more prevalent in the easternmost sub-regions, including inland New York state and the St. Lawrence Seaway. Different sequence types were found among isolates from single disease outbreaks, and mixtures of types were evident within 2 isolates from individual fish. Overall, the genetic diversity of VHSV in the Great Lakes region was found to be extremely low, consistent with an introduction of a new virus into a geographic region with previously naive host populations.
C1 [Thompson, Tarin M.; Batts, William N.; Winton, James; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Faisal, Mohamed] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Bowser, Paul; Casey, James W.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Phillips, Kenneth] USFWS, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA.
[Garver, Kyle A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
RP Kurath, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM gkurath@usgs.gov
FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust [08WRGR0006]; US Department of Agriculture
(USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service
[2007-38610-18387]
FX The authors thank all field researchers who collected fish tissue for
analysis, laboratory staff who isolated the viruses, and the many
participants who contributed their time and effort to providing
background information associated with each virus isolate. We also thank
Dr. K. Einer-Jensen for assistance with selection of appropriate
representatives of European genotypes, and Dr. R. B. Life for assistance
with the phylogenetic analyses. This work was supported by the Great
Lakes Fisheries Trust (Grant #08WRGR0006) and the US Department of
Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension
Service (Award #2007-38610-18387). Any use of trade names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
Government.
NR 37
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 16
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD AUG 29
PY 2011
VL 96
IS 1
BP 29
EP 43
DI 10.3354/dao02362
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 814GC
UT WOS:000294435100004
PM 21991663
ER
PT J
AU Bargar, JR
Campbell, KM
Stubbs, JE
Suvorova, E
Williams, K
Lezama-Pacheco, JS
Blue, LY
Cerrato, J
Bernier-Latmani, R
Giammar, DE
Long, PE
AF Bargar, John R.
Campbell, Kate M.
Stubbs, Joanne E.
Suvorova, Elena
Williams, Ken
Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S.
Blue, Lisa Y.
Cerrato, Jose
Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan
Giammar, Daniel E.
Long, Philip E.
TI Speciation and dynamics of biologically reduced uranium(IV) in the Old
Rifle aquifer
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Bargar, John R.; Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Stubbs, Joanne E.] Univ Chicago, CARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Campbell, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Suvorova, Elena; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Williams, Ken] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Blue, Lisa Y.; Cerrato, Jose; Giammar, Daniel E.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Long, Philip E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM bargar@slac.stanford.edu
RI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011; Stubbs, Joanne/F-9710-2013;
Suvorova, Elena/I-5582-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Long,
Philip/F-5728-2013
OI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X; Stubbs,
Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Long,
Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 19-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303440
ER
PT J
AU Booth, CJ
Johnson, CJ
Pedersen, JA
AF Booth, Clarissa J.
Johnson, Christopher J.
Pedersen, Joel A.
TI Proteolytic enzymes isolated from thermophilic compost rapidly degrade
pathogenic prion protein
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Booth, Clarissa J.; Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Technol Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
[Johnson, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Prion Res Lab, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM cjbooth@wisc.edu
RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009
OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 339-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302626
ER
PT J
AU Chapin, T
Todd, A
AF Chapin, Thomas
Todd, Andrew
TI MiniSipper: A new high-capacity, long-duration, automated in situ water
sampler for fire science monitoring
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Chapin, Thomas; Todd, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM tchapin@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 173-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302448
ER
PT J
AU Craven, AM
Ryan, JN
Aiken, GR
AF Craven, Alison M.
Ryan, Joseph N.
Aiken, George R.
TI Effect of dissolved organic matter on the release of trace elements from
coal ash
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Craven, Alison M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM alison.craven@colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 6-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302787
ER
PT J
AU Delach, DL
Lee, CM
Walters, DM
Dang, VD
AF Delach, Diana L.
Lee, Cindy M.
Walters, David M.
Dang, Viet D.
TI Chiral signatures of subsidiary PCBs in spiders along an exposure
gradient
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Delach, Diana L.; Lee, Cindy M.] Clemson Univ, Environm Toxicol Program, Anderson, SC 29625 USA.
[Lee, Cindy M.; Dang, Viet D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Anderson, SC 29625 USA.
[Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM ddelach@clemson.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 210-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302489
ER
PT J
AU Delzer, G
Valder, J
AF Delzer, Gregory
Valder, Joshua
TI Pesticides and pesticide degradates in source and finished water of
community water systems supplied by rivers
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Delzer, Gregory; Valder, Joshua] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment, Rapid City, SD USA.
EM gcdelzer@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 100-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300208
ER
PT J
AU Foreman, WT
ReVello, RC
Gray, JL
AF Foreman, William T.
ReVello, Rhiannon C.
Gray, James L.
TI Deuterium exchange complicates isotope dilution methods for steroid
hormones
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Foreman, William T.; ReVello, Rhiannon C.; Gray, James L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM wforeman@usgs.gov
RI Gray, James/I-8136-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 200-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302478
ER
PT J
AU Gallegos, TJ
Budahn, JR
AF Gallegos, Tanya J.
Budahn, James R.
TI Geochemical and isotopic signatures of a historic Cu-U heap-leach pile,
Fry Canyon, UT
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Gallegos, Tanya J.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Budahn, James R.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM tgallegos@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 15-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303436
ER
PT J
AU Golden, NH
Noguchi, G
AF Golden, Nancy H.
Noguchi, George
TI Consideration of nontraditional endpoints in the assessment of
ecological risk under the Endangered Species Act
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Golden, Nancy H.; Noguchi, George] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Program, Arlington, VA 22206 USA.
EM Nancy_Golden@fws.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 241-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300359
ER
PT J
AU Hladik, ML
Smalling, KL
Kuivila, KM
AF Hladik, Michelle L.
Smalling, Kelly L.
Kuivila, Kathryn M.
TI Importance of sediment analysis in monitoring current-use pesticides in
streams
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.; Smalling, Kelly L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA.
EM mhladik@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 96-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300449
ER
PT J
AU Holloway, JM
Stricker, CA
Plumlee, GS
Hoefen, TM
AF Holloway, Joann M.
Stricker, Craig A.
Plumlee, Geoffrey S.
Hoefen, Todd M.
TI Effect of fire on soil carbon and nitrogen
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Holloway, Joann M.; Stricker, Craig A.; Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Hoefen, Todd M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jholloway@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 344-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302632
ER
PT J
AU Kharaka, YK
Campbell, PL
Thordsen, JJ
Thomas, B
Cole, DR
AF Kharaka, Yousif K.
Campbell, Pamela L.
Thordsen, James J.
Thomas, Burt
Cole, David R.
TI Environmental impacts of the geologic sequestration of CO2: Potential
impacts from mobilized organic species
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Kharaka, Yousif K.; Campbell, Pamela L.; Thordsen, James J.; Thomas, Burt] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Cole, David R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM ykharaka@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 90-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303515
ER
PT J
AU Murphy, SF
Writer, JH
AF Murphy, Sheila F.
Writer, Jeffrey H.
TI Spatial and temporal variations in stream chemistry after wildfire
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Murphy, Sheila F.; Writer, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM sfmurphy@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 169-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302443
ER
PT J
AU Pedersen, JA
Kumar, K
Booth, CJ
Johnson, CJ
AF Pedersen, Joel A.
Kumar, Kartik
Booth, Clarissa J.
Johnson, Christopher J.
TI Inactivation of pathogenic prion protein is modulated by attachment to
montmorillonite
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Kumar, Kartik; Booth, Clarissa J.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Technol Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
[Johnson, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Prion Res Lab, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM joelpedersen@wisc.edu
RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009
OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 44-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302726
ER
PT J
AU Plumlee, GS
Hoefen, TM
Morman, SA
Hageman, PL
Holloway, JM
Martin, DA
Kokaly, RA
Wolf, RE
Lowers, HA
Swayze, GA
Benzel, WM
Meeker, GP
Stricker, CA
AF Plumlee, Geoffrey S.
Hoefen, Todd M.
Morman, Suzette A.
Hageman, Phillip L.
Holloway, Joann M.
Martin, Deborah A.
Kokaly, Raymond A.
Wolf, Ruth E.
Lowers, Heather A.
Swayze, Gregg A.
Benzel, William M.
Meeker, Gregory P.
Stricker, Craig A.
TI Environmental and health hazards characterization of airfall ash,
residual ash, and soils from areas burned by fifteen 2007-2010
California and Colorado wildfires at the wildland-urban interface
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Hoefen, Todd M.; Morman, Suzette A.; Hageman, Phillip L.; Holloway, Joann M.; Kokaly, Raymond A.; Wolf, Ruth E.; Lowers, Heather A.; Swayze, Gregg A.; Benzel, William M.; Meeker, Gregory P.; Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM gplumlee@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 168-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302442
ER
PT J
AU Racke, KD
Bowman, LG
Carnes, C
AF Racke, Kenneth D.
Bowman, Lori G.
Carnes, Cathy
TI Cranberry insect pest management and Karner Blue butterfly protection: A
Wisconsin case study
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Racke, Kenneth D.] Dow AgroSci, Regulatory Sci & Govt Affairs, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA.
[Bowman, Lori G.] Wisconsin Dept Agr Trade & Consumer Protect, Madison, WI 53708 USA.
[Carnes, Cathy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Wisconsin Field Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA.
EM kracke@dow.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 176-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300288
ER
PT J
AU Reddy, MM
AF Reddy, Michael M.
TI Calcite growth rate inhibition by fulvic acid and magnesium ion at 25 C,
pH=8.5, and calcite supersaturation (IAP/K-sp)=4.5: Potential reduction
of calcite formation rate in marine calcifying organisms
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Reddy, Michael M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Water Miss Area, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM mmreddy@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 144-COLL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378301555
ER
PT J
AU Rockne, K
Granberg, K
Thai, T
Miller, J
Willoughby, T
AF Rockne, Karl
Granberg, Kelly
Le Thai
Miller, Jennifer
Willoughby, Timothy
TI Receptor modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a contaminated harbor airshed
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Rockne, Karl; Granberg, Kelly] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Chicago, IL 60546 USA.
[Le Thai; Miller, Jennifer] US Army Corps Engineers, Chicago, IL 60606 USA.
[Willoughby, Timothy] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA.
EM krockne@uic.edu; kgranb3@uic.edu
RI Rockne, Karl/C-1281-2008
OI Rockne, Karl/0000-0002-4976-4955
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 436-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302722
ER
PT J
AU Rostad, CE
Rutherford, DW
Wershaw, RL
AF Rostad, Colleen E.
Rutherford, David W.
Wershaw, Robert L.
TI Investigation of dissolved organic carbon from water extracts of
biochars by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.; Rutherford, David W.; Wershaw, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM cerostad@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 92-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302818
ER
PT J
AU Rostad, CE
Murphy, SF
Writer, JH
AF Rostad, Colleen E.
Murphy, Sheila F.
Writer, Jeffrey H.
TI Investigation of organic components in a wildfire-applied flame
retardant by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Murphy, Sheila F.; Writer, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM cerostad@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 171-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302446
ER
PT J
AU Rutherford, DW
Rostad, CE
Wershaw, RL
Calderon, FJ
AF Rutherford, David W.
Rostad, Colleen E.
Wershaw, Robert L.
Calderon, Francisco J.
TI Biochar reference materials
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Rutherford, David W.; Rostad, Colleen E.; Wershaw, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Calderon, Francisco J.] ARS, USDA, Akron, CO 80720 USA.
EM dwruther@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 316-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302604
ER
PT J
AU Rutherford, DW
Rostad, CE
Lohman, S
Hale, B
Wershaw, R
AF Rutherford, David W.
Rostad, Colleen E.
Lohman, Stephen
Hale, Bruce
Wershaw, Robert
TI Effects of wildfire on total and dissolved organic carbon that influence
water treatment
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Rutherford, David W.; Rostad, Colleen E.; Wershaw, Robert] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Lohman, Stephen; Hale, Bruce] Denver Water Dept, Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80204 USA.
EM dwruther@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 172-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302447
ER
PT J
AU Sive, BC
White, ML
Russo, RS
Haase, KB
Zhou, Y
Ambrose, JL
Butland, L
Mentis, EK
Mao, HT
Talbot, R
AF Sive, Barkley C.
White, Marguerite L.
Russo, Rachel S.
Haase, Karl B.
Zhou, Yong
Ambrose, Jesse L.
Butland, Leanna
Mentis, Elizabeth K.
Mao, Huiting
Talbot, Robert
TI Spatial and temporal distributions of volatile organic compounds in New
England: Key insight on secondary organic aerosol precursors
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Sive, Barkley C.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA.
[Sive, Barkley C.; White, Marguerite L.; Russo, Rachel S.; Haase, Karl B.; Zhou, Yong; Ambrose, Jesse L.; Butland, Leanna; Mentis, Elizabeth K.; Mao, Huiting; Talbot, Robert] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Haase, Karl B.] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Mao, Huiting] SUNY ESF, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
[Talbot, Robert] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Ambrose, Jesse L.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA.
EM bcs@ccrc.sr.unh.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 337-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306118
ER
PT J
AU Smith, SM
Smith, DB
AF Smith, Steven M.
Smith, David B.
TI USGS National Geochemical Database: Recovering, repackaging, and
repurposing 50+ years of historical data
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Smith, Steven M.; Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM smsmith@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 2-CINF
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378301475
ER
PT J
AU Sobron, P
Alpers, CN
AF Sobron, Pablo
Alpers, Charles N.
TI Characterization of the geochemistry on Mars using LIBS and Raman
spectroscopy: Implications for habitability
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Sobron, Pablo] Canadian Space Agcy, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
[Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA.
EM psobron@gmail.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 45CASW
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300876
ER
PT J
AU Spaulding, SA
Otu, M
Baron, J
Wolfe, AP
AF Spaulding, Sarah A.
Otu, Megan
Baron, Jill
Wolfe, Alexander P.
TI Response of sensitive freshwater ecosystems to reactive nitrogen
deposition in western North America
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Spaulding, Sarah A.; Baron, Jill] USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Spaulding, Sarah A.; Otu, Megan] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Wolfe, Alexander P.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada.
EM Sarah.Spaulding@Colorado.EDU
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 26-CASW
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300855
ER
PT J
AU Stone, W
Gilliom, R
AF Stone, Wesley
Gilliom, Robert
TI Watershed regressions for pesticides (WARP) for predicting atrazine
concentrations in corn belt streams
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Stone, Wesley; Gilliom, Robert] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA.
EM wwstone@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 92-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300445
ER
PT J
AU Thorn, KA
Cox, LG
AF Thorn, Kevin A.
Cox, Larry G.
TI Ultraviolet irradiation effects incorporation of nitrate and nitrite
nitrogen into aquatic natural organic matter
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Thorn, Kevin A.; Cox, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Water Discipline, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM kathorn@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 68-IEC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303625
ER
PT J
AU Thorn, KA
AF Thorn, Kevin A.
TI N-15 NMR studies on the reaction of aromatic amines with soil organic
matter to form bound residues
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Thorn, Kevin A.] US Geol Survey, Water Discipline, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM kathorn@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 4-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300389
ER
PT J
AU Vecchia, A
Ryberg, K
AF Vecchia, Aldo
Ryberg, Karen
TI Time series model for estimating pesticide exceedance probabilities for
streams
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Vecchia, Aldo; Ryberg, Karen] US Geol Survey, N Dakota Water Sci Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA.
EM avecchia@usgs.gov
RI Ryberg, Karen/E-1871-2016
OI Ryberg, Karen/0000-0002-9834-2046
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 119-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300227
ER
PT J
AU Webster, JP
Kamark, BL
Ottenfeldt, CF
Ryan, JN
Aiken, GR
Nagy, KL
Nano, G
Manceau, A
AF Webster, Jackson P.
Kamark, Benjamin L.
Ottenfeldt, Chelsea F.
Ryan, Joseph N.
Aiken, George R.
Nagy, Kathryn L.
Nano, Genevieve
Manceau, Alain
TI Changes in soil-mercury binding capacities in forested watersheds
following natural and prescribed wildfire
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Webster, Jackson P.; Kamark, Benjamin L.; Ottenfeldt, Chelsea F.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Nagy, Kathryn L.; Nano, Genevieve] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Manceau, Alain] Univ Grenoble 1, ISTerre Maison Geosci, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
EM jackson.webster@colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 345-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302633
ER
PT J
AU Wershaw, RL
Rutherford, DW
Rostad, CE
Saad, NMR
AF Wershaw, Robert L.
Rutherford, David W.
Rostad, Colleen E.
Saad, Nabil M. R.
TI Carbon isotopic fractionation as a function of charring temperature
during the production of biochar
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Wershaw, Robert L.; Rutherford, David W.; Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Saad, Nabil M. R.] Picarro Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA.
EM cerostad@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 317-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302605
ER
PT J
AU Wershaw, RL
Rutherford, DW
Rostad, CE
AF Wershaw, Robert L.
Rutherford, David W.
Rostad, Colleen E.
TI Modeling the physical and chemical interactions of natural organic
matter in soils: General principles
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Wershaw, Robert L.; Rutherford, David W.; Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rwershaw@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 318-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302606
ER
PT J
AU Writer, JH
Ryan, JN
Keefe, SK
Barber, LB
AF Writer, Jeffrey H.
Ryan, Joseph N.
Keefe, Steffanie K.
Barber, Larry B.
TI Fate of 17b-estradiol and 4-nonylphenol in the Redwood River of
Minnesota
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80304 USA.
[Writer, Jeffrey H.; Keefe, Steffanie K.; Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80304 USA.
EM writer@colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 73-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302799
ER
PT J
AU Writer, JH
Murphy, SF
AF Writer, Jeffrey H.
Murphy, Sheila F.
TI Carbon and nitrogen export from a burned watershed and impacts on stream
ecology
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Murphy, Sheila F.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA.
EM writer@colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 170-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302445
ER
PT J
AU Schroth, AW
Crusius, J
Chever, F
Bostick, BC
Rouxel, OJ
AF Schroth, Andrew W.
Crusius, John
Chever, Fanny
Bostick, Benjamin C.
Rouxel, Olivier J.
TI Glacial influence on the geochemistry of riverine iron fluxes to the
Gulf of Alaska and effects of deglaciation
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-LEVEL; FRACTIONATION; WATER; SPECIATION; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; MATTER;
OCEAN; FE
AB Riverine iron (Fe) derived from glacial weathering is a critical micronutrient source to ecosystems of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA). Here we demonstrate that the source and chemical nature of riverine Fe input to the GoA could change dramatically due to the widespread watershed deglaciation that is underway. We examine Fe size partitioning, speciation, and isotopic composition in tributaries of the Copper River which exemplify a long-term GoA watershed evolution from one strongly influenced by glacial weathering to a boreal-forested watershed. Iron fluxes from glacierized tributaries bear high suspended sediment and colloidal Fe loads of mixed valence silicate species, with low concentrations of dissolved Fe and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Iron isotopic composition is indicative of mechanical weathering as the Fe source. Conversely, Fe fluxes from boreal-forested systems have higher dissolved Fe concentrations corresponding to higher DOC concentrations. Iron colloids and suspended sediment consist of Fe (hydr)oxides and organic complexes. These watersheds have an iron isotopic composition indicative of an internal chemical processing source. We predict that as the GoA watershed evolves due to deglaciation, so will the source, flux, and chemical nature of riverine Fe loads, which could have significant ramifications for Alaskan marine and freshwater ecosystems. Citation: Schroth, A. W., J. Crusius, F. Chever, B. C. Bostick, and O. J. Rouxel (2011), Glacial influence on the geochemistry of riverine iron fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and effects of deglaciation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16605, doi:10.1029/2011GL048367.
C1 [Schroth, Andrew W.; Crusius, John] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Rouxel, Olivier J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Bostick, Benjamin C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Chever, Fanny; Rouxel, Olivier J.] Univ Brest, European Inst Marine Studies, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
[Rouxel, Olivier J.] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Plouzane, France.
[Crusius, John] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Schroth, AW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM aschroth@usgs.gov
RI Rouxel, Olivier/F-3954-2014
FU USGS CMGP; NCCWSC; Mendenhall Postdoctoral Program
FX We appreciate support from the USGS CMGP, NCCWSC, and the Mendenhall
Postdoctoral Program. We thank D. Eberl (USGS Boulder) for XRD analyses,
A. Shiller for valuable insight, and I. Hoyer for GIS work. We thank J.
Bargar and J. Rogers at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, run
by Stanford University on behalf of the DOE office of Basic Sciences.
Reviews by E. Sholkovitz, J. Pohlman and two anonymous reviewers
improved the paper.
NR 35
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 60
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 25
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L16605
DI 10.1029/2011GL048367
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 813LM
UT WOS:000294368100002
ER
PT J
AU Fletcher, JB
McGarr, A
AF Fletcher, J. B.
McGarr, A.
TI Moments, magnitudes, and radiated energies of non-volcanic tremor near
Cholame, CA, from ground motion spectra at UPSAR
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-ANDREAS-FAULT; HEAT-FLOW; EARTHQUAKES; BENEATH; STRESS; CALIFORNIA;
PARKFIELD; LIMITS
AB By averaging the spectra of events within two episodes of tremor (on Jan. 21 and 24, 2005) across the 12 stations of UPSAR, we improved the S/N sufficiently to define source spectra. Analysis of eleven impulsive events revealed attenuation-corrected spectra of displacement similar to those of earthquakes, with a low-frequency plateau, a corner frequency, and a high frequency decay proportional to f(-2). Seismic moments, M-0, estimated from these spectra range from about 3 to 10 x 10(11) N-m or moment magnitudes in the range 1.6 to 1.9. The corner frequencies range from 2.6 to 7.2 Hz and, if interpreted in the same way as for earthquakes, indicate low stress drops that vary from 0.001 to 0.04 MPa. Seismic energies, estimated from the ground motion spectra, vary from 0.2 x 10(5) to 4.4 x 10(5) J, or apparent stresses in the range 0.002 to 0.02 MPa. The low stress parameters are consistent with a weak fault zone in the lower crust at the depth of tremor. In contrast, the same analysis on a micro-earthquake, located near Cholame (depth = 10.3 km), revealed a stress drop of 0.5 MPa and an apparent stress of 0.02 MPa. Residual spectra from omega(-2) model fits to the displacement spectra of the non-volcanic tremor events show peaks near 4 Hz that are not apparent in the spectra for the microearthquake nor for the spectrum of earth noise. These spectral peaks may indicate that tremor entails more than shear failure reminiscent of mechanisms, possibly entailing fluid flow, associated with volcanic tremor or deep volcanic earthquakes. Citation: Fletcher, J. B., and A. McGarr (2011), Moments, magnitudes, and radiated energies of non-volcanic tremor near Cholame, CA, from ground motion spectra at UPSAR, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16314, doi:10.1029/2011GL048636.
C1 [Fletcher, J. B.; McGarr, A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Fletcher, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jfletcher@usgs.gov
NR 25
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 24
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L16314
DI 10.1029/2011GL048636
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 813LJ
UT WOS:000294367800010
ER
PT J
AU Thelen, W
Malone, S
West, M
AF Thelen, Weston
Malone, Steve
West, Michael
TI Multiplets: Their behavior and utility at dacitic and andesitic volcanic
centers
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; SOUFRIERE-HILLS-VOLCANO; RELATIVE RELOCATION;
BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO; DOME ERUPTIONS; UNZEN VOLCANO; EARTHQUAKES;
MICROEARTHQUAKES; MONTSERRAT; SWARMS
AB Multiplets, or groups of earthquakes with similar waveforms, are commonly observed at volcanoes, particularly those exhibiting unrest. Using triggered seismic data from the 1980-1986 Mount St. Helens (MSH) eruption, we have constructed a catalog of multiplet occurrence. Our analysis reveals that the occurrence of multiplets is related, at least in part, to the viscosity of the magma. We also constructed catalogs of multiplet occurrence using continuous seismic data from the 2004 eruption at MSH and 2007 eruption at Bezymianny Volcano, Russia. Prior to explosions at MSH in 2004 and Bezymianny in 2007, the multiplet proportion of total seismicity (MPTS) declined, while the average amplitudes and standard deviations of the average amplitude increased. The life spans of multiplets (time between the first and last event) were also shorter prior to explosions than during passive lava extrusion. Dome-forming eruptions that include a partially solidified plug, like MSH (1983-1986 and 2004-2008), often possess multiplets with longer life spans and MPTS values exceeding 50%. Conceptually, the relatively unstable environment prior to explosions is characterized by large and variable stress gradients brought about by rapidly changing overpressures within the conduit. We infer that such complex stress fields affect the number of concurrent families, MPTS, average amplitude, and standard deviation of the amplitude of the multiplets. We also argue that multiplet detection may be an important new monitoring tool for determining the timing of explosions and in forecasting the type of eruption.
C1 [Thelen, Weston; Malone, Steve] Univ Washington, Pacific NW Seism Network, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[West, Michael] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Thelen, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
EM wthelen@usgs.gov; steve@ess.washington.edu; west@gi.alaska.edu
NR 51
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD AUG 23
PY 2011
VL 116
AR B08210
DI 10.1029/2010JB007924
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 813JP
UT WOS:000294363000003
ER
PT J
AU Wenger, SJ
Isaak, DJ
Luce, CH
Neville, HM
Fausch, KD
Dunham, JB
Dauwalter, DC
Young, MK
Elsner, MM
Rieman, BE
Hamlet, AF
Williams, JE
AF Wenger, Seth J.
Isaak, Daniel J.
Luce, Charles H.
Neville, Helen M.
Fausch, Kurt D.
Dunham, Jason B.
Dauwalter, Daniel C.
Young, Michael K.
Elsner, Marketa M.
Rieman, Bruce E.
Hamlet, Alan F.
Williams, Jack E.
TI Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential
declines of trout species under climate change
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE global change; hydrology; invasive species; niche model; distribution
modeling
ID BROOK TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; STREAM TEMPERATURES; DISTRIBUTION
MODELS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; SALMO-TRUTTA; BULL
TROUT; DISTRIBUTIONS
AB Broad-scale studies of climate change effects on freshwater species have focused mainly on temperature, ignoring critical drivers such as flow regime and biotic interactions. We use downscaled outputs from general circulation models coupled with a hydrologic model to forecast the effects of altered flows and increased temperatures on four interacting species of trout across the interior western United States (1.01 million km(2)), based on empirical statistical models built from fish surveys at 9,890 sites. Projections under the 2080s A1B emissions scenario forecast a mean 47% decline in total suitable habitat for all trout, a group of fishes of major socioeconomic and ecological significance. We project that native cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii, already excluded from much of its potential range by nonnative species, will lose a further 58% of habitat due to an increase in temperatures beyond the species' physiological optima and continued negative biotic interactions. Habitat for nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta is predicted to decline by 77% and 48%, respectively, driven by increases in temperature and winter flood frequency caused by warmer, rainier winters. Habitat for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is projected to decline the least (35%) because negative temperature effects are partly offset by flow regime shifts that benefit the species. These results illustrate how drivers other than temperature influence species response to climate change. Despite some uncertainty, large declines in trout habitat are likely, but our findings point to opportunities for strategic targeting of mitigation efforts to appropriate stressors and locations.
C1 [Wenger, Seth J.; Neville, Helen M.; Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
[Isaak, Daniel J.; Luce, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
[Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
[Elsner, Marketa M.; Hamlet, Alan F.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA.
[Williams, Jack E.] Trout Unltd, Medford, OR 97501 USA.
RP Wenger, SJ (reprint author), Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
EM swenger@tu.org
RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011; Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Fausch,
Kurt/A-8849-2010
OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662;
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Keystone Initiative for
Freshwater Fishes [2008-0087-000]; US Geological Survey [G09AC00050]; US
Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS)
FX The fish data used in this study were compiled from multiple sources,
including a previous database of sites in the range of westslope
cutthroat trout (48), which included data from the Idaho Fish and Game's
General Parr Monitoring database and other sources. Additional data were
provided by Bart Gammett, James Capurso, Mark Novak, Steven Kujala,
Daniel Abeyta, and Paul Cowley; Joseph Benjamin; Hilda Sexauer; Kevin
Meyer; Brad Shepard; Dona Horan; and Harry Vermillion. David Nagel,
Sharon Parkes, and Gwynne Chandler helped to develop the dataset and GIS
layers. Expert advice over the course of the study was provided by Russ
Thurow, John Buffington, and Jim McKean. This manuscript was
substantially improved by comments from Robert Al-Chokhachy, Dana
Warren, two anonymous reviewers and the editor. This work was funded by
Grant 2008-0087-000 of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's
Keystone Initiative for Freshwater Fishes, US Geological Survey Grant
G09AC00050, and a contract from the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain
Research Station (RMRS).
NR 48
TC 167
Z9 169
U1 19
U2 192
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD AUG 23
PY 2011
VL 108
IS 34
BP 14175
EP 14180
DI 10.1073/pnas.1103097108
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 810XO
UT WOS:000294163500063
PM 21844354
ER
PT J
AU Beard, TD
Arlinghaus, R
Cooke, SJ
McIntyre, PB
De Silva, S
Bartley, D
Cowx, IG
AF Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.
Arlinghaus, Robert
Cooke, Steven J.
McIntyre, Peter B.
De Silva, Sena
Bartley, Devin
Cowx, Ian G.
TI Ecosystem approach to inland fisheries: research needs and
implementation strategies
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE inland fisheries; ecosystem approach; research agenda
ID CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; WATERS
AB Inland fisheries are a vital component in the livelihoods and food security of people throughout the world, as well as contributing huge recreational and economic benefits. These valuable assets are jeopardized by lack of research-based understanding of the impacts of fisheries on inland ecosystems, and similarly the impact of human activities associated with inland waters on fisheries and aquatic biodiversity. To explore this topic, an international workshop was organized in order to examine strategies to incorporate fisheries into ecosystem approaches for management of inland waters. To achieve this goal, a new research agenda is needed that focuses on: quantifying the ecosystem services provided by fresh waters; quantifying the economic, social and nutritional benefits of inland fisheries; improving assessments designed to evaluate fisheries exploitation potential; and examining feedbacks between fisheries, ecosystem productivity and aquatic biodiversity. Accomplishing these objectives will require merging natural and social science approaches to address coupled social-ecological system dynamics.
C1 [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Arlinghaus, Robert] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
[Arlinghaus, Robert] Humboldt Univ, Inland Fisheries Management Lab, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.
[Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
[McIntyre, Peter B.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[De Silva, Sena] Network Aquaculture Ctr Asia Pacific, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.
[Bartley, Devin] Food & Agr Org United Nat, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
[Cowx, Ian G.] Univ Hull, Hull Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England.
RP Beard, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM dbeard@usgs.gov
RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010
OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659
NR 11
TC 38
Z9 41
U1 2
U2 33
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD AUG 23
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 4
BP 481
EP 483
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0046
PG 3
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 791CM
UT WOS:000292639100001
PM 21325307
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, AD
Fergason, RL
AF Rogers, A. Deanne
Fergason, Robin L.
TI Regional-scale stratigraphy of surface units in Tyrrhena and Iapygia
Terrae, Mars: Insights into highland crustal evolution and alteration
history
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; LASER ALTIMETER; PARTICLE-SIZE; CRATER;
SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALS; TES; DISSOLUTION; INSTRUMENT; REGOLITH
AB The compositional, thermophysical and geologic characteristics of surface units in Iapygia and Tyrrhena Terra (60 degrees E-100 degrees E, 0 degrees-30 degrees S) provide new insights into the compositional stratigraphy of the region. Intercrater plains are dominated by two surface units. The older unit (unit 1) is deficient in olivine and more degraded and likely consists of a mixture of impact, volcanic and sedimentary materials. The younger unit (unit 2) is enriched in olivine, exhibits a resistant morphology and higher thermal inertia, and likely represents volcanic infilling of plains. Units 1 and 2 bear a strong resemblance to those previously mapped in Mare Serpentis, a section of highlands crust located northwest of Hellas Basin. Thus, the two major intercrater plains units are even more widespread than previously thought and therefore likely constitute important components of Mars' highland stratigraphy. Many craters in the region contain high thermal inertia deposits (unit 3) that are compositionally identical to unit 2. These may have formed via volcanic infilling or may represent sedimentary materials that have been eroded from crater walls and lithified. Less common units include olivine and/or pyroxene-rich massifs and crater central peaks. These are primarily found within Hellas Basin rim units and may represent mantle materials brought toward the surface during the Hellas impact. Putative chloride deposits are primarily associated with olivine-deficient surfaces (unit 1) that may be heavily degraded occurrences of unit 2. The observations raise a variety of questions related to Martian crustal evolution and alteration that may have more widespread implications outside the study region.
C1 [Rogers, A. Deanne] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Fergason, Robin L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Rogers, AD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, 255 Earth & Space Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM adrogers@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
RI Rogers, Deanne/I-9737-2016
OI Rogers, Deanne/0000-0002-4671-2551
FU NASA [NNX08AL10G, NNX07AN85G]
FX This work was supported by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program grants
NNX08AL10G (A. D. R.) and NNX07AN85G (R. L. F.) and by the NASA
Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. We are grateful to Joseph
Michalski and an anonymous reviewer for highly useful reviews. Tim
Glotch provided helpful comments. We thank Mikki Osterloo for sharing
her global map of proposed chloride deposits. Finally, we thank the
JMARS software developers, THEMIS engineers, mission planners, and data
archivists, and CRISM multispectral summary image validation teams for
straightforward and highly valuable products.
NR 89
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD AUG 20
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E08005
DI 10.1029/2010JE003772
PG 24
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 810OD
UT WOS:000294133700001
ER
PT J
AU Pan, YD
Birdsey, RA
Fang, JY
Houghton, R
Kauppi, PE
Kurz, WA
Phillips, OL
Shvidenko, A
Lewis, SL
Canadell, JG
Ciais, P
Jackson, RB
Pacala, SW
McGuire, AD
Piao, SL
Rautiainen, A
Sitch, S
Hayes, D
AF Pan, Yude
Birdsey, Richard A.
Fang, Jingyun
Houghton, Richard
Kauppi, Pekka E.
Kurz, Werner A.
Phillips, Oliver L.
Shvidenko, Anatoly
Lewis, Simon L.
Canadell, Josep G.
Ciais, Philippe
Jackson, Robert B.
Pacala, Stephen W.
McGuire, A. David
Piao, Shilong
Rautiainen, Aapo
Sitch, Stephen
Hayes, Daniel
TI A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World's Forests
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; CO2 EMISSIONS; DROUGHT; LAND;
SENSITIVITY; MANAGEMENT; ATMOSPHERE; INCREASE; BALANCE
AB The terrestrial carbon sink has been large in recent decades, but its size and location remain uncertain. Using forest inventory data and long-term ecosystem carbon studies, we estimate a total forest sink of 2.4 +/- 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year(-1)) globally for 1990 to 2007. We also estimate a source of 1.3 +/- 0.7 Pg C year(-1) from tropical land-use change, consisting of a gross tropical deforestation emission of 2.9 +/- 0.5 Pg C year(-1) partially compensated by a carbon sink in tropical forest regrowth of 1.6 +/- 0.5 Pg C year(-1). Together, the fluxes comprise a net global forest sink of 1.1 +/- 0.8 Pg C year(-1), with tropical estimates having the largest uncertainties. Our total forest sink estimate is equivalent in magnitude to the terrestrial sink deduced from fossil fuel emissions and land-use change sources minus ocean and atmospheric sinks.
C1 [Pan, Yude; Birdsey, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA.
[Fang, Jingyun; Piao, Shilong] Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Fang, Jingyun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.
[Houghton, Richard] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02543 USA.
[Kauppi, Pekka E.; Rautiainen, Aapo] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
[Kurz, Werner A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada.
[Phillips, Oliver L.; Lewis, Simon L.; Sitch, Stephen] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Shvidenko, Anatoly] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
[Canadell, Josep G.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Marine & Atmospher, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Ciais, Philippe] Lab Sci Climat & Environm CEA UVSQ CNRS, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Pacala, Stephen W.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Hayes, Daniel] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Pan, YD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA.
EM ypan@fs.fed.us
RI Sitch, Stephen/F-8034-2015; Shvidenko, Anatoly/I-1505-2016; Canadell,
Josep/E-9419-2010; Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012; Namikawa,
Laercio/C-5559-2013; Phillips, Oliver/A-1523-2011; Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015
OI Sitch, Stephen/0000-0003-1821-8561; Shvidenko,
Anatoly/0000-0001-7640-2151; Lewis, Simon/0000-0002-8066-6851; Kurz,
Werner/0000-0003-4576-7849; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218;
Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804; Phillips,
Oliver/0000-0002-8993-6168;
FU U.S. Forest Service, NASA [31021001]; National Basic Research Program of
China on Global Change [2010CB50600]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation;
Peking Univ.; Princeton Univ.
FX This study is the major output of two workshops at Peking Univ. and
Princeton Univ. Y.P., R.A.B., and J.F. were lead authors and workshop
organizers; Y.P., R.A.B., J.F., R.H., P.E.K., W.A.K., O.L.P., A.S., and
S.L.L. contributed primary data sets and analyses; J.G.C., P.C., R.B.J.,
and S.W.P. contributed noteworthy ideas to improve the study; A.D.M.,
S.P., A.R., S.S., and D.H. provided results of modeling or data analysis
relevant to the study; and all authors contributed in writing,
discussions, or comments. We thank K. McCullough for helping to make the
map in Fig. 1 and C. Wayson for helping to develop a Monte-Carlo
analysis. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Forest Service,
NASA (grant 31021001), the National Basic Research Program of China on
Global Change (2010CB50600), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation,
Peking Univ., and Princeton Univ. This work is a contribution toward the
Global Carbon Project's aim of fostering an international framework to
study the global carbon cycle.
NR 37
TC 1215
Z9 1334
U1 179
U2 1100
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD AUG 19
PY 2011
VL 333
IS 6045
BP 988
EP 993
DI 10.1126/science.1201609
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 808TD
UT WOS:000294000400048
PM 21764754
ER
PT J
AU Feist, BE
Buhle, ER
Arnold, P
Davis, JW
Scholz, NL
AF Feist, Blake E.
Buhle, Eric R.
Arnold, Paul
Davis, Jay W.
Scholz, Nathaniel L.
TI Landscape Ecotoxicology of Coho Salmon Spawner Mortality in Urban
Streams
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID LAND-USE; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; PARVICAPSULA-MINIBICORNIS;
ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; STORM WATER;
RUNOFF; RIVER; URBANIZATION
AB In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) returning from the ocean to spawn in urban basins of the Puget Sound region have been prematurely dying at high rates (up to 90% of the total runs) for more than a decade. The current weight of evidence indicates that coho deaths are caused by toxic chemical contaminants in land-based runoff to urban streams during the fall spawning season. Non-point source pollution in urban landscapes typically originates from discrete urban and residential land use activities. In the present study we conducted a series of spatial analyses to identify correlations between land use and land cover (roadways, impervious surfaces, forests, etc.) and the magnitude of coho mortality in six streams with different drainage basin characteristics. We found that spawner mortality was most closely and positively correlated with the relative proportion of local roads, impervious surfaces, and commercial property within a basin. These and other correlated variables were used to identify unmonitored basins in the greater Seattle metropolitan area where recurrent coho spawner die-offs may be likely. This predictive map indicates a substantial geographic area of vulnerability for the Puget Sound coho population segment, a species of concern under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. Our spatial risk representation has numerous applications for urban growth management, coho conservation, and basin restoration (e. g., avoiding the unintentional creation of ecological traps). Moreover, the approach and tools are transferable to areas supporting coho throughout western North America.
C1 [Feist, Blake E.; Buhle, Eric R.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Arnold, Paul; Davis, Jay W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA USA.
RP Feist, BE (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM blake.feist@noaa.gov
RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013;
OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272; Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service; City of Seattle (Seattle Public Utilities); U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency - Region 10
FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration - Coastal Storms Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
- National Contaminants Program; City of Seattle (Seattle Public
Utilities); and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Region 10.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 50
TC 9
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U1 2
U2 47
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD AUG 17
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 8
AR e23424
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0023424
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 810JJ
UT WOS:000294121300045
PM 21858112
ER
PT J
AU Biggins, DE
Livieri, TM
Breck, SW
AF Biggins, Dean E.
Livieri, Travis M.
Breck, Stewart W.
TI Interface between black-footed ferret research and operational
conservation
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE adaptive management; attitudes; captive breeding; communication;
Cynomys; endangered species; Mustela nigripes; plague; prairie dog;
reintroduction
ID PRAIRIE DOGS CYNOMYS; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; LUDOVICIANUS; SURVIVAL; PLAGUE
AB Questions and problems that emerged during operational conservation of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) have been addressed by a wide variety of studies. Early results from such studies often were communicated orally during meetings of recovery groups and in written form using memoranda, unpublished reports, and theses. Typically, implementation of results preceded their publication in widely distributed journals. Many of these studies eventually were published in journals, and we briefly summarize the contents of 8 volumes and special features of journals that have been dedicated to the biology of ferrets and issues in ferret recovery. This year marks the 30th anniversary of rediscovery of the black-footed ferret, and the 7 papers of the following Special Feature summarize data collected over nearly that span of time.
C1 [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA.
[Breck, Stewart W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov
NR 38
TC 10
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U1 4
U2 49
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD AUG 16
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 4
BP 699
EP 704
DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-S-086.1
PG 6
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 812TD
UT WOS:000294314900001
ER
PT J
AU Fagerstone, KA
Biggins, DE
AF Fagerstone, Kathleen A.
Biggins, Dean E.
TI Black-footed ferret areas of activity during late summer and fall at
Meeteetse, Wyoming
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE center of activity; dispersal; movement; Mustela nigripes;
radiotelemetry
AB Radiotelemetry was used during 1983 and 1984 to collect information on short-term areas of activity for black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) near Meeteetse, Wyoming. This population ultimately provided ferrets for the captive-breeding program that bred and released offspring into the wild since 1991. We fitted 5 adult ferrets and 13 juveniles with radiotransmitters and followed their movements during late summer and fall. Adult males had 7-day areas of activity that were > 6 times as large as those of adult females. Activity areas of adult males varied little in coverage or location on a weekly basis, but females sequentially shifted their areas. Unlike juvenile females, juvenile males tended to leave their natal colonies.
C1 [Fagerstone, Kathleen A.; Biggins, Dean E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver Wildlife Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Fagerstone, KA (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
EM kathleen.alagerstone@aphis.usda.gov
NR 19
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U1 2
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PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
EI 1545-1542
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD AUG 16
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 4
BP 705
EP 709
DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-140.1
PG 5
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 812TD
UT WOS:000294314900002
ER
PT J
AU Biggins, DE
Hanebury, LR
Miller, BJ
Powell, RA
AF Biggins, Dean E.
Hanebury, Louis R.
Miller, Brian J.
Powell, Roger A.
TI Black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats as ecological surrogates and
ecological equivalents
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE circadian rhythm; ecological equivalent; ecological surrogate;
intraguild predation; moon; Mustela eversmanii; Mustela nigripes;
predator avoidance
ID MUSTELA-PUTORIUS-FURO; RESOURCE SELECTION; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES;
INTRAGUILD PREDATION; DOMESTIC FERRETS; SMALL CARNIVORES; SURVIVAL
SKILLS; PRAIRIE DOGS; HOME-RANGE; NIGRIPES
AB Ecologically equivalent species serve similar functions in different communities, and an ecological surrogate species can be used as a substitute for an equivalent species in a community. Siberian polecats (Mustela eversmanii) and black-footed ferrets (M. nigripes) have long been considered ecological equivalents. Polecats also have been used as investigational surrogates for black-footed ferrets, yet the similarities and differences between the 2 species are poorly understood. We contrasted activity patterns of radiotagged polecats and ferrets released onto ferret habitat. Ferrets tended to be nocturnal and most active after midnight. Polecats were not highly selective for any period of the day or night. Ferrets and polecats moved most during brightly moonlit nights. The diel activity pattern of ferrets was consistent with avoidance of coyotes (Canis latrans) and diurnal birds of prey. Similarly, polecat activity was consistent with avoidance of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in their natural range. Intraguild predation (including interference competition) is inferred as a selective force influencing behaviors of these mustelines. Examination of our data suggests that black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats might be ecological equivalents but are not perfect surrogates. Nonetheless, polecats as surrogates for black-footed ferrets have provided critical insight needed, especially related to predation, to improve the success of ferret reintroductions.
C1 [Biggins, Dean E.; Hanebury, Louis R.; Miller, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Ecol Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
[Powell, Roger A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov
FU United States Geological Survey; Smithsonian Institution; Loudon Area
Ferret Fanciers; National Zoo; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation;
United States Army
FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Geological
Survey, Smithsonian Institution, Loudon Area Ferret Fanciers, Friends of
the National Zoo, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and United
States Army. We are especially grateful to Wildlife Trust for long-term
support of this conservation effort. We are deeply indebted to the
Wyoming Game and Fish Department and the Henry Doorly Zoo (Omaha,
Nebraska) for producing the ferrets that were reintroduced in 1991. The
National Zoo Conservation and Research Center provided logistical
support, housing, food, and husbandry for captive polecats. The United
States Army Pueblo Chemical Depot and the National Zoo Conservation and
Research Center allowed us to convert buildings into polecat
conditioning arenas. Ranchers at Hasty, Colorado, Veteran, Wyoming, and
Shirley Basin, Wyoming, graciously allowed us to work on their lands. J.
Ma and Z. Zhao, Northeast Forestry University (Ministry of Forestry),
Harbin, China, were instrumental in obtaining polecats from Inner
Mongolia. The United States Army Corps of Engineers provided housing and
office facilities at Hasty, Colorado. L. Phillips of Brookfield Zoo,
Chicago, Illinois, and S. Monfort and J. Zoziarski of the National Zoo,
Washington, D.C., performed sterilization surgery on ferrets, and R.
Opferman provided veterinary assistance on many occasions. Space does
not permit individual acknowledgment of the many technicians and
volunteers who worked on ferret and polecat releases, but their help is
sincerely appreciated. We appreciate the helpful reviews of this paper
by B. Wunder, J. Detling, W. Andelt, P. Shafroth, B. Iko, and D. Eads.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government.
NR 90
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U1 5
U2 36
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD AUG 16
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 4
BP 710
EP 720
DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-110.1
PG 11
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 812TD
UT WOS:000294314900003
ER
PT J
AU Biggins, DE
Miller, BJ
Hanebury, LR
Powell, RA
AF Biggins, Dean E.
Miller, Brian J.
Hanebury, Louis R.
Powell, Roger A.
TI Mortality of Siberian polecats and black-footed ferrets released onto
prairie dog colonies
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE captive breeding; Cynomys; ecological equivalent; ecological surrogate;
Mustela eversmanii; Mustela nigripes; predation; reintroduction;
survival; translocation
ID MUSTELA-EVERSMANNI; SURVIVAL SKILLS; AVIAN PREDATION; NIGRIPES; MAMMALS;
EUROPE
AB Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) likely were extirpated from the wild in 1985-1986, and their repatriation depends on captive breeding and reintroduction. Postrelease survival of animals can be affected by behavioral changes induced by captivity. We released neutered Siberian polecats (M. eversmanii), close relatives of ferrets, in 1989-1990 on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in Colorado and Wyoming initially to test rearing and reintroduction techniques. Captive-born polecats were reared in cages or cages plus outdoor pens, released from elevated cages or into burrows, and supplementally fed or not fed. We also translocated wild-born polecats from China in 1990 and released captive-born, cage-reared black-footed ferrets in 1991, the 1st such reintroduction of black-footed ferrets. We documented mortality for 55 of 92 radiotagged animals in these studies, mostly due to predation (46 cases). Coyotes (Canis latrans) killed 31 ferrets and polecats. Supplementally fed polecats survived longer than nonprovisioned polecats. With a model based on deaths per distance moved, survival was highest for wild-born polecats, followed by pen-experienced, then cage-reared groups. Indexes of abundance (from spotlight surveys) for several predators were correlated with mortality rates of polecats and ferrets due to those predators. Released black-footed ferrets had lower survival rates than their ancestral population in Wyoming, and lower survival than wild-born and translocated polecats, emphasizing the influence of captivity. Captive-born polecats lost body mass more rapidly postrelease than did captive-born ferrets. Differences in hunting efficiency and prey selection provide further evidence that these polecats and ferrets are not ecological equivalents in the strict sense.
C1 [Biggins, Dean E.; Miller, Brian J.; Hanebury, Louis R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Ecol Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
[Powell, Roger A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM dean_biggins@ugsg.gov
FU United States Geological Survey; Smithsonian Institution; Loudon Area
Ferret Fanciers; National Zoo; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation;
United States Army
FX Funding for this project came from the United States Geological Survey,
Smithsonian Institution, Loudon Area Ferret Fanciers, Friends of the
National Zoo, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and United States
Army. We are especially grateful to Wildlife Trust for long-term support
of this conservation effort. We are deeply indebted to the Wyoming Game
and Fish Department and the Henry Doorly Zoo (Omaha, Nebraska) for
producing the ferrets that were reintroduced in 1991. The National Zoo
Conservation and Research Center provided logistical support, housing,
food, and husbandry for captive polecats. The United States Army Pueblo
Chemical Depot and the National Zoo Conservation and Research Center
allowed us to convert buildings into polecat conditioning arenas.
Ranchers at Hasty, Veteran, and Shirley Basin graciously allowed us to
work on their lands. J. Ma and Z. Zhao, Northeast Forestry University
(Ministry of Forestry), Harbin, China, were instrumental in obtaining
polecats from Inner Mongolia. The United States Army Corps of Engineers
provided housing and office facilities at Hasty. L. Phillips of
Brookfield Zoo and S. Monfort and J. Zoziarski of the National Zoo
performed sterilization surgery on ferrets, and R. Opferman provided
veterinary assistance on many occasions. Space does not permit
individual acknowledgment of the many technicians and volunteers who
worked on ferret and polecat releases, but their help is sincerely
appreciated. We appreciate the helpful reviews of this paper by B.
Wunder, J. Detling, W. Andelt, R. Reading, and E. Valdez. Any use of
trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the United States government.
NR 64
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U1 4
U2 52
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD AUG 16
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 4
BP 721
EP 731
DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-115.1
PG 11
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 812TD
UT WOS:000294314900004
ER
PT J
AU Poessel, SA
Breck, SW
Biggins, DE
Livieri, TM
Crooks, KR
Angeloni, L
AF Poessel, Sharon A.
Breck, Stewart W.
Biggins, Dean E.
Livieri, Travis M.
Crooks, Kevin R.
Angeloni, Lisa
TI Landscape features influence postrelease predation on endangered
black-footed ferrets
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bubo virginianus; Canis latrans; coyote; great horned owl; habitat
selection; Mustela nigripes; predation risk
ID PRAIRIE DOG COLONIES; RESOURCE SELECTION; ECOLOGY; COYOTE; ATTRIBUTES;
AVOIDANCE; SURVIVAL; RISK; FEAR
AB Predation can be a critical factor influencing recovery of endangered species. In most recovery efforts lethal and nonlethal influences of predators are not sufficiently understood to allow prediction of predation risk, despite its importance. We investigated whether landscape features could be used to model predation risk from coyotes (Canis latrans) and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) on the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). We used location data of reintroduced ferrets from 3 sites in South Dakota to determine whether exposure to landscape features typically associated with predators affected survival of ferrets, and whether ferrets considered predation risk when choosing habitat near perches potentially used by owls or near linear features predicted to be used by coyotes. Exposure to areas near likely owl perches reduced ferret survival, but landscape features potentially associated with coyote movements had no appreciable effect on survival. Ferrets were located within 90 m of perches more than expected in 2 study sites that also had higher ferret mortality due to owl predation. Densities of potential coyote travel routes near ferret locations were no different than expected in all 3 sites. Repatriated ferrets might have selected resources based on factors other than predator avoidance. Considering an easily quantified landscape feature (i.e., owl perches) can enhance success of reintroduction efforts for ferrets. Nonetheless, development of predictive models of predation risk and management strategies to mitigate that risk is not necessarily straightforward for more generalist predators such as coyotes.
C1 [Poessel, Sharon A.; Crooks, Kevin R.; Angeloni, Lisa] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Breck, Stewart W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
[Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA.
[Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Angeloni, Lisa] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Poessel, SA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM sharpoes@gmail.com
RI Poessel, Sharon/B-3651-2013
OI Poessel, Sharon/0000-0002-0283-627X
FU Colorado State University; Rocky Mountain Goat Foundation; Hill Memorial
Fellowship; Women in Natural Sciences Fellowship; United States
Geological Survey; Park Service; United States Forest Service
FX We especially appreciate the efforts of dedicated staff members at the
National Black-footed Ferret Conservation Center (Wyoming), the
Louisville Zoological Gardens, and the Phoenix Zoo for providing the
ferrets we released. We thank G. Plumb of the National Park Service and
B. Perry and P. McDonald of the United States Forest Service for their
invaluable contributions to the radiocollaring and tracking of ferrets.
We are indebted to the many technicians who spent long nights
radiotracking the released ferrets. We thank C. Burdett for geographic
information system assistance and R. Scherer and G. White for
statistical advice. We also thank W. D. Walter and J. Resnik for
providing comments on this manuscript. This study was supported by
Colorado State University, the Rocky Mountain Goat Foundation, the Hill
Memorial Fellowship, and the Women in Natural Sciences Fellowship.
Support for the radiotelemetry work was provided by the United States
Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and the United States
Forest Service.
NR 47
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U1 5
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PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD AUG 16
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 4
BP 732
EP 741
DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-061.1
PG 10
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 812TD
UT WOS:000294314900005
ER
PT J
AU Biggins, DE
Godbey, JL
Horton, BM
Livieri, TM
AF Biggins, Dean E.
Godbey, Jerry L.
Horton, Brent M.
Livieri, Travis M.
TI Movements and survival of black-footed ferrets associated with an
experimental translocation in South Dakota
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE behavior; captive breeding; compensatory mortality; density dependence;
dispersal; endangered species; Mustela nigripes; reintroduction
ID OTTERS LUTRA-LUTRA; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; HYPOTHESES; EXPERIENCE; MORTALITY
AB Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) apparently were extirpated from all native habitats by 1987, and their repatriation requires a combination of captive breeding, reintroductions, and translocations among sites. Improvements in survival rates of released ferrets have resulted from experience in quasi-natural environments during their rearing. Reestablishment of a self-sustaining wild population by 1999 provided the 1st opportunity to initiate new populations by translocating wild-born individuals. Using radiotelemetry, we compared behaviors and survival of 18 translocated wild-born ferrets and 18 pen-experienced captive-born ferrets after their release into a prairie dog colony not occupied previously by ferrets. Translocated wild-born ferrets moved significantly less and had significantly higher short-term survival rates than their captive-born counterparts. Using mark recapture methods, we also assessed potential impacts to the established donor population of removing 37% of its estimated annual production of kits. Annual survival rates for 30 ferret kits remaining at the donor subcomplex were higher than rates for 54 ferret kits at the control subcomplex (unmanipulated) for males (+82%) and females (+32%). Minimum survival of translocated kits did not differ significantly from survival of those at the control subcomplex. Direct translocation of young, wild-born ferrets from site to site appears to be an efficient method to establish new populations.
C1 [Biggins, Dean E.; Godbey, Jerry L.; Horton, Brent M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Livieri, Travis M.] US Forest Serv, Wall, SD 57790 USA.
RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov
FU United States Geological Survey; United States Forest Service
FX Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey and the
United States Forest Service. We appreciate the radiotracking efforts of
C. Becker, L. Boyd, B. Davis, J. Humphries, C. Link letter, S. Marcum,
F. Nicoll, S. Palazon, E. Price, R. Ross, E. Roth, and A. Yamamuro.
Spotlighting crews also included R. Cook, N. Eisenbraun, V. Kopcso, J.
Leinbach, C. Lynch, A. Nellen, W. Perry, N. Potts, M. Roit, D. Sargent,
and T. Weisbeck. W. Perry and D. Sargent of the Forest Service were
instrumental in supporting the field effort, and several biologists (P.
Gober, M. Lockhart, P. Marinari, and S. Larson) of the United States
Fish and Wildlife Service ensured that ferrets were allocated and
delivered according to our requirements for a balanced design. L.
Ellison, B. Swanson, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments
on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United
States government.
NR 34
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 45
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD AUG 16
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 4
BP 742
EP 750
DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-152.1
PG 9
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 812TD
UT WOS:000294314900006
ER
PT J
AU Eads, DA
Millspaugh, JJ
Biggins, DE
Livieri, TM
Jachowski, DS
AF Eads, David A.
Millspaugh, Joshua J.
Biggins, Dean E.
Livieri, Travis M.
Jachowski, David S.
TI Postbreeding resource selection by adult black-footed ferrets in the
Conata Basin, South Dakota
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cynomys; Cynomys ludovicianus; edge; habitat; Mustela; Mustela nigripes;
prairie dog
ID TAILED PRAIRIE DOG; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; FOOD-HABITS; BURROW SYSTEMS;
LANDSCAPE; CYNOMYS; LUDOVICIANUS; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL; PLAGUE
AB We investigated postbreeding resource selection by adult black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) on a 452-ha black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colony in the Conata Basin of South Dakota during 2007-2008. We used resource selection functions (RSFs) to evaluate relationships between numbers of ferret locations and numbers of prairie dog burrow openings (total or active), distances to colony edges, and connectivity of patches of burrow openings. In both years ferrets selected areas near edges of the prairie dog colony where active burrow openings were abundant. In the interior of the colony ferrets selected areas with low abundance of active burrow openings. At times, prairie dog productivity (i.e., pup abundance) might be greatest at colony edges often characterized by grasses; ferrets are likely to select areas where refuge and vulnerable prey are abundant. Ferrets could have used interior areas with few active burrow openings as corridors between edge areas with many active burrow openings. Also, in areas with few active burrow openings ferrets spend more time aboveground during movements and, thus, are likely to be more easily detected. These results complement previous studies demonstrating importance of refuge and prey in fine-scale resource selection by ferrets and provide insight into factors that might influence edge effects on ferret space use. Conservation and restoration of colonies with areas with high densities of burrow openings and prairie dogs, and corridors between such areas, are needed for continued recovery of the black-footed ferret. RSFs could complement coarse-scale habitat evaluations by providing finer-scale assessments of habitat for the black-footed ferret.
C1 [Eads, David A.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.; Jachowski, David S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA.
RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM david.eads@colostate.edu
FU State Wildlife [T35]; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks
[2435]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0058-0000]; United
States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Forest Service; United
States Geological Survey; Denver Zoological Foundation; Prairie Wildlife
Research; University of Missouri; S. and D. Webb
FX This study was made possible through State Wildlife Grant T35, study
2435, provided by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks.
Support also was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
(grant 2006-0058-0000), the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the
United States Forest Service, the United States Geological Survey, the
Denver Zoological Foundation, Prairie Wildlife Research, and the
University of Missouri. DAE also was supported by S. and D. Webb. Thanks
are extended to D. Marsh, P. Gober, S. Larson, and M. Forsberg for
assistance with spotlight surveys; M. Reuber, A. Turgeon, and R.
Jachowski for assistance with mapping burrow openings; R. Griebel, R.
Jachowski, and A. Wooden Knife for logistical support; and the Wooden
Knifes and Baysingers for housing support. Thanks also are extended to
H. He, M. Gompper, and T. Bonnot for productive discussions; and T.
Atwood, T. Bonnot, A. Goldberg, S. Grassel, C. Hansen, B. Keller, J.
Kolar, S. Ramakrishnan, S. Wisely, and 2 anonymous reviewers for
constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the United States government.
NR 100
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 25
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
EI 1545-1542
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD AUG 16
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 4
BP 760
EP 770
DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-139.1
PG 11
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 812TD
UT WOS:000294314900008
ER
PT J
AU Arsnoe, DM
Ip, HS
Owen, JC
AF Arsnoe, Dustin M.
Ip, Hon S.
Owen, Jennifer C.
TI Influence of Body Condition on Influenza A Virus Infection in Mallard
Ducks: Experimental Infection Data
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID IMMUNE FUNCTION; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; LAKES REGION; VICE-VERSA;
SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIRDS; ASSAY; HOST; MICE; H5N1
AB Migrating waterfowl are implicated in the global spread of influenza A viruses (IAVs), and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are considered a particularly important IAV reservoir. Prevalence of IAV infection in waterfowl peaks during autumn pre-migration staging and then declines as birds reach wintering areas. Migration is energetically costly and birds often experience declines in body condition that may suppress immune function. We assessed how body condition affects susceptibility to infection, viral shedding and antibody production in wild-caught and captive-bred juvenile mallards challenged with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H5N9. Wild mallards (n = 30) were separated into three experimental groups; each manipulated through food availability to a different condition level (-20%, -10%, and normal +/- 5% original body condition), and captive-bred mallards (n = 10) were maintained at normal condition. We found that wild mallards in normal condition were more susceptible to LPAIV infection, shed higher peak viral loads and shed viral RNA more frequently compared to birds in poor condition. Antibody production did not differ according to condition. We found that wild mallards did not differ from captive-bred mallards in viral intensity and duration of infection, but they did exhibit lower antibody titers and greater variation in viral load. Our findings suggest that reduced body condition negatively influences waterfowl host competence to LPAIV infection. This observation is contradictory to the recently proposed condition-dependent hypothesis, according to which birds in reduced condition would be more susceptible to IAV infection. The mechanisms responsible for reducing host competency among birds in poor condition remain unknown. Our research indicates body condition may influence the maintenance and spread of LPAIV by migrating waterfowl.
C1 [Arsnoe, Dustin M.; Owen, Jennifer C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
[Owen, Jennifer C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Arsnoe, DM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM arsnoed@gmail.com
RI Owen, Jen/B-3148-2013
OI Owen, Jen/0000-0003-1383-4816
FU Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Michigan State University;
American Museum of Natural History
FX This study was funded by the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at
Michigan State University and the American Museum of Natural History.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 49
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 23
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD AUG 16
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 8
AR e22633
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022633
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 810KZ
UT WOS:000294125500010
PM 21857940
ER
PT J
AU Schmidt, TS
Clements, WH
Zuellig, RE
Mitchell, KA
Church, SE
Wanty, RB
San Juan, CA
Adams, M
Lamothe, PJ
AF Schmidt, Travis S.
Clements, William H.
Zuellig, Robert E.
Mitchell, Katharine A.
Church, Stanley E.
Wanty, Richard B.
San Juan, Carma A.
Adams, Monique
Lamothe, Paul J.
TI Critical Tissue Residue Approach Linking Accumulated Metals in Aquatic
Insects to Population and Community-Level Effects
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAVY-METALS; DISSOLVED CADMIUM; ARKANSAS RIVER; FIELD DATA;
BIOACCUMULATION; QUALITY; WATER; REGRESSION; TOXICITY; COLORADO
AB Whole body Zn concentrations in individuals (n = 825) from three aquatic insect taxa (mayflies Rhithrogena spp. and Drunella spp. and the caddisfly Arctopsyche grandis) were used to predict effects on populations and communities (n = 149 samples). Both mayflies accumulated significantly more Zn than the caddisfly. The presence/absence of Drunella spp. most reliably distinguished sites with low and high Zn concentrations; however, population densities of mayflies were more sensitive to increases in accumulated Zn. Critical tissue residues (634 mu g/g Zn for Drunella spp. and 267 mu g/g Zn for Rhithrogena spp.) caused a 20% reduction in maximum (90th quantile) mayfly densities. These critical tissue residues were associated with exposure to 7.0 and 3.9 mu g/L dissolved Zn for Drunella spp. and Rhithrogena spp., respectively. A threshold in a measure of taxonomic completeness (observed/expected) was observed at 5.4 mu g/L dissolved Zn. Dissolved Zn concentrations associated with critical tissue residues in mayflies were also associated with adverse effects in the aquatic community as a whole. These effects on populations and communities occurred at Zn concentrations below the U.S. EPA hardness-adjusted continuous chronic criterion.
C1 [Schmidt, Travis S.; Zuellig, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Schmidt, Travis S.; Church, Stanley E.; Wanty, Richard B.; San Juan, Carma A.; Adams, Monique; Lamothe, Paul J.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Schmidt, Travis S.; Zuellig, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Clements, William H.; Mitchell, Katharine A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Schmidt, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM tschmidt@usgs.gov
RI Clements, William/N-2686-2016
FU U.S. Geological Survey; EPA STAR [R829640]; USDA; USGS
FX We thank Dan Cain, Landis Hare, and Peter Kiffney for insightful
comments that greatly improved this manuscript. Brian Cade provided
support with the quantile regression analysis. Support for this research
came from the U.S. Geological Survey Central Colorado Assessment
Project, and EPA STAR Grant R829640. T.S.S. received funding from the
USDA National Needs Fellowship Program and the USGS Mendenhall Post
Doctoral Program. Disclaimer: Any use of trade, product, or firm names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
U.S. Government.
NR 51
TC 19
Z9 21
U1 4
U2 22
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 16
BP 7004
EP 7010
DI 10.1021/es200215s
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 805VZ
UT WOS:000293758400039
PM 21793485
ER
PT J
AU Dowsett, HJ
Haywood, AM
Valdes, PJ
Robinson, MM
Lunt, DJ
Hill, D
Stoll, DK
Foley, KM
AF Dowsett, Harry J.
Haywood, Alan M.
Valdes, Paul J.
Robinson, Marci M.
Lunt, Daniel J.
Hill, Daniell.
Stoll, Danielle K.
Foley, Kevin M.
TI Sea surface temperatures of the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period: A comparison
of PRISM3 and HadCM3
SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period; Pliocene Research, Interpretation and
Synoptic Mapping; Sea surface temperature; General circulation model;
Proxy; Comparison
ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS;
PLIOCENE CLIMATE; JOINT INVESTIGATIONS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ICE-SHEET;
RECONSTRUCTION; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATIONS
AB It is essential to document how well the current generation of climate models performs in simulating past climates to have confidence in their ability to project future conditions. We present the first global, in-depth comparison of Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) estimates from a coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model experiment and a SST reconstruction based on proxy data. This enables the identification of areas in which both the climate model and the proxy dataset require improvement.
In general. the fit between model-produced SST anomalies and those formed from the available data is very good. We focus our discussion on three regions where the data-model anomaly exceeds 2 degrees C. 1) In the high latitude North Pacific, a systematic model error may result in anomalies that are too cold. Also, the deeper Pliocene thermocline may cause disagreement along the California margin; either the upwelling in the model is too strong or the modeled thermocline is not deep enough. 2) In the North Atlantic, the model predicts cooling in the center of a data-based warming trend that steadily increases with latitude from + 1.5 degrees C to >+6 degrees C. The discrepancy may arise because the modeled North Atlantic Current is too zonal compared to reality, which is reinforced by the lowering of the altitude of the Pliocene Western Cordillera Mountains. In addition, the model's use of modern bathymetry in the higher latitudes may have led the model to underestimate the northward penetration of warmer surface water into the Arctic. 3) Finally, though the data and model show good general agreement across most of the Southern Ocean, a few locations show offsets due to the modern land-sea mask used in the model.
Additional considerations could account for many of the modest data-model anomalies, such as differences between calibration climatologies. the oversimplification of the seasonal cycle, and differences between SST proxies (i.e. seasonality and water depth). New SST estimates from data-sparse and regionally important areas will greatly enhance our ability to judge model performance. Published by Elsevier By.
C1 [Dowsett, Harry J.; Robinson, Marci M.; Stoll, Danielle K.; Foley, Kevin M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[Haywood, Alan M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environment, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Valdes, Paul J.; Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Hill, Daniell.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England.
RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
EM hdowsett@usgs.gov
RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013;
OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925;
Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524
NR 83
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0031-0182
J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL
JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 309
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 83
EP 91
DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.016
PG 9
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology
GA 810RF
UT WOS:000294144100007
ER
PT J
AU Robinson, MM
Valdes, PJ
Haywood, AM
Dowsett, HJ
Hill, DJ
Jones, SM
AF Robinson, Marci M.
Valdes, Paul J.
Haywood, Alan M.
Dowsett, Harry J.
Hill, Daniel J.
Jones, Stephen M.
TI Bathymetric controls on Pliocene North Atlantic and Arctic sea surface
temperature and deepwater production
SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mid-Pliocene warm period; Greenland-Scotland Ridge; Arctic Ocean;
Sea-surface temperature; Deepwater production; Ocean-atmosphere general
circulation model
ID GREENLAND-SCOTLAND RIDGE; OCEAN HEAT TRANSPORTS; COUPLED MODEL; WARMTH;
CIRCULATION
AB The mid-Pliocene warm period (MPWP; similar to 3.3 to 3.0 Ma) is the most recent interval in Earth's history in which global temperatures reached and remained at levels similar to those projected for the near future. The distribution of global warmth, however, was different than today in that the high latitudes warmed more than the tropics. Multiple temperature proxies indicate significant sea surface warming in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans during the MPWP, but predictions from a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere model (HadCM3) have so far been unable to fully predict the large scale of sea surface warming in the high latitudes. If climate proxies accurately represent Pliocene conditions, and if no weakness exists in the physics of the model, then model boundary conditions may be in error. Here we alter a single boundary condition (bathymetry) to examine if Pliocene high latitude warming was aided by an increase in poleward heat transport due to changes in the subsidence of North Atlantic Ocean ridges. We find an increase in both Arctic sea surface temperature and deepwater production in model experiments that incorporate a deepened Greenland-Scotland Ridge. These results offer both a mechanism for the warming in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans indicated by numerous proxies and an explanation for the apparent disparity between proxy data and model simulations of Pliocene northern North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean conditions. Determining the causes of Pliocene warmth remains critical to fully understanding comparisons of the Pliocene warm period to possible future climate change scenarios. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Robinson, Marci M.; Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Valdes, Paul J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
[Haywood, Alan M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environment, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Hill, Daniel J.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England.
[Jones, Stephen M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
RP Robinson, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM mmrobinson@usgs.gov; p.j.valdes@bristol.ac.uk; a.m.haywood@leeds.ac.uk;
hdowsett@usgs.gov; dahi@bgs.ac.uk; s.jones.4@bham.ac.uk
RI Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013;
OI Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524
NR 27
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0031-0182
J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL
JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 309
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 92
EP 97
DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.004
PG 6
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology
GA 810RF
UT WOS:000294144100008
ER
PT J
AU Dolan, AM
Haywood, AM
Hill, DJ
Dowsett, HJ
Hunter, SJ
Lunt, DJ
Pickering, SJ
AF Dolan, Aisling M.
Haywood, Alan M.
Hill, Daniel J.
Dowsett, Harry J.
Hunter, Stephen J.
Lunt, Daniel J.
Pickering, Steven J.
TI Sensitivity of Pliocene ice sheets to orbital forcing
SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pliocene; Ice sheets; Orbital forcing; Sea level
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SEA-LEVEL
FLUCTUATIONS; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
CLIMATE MODEL; SOLAR-SYSTEM; ARCTIC-OCEAN; LATE NEOGENE
AB The stability of the Earth's major ice sheets is a critical uncertainty in predictions of future climate and sea level change. One method of investigating the behaviour of the Greenland and the Antarctic ice sheets in a warmer-than-modern climate is to look back at past warm periods of Earth history, for example the Pliocene. This paper presents climate and ice sheet modelling results for the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP; 3.3 to 3.0 million years ago), which has been identified as a key interval for understanding warmer-than-modern climates (Jansen et al., 2007). Using boundary conditions supplied by the United States Geological Survey PRISM Group (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping), the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model (HadCM3) and the British Antarctic Survey Ice Sheet Model (BASISM), we show large reductions in the Greenland and East Antarctic Ice Sheets (GrIS and EAIS) compared to modern in standard mPWP experiments. We also present the first results illustrating the variability of the ice sheets due to realistic orbital forcing during the mid-Pliocene. While GrIS volumes are lower than modern under even the most extreme (cold) mid-Pliocene orbit (losing at least 35% of its ice mass), the EAIS can both grow and shrink, losing up to 20% or gaining up to 10% of its present-day volume. The changes in ice sheet volume incurred by altering orbital forcing alone means that global sea level can vary by more than 25 m during the mid-Pliocene. However, we have also shown that the response of the ice sheets to mPWP orbital hemispheric forcing can be in anti-phase, whereby the greatest reductions in EAIS volume are concurrent with the smallest reductions of the GrIS. If this anti-phase relationship is in operation throughout the mPWP, then the total eustatic sea level response would be dampened compared to the ice sheet fluctuations that are theoretically possible. This suggests that maximum eustatic sea level rise does not correspond to orbital maxima, but occurs at times where the anti-phasing of Northern and Southern Hemisphere ice sheet retreat is minimised. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dolan, Aisling M.; Haywood, Alan M.; Hunter, Stephen J.; Pickering, Steven J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environment, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Hill, Daniel J.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England.
[Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
[Lunt, Daniel J.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
RP Dolan, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environment, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
EM a.m.dolan08@leeds.ac.uk
RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Dolan, Aisling/D-2625-2012;
OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925;
Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524
FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/HO14144/1]; British
Geological Survey; BAS
FX The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is acknowledge for its
support to A.M.D. and A.M.H. A.M.H. also acknowledges the Leverhulme
Trust for the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize (2008). D.J.H is funded
by the British Geological Survey. H.J.D acknowledges the US Dept of
Interior and USGS Office of Global Change. D.J.L. is jointly funded by
BAS and is currently a NERC/RCUK research fellow, and acknowledges their
support. We also wish to acknowledge the PRISM group for use of their
palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, Richard Hindmarsh for use of
BASISM, Jacques Laskar for making the astronomical solutions available
for use in this study and Robin Smith for facilitating the
implementation of orbital configurations within the UM. This paper is a
product of NERC Grant NE/HO14144/1.
NR 110
TC 47
Z9 49
U1 2
U2 31
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0031-0182
EI 1872-616X
J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL
JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 309
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 98
EP 110
DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.030
PG 13
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology
GA 810RF
UT WOS:000294144100009
ER
PT J
AU Pope, JO
Collins, M
Haywood, AM
Dowsett, HJ
Hunter, SJ
Lunt, DJ
Pickering, SJ
Pound, MJ
AF Pope, James O.
Collins, Matthew
Haywood, Alan M.
Dowsett, Harry J.
Hunter, Stephen J.
Lunt, Daniel J.
Pickering, Steven J.
Pound, Matthew J.
TI Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions for the Pliocene
(Plio-QUMP): Initial results
SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Perturbed Physics Ensemble; Pliocene; Data/model comparison
ID TRANSIENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; LAST GLACIAL
MAXIMUM; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; COUPLED MODEL; OCEAN-MODEL; SENSITIVITY;
RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE
AB Examination of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; similar to 3.3 to 3.0 Ma BP) provides an excellent opportunity to test the ability of climate models to reproduce warm climate states. thereby assessing our confidence in model predictions. To do this it is necessary to relate the uncertainty in model simulations of mPWP climate to uncertainties in projections of future climate change. The uncertainties introduced by the model can be estimated through the use of a Perturbed Physics Ensemble (PPE). Developing on the UK Met Office Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions (QUMP) Project, this paper presents the results from an initial investigation using the end members of a PPE in a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model (HadCM3) running with appropriate mPWP boundary conditions. Prior work has shown that the unperturbed version of HadCM3 may underestimate mPWP sea surface temperatures at higher latitudes. Initial results indicate that neither the low sensitivity nor the high sensitivity simulations produce unequivocally improved mPWP climatology relative to the standard. Whilst the high sensitivity simulation was able to reconcile up to 6 degrees C of the data/model mismatch in sea surface temperatures in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (relative to the standard simulation), it did not produce a better prediction of global vegetation than the standard simulation. Overall the low sensitivity simulation was degraded compared to the standard and high sensitivity simulations in all aspects of the data/model comparison.
The results have shown that a PPE has the potential to explore weaknesses in mPWP modelling simulations which have been identified by geological proxies, but that a 'best fit' simulation will more likely come from a full ensemble in which simulations that contain the strengths of the two end member simulations shown here are combined. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pope, James O.; Haywood, Alan M.; Hunter, Stephen J.; Pickering, Steven J.; Pound, Matthew J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Collins, Matthew] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Collins, Matthew] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England.
[Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
RP Pope, JO (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
EM eejop@leeds.ac.uk
RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Pope, James/L-4427-2013; Collins,
Matthew/F-8473-2011; Pope, James/E-9473-2017;
OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Pope, James/0000-0001-8945-4209;
Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008; Pope, James/0000-0001-8945-4209;
Pound, Matthew/0000-0001-8029-9548; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524
FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
FX The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is acknowledged for its
support to J.O.P, M.J.P. D.J.L and A.M.H. A.M.H. also acknowledges the
Leverhulme Trust for the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize (2008).
H.J.D acknowledges the US Department of Interior and USGS Office of
Global Change. D.J.L is currently a NERC/RCUK research fellow, and
acknowledges their support. We also wish to acknowledge the PRISM group
for use of their palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and Ulrich Salzmann
for his palaeobotanical reconstruction. The three simulations were run
at the UK Met Office where M.C. was supported by the Met Office
DECC/Defra contract. We wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for
their comments and suggestions which helped improve the quality of this
paper.
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PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0031-0182
EI 1872-616X
J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL
JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 309
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 128
EP 140
DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.004
PG 13
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology
GA 810RF
UT WOS:000294144100012
ER
PT J
AU Teng, FZ
Dauphas, N
Helz, RT
Gao, S
Huang, SC
AF Teng, Fang-Zhen
Dauphas, Nicolas
Helz, Rosalind T.
Gao, Shan
Huang, Shichun
TI Diffusion-driven magnesium and iron isotope fractionation in Hawaiian
olivine
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE magnesium isotopes; iron isotopes; chemical diffusion; olivine; zoning;
Hawaii
ID IKI LAVA LAKE; OXYGEN FUGACITY; EXPERIMENTAL CALIBRATION;
THERMAL-DIFFUSION; SORET DIFFUSION; MAGMA CHAMBERS; SILICATE MELTS; FE
ISOTOPES; MANTLE; ROCKS
AB Diffusion plays an important role in Earth sciences to estimate the timescales of geological processes such as erosion, sediment burial, and magma cooling. In igneous systems, these diffusive processes are recorded in the form of crystal zoning. However, meaningful interpretation of these signatures is often hampered by the fact that they cannot be unambiguously ascribed to a single process (e.g., magmatic fractionation, diffusion limited transport in the crystal or in the liquid). Here we show that Mg and Fe isotope fractionations in olivine crystals can be used to trace diffusive processes in magmatic systems. Over sixty olivine fragments from Hawaiian basalts show isotopically fractionated Mg and Fe relative to basalts worldwide, with up to 0.4 parts per thousand variation in (26)Mg/(24)Mg ratios and 1.6 parts per thousand variation in (56)Fe/(54)Fe ratios. The linearly and negatively correlated Mg and Fe isotopic compositions [i.e., delta(56)Fe = (-3.3 +/- 0.3) x delta(26)Mg], co-variations of Mg and Fe isotopic compositions with Fe/Mg ratios of olivine fragments, and modeling results based on Mg and Fe elemental profiles demonstrate the coupled Mg and Fe isotope fractionation to be a manifestation of Mg Fe inter-diffusion in zoned olivines during magmatic differentiation. This characteristic can be used to constrain the nature of mineral zoning in igneous and metamorphic rocks, and hence determine the residence times of crystals in magmas, the composition of primary melts, and the duration of metamorphic events. With improvements in methodology, in situ isotope mapping will become an essential tool of petrology to identify diffusion in crystals. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Teng, Fang-Zhen] Univ Arkansas, Isotope Lab, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
[Teng, Fang-Zhen] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
[Dauphas, Nicolas] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Origins Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Dauphas, Nicolas] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Helz, Rosalind T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Gao, Shan] China Univ Geosci, Fac Earth Sci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
[Gao, Shan] NW Univ Xian, State Key Lab Continental Dynam, Xian 710069, Peoples R China.
[Huang, Shichun] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Teng, FZ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Isotope Lab, Dept Geosci, 113 Ozark Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
EM fteng@uark.edu
RI Dauphas, Nicolas/E-4568-2011; Huang, Shichun/A-3596-2008; Teng,
Fang-Zhen/F-6420-2010
FU NSF [EAR-0838227, EAR-1056713, EAR-0820807, EAR-0951487]; Arkansas Space
Grant Consortium [SW19002]; NASA [NNX09AG59G]; Packard fellowship; NSF
of China [40821061]; Ministry of Education of China [B07039]
FX We thank Frank Richter, Wei Yang, Wang-Ye Li, Corliss Sio, Shan Ke and
Sheng-Ao Liu for discussions and Jing-Liang Guo for help with microprobe
analyses. The paper benefited from constructive and detailed comments of
Helen Williams and an anonymous reviewer, and efficient editing from
Rick Carlson. This work was supported by NSF (EAR-0838227 and
EAR-1056713) and Arkansas Space Grant Consortium (SW19002) to FZT; NSF
(EAR-0820807), NASA (NNX09AG59G) and a Packard fellowship to N.D.; NSF
(EAR-0951487) to SH; as well as the NSF of China (40821061) and the
Ministry of Education of China (B07039) to SG.
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PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 308
IS 3-4
BP 317
EP 324
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.06.003
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 807VR
UT WOS:000293931600006
ER
PT J
AU Fram, MS
Belitz, K
AF Fram, Miranda S.
Belitz, Kenneth
TI Occurrence and concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in groundwater
used for public drinking-water supply in California
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Groundwater; Pharmaceuticals; California; Drinking-water supply;
Contaminants
ID ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; NATIONAL
RECONNAISSANCE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SEWAGE EFFLUENT; UNITED-STATES;
FATE; CONTAMINANTS; EXPOSURE; DRUGS
AB Pharmaceutical compounds were detected at low concentrations in 2.3% of 1231 samples of groundwater (median depth to top of screened interval in wells = 61 m) used for public drinking-water supply in California. Samples were collected statewide for the California State Water Resources Control Board's Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. Of 14 pharmaceutical compounds analyzed, 7 were detected at concentrations greater than or equal to method detection limits: acetaminophen (used as an analgesic, detection frequency 032%, maximum concentration 1.89 mu g/L), caffeine (stimulant, 0.24%, 029 mu g/L), carbamazepine (mood stabilizer, 1.5%, 0.42 mu g/L), codeine (opioid analgesic, 0.16%, 0214 mu g/L), p-xanthine (caffeine metabolite, 0.08%, 0.12 mu g/L), sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic, 0.41%, 0.17 mu g/L), and trimethoprim (antibiotic, 0.08%, 0.018 mu g/L.). Detection frequencies of pesticides (33%), volatile organic compounds not including trihalomethanes (23%), and trihalomethanes (28%) in the same 1231 samples were significantly higher. Median detected concentration of pharmaceutical compounds was similar to those of volatile organic compounds, and higher than that of pesticides.
Pharmaceutical compounds were detected in 33% of the 855 samples containing modern groundwater (tritium activity >0.2 TU). Pharmaceutical detections were significantly positively correlated with detections of urban-use herbicides and insecticides, detections of volatile organic compounds, and percentage of urban land use around wells. Groundwater from the Los Angeles metropolitan area had higher detection frequencies of pharmaceuticals and other anthropogenic compounds than groundwater from other areas of the state with similar proportions of urban land use. The higher detection frequencies may reflect that groundwater flow systems in Los Angeles area basins are dominated by engineered recharge and intensive groundwater pumping. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Fram, Miranda S.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 95101 USA.
RP Fram, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM mfram@usgs.gov; kbelitz@usgs.gov
OI Fram, Miranda/0000-0002-6337-059X
FU California State bonds
FX We thank the many well owners and water purveyors who graciously allowed
the USGS to collect samples from their wells; Barbara Dawson, Frank
Moseanko, Steve Schmitt, and others who conducted the field work; the
authors of USGS Data Series Reports for individual study units; and
Tyler Johnson for GIS support. This GAMA Priority Basin Project study is
part of the California State Water Resources Control Board's GAMA
Program, which is funded in part by California State bonds. This
manuscript was improved following technical reviews by four anonymous
reviewers. The use of brand names in this report is for identification
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 409
IS 18
BP 3409
EP 3417
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.053
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 799CC
UT WOS:000293260100018
PM 21684580
ER
PT J
AU Riget, F
Braune, B
Bignert, A
Wilson, S
Aars, J
Born, E
Dam, M
Dietz, R
Evans, M
Evans, T
Gamberg, M
Gantner, N
Green, N
Gunnlaugsdottir, H
Kannan, K
Letcher, R
Muir, D
Roach, P
Sonne, C
Stern, G
Wiig, O
AF Riget, Frank
Braune, Birgit
Bignert, Anders
Wilson, Simon
Aars, Jon
Born, Erik
Dam, Maria
Dietz, Rune
Evans, Marlene
Evans, Thomas
Gamberg, Mary
Gantner, Nikolaus
Green, Norman
Gunnlaugsdottir, Helga
Kannan, Kurunthachalam
Letcher, Robert
Muir, Derek
Roach, Pat
Sonne, Christian
Stern, Gary
Wiig, Oystein
TI Temporal trends of Hg in Arctic biota, an update
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Temporal trends; Mercury; Arctic; Biota
ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLAR BEARS; SEABIRD EGGS; MARINE BIOTA;
MERCURY; GREENLAND; NORTHERN; CANADA; CONTAMINANTS; METALS
AB A statistically robust method was applied to 83 time-series of mercury in Arctic biota from marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems with the purpose of generating a 'meta-analysis' of temporal trend data collected over the past two to three decades, mostly under the auspices of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP). Sampling locations ranged from Alaska in the west to northern Scandinavia in the east. Information from recently published temporal trend studies was tabulated to supplement the results of the statistical analyses. No generally consistent trend was evident across tissues and species from the circumpolar Arctic during the last 30 years or so. However, there was a clear west-to-east gradient in the occurrence of recent increasing Hg trends, with larger numbers and a higher proportion of biotic datasets in the Canadian and Greenland region of the Arctic showing significant increases than in the North Atlantic Arctic. Most of the increasing datasets were for marine species, especially marine mammals. A total of 16(19%) out of the 83 time-series could be classified as "adequate", where adequate is defined as the number of actual monitoring years in a time-series being equal to or greater than the number of years of sampling required to detect a 5% annual change in Hg concentrations, with a significance level of P<0.05 and 80% statistical power. At the time of the previous AMAP Assessment, only 10% of the Hg time-series were deemed adequate. If an additional 5 years of data were to be added to the current set of time-series, it is predicted that 53% of time-series would become adequate. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Riget, Frank; Dietz, Rune; Sonne, Christian] Aarhus Univ AAU, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
[Braune, Birgit; Letcher, Robert] Carleton Univ, Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
[Bignert, Anders] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Contaminant Res, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Wilson, Simon] Arctic Monitoring & Assessment Programme Secretar, N-0032 Oslo, Norway.
[Aars, Jon] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9007 Tromso, Norway.
[Born, Erik] Govt Greenland Representat Denmark, Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-1016 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Dam, Maria] Environm Agcy, FO-165 Argir, Faroe Islands, Denmark.
[Evans, Marlene] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
[Evans, Thomas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Gamberg, Mary] Gamberg Consulting, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 7A1, Canada.
[Gantner, Nikolaus] Univ Victoria, Environm Canada, Water & Climate Impact Res Ctr, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada.
[Green, Norman] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
[Gunnlaugsdottir, Helga] Matis Iceland Food & Biotech R&D, IS-113 Reykjavik, Iceland.
[Kannan, Kurunthachalam] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA.
[Muir, Derek] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
[Roach, Pat] No Contaminants Program, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2B5, Canada.
[Stern, Gary] Univ Crescent, Arctic Ecosyst Hlth 501, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
[Wiig, Oystein] Univ Oslo, Natl Ctr Biosystemat, Nat Hist Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway.
RP Riget, F (reprint author), Aarhus Univ AAU, Natl Environm Res Inst, Frederiksborgvej 399,POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
EM ffr@dmu.dk
RI Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012; Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Riget,
Frank/J-3245-2013; Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015;
Gantner, Nikolaus/F-6825-2013;
OI Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251; Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263;
Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776; Gantner, Nikolaus/0000-0001-7072-1397;
Gamberg, Mary/0000-0001-7291-5048
FU national programs
FX We would like to thank the national programs in the circumpolar
countries for their funding and support of this work, as well as the
community councils and hunters and trappers organizations in many
circumpolar regions for their cooperation and active participation in
the collection of biological samples. ICES in preparing data archived in
the AMAP marine thematic data centre at ICES is also gratefully
acknowledged.
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PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 409
IS 18
BP 3520
EP 3526
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.002
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 799CC
UT WOS:000293260100030
PM 21684574
ER
PT J
AU Gascoigne, WR
Hoag, D
Koontz, L
Tangen, BA
Shaffer, TL
Gleason, RA
AF Gascoigne, William R.
Hoag, Dana
Koontz, Lynne
Tangen, Brian A.
Shaffer, Terry L.
Gleason, Robert A.
TI Valuing ecosystem and economic services across land-use scenarios in the
Prairie Pothole Region of the Dakotas, USA
SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ecosystem services; Economic valuation; Value transfer; Land-use policy;
Native prairie; Grasslands
ID SOIL CARBON; CONSERVATION; BENEFITS; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT;
VALUATION; WETLANDS; SCALES; POLICY; GIS
AB This study uses biophysical values derived for the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North and South Dakota, in conjunction with value transfer methods, to assess environmental and economic tradeoffs under different policy-relevant land-use scenarios over a 20-year period. The ecosystem service valuation is carried out by comparing the biophysical and economic values of three focal services (i.e. carbon sequestration, reduction in sedimentation, and waterfowl production) across three focal land uses in the region [i.e. native prairie grasslands, lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs (CRP/WRP), and cropland]. This study finds that CRP/WRP lands cannot mitigate (hectare for hectare) the loss of native prairie from a social welfare standpoint. Land use scenarios where native prairie loss was minimized, and CRP/WRP lands were increased, provided the most societal benefit. The scenario modeling projected native prairie conversion to cropland over the next 20 years would result in a social welfare loss valued at over $4 billion when considering the study's three ecosystem services, and a net loss of about $3.4 billion when reductions in commodity production are accounted for. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Gascoigne, William R.; Koontz, Lynne] US Geol Survey, Policy Anal & Sci Assistance Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Hoag, Dana] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Tangen, Brian A.; Shaffer, Terry L.; Gleason, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
RP Gascoigne, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Policy Anal & Sci Assistance Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM gascoignew@usgs.gov; Dana.Hoag@colostate.edu; koontzl@usgs.gov;
btangen@usgs.gov; tshaffer@usgs.gov; rgleason@usgs.gov
OI Tangen, Brian/0000-0001-5157-9882
FU Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; Fort Collins Science Center
under the U.S. Geological Survey
FX This work was funded jointly by the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research
Center and Fort Collins Science Center under the U.S. Geological Survey.
Many other professionals helped in the formulation/completion of this
research and are deserving of acknowledgement, including Caleb Foy,
Patrick Flynn, Dr. Josh Goldstein, Dr. John Loomis, Dr. Steve Koontz and
Dr. Masdak Arabie of CSU, Dr. Ron Reynolds of USFWS, and Dr. Skip Hyberg
of USDA. The authors would also like to thank Mark Vandever and Dr.
Eihab Fathelrahman for an earlier review of the paper. Although these
individuals contributed to this report, the authors, alone, assume full
responsibilities for all the interpretations of the literature,
assumptions and conclusions in this document Any use of trade, product,
or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government
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PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-8009
J9 ECOL ECON
JI Ecol. Econ.
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 70
IS 10
BP 1715
EP 1725
DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.04.010
PG 11
WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics
GA 799CV
UT WOS:000293262000003
ER
PT J
AU Deng, YM
Nordstrom, DK
McCleskey, RB
AF Deng, Yamin
Nordstrom, D. Kirk
McCleskey, R. Blaine
TI Fluoride geochemistry of thermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I.
Aqueous fluoride speciation
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID SELECTIVE ELECTRODE; ACIDIC WATERS; ION ACTIVITY; RAIN WATER; ALUMINUM;
GROUNDWATERS; EQUILIBRIA; COMPLEXES; GENESIS; SYSTEMS
AB Thermal water samples from Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have a wide range of pH (1-10), temperature, and high concentrations of fluoride (up to 50 mg/l). High fluoride concentrations are found in waters with field pH higher than 6 (except those in Crater Hills) and temperatures higher than 50 degrees C based on data from more than 750 water samples covering most thermal areas in YNP from 1975 to 2008. In this study, more than 140 water samples from YNP collected in 2006-2009 were analyzed for free-fluoride activity by ion-selective electrode (ISE) method as an independent check on the reliability of fluoride speciation calculations. The free to total fluoride concentration ratio ranged from <1% at low pH values to >99% at high pH. The wide range in fluoride activity can be explained by strong complexing withH(+) and Al(3+) under acidic conditions and lack of complexing under basic conditions. Differences between the free-fluoride activities calculated with the WATEQ4F code and those measured by ISE were within 0.3-30% for more than 90% of samples at or above 10(-6) molar, providing corroboration for chemical speciation models for a wide range of pH and chemistry of YNP thermal waters. Calculated speciation results show that free fluoride, F(-), and major complexes (HF((aq))(0), AlF(2+), AlF(2)(+) and AlF(3)(0)) account for more than 95% of total fluoride. Occasionally, some complex species like AlF(4)(-), FeF(2+), FeF(2+), MgF(+) and BF(2)(OH)(2)(-) 2 may comprise 1-10% when the concentrations of the appropriate components are high. According to the simulation results by PHREEQC and calculated results, the ratio of main fluoride species to total fluoride varies as a function of pH and the concentrations and ratios of F and Al. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Deng, Yamin; Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Deng, Yamin] China Univ Geosci, MOE Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM dkn@usgs.gov
FU Water Resources Discipline, USGS; NSF [DEB 02030677]; NSFC [40830748]
FX The authors are grateful for the support of the National Research
Program of the Water Resources Discipline, USGS, and to the Biotic
Surveys and Inventories program of NSF Grant DEB 02030677 awarded to
Cristina Tackas-Vesbach and Anna-Louise Reysenbach. We are particularly
appreciative of the NPS staff of Yellowstone National Park who have been
generous in their time and helpful in all our endeavors to obtain hot
water samples in dangerous places. The visit of Dr. Yamin Deng at USGS
was financially supported by MOE111 project and NSFC(40830748). She
appreciates the suggestions and encouragements from Prof. Yanxin Wang of
China University of Geosciences and Prof. Shemin Ge of University of
Colorado, who have improved the manuscript. We appreciate greatly the
review comments from David Susong and David Roth of the USGS. Any use of
trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purpose only and does
not imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 62
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 16
BP 4476
EP 4489
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.028
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 795YJ
UT WOS:000293015500007
ER
PT J
AU Holloway, JM
Nordstrom, DK
Bohlke, JK
McCleskey, RB
Ball, JW
AF Holloway, JoAnn M.
Nordstrom, D. Kirk
Boehlke, J. K.
McCleskey, R. Blaine
Ball, James W.
TI Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes
affecting speciation and isotope fractionation
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFUSION METHOD; NITRIC-OXIDE; NITROGEN; GEOCHEMISTRY; QUANTIFICATION;
ADAPTATION; DISCHARGES; SUBDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; NITRATE
AB Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, largely in reduced form (NH4(T) approximate to NH4(aq)+ + NH3(aq)degrees), has been documented in thermal waters throughout Yellowstone National Park, with concentrations ranging from a few micromolar along the Firehole River to millimolar concentrations at Washburn Hot Springs. Indirect evidence from rock nitrogen analyses and previous work on organic compounds associated with Washburn Hot Springs and the Mirror Plateau indicate multiple sources for thermal water NH4(T), including Mesozoic marine sedimentary rocks, Eocene lacustrine deposits, and glacial deposits. A positive correlation between NH4(T) concentration and delta O-18 of thermal water indicates that boiling is an important mechanism for increasing concentrations of NH4(T) and other solutes in some areas. The isotopic composition of dissolved NH4(T) is highly variable (delta N-15= -6 parts per thousand to + 30 parts per thousand) and is positively correlated with pH values. In comparison to likely delta N-15 values of nitrogen source materials (+ 1 parts per thousand to + 7 parts per thousand), high delta N-15 values in hot springs with pH > 5 are attributed to isotope fractionation associated with NH3(aq)degrees loss by volatilization. NH4(T) in springs with low pH typically is relatively unfractionated, except for some acid springs with negative delta N-15 values that are attributed to NH3(g)degrees condensation. NH4(T) concentration and isotopic variations were evident spatially (between springs) and temporally (in individual springs). These variations are likely to be reflected in biomass and sediments associated with the hot springs and outflows. Elevated NH4(T) concentrations can persist for 10s to 1000s of meters in surface waters draining hot spring areas before being completely assimilated or oxidized. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Holloway, JoAnn M.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Ball, James W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA.
[Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
RP Holloway, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jholloway@usgs.gov
RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012;
OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668; McCleskey,
Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052
FU Water Resources Discipline, USGS; NSF [DEB02030677]
FX This project was supported by the National Research Program of the Water
Resources Discipline, USGS. We thank present and past Yellowstone
National Park Service staff for their science support efforts. Several
colleagues have assisted on field sampling trips including Phillip
Verplanck, Sara LoVetere, Maria Elvira Hernandez Garcia, Britta
Planer-Freidrich, Juliane Becker, Beate Bohme, Maria Rosario Pereira,
Nuno Duraes, and Maria Pilar Asta. Janet Hannon performed most of the
nitrogen isotopic analyses, with assistance from Haiping Qi and others.
Water isotopic analyses were provided by Tyler Coplen and
NH4(T) analyses were provided by Richard L. Smith with the
assistance of Charles Hart and Deborah Repert. Cristina Takacs-Vesbach
and Kendra Mitchell collected samples from Mirror Plateau and Violet Hot
Springs through work funded under the Biotic Surveys and Inventories
Program (NSF Grant DEB02030677 awarded to Cristina Takacs-Vesbach and
Anna-Louise Reysenbach). This work has benefitted from comments on
earlier drafts by Jacob Lowenstern, Neil Sturchio, Richard L. Smith,
James Crock, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or
product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the US Government.
NR 74
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 16
BP 4611
EP 4636
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.036
PG 26
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 795YJ
UT WOS:000293015500016
ER
PT J
AU Cahoon, DR
White, DA
Lynch, JC
AF Cahoon, Donald R.
White, David A.
Lynch, James C.
TI Sediment infilling and wetland formation dynamics in an active crevasse
splay of the Mississippi River delta
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Crevasse splay; Mississippi River delta; Wetlands; Accretion; Shallow
subsidence; Elevation
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSHES; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; VERTICAL ACCRETION;
COASTAL WETLANDS; SOIL ELEVATION; SUBSIDENCE; IMPACTS; ACCUMULATION;
LOUISIANA
AB Crevasse splay environments provide a mesocosm for evaluating wetland formation and maintenance processes on a decadal time scale. Site elevation, water levels, vertical accretion, elevation change, shallow subsidence, and plant biomass were measured at five habitats along an elevation gradient to evaluate wetland formation and development in Brant Pass Splay; an active crevasse splay of the Balize delta of the Mississippi River. The processes of vertical development (vertical accretion, elevation change, and shallow subsidence) were measured with the surface elevation table marker horizon method. There were three distinct stages to the accrual of elevation capital and wetland formation in the splay: sediment infilling, vegetative colonization, and development of a mature wetland community. Accretion, elevation gain, and shallow subsidence all decreased by an order of magnitude from the open water (lowest elevation) to the forest (highest elevation) habitats. Vegetative colonization occurred within the first growing season following emergence of the mud surface. An explosively high rate of below-ground production quickly stabilized the loosely consolidated sub-aerial sediments. After emergent vegetation colonization, vertical development slowed and maintenance of marsh elevation was driven both by sediment trapping by the vegetation and accumulation of plant organic matter in the soil. Continued vertical development and survival of the marsh then depended on the health and productivity of the plant community. The process of delta wetland formation is both complex and nonlinear. Determining the dynamics of wetland formation will help in understanding the processes driving the past building of the delta and in developing models for restoring degraded wetlands in the Mississippi River delta and other deltas around the world. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Cahoon, Donald R.; Lynch, James C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA.
[White, David A.] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
RP Cahoon, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM dcahoon@usgs.gov; dawhite@loyno.edu; jclynch@usgs.gov
NR 47
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U1 4
U2 40
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY
JI Geomorphology
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 131
IS 3-4
BP 57
EP 68
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.002
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 790FS
UT WOS:000292574500001
ER
PT J
AU Qi, HP
Coplen, TB
AF Qi, Haiping
Coplen, Tyler B.
TI Investigation of preparation techniques for delta H-2 analysis of
keratin materials and a proposed analytical protocol
SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; NONEXCHANGEABLE
HYDROGEN; HUMAN HAIR; ORGANIC MATERIALS; BONE-COLLAGEN; D/H RATIOS;
OXYGEN; EQUILIBRATION; MIGRATION
AB Accurate hydrogen isotopic measurements of keratin materials have been a challenge due to exchangeable hydrogen in the sample matrix and the paucity of appropriate isotopic reference materials for calibration. We found that the most reproducible delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) and mole fraction of exchangeable hydrogen, x(H)(ex), of keratin materials were measured with equilibration at ambient temperature using two desiccators and two different equilibration waters with two sets of the keratin materials for 6 days. Following equilibration, drying the keratin materials in a vacuum oven for 4 days at 60 degrees C was most critical. The delta H-2 analysis protocol also includes interspersing isotopic reference waters in silver tubes among samples in the carousel of a thermal conversion elemental analyzer (TC/EA) reduction unit. Using this analytical protocol, delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values of the non-exchangeable fractions of USGS42 and USGS43 human-hair isotopic reference materials were determined to be -78.5 +/- 2.3 parts per thousand and -50.3 +/- 2.8 parts per thousand, respectively. The measured x(H)(ex) values of keratin materials analyzed with steam equilibration and N-2 drying were substantially higher than those previously published, and dry N-2 purging was unable to remove absorbed moisture completely, even with overnight purging. The delta H-2 values of keratin materials measured with steam equilibration were about 10 parts per thousand lower than values determined with equilibration in desiccators at ambient temperatures when on-line evacuation was used to dry samples. With steam equilibrations the x(H)(ex) of commercial keratin powder was as high as 28 %. Using human-hair isotopic reference materials to calibrate other keratin materials, such as hoof or horn, can introduce bias in delta H-2 measurements because the amount of absorbed water and the x(H)(ex) values may differ from those of unknown samples. Correct delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values of the non-exchangeable fractions of unknown human-hair samples can be determined with atmospheric moisture equilibration by normalizing with USGS42 and USGS43 human-hair reference materials when all materials have the same powder size. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Qi, Haiping] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Qi, HP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM haipingq@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program
FX This manuscript has benefited from careful reviews by Helen Kreuzer
(Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA), Glendon B.
Hunsinger (visiting scientist at the Federal Bureau of Investigation,
Quantico, Virginia, USA), and three anonymous reviewers. The support of
the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report
possible. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 38
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U2 19
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0951-4198
J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP
JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 15
BP 2209
EP 2222
DI 10.1002/rcm.5095
PG 14
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 789XN
UT WOS:000292552800012
PM 21735504
ER
PT J
AU Li, AM
Huang, CQ
Sun, GQ
Shi, H
Toney, C
Zhu, ZL
Rollins, MG
Goward, SN
Masek, JG
AF Li, Among
Huang, Chengquan
Sun, Guoqing
Shi, Hua
Toney, Chris
Zhu, Zhiliang
Rollins, Matthew G.
Goward, Samuel N.
Masek, Jeffrey G.
TI Modeling the height of young forests regenerating from recent
disturbances in Mississippi using Landsat and ICESat data
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Young forest; Disturbance; Height modeling; VCT; LTSS; GLAS
ID CHANGE TRACKER MODEL; CANOPY HEIGHT; LASER ALTIMETER; TOPOGRAPHY
MISSION; MAPPING VEGETATION; NATURE-RESERVE; SHUTTLE RADAR; STAND
VOLUME; ETM+ DATA; LIDAR
AB Many forestry and earth science applications require spatially detailed forest height data sets. Among the various remote sensing technologies, lidar offers the most potential for obtaining reliable height measurement. However, existing and planned spaceborne lidar systems do not have the capability to produce spatially contiguous, fine resolution forest height maps over large areas. This paper describes a Landsat-lidar fusion approach for modeling the height of young forests by integrating historical Landsat observations with lidar data acquired by the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument onboard the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation (ICESat) satellite. In this approach, "young" forests refer to forests reestablished following recent disturbances mapped using Landsat time-series stacks (LTSS) and a vegetation change tracker (VCT) algorithm. The GLAS lidar data is used to retrieve forest height at sample locations represented by the footprints of the lidar data. These samples are used to establish relationships between lidar-based forest height measurements and LTSS-VCT disturbance products. The height of "young" forest is then mapped based on the derived relationships and the LTSS-VCT disturbance products. This approach was developed and tested over the state of Mississippi. Of the various models evaluated, a regression tree model predicting forest height from age since disturbance and three cumulative indices produced by the LTSS-VCT method yielded the lowest cross validation error. The R(2) and root mean square difference (RMSD) between predicted and GLAS-based height measurements were 0.91 and 1.97 m, respectively. Predictions of this model had much higher errors than indicated by cross validation analysis when evaluated using field plot data collected through the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program of USDA Forest Service. Much of these errors were due to a lack of separation between stand clearing and non-stand clearing disturbances in current LTSS-VCT products and difficulty in deriving reliable forest height measurements using GLAS samples when terrain relief was present within their footprints. In addition, a systematic underestimation of about 5 m by the developed model was also observed, half of which could be explained by forest growth that occurred between field measurement year and model target year. The remaining difference suggests that tree height measurements derived using waveform lidar data could be significantly underestimated, especially for young pine forests. Options for improving the height modeling approach developed in this study were discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Among; Huang, Chengquan; Sun, Guoqing; Goward, Samuel N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Li, Among] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
[Shi, Hua] ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Toney, Chris] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA.
[Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA.
[Rollins, Matthew G.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Huang, CQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM cqhuang@umd.edu
RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012;
OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798
FU U.S. Geological Survey; NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle
Science, and Applied Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences
[KZCX2-YW-QN313]; intergovernmental Wildland Fire Leadership Council of
the United States
FX Funding support for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological
Survey, and by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and
Applied Sciences Programs. Partial support was also provided by the
Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant
no. KZCX2-YW-QN313). It contributes to the North American Carbon
Program, and the joint USDA-DOI LANDFIRE project sponsored by the
intergovernmental Wildland Fire Leadership Council of the United States.
Portions of this work were performed in accordance with a memorandum of
understanding between the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of USDA
Forest Service and the interagency LANDFIRE program, in support of
vegetation structure mapping in LANDFIRE.
NR 89
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD AUG 15
PY 2011
VL 115
IS 8
BP 1837
EP 1849
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.001
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 785NJ
UT WOS:000292235400005
ER
PT J
AU Muto, A
Scambos, TA
Steffen, K
Slater, AG
Clow, GD
AF Muto, Atsuhiro
Scambos, Ted A.
Steffen, Konrad
Slater, Andrew G.
Clow, Gary D.
TI Recent surface temperature trends in the interior of East Antarctica
from borehole firn temperature measurements and geophysical inverse
methods
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; MODEL
AB We use measured firn temperatures down to depths of 80 to 90 m at four locations in the interior of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica to derive surface temperature histories spanning the past few decades using two different inverse methods. We find that the mean surface temperatures near the ice divide (the highest-elevation ridge of East Antarctic Ice Sheet) have increased approximately 1 to 1.5 K within the past similar to 50 years, although the onset and rate of this warming vary by site. Histories at two locations, NUS07-5 (78.65 degrees S, 35.64 degrees E) and NUS07-7 (82.07 degrees S, 54.89 degrees E), suggest that the majority of this warming took place in the past one or two decades. Slight cooling to no change was indicated at one location, NUS08-5 (82.63 degrees S, 17.87 degrees E), off the divide near the Recovery Lakes region. In the most recent decade, inversion results indicate both cooler and warmer periods at different sites due to high interannual variability and relatively high resolution of the inverted surface temperature histories. The overall results of our analysis fit a pattern of recent climate trends emerging from several sources of the Antarctic temperature reconstructions: there is a contrast in surface temperature trends possibly related to altitude in this part of East Antarctica. Citation: Muto, A., T. A. Scambos, K. Steffen, A. G. Slater, and G. D. Clow (2011), Recent surface temperature trends in the interior of East Antarctica from borehole firn temperature measurements and geophysical inverse methods, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15502, doi:10.1029/2011GL048086.
C1 [Muto, Atsuhiro; Scambos, Ted A.; Slater, Andrew G.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Steffen, Konrad] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Clow, Gary D.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[Muto, Atsuhiro; Steffen, Konrad] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Muto, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 408 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM aum34@psu.edu
RI Slater, Andrew/B-4666-2008; Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013;
OI Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026; SLATER, ANDREW/0000-0002-4009-4844;
Slater, Andrew/0000-0003-0480-8560
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OPP-0538103]
FX We would like to thank the members of the Traverse and personnel from
the Norwegian Polar Institute, Raytheon Polar Services Company, the
109th Air National Guard and the Antarctic Logistics Center
International for their help in the field. We are also grateful to Frank
Urban and Mark Ohms of the USGS for their help in calibrating
temperature sensors. Accumulation rate and density data were kindly
provided by Joe McConnell of the DRI, University of Nevada. We thank two
anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the text. This work
was financially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation grant
OPP-0538103 to the University of Colorado.
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U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 12
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L15502
DI 10.1029/2011GL048086
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 807PF
UT WOS:000293911500001
ER
PT J
AU Hanks, EM
Hooten, MB
Johnson, DS
Sterling, JT
AF Hanks, Ephraim M.
Hooten, Mevin B.
Johnson, Devin S.
Sterling, Jeremy T.
TI Velocity-Based Movement Modeling for Individual and Population Level
Inference
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID ANIMAL MOVEMENT; REVERSIBLE JUMP; RESOURCE SELECTION; HABITAT
PREFERENCE; TELEMETRY DATA; FRAMEWORK; ECOLOGY
AB Understanding animal movement and resource selection provides important information about the ecology of the animal, but an animal's movement and behavior are not typically constant in time. We present a velocity-based approach for modeling animal movement in space and time that allows for temporal heterogeneity in an animal's response to the environment, allows for temporal irregularity in telemetry data, and accounts for the uncertainty in the location information. Population-level inference on movement patterns and resource selection can then be made through cluster analysis of the parameters related to movement and behavior. We illustrate this approach through a study of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) movement in the Bering Sea, Alaska, USA. Results show sex differentiation, with female northern fur seals exhibiting stronger response to environmental variables.
C1 [Hanks, Ephraim M.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Johnson, Devin S.; Sterling, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Hanks, EM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM hanks@stat.colostate.edu
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [AB133F-09-SE-4640];
U.S. Geological Survey [1434-06HQRU1555]
FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration AB133F-09-SE-4640 and the U.S. Geological
Survey 1434-06HQRU1555. The funders had no role in study design, data
collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
NR 52
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U1 4
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PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD AUG 11
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 8
AR e22795
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022795
PG 17
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 808CS
UT WOS:000293953400014
PM 21931584
ER
PT J
AU Gardner, WP
Susong, DD
Solomon, DK
Heasler, HP
AF Gardner, W. Payton
Susong, David D.
Solomon, D. Kip
Heasler, Henry P.
TI A multitracer approach for characterizing interactions between shallow
groundwater and the hydrothermal system in the Norris Geyser Basin area,
Yellowstone National Park
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE chemistry; groundwater; heat flow; residence time distribution; springs;
tectonics
ID USA; GEOCHEMISTRY; EQUILIBRIA; DISCHARGE; PLATEAU; SPRINGS; RIVER; FLOW
AB Multiple environmental tracers are used to investigate age distribution, evolution, and mixing in local- to regional-scale groundwater circulation around the Norris Geyser Basin area in Yellowstone National Park. Springs ranging in temperature from 3 degrees C to 90 degrees C in the Norris Geyser Basin area were sampled for stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, major and minor element chemistry, dissolved chlorofluorocarbons, and tritium. Groundwater near Norris Geyser Basin is comprised of two distinct systems: a shallow, cool water system and a deep, high-temperature hydrothermal system. These two end-member systems mix to create springs with intermediate temperature and composition. Using multiple tracers from a large number of springs, it is possible constrain the distribution of possible flow paths and refine conceptual models of groundwater circulation in and around a large, complex hydrothermal system.
C1 [Gardner, W. Payton; Solomon, D. Kip] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Gardner, W. Payton] CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia.
[Susong, David D.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA.
[Heasler, Henry P.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA.
RP Gardner, WP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 115 South,1460 East,Room 383, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM payton.gardner@csiro.au
RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016
OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124
FU National Park Service
FX We would like to thank Jake Lowenstern, Shaul Hurwitz, Bill Evans, and
two anonymous reviewers for the helpful input in making this paper a
better product. Alan Rigby and the folks at the Utah Dissolved Gas Lab
were instrumental in producing quality data. This project was funded in
part by the National Park Service.
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U1 0
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD AUG 10
PY 2011
VL 12
AR Q08005
DI 10.1029/2010GC003353
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 807QF
UT WOS:000293914100001
ER
PT J
AU Wanless, VD
Perfit, MR
Ridley, WI
Wallace, PJ
Grimes, CB
Klein, EM
AF Wanless, V. D.
Perfit, M. R.
Ridley, W. I.
Wallace, P. J.
Grimes, C. B.
Klein, E. M.
TI Volatile abundances and oxygen isotopes in basaltic to dacitic lavas on
mid-ocean ridges: The role of assimilation at spreading centers
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Assimilation; Chlorine; Dacite; Mid-ocean ridge; Oxygen isotopes;
Volatiles
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; CARBON-DIOXIDE SOLUBILITIES; MELT SUPPLY BENEATH;
UPPER-MANTLE ROCKS; OCEANIC-CRUST; MAGMA CHAMBER; FRACTIONAL
CRYSTALLIZATION; LOIHI SEAMOUNT; MAJOR-ELEMENT; ABYSSAL LAVAS
AB Most geochemical variability in MOR basalts is consistent with low- to moderate-pressure fractional crystallization of various mantle-derived parental melts. However, our geochemical data from MOR high-silica glasses, including new volatile and oxygen isotope data, suggest that assimilation of altered crustal material plays a significant role in the petrogenesis of dacites and may be important in the formation of basaltic lavas at MOR in general. MOR high-silica andesites and dacites from diverse areas show remarkably similar major element trends, incompatible trace element enrichments, and isotopic signatures suggesting similar processes control their chemistry. In particular, very high Cl and elevated H(2)O concentrations and relatively light oxygen isotope ratios (similar to 5.8 parts per thousand vs. expected values of similar to 6.8 parts per thousand) in fresh dacite glasses can be explained by contamination of magmas from a component of ocean crust altered by hydrothermal fluids. Crystallization of silicate phases and Fe-oxides causes an increase in delta(18)O in residual magma, but assimilation of material initially altered at high temperatures results in lower delta(18)O values. The observed geochemical signatures can be explained by extreme fractional crystallization of a MOR basalt parent combined with partial melting and assimilation (AFC) of amphibole-bearing altered oceanic crust. The MOR dacitic lavas do not appear to be simply the extrusive equivalent of oceanic plagiogranites. The combination of partial melting and assimilation produces a distinct geochemical signature that includes higher incompatible trace element abundances and distinct trace element ratios relative to those observed in plagiogranites. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wanless, V. D.; Perfit, M. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Ridley, W. I.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Ridley, W. I.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA.
[Wallace, P. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
[Grimes, C. B.] Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Klein, E. M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Grimes, C. B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Wanless, VD (reprint author), WHOI, Dept Geol & Geophys, MS 24, Woods Hole, MA 02541 USA.
EM dwanless@whoi.edu
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0527075, OCE-0526120, EAR-0509639,
0838058]; Department of Energy [93ER14389]
FX We thank the captain, officers and crew of the RN Atlantis for all their
help during cruise AT15-17, the MEDUSA2007 Science party (including S.
White, K. Von Damm, D. Fornari, A. Soule, S. Carmichael, K. Sims, A.
Zaino, A. Fundis, J. Mason, J. O'Brien, C. Waters, F. Mansfield, K.
Neely, J. Laliberte, E. Goehring, and L. Preston) for their diligence in
collecting data and samples for this study. We thank the Jason II
shipboard and shore-based operations group for their assistance in
collecting these data and HMR for processing all DSL-120 sidescan and
bathymetry collected during this cruise. Special thanks to J. W. Valley
and the Stable Isotopes Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for
oxygen isotope analyses and thoughtful discussion throughout the
preparation of this manuscript. Thanks to G. Kamenov and the UF Center
for Isotope Geoscience for laboratory assistance. This manuscript
benefited greatly from thoughtful and detailed reviews by Peter Michael
and an anonymous reviewer. This research was supported by the National
Science Foundation (grants OCE-0527075 to MRP, OCE-0526120 to EMK,
EAR-0509639, 0838058 to JWV for laser fluorination) and the Department
of Energy (grant 93ER14389 to JWV).
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD AUG 7
PY 2011
VL 287
IS 1-2
BP 54
EP 65
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.017
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 809CS
UT WOS:000294030000004
ER
PT J
AU Santos, IR
Burnett, WC
Misra, S
Suryaputra, IGNA
Chanton, JP
Dittmar, T
Peterson, RN
Swarzenski, PW
AF Santos, Isaac R.
Burnett, William C.
Misra, Sambuddha
Suryaputra, I. G. N. A.
Chanton, Jeffrey P.
Dittmar, Thorsten
Peterson, Richard N.
Swarzenski, Peter W.
TI Uranium and barium cycling in a salt wedge subterranean estuary: The
influence of tidal pumping
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Permeable sediments; Heavy metals; Advection; Coastal aquifer, radon;
Porewater; Radium isotopes
ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DISSOLVED TRACE-METALS;
RADIUM ISOTOPES; MIXING ZONE; COASTAL WATERS; PORE-WATER; GEOCHEMICAL
TRACERS; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; ATLANTIC-OCEAN
AB The contribution of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to oceanic metal budgets is only beginning to be explored. Here, we demonstrate that biogeochemical processes in a northern Florida subterranean estuary (STE) significantly alter U and Ba concentrations entering the coastal ocean via SGD. Tidal pumping controlled the distribution of dissolved metals in shallow beach groundwater. Hourly observations of intertidal groundwaters revealed high U and low Ba concentrations at high tide as a result of seawater infiltration into the coastal aquifer. During ebb tide. U decreased and Ba increased due to freshwater dilution and, more importantly, biogeochemical reactions that removed U and added Ba to solution. U removal was apparently a result of precipitation following the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV). A significant correlation between Ba and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in shallow beach groundwaters implied a common source, likely the mineralization of marine particulate organic matter driven into the beach face by tidal pumping. In deeper groundwaters, where the labile organic matter had been depleted, Ba correlated with Mn. We estimate that net SGD fluxes were -163 and + 1660 mu mol m(-1) d(-1) for U and Ba, respectively (or -1 and +8 mu mol m(-2) d(-1) if a 200-m wide seepage area is considered). Our results support the emerging concept that subterranean estuaries are natural biogeochemical reactors where metal concentrations are altered relative to conservative mixing between terrestrial and marine endmembers. These deviations from conservative mixing significantly influence SGD-derived trace metal fluxes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Santos, Isaac R.] So Cross Univ, Ctr Coastal Biogeochem, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
[Santos, Isaac R.; Burnett, William C.; Misra, Sambuddha; Suryaputra, I. G. N. A.; Chanton, Jeffrey P.; Dittmar, Thorsten; Peterson, Richard N.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Dittmar, Thorsten] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Max Planck Res Grp Marine Geochem, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
[Peterson, Richard N.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Ctr Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29528 USA.
[Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Santos, IR (reprint author), So Cross Univ, Ctr Coastal Biogeochem, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
EM isaac.santos@scu.edu.au
RI Dittmar, Thorsten/L-7796-2013;
OI Dittmar, Thorsten/0000-0002-3462-0107; Suryaputra, I Gusti Ngurah
Agung/0000-0003-2474-4736; Santos, Isaac/0000-0003-0524-842X
FU NSF [OCE05-20723]; ARC [LP100200731, DP110103638]
FX This project was sponsored by NSF (OCE05-20723). Benjamin Mwashote and
Natasha Dimova provided valuable help throughout this project. Philip
Froelich kindly allowed us to use his ICP to perform metal analysis. PWS
thanks the USGS Coastal Marine and Geology program for continued
support. We thank the Florida State University Coastal and Marine
Laboratory (FSUCML) personnel for their helpful support. IRS
acknowledges support of ARC grants during the preparation of this
manuscript (LP100200731 and DP110103638). Two anonymous reviewers and
the editor provided valuable comments.
NR 76
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Z9 24
U1 7
U2 54
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
EI 1878-5999
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD AUG 7
PY 2011
VL 287
IS 1-2
BP 114
EP 123
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.06.005
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 809CS
UT WOS:000294030000009
ER
PT J
AU Toda, S
Stein, RS
Lin, J
AF Toda, Shinji
Stein, Ross S.
Lin, Jian
TI Widespread seismicity excitation throughout central Japan following the
2011 M=9.0 Tohoku earthquake and its interpretation by Coulomb stress
transfer
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUNDA TRENCH; MAGNITUDE
AB We report on a broad and unprecedented increase in seismicity rate following the M=9.0 Tohoku mainshock for M >= 2 earthquakes over inland Japan, parts of the Japan Sea and Izu islands, at distances of up to 425 km from the locus of high (>= 15 m) seismic slip on the megathrust. Such an increase was not seen for the 2004 M=9.1 Sumatra or 2010 M=8.8 Chile earthquakes, but they lacked the seismic networks necessary to detect such small events. Here we explore the possibility that the rate changes are the product of static Coulomb stress transfer to small faults. We use the nodal planes of M >= 3.5 earthquakes as proxies for such small active faults, and find that of fifteen regions averaging similar to 80 by 80 km in size, 11 show a positive association between calculated stress changes and the observed seismicity rate change, 3 show a negative correlation, and for one the changes are too small to assess. This work demonstrates that seismicity can turn on in the nominal stress shadow of a mainshock as long as small geometrically diverse active faults exist there, which is likely quite common. Citation: Toda, S., R. S. Stein, and J. Lin (2011), Widespread seismicity excitation throughout central Japan following the 2011 M=9.0 Tohoku earthquake and its interpretation by Coulomb stress transfer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L00G03, doi:10.1029/2011GL047834.
C1 [Toda, Shinji] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
[Lin, Jian] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Toda, S (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
NR 19
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U1 2
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 6
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L00G03
DI 10.1029/2011GL047834
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 804JZ
UT WOS:000293651400002
ER
PT J
AU Huang, SL
Young, C
Feng, M
Heidemann, K
Cushing, M
Mushet, DM
Liu, SG
AF Huang, Shengli
Young, Claudia
Feng, Min
Heidemann, Karl
Cushing, Matthew
Mushet, David M.
Liu, Shuguang
TI Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the
estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region
wetlands
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Prairie Pothole Region; Wetland; Flood; LiDAR; Digital elevation
ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; COTTONWOOD LAKE AREA; NORTH-DAKOTA; DROUGHT;
WATER; DEPRESSIONS; CLIMATE; FLUCTUATIONS; EQUATIONS; HYDROLOGY
AB Recent flood events in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America have stimulated interest in modeling water storage capacities of wetlands and their surrounding catchments to facilitate flood mitigation efforts. Accurate estimates of basin storage capacities have been hampered by a lack of high-resolution elevation data. In this paper, we developed a 0.5 m bare-earth model from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and, in combination with National Wetlands Inventory data, delineated wetland catchments and their spilling points within a 196 km(2) study area. We then calculated the maximum water storage capacity of individual basins and modeled the connectivity among these basins. When compared to field survey results, catchment and spilling point delineations from the LiDAR bare-earth model captured subtle landscape features very well. Of the 11 modeled spilling points, 10 matched field survey spilling points. The comparison between observed and modeled maximum water storage had an R(2) of 0.87 with mean absolute error of 5564 m(3). Since maximum water storage capacity of basins does not translate into floodwater regulation capability, we further developed a Basin Floodwater Regulation Index. Based upon this index, the absolute and relative water that could be held by wetlands over a landscape could be modeled. This conceptual model of floodwater downstream contribution was demonstrated with water level data from 17 May 2008. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Heidemann, Karl; Liu, Shuguang] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Huang, Shengli] US Geol Survey USGS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Young, Claudia] Earth Resources Technol ERT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Feng, Min] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
[Feng, Min] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Cushing, Matthew] SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Mushet, David M.] USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
RP Liu, SG (reprint author), USGS EROS, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM sliu@usgs.gov
FU USGS [G08PC91508, G1OPC00044, 08HQCN0005]; US Department of Agriculture;
US Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM); Global
Change Research and Development Programs
FX 1 Work performed under USGS Contract G08PC91508. 2 Work performed under
USGS Contract G1OPC00044. 3 Work performed under USGS Contract
08HQCN0005.; This work was supported by US Department of Agriculture's
Conservation Effects Assessment Program (CEAP)-Wetlands, the US
Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM), and the
Global Change Research and Development Programs. The authors greatly
thank Dr. Robert Gleason and Mr. Brian Tangen for data analysis support.
The authors also give special thanks to Dr. Yiping Wu, Dr. Suming Jin,
and Dr. Larry Tieszen for their constructive comments and Mr. Craig
Walters for improving the English. Any use of trade, product, or firm
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
the US Government.
NR 45
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U1 1
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD AUG 5
PY 2011
VL 405
IS 3-4
BP 417
EP 426
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.040
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 809VZ
UT WOS:000294086100016
ER
PT J
AU McEwen, AS
Ojha, L
Dundas, CM
Mattson, SS
Byrne, S
Wray, JJ
Cull, SC
Murchie, SL
Thomas, N
Gulick, VC
AF McEwen, Alfred S.
Ojha, Lujendra
Dundas, Colin M.
Mattson, Sarah S.
Byrne, Shane
Wray, James J.
Cull, Selby C.
Murchie, Scott L.
Thomas, Nicolas
Gulick, Virginia C.
TI Seasonal Flows on Warm Martian Slopes
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GULLY ACTIVITY; MARS; STABILITY; EVAPORATION; STREAKS; BRINES; WET
AB Water probably flowed across ancient Mars, but whether it ever exists as a liquid on the surface today remains debatable. Recurring slope lineae (RSL) are narrow (0.5 to 5 meters), relatively dark markings on steep (25 degrees to 40 degrees) slopes; repeat images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment show them to appear and incrementally grow during warm seasons and fade in cold seasons. They extend downslope from bedrock outcrops, often associated with small channels, and hundreds of them form in some rare locations. RSL appear and lengthen in the late southern spring and summer from 48 degrees S to 32 degrees S latitudes favoring equator-facing slopes, which are times and places with peak surface temperatures from similar to 250 to 300 kelvin. Liquid brines near the surface might explain this activity, but the exact mechanism and source of water are not understood.
C1 [McEwen, Alfred S.; Ojha, Lujendra; Mattson, Sarah S.; Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Wray, James J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Cull, Selby C.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Thomas, Nicolas] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland.
[Gulick, Virginia C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Gulick, Virginia C.] SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP McEwen, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu
RI Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; Ojha, Lujendra/B-2805-2013; Wray,
James/B-8457-2008; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015;
OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751;
Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224
FU NASA
FX This research was supported by NASA's MRO project; we thank them along
with the reviewers. All original data reported in this paper are
tabulated in the SOM and archived by NASA's Planetary Data System.
NR 31
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U2 80
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD AUG 5
PY 2011
VL 333
IS 6043
BP 740
EP 743
DI 10.1126/science.1204816
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 802LH
UT WOS:000293512100038
PM 21817049
ER
PT J
AU Misra, V
Moeller, L
Stefanova, L
Chan, S
O'Brien, JJ
Smith, TJ
Plant, N
AF Misra, Vasubandhu
Moeller, Lauren
Stefanova, Lydia
Chan, Steven
O'Brien, James J.
Smith, Thomas J., III
Plant, Nathaniel
TI The influence of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Florida panhandle sea
breeze
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL; CONVECTION
AB In this paper we examine the variations of the boreal summer season sea breeze circulation along the Florida panhandle coast from relatively high resolution (10 km) regional climate model integrations. The 23 year climatology (1979-2001) of the multidecadal dynamically downscaled simulations forced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Department of Energy (NCEP-DOE) Reanalysis II at the lateral boundaries verify quite well with the observed climatology. The variations at diurnal and interannual time scales are also well simulated with respect to the observations. We show from composite analyses made from these downscaled simulations that sea breezes in northwestern Florida are associated with changes in the size of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) on interannual time scales. In large AWP years when the North Atlantic Subtropical High becomes weaker and moves further eastward relative to the small AWP years, a large part of the southeast U.S. including Florida comes under the influence of relatively strong anomalous low-level northerly flow and large-scale subsidence consistent with the theory of the Sverdrup balance. This tends to suppress the diurnal convection over the Florida panhandle coast in large AWP years. This study is also an illustration of the benefit of dynamic downscaling in understanding the low-frequency variations of the sea breeze.
C1 [Misra, Vasubandhu; Moeller, Lauren] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Misra, Vasubandhu; Moeller, Lauren; Stefanova, Lydia; Chan, Steven; O'Brien, James J.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Plant, Nathaniel] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Misra, V (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM vmisra@fsu.edu
RI stefanova, lydia/B-2759-2013;
OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672
FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310221]; USDA CDC [5U01EH000421, G10AC00149]; United
States Geological Survey; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science
Center
FX We acknowledge the resources of the Computational and Information
Systems Laboratory of NCAR to obtain some of the observational data sets
used for verification in this study. This research is supported by the
NOAA grant NA07OAR4310221, USDA CDC grant 5U01EH000421, and contract
G10AC00149, from the United States Geological Survey. T.J.S. III was
supported by the USGS project, "La Florida: A Land of Flowers along a
Latitude of Deserts" from the National Climate Change and Wildlife
Science Center. The paper's contents are solely the responsibility of
the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USGS,
USDA, CDC, or NOAA. We also acknowledge the support of the Florida State
University high-performance computing center, where all the computations
in the paper were conducted.
NR 24
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U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD AUG 4
PY 2011
VL 116
AR D00Q06
DI 10.1029/2010JD015367
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 804LS
UT WOS:000293655900001
ER
PT J
AU Loughman, ZJ
Simon, TP
Welsh, SA
AF Loughman, Zachary J.
Simon, Thomas P.
Welsh, Stuart A.
TI Cambarus (Puncticambarus) smilax, a new species of crayfish (Crustacea:
Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Greenbrier River basin of West Virginia
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
LA English
DT Article
DE Appalachian Mountains; biogeography; endemic species; morphometrics
ID NORTH-CAROLINA; CONSERVATION; HISTORY
AB Cambarus (Puncticambarus) smilax is a stream-dwelling crayfish that appears to be endemic to the Greenbrier River basin in the Valley and Ridge province of West Virginia. Within the Greenbrier system it occurs primarily in tributaries to the Greenbrier mainstem, with stable populations in the East and West Fork, and Thorny, Knapp, and Deer creeks. The new species is morphologically most similar to C. (P.) robustus, from which it can be distinguished by a combination of the following characters: adult palm length comprising 73-76% of palm width as opposed to 63-70% in C. (P.) robustus; ventral surface of chela of cheliped with 0-2 subpalmar tubercles compared to 3-6 subpalmar tubercles in C. (P.) robust us; lack of tubercles on the dorsal surface of chela; longer, more tapering, less rectangular rostrum (47-52% rostrum width/length ratio) compared to C. (P.) robustus shorter, less tapering rectangular rostrum (54-63% rostrum width/length ratio); and the central projection of the form-I male gonopod curved <= 90 degrees to the shaft.
C1 [Loughman, Zachary J.] W Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, W Liberty, WV 26074 USA.
[Simon, Thomas P.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA.
[Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP Loughman, ZJ (reprint author), W Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, Campus Serv Ctr Box 139, W Liberty, WV 26074 USA.
EM zloughman@westliberty.edu
RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012;
OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703
FU West Liberty University Foundation; WVDNR, Wildlife Resources Section
FX We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers and John Cooper whose
suggestions improved the overall quality of the manuscript. Financial
support was provided by the West Liberty University Foundation and
through a Cooperative Research, Education, and Management Grant from the
WVDNR, Wildlife Resources Section, Wildlife Diversity Program.
NR 26
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U1 0
U2 8
PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON
PI WASHINGTON
PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 0006-324X
EI 1943-6327
J9 P BIOL SOC WASH
JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
PD AUG 2
PY 2011
VL 124
IS 2
BP 99
EP 111
PG 13
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 805XY
UT WOS:000293765600006
ER
PT J
AU Zug, GR
Gotte, SW
Jacobs, JF
AF Zug, George R.
Gotte, Steve W.
Jacobs, Jeremy F.
TI Pythons in Burma: Short-tailed python (Reptilia: Squamata)
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
LA English
DT Article
DE biogeography; herpetofauna; morphometrics; scalation
ID SOUTHEAST-ASIA; CONSERVATION; AMPHIBIANS
AB Short-tailed pythons, Python curtus species group, occur predominantly in the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. The discovery of an adult female in Mon State, Myanmar, led to a review of the distribution of all group members (spot-mapping of all localities of confirmed occurrence) and an examination of morphological variation in P. brongersmai. The resulting maps demonstrate a limited occurrence of these pythons within peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo with broad absences in these regions. Our small samples limit the recognition of regional differentiation in the morphology of P. brongersmai populations; however, the presence of unique traits in the Myanmar python and its strong allopatry indicate that it is a unique genetic lineage, and it is described as Python kyaiktiyo new species.
C1 [Zug, George R.; Jacobs, Jeremy F.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Gotte, Steve W.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
RP Zug, GR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
EM zugg@si.edu
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U1 0
U2 1
PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON
PI WASHINGTON
PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 0006-324X
J9 P BIOL SOC WASH
JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
PD AUG 2
PY 2011
VL 124
IS 2
BP 112
EP 136
PG 25
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 805XY
UT WOS:000293765600007
ER
PT J
AU Greskowiak, J
Hay, MB
Prommer, H
Liu, CX
Post, VEA
Ma, R
Davis, JA
Zheng, CM
Zachara, JM
AF Greskowiak, Janek
Hay, Michael B.
Prommer, Henning
Liu, Chongxuan
Post, Vincent E. A.
Ma, Rui
Davis, James A.
Zheng, Chunmiao
Zachara, John M.
TI Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and
hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID PORE-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; MASS-TRANSFER; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; SOLUTE
TRANSPORT; VADOSE ZONE; URANIUM(VI); DESORPTION; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION;
HANFORD
AB Coupled intragrain diffusional mass transfer and nonlinear surface complexation processes play an important role in the transport behavior of U(VI) in contaminated aquifers. Two alternative model approaches for simulating these coupled processes were analyzed and compared: (1) the physical nonequilibrium approach that explicitly accounts for aqueous speciation and instantaneous surface complexation reactions in the intragrain regions and approximates the diffusive mass exchange between the immobile intragrain pore water and the advective pore water as multirate first-order mass transfer and (2) the chemical nonequilibrium approach that approximates the diffusion-limited intragrain surface complexation reactions by a set of multiple first-order surface complexation reaction kinetics, thereby eliminating the explicit treatment of aqueous speciation in the intragrain pore water. A model comparison has been carried out for column and field scale scenarios, representing the highly transient hydrological and geochemical conditions in the U(VI)-contaminated aquifer at the Hanford 300A site, Washington, USA. It was found that the response of U(VI) mass transfer behavior to hydrogeochemically induced changes in U(VI) adsorption strength was more pronounced in the physical than in the chemical nonequilibrium model. The magnitude of the differences in model behavior depended particularly on the degree of disequilibrium between the advective and immobile phase U(VI) concentrations. While a clear difference in U(VI) transport behavior between the two models was noticeable for the column-scale scenarios, only minor differences were found for the Hanford 300A field scale scenarios, where the model-generated disequilibrium conditions were less pronounced as a result of frequent groundwater flow reversals.
C1 [Greskowiak, Janek; Prommer, Henning] CSIRO Land & Water, Wembley, WA, Australia.
[Greskowiak, Janek] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Working Grp Hydrogeol & Landscape Hydrol, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
[Hay, Michael B.; Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Prommer, Henning] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
[Liu, Chongxuan; Zachara, John M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
[Ma, Rui; Zheng, Chunmiao] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
[Post, Vincent E. A.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
[Davis, James A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Greskowiak, J (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, Wembley, WA, Australia.
EM janek.greskowiak@uni-oldenburg.de
RI Prommer, Henning/A-4555-2008; Post, Vincent/E-6054-2011; Liu,
Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; Zheng, Chunmiao/I-5257-2014; Davis,
James/G-2788-2015; Greskowiak, Janek/F-4198-2012
OI Prommer, Henning/0000-0002-8669-8184; Post, Vincent/0000-0002-9463-3081;
Zheng, Chunmiao/0000-0001-5839-1305;
FU CSIRO; US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental
Research (BER)
FX We very much thank Aaron McDonough for preparing the parallel version of
PHT3D, National Computational Infrastructure (NCI) Facility of Australia
and iVEC, Western Australia, as well as Richard Silberstein (CSIRO) for
providing high performance computing resources. This research was
supported by a CSIRO OCE postdoctoral fellowship for JG; and by the US
Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research
(BER) Subsurface Biogeochemistry Research Program (SBR) through the
Hanford Integrated Field Research Challenge.
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U1 5
U2 40
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD AUG 2
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W08501
DI 10.1029/2010WR010118
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 804JF
UT WOS:000293649400001
ER
PT J
AU Lovich, JE
Ennen, JR
Madrak, S
Meyer, K
Loughran, C
Bjurlin, C
Arundel, T
Turner, W
Jones, C
Groenendaal, GM
AF Lovich, Jeffrey E.
Ennen, Joshua R.
Madrak, Sheila
Meyer, Kathie
Loughran, Caleb
Bjurlin, Curtis
Arundel, Terry
Turner, Wendy
Jones, Cristina
Groenendaal, Gayle M.
TI EFFECTS OF WIND ENERGY PRODUCTION ON GROWTH, DEMOGRAPHY, AND
SURVIVORSHIP OF A DESERT TORTOISE (GOPHERUS AGASSIZII) POPULATION IN
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WITH COMPARISONS TO NATURAL POPULATIONS
SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE demography; Desert Tortoise; growth; renewable energy; survivorship;
wind energy
ID COMMON RAVEN PREDATION; WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT; EGG-PRODUCTION;
CATCH-CURVE; SIZE; AGE; MATURITY; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; TURTLES
AB We studied a Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) population at a large wind energy generation facility near Palm Springs, California over six field seasons from 1997 to 2010. We compared growth and demographic parameters to populations living in less disturbed areas; as well as populations of the closely-related and newly-described G. morafkai elsewhere in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. We marked 69 individuals of all size classes and estimated a population size of 96 tortoises, or about 15.4/km(2). Growth rates for males were lower than reported elsewhere, although maximum body size was larger. The smallest female with shelled eggs was 221 mm and males mature at over 200 mm. Mean male size was greater than that of females. The adult sex ratio was not significantly different from unity. Size frequency histograms were similar over time and when compared to most, but not all, G. morafkai populations in the Sonoran Desert. For a cohort of adult females, we estimated mortality at 8.4% annually due, in part, to site operations. This value was low in comparison to many other populations during the same time period. Other than possible differences in growth rate of males and the high survivorship of females, there appear to be few differences between this population and those in more natural areas. The high productivity of food plants at the site and its limited public access may contribute to the overall stability of the population. However, the effects of utility-scale renewable energy development on tortoises in other, less productive, areas are unknown. Additional research (especially controlled and replicated before and after studies) is urgently needed to address this deficiency because of forecasted expansion of utility-scale renewable energy development in the future.
C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Ennen, Joshua R.; Loughran, Caleb; Arundel, Terry] No Arizona Univ, SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Ennen, Joshua R.] Maryville Coll, Dept Biol, Maryville, TN 37804 USA.
[Madrak, Sheila] San Diego State Univ UC Davis, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Meyer, Kathie] US Forest Serv, Lytle Creek, CA 92358 USA.
[Bjurlin, Curtis] Wind Capital Grp, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
[Turner, Wendy] ECORP Consulting Inc, San Diego, CA 92123 USA.
[Jones, Cristina] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Nongame Branch, Turtles Project, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA.
RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Appl Res & Dev Bldg,Suite 150,POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov; jennen@usgs.gov; svmadrak@gmail.com;
kpmeyer@fs.fed.us; cloughran@usgs.gov; curtbjurlin@gmail.com;
weturner1@hotmail.com; CJones@azgfd.gov
OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831
FU California Energy Commission; California Desert District Office of the
Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office
of BLM; Joshua Tree National Park
FX Many people assisted us during the course of this study. Field support
for this project was provided by interns from the Student Conservation
Association and volunteers too numerous to list. Special thanks to
Ramona Daniels, Rowland Griese, Mark Massar, and Gavin Wright for their
long commitment to the support of our project. Mart Westbrooks and Kip
Madsen allowed us to use their veterinary facilities to process
X-radiographs. Charlie Porter and Annette Burvick of the Flagstaff
Medical Center also provided access to processing facilities. Research
was supported by the California Energy Commission-Public Interest Energy
Research (PIER) Program, California Desert District Office of the Bureau
of Land Management (BLM), the Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of
BLM, and Joshua Tree National Park. Research was conducted under permits
from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish
and Game, and the BLM. We are grateful to the Institutional Animal Care
and Use Committee of Northern Arizona University for reviewing and
approving our research procedures. Earlier versions of the manuscript
benefitted greatly from comments offered by David Germano and Bruce
Bury. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 91
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U1 2
U2 30
PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY
PI CORVALLIS
PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA
SN 1931-7603
J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO
JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 2
BP 161
EP 174
PG 14
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 893UK
UT WOS:000300381600001
ER
PT J
AU Chelgren, ND
Samora, B
Adams, MJ
McCreary, B
AF Chelgren, Nathan D.
Samora, Barbara
Adams, Michael J.
McCreary, Brome
TI USING SPATIOTEMPORAL MODELS AND DISTANCE SAMPLING TO MAP THE SPACE USE
AND ABUNDANCE OF NEWLY METAMORPHOSED WESTERN TOADS (ANAXYRUS BOREAS)
SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Anaxyrus boreas; Bayesian estimation; distance sampling; juvenile;
metamorphosis; variable-distance line-transect; Western Toad; WinBUGS
ID TROPICAL AUSTRALIA; BUFO-MARINUS; ACTIVITY METABOLISM; SPATIAL MODELS;
FROGS; POPULATION; DISPERSAL; SIZE; EMIGRATION; PATTERNS
AB High variability in abundance, cryptic coloration, and small body size of newly metamorphosed anurans have limited demographic studies of this life-history stage. We used line-transect distance sampling and Bayesian methods to estimate the abundance and spatial distribution of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) in terrestrial habitat surrounding a montane lake in central Washington, USA. We completed 154 line-transect surveys from the commencement of metamorphosis (15 September 2009) to the date of first snow accumulation in fall (1 October 2009), and located 543 newly metamorphosed toads. After accounting for variable detection probability associated with the extent of barren habitats, estimates of total surface abundance ranged from a posterior median of 3,880 (95% credible intervals from 2,235 to 12,600) in the first week of sampling to 12,150 (5,543 to 51,670) during the second week of sampling. Numbers of newly metamorphosed toads dropped quickly with increasing distance from the lakeshore in a pattern that differed over the three weeks of the study and contradicted our original hypotheses. Though we hypothesized that the spatial distribution of toads would initially be concentrated near the lake shore and then spread outward from the lake over time, we observed the opposite. Ninety-five percent of individuals occurred within 20, 16, and 15 m of shore during weeks one, two, and three respectively, probably reflecting continued emergence of newly metamorphosed toads from the lake and mortality or burrow use of dispersed individuals. Numbers of toads were highest near the inlet stream of the lake. Distance sampling may provide a useful method for estimating the surface abundance of newly metamorphosed toads and relating their space use to landscape variables despite uncertain and variable probability of detection. We discuss means of improving the precision of estimates of total abundance.
C1 [Chelgren, Nathan D.; Adams, Michael J.; McCreary, Brome] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Samora, Barbara] Mt Rainier Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Ashford, WA 98304 USA.
RP Chelgren, ND (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM nathan_chelgren@usgs.gov
FU Natural Resource Program Center of the U.S. National Park Service; U.S.
Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative [381]
FX We would like to thank Anthony Anderson, Jacob Layman, Kyle Pritchard,
Neal Marks, and Renee Mitchell for field assistance, and Rebecca Lofgren
for logistical support. Patti Haggerty provided assistance with GIS.
This project was funded by the Natural Resource Program Center of the
U.S. National Park Service, and is product number 381 of the U.S.
Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. This
study was conducted under U.S. National Park Service scientific research
and collecting permit, number MORA-2008-SCI-0013. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 55
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Z9 6
U1 5
U2 34
PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY
PI CORVALLIS
PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA
SN 1931-7603
J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO
JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 2
BP 175
EP 190
PG 16
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 893UK
UT WOS:000300381600002
ER
PT J
AU Ennen, JR
Birkhead, RD
Kreiser, BR
Gaillard, DL
Qualls, CP
Lovich, JE
AF Ennen, Joshua R.
Birkhead, Roger D.
Kreiser, Brian R.
Gaillard, Daniel L.
Qualls, Carl P.
Lovich, Jeffrey E.
TI THE EFFECTS OF ISOLATION ON THE DEMOGRAPHY AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF
LONG-LIVED SPECIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE
GOPHER TORTOISE (GOPHERUS POLYPHEMUS)
SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE conservation; demography; fragmentation; genetic diversity; Gopherus
polyphemus; Gopher Tortoise; isolation; USA
ID SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; DESERT TORTOISES;
LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION EXTINCTION; SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI;
GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; ACTINEMYS-MARMORATA; GROWTH HISTORIES; AGE
STRUCTURE
AB In the southeastern United States, habitat loss has fragmented the landscape and isolated many populations of this region's flora and fauna, which has presumably resulted in smaller population sizes and reduced levels of genetic diversity. For example, forestry practices and anthropogenic disturbances are both cited as factors fragmenting the once extensive range of Gopherus polyphemus. One localized, but extreme, source of fragmentation was the impoundment of the Chattahoochee River in 1963 to form Walter F. George Reservoir along the border of Georgia and Alabama. The formation of this reservoir isolated populations of G. polyphemus on two newly created islands providing a natural laboratory to explore the demographics and genetic effects of fragmentation on a long-lived species. These populations were first surveyed in 1984 and, 21 years later, we revisited them to collect demographic data and tissue samples for genetic analysis. We genotyped all individuals for 10 microsatellite loci, and we tested these data for bottlenecks and compared them to levels of genetic diversity for populations from other portions of the range. We found 45 and two individuals on the larger and smaller islands, respectively. On the large island, however, the population size was identical to the 1984 survey. Only the population structure based on estimated age differed between the 1984 and 2004 surveys, while population size structure based on carapace length, sex ratio, and sex-specific growth rates did not differ. The population of the large island showed genetic evidence of a past bottleneck. The genetic diversity indices from the population of the large island, however, were comparable to or greater than those found at mainland sites, in particular from western populations.
C1 [Ennen, Joshua R.; Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Birkhead, Roger D.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Kreiser, Brian R.; Gaillard, Daniel L.; Qualls, Carl P.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA.
RP Ennen, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM jennen@usgs.gov; birkhrd@auburn.edu; Brian.Kreiser@usm.edu;
Daniel.Gaillard@eagles.usm.edu; Carl.Qualls@usm.edu;
Jeffrey_Lovich@usgs.gov
OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831
FU Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks; U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center,
Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USACE-ERDC-CERL)
[W9132T-06-2-0021]; Gopher Tortoise Council
FX Funding for part of this project was provided by the Mississippi
Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks and U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction
Engineering Research Laboratory (USACE-ERDC-CERL, W9132T-06-2-0021).
Funding for the island trapping was provided by the Gopher Tortoise
Council Landers Student research award (to RDB). Collecting permits were
provided by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (permit #
29-WMB-04-86) and the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and
Parks. This work was approved by both the University of Southern
Mississippi's (protocol no. 07032201) and Auburn University's (protocol
no. 20030460) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. We would
like to thank the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for allowing access to
the islands, and especially Bill Smallwood, Brian Peck, and Sara
Jerningan; the Cotton Creek campground attendants, David and Doris
Robinson; Shannon Hoss, Geoff Sorrell, Will Underwood, Bill Birkhead,
Chelsea Ward and Ed Wester for assistance with the island surveys; Gary
Hepp for use of the boat; and finally Chelsea Ward, Faith Birkhead, Bill
Birkhead, and James R. Black for their invaluable help with trapping. We
thank the following people for reviewing earlier drafts of this
manuscript: Jeffrey Markert, Jonathan Richmond, and Henry Mushinsky. Any
use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only
and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 74
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 5
U2 33
PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY
PI CORVALLIS
PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA
SN 1931-7603
J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO
JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 2
BP 202
EP 214
PG 13
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 893UK
UT WOS:000300381600004
ER
PT J
AU Ehlmann, BL
Mustard, JF
Clark, RN
Swayze, GA
Murchie, SL
AF Ehlmann, Bethany L.
Mustard, John F.
Clark, Roger N.
Swayze, Gregg A.
Murchie, Scott L.
TI EVIDENCE FOR LOW-GRADE METAMORPHISM, HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION, AND
DIAGENESIS ON MARS FROM PHYLLOSILICATE MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES
SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Analcime; Chlorite; Craters; Diagenesis; Hydrothermal Alteration;
Illite; Infrared Spectroscopy; Mars; Metamorphism; Muscovite;
Phyllosilicates; Prehnite; Serpentine; Silica; Zeolites
ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; BEARING ROCKS; DEPOSITS;
ZEOLITE; SYSTEMS; SURFACE; SILICA; ILLITE; SERPENTINIZATION
AB The enhanced spatial and spectral resolution provided by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has led to the discovery of numerous hydrated silicate minerals on Mars, particularly in the ancient, cratered crust comprising the southern highlands. Phases recently identified using visible/near-infrared spectra include: smectite, chlorite, prehnite, high-charge phyllosilicates (illite or muscovite), the zeolite analcime, opaline silica, and serpentine. Some mineral assemblages represent the products of aqueous alteration at elevated temperatures. Geologic occurrences of these mineral assemblages are described using examples from west of the Isidis basin near the Nili Fossae and with reference to differences in implied temperature, fluid composition, and starting materials during alteration. The alteration minerals are not distributed homogeneously. Rather, certain craters host distinctive alteration assemblages: (1) prehnite-chloritesilica, (2) analcime-silica-Fe, Mg-smectite-chlorite, (3) chlorite-illite (muscovite), and (4) serpentine, which furthermore has been found in bedrock units. These assemblages contrast with the prevalence of solely Fe, Mg-smectites in most phyllosilicate-bearing terrains on Mars, and they represent materials altered at depth then exposed by cratering. Of the minerals found to date, prehnite provides the clearest evidence for subsurface, hydrothermal/metamorphic alteration, as it forms only under highly restricted conditions (T = 200-400 degrees C). Multiple mechanisms exist for forming the other individual minerals; however, the most likely formation mechanisms for the characteristic mineralogic assemblages observed are, for (1) and (2), low-grade metamorphism or hydrothermal (<400 degrees C) circulation of fluids in basalt; for (3), transformation of trioctahedral smectites to chlorite and dioctahedral smectites to illite during diagenesis; and for (4), low-grade metamorphism or hydrothermal (<400 degrees C) circulation of fluids in ultramafic rocks. Evidence for high-grade metamorphism at elevated pressures or temperatures >400 degrees C has not been found.
C1 [Ehlmann, Bethany L.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France.
[Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Mustard, John F.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Clark, Roger N.; Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
RP Ehlmann, BL (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MC170-25, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM ehlmann@gps.caltech.edu
RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015
OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751
NR 96
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 7
U2 41
PU CLAY MINERALS SOC
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 0009-8604
EI 1552-8367
J9 CLAY CLAY MINER
JI Clay Clay Min.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 59
IS 4
BP 359
EP 377
DI 10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590402
PG 19
WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil
Science
SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture
GA 858KB
UT WOS:000297794500003
ER
PT J
AU Blasch, KW
AF Blasch, Kyle W.
TI METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS WATER PRESENCE ON SPELEOTHEMS DURING PERIODS OF
LOW PRECIPITATION, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR RECHARGE SOURCES - KARTCHNER
CAVERNS, ARIZONA
SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE SENSORS
AB Beginning in January 2005, recharge processes and the presence of water on speleothems were monitored in Kartchner Caverns during a 44-month period when annual rainfall rates were 6 to 18 percent below the long-term mean. Electrical-resistance sensors designed to detect the presence of water were used to identify ephemeral streamflow in the channels overlying the cave as well as the movement of water within the cave system. Direct infiltration of precipitation through overhead rocks provided consistent inflow to the cave, but precipitation rates and subsequent infiltration rates were reduced during the comparatively dry years. Ephemeral stream-channel recharge through autogenic and allogenic processes, the predominant recharge mechanism during wetter periods, was limited to two low-volume events. From visual observations, it appeared that recharge from channel infiltration was equal to or less than recharge from overhead infiltration. Electrical-resistance sensors were able to detect thin films of water on speleothems, including stalactites, ribbons, and stalagmites. These films of water were directly attributed to overhead infiltration of precipitation. Periods of low precipitation resulted in decreased speleothem wetness.
C1 US Geol Survey, Montana Water Sci Ctr, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
RP Blasch, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Montana Water Sci Ctr, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
EM kblasch@usgs.gov
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC
PI HUNTSVILLE
PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA
SN 1090-6924
J9 J CAVE KARST STUD
JI J. Cave Karst Stud.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 2
BP 63
EP 74
DI 10.4311/jcks2009es0094
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 850ZK
UT WOS:000297237900004
ER
PT J
AU Wolf, KL
Ahn, C
Noe, GB
AF Wolf, Kristin L.
Ahn, Changwoo
Noe, Gregory B.
TI Development of Soil Properties and Nitrogen Cycling in Created Wetlands
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Age-trajectory; Denitrification potential; Freshwater created wetlands;
Nitrogen cycling; Nitrogen mineralization; Organic carbon
ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; ORGANIC-MATTER AMENDMENTS; PAIRED NATURAL
WETLANDS; PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; CENTRAL
PENNSYLVANIA; SALT-MARSH; DENITRIFICATION; CARBON; NITRIFICATION
AB Mitigation wetlands are expected to compensate for the loss of structure and function of natural wetlands within 5-10 years of creation; however, the age-based trajectory of development in wetlands is unclear. This study investigates the development of coupled structural (soil properties) and functional (nitrogen cycling) attributes of created non-tidal freshwater wetlands of varying ages and natural reference wetlands to determine if created wetlands attain the water quality ecosystem service of nitrogen (N) cycling over time. Soil condition component and its constituents, gravimetric soil moisture, total organic carbon, and total N, generally increased and bulk density decreased with age of the created wetland. Nitrogen flux rates demonstrated age-related patterns, with younger created wetlands having lower rates of ammonification, nitrification, nitrogen mineralization, and denitrification potential than older created wetlands and natural reference wetlands. Results show a clear age-related trajectory in coupled soil condition and N cycle development, which is essential for water quality improvement. These findings can be used to enhance N processing in created wetlands and inform the regulatory evaluation of mitigation wetlands by identifying structural indicators of N processing performance.
C1 [Wolf, Kristin L.; Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Wolf, Kristin L.; Ahn, Changwoo] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Wolf, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM kwolf2@gmu.edu
OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646
FU USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science; USGS-NIWR Grant; Jeffress
Memorial Trust; Society of Wetlands Scientists; Washington Field
Biologist Club; Cosmos Foundation; USGS
FX We thank Nicholas Ostroski, Russel Fielding, and Hannah McFarland for
their help with data collection and Elizabeth Jones and the M. Voytek
microbiology lab for use of their equipment for this project. We also
thank Wetland Solutions and Studies, Inc. and Angler Environmental for
use of their wetlands. This study was made possible through funding from
USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science, USGS-NIWR Grant, Jeffress
Memorial Trust Fund, the Society of Wetlands Scientists, USGS Hydrologic
Networks and Analysis Program, USGS National Research Program, the
Washington Field Biologist Club, and the Cosmos Foundation.
NR 70
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 4
U2 66
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 4
BP 699
EP 712
DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0185-4
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 843TH
UT WOS:000296695000007
ER
PT J
AU Euliss, NH
Mushet, DM
AF Euliss, Ned H., Jr.
Mushet, David M.
TI A Multi-Year Comparison of IPCI Scores for Prairie Pothole Wetlands:
Implications of Temporal and Spatial Variation
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Assessment; Biocriteria; Floristic quality; Metrics; IBI; Wetland
condition
ID NORTH-DAKOTA; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES;
SOUTH-DAKOTA; WATER; LEVEL; INDEX; USA; VARIABILITY
AB In the prairie pothole region of North America, development of Indices of Biotic Integrity (IBIs) to detect anthropogenic impacts on wetlands has been hampered by naturally dynamic inter-annual climate fluctuations. Of multiple efforts to develop IBIs for prairie pothole wetlands, only one, the Index of Plant Community Integrity (IPCI), has reported success. We evaluated the IPCI and its ability to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic variation using plant community data collected from 16 wetlands over a 4-year-period. We found that under constant anthropogenic influence, IPCI metric scores and condition ratings varied annually in response to environmental variation driven primarily by natural climate variation. Artificially forcing wetlands that occur along continuous hydrologic gradients into a limited number of discrete classes (e. g., temporary, seasonal, and semipermanent) further confounded the utility of IPCI metrics. Because IPCI scores vary significantly due to natural climate dynamics as well as human impacts, methodology must be developed that adequately partitions natural and anthropogenically induced variation along continuous hydrologic gradients. Until such methodology is developed, the use of the IPCI to evaluate prairie pothole wetlands creates potential for misdirected corrective or regulatory actions, impairment of natural wetland functional processes, and erosion of public confidence in the wetland sciences.
C1 [Euliss, Ned H., Jr.; Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
RP Euliss, NH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37 St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM ceuliss@usgs.gov
NR 55
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 4
BP 713
EP 723
DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0187-2
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 843TH
UT WOS:000296695000008
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, M
Middleton, BA
AF Jiang, Ming
Middleton, Beth A.
TI Soil Characteristics of Sediment-Amended Baldcypress (Taxodium
distichum) Swamps of Coastal Louisiana
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Barataria; Coastal wetland; Dredging; Jean Lafitte; Soil development;
Wetland rehabilitation
ID SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; USA; ELEVATION; SALINITY; GRADIENT;
WETLANDS; GROWTH; PLANT; REHABILITATION
AB Amendments of sediment from dredging activities have played an important role in raising the elevation of sinking coastal wetlands. This study compared the soil characteristics of sediment-amended coastal swamps in the Barataria Preserve unit of Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve with natural swamps along Bayou des Familles. The sandy sediment amendments used in the coastal forests had different soil texture and characteristics than the more organic soils of the natural swamps. Three years after the application of these sediments on the sediment-amended swamps, dewatering and compaction of the sediment had occurred but the sediment still had high salinity and bulk density, and low organic matter content. The two sediment-amended swamps differed from each other in that Site 1 had a higher elevation (mean=25 cm higher) and drier soil than Site 2. The effects of sediment in coastal forested wetlands require separate consideration from studies of salt marshes, e. g., the weight of the sediment might damage tree roots, or the amendments might influence soil stability during storms in a different way. Generally, this study suggests that shallower depths of sediment are more likely to yield environments beneficial to these sinking baldcypress swamps in coastal Louisiana.
C1 [Middleton, Beth A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Jiang, Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, NE Inst Geog & Agr Ecol, Changchun 130012, Jilin Province, Peoples R China.
RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM jiangm0431@yahoo.com; middletonb@usgs.gov
OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326
FU U.S. National Park Service [POBS61]; National Natural Science Foundation
of China [40871049, 40830535]
FX This study was supported with funding to Beth Middleton from the U.S.
National Park Service, POBS61, "Effects of dredge spoil applications on
subsiding coastal baldcypress swamps in the Barataria Preserve unit of
the Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Louisiana
Barataria Preserve", and to Jiang Ming from the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (No. 40871049, 40830535). Our thanks to members of
the staff of Jean Lafitte NHP&P for logistical support, including David
Muth, and Nancy Walters. Also, thanks to many volunteers and staff of
the U.S. Geological Survey including Evelyn Anemaet, John David, Matt
Ripley, Kari Foster, and Dasa Bastlova. Darren Johnson, statistician at
the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center gave
statistical advice. Roy Dokka and his staff at the Louisiana State
University Center for Informatics gave critical assistance for the
elevation measurements with CORS (Continuously Operating Reference
Station) equipment. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 47
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 4
BP 735
EP 744
DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0189-0
PG 10
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 843TH
UT WOS:000296695000010
ER
PT J
AU Wenger, SJ
Isaak, DJ
Dunham, JB
Fausch, KD
Luce, CH
Neville, HM
Rieman, BE
Young, MK
Nagel, DE
Horan, DL
Chandler, GL
AF Wenger, Seth J.
Isaak, Daniel J.
Dunham, Jason B.
Fausch, Kurt D.
Luce, Charles H.
Neville, Helen M.
Rieman, Bruce E.
Young, Michael K.
Nagel, David E.
Horan, Dona L.
Chandler, Gwynne L.
TI Role of climate and invasive species in structuring trout distributions
in the interior Columbia River Basin, USA (vol 68, pg 988, 2011)
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Wenger, Seth J.; Neville, Helen M.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
[Isaak, Daniel J.; Luce, Charles H.; Nagel, David E.; Horan, Dona L.; Chandler, Gwynne L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
[Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA.
[Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
[Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Wenger, SJ (reprint author), Trout Unltd, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
EM swenger@tu.org
RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011; Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008
OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 17
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 8
BP 1510
EP 1510
DI 10.1139/F2011-102
PG 1
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 835JX
UT WOS:000296033800018
ER
PT J
AU Jarnevich, CS
Evangelista, P
Stohlgren, TJ
Morisette, J
AF Jarnevich, Catherine S.
Evangelista, Paul
Stohlgren, Thomas J.
Morisette, Jeffery
TI IMPROVING NATIONAL-SCALE INVASION MAPS: TAMARISK IN THE WESTERN UNITED
STATES
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID HABITAT-SUITABILITY; SALTCEDAR TAMARIX; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS;
GREAT-PLAINS; MODELS; SPP.; USA; DISTRIBUTIONS; RAMOSISSIMA; PREDICTION
AB New invasions, better field data, and novel spatial-modeling techniques often drive the need to revisit previous maps and models of invasive species. Such is the case with the at least 10 species of Tamarix, which are invading riparian systems in the western United States and expanding their range throughout North America. In 2006, we developed a National Tamarisk Map by using a compilation of presence and absence locations with remotely sensed data and statistical modeling techniques. Since the publication of that work, our database of Tamarix distributions has grown significantly.
Using the updated database of species occurrence, new predictor variables, and the maximum entropy (Maxent) model, we have revised our potential Tamarix distribution map for the western United States. Distance-to-water was the strongest predictor in the model (58.1%), while mean temperature of the warmest quarter was the second best predictor (18.4%). Model validation, averaged from 25 model iterations, indicated that our analysis had strong predictive performance (AUC = 0.93) and that the extent of Tamarix distributions is much greater than previously thought. The southwestern United States had the greatest suitable habitat, and this result differed from the 2006 model. Our work highlights the utility of iterative modeling for invasive species habitat modeling as new information becomes available.
C1 [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Morisette, Jeffery] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Evangelista, Paul] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM jarnevichc@usgs.gov
RI Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016
NR 46
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 24
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 71
IS 2
BP 164
EP 175
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 824LR
UT WOS:000295203900004
ER
PT J
AU Jakob, EM
Porter, AH
Ginsberg, H
Bednarski, JV
Houser, J
AF Jakob, Elizabeth M.
Porter, Adam H.
Ginsberg, Howard
Bednarski, Julie V.
Houser, Jeremy
TI A 4-year study of invasive and native spider populations in Maine
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID LINYPHIID SPIDERS; NONNATIVE SPIDERS; NORTH-AMERICA; CLUTCH SIZE;
BODY-SIZE; ARANEAE; BEHAVIOR; FRAGMENTATION; DISPLACEMENT; COMPETITION
AB Invasive spiders pose potential threats to native spiders. In 2002, the European spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (Araneae: Linyphiidae) was discovered in all but one county in Maine. At Acadia National Park, we conducted a 4-year study of L triangularis and three native linyphiid species of a similar size (Frontinella communis (Hentz, 1850), Phyohyphantes subarcticus Chamberlin and Ivie, 1943, and Neriene radiata (Walckenaer, 1842)). Using line-transect surveys, we measured population densities in coastal and forest habitat. The density of L. triangularis varied across years but was always significantly higher on the coast than in the forest. In contrast, only one native species was present on the coast and at very low numbers. Coastal L. triangularis were larger and in better condition than those in the forest, and numbers and biomass of insect prey were also higher on the coast. In 2 years, we also conducted transects at a second coastal location in Maine where the invader was at low density. At that site, native densities were substantially higher than at either Acadia site. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that L. triangularis is reducing populations of native spiders. Companion studies suggest that L. triangularis negatively impacts natives by usurping both web sites and webs.
C1 [Jakob, Elizabeth M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Porter, Adam H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Ginsberg, Howard] Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Field Stn, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
[Bednarski, Julie V.] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Houser, Jeremy] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Neurosci & Behav, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Jakob, EM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM ejakob@psych.umass.edu
FU National Park Service; US Geological Survey
FX We thank the Acadia National Park rangers, especially David Manski,
Bruce Connery, Ed Pontbriand, and Bill Weidner for assistance throughout
this project and for permission to work in the park. Michelle Bierman,
Jim McKenna, and staff of the Schoodic Education and Research Center
provided crucial logistical support and comfortable lodging. Daniel
Jennings graciously identified many spiders and was first to notice that
coastal spiders were larger than forest spiders. This research was made
possible by a grant from the National Park Service and the US Geological
Survey awarded to E. Jakob, J. Houser, and D. Jennings. Use of trade or
product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Theodore
Stankowich, Ethan Clotfelter, Renae Brodie, Skye Long, and Jamie
Richmond offered valuable criticism of earlier drafts.
NR 39
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U1 1
U2 31
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4301
J9 CAN J ZOOL
JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 89
IS 8
BP 668
EP 677
DI 10.1139/Z11-050
PG 10
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 826XZ
UT WOS:000295390200003
ER
PT J
AU Mills, CT
Morrison, JM
Goldhaber, MB
Ellefsen, KJ
AF Mills, Christopher T.
Morrison, Jean M.
Goldhaber, Martin B.
Ellefsen, Karl J.
TI Chromium(VI) generation in vadose zone soils and alluvial sediments of
the southwestern Sacramento Valley, California: A potential source of
geogenic Cr(VI) to groundwater
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID TRACE-ELEMENT ASSOCIATIONS; WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM;
SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION; ULTRAMAFIC SOILS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MANGANESE
OXIDES; MN-OXIDES; REDUCTION; OXIDATION
AB Concentrations of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater that exceed the World Health Organization's maximum contaminant level for drinking water (50 mg L(-1)) occur in several locations globally. The major mechanism for mobilization of this Cr(VI) at these sites is the weathering of Cr(III) from ultramafic rocks and its subsequent oxidation on Mn oxides. This process may be occurring in the southern Sacramento Valley of California where Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater can approach or exceed 50 ug L(-1). To characterize Cr geochemistry in the area, samples from several soil auger cores (approximately 4 m deep) and drill cores (approximately 25 m deep) were analyzed for total concentrations of 44 major, minor and trace elements, Cr associated with labile Mn and Fe oxides, and Cr(VI). Total concentrations of Cr in these samples ranged from 140 to 2220 mg per kg soil. Between 9 and 70 mg per kg soil was released by selective extractions that target Fe oxides, but essentially no Cr was associated with the abundant reactive Mn oxides (up to 1000 mg hydroxylamine-reducible Mn per kg soil was present). Both borehole magnetic susceptibility surveys performed at some of the drill core sites and relative differences between Cr released in a 4-acid digestion versus total Cr (lithium metaborate fusion digestion) suggest that the majority of total Cr in the samples is present in refractory chromite minerals transported from ultramafic exposures in the Coast Range Mountains. Chromium(VI) in the samples studied ranged from 0 to 42 mu g kg(-1), representing a minute fraction of total Cr. Chromium(VI) content was typically below detection in surface soils (top 10 cm) where soil organic matter was high, and increased with increasing depth in the soil auger cores as organic matter decreased. Maximum concentrations of Cr(VI) were up to 3 times greater in the deeper drill core samples than the shallow auger cores. Although Cr(VI) in these vadose zone soils and sediments was only a very small fraction of the total solid phase Cr, they are a potentially important source for Cr(VI) to groundwater. Enhanced groundwater recharge through the vadose zone due to irrigation could carry Cr(VI) from the vadose zone to the groundwater and may be the mechanism responsible for the correlation observed between elevated Cr(VI) and NO concentrations in previously published data for valley groundwaters. Incubation of a valley subsoil showed a Cr(VI) production rate of 24 mu g kg(-1) a(-1) suggesting that field Cr(VI) concentrations could be regenerated annually. Increased Cr(VI) production rates in Htamended soil incubations indicate that soil acidification processes such as nitrification of ammonium in fertilizers could potentially increase the occurrence of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater. Thus, despite the natural origin of the Cr, Cr(VI) generation in the Sacramento Valley soils and sediments has the potential to be influenced by human activities. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Mills, Christopher T.; Morrison, Jean M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Ellefsen, Karl J.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Mills, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM cmills@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey
FX This work was supported by a US Geological Survey Mendenhall
Postdoctoral Fellowship to CTM. We thank Sue Fields and Andrew Fulks
(University of California, Davis), Yolo County Parks Department, and
anonymous landowners for providing access to sampling sites and samples;
Chuck Frey (Brown and Caldwell) for assistance with geophysical logging
of boreholes; JoAnn Holloway, Todd Hoefen and Monique Adams (USGS) for
assistance with field collections and laboratory analyses; Rich Wanty
and John Izbicki (USGS) for insightful comments on previous versions of
this manuscript; Clemens Reimann for editorial handling and two
anonymous reviewers for comments which substantially improved the
manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 54
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U1 3
U2 37
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 8
BP 1488
EP 1501
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.05.023
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 820CN
UT WOS:000294883200019
ER
PT J
AU Briggs, CW
Collopy, MW
Woodbridge, B
AF Briggs, Christopher W.
Collopy, Michael W.
Woodbridge, Brian
TI REPRODUCTION VERSUS RECRUITMENT OF SWAINSON'S HAWKS IN THE BUTTE VALLEY,
CALIFORNIA
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Buteo swainsoni,fitness; lifetime reproductive success; recruitment;
reproduction; Swainson's Hawk
ID FLEDGING SUCCESS; ARGENTINA; FITNESS; INDEX; GREAT; DATE; MASS; AGE
AB Measures of reproductive success have long been assumed to be reasonable surrogates of fitness. We examined reproductive success and recruitment at the individual and population levels in Swainson's Hawks breeding in northern California. At the population level, we investigated whether the number of individuals subsequently recruited could be predicted by the number of offspring produced in any given year, finding no evidence of differences in probability of recruitment by cohort or year. Instead, age of recruits was the best predictor of probability of their being recruited into the local breeding population. At the individual level, we used generalized linear models to examine the correlation between lifetime reproductive success of individual females and the number of their offspring recruited. For individuals, the number of fledglings produced was significantly correlated with both the number of those offspring and of grandchildren recruited into the breeding population. We also examined the relationship between the average annual reproduction of an individual and the number of offspring recruited, finding these significantly correlated. The relationship was not linear: individuals producing moderate numbers of fledglings, on average, yielded the highest numbers of recruits, reflecting a trade-off between adult survival and reproduction. These results provide evidence that monitoring of reproductive success of individuals or a population can give reasonable indices of future recruitment if the study is continued for a long period. But individuals with the highest average rate of reproduction may not be the most fit.
C1 [Briggs, Christopher W.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Briggs, Christopher W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Collopy, Michael W.] Univ Nevada, Acad Environm, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Woodbridge, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka, CA 96097 USA.
RP Briggs, CW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
EM chriswbriggs@yahoo.com
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 113
IS 3
BP 547
EP 554
DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100174
PG 8
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 818ZZ
UT WOS:000294796500009
ER
PT J
AU Paxton, EH
Unitt, P
Sogge, MK
Whitfield, M
Keim, P
AF Paxton, Eben H.
Unitt, Philip
Sogge, Mark K.
Whitfield, Mary
Keim, Paul
TI WINTER DISTRIBUTION OF WILLOW FLYCATCHER SUBSPECIES
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Empidonax traillii extimus; migratory connectivity; mixed-stock
analysis; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher; winter distribution
ID WARBLER WILSONIA-PUSILLA; MIGRATION PATTERNS; STABLE-ISOTOPES;
GENETIC-MARKERS; ANNUAL CYCLE; COSTA-RICA; TRACKING; SONGBIRD; BIRDS;
CONSEQUENCES
AB Documenting how different regions across a species' breeding and nonbreeding range are linked via migratory movements is the first step in understanding how events in one region can influence events in others and is critical to identifying conservation threats throughout a migratory animal's annual cycle. We combined two studies that evaluated migratory connectivity in the Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii), one using mitochondria! DNA sequences from 172 flycatchers sampled throughout their winter range, and another which examined morphological characteristics of 68 museum specimens collected in the winter range. Our results indicate that the four subspecies occupy distinct but overlapping regions of the winter range. Connectivity between specific breeding and winter grounds appears to be moderate to strong, with distributions that suggest migration patterns of both the chain and leap-frog types connecting the breeding and nonbreeding grounds. The Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica appear to be a key winter location for the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (E. t. extimus), although other countries in Central America may also be important for the subspecies.
C1 [Paxton, Eben H.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Paxton, Eben H.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Unitt, Philip] San Diego Nat Hist Museum, San Diego, CA 92112 USA.
[Whitfield, Mary] So Sierra Res Stn, Weldon, CA 93283 USA.
RP Paxton, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
EM eben_paxton@usgs.gov
RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010;
OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Southern Sierra Research Station; Bureau of
Reclamation
FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey,
Southern Sierra Research Station, and the Bureau of Reclamation. We are
indebted to the many field biologists who assisted in field efforts, and
Jessica Girard helped with DNA sequencing. Thank you to Ben Bolker for
assistance in running the mixed-stock analysis and to Karen Messer for
assistance with the analysis of the specimens. Kristina Paxton and Tad
Theimer provided critical reviews of early drafts. Thank you to the
authorities of the museums that lent specimens: American Museum of
Natural History, New York; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia;
Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh; California Academy of
Sciences, San Francisco; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Denver
Museum of Nature and Science, Denver; Delaware Museum of Natural
History, Wilmington; Field Museum, Chicago; Natural History Museum of
Los Angeles County, Los Angeles; Louisiana State University Museum of
Natural Science, Baton Rouge; Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental
College, Los Angeles; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of
California, Berkeley; Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale
University, New Haven, Connecticut; University of Alaska, Fairbanks;
University of Arizona, Tucson; Florida Museum of Natural History,
University of Florida, Gainesville; Bell Museum of Natural History,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Museum of Zoology, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC;
Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle; Western Foundation of
Vertebrate Zoology, Camarillo, California. The use of product trade
names in this paper does not constitute product endorsement by the U.S.
Geological Survey.
NR 56
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U1 2
U2 20
PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
EI 1938-5129
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 113
IS 3
BP 608
EP 618
DI 10.1525/cond.2011.090200
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 818ZZ
UT WOS:000294796500016
ER
PT J
AU Conn, JS
Werdin-Pfisterer, NR
Beattie, KL
Densmore, RV
AF Conn, Jeffery S.
Werdin-Pfisterer, Nancy R.
Beattie, Katherine L.
Densmore, Roseann V.
TI Ecology of Invasive Melilotus albus on Alaskan Glacial River Floodplains
SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID 7 LEGUME CROPS; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SOIL DEVELOPMENT;
TANANA RIVER; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FIXATION; BAY; INTERIOR
AB Melilotus albus (white sweetclover) has invaded Alaskan glacial river floodplains. We measured cover and density of plant species and environmental variables along transects perpendicular to the Nenana, Matanuska, and Stikine Rivers to study interactions between M. albus and other plant species and to characterize the environment where it establishes. Melilotus albus was a pioneer species on recently disturbed sites and did not persist into closed canopy forests. The relationships between M. albus cover and density and other species were site-specific. Melilotus albus was negatively correlated with native species Elaeagnus commutata at the Nenana River, but not at the Matanuska River. Melilotus albus was positively correlated with the exotic species Crepis tectorum and Taraxacum officinale at the Matanuska River and T. officinale on the upper Stikine River. However, the high density of M. albus at a lower Stikine River site was negatively correlated with T. officinale and several native species including Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus and Salix alaxensis. Glacial river floodplains in Alaska are highly disturbed and are corridors for exotic plant species movement. Melilotus albus at moderate to low densities may facilitate establishment of exotic species, but at high densities can reduce the cover and density of both exotic and native species.
C1 [Conn, Jeffery S.; Werdin-Pfisterer, Nancy R.; Beattie, Katherine L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Densmore, Roseann V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, 360 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM jeff.conn@ars.usda.gov
NR 50
TC 2
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U1 2
U2 24
PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES
PI BOULDER
PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA
SN 1523-0430
J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES
JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 43
IS 3
BP 343
EP 354
DI 10.1657/1938-4246-43.3.343
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 812UN
UT WOS:000294318500003
ER
PT J
AU Wobus, C
Anderson, R
Overeem, I
Matell, N
Clow, G
Urban, F
AF Wobus, Cameron
Anderson, Robert
Overeem, Irina
Matell, Nora
Clow, Gary
Urban, Frank
TI Thermal Erosion of a Permafrost Coastline: Improving Process-Based
Models Using Time-Lapse Photography
SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID BEAUFORT SEA COAST; STORM SURGES; ALASKA; REGION
AB Coastal erosion rates locally exceeding 30 m y(-1) been documented along Alaska's Beaufort Sea coastline, and a number of studies suggest that these erosion rates have accelerated as a result of climate change. However, a lack of direct observational evidence has limited our progress in quantifying the specific processes that connect climate change to coastal erosion rates in the Arctic. In particular, while longer ice-free periods are likely to lead to both warmer surface waters and longer fetch, the relative roles of thermal and mechanical (wave) erosion in driving coastal retreat have not been comprehensively quantified. We focus on a permafrost coastline in the northern National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPR-A), where coastal erosion rates have averaged 10-15 m y(-1) over two years of direct monitoring. We take advantage of these extraordinary rates of coastal erosion to observe and quantify coastal erosion directly via time-lapse photography in combination with meteorological observations. Our observations indicate that the erosion of these bluffs is largely thermally driven, but that surface winds play a crucial role in exposing the frozen bluffs to the radiatively warmed seawater that drives melting of interstitial ice. To first order, erosion in this setting can be modeled using formulations developed to describe iceberg deterioration in the open ocean. These simple models provide a conceptual framework for evaluating how climate-induced changes in thermal and wave energy might influence future erosion rates in this setting.
C1 [Wobus, Cameron] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Robert; Overeem, Irina] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Robert; Matell, Nora] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Clow, Gary; Urban, Frank] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Wobus, C (reprint author), Stratus Consulting Inc, 1881 9th St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
EM cameron.wobus@colorado.edu
OI Wobus, Cameron/0000-0002-9654-1738
FU Office of Naval Research [1543943]
FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the
National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) under grant number
1543943. This work reflects close cooperation between the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) and academic researchers (University of
Colorado at Boulder; Naval Postgraduate School). We acknowledge
logistical support from CH2MHill Polar Services, from the U.S. Bureau of
Land Management, and from Ben Jones at USGS in Alaska. We thank Robert
Brower and Eben Brower, our faithful bear guards, for their
companionship and sharing of local knowledge of the Drew Point
coastline. We thank Glenn Dunmire of Siku Construction for his
assistance during our fieldwork in 2009. We also thank our reviewers for
suggestions that improved this paper.
NR 28
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 21
PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES
PI BOULDER
PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA
SN 1523-0430
J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES
JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 43
IS 3
BP 474
EP 484
DI 10.1657/1938-4246-43.3.474
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 812UN
UT WOS:000294318500016
ER
PT J
AU Buratti, BJ
Faulk, SP
Mosher, J
Baines, KH
Brown, RH
Clark, RN
Nicholson, PD
AF Buratti, B. J.
Faulk, S. P.
Mosher, J.
Baines, K. H.
Brown, R. H.
Clark, R. N.
Nicholson, P. D.
TI Search for and limits on plume activity on Mimas, Tethys, and Dione with
the Cassini Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS)
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Saturn, Satellites; Satellites, Surfaces; Geological processes
ID WATER-VAPOR; SATURNIAN SATELLITES; ISS IMAGES; ENCELADUS; PHOTOMETRY;
RHEA; ATMOSPHERE; SYSTEM; JETS; RING
AB Cassini Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observations of Mimas, Tethys, and Dione obtained during the nominal and extended missions at large solar phase angles were analyzed to search for plume activity. No forward scattered peaks in the solar phase curves of these satellites were detected. The upper limit on water vapor production for Mimas and Tethys is one order of magnitude less than the production for Enceladus. For Dione, the upper limit is two orders of magnitude less, suggesting this world is as inert as Rhea (Pitman, KM., Buratti, B.J., Mosher, J.A., Bauer, J.M., Momary, T., Brown, R.H., Nicholson, P.O.. Hedman, M.M. [2008]. Astrophys. J. Lett. 680, L65-L68). Although the plumes are best seen at similar to 2.0 mu m, Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) Narrow Angle Camera images obtained at the same time as the VIMS data were also inspected for these features. None of the Cassini ISS images shows evidence for plumes. The absence of evidence for any Enceladus-like plumes on the medium-sized saturnian satellites cannot absolutely rule out current geologic activity. The activity may below our threshold of detection, or it may be occurring but not captured on the handful of observations at large solar phase angles obtained for each moon. Many VIMS and ISS images of Enceladus at large solar phase angles, for example, do not contain plumes, as the active "tiger stripes" in the south pole region are pointed away from the spacecraft at these times. The 7-year Cassini Solstice Mission is scheduled to gather additional measurements at large solar phase angles that are capable of revealing activity on the saturnian moons. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Buratti, B. J.; Mosher, J.; Baines, K. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Faulk, S. P.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Buratti, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA.
EM Bonnie.Buratti@jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Cassini project; Cassini
Data Analysis Program
FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under contract to the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, and was sponsored by NASA'S
Undergraduate Student Research Program, the Cassini project, and the
Cassini Data Analysis Program. We thank David Blackburn, Joseph Spitale,
and an anonymous reviewer for helpful conversations and reviews.
Copyright 2011 all rights reserved.
NR 25
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 214
IS 2
BP 534
EP 540
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.04.030
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 811HM
UT WOS:000294197500013
ER
PT J
AU Ciarniello, M
Capaccioni, F
Filacchione, G
Clark, RN
Cruikshank, DP
Cerroni, P
Coradini, A
Brown, RH
Buratti, BJ
Tosi, F
Stephan, K
AF Ciarniello, M.
Capaccioni, F.
Filacchione, G.
Clark, R. N.
Cruikshank, D. P.
Cerroni, P.
Coradini, A.
Brown, R. H.
Buratti, B. J.
Tosi, F.
Stephan, K.
TI Hapke modeling of Rhea surface properties through Cassini-VIMS spectra
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Saturn, Satellites; Spectrophotometry; Ices; Radiative transfer;
Satellites, Surfaces
ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER;
OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ICY SATELLITES; MU-M; COHERENT
BACKSCATTER; CRYSTALLINE H2O-ICE; GALILEAN SATELLITES; ALBEDO DICHOTOMY
AB The surface properties of the icy bodies in the saturnian system have been investigated by means of the Cassini-VIMS (Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) hyperspectral imager which operates in the 0.35-5.1 mu m wavelength range. In particular, we have analyzed 111 full disk hyperspectral images of Rhea ranging in solar phase between 0.08 degrees and 109.8 degrees. These data have been previously analyzed by Filacchione et al. (Filacchione, G. et al. [2007]. Icarus 186, 259-290; Filacchione, G. et al. [2010]. Icarus 206, 507-523) to study, adopting various "spectral indicators" (such as spectral slopes, band depth, and continuum level), the relations among various saturnian satellites. As a further step we proceed in this paper to a quantitative evaluation of the physical parameters determining the spectrophotometric properties of Rhea's surface. To do this we have applied Hapke (Hapke, B. [1993]. Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy, Topics in Remote Sensing: 3. Springer, Berlin) IMSA model (Isotropic Multiple Scattering Approximation) which allow us to model the phase function at VIS-IR (visible-infrared) wavelengths as well as the spectra taking into account various types of mixtures of surface materials. Thanks to this method we have been able to constrain the size of water ice particles covering the surface, the amount of organic contaminants, the large scale surface roughness and the opposition effect surge. From our analysis it appears that wavelength dependent parameters, e.g. opposition surge width (h) and single-particle phase function parameters (b, v), are strongly correlated to the estimated single-scattering albedo of particles. For Rhea the best fit solution is obtained by assuming: (1) an intraparticle mixture of crystalline water ice and a small amount (0.4%) of Triton tholin; (2) a monodisperse grain size distribution having a particle diameter a(m) = 38 mu m; and (3) a surface roughness parameter value of 33 degrees. The study of phase function shows that both shadow hiding and coherent backscattering contribute to the opposition surge. This study represents the first attempt, in the case of Rhea, to join the spectral and the photometric analysis. The surface model we derived gives a good quantitative description of both spectrum and phase curve of the satellite. The same approach and model, with appropriate modifications, shall be applied to VIMS data of the other icy satellites of Saturn, in order to reveal similarities and differences in the surface characteristics to understand how these bodies interact with their environment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ciarniello, M.; Capaccioni, F.; Filacchione, G.; Cerroni, P.] INAF IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Cruikshank, D. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Coradini, A.; Tosi, F.] INAF IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Buratti, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Stephan, K.] DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, Berlin, Germany.
RP Ciarniello, M (reprint author), INAF IASF, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
EM mauro.ciarniello@iasf-roma.inaf.it
OI Ciarniello, Mauro/0000-0002-7498-5207; Cerroni,
Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314;
Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; Tosi,
Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434
FU Italian Space Agency
FX The authors M.C., F.C., G.F., P.C., A.C. and F.T. acknowledge support
from an Italian Space Agency grant. The authors wish to thank the
referees for their constructive comments.
NR 64
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 9
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 214
IS 2
BP 541
EP 555
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.010
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 811HM
UT WOS:000294197500014
ER
PT J
AU Cartwright, R
Clayton, JA
Kirk, RL
AF Cartwright, Richard
Clayton, Jordan A.
Kirk, Randolph L.
TI Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic
activity and surficial ages of Titan basins
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Titan; Satellites, Surfaces; Tectonics; Geological processes; Earth
ID SATURNS MOON TITAN; RIVER INCISION; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; DRAINAGE
PATTERNS; MOUNTAIN-RANGES; METHANE CYCLE; CASSINI RADAR; SURFACE;
EROSION; BEDROCK
AB Fluvial features on Titan and drainage basins on Earth are remarkably similar despite differences in gravity and surface composition. We determined network bifurcation (R(b)) ratios for five Titan and three terrestrial analog basins. Tectonically-modified Earth basins have R(b) values greater than the expected range (3.0-5.0) for dendritic networks; comparisons with R(b) values determined for Titan basins, in conjunction with similarities in network patterns, suggest that portions of Titan's north polar region are modified by tectonic forces. Sufficient elevation data existed to calculate bed slope and potential fluvial sediment transport rates in at least one Titan basin, indicating that 75 mm water ice grains (observed at the Huygens landing site) should be readily entrained given sufficient flow depths of liquid hydrocarbons. Volumetric sediment transport estimates suggest that similar to 6700-10,000 Titan years (similar to 2.0-3.0 x 10(5) Earth years) are required to erode this basin to its minimum relief (assuming constant 1 m and 1.5 m flows); these lowering rates increase to similar to 27,000-41,000 Titan years (similar to 8.0-12.0 x 10(5) Earth years) when flows in the north polar region are restricted to summer months. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cartwright, Richard] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA.
[Clayton, Jordan A.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA.
[Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Div, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Cartwright, R (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM rjcartwright01@gmail.com
NR 73
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 12
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 214
IS 2
BP 561
EP 570
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.011
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 811HM
UT WOS:000294197500016
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, JH
Yao, FM
Liu, C
Yang, LM
Boken, VK
AF Zhang, Jia-Hua
Yao, Feng-Mei
Liu, Cheng
Yang, Li-Min
Boken, Vijendra K.
TI Detection, Emission Estimation and Risk Prediction of Forest Fires in
China Using Satellite Sensors and Simulation Models in the Past Three
Decades-An Overview
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Review
DE forest fire detection; fire emission estimation; forest fire risk model;
satellite remote sensing; China
ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
SPOT-VEGETATION; CARBON STORAGE; NORTHERN CHINA; SOUTH-AMERICA;
UNITED-STATES; BURN SEVERITY; WATER-CONTENT
AB Forest fires have major impact on ecosystems and greatly impact the amount of greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. This paper presents an overview in the forest fire detection, emission estimation, and fire risk prediction in China using satellite imagery, climate data, and various simulation models over the past three decades. Since the 1980s, remotely-sensed data acquired by many satellites, such as NOAA/AVHRR, FY-series, MODIS, CBERS, and ENVISAT, have been widely utilized for detecting forest fire hot spots and burned areas in China. Some developed algorithms have been utilized for detecting the forest fire hot spots at a sub-pixel level. With respect to modeling the forest burning emission, a remote sensing data-driven Net Primary productivity (NPP) estimation model was developed for estimating forest biomass and fuel. In order to improve the forest fire risk modeling in China, real-time meteorological data, such as surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, have been used as the model input for improving prediction of forest fire occurrence and its behavior. Shortwave infrared (SWIR) and near infrared (NIR) channels of satellite sensors have been employed for detecting live fuel moisture content (FMC), and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was used for evaluating the forest vegetation condition and its moisture status.
C1 [Zhang, Jia-Hua] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Jia-Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
[Yao, Feng-Mei] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Coll Earth Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Cheng] Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Li-Min] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Boken, Vijendra K.] Univ Nebraska Kearney, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Kearney, NE 68849 USA.
RP Zhang, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, 46 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM zhangjh@cams.cma.gov.cn; yaofm@gucas.ac.cn; liucheng@nsmc.cma.gov.cn;
Lyang0117@yahoo.com; bokenv1@unk.edu
FU Global Change Global Research Key Project of National Science Plan
[2010CB951302]; Social Commonweal Meteorological Research Project
[GYHY201106027]
FX We thank four reviewers for their valuable suggestions that greatly
improved this article. This work was supported jointly by Global Change
Global Research Key Project of National Science Plan (Grant. No.
2010CB951302), the Social Commonweal Meteorological Research Project
(Grant No. GYHY201106027). The authors acknowledge the helps of our
colleagues from the National Satellite Meteorological Center for the
discussion of the forest fire detection and prediction.
NR 119
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 40
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1660-4601
J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE
JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 8
BP 3156
EP 3178
DI 10.3390/ijerph8083156
PG 23
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA 811WP
UT WOS:000294248600006
PM 21909297
ER
PT J
AU Starliper, CE
Powell, J
Garner, JT
Schill, WB
AF Starliper, Clifford E.
Powell, Jeff
Garner, Jeffrey T.
Schill, William B.
TI PREDOMINANT BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM MORIBUND FUSCONAIA EBENA EBONYSHELLS
EXPERIENCING DIE-OFFS IN PICKWICK RESERVOIR, TENNESSEE RIVER, ALABAMA
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE freshwater mussels; die-off; moribund; disease; bacteria
ID FRESH-WATER BIVALVES; SP-NOV.; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA;
MUSSELS; MOLLUSKS; IDENTIFICATION; TAXONOMY; FISH
AB Mussel die-offs have been noted in recent years in Pickwick Reservoir, Tennessee River, Alabama. The primary affected species was Fusconaia ebena, but also affected to lesser degrees were Ellipsaria lineolata, Quadrula pustulosa, and Quadrula quadrula. These events were characterized by large numbers of empty shells fresh-dead and live individuals that were presumed to be diseased because of weak and slow valve closure responses to external stimuli. Anecdotal evidence suggested the possible involvement of an etiological agent, such as a bacterial pathogen. The die-offs have occurred in Pickwick Reservoir (river miles 236-256) in sequential years during the past approximately 10 y. These timeframes have coincided with reduced basin inflows and warmer water temperatures. The majority of the moribund and freshly dead F ebena were females possibly predisposed to infection and disease from ongoing reproductive activity. Affected and healthy-cohort mussels were collected to characterize the bacterial flora prior to, during, and after a July 2006 die-off, and during a subsequent die-off in September 2008. The numbers of total bacteria from both the 2006 and 2008 die-offs were significantly greater from the diseased specimens. For example, from the September 2008 die-off, the mean count from diseased F. ebena soft tissues was 9.75 X 10(6) cfu/g, which was more than 100 times greater (P = 0.025) than the mean from healthy cohorts (6.74 X 10(4) cfu/g). The predominant bacteria from affected F. ebena from July 2006 were Hafnia alvei and Aeromonas sobria, whereas from September 2008 the predominant bacteria were Enterobacter spp., Aeromonas schubertii, Aeromonas veronii by. veronii, and Aeromonas veronii by. sobria.
C1 [Starliper, Clifford E.; Schill, William B.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
[Powell, Jeff] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alabama Ecol Serv Field Off, Daphne, AL 36526 USA.
[Garner, Jeffrey T.] Alabama Dept Conservat & Nat Resources, Florence, AL 36533 USA.
RP Starliper, CE (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
EM cstarliper@usgs.gov
OI Schill, William/0000-0002-9217-984X
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI GROTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD,
GROTON, CT 06340 USA
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 2
BP 359
EP 366
DI 10.2983/035.030.0223
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 812SC
UT WOS:000294312200023
ER
PT J
AU Breitburg, D
Hondorp, D
Audemard, C
Carnegie, R
Burrell, R
Clark, V
AF Breitburg, Denise
Hondorp, Darryl
Audemard, Corinne
Carnegie, Ryan
Burrell, Rebecca
Clark, Virginia
TI BREATHLESS NIGHTS: DIEL-CYCLING HYPOXIA AND THE PREVALENCE OF PERKINSUS
MARINUS (DERMO) INFECTIONS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY OYSTERS.
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Breitburg, Denise; Burrell, Rebecca; Clark, Virginia] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 20678 USA.
[Hondorp, Darryl] USGS, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Audemard, Corinne; Carnegie, Ryan] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI GROTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD,
GROTON, CT 06340 USA
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 2
BP 488
EP 488
PG 1
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 812SC
UT WOS:000294312200055
ER
PT J
AU Soniat, TM
Abdelguerfi, M
Powell, EN
Klinck, JM
Hofmann, EE
Tu, S
Quddoura, F
Dahal, J
Danos, P
Korepuri, S
Eberline, BS
La Peyre, JF
La Peyre, MK
Ibos, KB
Banks, P
AF Soniat, Thomas M.
Abdelguerfi, Mandi
Powell, Eric N.
Klinck, John M.
Hofmann, Eileen E.
Tu, Shengru
Quddoura, Famed
Dahal, Janak
Danos, Paul
Korepuri, Shashikiran
Eberline, Benjamin S.
La Peyre, Jerome F.
La Peyre, Megan K.
Ibos, Keith B.
Banks, Patrick
TI IS HARVEST FROM THE LOUISIANA STATE PRIMARY SEED GROUNDS SUSTAINABLE?
WHAT NUMERICAL MODELING MIGHT RESOLVE
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Soniat, Thomas M.; Abdelguerfi, Mandi; Tu, Shengru; Quddoura, Famed; Dahal, Janak; Danos, Paul; Korepuri, Shashikiran] Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
[Powell, Eric N.] Rutgers State Univ, Bivalve, NJ 08349 USA.
[Klinck, John M.; Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
[Eberline, Benjamin S.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[La Peyre, Jerome F.] Cooperat Aquat Anim Hlth Res Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[La Peyre, Megan K.] US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Ibos, Keith B.; Banks, Patrick] Marine Fisheries Div, New Orleans, LA 70122 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI GROTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD,
GROTON, CT 06340 USA
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 2
BP 554
EP 554
PG 1
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 812SC
UT WOS:000294312200279
ER
PT J
AU Briggs, CW
Woodbridge, B
Collopy, MW
AF Briggs, Christopher W.
Woodbridge, Brian
Collopy, Michael W.
TI Correlates of Survival in Swainson's Hawks Breeding in Northern
California
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Buteo swainsoni; reproduction; survival; Swainson's hawk; trade-off
ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; ARGENTINA; MORTALITY; SENESCENCE; HABITAT; KESTREL;
BIRDS
AB We used a 30-year study of breeding Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni) in northern California to examine correlates of adult apparent survival using multistate models in Program MARK. Specifically, we examined age-related patterns in adult apparent survival and how adult survival was correlated with average annual nest productivity, annual reproductive output, western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) density around nest sites, distance to agriculture, and amount of agriculture within a territory. Annual estimates of adult survival varied from 0.85 to 0.9 (SE = 0.02). There were no indications of senescence or other patterns of age-related changes in adult apparent survival. Adult survival was inversely correlated with average reproductive output, with individuals producing >2 offspring having decreased survival, reflecting a possible trade-off between reproduction and survival. Conversely, reproduction in any year was positively correlated with survival, providing evidence of individual quality influencing adult survival. The distance an individual had to travel to agriculture, where most individuals forage, was negatively related to survival. Primary productivity within the average Swainson's hawk territory was positively correlated with adult survival. Our results indicate that individuals may have higher survival and fitness in areas with high proportions of irrigated agriculture that provides high prey densities, particularly alfalfa. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Briggs, Christopher W.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Woodbridge, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka, CA 96058 USA.
[Collopy, Michael W.] Univ Nevada, Acad Environm, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
RP Briggs, CW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
EM chriswbriggs@yahoo.com
FU The United States Forest Service; California Department of Fish and
Game; University of Nevada (UNR)
FX We thank the dozens of technicians who have assisted with data
collection over the 30 years of the study. We also thank the landowners
of our study area, without whose support this study would not be
possible. Particularly, we thank Prather Ranch and DonLo Ranch LP for
access and guidance. The United States Forest Service, California
Department of Fish and Game, and University of Nevada (UNR), Reno
Graduate Student Association and Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation
Biology (EECB) program provided financial and logistical support.
Finally, the UNR EECB peer review group, J. S. Sedinger, K. Titus, and
one anonymous reviewer provided valuable feedback and comments on
earlier drafts of this manuscript.
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PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 6
BP 1307
EP 1314
DI 10.1002/jwmg.167
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 806DU
UT WOS:000293787100006
ER
PT J
AU Randall, LA
Diehl, RH
Wilson, BC
Barrow, WC
Jeske, CW
AF Randall, Lori A.
Diehl, Robert H.
Wilson, Barry C.
Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.
Jeske, Clinton W.
TI Potential Use of Weather Radar to Study Movements of Wintering Waterfowl
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE foraging flight; ground-truth; Louisiana; NEXRAD; waterfowl; weather
radar; winter
ID FEMALE NORTHERN PINTAILS; BIRD MOVEMENTS; WSR-88D; QUANTIFICATION;
MIGRATION; PATTERNS; DISPLAY
AB To protect and restore wintering waterfowl habitat, managers require knowledge of routine wintering waterfowl movements and habitat use. During preliminary screening of Doppler weather radar data we observed biological movements consistent with routine foraging flights of wintering waterfowl known to occur near Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Louisiana. During the winters of 2004-2005 and 2005-2006, we conducted field surveys to identify the source of the radar echoes emanating from Lacassine NWR. We compared field data to weather radar reflectivity data. Spatial and temporal patterns consistent with foraging flight movements appeared in weather radar data on all dates of field surveys. Dabbling ducks were the dominant taxa flying within the radar beam during the foraging flight period. Using linear regression, we found a positive log-linear relationship between average radar reflectivity (Z) and number of birds detected over the study area (P < 0.001, r(2) = 0.62, n = 40). Ground observations and the statistically significant relationship between radar data and field data confirm that Doppler weather radar recorded the foraging flights of dabbling ducks. Weather radars may be effective tools for wintering waterfowl management because they provide broad-scale views of both diurnal and nocturnal movements. In addition, an extensive data archive enables the study of wintering waterfowl response to habitat loss, agricultural practices, wetland restoration, and other research questions that require multiple years of data. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Randall, Lori A.; Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.; Jeske, Clinton W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Diehl, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Wilson, Barry C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Randall, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM randalll@usgs.gov
FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Gulf Coast Joint Venture
FX We thank J. Buler for helpful discussions about the analyses and
manuscript, D. Johnson for statistical assistance, and D. Haukos for
comments on an initial draft of the manuscript. We also thank the staff
of Lacassine NWR for providing access to the refuge. Our research was
funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Gulf Coast Joint
Venture. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States
Government.
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PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 6
BP 1324
EP 1329
DI 10.1002/jwmg.173
PG 6
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 806DU
UT WOS:000293787100008
ER
PT J
AU Ruth, TK
Haroldson, MA
Murphy, KM
Buotte, PC
Hornocker, MG
Quigley, HB
AF Ruth, Toni K.
Haroldson, Mark A.
Murphy, Kerry M.
Buotte, Polly C.
Hornocker, Maurice G.
Quigley, Howard B.
TI Cougar Survival and Source-Sink Structure on Greater Yellowstone's
Northern Range
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE cougar; infanticide; elevation; Greater Yellowstone Northern Range;
Program MARK; Puma concolor; road density; source-sink dynamics;
survival; wolf
ID NATIONAL-PARK; MOUNTAIN LIONS; GRIZZLY BEARS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS;
HUNTED POPULATION; PUMA-CONCOLOR; GRAY WOLVES; HABITAT; WOLF; ELK
AB We studied survival and causes of mortality of radiocollared cougars (Puma concolor) on the Greater Yellowstone Northern Range (GYNR) prior to (1987-1994) and after wolf (Canis lupus) reintroduction (1998-2005) and evaluated temporal, spatial, and environmental factors that explain variation in adult, subadult, and kitten survival. Using Program MARK and multimodel inference, we modeled cougar survival based on demographic status, season, and landscape attributes. Our best models for adult and independent subadults indicated that females survived better than males and survival increased with age until cougars reached older ages. Lower elevations and increasing density of roads, particularly in areas open to cougar hunting north of Yellowstone National Park (YNP), increased mortality risks for cougars on the GYNR. Indices of ungulate biomass, cougar and wolf population size, winter severity, rainfall, and individual characteristics such as the presence of dependent young, age class, and use of Park or Wilderness were not important predictors of survival. Kitten survival increased with age, was lower during winter, increased with increasing minimum estimates of elk calf biomass, and increased with increasing density of adult male cougars. Using our best model, we mapped adult cougar survival on the GYNR landscape. Results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated a good model fit for both female (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.70-0.92, n = 35 locations) and male cougars (AUC = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.74-0.94, n 49 locations) relative to hunter harvest locations in our study area. Using minimum estimates of survival necessary to sustain the study population, we developed a source-sink surface and we identify several measures that resource management agencies can take to enhance cougar population management based on a source-sink strategy. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Ruth, Toni K.; Buotte, Polly C.; Hornocker, Maurice G.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Hornocker Wildlife Inst, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Haroldson, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Murphy, Kerry M.] Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA.
[Quigley, Howard B.] Craighead Beringia S, Kelly, WY 83011 USA.
[Quigley, Howard B.] Panthera, Bozeman, MT 59719 USA.
RP Ruth, TK (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Hornocker Wildlife Inst, 301 N Wilson Ave, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
EM truth@centurytel.net
FU Argosy Foundation; Chase Wildlife Foundation; John and Kathryn Harris,
Laura Moore Cunningham Foundation; Michael Kline Foundation; Richard
King Mellon Foundation; Summerlee Foundation; United States Geological
Survey (USGS); Wildlife Conservation Society; YNP; National Park
Service; MDFWP; United States Forest Service
FX Funding was provided by the Argosy Foundation, Chase Wildlife
Foundation, John and Kathryn Harris, Laura Moore Cunningham Foundation,
Michael Kline Foundation, Richard King Mellon Foundation, Summerlee
Foundation, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Interagency Grizzly
Bear Study Team Partners, Wildlife Conservation Society, and YNP. R.
Stradley, S. Monger, B. Chapman, and D. Chapman provided valuable flying
service. We thank houndsmen G. Hedrick, R. Cooper, W. Craddock, B.
Shultz, and particularly T. R. Knuchel for assistance with reliable and
safe captures. Numerous field assistants contributed to the project,
most notably J. Cole, G. Felzien, T. Fredrickson, B. Holmes, M. Johnson,
M. Maples, J. Newby, S. Relyea, M. Sawaya, E. Shanahan, D. Stahler, J.
Tischendorf, and C. Whitman. W. Brewster, C. Hendrix, G. Plumb, and J.
Varley, YNP, provided administrative oversight and facilitated National
Park Service funding. We thank MDFWP, United States Forest Service, and
YNP for support of our study. In particular, D. W. Smith, YNP Wolf
Project Coordinator, was a valuable collaborator and provided data on
wolf use and density. We thank C. Schwartz and L. Ladenburger with the
USGS Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team for spatial layers for the GYE
and valuable input throughout the analysis and writing process. We thank
P. C. Hernandez and A. J. Hansen for providing coverages of rural
residential homes. We appreciate preliminary reviews of the draft
manuscript provided by C. R. Anderson, Jr. and H. S. Cooley as part of
the USGS Fundamental Sciences Practices requirement. We thank K. A.
Logan, an anonymous reviewer, and Associate Editor M. Gompper for
assistance in the review process. All suggestions and editorial comments
improved the quality of our manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or
firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the United States Government.
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PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 6
BP 1381
EP 1398
DI 10.1002/jwmg.190
PG 18
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 806DU
UT WOS:000293787100013
ER
PT J
AU Larsen, RT
Bissonette, JA
Flinders, JT
Robinson, AC
AF Larsen, Randy T.
Bissonette, John A.
Flinders, Jerran T.
Robinson, Aaron C.
TI Does Small-Perimeter Fencing Inhibit Mule Deer or Pronghorn Use of Water
Developments?
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE exclosure; guzzler; negative binomial; water development; zero-inflated
ID SOUTHERN ARIZONA; SITE SELECTION; BIGHORN SHEEP; DESERT; WILDLIFE;
PRODUCTIVITY; HYPOTHESES; PATTERNS; DESIGN; MODELS
AB Wildlife water development can be an important habitat management strategy in western North America for many species, including both pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). In many areas, water developments are fenced (often with small-perimeter fencing) to exclude domestic livestock and feral horses. Small-perimeter exclosures could limit wild ungulate use of fenced water sources, as exclosures present a barrier pronghorn and mule deer must negotiate to gain access to fenced drinking water. To evaluate the hypothesis that exclosures limit wild ungulate access to water sources, we compared use (photo counts) of fenced versus unfenced water sources for both pronghorn and mule deer between June and October 2002-2008 in western Utah. We used model selection to identify an adequate distribution and best approximating model. We selected a zero-inflated negative binomial distribution for both pronghorn and mule deer photo counts. Both pronghorn and mule deer photo counts were positively associated with sampling time and average daily maximum temperature in top models. A fence effect was present in top models for both pronghorn and mule deer, but mule deer response to small-perimeter fencing was much more pronounced than pronghorn response. For mule deer, we estimated that presence of a fence around water developments reduced photo counts by a factor of 0.25. We suggest eliminating fencing of water developments whenever possible or fencing a big enough area around water sources to avoid inhibiting mule deer. More generally, our results provide additional evidence that water development design and placement influence wildlife use. Failure to account for species-specific preferences will limit effectiveness of management actions and could compromise research results. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Larsen, Randy T.; Flinders, Jerran T.] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
[Larsen, Randy T.] ML Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
[Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Robinson, Aaron C.] N Dakota Game & Fish Dept, Dickinson, ND 58601 USA.
RP Larsen, RT (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, 407 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
EM randy_larsen@byu.edu
FU Brigham Young University; Carson Valley Chukar Club; Mule Deer
Foundation; National Wild Turkey Federation; Nevada Chukar Foundation;
Pershing County Chukars Unlimited; Pheasants Forever; Rocky Mountain Elk
Foundation; Salt Lake County Fish and Game Association; Sportsmen for
Fish and Wildlife; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Utah State
University; Water for Wildlife Foundation
FX We thank M. Mills, M. Westover, and R. Edgel for their help with field
work. E. Perkins, T. Proctor, members of the Utah Upland Game Advisory
Committee and Utah Chukar and Wildlife Foundation provided many
volunteer hours. Brigham Young University, Carson Valley Chukar Club,
Mule Deer Foundation, National Wild Turkey Federation, Nevada Chukar
Foundation, Pershing County Chukars Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, Rocky
Mountain Elk Foundation, Salt Lake County Fish and Game Association,
Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources,
Utah State University, and Water for Wildlife Foundation provided
financial and logistical support of this research. We thank S. Petersen
and T. Smith, for initial review of a draft of this manuscript, and 3
anonymous reviewers who provided constructive feedback. Use of trade or
firm names is for reader information only and does not imply endorsement
by the United States Geological Survey of any product or service. The
cooperators of the Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit are Utah
Division of Wildlife Resources, Utah State University, United States
Geological Survey, Wildlife Management Institute, and United States Fish
and Wildlife Service.
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PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 6
BP 1417
EP 1425
DI 10.1002/jwmg.163
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 806DU
UT WOS:000293787100016
ER
PT J
AU Peacock, E
Titus, K
Garshelis, DL
Peacock, MM
Kuc, M
AF Peacock, Elizabeth
Titus, Kimberly
Garshelis, David L.
Peacock, Mary M.
Kuc, Miroslaw
TI Mark-Recapture Using Tetracycline and Genetics Reveal Record-High Bear
Density
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE abundance estimation; Alexander Archipelago; black bear; components of
variance; mark-recapture; microsatellites; Southeast Alaska;
tetracycline biomarker; Ursus americanus
ID AMERICAN BROWN BEARS; BLACK BEAR; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; POPULATION;
SIZE; DNA
AB We used tetracycline biomarking, augmented with genetic methods to estimate the size of an American black bear (Ursus americanus) population on an island in Southeast Alaska. We marked 132 and 189 bears that consumed remote, tetracycline-laced baits in 2 different years, respectively, and observed 39 marks in 692 bone samples subsequently collected from hunters. We genetically analyzed hair samples from bait sites to determine the sex of marked bears, facilitating derivation of sex-specific population estimates. We obtained harvest samples from beyond the study area to correct for emigration. We estimated a density of 155 independent bears/100 km(2), which is equivalent to the highest recorded for this species. This high density appears to be maintained by abundant, accessible natural food. Our population estimate (approx. 1,000 bears) could be used as a baseline and to set hunting quotas. The refined biomarking method for abundance estimation is a useful alternative where physical captures or DNA-based estimates are precluded by cost or logistics. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Peacock, Elizabeth; Peacock, Mary M.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Titus, Kimberly] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Juneau, AK 99811 USA.
[Garshelis, David L.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA.
[Peacock, Mary M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Peacock, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM lpeacock@usgs.gov
FU ADFG; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration; University of Nevada-Reno
FX We thank the following field assistants: E. Balmin, N. Barten, R.
Borntraeger, J. Brainerd, J. Conaway, A. DeGayner, E. Duerkup, B.
Fanson, R. Grant, S. Hampton, P. Hessing, D. Hill, G. Ith, R. Lowell, V.
Kirchoff, S. Merten, B. Peacock, B. Porter, D. Reichel, C. Rice, N.
Tankersley, Y. Wang, R. Weaver, K. White, B. Wright, M. Wright, and C.
VanStratt. Funding and logistics for this project were provided by ADFG
and Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration and intramural support to M.
Peacock (University of Nevada-Reno). Significant in-kind support from
the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (P.
Grantham) made the project possible. B. Dinneford, L. Schmidt, B. Minn,
L. Chatham, and especially R. Lowell and M. Meucci provided logistic
support. D. Person, S. Miller, and an anonymous reviewer provided
constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This
study would not have been possible without the cooperation of guides and
hunters who submitted samples.
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PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 6
BP 1513
EP 1520
DI 10.1002/jwmg.171
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 806DU
UT WOS:000293787100027
ER
PT J
AU Wald, DJ
Jaiswal, KS
Marano, KD
Bausch, D
AF Wald, D. J.
Jaiswal, K. S.
Marano, K. D.
Bausch, D.
TI Earthquake Impact Scale
SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
DE PAGER; Impact scale; Earthquake
ID CATALOG
AB With the advent of the USGS prompt assessment of global earthquakes for response (PAGER) system, which rapidly assesses earthquake impacts, U.S. and international earthquake responders are reconsidering their automatic alert and activation levels and response procedures. To help facilitate rapid and appropriate earthquake response, an Earthquake Impact Scale (EIS) is proposed on the basis of two complementary criteria. On the basis of the estimated cost of damage, one is most suitable for domestic events; the other, on the basis of estimated ranges of fatalities, is generally more appropriate for global events, particularly in developing countries. Simple thresholds, derived from the systematic analysis of past earthquake impact and associated response levels, are quite effective in communicating predicted impact and response needed after an event through alerts of green (little or no impact), yellow (regional impact and response), orange (national-scale impact and response), and red (international response). Corresponding fatality thresholds for yellow, orange, and red alert levels are 1, 100, and 1,000, respectively. For damage impact, yellow, orange, and red thresholds are triggered by estimated losses reaching $1M, $100M, and $1B, respectively. The rationale for a dual approach to earthquake alerting stems from the recognition that relatively high fatalities, injuries, and homelessness predominate in countries in which local building practices typically lend themselves to high collapse and casualty rates, and these impacts lend to prioritization for international response. In contrast, financial and overall societal impacts often trigger the level of response in regions or countries in which prevalent earthquake resistant construction practices greatly reduce building collapse and resulting fatalities. Any newly devised alert, whether economic- or casualty-based, should be intuitive and consistent with established lexicons and procedures. Useful alerts should also be both specific (although allowably uncertain) and actionable. In this analysis, an attempt is made at both simple and intuitive color-coded alerting criteria; yet the necessary uncertainty measures by which one can gauge the likelihood for the alert to be over- or underestimated are preserved. The essence of the proposed impact scale and alerting is that actionable loss information is now available in the immediate aftermath of significant earthquakes worldwide on the basis of quantifiable loss estimates. Utilizing EIS, PAGER's rapid loss estimates can adequately recommend alert levels and suggest appropriate response protocols, despite the uncertainties; demanding or awaiting observations or loss estimates with a high level of accuracy may increase the losses. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000040. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Wald, D. J.; Jaiswal, K. S.; Marano, K. D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Bausch, D.] FEMA, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Wald, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM wald@usgs.gov
OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514
FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
FX We thank Dirk Hollnack of Munich Reinsurance for providing loss data
from Munich Re's NatCat Service and Helen Crowley from the Global
Earthquake Model (GEM) group for facilitating PAGER/GEM efforts and
access to loss data. Discussions with colleagues Helen Crowley, Keith
Porter, and Paul Earle contributed significantly to the results
presented. Reviews by Mike Blanpied and Ross Stein improved the
presentation greatly. PAGER software engineer Mike Hearne must be
acknowledged for the success of the underlying PAGER programs and
real-time operations. Additional support for the PAGER system and EIS is
provided by United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
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PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1527-6988
J9 NAT HAZARDS REV
JI Nat. Hazards Rev.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 3
BP 125
EP 139
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000040
PG 15
WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA 814DR
UT WOS:000294427000003
ER
PT J
AU Keeley, JE
Pausas, JG
Rundel, PW
Bond, WJ
Bradstock, RA
AF Keeley, Jon E.
Pausas, Juli G.
Rundel, Philip W.
Bond, William J.
Bradstock, Ross A.
TI Fire as an evolutionary pressure shaping plant traits
SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
ID SEED-GERMINATION; FLAMMABILITY; SMOKE; STRATEGIES; BIODIVERSITY
AB Traits, such as resprouting, serotiny and germination by heat and smoke, are adaptive in fire-prone environments. However, plants are not adapted to fire per se but to fire regimes. Species can be threatened when humans alter the regime, often by increasing or decreasing fire frequency. Fire-adaptive traits are potentially the result of different evolutionary pathways. Distinguishing between traits that are adaptations originating in response to fire or exaptations originating in response to other factors might not always be possible. However, fire has been a factor throughout the history of land-plant evolution and is not strictly a Neogene phenomenon. Mesozoic fossils show evidence of fire-adaptive traits and, in some lineages, these might have persisted to the present as fire adaptations.
C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
[Keeley, Jon E.; Rundel, Philip W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Pausas, Juli G.] Spanish Natl Res Council CIDE CSIC, Ctr Invest Desertificac, Valencia 46113, Spain.
[Bond, William J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
[Bradstock, Ross A.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Environm Risk Management Bushfires, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov
RI Pausas, Juli/C-5794-2008
OI Pausas, Juli/0000-0003-3533-5786
FU Spanish Government [CGL2009-12048/BOS]
FX JGP acknowledges VIRRA (CGL2009-12048/BOS) support from the Spanish
Government. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
US Government.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 1360-1385
J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI
JI Trends Plant Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 16
IS 8
BP 406
EP 411
DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.04.002
PG 6
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 813VM
UT WOS:000294398300002
PM 21571573
ER
PT J
AU Moseman-Valtierra, S
Gonzalez, R
Kroeger, KD
Tang, JW
Chao, WC
Crusius, J
Bratton, J
Green, A
Shelton, J
AF Moseman-Valtierra, Serena
Gonzalez, Rosalinda
Kroeger, Kevin D.
Tang, Jianwu
Chao, Wei Chun
Crusius, John
Bratton, John
Green, Adrian
Shelton, James
TI Short-term nitrogen additions can shift a coastal wetland from a sink to
a source of N2O
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Greenhouse gases; Marsh; Methane; Eutrophication; Plum Island estuary;
Global warming potential
ID NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; OXIDE EMISSIONS; SEDIMENTS; CARBON; MARSH;
ECOSYSTEMS; ESTUARY; METHANE; SOIL; GROUNDWATER
AB Coastal salt marshes sequester carbon at high rates relative to other ecosystems and emit relatively little methane particularly compared to freshwater wetlands. However, fluxes of all major greenhouse gases (N2O, CH4,and CO2) need to be quantified for accurate assessment of the climatic roles of these ecosystems. Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (via run-off, atmospheric deposition, and wastewater) impact coastal marshes. To test the hypothesis that a pulse of nitrogen loading may increase greenhouse gas emissions from salt marsh sediments, we compared N2O, CH4 and respiratory CO2 fluxes from nitrate-enriched plots in a Spartina patens marsh (receiving single additions of NaNO3 equivalent to 1.4 g N m(-2)) to those from control plots (receiving only artificial seawater solutions) in three short-term experiments (July 2009, April 2010, and June 2010). In July 2009, we also compared N2O and CH4 fluxes in both opaque and transparent chambers to test the influence of light on gas flux measurements. Background fluxes of N2O in July 2009 averaged -33 mu mol N2O m(-2) day(-1). However, within 1 h of nutrient additions, N2O fluxes were significantly greater in plots receiving nitrate additions relative to controls in July 2009. Respiratory rates and CH4 fluxes were not significantly affected. N2O fluxes were significantly higher in dark than in transparent chambers, averaging 108 and 42 mu mol N2O m(-2) day(-1) respectively. After 2 days, when nutrient concentrations returned to background levels, none of the greenhouse gas fluxes differed from controls. In April 2010, N2O and CH4 fluxes were not significantly affected by nitrate, possibly due to higher nitrogen demands by growing S. patens plants, but in June 2010 trends of higher N2O fluxes were again found among nitrate-enriched plots, indicating that responses to nutrient pulses may be strongest during the summer. In terms of carbon equivalents, the highest average N2O and CH4 fluxes observed, exceeded half the magnitude of typical daily net carbon sequestration rates by salt marshes. Thus, anthropogenic additions of nitrate to coasts can substantially alter N2O fluxes from marshes, although substantial temporal variation in these fluxes was observed. To better assess the climatic roles of salt marshes, greenhouse gas emissions need to be studied in the context of chronic nitrogen loads that impact many coastal ecosystems. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Moseman-Valtierra, Serena; Gonzalez, Rosalinda; Kroeger, Kevin D.; Crusius, John; Bratton, John; Green, Adrian] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Gonzalez, Rosalinda] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Tang, Jianwu; Chao, Wei Chun; Shelton, James] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Shelton, James] Arkansas State Univ, Coll Sci & Math, State Univ, AR 72467 USA.
RP Moseman-Valtierra, S (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Biol, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA.
EM mosemans@bc.edu
RI Tang, Jianwu/K-6798-2014;
OI Tang, Jianwu/0000-0003-2498-9012; Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349;
Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981
FU USGS in Woods Hole, Massachusetts; PIE-LTER reserve [NSF-OCE 0423565];
Woods Hole Partnership Education Program; Boston College
FX S. Moseman-Valtierra was supported by a Mendenhall post-doctoral
research fellowship at USGS in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Additional
support came from a grant to the PIE-LTER reserve (NSF-OCE 0423565).
Rosalinda Gonzalez and James Shelton contributed to the project in July
2009 with support from the Woods Hole Partnership Education Program.
Sandy Balwin and T. Wally Brooks of USGS Woods Hole provided substantial
assistance with field work. Sandy Baldwin also prepared Figure 1. The
gas chromatograph used in April and June 2010 was funded by Boston
College, and undergraduates including Kelsey Fisher provided research
assistance, with a Boston College Undergraduate Research Fellowship. We
also thank Anne Giblin for help with research coordination at Plum
Island and 2 anonymous reviewers for their comments.
NR 38
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U1 16
U2 108
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 26
BP 4390
EP 4397
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.046
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 804US
UT WOS:000293680100007
ER
PT J
AU Marske, JP
Pietruszka, AJ
Trusdell, FA
Garcia, MO
AF Marske, Jared P.
Pietruszka, Aaron J.
Trusdell, Frank A.
Garcia, Michael O.
TI Geochemistry of southern Pagan Island lavas, Mariana arc: the role of
subduction zone processes
SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Subduction; Partial melting; Mariana arc; Pagan Island; Volcanoes
ID TRACE-ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS; EAST PACIFIC RISE; MELT INCLUSIONS;
PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; MANTLE HETEROGENEITY; CONTINENTAL-CRUST;
VOLCANIC ZONE; MAGMA SOURCES; CONSTRAINTS; SLAB
AB New major and trace element abundances, and Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic ratios of Quaternary lavas from two adjacent volcanoes (South Pagan and the Central Volcanic Region, or CVR) located on Pagan Island allow us to investigate the mantle source (i.e., slab components) and melting dynamics within the Mariana intra-oceanic arc. Geologic mapping reveals a pre-caldera (780-9.4 ka) and post-caldera (<9.4 ka) eruptive stage for South Pagan, whereas the eruptive history of the older CVR is poorly constrained. Crystal fractionation and magma mixing were important crustal processes for lavas from both volcanoes. Geochemical and isotopic variations indicate that South Pagan and CVR lavas, and lavas from the northern volcano on the island, Mt. Pagan, originated from compositionally distinct parental magmas due to variations in slab contributions (sediment and aqueous fluid) to the mantle wedge and the extent of mantle partial melting. A mixing model based on Pb and Nd isotopic ratios suggests that the average amount of sediment in the source of CVR (similar to 2.1%) and South Pagan (similar to 1.8%) lavas is slightly higher than Mt. Pagan (similar to 1.4%) lavas. These estimates span the range of sediment-poor Guguan (similar to 1.3%) and sediment-rich Agrigan (similar to 2.0%) lavas for the Mariana arc. Melt modeling demonstrates that the saucer-shaped normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns observed in Pagan lavas can arise from partial melting of a mixed source of depleted mantle and enriched sediment, and do not require amphibole interaction or fractionation to depress the middle REE abundances of the lavas. The modeled degree of mantle partial melting for Agrigan (2-5%), Pagan (3-7%), and Guguan (9-15%) lavas correlates with indicators of fluid addition (e. g., Ba/Th). This relationship suggests that the fluid flux to the mantle wedge is the dominant control on the extent of partial melting beneath Mariana arc volcanoes. A decrease in the amount of fluid addition (lower Ba/Th) and extent of melting (higher Sm/Yb), and an increase in the sediment contribution (higher Th/Nb, La/Sm, and Pb isotopic ratios) from Mt. Pagan to South Pagan could reflect systematic crossarc or irregular along-arc melting variations. These observations indicate that the length scale of compositional heterogeneity in the mantle wedge beneath Mariana arc volcanoes is small (similar to 10 km).
C1 [Marske, Jared P.; Garcia, Michael O.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Pietruszka, Aaron J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Trusdell, Frank A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Volcano Observ, Hawaii, HI 96718 USA.
RP Marske, JP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM marske@hawaii.edu
FU United States Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [EAR
07-38817, EAR 07-38671]; two Harold T. Stearns Fellowship
FX We would like to thank Julie Herring, Game McGimsey, Maurice Sako, and
Daisy Wheeler for assistance during the Pagan fieldwork. Our warmest
aloha to Mike Cunningham of Americopters, the CNMI Emergency management
office personnel (especially Juan Camacho, Ramon Chong, and Joe Kaipat),
the crew of the Tenshe 2, and the Pagan residents for helping with the
island transportation, field logistics, and hunting our food. Much
appreciation goes to Joan Willis for her assistance in the clean
laboratory at SDSU. We thank Jim Gill, John Pallister, Ian Ridley and an
anonymous reviewer for their critical and helpful reviews. This research
was funded by the United States Geological Survey to F. A. T., National
Science Foundation grants to M.O.G. (EAR 07-38817) and A.J.P. (EAR
07-38671), and two Harold T. Stearns Fellowship grants awarded to J.P.M.
This is SOEST contribution number 7573.
NR 80
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0010-7999
J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR
JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 162
IS 2
BP 231
EP 252
DI 10.1007/s00410-010-0592-1
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 811NB
UT WOS:000294216800001
ER
PT J
AU Jaiswal, K
Wald, D
D'Ayala, D
AF Jaiswal, Kishor
Wald, David
D'Ayala, Dina
TI Developing Empirical Collapse Fragility Functions for Global Building
Types
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
DE earthquake engineering; probability; structural engineering
AB Building collapse is the dominant cause of casualties during earthquakes. In order to better predict human fatalities, the U.S. Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) program requires collapse fragility functions for global building types. The collapse fragility is expressed as the probability of collapse at discrete levels of the input hazard defined in terms of macroseismic intensity. This article provides a simple procedure for quantifying collapse fragility using vulnerability criteria based on the European Macroseismic Scale (1998) for selected European building types. In addition, the collapse fragility functions are developed for global building types by fitting the beta distribution to the multiple experts' estimates for the same building type (obtained from EERI's World Housing Encyclopedia (WHE)-PAGER survey). Finally, using the collapse probability distributions at each shaking intensity level as a prior and field-based collapse-rate observations as likelihood, it is possible to update the collapse fragility functions for global building types using the Bayesian procedure. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3606398]
C1 [Jaiswal, Kishor; Wald, David] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA.
[D'Ayala, Dina] Univ Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
RP Jaiswal, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA.
EM kjaiswal@usgs.gov
OI D'Ayala, Dina/0000-0003-3864-2052; Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514
NR 20
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 8
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 3
BP 775
EP 795
DI 10.1193/1.3606398
PG 21
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 806FV
UT WOS:000293792600007
ER
PT J
AU Stewart, JP
Abrahamson, NA
Atkinson, GM
Baker, JW
Boore, DM
Bozorgnia, Y
Campbell, KW
Comartin, CD
Idriss, IM
Lew, M
Mehrain, M
Moehle, JP
Naeim, F
Sabol, TA
AF Stewart, Jonathan P.
Abrahamson, Norman A.
Atkinson, Gail M.
Baker, Jack W.
Boore, David M.
Bozorgnia, Yousef
Campbell, Kenneth W.
Comartin, Craig D.
Idriss, I. M.
Lew, Marshall
Mehrain, Michael
Moehle, Jack P.
Naeim, Farzad
Sabol, Thomas A.
TI Representation of Bidirectional Ground Motions for Design Spectra in
Building Codes
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE building standards; design engineering; earthquake engineering;
mechanical strength; structural engineering; vibrations
ID HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; ACCELERATION
AB The 2009 NEHRP Provisions modified the definition of horizontal ground motion from the geometric mean of spectral accelerations for two components to the peak response of a single lumped mass oscillator regardless of direction. These maximum-direction (MD) ground motions operate under the assumption that the dynamic properties of the structure (e.g., stiffness, strength) are identical in all directions. This assumption may be true for some in-plan symmetric structures, however, the response of most structures is dominated by modes of vibration along specific axes (e.g., longitudinal and transverse axes in a building), and often the dynamic properties (especially stiffness) along those axes are distinct. In order to achieve structural designs consistent with the collapse risk level given in the NEHRP documents, we argue that design spectra should be compatible with expected levels of ground motion along those principal response axes. The use of MD ground motions effectively assumes that the azimuth of maximum ground motion coincides with the directions of principal structural response. Because this is unlikely, design ground motions have lower probability of occurrence than intended, with significant societal costs. We recommend adjustments to make design ground motions compatible with target risk levels. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3608001]
C1 [Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Abrahamson, Norman A.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94177 USA.
[Atkinson, Gail M.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
[Baker, Jack W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Bozorgnia, Yousef] Pacific Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Campbell, Kenneth W.] EQECAT Inc, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA.
[Comartin, Craig D.] CD Comartin Inc, Stockton, CA 90015 USA.
[Idriss, I. M.] Consulting Engn, Santa Fe, NM 87594 USA.
[Lew, Marshall] MACTEC Engn & Consulting Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90040 USA.
[Mehrain, Michael] URS Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA.
[Moehle, Jack P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Naeim, Farzad] John A Martin & Associates, Los Angeles, CA 90015 USA.
[Sabol, Thomas A.] Englekirk & Sabol, Los Angeles, CA 90018 USA.
RP Stewart, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM jstewart@seas.ucla.edu; naa3@earthlink.net; gmatkinson@aol.com;
bakerjw@stanford.edu; boore@usgs.gov; yousef@berkeley.edu;
kcampbell@eqecat.com; ccomartin@comartin.net; imidriss@aol.com;
mlew@mactec.com; michael_mehrain@urscorp.com; moehle@berkeley.edu;
FARZAD@johnmartin.com; tom.sabol@englekirk.com
RI Baker, Jack/F-2495-2010
OI Baker, Jack/0000-0003-2744-9599
NR 20
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 13
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 3
BP 927
EP 937
DI 10.1193/1.3608001
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 806FV
UT WOS:000293792600014
ER
PT J
AU Flores, GE
Campbell, JH
Kirshtein, JD
Meneghin, J
Podar, M
Steinberg, JI
Seewald, JS
Tivey, MK
Voytek, MA
Yang, ZK
Reysenbach, AL
AF Flores, Gilberto E.
Campbell, James H.
Kirshtein, Julie D.
Meneghin, Jennifer
Podar, Mircea
Steinberg, Joshua I.
Seewald, Jeffrey S.
Tivey, Margaret Kingston
Voytek, Mary A.
Yang, Zamin K.
Reysenbach, Anna-Louise
TI Microbial community structure of hydrothermal deposits from
geochemically different vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; DEEP-SEA; LUCKY-STRIKE; EPSILON-PROTEOBACTERIA;
ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; PHASE-SEPARATION; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; RARE
BIOSPHERE; SEQUENCE DATA; BLACK SMOKER
AB To evaluate the effects of local fluid geochemistry on microbial communities associated with active hydrothermal vent deposits, we examined the archaeal and bacterial communities of 12 samples collected from two very different vent fields: the basalt-hosted Lucky Strike (37 degrees 17'N, 32 degrees 16.3'W, depth 1600-1750 m) and the ultramafic-hosted Rainbow (36 degrees 13'N, 33 degrees 54.1'W, depth 2270-2330 m) vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Using multiplexed barcoded pyrosequencing of the variable region 4 (V4) of the 16S rRNA genes, we show statistically significant differences between the archaeal and bacterial communities associated with the different vent fields. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays of the functional gene diagnostic for methanogenesis (mcrA), as well as geochemical modelling to predict pore fluid chemistries within the deposits, support the pyrosequencing observations. Collectively, these results show that the less reduced, hydrogen-poor fluids at Lucky Strike limit colonization by strict anaerobes such as methanogens, and allow for hyperthermophilic microaerophiles, like Aeropyrum. In contrast, the hydrogen-rich reducing vent fluids at the ultramafic-influenced Rainbow vent field support the prevalence of methanogens and other hydrogen-oxidizing thermophiles at this site. These results demonstrate that biogeographical patterns of hydrothermal vent microorganisms are shaped in part by large scale geological and geochemical processes.
C1 [Flores, Gilberto E.; Meneghin, Jennifer; Reysenbach, Anna-Louise] Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
[Campbell, James H.; Podar, Mircea; Yang, Zamin K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
[Kirshtein, Julie D.; Voytek, Mary A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Steinberg, Joshua I.] Oregon Episcopal Sch, Portland, OR 97223 USA.
[Seewald, Jeffrey S.; Tivey, Margaret Kingston] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Voytek, Mary A.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Reysenbach, AL (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
EM reysenbacha@pdx.edu
OI Podar, Mircea/0000-0003-2776-0205
FU United States National Science Foundation [OCE-0728391, OCE-0937404,
OCE-0937392, OCE-0549829]; Water Resources Division, USGS; Oak Ridge
National Laboratory (ORNL); US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX We thank the crew of the R/V Roger Revelle and the DSROV Jason II for
their assistance in obtaining the samples. This research was supported
by the United States National Science Foundation (OCE-0728391 and
OCE-0937404 to A.-L. R.; OCE-0937392 to M. K. T.; OCE-0549829 to J.S.S.)
and the US National Research Program, Water Resources Division, USGS (M.
A. V. and J.D.K.). J.H.C., Z.K.Y. and M. P. were sponsored by the
Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge
National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 73
TC 68
Z9 70
U1 5
U2 69
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1462-2912
J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL
JI Environ. Microbiol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 8
BP 2158
EP 2171
DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02463.x
PG 14
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 809RY
UT WOS:000294075600018
PM 21418499
ER
PT J
AU Fiske, IJ
Chandler, RB
AF Fiske, Ian J.
Chandler, Richard B.
TI Unmarked: An R Package for Fitting Hierarchical Models of Wildlife
Occurrence and Abundance
SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE
LA English
DT Article
DE ecological; wildlife; hierarchical; occupancy; occurrence; distance;
point count
ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; REPLICATED COUNTS; MIXTURE-MODELS;
POPULATION; EXTINCTION
AB Ecological research uses data collection techniques that are prone to substantial and unique types of measurement error to address scientific questions about species abundance and distribution. These data collection schemes include a number of survey methods in which unmarked individuals are counted, or determined to be present, at spatially-referenced sites. Examples include site occupancy sampling, repeated counts, distance sampling, removal sampling, and double observer sampling. To appropriately analyze these data, hierarchical models have been developed to separately model explanatory variables of both a latent abundance or occurrence process and a conditional detection process. Because these models have a straightforward interpretation paralleling mechanisms under which the data arose, they have recently gained immense popularity. The common hierarchical structure of these models is well-suited for a unified modeling interface. The R package unmarked provides such a unified modeling framework, including tools for data exploration, model fitting, model criticism, post-hoc analysis, and model comparison.
C1 [Fiske, Ian J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Chandler, Richard B.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Gabrielson Lab, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Fiske, IJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, 2311 Stinson Dr,Campus Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM ijfiske@ncsu.edu; rchandler@usgs.gov
FU United States Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
FX The authors thank Andy Royle of the United States Geological Survey's
Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, who provided initial funding and
inspiration for this work. Andy Royle and Robert Dorazio made valuable
suggestions that greatly improved an earlier version of the manuscript
NR 21
TC 287
Z9 292
U1 23
U2 106
PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE
PI LOS ANGELES
PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES,
CA 90095-1554 USA
SN 1548-7660
J9 J STAT SOFTW
JI J. Stat. Softw.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 43
IS 10
BP 1
EP 23
PG 23
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics &
Probability
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA 811RY
UT WOS:000294232000001
ER
PT J
AU Williams, GJ
Knapp, IS
Maragos, JE
Davy, SK
AF Williams, Gareth J.
Knapp, Ingrid S.
Maragos, James E.
Davy, Simon K.
TI Proximate environmental drivers of coral communities at Palmyra Atoll:
Establishing baselines prior to removing a WWII military causeway
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Sediment; Coral communities; Coral decline; Military causeway; Palmyra
Atoll; Central Pacific
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; AUSTRALIAN SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; SEDIMENT-REJECTION;
SPECIES RICHNESS; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; ACROPORA-MILLEPORA; MODEL
SELECTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRINGING-REEF; INDIAN-OCEAN
AB A management proposal aims to partly remove a WWII military causeway at Palmyra Atoll to improve lagoon water circulation and alleviate sedimentation stress on the southeast backreef, an area of high coral cover and diversity. This action could result in a shift in sedimentation across reef sites. To provide management advice, we quantified the proximate environmental factors driving scleractinian coral cover and community patterns at Palmyra. The proportion of fine sedimentation was the optimal predictor of coral cover and changes in community structure, explaining 23.7% and 24.7% of the variation between sites, respectively. Scleractinian coral cover was negatively correlated with increases in fine sedimentation. Removing the causeway could negatively affect the Montipora corals that dominate the western reef terrace, as this genus was negatively correlated with levels of fine sedimentation. The tolerance limits of corals, and sediment re-distribution patterns, should be determined prior to complete removal of the causeway. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Williams, Gareth J.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA.
[Williams, Gareth J.; Knapp, Ingrid S.; Davy, Simon K.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Maragos, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
RP Williams, GJ (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA.
EM gareth@ucsd.edu
FU VUW; SIO; National Geographic Society; United States Department of the
Interior Fish and Wildlife Service [12533-09015]
FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and The Nature Conservancy
for granting access to the refuge and logistical support. Additional
thanks to Kydd Pollock and Aaron Kzk for field logistics, and Chris
Runyon and Ann Farrell for laboratory assistance. Finally, we thank
Jonathan Gardner, Bette Willis, John Bythell and one anonymous reviewer
for constructive feedback that greatly improved the manuscript. Scripps
Institution of Oceanography (SIO) and Victoria University of Wellington
(VUW) are members of the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium (PARC). GJW
was supported by a VUW Vice-Chancellor's Strategic Research Scholarship
and is now supported by a SIO post-doctoral research scholarship.
Additional funding came from a National Geographic Society grant awarded
to SKD. The majority of this work was conducted under the special use
permit 12533-09015 granted by the United States Department of the
Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. This is PARC publication number 73.
NR 96
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Z9 6
U1 0
U2 13
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 62
IS 8
BP 1842
EP 1851
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.002
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 809GE
UT WOS:000294039000044
PM 21632066
ER
PT J
AU Meece, JK
Anderson, JL
Fisher, MC
Henk, DA
Sloss, BL
Reed, KD
AF Meece, Jennifer K.
Anderson, Jennifer L.
Fisher, Matthew C.
Henk, Daniel A.
Sloss, Brian L.
Reed, Kurt D.
TI Population Genetic Structure of Clinical and Environmental Isolates of
Blastomyces dermatitidis, Based on 27 Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM; COCCIDIOIDES-POSADASII; FUNGAL PATHOGENS;
WISCONSIN; DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE; LOCUS; OUTBREAKS; IMMITIS; TREES
AB Blastomyces dermatitidis, a thermally dimorphic fungus, is the etiologic agent of North American blastomycosis. Clinical presentation is varied, ranging from silent infections to fulminant respiratory disease and dissemination to skin and other sites. Exploration of the population genetic structure of B. dermatitidis would improve our knowledge regarding variation in virulence phenotypes, geographic distribution, and difference in host specificity. The objective of this study was to develop and test a panel of microsatellite markers to delineate the population genetic structure within a group of clinical and environmental isolates of B. dermatitidis. We developed 27 microsatellite markers and genotyped B. dermatitidis isolates from various hosts and environmental sources (n = 112). Assembly of a neighbor-joining tree of allele-sharing distance revealed two genetically distinct groups, separated by a deep node. Bayesian admixture analysis showed that two populations were statistically supported. Principal coordinate analysis also reinforced support for two genetic groups, with the primary axis explaining 61.41% of the genetic variability. Group 1 isolates average 1.8 alleles/locus, whereas group 2 isolates are highly polymorphic, averaging 8.2 alleles/locus. In this data set, alleles at three loci are unshared between the two groups and appear diagnostic. The mating type of individual isolates was determined by PCR. Both mating type-specific genes, the HMG and alpha-box domains, were represented in each of the genetic groups, with slightly more isolates having the HMG allele. One interpretation of this study is that the species currently designated B. dermatitidis includes a cryptic subspecies or perhaps a separate species.
C1 [Meece, Jennifer K.; Anderson, Jennifer L.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA.
[Fisher, Matthew C.; Henk, Daniel A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, London W2 1PG, England.
[Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
[Reed, Kurt D.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Pathol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
RP Meece, JK (reprint author), 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA.
EM meece.jennifer@mcrf.mfldclin.edu
RI Fisher, Matthew/B-9094-2011;
OI Fisher, Matthew/0000-0002-1862-6402
NR 41
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 77
IS 15
BP 5123
EP 5131
DI 10.1128/AEM.00258-11
PG 9
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 798PW
UT WOS:000293224500007
PM 21705544
ER
PT J
AU Hoeft, SE
Kulp, TR
Han, SY
Lanoil, B
Oremland, RS
AF Hoeft, Shelley E.
Kulp, Thomas R.
Han, Sukkyun
Lanoil, Brian
Oremland, Ronald S.
TI Coupled Arsenotrophy in a Hot Spring Photosynthetic Biofilm at Mono
Lake, California (vol 76, pg 4633, 2010)
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Hoeft, Shelley E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
RP Hoeft, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 77
IS 15
BP 5570
EP 5570
DI 10.1128/AEM.05558-11
PG 1
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 798PW
UT WOS:000293224500065
ER
PT J
AU Archinal, BA
A'Hearn, MF
Conrad, A
Consolmagno, GJ
Courtin, R
Fukushima, T
Hestroffer, D
Hilton, JL
Krasinsky, GA
Neumann, G
Oberst, J
Seidelmann, PK
Stooke, P
Tholen, DJ
Thomas, PC
Williams, IP
AF Archinal, B. A.
A'Hearn, M. F.
Conrad, A.
Consolmagno, G. J.
Courtin, R.
Fukushima, T.
Hestroffer, D.
Hilton, J. L.
Krasinsky, G. A.
Neumann, G.
Oberst, J.
Seidelmann, P. K.
Stooke, P.
Tholen, D. J.
Thomas, P. C.
Williams, I. P.
TI Reports of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and
Rotational Elements: 2006 & 2009 (vol 98, pg 155, 2007)
SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY
LA English
DT Correction
AB The primary poles for (243) Ida and (134340) Pluto and its satellite (134340) Pluto : I Charon were redefined in the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements (WGCCRE) 2006 report (Seidelmann et al. in Celest Mech Dyn Astr 98:155, 2007), and 2009 report (Archinal et al. in Celest Mech Dyn Astr 109:101, 2011), respectively, to be consistent with the primary poles of similar Solar System bodies. However, the WGCCRE failed to take into account the effect of the redefinition of the poles on the values of the rotation angle W at J2000.0. The revised relationships in Table 3 of Archinal et al. 2011) are
W = 274 degrees.05 + 1864 degrees.6280070 d for (243) Ida, W = 302 degrees.695 + 56 degrees.3625225 d for (134340) Pluto, and W = 122 degrees.695 + 56 degrees.3625225 d for (134340) Pluto : I Charon
where d is the time in TDB days from J2000.0 (JD2451545.0).
C1 [Archinal, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[A'Hearn, M. F.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Conrad, A.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Consolmagno, G. J.] Vatican Observ, Vatican City, Vatican.
[Courtin, R.] LESIA, Observ Paris, CNRS, Paris, France.
[Fukushima, T.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
[Hestroffer, D.] IMCCE, Observ Paris, CNRS, Paris, France.
[Hilton, J. L.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA.
[Krasinsky, G. A.] Inst Appl Astron, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Neumann, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Oberst, J.] DLR Berlin Aldershof, Berlin, Germany.
[Seidelmann, P. K.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
[Stooke, P.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
[Tholen, D. J.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Thomas, P. C.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
[Williams, I. P.] Queen Mary Univ London, London, England.
RP Archinal, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM barchinal@usgs.gov
RI Neumann, Gregory/I-5591-2013
OI Neumann, Gregory/0000-0003-0644-9944
NR 3
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0923-2958
J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR
JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 110
IS 4
BP 401
EP 403
DI 10.1007/s10569-011-9362-2
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics
GA 801TX
UT WOS:000293464600008
ER
PT J
AU Fey, DL
Church, SE
Driscoll, RL
Adams, MG
AF Fey, D. L.
Church, S. E.
Driscoll, R. L.
Adams, M. G.
TI Multiple applications of the US EPA 1312 leach procedure to mine waste
from the Animas watershed, SW Colorado
SO GEOCHEMISTRY-EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE acid-sulphate; mine waste; multiple leaching; metals depletion; acid
depletion; US EPA 1312
ID GEOCHEMISTRY; ACID; PH
AB Eleven acid-sulphate and quartz-sericite-pyrite altered mine waste samples from the Animas River watershed in SW Colorado were subjected to a series of 5 to 6 successive leaches using the US EPA 1312 leach protocol to evaluate the transport of metals and loss of acidity from mine wastes as a function of time. Multi-acid digestion ICP-AES analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineral identification, total sulphur, and net acid potential (NAP) determinations were performed on the initial starting materials. Multiple leaching steps generally showed a 'flushing' effect, whereby elements loosely bound, presumably as water-soluble salts, were removed. Aluminum, Cd, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr, Zn, and S showed decreasing concentration trends, whereas Cu concentrations showed initially decreasing trends, followed by increasing trends in later steps. Concentrations of Zn in the first leach step were independent of whole-sample Zn content. Lead and Ba concentrations consistently increased with each step, indicating that anglesite (PbSO(4)) and barite (BaSO(4)), respectively, were dissolving in successive leach steps. Comparison of Fe content with NAP resulted in a modest correlation. However, using the S analyses and XRD identification of sulphide minerals to apportion S amongst enargite, barite, anglesite/galena, and sphalerite, and assigning the remaining S to pyrite, provided a useful correlation between estimated pyrite content and NAP. Whole-sample mass loss correlated well with NAP, but individual elements' behaviors varied between positive correlation (e. g. Al, Fe, Mg), no apparent correlation (Ca, Cd, Pb, Zn), and negative correlation (Cu). Comparison of the summed titrated acidities of the leachates with the whole-sample NAP values yielded an estimate of the fraction of NAP consumed, and led to an estimate of the time it would take to consume the sample acidity by weathering. We estimate, on the basis of these experiments, the acidity in the upper 30 cm would be consumed in 200-1000 years. In addition, calculations suggest that the acidity would be depleted before the complete store of the metals Cu-Cd-Zn in these mine wastes would be released to the environment.
C1 [Fey, D. L.; Church, S. E.; Driscoll, R. L.; Adams, M. G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Fey, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM dfey@usgs.gov
NR 47
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 10
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE
PI BATH
PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON,
ENGLAND
SN 1467-7873
J9 GEOCHEM-EXPLOR ENV A
JI Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 3
BP 163
EP 178
DI 10.1144/1467-7873/09-245
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 809IN
UT WOS:000294045500001
ER
PT J
AU Voss, CI
AF Voss, Clifford I.
TI Editor's message: Hydrogeology Journal news about staff and Editors'
Choice articles
SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Voss, CI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM cvoss@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1431-2174
J9 HYDROGEOL J
JI Hydrogeol. J.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 5
BP 957
EP 958
DI 10.1007/s10040-011-0752-z
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 801XO
UT WOS:000293474100001
ER
PT J
AU Ault, TR
Macalady, AK
Pederson, GT
Betancourt, JL
Schwartz, MD
AF Ault, Toby R.
Macalady, Alison K.
Pederson, Gregory T.
Betancourt, Julio L.
Schwartz, Mark D.
TI Northern Hemisphere Modes of Variability and the Timing of Spring in
Western North America
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; ANNULAR MODE; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; GEOPOTENTIAL
HEIGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PART I; TRENDS; PHENOLOGY; EARLIER; WILDFIRE
AB Spatial and temporal patterns of variability in spring onset are identified across western North America using a spring index (SI) model based on weather station minimum and maximum temperatures (T(min) and T(max), respectively). Principal component analysis shows that two significant and independent patterns explain roughly half of the total variance in the timing of spring onset from 1920 to 2005. However, these patterns of spring onset do not appear to be linear responses to the primary modes of variability in the Northern Hemisphere: the Pacific-North American pattern (PNA) and the northern annular mode (NAM). Instead, over the period when reanalysis data and the spring index model overlap (1950-2005), the patterns of spring onset are local responses to the state of both the PNA and NAM, which together modulate the onset date of spring by 10-20 days on interannual time scales. They do so by controlling the number and intensity of warm days. There is also a regionwide trend in spring advancement of about -1.5 days decade(-1) from 1950 to 2005. Trends in the NAM and PNA can only explain about one-third (-0.5 day decade(-1)) of this trend.
C1 [Ault, Toby R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA.
[Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT USA.
[Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Schwartz, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
RP Ault, TR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA.
EM tault@email.arizona.edu
FU NSF GRFP; NOAA CCDD [NA07OAR4310054]; DOE GREF; SfAZ GRFP
FX We thank C. Castro, J. E. Cole, G. McCabe, S. McAfee, J. Russell, C.
Woodhouse, and J. L. Weiss for helpful comments. We also thank B. Cook,
L. Wolkovitch, and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and
Synthesis. This research benefited from feedback at the PACLIM 2009
Conference, with travel support provided by S. Starratt and the PACLIM
2009 organizers as well as the Institute of the Environment, University
of Arizona. TA was supported by an NSF GRFP and NOAA CCDD
(NA07OAR4310054), and AM was supported by the DOE GREF and SfAZ GRFP.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 51
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 5
U2 22
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 15
BP 4003
EP 4014
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4069.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 806QE
UT WOS:000293823900015
ER
PT J
AU Routti, H
Letcher, RJ
Born, EW
Branigan, M
Dietz, R
Evans, TJ
Fisk, AT
Peacock, E
Sonne, C
AF Routti, Heli
Letcher, Robert J.
Born, Erik W.
Branigan, Marsha
Dietz, Rune
Evans, Thomas J.
Fisk, Aaron T.
Peacock, Elizabeth
Sonne, Christian
TI Spatial and temporal trends of selected trace elements in liver tissue
from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Alaska, Canada and Greenland
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
LA English
DT Article
ID SEALS PHOCA-HISPIDA; MARINE FOOD-WEB; RINGED SEALS; HEAVY-METALS;
ARCTIC-OCEAN; BEAUFORT SEA; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; NORTHWEST GREENLAND;
FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; GASEOUS MERCURY
AB Spatial trends and comparative changes in time of selected trace elements were studied in liver tissue from polar bears from ten different subpopulation locations in Alaska, Canadian Arctic and East Greenland. For nine of the trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Rb, Se and Zn) spatial trends were investigated in 136 specimens sampled during 2005-2008 from bears from these ten subpopulations. Concentrations of Hg, Se and As were highest in the (northern and southern) Beaufort Sea area and lowest in (western and southern) Hudson Bay area and Chukchi/Bering Sea. In contrast, concentrations of Cd showed an increasing trend from east to west. Minor or no spatial trends were observed for Cu, Mn, Rb and Zn. Spatial trends were in agreement with previous studies, possibly explained by natural phenomena. To assess temporal changes of Cd, Hg, Se and Zn concentrations during the last decades, we compared our results to previously published data. These time comparisons suggested recent Hg increase in East Greenland polar bears. This may be related to Hg emissions and/or climate-induced changes in Hg cycles or changes in the polar bear food web related to global warming. Also, Hg : Se molar ratio has increased in East Greenland polar bears, which suggests there may be an increased risk for Hg(2+)-mediated toxicity. Since the underlying reasons for spatial trends or changes in time of trace elements in the Arctic are still largely unknown, future studies should focus on the role of changing climate and trace metal emissions on geographical and temporal trends of trace elements.
C1 [Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Environm Canada,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
[Routti, Heli] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
[Born, Erik W.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland.
[Branigan, Marsha] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada.
[Dietz, Rune; Sonne, Christian] Aarhus Univ, Dept Arctic Environm, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
[Evans, Thomas J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
[Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Letcher, RJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Environm Canada,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
EM robert.letcher@ec.gc.ca
RI Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Dietz,
Rune/F-9154-2015
OI Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263;
FU Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada; Molson Foundation;
KVUG; DANCEA; Prince Albert Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service,
Marine Mammals Management
FX For Canadian sampling and assistance, we thank Nunavut Hunters and
Trappers Organizations, Nunavut Department of Environment conservation
officers and lab technicians (A. Coxon, F. Piugattuk, A. Niptanatiak, D.
Fredlund, J. Ashevak, J. Savikataaq, J. Qaunaq, A. Williams, P.
Prefontaine, K. Nogier, A. Nakashuk, L. Kudluk, N. Nakoolik, E.
Qaggutaq, T. Palluq, N. Amarualik, T. Mullin, B. J. Hainnu, G. Koonoo,
T. Palluq, J. Coutu-Autut) and Environment Canada's National Wildlife
Specimen Bank at NWRC. In the Organic Contaminants Research Laboratory
(OCRL) at NWRC, we thank Melissa McKinney for assisting with the
collection coordination and processing with incoming liver samples. In
the Lab Services section at NWRC we thank Ewa Neubauger and France
Maisonneuve for the metal analysis of the samples. Thanks to the Alaska
Native hunters who took the extra time to collect and send the polar
bear samples for the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for processing the
shipment to NIST for long-term cryogenic storage. Thanks to R. Pugh
(Hollings Marine Laboratory, NIST) for assistance with the
Chukchi/Bering Sea samples. For East Greenland sampling and assistance,
we thank local hunters, J. Bronlund, M. Kirkegaard, S. Joensen and L.
Bruun. In Canada, this study was funded by the Northern Contaminants
Program (Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada) (R. J. L.)
and the Molson Foundation (R. J. L.). Greenland program funding was from
the IPY program "Bear-Health" by KVUG, DANCEA and the Prince Albert
Foundation and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals
Management contributed to Alaskan funding.
NR 63
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 46
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1464-0325
J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR
JI J. Environ. Monit.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 8
BP 2260
EP 2267
DI 10.1039/c1em10088b
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 802II
UT WOS:000293502600019
PM 21687839
ER
PT J
AU McDonald-Madden, E
Runge, MC
Possingham, HP
Martin, TG
AF McDonald-Madden, Eve
Runge, Michael C.
Possingham, Hugh P.
Martin, Tara G.
TI Optimal timing for managed relocation of species faced with climate
change
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID ASSISTED COLONIZATION; MIGRATION; RESPONSES; DEBATE; RISK
AB Managed relocation is a controversial climate-adaptation strategy to combat negative climate change impacts on biodiversity. While the scientific community debates the merits of managed relocation(1-12), species are already being moved to new areas predicted to be more suitable under climate change(13,14). To inform these moves, we construct a quantitative decision framework to evaluate the timing of relocation in the face of climate change. We find that the optimal timing depends on many factors, including the size of the population, the demographic costs of translocation and the expected carrying capacities over time in the source and destination habitats. In some settings, such as when a small population would benefit from time to grow before risking translocation losses, haste is ill advised. We also find that active adaptive management(15,16) is valuable when the effect of climate change on source habitat is uncertain, and leads to delayed movement.
C1 [McDonald-Madden, Eve; Martin, Tara G.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[McDonald-Madden, Eve; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Appl Environm Decis Anal, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
[McDonald-Madden, Eve; Possingham, Hugh P.; Martin, Tara G.] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Runge, Michael C.] Univ Melbourne, Australian Ctr Excellence Risk Anal, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Runge, Michael C.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Ctr Appl Environm Decis Anal, Parkville, Vic, Australia.
RP McDonald-Madden, E (reprint author), CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Ecosci Precinct 41 Boggo Rd,Dutton Pk 4102, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
EM eve.mcdonald-madden@csiro.au
RI McDonald-Madden, Eve/A-5186-2012; Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008; Runge,
Michael/E-7331-2011; Martin, Tara/M-1897-2016
OI McDonald-Madden, Eve/0000-0001-7755-2338; Possingham,
Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X; Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X; Martin,
Tara/0000-0001-7165-9812
FU CSIRO; Queensland International Fellowship; ARC; ARC Centre for
Excellence in Environmental Decisions
FX This work was supported by a CSIRO Julius Career Award to T.G.M.; E.M-M.
was supported by an OCE Fellowship from CSIRO, Queensland International
Fellowship and an ARC APD Fellowship. H.P.P. was supported by an ARC
Federation Fellowship. This work was further supported by the ARC Centre
for Excellence in Environmental Decisions. We thank S. Ferrier, S.
McIntyre, I. Chades and J. Nichols for comments on this manuscript and
the late S. Schneider for his insights on this work.
NR 30
TC 62
Z9 65
U1 3
U2 51
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
EI 1758-6798
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 1
IS 5
BP 261
EP 265
DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1170
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 806YG
UT WOS:000293853300019
ER
PT J
AU De Waele, B
Thomas, RJ
Macey, PH
Horstwood, MSA
Tucker, RD
Pitfield, PEJ
Schofield, DI
Goodenough, KM
Bauer, W
Key, RM
Potter, CJ
Armstrong, RA
Miller, JA
Randriamananjara, T
Ralison, V
Rafahatelo, JM
Rabarimanana, M
Bejoma, M
AF De Waele, B.
Thomas, R. J.
Macey, P. H.
Horstwood, M. S. A.
Tucker, R. D.
Pitfield, P. E. J.
Schofield, D. I.
Goodenough, K. M.
Bauer, W.
Key, R. M.
Potter, C. J.
Armstrong, R. A.
Miller, J. A.
Randriamananjara, T.
Ralison, V.
Rafahatelo, J. M.
Rabarimanana, M.
Bejoma, M.
TI Provenance and tectonic significance of the Palaeoproterozoic
metasedimentary successions of central and northern Madagascar
SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE U-Pb dating; Detrital provenance; East African Orogen; Gondwana;
Palaeoproterozoic; Tectonics
ID PROTEROZOIC ITREMO GROUP; EAST-AFRICAN OROGEN; CONTINENTAL ARC
MAGMATISM; WEST-CENTRAL MADAGASCAR; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; ZIRCON
GEOCHRONOLOGY; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; NORTHWESTERN INDIA; MOZAMBIQUE
OCEAN; AGE CONSTRAINTS
AB New detrital zircon U-Pb age data obtained from various quartzite units of three spatially separated supracrustal packages in central and northern Madagascar, show that these units were deposited between 1.8 and 0.8 Ga and have similar aged provenances. The distribution of detrital zircon ages indicates an overwhelming contribution of sources with ages between 2.5 and 1.8 Ga. Possible source rocks with an age of 2.5 Ga are present in abundance in the crustal segments (Antananarivo, Antongil and Masora Domains) either side of a purported Neoproterozoic suture ("Betsimisaraka Suture Zone"). Recently, possible source rocks for the 1.8 Ga age peak have been recognised in southern Madagascar. All three supracrustal successions, as well as the Archaean blocks onto which they were emplaced, are intruded by mid-Neoproterozoic magmatic suites placing a minimum age on their deposition. The similarities in detrital pattern, maximum and minimum age of deposition in the three successions, lend some support to a model in which all of Madagascar's Archaean blocks form a coherent crustal entity (the Greater Dharwar Craton), rather than an amalgamate of disparate crustal blocks brought together only during Neoproterozoic convergence. However, potential source terranes exist outside Madagascar and on either side of the Neoproterozoic sutures, so that a model including a Neoproterozoic suture in Madagascar cannot be dispelled outright. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [De Waele, B.] SRK Consulting, Perth, WA 6005, Australia.
[De Waele, B.; Thomas, R. J.; Horstwood, M. S. A.; Pitfield, P. E. J.; Schofield, D. I.; Bauer, W.] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England.
[Macey, P. H.] Council Geosci, Western Cape, South Africa.
[Goodenough, K. M.; Key, R. M.] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Tucker, R. D.; Potter, C. J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Armstrong, R. A.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Miller, J. A.] Univ Stellenbosch, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
[Randriamananjara, T.; Ralison, V.; Rafahatelo, J. M.; Rabarimanana, M.] Projet Gouvernance Ressources Minieres, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
[Bejoma, M.] Univ Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
RP De Waele, B (reprint author), SRK Consulting, Level 1,10 Richardson St, Perth, WA 6005, Australia.
EM bdewaele@srk.com.au
RI Goodenough, Kathryn/E-8469-2014;
OI Goodenough, Kathryn/0000-0001-5912-4831; Schofield,
David/0000-0002-2669-5627; Horstwood, Matthew/0000-0003-4200-8193
NR 94
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0301-9268
EI 1872-7433
J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES
JI Precambrian Res.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 189
IS 1-2
BP 18
EP 42
DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.04.004
PG 25
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 807VP
UT WOS:000293931400002
ER
PT J
AU Dethier, DP
Bove, DJ
AF Dethier, David P.
Bove, Dana J.
TI Mineralogic and Geochemical Changes from Alteration of Granitic Rocks,
Boulder Creek Catchment, Colorado
SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID FRONT RANGE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; GRANODIORITE; RATES; COUNTY
AB In the critical zone of the upland Boulder Creek (Colorado) catchment, a weathered mantle consisting of 3 to 10 m of oxidized bedrock, saprolite, and mobile regolith (grus and soil) overlies fresh and locally hydrothermally altered bedrock that is exposed beneath a low-relief surface. Saprolite forms from isovolumetric alteration of primary rock materials to secondary minerals by percolating water; mobile regolith includes rock materials in transport downslope, mixed by a variety of biologic and physical processes. Analysis of vadose zone samples by petrographic, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) and X-ray diffracti on (XRD) techniques demonstrates that weathering of Precambrian Boulder Creek Granodiorite and Silver Plume Granite has formed small amounts of clay and iron oxides. Bulk geochemical changes during alteration are minor except in the transformation of saprolite to regolith, which is enriched in neoformed minerals. In saprolite, the alteration sequence is: plagioclase > biotite > microcline > quartz. Quantitative XRD analysis shows that smectite and kaolinite form <10% of the rock in weathered samples and that smectite is absent and kaolinite and illite comprise >15% of the rock at several hydrothermally altered sites. Iron oxide and hydroxide minerals, such as goethite and hematite, have formed by weathering and by hydrothermal alteration. Hydrothermal alteration of granodiorite to saprolite at the Hurricane Hill site resulted in substantial losses of CaO, MgO and Na2O, Sr and metals such as Cd and Pb, and enrichment in K2O and the trace elements Cs, Sb, and W. At four critical-zone profiles studied in detail: (i) increases in kaolinite, smectite, and Fe oxides and decreases in magnetite concentration due to weathering are significant if fresh rock is compared to regolith; (ii) illite is enriched in soil; (iii) minor amounts of clay minerals are inherited from fresh rock; and (iv) clay minerals and Fe oxides are abundant only in hydrothermally altered saprolite. Some of the apparent enrichment of secondary minerals in weathered profiles likely results from dustfall and from material mixed into mobile regolith from heterogeneous bedrock sources. If some portion of the clay minerals in regolith and some fraction of dissolved material leaving Boulder Creek catchments are exotic, rates of clay and Fe oxide formation in the Boulder Creek area must be slow, and the alteration of granitic rocks during the conversion of saprolite to regolith may be driven mainly by volume expansion in this cool, continental climate.
C1 [Dethier, David P.] Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA.
[Bove, Dana J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Dethier, DP (reprint author), Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA.
EM ddethier@williams.edu
FU NSF [0106223]; Keck Geology Consortium
FX Peter Birkeland introduced us to pedogenic studies in the area and
emphasized the importance of dustfall. Elizabeth Dengler (Bates College)
and Alex Blum (U.S. Geological Survey) helped to collect samples from
the Betasso Gulch area and Alex provided analyses of their mineralogy.
This work was funded in part by NSF Grant #0106223 and by the Keck
Geology Consortium.
NR 36
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U1 0
U2 21
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 1539-1663
J9 VADOSE ZONE J
JI Vadose Zone J.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 3
BP 858
EP 866
DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0106
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 808UX
UT WOS:000294007600007
ER
PT J
AU Garcia, CA
Andraski, BJ
Stonestrom, DA
Cooper, CA
Simunek, J
Wheatcraft, SW
AF Garcia, C. Amanda
Andraski, Brian J.
Stonestrom, David A.
Cooper, Clay A.
Simunek, Jirika
Wheatcraft, Stephen W.
TI Interacting Vegetative and Thermal Contributions to Water Movement in
Desert Soil (vol 10, pg 552, 2011)
SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Garcia, C. Amanda; Andraski, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA.
[Stonestrom, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Cooper, Clay A.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Simunek, Jirika] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
[Wheatcraft, Stephen W.] Wheatcraft & Associates LLC, Reno, NV 89509 USA.
RP Garcia, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA.
EM cgarcia@usgs.gov
RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011
OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385
NR 1
TC 0
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U1 1
U2 5
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 1539-1663
J9 VADOSE ZONE J
JI Vadose Zone J.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 3
BP 1117
EP 1117
DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0023er
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 808UX
UT WOS:000294007600028
ER
PT J
AU Nelson, PH
AF Nelson, Philip H.
TI Pore-throat sizes in sandstones, siltstones, and shales: Reply
SO AAPG BULLETIN
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID PRESSURES
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Nelson, PH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM pnelson@usgs.gov
NR 13
TC 5
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U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST
PI TULSA
PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA
SN 0149-1423
J9 AAPG BULL
JI AAPG Bull.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 95
IS 8
BP 1448
EP 1453
DI 10.1306/12141010159
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 804UR
UT WOS:000293680000009
ER
PT J
AU Baron, JS
Driscoll, CT
Stoddard, JL
Richer, EE
AF Baron, Jill S.
Driscoll, Charles T.
Stoddard, John L.
Richer, Eric E.
TI Empirical Critical Loads of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition for Nutrient
Enrichment and Acidification of Sensitive US Lakes
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE nitrogen; critical load; lakes; nutrient enrichment; acidification
ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; MOUNTAIN LAKES;
FRESH-WATERS; ALPINE LAKES; RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; SMALL
STREAMS; TRENDS; ECOSYSTEMS
AB The ecological effects of elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on high-elevation lakes of the western and northeastern United States include nutrient enrichment and acidification. The nutrient enrichment critical load for western lakes ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 kilograms (kg) of N per hectare (ha) per year, reflecting the nearly nonexistent watershed vegetation in complex, snowmelt-dominated terrain. The nutrient enrichment critical load for northeastern lakes ranged from 3.5 to 6.0 kg N per ha per year. The N acidification critical loads associated with episodic N pulses in waters with low values of acid neutralizing capacity were 4.0 kg N per ha per year (western) and 8.0 kg N per ha per year (northeastern). The empirical critical loads for N-caused acidification were difficult to determine because of a lack of observations in the West, and high sulfur deposition in the East. For both nutrient enrichment and acidification, the N critical load was a function of how atmospheric N deposition was determined.
C1 [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
[Stoddard, John L.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR USA.
RP Baron, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM jill@nrel.colostate.edu
RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016;
OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130;
Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890
FU US Department of Agriculture Forest Service; US Environmental Protection
Agency
FX Many thanks to Linda Pardo for her support and leadership and the US
Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the US Environmental
Protection Agency for their financial support in the critical loads
monograph for the United States. Jill Oropeza helped compile information
for this paper. Comments from anonymous reviewers were very helpful.
This is a product of the US Geological Survey's Western Mountain
Initiative.
NR 58
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U1 3
U2 44
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 61
IS 8
BP 602
EP 613
DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.8.6
PG 12
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 806JQ
UT WOS:000293804100008
ER
PT J
AU Wang, J
Caccamise, SAL
Wu, LJ
Woodward, LA
Li, QX
AF Wang, Jun
Caccamise, Sarah A. L.
Wu, Liejun
Woodward, Lee Ann
Li, Qing X.
TI Spatial distribution of organochlorine contaminants in soil, sediment,
and fish in Bikini and Enewetak Atolls of the Marshall Islands, Pacific
Ocean
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE Marine pollution; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Polychlorinated
terphenyls (PCTs); DDE; Bikini Atoll; Enewetak Atoll
ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MEDITERRANEAN SEA;
MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SUPERFUND SITE; AQUATIC BIOTA;
FRESH-WATER; TERPHENYLS; PESTICIDES
AB Several nuclear tests were performed at Enewetak and Bikini Atolls in the Marshall Islands between 1946 and 1958. The events at Bikini Atoll involved several ships that were tested for durability during nuclear explosions, and 24 vessels now rest on the bottom of the Bikini lagoon. Nine soil samples were collected from different areas on the two islands of the atoll, and eighteen sediment, nine fish, and one lobster were collected in the vicinity of the sunken ships. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) in these samples were analyzed using gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/ITMS). The average recoveries ranged from 78% to 104% for the different PCB congeners. The limits of detection (LOD) for PCBs, PCTs, DDE, DDT, and dieldrin ranged 10-50 pg g(-1). Some fish from Enewetak contained PCBs at a concentration range of 37-137 ng g(-1), dry weight (dw), and most of the soils from Enewetak showed evidence of PCBs (22-392 ng g(-1) dw). Most of the Bikini lagoon sediment samples contained PCBs, and the highest was the one collected from around the Saratoga, an aircraft carrier (1555 ng g(-1) dw). Some of the fish samples, most of the soil samples, and only one of the sediment samples contained 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE) and PCBs. In addition to PCBs, the soils from Enewetak Atoll contained PCTs. PCTs were not detected in the sediment samples from Bikini Atoll. The results suggest local pollution sources of PCBs, PCTs, and OCPs. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Wang, Jun; Caccamise, Sarah A. L.; Wu, Liejun; Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Woodward, Lee Ann] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reefs NWRC, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
RP Woodward, LA (reprint author), 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96815 USA.
EM leeann_woodard@fws.gov; qingl@hawaii.edu
FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; S. Cohen and Associates
FX We would like to acknowledge U. Hans Beiling of S. Cohen and Associates
for providing the samples. Special thanks to Dana J. Caccamise II and
David A. Phillips, of the Pacific GPS Facility at the University of
Hawaii, for creation of the Marshall Islands map. This project was
supported in part by grants from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and S.
Cohen and Associates.
NR 60
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U1 1
U2 39
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 7
BP 1002
EP 1008
DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.001
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 805JZ
UT WOS:000293724000021
PM 21616519
ER
PT J
AU Xian, G
Homer, C
Demitz, J
Fry, J
Hossain, N
Wickham, J
AF Xian, George
Homer, Collin
Demitz, Jon
Fry, Joyce
Hossain, Nazmul
Wickham, James
TI Change of Impervious Surface Area Between 2001 and 2006 in the
Conterminous United States
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Xian, George] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Hossain, Nazmul] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, SGT, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Wickham, James] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Xian, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM xian@usgs.gov; homer@usgs.gov; dewitz@usgs.gov; jfry@usgs.gov;
hossain@usgs.gov; Wickham.james@epamail.epa.gov
OI Dewitz, Jon/0000-0002-0458-212X
NR 5
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PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 77
IS 8
BP 758
EP 762
PG 5
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 805ZF
UT WOS:000293768900001
ER
PT J
AU Cassidy, JF
Balfour, N
Hickson, C
Kao, H
White, R
Caplan-Auerbach, J
Mazzotti, S
Rogers, GC
Al-Khoubbi, I
Bird, AL
Esteban, L
Kelman, M
Hutchinson, J
McCormack, D
AF Cassidy, J. F.
Balfour, N.
Hickson, C.
Kao, H.
White, R.
Caplan-Auerbach, J.
Mazzotti, S.
Rogers, G. C.
Al-Khoubbi, I.
Bird, A. L.
Esteban, L.
Kelman, M.
Hutchinson, J.
McCormack, D.
TI The 2007 Nazko, British Columbia, Earthquake Sequence: Injection of
Magma Deep in the Crust beneath the Anahim Volcanic Belt
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID LAKE TAHOE; CALIFORNIA; ALGORITHM; NEVADA
AB On 9 October 2007, an unusual sequence of earthquakes began in central British Columbia about 20 km west of the Nazko cone, the most recent (circa 7200 yr) volcanic center in the Anahim volcanic belt. Within 25 hr, eight earthquakes of magnitude 2.3-2.9 occurred in a region where no earthquakes had previously been recorded. During the next three weeks, more than 800 microearthquakes were located (and many more detected), most at a depth of 25-31 km and within a radius of about 5 km. After about two months, almost all activity ceased. The clear P-and S-wave arrivals indicated that these were high-frequency (volcanic-tectonic) earthquakes and the b value of 1.9 that we calculated is anomalous for crustal earthquakes but consistent with volcanic-related events. Analysis of receiver functions at a station immediately above the seismicity indicated a Moho near 30 km depth. Precise relocation of the seismicity using a double-difference method suggested a horizontal migration at the rate of about 0: 5 km/d, with almost all events within the lowermost crust. Neither harmonic tremor nor long-period events were observed; however, some spasmodic bursts were recorded and determined to be colocated with the earthquake hypocenters. These observations are all very similar to a deep earthquake sequence recorded beneath Lake Tahoe, California, in 2003-2004. Based on these remarkable similarities, we interpret the Nazko sequence as an indication of an injection of magma into the lower crust beneath the Anahim volcanic belt. This magma injection fractures rock, producing high-frequency, volcanic-tectonic earthquakes and spasmodic bursts.
C1 [Cassidy, J. F.; Kao, H.; Mazzotti, S.; Rogers, G. C.; Al-Khoubbi, I.; Bird, A. L.; Esteban, L.] Geol Survey Canada, Victoria, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.
[Balfour, N.] Univ Victoria, Bob Wright Ctr A405, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada.
[Hickson, C.; Kelman, M.] Geol Survey Canada, Vancouver, BC V6B 5J3, Canada.
[White, R.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[White, R.] OFDA, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Caplan-Auerbach, J.; Hutchinson, J.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA.
[McCormack, D.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y3, Canada.
RP Cassidy, JF (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.
EM jcassidy@nrcan.gc.ca
RI Mazzotti, Stephane/H-3928-2016
FU Natural Resources Canada; Geoscience British Columbia; British Columbia
Ministry of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources; NSERC
FX We gratefully acknowledge the many people who contributed to this study.
Special thanks to Isa Asudeh, Andy Tran, Mingzhou Li, Calvin Andrews,
Richard Baldwin, Wanda Bentkowski, Tim Cote, Khalil Hayek, Chris
Majewski, Xiuying Jin, Tim Claydon, Kelly Russell, Graham Andrews, Bob
Tilling, Don Swanson, Robert Kung, Kaz Shimamura, Barry Narod (MT),
Terry Spurgeon, Glyn Williams-Jones, the Ottawa infrasound group, Fish
Pot Lake Lodge, Brian Wear, British Columbia Provincial Emergency
Preparedness members and residents of the Community of Nazko. Seismic
data analyzed in this study came from the CNSN (funded by Natural
Resources Canada) and the Nechako POLARIS array (funded by Geoscience
British Columbia, Natural Resources Canada, and the British Columbia
Ministry of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources). N. Balfour was
supported by an NSERC Discovery grant. We gratefully acknowledge three
reviewers for their very valuable suggestions and contributions that
improved this manuscript. This is ESS Contribution Number 20090362.
NR 26
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U1 0
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PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 4
BP 1732
EP 1741
DI 10.1785/0120100013
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 800DH
UT WOS:000293339400023
ER
PT J
AU Bulut, F
Ellsworth, WL
Bohnhoff, M
Aktar, M
Dresen, G
AF Bulut, Fatih
Ellsworth, William L.
Bohnhoff, Marco
Aktar, Mustafa
Dresen, Georg
TI Spatiotemporal Earthquake Clusters along the North Anatolian Fault Zone
Offshore Istanbul
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID MOMENT TENSOR INVERSION; ACTIVE TECTONICS; HAYWARD FAULT; MARMARA SEA;
CALIFORNIA
AB We investigate earthquakes with similar waveforms in order to characterize spatiotemporal microseismicity clusters within the North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ) in northwest Turkey along the transition between the 1999 Izmit rupture zone and the Marmara Sea seismic gap. Earthquakes within distinct activity clusters are relocated with cross-correlation derived relative travel times using the double-difference method. The spatiotemporal distribution of microearthquakes within individual clusters is resolved with relative location accuracy comparable to or better than the source size. High-precision relative hypocenters define the geometry of individual fault patches, permitting a better understanding of fault kinematics and their role in local-scale seismotectonics along the region of interest. Temporal seismic sequences observed in the eastern Sea of Marmara region suggest progressive failure of mostly nonoverlapping areas on adjacent fault patches and systematic migration of microearthquakes within clusters during the progressive failure of neighboring fault patches. The temporal distributions of magnitudes as well as the number of events follow swarmlike behavior rather than a mainshock/aftershock pattern.
C1 [Bulut, Fatih; Bohnhoff, Marco; Dresen, Georg] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
[Ellsworth, William L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Aktar, Mustafa] Bogazici Univ, Kandilli Observ, TR-34684 Istanbul, Turkey.
[Aktar, Mustafa] Bogazici Univ, Earthquake Res Inst, TR-34684 Istanbul, Turkey.
RP Bulut, F (reprint author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Haus D, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
RI Bulut, Fatih/A-5821-2015; Bohnhoff, Marco/B-4354-2017
OI Bulut, Fatih/0000-0001-8108-8881; Bohnhoff, Marco/0000-0001-7383-635X
FU GFZ-Potsdam; Bogazici University Research Foundation [BAP-09M103];
Helmholtz Foundation
FX We are grateful to Tom Parsons, Dave Hill, and two anonymous reviewers
for constructive comments improving the paper, to Sebastian Hainzl and
Erik Rybacki for useful discussions about potential models. We thank
Dogan Kalafat, Claus Milkereit, Serif Baris, and Heiko Woith for sharing
seismic data. The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam provided seismic
stations for the initial period of the PIRES campaign. PIRES has been
co-funded by GFZ-Potsdam and Bogazici University Research Foundation
(grant number: BAP-09M103). We also thank the Helmholtz Foundation for
funding the project within the Young Investigators Group "From
micro-seismicity to large earthquakes". Vanessa Fremd helped us with
data processing. We thank Birsen Can for useful discussions on data
evaluation and continuous support for the maintenance of PIRES network.
NR 29
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U1 2
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PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0037-1106
EI 1943-3573
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 4
BP 1759
EP 1768
DI 10.1785/0120100215
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 800DH
UT WOS:000293339400025
ER
PT J
AU Boatwright, J
Seekins, L
AF Boatwright, John
Seekins, Linda
TI Regional Spectral Analysis of Three Moderate Earthquakes in Northeastern
North America
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; GROUND-MOTION; SOUTHEASTERN CANADA; 1988
SAGUENAY; ATTENUATION; ACCELERATION; QUEBEC; WAVES; SHAPE
AB We analyze Fourier spectra obtained from the horizontal components of broadband and accelerogram data from the 1997 Cap-Rouge, the 2002 Ausable Forks, and the 2005 RiviSre-du-Loup earthquakes, recorded by Canadian and American stations sited on rock at hypocentral distances from 23 to 602 km. We check the recorded spectra closely for anomalies that might result from site resonance or source effects. We use Beresnev and Atkinson's (1997) near-surface velocity structures and Boore and Joyner's (1997) quarter-wave method to estimate site response at hard- and soft-rock sites. We revise the Street et al. (1975) model for geometrical spreading, adopting a crossover distance of r(o) = 50 km instead of 100 km. We obtain an average attenuation of Q = 410 +/- 25f(0.50 +/- 0.03) for S + L(g) + surface waves with ray paths in the Appalachian and southeastern Grenville Provinces. We correct the recorded spectra for attenuation and site response to estimate source spectral shape and radiated energy for these three earthquakes and the 1988 M 5.8 Saguenay earthquake. The Brune stress drops range from 130 to 419 bars, and the apparent stresses range from 39 to 63 bars. The corrected source spectral shapes of these earthquakes are somewhat variable for frequencies from 0.2 to 2 Hz, falling slightly below the fitted Brune spectra.
C1 [Boatwright, John; Seekins, Linda] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Boatwright, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
FU Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Office of Research under USGS/NRC
[N6501]
FX Won-Young Kim at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, John Ebel at the
Weston Observatory, John Adams and Lan Lin of the Geological Survey of
Canada, and Jean-Robert Pierre at Hydro-Quebec provided the broadband
and accelerograph data and graciously answered our many questions about
sites and instrumentation. During the course of our research, we
benefitted greatly from discussions with John Diebold, Won-Young Kim,
Dave Boore, Gail Atkinson, Chris Cramer, Walt Silva, Bill Ellsworth,
Paul Richards, and Bob Herrmann. We are indebted to Dave Boore, Art
McGarr, and Gail Atkinson for providing insightful reviews of this
paper. This research was supported by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC) Office of Research under USGS/NRC job code N6501. The views
expressed in this paper represent those of the authors.
NR 27
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 4
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 4
BP 1769
EP 1782
DI 10.1785/0120100225
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 800DH
UT WOS:000293339400026
ER
PT J
AU Patrick, MR
Orr, T
Wilson, D
Dow, D
Freeman, R
AF Patrick, Matthew R.
Orr, Tim
Wilson, David
Dow, David
Freeman, Richard
TI Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a
perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano
SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cyclic spattering; Seismic tremor; Gas pistoning; Kilauea Volcano
ID HAWAII; LAKE; DYNAMICS; INSIGHTS; ERUPTION
AB In late 2007, a perched lava channel, built up to 45 m above the preexisting surface, developed during the ongoing eruption near Pu'u 'AOE'Ai cone on KA << lauea Volcano's east rift zone. The lava channel was segmented into four pools extending over a total of 1.4 km. From late October to mid-December, a cyclic behavior, consisting of steady lava level rise terminated by vigorous spattering and an abrupt drop in lava level, was commonly observed in pool 1. We use geologic observations, video, time-lapse camera images, and seismicity to characterize and understand this cyclic behavior. Spattering episodes occurred at intervals of 40-100 min during peak activity and involved small (5-10-m-high) fountains limited to the margins of the pool. Most spattering episodes had fountains which migrated downchannel. Each spattering episode was associated with a rapid lava level drop of about 1 m, which was concurrent with a conspicuous cigar-shaped tremor burst with peak frequencies of 4-5 Hz. We interpret this cyclic behavior to be gas pistoning, and this is the first documented instance of gas pistoning in lava well away from the deeper conduit. Our observations and data indicate that the gas pistoning was driven by gas accumulation beneath the visco-elastic component of the surface crust, contrary to other studies which attribute similar behavior to the periodic rise of gas slugs. The gas piston events typically had a gas mass of about 2,500 kg (similar to the explosions at Stromboli), with gas accumulation and release rates of about 1.1 and 5.7 kg s(-1), respectively. The time-averaged gas output rate of the gas pistoning events accounted for about 1-2% of the total gas output rate of the east rift zone eruption.
C1 [Patrick, Matthew R.; Orr, Tim; Dow, David] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA.
RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51,Hawaii Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA.
EM mpatrick@usgs.gov
NR 33
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0258-8900
J9 B VOLCANOL
JI Bull. Volcanol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 6
BP 639
EP 653
DI 10.1007/s00445-010-0431-2
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 799KY
UT WOS:000293286800002
ER
PT J
AU Chadwick, WW
Jonsson, S
Geist, DJ
Poland, M
Johnson, DJ
Batt, S
Harpp, KS
Ruiz, A
AF Chadwick, William W., Jr.
Jonsson, Sigurjon
Geist, Dennis J.
Poland, Michael
Johnson, Daniel J.
Batt, Spencer
Harpp, Karen S.
Ruiz, Andres
TI The May 2005 eruption of Fernandina volcano, Galapagos: The first
circumferential dike intrusion observed by GPS and InSAR
SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Circumferential dike intrusion; Ground deformation; Kinematic modeling;
Magma reservoirs
ID SIERRA-NEGRA-VOLCANO; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SATELLITE RADAR; TENSILE
FAULTS; HALF-SPACE; ISLANDS; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; EARTHQUAKE;
SYSTEMS
AB The May 2005 eruption of Fernandina volcano, Galapagos, occurred along circumferential fissures parallel to the caldera rim and fed lava flows down the steep southwestern slope of the volcano for several weeks. This was the first circumferential dike intrusion ever observed by both InSAR and GPS measurements and thus provides an opportunity to determine the subsurface geometry of these enigmatic structures that are common on Galapagos volcanoes but are rare elsewhere. Pre- and post- eruption ground deformation between 2002 and 2006 can be modeled by the inflation of two separate magma reservoirs beneath the caldera: a shallow sill at similar to 1 km depth and a deeper point-source at similar to 5 km depth, and we infer that this system also existed at the time of the 2005 eruption. The co-eruption deformation is dominated by uplift near the 2005 eruptive fissures, superimposed on a broad subsidence centered on the caldera. Modeling of the co-eruption deformation was performed by including various combinations of planar dislocations to simulate the 2005 circumferential dike intrusion. We found that a single planar dike could not match both the InSAR and GPS data. Our best-fit model includes three planar dikes connected along hinge lines to simulate a curved concave shell that is steeply dipping (similar to 45-60A degrees) toward the caldera at the surface and more gently dipping (similar to 12-14A degrees) at depth where it connects to the horizontal sub-caldera sill. The shallow sill is underlain by the deep point source. The geometry of this modeled magmatic system is consistent with the petrology of Fernandina lavas, which suggest that circumferential eruptions tap the shallowest parts of the system, whereas radial eruptions are fed from deeper levels. The recent history of eruptions at Fernandina is also consistent with the idea that circumferential and radial intrusions are sometimes in a stress-feedback relationship and alternate in time with one another.
C1 [Chadwick, William W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Jonsson, Sigurjon] KAUST King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
[Geist, Dennis J.; Batt, Spencer] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Poland, Michael] USGS, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI 96718 USA.
[Johnson, Daniel J.] Univ Puget Sound, Dept Geol, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA.
[Harpp, Karen S.] Colgate Univ, Dept Geol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA.
[Ruiz, Andres] Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Geofis, Quito, Ecuador.
RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM bill.chadwick@noaa.gov
RI Jonsson, Sigurjon/G-4353-2015;
OI Jonsson, Sigurjon/0000-0001-5378-7079; Poland,
Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9814312, EAR-0004067, EAR-0538205];
NOAA [3559]; European Space Agency [3493]
FX The manuscript was greatly improved by helpful reviews from Sang-Ho Yun
and Scott Rowland. This research was supported by grants from the
National Science Foundation Earth Sciences Program (EAR-9814312,
EAR-0004067, and EAR-0538205), and in part by the NOAA Vents Program
(PMEL contribution #3559). Michael Ramsey (University of Pittsburg) and
Scott Rowland (University of Hawaii) kindly assisted with acquiring and
processing the ASTER satellite imagery. ENVISAT radar data were provided
by the European Space Agency through Cat-1 project #3493. Clay Hamilton
at upwarp.com created the illustration in Fig. 13. The Charles Darwin
Research Station and the Galapagos National Park Service provided
invaluable logistical assistance. Beth Bartel, Erika Rader, Glyn
Williams-Jones, Nathalie Vigouroux, Terry Naumann, and Kim Whipple
helped in the field during our 2002 and 2006 GPS surveys. This paper is
dedicated to the memory of our late friend, colleague, and co-author
Daniel J. Johnson.
NR 40
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 4
U2 31
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0258-8900
J9 B VOLCANOL
JI Bull. Volcanol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 6
BP 679
EP 697
DI 10.1007/s00445-010-0433-0
PG 19
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 799KY
UT WOS:000293286800004
ER
PT J
AU Bartlein, PJ
Harrison, SP
Brewer, S
Connor, S
Davis, BAS
Gajewski, K
Guiot, J
Harrison-Prentice, TI
Henderson, A
Peyron, O
Prentice, IC
Scholze, M
Seppa, H
Shuman, B
Sugita, S
Thompson, RS
Viau, AE
Williams, J
Wu, H
AF Bartlein, P. J.
Harrison, S. P.
Brewer, S.
Connor, S.
Davis, B. A. S.
Gajewski, K.
Guiot, J.
Harrison-Prentice, T. I.
Henderson, A.
Peyron, O.
Prentice, I. C.
Scholze, M.
Seppa, H.
Shuman, B.
Sugita, S.
Thompson, R. S.
Viau, A. E.
Williams, J.
Wu, H.
TI Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: a
global synthesis
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Pollen; Plant macrofossils; Palaeovegetation palaeoclimate
reconstructions; Reconstruction uncertainties; Mid-Holocene; Last
glacial maximum; Climate model evaluation
ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL;
PMIP2 COUPLED SIMULATIONS; MODERN ANALOG TECHNIQUE; PLANT FUNCTIONAL
TYPES; PAST 21,000 YEARS; LAKE STATUS DATA; LEAF-AREA INDEX; C-14 YR BP
AB Subfossil pollen and plant macrofossil data derived from C-14-dated sediment profiles can provide quantitative information on glacial and interglacial climates. The data allow climate variables related to growing-season warmth, winter cold, and plant-available moisture to be reconstructed. Continental-scale reconstructions have been made for the mid-Holocene (MH, around 6 ka) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21 ka), allowing comparison with palaeoclimate simulations currently being carried out as part of the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The synthesis of the available MH and LGM climate reconstructions and their uncertainties, obtained using modern-analogue, regression and model-inversion techniques, is presented for four temperature variables and two moisture variables. Reconstructions of the same variables based on surface-pollen assemblages are shown to be accurate and unbiased. Reconstructed LGM and MH climate anomaly patterns are coherent, consistent between variables, and robust with respect to the choice of technique. They support a conceptual model of the controls of Late Quaternary climate change whereby the first-order effects of orbital variations and greenhouse forcing on the seasonal cycle of temperature are predictably modified by responses of the atmospheric circulation and surface energy balance.
C1 [Bartlein, P. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
[Harrison, S. P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Harrison, S. P.; Prentice, I. C.] Macquarie Univ, Sch Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
[Brewer, S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Connor, S.] Univ Algarve, Ctr Marine & Environm Res, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal.
[Davis, B. A. S.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Gajewski, K.; Viau, A. E.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
[Guiot, J.] CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France.
[Harrison-Prentice, T. I.] PAKLIM, GTZ, Jakarta 13410, Indonesia.
[Henderson, A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Peyron, O.] UFC, CNRS, Lab Chronoenvironm, UMR 6249,UFR Sci & Tech, Besancon, France.
[Prentice, I. C.; Scholze, M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, QUEST, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Seppa, H.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
[Shuman, B.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Sugita, S.] Tallinn Univ, Inst Ecol, Tallinn, Estonia.
[Thompson, R. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Williams, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Wu, H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Cenozo Geol & Environm, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
RP Bartlein, PJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
EM bartlein@uoregon.edu
RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; Scholze, Marko/N-4573-2014; Guiot,
Joel/G-7818-2011;
OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Scholze,
Marko/0000-0002-3474-5938; Guiot, Joel/0000-0001-7345-4466; Harrison,
Sandy/0000-0001-5687-1903; Brewer, Simon/0000-0002-6810-1911; Connor,
Simon/0000-0001-5685-2390; Seppa, Heikki/0000-0003-2494-7955
FU UK Natural Environment Research Council; International Quaternary
Association (INQUA) [0801]; QUEST (Quantifying Uncertainties in the
Earth System) programme; US National Science Foundation; Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian
Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS)
FX This paper was initiated at a workshop funded by QUEST (Quantifying
Uncertainties in the Earth System), a programme of the UK Natural
Environment Research Council, and Project 0801 (Evaluation of PMIP
Palaeoclimate Model Simulations) of the International Quaternary
Association (INQUA). The paper is a contribution to ongoing work of the
Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Programme. Regional dataset
compilations and the work of individual co-authors has been funded by
the QUEST (Quantifying Uncertainties in the Earth System) programme
(SPH, ICP, TIH-P), the UK Natural Environment Research Council (SPH,
ICP, MS), the US National Science Foundation (PJB, SB, BS, JWW), the
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and
the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS)
(KEG, AV). We thank Tom Webb for his extensive review of the manuscript,
and Pascale Braconnot for comments on the manuscript. The gridded data
sets are available as text (.csv) or net-CDF files in the Electronic
Supplementary Material.
NR 149
TC 159
Z9 166
U1 10
U2 125
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 3-4
BP 775
EP 802
DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0904-1
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 800YL
UT WOS:000293403500022
ER
PT J
AU Xu, JP
AF Xu, J. P.
TI Measuring currents in submarine canyons: Technological and scientific
progress in the past 30 years
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; TURBIDITY-CURRENT ACTIVITY; INTERNAL
WAVES; MONTEREY-CANYON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER;
BALTIMORE CANYON; SEDIMENT FLUXES; TIDAL CURRENTS; CALIFORNIA
AB The development and application of acoustic and optical technologies and of accurate positioning systems in the past 30 years have opened new frontiers in the submarine canyon research communities. This paper reviews several key advancements in both technology and science in the field of currents in submarine canyons since the 1979 publication of Currents in Submarine Canyons and Other Sea Valleys by Francis Shepard and colleagues. Precise placements of high-resolution, high-frequency instruments have not only allowed researchers to collect new data that are essential for advancing and generalizing theories governing the canyon currents, but have also revealed new natural phenomena that challenge the understandings of the theorists and experimenters in their predictions of submarine canyon flow fields. Baroclinic motions at tidal frequencies, found to be intensified both up canyon and toward the canyon floor, dominate the flow field and control the sediment transport processes in submarine canyons. Turbidity currents are found to frequently occur in active submarine canyons such as Monterey Canyon. These turbidity currents have maximum speeds of nearly 200 cm/s, much smaller than the speeds of turbidity currents in geological time, but still very destructive. In addition to traditional Eulerian measurements, Lagrangian flow data are essential in quantifying water and sediment transport in submarine canyons. A concerted experiment with multiple monitoring stations along the canyon axis and on nearby shelves is required to characterize the storm-trigger mechanism for turbidity currents.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 70
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 10
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 4
BP 868
EP 876
DI 10.1130/GES00640.1
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 800SL
UT WOS:000293387100003
ER
PT J
AU Mueller, DS
Oberg, KA
AF Mueller, David S.
Oberg, Kevin A.
TI Discussion of "Near-Transducer Errors in ADCP Measurements: Experimental
Findings" by Marian Muste, Dongsu Kim, and Juan A. Gonzalez-Castro
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID VELOCITY
C1 [Mueller, David S.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA.
[Oberg, Kevin A.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Urbana, IL USA.
RP Mueller, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA.
EM dmueller@usgs.gov
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9429
J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE
JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 8
BP 863
EP 866
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000361
PG 4
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 802SC
UT WOS:000293530300014
ER
PT J
AU Breiner, JM
Doolittle, JA
Horton, R
Graham, RC
AF Breiner, Joan M.
Doolittle, James A.
Horton, Robert
Graham, Robert C.
TI Performance of Ground-Penetrating Radar on Granitic Regoliths With
Different Mineral Composition
SO SOIL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Granite; regolith; GPR; California
ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; WEATHERED BEDROCK; WATER; SOIL; ROCKS;
PARAMETERS; CALIFORNIA; FRACTURES; LIMESTONE; PLANTS
AB Although ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is extensively used to characterize the regolith, few studies have addressed the effects of chemical and mineralogical compositions of soils and bedrock on its performance. This investigation evaluated the performance of GPR on two different granitic regoliths of somewhat different mineralogical composition in the San Jacinto Mountains of southern California. Radar records collected at a site where soils are Alfisols were more depth restricted than the radar record obtained at a site where soils are Entisols. Although the Alfisols contain an argillic horizon, and the Entisols have no such horizon of clay accumulation, the main impact on GPR effectiveness is related to mineralogy. The bedrock at the Alfisol site, which contains more mafic minerals (5% hornblende and 20% biotite), is more attenuating to GPR than the bedrock at the Entisol site, where mafic mineral content is less (< 1% hornblende and 10% biotite). Thus, a relatively minor variation in bedrock mineralogy, specifically the increased biotite content, severely restricts the performance of GPR.
C1 [Breiner, Joan M.; Graham, Robert C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
[Doolittle, James A.] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Newtown Sq, PA USA.
[Horton, Robert] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Graham, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
EM robert.graham@ucr.edu
FU University of California Kearney Foundation of Soil Science
FX This work was funded in part by a grant from the University of
California Kearney Foundation of Soil Science. The authors report no
conflicts of interest.
NR 50
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 13
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0038-075X
J9 SOIL SCI
JI Soil Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 176
IS 8
BP 435
EP 440
DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e318222b0e7
PG 6
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 801NC
UT WOS:000293445600006
ER
PT J
AU Gurney, KEB
Clark, RG
Slattery, SM
Smith-Downey, NV
Walker, J
Armstrong, LM
Stephens, SE
Petrula, M
Corcoran, RM
Martin, KH
DeGroot, KA
Brook, RW
Afton, AD
Cutting, K
Warren, JM
Fournier, M
Koons, DN
AF Gurney, K. E. B.
Clark, R. G.
Slattery, S. M.
Smith-Downey, N. V.
Walker, J.
Armstrong, L. M.
Stephens, S. E.
Petrula, M.
Corcoran, R. M.
Martin, K. H.
DeGroot, K. A.
Brook, R. W.
Afton, A. D.
Cutting, K.
Warren, J. M.
Fournier, M.
Koons, D. N.
TI Time constraints in temperate-breeding species: influence of growing
season length on reproductive strategies
SO ECOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLUTCH SIZE VARIATION; LESSER SCAUP; NORTHERN PINTAILS; NEST SUCCESS;
ASHMOLES HYPOTHESIS; LIFE-HISTORIES; AYTHYA-AFFINIS; YUKON FLATS;
GREAT-TITS; SURVIVAL
AB Organisms that reproduce in temperate regions have limited time to produce offspring successfully, and this constraint is expected to be more pronounced in areas with short growing seasons. Information concerning how reproductive ecology of endotherms might be influenced by growing season length (GSL) is rare, and species that breed over a broad geographic range provide an opportunity to study the effects of time constraints on reproductive strategies. We analyzed data from a temperate-breeding bird, the lesser scaup Aythya affinis; hereafter scaup, collected at eight sites across a broad gradient of GSL to evaluate three hypotheses related to reproductive compensation in response to varying time constraints. Clutch initiation date in scaup was unaffected by GSL and was unrelated to latitude; spring thaw dates had a marginal impact on timing of breeding. Clutch size declined during the nesting season, as is reported frequently in bird species, but was also unaffected by GSL. Scaup do not appear to compensate for shorter growing seasons by more rapidly reducing clutch size. This study demonstrates that this species is remarkably consistent in terms of timing of breeding and clutch size, regardless of growing season characteristics. Such inflexibility could make this species particularly sensitive to environmental changes that affect resource availabilities.
C1 [Gurney, K. E. B.; Clark, R. G.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
[Slattery, S. M.; Armstrong, L. M.] Ducks Unlimited Canada, Inst Wetland & Waterfowl Res, Stonewall, MB R0C 2Z0, Canada.
[Smith-Downey, N. V.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78713 USA.
[Walker, J.; DeGroot, K. A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Walker, J.; DeGroot, K. A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Stephens, S. E.] Ducks Unltd, Great Plains Reg Off, Mandan, ND 58503 USA.
[Petrula, M.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA.
[Corcoran, R. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99615 USA.
[Martin, K. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Endangered Species, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Brook, R. W.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
[Afton, A. D.] US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Cutting, K.; Warren, J. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marion, MT 59739 USA.
[Fournier, M.] Environm Canada, Environm Conservat Branch, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1E2, Canada.
[Koons, D. N.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Koons, D. N.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Gurney, KEB (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, 112 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
EM kirsty.gurney@usask.ca
FU Ducks Unlimited Canada; Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Univ. of Saskatchewan; MBNA Canada
Bank; California Waterfowl Association
FX We thank numerous field assistants for help with nest searching. Mark
Bidwell provided GIS assistance, as well as *many* useful discussions,
we are also grateful to Todd Arnold, Patrick Weatherhead, Vanessa
Harriman, Michael Anteau and Jean-Michel DeVink for comments on the
manuscript. Funding was provided by Ducks Unlimited Canada and
Environment Canada, personal support for K. Gurney was through a Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant, NSERC
Industrial Postgraduate Scholarship, Univ. of Saskatchewan Graduate
Fellowship, MBNA Canada Bank Conservation Fellowship, and Dennis
Raveling Scholarship for Waterfowl Research, California Waterfowl
Association. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or
products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an
endorsement by the U.S. Government or the US Geological Survey. Finally,
we are indebted to Jim Sedinger, who recommended that we contact people
in Alaska.
NR 68
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 24
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0906-7590
EI 1600-0587
J9 ECOGRAPHY
JI Ecography
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 4
BP 628
EP 636
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06622.x
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 796DZ
UT WOS:000293031700010
ER
PT J
AU Vikre, PG
Poulson, SR
Koenig, AE
AF Vikre, Peter G.
Poulson, Simon R.
Koenig, Alan E.
TI Derivation of S and Pb in Phanerozoic Intrusion-Related Metal Deposits
from Neoproterozoic Sedimentary Pyrite, Great Basin, United States
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; SOUTHERN SNAKE-RANGE; SULFUR-ISOTOPE;
NORTHEASTERN NEVADA; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; 2-MICA GRANITES; RUBY MOUNTAINS;
TRACE-ELEMENTS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; POCATELLO FORMATION
AB The thick (<= 8 km), regionally extensive section of Neoproterozoic siliciclastic strata (terrigenous detrital succession, TDS) in the central and eastern Great Basin contains sedimentary pyrite characterized by mostly high delta S-34 values (-11.6 to 40.8 parts per thousand, >70% exceed 10 parts per thousand; 51 analyses) derived from reduction of seawater sulfate, and by markedly radiogenic Pb isotopes (Pb-207/Pb-204 > 19.2; 15 analyses) acquired from elastic detritus eroded from Precambrian cratonal rocks to the east-southeast. In the overlying Paleozoic section, Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au deposits associated with Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary granitic intrusions (intrusion-related metal deposits) contain galena and other sulfide minerals with S and Pb isotope compositions similar to those of TDS sedimentary pyrite, consistent with derivation of deposit S and Pb from TDS pyrite. Minor element abundances in TDS pyrite (e.g., Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, and Au) compared to sedimentary and hydrothermal pyrite elsewhere are not noticeably elevated, implying that enrichment in source minerals is not a precondition for intrusion-related metal deposits.
Three mechanisms for transferring components of TDS sedimentary pyrite to intrusion-related metal deposits are qualitatively evaluated. One mechanism involves (1) decomposition of TDS pyrite in thermal aureoles of intruding magmas, and (2) aqueous transport and precipitation in thermal or fluid mixing gradients of isotopically heavy S, radiogenic Pb, and possibly other sedimentary pyrite and detrital mineral components, as sulfide minerals in intrusion-related metal deposits. A second mechanism invokes mixing and S isotope exchange in thermal aureoles of Pb and S exsolved from magma and derived from decomposition of sedimentary pyrite. A third mechanism entails melting of TDS strata or assimilation of TDS strata by crustal or mantle magmas. TDS-derived or assimilated magmas ascend, decompress, and exsolve a mixture of TDS volatiles, including isotopically heavy S and radiogenic Pb from sedimentary pyrite, and volatiles acquired from deeper crustal or mantle sources.
In the central and eastern Great Basin, the wide distribution and high density of small to mid-sized vein, replacement, and skarn intrusion-related metal deposits in lower Paleozoic rocks that contain TDS sedimentary pyrite S and Pb reflect (1) prolific Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary magmatism, (2) a regional, substrate reservoir of S and Pb in permeable and homogeneous siliciclastic strata, and (3) relatively small scale concentration of substrate and magmatic components. Large intrusion-related metal deposits in the central and eastern Great Basin acquired S and most Pb from thicker lithospheric sections.
C1 [Vikre, Peter G.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Poulson, Simon R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Vikre, PG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, MS 176, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
EM pvikre@usgs.gov
FU NSF [EAR-0309935]
FX Simon R. Poulson was supported by NSF Grant EAR-0309935. Discussions
with Ed du Bray clarified aspects of granitic intrusion chemistry and
petrogenesis in the Great Basin. Dan Unruh graciously provided sonic Pb
isotope analyses. Reviews by Jack Stewart, Robert Ay-uso, Mark Barton,
Peter Larson, and Steve Kesler corrected stratigraphic inconsistencies,
clarified interpretation of Pb and S isotope compositions, and offered
broader process interpretations, which, to a degree, have been
incorporated.
NR 164
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 10
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 106
IS 5
BP 883
EP 912
PG 30
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 799UQ
UT WOS:000293312000007
ER
PT J
AU Smith, DM
Welsh, SA
Turk, PJ
AF Smith, Dustin M.
Welsh, Stuart A.
Turk, Philip J.
TI Selection and preference of benthic habitat by small and large
ammocoetes of the least brook lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Lampetra aepyptera; Habitat selection; Benthic substrate; Sedimentation;
Least Brook Lamprey; Ammocoete; Channelization
ID LARVAL LAMPREYS; GREAT-LAKES; PACIFIC LAMPREY; TRIDENTATA; DENSITIES;
STREAMS; GROWTH; DIET
AB In this laboratory study, we quantified substrate selection by small (< 50 mm) and large (100-150 mm) ammocoetes of the least brook lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera). In aquaria, ammocoetes were given a choice to burrow into six equally-available substrate types: small gravel (2.360-4.750 mm), coarse sand (0.500-1.400 mm), fine sand (0.125-0.500 mm), organic substrate (approximately 70% decomposing leaves/stems and organic sediment particles, and 30% silt and fine sand), an even mixture of silt, clay, and fine sand, and silt/clay (< 0.063 mm). Fine sand was selected with a significantly higher probability than any other substrate. Fine sand habitat is limited in many streams, in part owing to geology, but also as a result of channelization and excessive silt/clay sedimentation, which is a conservation concern. Our results indicate that ammocoetes of least brook lampreys are habitat specialists that prefer fine sand habitat. Hence, availability of fine sand habitat may limit distributions and population sizes.
C1 [Smith, Dustin M.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Turk, Philip J.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP Smith, DM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
EM dsmith304wv@gmail.com
NR 42
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 26
U2 136
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 91
IS 4
BP 421
EP 428
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9800-8
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 799OZ
UT WOS:000293297300005
ER
PT J
AU Burken, JG
Vroblesky, DA
Balouet, JC
AF Burken, Joel G.
Vroblesky, Don A.
Balouet, Jean Christophe
TI Phytoforensics, Dendrochemistry, and Phytoscreening: New Green Tools for
Delineating Contaminants from Past and Present
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HYBRID POPLAR TREES; ENVIRONMENTAL
FORENSICS; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; ELEMENT CONCENTRATION; CHLORINATED
ETHENES; VAPOR INTRUSION; RING CHEMISTRY; PLANT-ROOTS; PHYTOREMEDIATION
AB As plants evolved to be extremely proficient in mass transfer with their surroundings and survive as earth's dominant biomass, they also accumulate and store some contaminants from surroundings, acting as passive samplers. Novel applications and analytical methods have been utilized to gain information about a wide range of contaminants in the biosphere soil, water, and air, with information available on both past (dendrochemistry) and present (phytoscreening). Collectively these sampling approaches provide rapid, cheap, ecologically friendly, and overall "green" tools termed "Phytoforensics".
C1 [Burken, Joel G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Civil Architectural & Environm Engn Dept, Rolla, MO USA.
[Vroblesky, Don A.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC USA.
[Balouet, Jean Christophe] Environm Int, Paris, France.
RP Burken, JG (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Civil Architectural & Environm Engn Dept, Rolla, MO USA.
EM burken@mst.edu
FU NSF; U.S. EPA; Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE); ADEME
FX We thank the laboratory assistance and intellectual contributions at
Missouri S&T (Dr. Honglan Shi, Matt Limmer, Emily Sheehan, Mikhil
Shetty, and Kendra Waltermire) and at USGS (John Schumacher). Many of
the findings discussed resulted from funding by NSF, U.S. EPA, the
Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE), and ADEME. We also extend our
appreciation to Camilo Martinez and Chris Watson (MOE), to Ryan Kroeker
at The University of Guelph, and to Rebecca Frisbee and Gavin Jewell at
Missouri S&T for their assistance with the graphics preparation for the
table of contents artwork and Figure 1.
NR 66
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 57
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 15
BP 6218
EP 6226
DI 10.1021/es2005286
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 798IK
UT WOS:000293196400002
PM 21749088
ER
PT J
AU Croteau, MN
Misra, SK
Luoma, SN
Valsami-Jones, E
AF Croteau, Marie-Noele
Misra, Superb K.
Luoma, Samuel N.
Valsami-Jones, Eugenia
TI Silver Bioaccumulation Dynamics in a Freshwater Invertebrate after
Aqueous and Dietary Exposures to Nanosized and Ionic Ag
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CELLULAR INTERNALIZATION; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; METAL ASSIMILATION;
TRACE-ELEMENTS; NANOPARTICLES; TOXICITY; CADMIUM; MUSSEL; TRANSPORT;
RELEASE
AB We compared silver (Ag) bioavailability and toxicity to a freshwater gastropod after exposure to ionic silver (Ag(+)) and to Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) capped with citrate or with humic acid. Silver form, exposure route, and capping agent influence Ag bioaccumulation dynamics in Lymnaea stagnalis. Snails efficiently accumulated Ag from all forms after either aqueous or dietary exposure. For both exposure routes, uptake rates were faster for Ag(+) than for Ag NPs. Snails efficiently assimilated Ag from Ag NPs mixed with diatoms (assimilation efficiency (AE) ranged from 49 to 58%) and from diatoms pre-exposed to Ag(+) (AE of 73%). In the diet, Ag NPs damaged digestion. Snails ate less and inefficiently processed the ingested food, which adversely impacted their growth. Loss rates of Ag were faster after waterborne exposure to AgNPs than after exposure to dissolved Ag(+). Once Ag was taken up from diet, whether from Ag(+) or Ag NPs, Ag was lost extremely slowly. Large Ag body concentrations are thus expected in L. stagnalis after dietborne exposures, especially to citrate-capped Ag NPs. Ingestion of Ag associated with particulate materials appears as the most important vector of uptake. Nanosilver exposure from food might trigger important environmental risks.
C1 [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Misra, Superb K.; Luoma, Samuel N.; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England.
RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mcroteau@usgs.gov
RI Valsami-Jones, Eva/I-1736-2016
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Leverhulme Trust [F/00 696/N]
FX Funding for this work was provided from the Toxic Substances Research
Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Research Program
(USGS) and by a grant from the Leverhulme Trust (F/00 696/N). The
authors thank A. D. Dybowska and D. Berhanu for their assistance with
particle synthesis and characterization, D. B. Kent for help with the
chemical speciation calculations, J. A. Garcia for his assistance with
biodynamics experiments as well as A. Kleckner and D. J. Cain for help
with algal cultures. Critical comments from D. J. Cain and A. D.
Dybowska are greatly appreciated.
NR 33
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U1 10
U2 129
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 15
BP 6600
EP 6607
DI 10.1021/es200880c
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 798IK
UT WOS:000293196400058
PM 21667957
ER
PT J
AU Westphal, MF
Morey, SR
Uyeda, JC
Morgan, TJ
AF Westphal, M. F.
Morey, S. R.
Uyeda, J. C.
Morgan, T. J.
TI Molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Amphistichinae (Teleostei:
Embiotocidae) reveals parallel divergent evolution of red pigmentation
in two rapidly evolving lineages of sand-dwelling surfperch
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE carotenoids; colour pattern; evolution; livebearer; pigmentation
ID BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETICS; COLOR PATTERNS; FISHES; CAROTENOIDS; SPECIATION;
GUPPIES; TUNAXANTHIN; CALIFORNIA; PATHWAYS; MODEL
AB Pigment evolution was reconstructed in the subfamily Amphistichinae, a six-species clade of the surfperches, family Embiotocidae. Assignment was confirmed for all species within the subfamily, but low levels of differentiation were found among species within the subfamily, suggesting a recent radiation. The new phylogeny differs from previous hypotheses by the placement of the spotfin surfperch Hyperprosopon anale at the base of the subfamily, while still preserving the calico surfperch Amphistichus koelzi and the redtailed surfperch Amphistichus rhodoterus as sister species. Phenotypically, A. rhodoterus, A. koelzi and the silver surfperch Hyperprosopon ellipticum express high levels of red pigmentation. The barred surfperch, Amphistichus argenteus and the walleye surfperch Hyperprosopon argenteum express little to no red pigment, while basal H. anale expresses an intermediate amount of red pigment. Red pigmentation is proposed to have experienced parallel divergent evolution in each genus within the subfamily. [Correction added after online publication 19 July 2011: species names corrected] (C) 2011 The Authors Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
C1 [Westphal, M. F.; Morgan, T. J.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
[Morey, S. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
[Uyeda, J. C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Westphal, MF (reprint author), Hollister Field Off, Bur Land Management, 20 Hamilton Court, Hollister, CA 95023 USA.
EM mwestpha@blm.gov
FU Ecological Genomics Institute at Kansas State University; California
Coastal National Monument
FX The authors would like to thank S. Miller, D. Miller, H. J. Walker, K.
Oda, K. Lombard, H. Rodd, J. Westphal, S. Wisely, S. J. Arnold, R.
Watts, M. Christie, D. Johnson, M. Hixon, J. Q. Richmond and H. Barton.
The work was partially funded through a postdoctoral fellowship to
M.F.W. from the Ecological Genomics Institute at Kansas State
University. Further funding was provided by the California Coastal
National Monument.
NR 42
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 79
IS 2
BP 313
EP 330
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03011.x
PG 18
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 796TT
UT WOS:000293076100001
PM 21781095
ER
PT J
AU Liebich, T
McCormick, SD
Kircheis, D
Johnson, K
Regal, R
Hrabik, T
AF Liebich, T.
McCormick, S. D.
Kircheis, D.
Johnson, K.
Regal, R.
Hrabik, T.
TI Water chemistry and its effects on the physiology and survival of
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE aluminium; ATPase; chloride; DOC; glucose; pH
ID EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; SEAWATER TOLERANCE; ACID WATER; MARINE SURVIVAL;
RIVER WATER; FRESH-WATER; ALUMINUM; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; MAINE
AB The physiological effects of episodic pH fluctuations on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in eastern Maine, U.S.A., were investigated. During this study, S. salar smolts were exposed to ambient stream-water chemistry conditions at nine sites in four catchments for 3 and 6 day intervals during the spring S. salar smolt migration period. Plasma chloride, plasma glucose, gill aluminium and gill Na(+)- and K(+)-ATPase levels in S. salar smolts were assessed in relation to ambient stream-water chemistry during this migration period. Changes in both plasma chloride and plasma glucose levels of S. salar smolts were strongly correlated with stream pH, and S. salar smolt mortality occurred in one study site with ambient stream pH between 5.6 and 5.8 during the study period. The findings from this study suggest that physiological effects on S. salar smolts are strongly correlated with stream pH and that in rivers and streams with low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations the threshold for physiological effects and mortality probably occurs at a higher pH and shorter exposure period than in rivers with higher DOC. Additionally, whenever an acidification event in which pH drops below 5.9 coincides with S. salar smolt migration in eastern Maine rivers, there is potential for a significant reduction in plasma ions of S. salar smolts. Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles No claim to original US government works
C1 [Liebich, T.] USFWS, Izembek Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cold Bay, AK 99571 USA.
[McCormick, S. D.] USGS, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
[Kircheis, D.] NOAA Fisheries, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA.
[Johnson, K.] Husson Univ, Dept Chem, Bangor, ME 04401 USA.
[Regal, R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Math & Stat, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
[Hrabik, T.] UMD Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
RP Liebich, T (reprint author), USFWS, Izembek Natl Wildlife Refuge, 1 Izembek St, Cold Bay, AK 99571 USA.
EM Trent_Liebich@fws.gov
FU U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's National
Marine Fisheries Services Northeast Regional Office and Science Center;
U.S. Geological Survey Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center
FX We thank M. O'Dea, M. Monette and A. Regish for their help in running
physiological assays. We also thank M. Hachey for his assistance with
data collection and M. Cooper-man for additional assistance with data
analysis. Additionally, we would like to thank U.S. National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries
Services Northeast Regional Office and Science Center as well as the
U.S. Geological Survey Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center for funding
this research, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Green Lake and Craig Brook
National Fish Hatcheries for providing juvenile salmon, Maine Department
of Marine Resources (formerly Atlantic Salmon Commission) for assisting
with site selection, the Downeast Salmon Federation and Dennys Salmon
Club for allowing access to their property, and the University of
Maine's Sawyer Environmental Chemistry Lab and Senator George J.
Mitchell Center for Environmental and Watershed Research for their
assistance with water chemistry analyses.
NR 47
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 21
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 79
IS 2
BP 502
EP 519
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03046.x
PG 18
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 796TT
UT WOS:000293076100011
PM 21781105
ER
PT J
AU McGlue, MM
Silva, A
Corradini, FA
Zani, H
Trees, MA
Ellis, GS
Parolin, M
Swarzenski, PW
Cohen, AS
Assine, ML
AF McGlue, Michael M.
Silva, Aguinaldo
Corradini, Fabricio A.
Zani, Hiran
Trees, Mark A.
Ellis, Geoffrey S.
Parolin, Mauro
Swarzenski, Peter W.
Cohen, Andrew S.
Assine, Mario L.
TI Limnogeology in Brazil's "forgotten wilderness": a synthesis from the
large floodplain lakes of the Pantanal
SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pantanal; Limnogeology; Floodplain lakes; Tropical wetlands; Sedimentary
organic matter; Freshwater sponges
ID LACUSTRINE ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER SPONGES; MATO-GROSSO; AFRICAN
RIFT; SEDIMENTS; RIVER; INDICATORS; WETLAND; CARBON; DELTA
AB Sediment records from floodplain lakes have a large and commonly untapped potential for inferring wetland response to global change. The Brazilian Pantanal is a vast, seasonally inundated savanna floodplain system controlled by the flood pulse of the Upper Paraguay River. Little is known, however, about how floodplain lakes within the Pantanal act as sedimentary basins, or what influence hydroclimatic variables exert on limnogeological processes. This knowledge gap was addressed through an actualistic analysis of three large, shallow (< 5 m) floodplain lakes in the western Pantanal: Lagoa Gaiva, Lagoa Mandior, and Baia Vermelha. The lakes are dilute (CO(3) (2-) > Si(4+) > Ca(2+)), mildly alkaline, freshwater systems, the chemistries and morphometrics of which evolve with seasonal flooding. Lake sills are bathymetric shoals marked by siliciclastic fans and marsh vegetation. Flows at the sills likely undergo seasonal reversals with the changing stage of the Upper Paraguay River. Deposition in deeper waters, typically encountered in proximity to margin-coincident topography, is dominated by reduced silty-clays with abundant siliceous microfossils and organic matter. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, plus hydrogen index measured on bulk organic matter, suggest that contributions from algae (including cyanobacteria) and other C(3)-vegetation dominate in these environments. The presence of lotic sponge spicules, together with patterns of terrigenous sand deposition and geochemical indicators of productivity, points to the importance of the flood pulse for sediment and nutrient delivery to the lakes. Flood-pulse plumes, waves and bioturbation likewise affect the continuity of sedimentation. Short-lived radioisotopes indicate rates of 0.11-0.24 cm year(-1) at sites of uninterrupted deposition. A conceptual facies model, developed from insights gained from modern seasonal processes, can be used to predict limnogeological change when the lakes become isolated on the floodplain or during intervals associated with a strengthened flood pulse. Amplification of the seasonal cycle over longer time scales suggests carbonate, sandy lowstand fan and terrestrial organic matter deposition during arid periods, whereas deposition of lotic sponges, mixed aquatic organic matter, and highstand deltas characterizes wet intervals. The results hold substantial value for interpreting paleolimnological records from floodplain lakes linked to large tropical rivers with annual flooding cycles.
C1 [McGlue, Michael M.; Trees, Mark A.; Cohen, Andrew S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Silva, Aguinaldo] Univ Fed Mato Grosso Sul UFMS CPAN, Dept Ciencias Ambiente, BR-79304902 Corumba, MS, Brazil.
[Corradini, Fabricio A.] Univ Fed Para UFPA, Fac Geog, BR-68501970 Maraba, PA, Brazil.
[Zani, Hiran] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais INPE, Div Sensoriamento Remoto, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
[Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Parolin, Mauro] Fac Estadual Ciencias & Letras Campo Mourao, BR-87303100 Campo Mourao, PR, Brazil.
[Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Assine, Mario L.] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Geol Aplicada IGCE, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
RP McGlue, MM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM mmmcglue@email.arizona.edu; aguinald_silva@yahoo.com.br;
f_coradini@yahoo.com.br; hzani@dsr.inpe.br; treesma@email.arizona.edu;
gsellis@usgs.gov; mauroparolin@gmail.com; pswarzen@usgs.gov;
cohen@email.arizona.edu; assine@rc.unesp.br
RI Zani, Hiran/C-4304-2012; Corradini, Fabricio/D-3258-2013; McGlue,
Michael/C-9752-2014; Assine, Mario/C-1154-2013; Libardoni,
Bruno/P-3873-2014;
OI Assine, Mario/0000-0002-3097-5832; Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320
FU American Chemical Society [45910-AC8]; Sao Paulo Research Foundation
(FAPESP) [2007/55987-3]; UA-Exxon Mobil COSA; Laccore; Chevron
Corporation; Kartchner Caverns; ECOA-Brazil; EMBRAPA-Brazil; UFMS-Campus
do Pantanal; Fazenda Santa Teresa and the citizens of Amolar (MS-Brazil)
FX The title for this contribution was adapted from: The Pantanal-Brazil's
Forgotten Wilderness by Vic Banks (1991). The research presented in this
paper was supported by the American Chemical Society (PRF program grant
45910-AC8), the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP grant
2007/55987-3) and the UA-Exxon Mobil COSA project. Generous grants to MM
from Laccore, the Chevron Corporation, Kartchner Caverns, and PAGES
assisted the completion of this project. Research in Brazil would not
have been possible without logistical and scientific support from
ECOA-Brazil, EMBRAPA-Brazil, UFMS-Campus do Pantanal, the Fazenda Santa
Teresa and the citizens of Amolar (MS-Brazil). We are extremely grateful
to K. Wendt, F. dos Santos Gradella, S. Kuerten, B. Lima de Paula, D.
Calheiros, R. Lins, A. Lins, and T. Matsushima for their assistance. C.
Gans and E. Guerra de Lima provided vital support at UA during our 2009
field season. L. Helfrich, C. Landowski, X. Zhang, C. Eastoe, J. Ash and
the staff of the Limnological Research Center at the University of
Minnesota provided support in the laboratory. Critical reviews by S.
Harris, C. Turner, S. Ivory, M. Blome, M. Brenner and two anonymous
reviewers substantially improved the quality of the text.
NR 63
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 30
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-2728
J9 J PALEOLIMNOL
JI J. Paleolimn.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 46
IS 2
BP 273
EP 289
DI 10.1007/s10933-011-9538-5
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 797RJ
UT WOS:000293145000008
ER
PT J
AU Mayer, TD
Naman, SW
AF Mayer, Timothy D.
Naman, Seth W.
TI STREAMFLOW RESPONSE TO CLIMATE AS INFLUENCED BY GEOLOGY AND ELEVATION
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change/variability; rivers/streams; Klamath Basin; groundwater
hydrology; surface water/groundwater interactions; base-flow index;
Upper Klamath Lake
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; RIVER-BASIN;
TRENDS; IMPACTS; OREGON; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; SNOWPACK
AB This study examines the regional streamflow response in 25 predominately unregulated basins to warmer winter temperatures and snowpack reductions over the last half century in the Klamath Basin of California and Oregon. Geologic controls of streamflow in the region result in two general stream types: surface-dominated and groundwater-dominated basins. Surface-dominated basins were further differentiated into rain basins and snowmelt basins on the basis of elevation and timing of winter runoff. Streamflow characteristics and response to climate vary with stream type, as discussed in the study. Warmer winter temperatures and snowpack reductions have caused significantly earlier runoff peaks in both snowmelt and groundwater basins in the region. In the groundwater basins, the streamflow response to changes in snowpack is smoothed and delayed and the effects are extended longer in the summer. Our results indicate that absolute decreases in July-September base flows are significantly greater, by an order of magnitude, in groundwater basins compared to surface-dominated basins. The declines are important because groundwater basins sustain Upper Klamath Lake inflows and mainstem river flows during the typically dry summers of the area. Upper Klamath Lake April-September net inflows have decreased an estimated 16% or 84 thousand acre-feet (103.6 Mm(3)) since 1961, with the summer months showing proportionately more decline. These changes will exacerbate water supply problems for agriculture and natural resources in the region.
C1 [Mayer, Timothy D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
[Naman, Seth W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
RP Mayer, TD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
EM tim_mayer@fws.gov
NR 40
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 22
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1093-474X
EI 1752-1688
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 4
BP 724
EP 738
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00537.x
PG 15
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 796ZO
UT WOS:000293092200007
ER
PT J
AU Williamson, TN
Crawford, CG
AF Williamson, Tanja N.
Crawford, Charles G.
TI ESTIMATION OF SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION FROM TOTAL SUSPENDED
SOLIDS AND TURBIDITY DATA FOR KENTUCKY, 1978-1995
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE suspended sediment; total suspended solids; turbidity; water quality
ID STREAMS
AB Suspended sediment is a constituent of water quality that is monitored because of concerns about accelerated erosion, nonpoint contamination of water resources, and degradation of aquatic environments. In order to quantify the relationship among different sediment parameters for Kentucky streams, long-term records were obtained from the National Water Information System of the U. S. Geological Survey. Suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), the parameter traditionally measured and reported by the U. S. Geological Survey, was statistically compared to turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS), two parameters that are considered surrogate data. A linear regression of log-transformed observations was used to estimate SSC from TSS; 72% of TSS observations were less than coincident SSC observations; however, the estimated SSC values were almost as likely to be overestimated as underestimated. The SSC-turbidity relationship also used log-transformed observations, but required a nonlinear, breakpoint regression that separated turbidity observations <= 6 nephelometric turbidity units. The slope for these low turbidity values was not significantly different than zero, indicating that low turbidity observations provide no real information about SSC; in the case of the Kentucky sediment record, this accounts for 30% of the turbidity observations.
C1 [Williamson, Tanja N.] US Geol Survey, Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, Louisville, KY 40299 USA.
[Crawford, Charles G.] US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA.
RP Williamson, TN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, 9818 Bluegrass Pkwy, Louisville, KY 40299 USA.
EM tnwillia@usgs.gov
OI Crawford, Charles/0000-0003-1653-7841
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FX Partial funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. We appreciate the input of three anonymous referees
as well as that of several USGS colleagues. Any use of trade, product,
or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 30
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 7
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 4
BP 739
EP 749
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00538.x
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 796ZO
UT WOS:000293092200008
ER
PT J
AU Parsons, T
AF Parsons, Tom
TI No correlation between Anderson Reservoir stage level and underlying
Calaveras fault seismicity despite calculated differential stress
increases
SO LITHOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; SLIP RATES; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; KINEMATICS;
SCALE; KOYNA; INDIA; AREA
AB Concerns have been raised that stresses from reservoir impoundment may trigger damaging earthquakes because rate changes have been associated with reservoir impoundment or stage-level changes globally. Here, the idea is tested blindly using Anderson Reservoir, which lies atop the seismically active Calaveras fault. The only knowledge held by the author going into the study was the expectation that reservoir levels change cyclically because of seasonal rainfall. Examination of seismicity rates near the reservoir reveals variability, but no correlation with stage-level changes. Three-dimensional finite-element modeling shows stress changes sufficient for earthquake triggering along the Calaveras fault zone. Since many of the reported cases of induced triggering come from low-strain settings, it is speculated that gradual stressing from stage-level changes in high-strain settings may not be significant. From this study, it can be concluded that reservoirs are not necessarily risky in active tectonic settings.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008;
OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338
NR 37
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1941-8264
J9 LITHOSPHERE-US
JI Lithosphere
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 4
BP 261
EP 264
DI 10.1130/L148.1
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA 796QA
UT WOS:000293065500002
ER
PT J
AU Hillhouse, JW
Gromme, S
AF Hillhouse, John W.
Gromme, Sherman
TI Updated paleomagnetic pole from Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Sierra
Nevada, California: Tectonic displacement of the Sierra Nevada block
SO LITHOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; GRANITIC
PLUTONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MOTION; RANGE; BASIN; CONSTRAINTS; BATHOLITH
AB We report remanent magnetization measurements from 13 sites in Cretaceous plutonic rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada (38 degrees N-39.5 degrees N). By increasing the number of available paleomagnetic sites, the new data tighten constraints on the displacement history of the Sierra Nevada block and its pre-extensional position relative to interior North America. We collected samples in freshly exposed outcrops along four highway transects. The rocks include diorite, granodiorite, and tonalite with potassium-argon ages (hornblende) ranging from 100 Ma to 83 Ma. By combining our results with previous paleomagnetic determinations from the central and southern Sierra Nevada (excluding sites from the rotated southern tip east of the White Wolf-Kern Canyon fault system), we find a mean paleomagnetic pole of 70.5 degrees N, 188.2 degrees E, A(95) = 2.6 degrees (N = 26, Fisher concentration parameter, K = 118). Thermal demagnetization indicates that the characteristic remanence is generally unblocked in a narrow range within 35 degrees C of the Curie temperature of pure magnetite. Small apparent polar wander during the Cretaceous normal-polarity superchron, plus prolonged acquisition of remanence at the site level, may account for the low dispersion of virtual geomagnetic poles and relatively large K value. Tilt estimates based on overlapping sediments, stream gradients, and thermochronology of the Sierra Nevada plutons vary from 0 degrees to 3 degrees down to the southwest. Without tilt correction, the mean paleomagnetic pole for the Sierra Nevada is essentially coincident with the North American reference pole during the Cretaceous stillstand (125 Ma to 80 Ma). At 95% confidence, the apparent latitude shift is 1.1 degrees +/- 3.0 degrees (positive northward), and the apparent rotation is negligible, 0.0 degrees +/- 4.7 degrees. Correcting for each degree of tilt, which is limited to 3 degrees on geologic evidence, increases the rotation anomaly 2.2 degrees counterclockwise, while the apparent latitude shift remains unchanged.
C1 [Hillhouse, John W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Hillhouse, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 63
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1941-8264
J9 LITHOSPHERE-US
JI Lithosphere
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 4
BP 275
EP 288
DI 10.1130/L142.1
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA 796QA
UT WOS:000293065500004
ER
PT J
AU Maranto, CJ
Parrish, JK
Herman, DP
Punt, AE
Olden, JD
Brett, MT
Roby, DD
AF Maranto, Christina J.
Parrish, Julia K.
Herman, David P.
Punt, Andre E.
Olden, Julian D.
Brett, Michael T.
Roby, Daniel D.
TI Use of Fatty Acid Analysis to Determine Dispersal of Caspian Terns in
the Columbia River Basin, U.S.A.
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Avian predator; dispersal; fatty acid; Hydroprogne caspia; salmon
ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; TROPHIC ECOLOGY;
STABLE-ISOTOPE; DIET; SEABIRD; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; SIGNATURES;
PREDATORS
AB Lethal control, which has been used to reduce local abundances of animals in conflict with humans or with endangered species, may not achieve management goals if animal movement is not considered. In populations with emigration and immigration, lethal control may induce compensatory immigration, if the source of attraction remains unchanged. Within the Columbia River Basin (Washington, U. S. A.), avian predators forage at dams because dams tend to reduce rates of emigration of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), artificially concentrating these prey. We used differences in fatty acid profiles between Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) at coastal and inland breeding colonies and terns culled by a lethal control program at a mid-Columbia River dam to infer dispersal patterns. We modeled the rate of loss of fatty acid biomarkers, which are fatty acids that can be traced to a single prey species or groups of species, to infer whether and when terns foraging at dams had emigrated from the coast. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that coastal terns had high levels of C(20) and C(22) monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas fatty acids of inland breeders were high in C18:3n3, C20:4n6, and C22:5n3. Models of the rate of loss of fatty acid showed that approximately 60% of the terns collected at Rock Island Dam were unlikely to have bred successfully at local (inland) sites, suggesting that terns foraging at dams come from an extensive area. Fatty acid biomarkers may provide accurate information about patterns of dispersal in animal populations and may be extremely valuable in cases where populations differ demonstrably in prey base.
C1 [Maranto, Christina J.; Parrish, Julia K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Parrish, Julia K.; Punt, Andre E.; Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Herman, David P.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Brett, Michael T.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Maranto, CJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM cmaranto@uw.edu
RI Olden, Julian/A-8535-2010;
OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488
FU Chelan County Public Utility District
FX Work was performed under University of Washington Institutional Animal
Care Use Committee protocol (2994-08) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
collection permits (MB0-086121 and MB 827457-0). Funding was provided by
a contract from Chelan County Public Utility District to J.K.P. We thank
E. Donelan, M. Krahn, D. Brown, C. Sloan, R. Boyer, and R. Pearce for
help with project implementation.
NR 34
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 13
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 4
BP 736
EP 746
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01706.x
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 794NT
UT WOS:000292907500010
PM 21771078
ER
PT J
AU Austin, JD
Jelks, HL
Tate, B
Johnson, AR
Jordan, F
AF Austin, James D.
Jelks, Howard L.
Tate, Bill
Johnson, Aria R.
Jordan, Frank
TI Population genetic structure and conservation genetics of threatened
Okaloosa darters (Etheostoma okaloosae)
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE AMOVA; Bayesian cluster analysis; Distinct population segments;
Endangered; Evolutionary significant units; Phylogeography
ID MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PERCIDAE; LANDSCAPE;
DIVERSITY; TELEOSTEI; ABUNDANCE; SOFTWARE; UTILITY; NUMBER
AB Imperiled Okaloosa darters (Etheostoma okaloosae) are small, benthic fish limited to six streams that flow into three bayous of Choctawhatchee Bay in northwest Florida, USA. We analyzed the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and 10 nuclear microsatellite loci for 255 and 273 Okaloosa darters, respectively. Bayesian clustering analyses and AMOVA reflect congruent population genetic structure in both mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA. This structure reveals historical isolation of Okaloosa darter streams nested within bayous. Most of the six streams appear to have exchanged migrants though they remain genetically distinct. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recently reclassified Okaloosa darters from endangered to threatened status. Our genetic data support the reclassification of Okaloosa darter Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) in the larger Tom's, Turkey, and Rocky creeks from endangered to threatened status. However, the three smaller drainages (Mill, Swift, and Turkey Bolton creeks) remain at risk due to their small population sizes and anthropogenic pressures on remaining habitat. Natural resource managers now have the evolutionary information to guide recovery actions within and among drainages throughout the range of the Okaloosa darter.
C1 [Austin, James D.; Johnson, Aria R.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Jelks, Howard L.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
[Tate, Bill] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson Guard Nat Resources Facil, Eglin AF Base, Niceville, FL 32578 USA.
[Jordan, Frank] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
RP Austin, JD (reprint author), Univ Florida, POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM austinj@ufl.edu; hjelks@usgs.gov; Bill_Tate@fws.gov; jordan@loyno.edu
OI Austin, James/0000-0003-0643-8620
FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; U.S. Department of
Defense
FX We thank B. Garner for her assistance with genotyping. L. Jelks greatly
improved the readability of this manuscript. Funding for this research
was provided by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Nongame Grant Program and the U.S. Department of Defense. The findings
and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement
by the U.S. Government.
NR 45
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
EI 1572-9737
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 4
BP 981
EP 989
DI 10.1007/s10592-011-0201-5
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 794FL
UT WOS:000292880800010
ER
PT J
AU Janssen, EML
Thompson, JK
Luoma, SN
Luthy, RG
AF Janssen, Elisabeth M. -L.
Thompson, Janet K.
Luoma, Samuel N.
Luthy, Richard G.
TI PCB-INDUCED CHANGES OF A BENTHIC COMMUNITY AND EXPECTED ECOSYSTEM
RECOVERY FOLLOWING IN SITU SORBENT AMENDMENT
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Functional ecology; Bioavailability; Sediment remediation; Biodynamic
modeling; Benthic community
ID POLYCHAETE NEANTHES-ARENACEODENTATA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ACTIVATED CARBON
AMENDMENT; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; MACOMA-BALTHICA; SEDIMENT
CONTAMINATION; MARINE SEDIMENT; MYTILUS-EDULIS; BIOACCUMULATION;
CALIFORNIA
AB The benthic community was analyzed to evaluate pollution-induced changes for the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated site at Hunters Point (HP) relative to 30 reference sites in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. An analysis based on functional traits of feeding, reproduction, and position in the sediment shows that HP is depauperate in deposit feeders, subsurface carnivores, and species with no protective barrier. Sediment chemistry analysis shows that PCBs are the major risk drivers at HP (1,570 ppb) and that the reference sites contain very low levels of PCB contamination (9 ppb). Different feeding traits support the existence of direct pathways of exposure, which can be mechanistically linked to PCB bioaccumulation by biodynamic modeling. The model shows that the deposit feeder Neanthes arenaceodentata accumulates approximately 20 times more PCBs in its lipids than the facultative deposit feeder Macoma balthica and up to 130 times more than the filter feeder Mytilus edulis. The comparison of different exposure scenarios suggests that PCB tissue concentrations at HP are two orders of magnitude higher than at the reference sites. At full scale, in situ sorbent amendment with activated carbon may reduce PCB bioaccumulation at HP by up to 85 to 90% under favorable field and treatment conditions. The modeling framework further demonstrates that such expected remedial success corresponds to exposure conditions suggested as the cleanup goal for HP. However, concentrations remain slightly higher than at the reference sites. The present study demonstrates how the remedial success of a sorbent amendment, which lowers the PCB availability, can be compared to reference conditions and traditional cleanup goals, which are commonly based on bulk sediment concentrations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1819-1826. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Janssen, Elisabeth M. -L.; Luthy, Richard G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Thompson, Janet K.; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Luthy, RG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM luthy@stanford.edu
RI Janssen, Elisabeth/K-4246-2012
FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP)
[ER-1552]; U.S. Geological Survey
FX Project funding was provided through the Strategic Environmental
Research and Development Program (SERDP, ER-1552) and the U.S.
Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program.
NR 39
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 22
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 8
BP 1819
EP 1826
DI 10.1002/etc.574
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 796OH
UT WOS:000293060900011
PM 21560148
ER
PT J
AU Grilo, C
Ascensao, F
Santos-Reis, M
Bissonette, JA
AF Grilo, Clara
Ascensao, Fernando
Santos-Reis, Margarida
Bissonette, John A.
TI Do well-connected landscapes promote road-related mortality?
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Carnivores; Stone marten; Habitat fragmentation; Hierarchical
partitioning; Montado; Roadkill
ID FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; STONE MARTENS;
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; PATCH CONNECTIVITY;
NORTH-AMERICA; CENTRAL SPAIN; HABITAT; POPULATIONS
AB Cost surface (CS) models have emerged as a useful tool to examine the interactions between landscapes patterns and wildlife at large-scale extents. This approach is particularly relevant to guide conservation planning for species that show vulnerability to road networks in human-dominated landscapes. In this study, we measured the functional connectivity of the landscape in southern Portugal and examined how it may be related to stone marten road mortality risk. We addressed three questions: (1) How different levels of landscape connectivity influence stone marten occurrence in montado patches? (2) Is there any relation between montado patches connectivity and stone marten road mortality risk? (3) If so, which road-related features might be responsible for the species' high road mortality? We developed a series of connectivity models using CS scenarios with different resistance values given to each vegetation cover type to reflect different resistance to species movement. Our models showed that the likelihood of occurrence of stone marten decreased with distance to source areas, meaning continuous montado. Open areas and riparian areas within open area matrices entailed increased costs. We found higher stone marten mortality on roads in well-connected areas. Road sinuosity was an important factor influencing the mortality in those areas. This result challenges the way that connectivity and its relation to mortality has been generally regarded. Clearly, landscape connectivity and road-related mortality are not independent.
C1 [Grilo, Clara; Ascensao, Fernando; Santos-Reis, Margarida] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Dept Biol Anim, Fac Ciencias C2 5, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal.
[Grilo, Clara] EBD CSIC, Dept Biol Conservac, Seville 41092, Spain.
[Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources,Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Grilo, C (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Dept Biol Anim, Fac Ciencias C2 5, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal.
EM cbgrilo@fc.ul.pt
RI marcos, filipa/G-7133-2011; Santos-Reis, Margarida/H-4064-2011; Grilo,
Clara/H-2002-2012; Ascensao, Fernando/G-1513-2014; CSIC, EBD
Donana/C-4157-2011;
OI Grilo, Clara/0000-0001-9870-3115; Ascensao,
Fernando/0000-0003-1704-0212; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602;
Santos-Reis, Margarida/0000-0002-0337-963X
FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [POCTI/MGS/47435/2002,
SFRH/BD/10600/2002, SFRH/BD/38053/2007]; Brisa Auto-Estradas de Portugal
FX Funds for this study were provided by the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a
Tecnologia (FCT) under the project POCTI/MGS/47435/2002. Additional
funding was provided by Brisa Auto-Estradas de Portugal S.A. C. Grilo
and F. Ascensao were supported by FCT Ph.D. grants (SFRH/BD/10600/2002
and SFRH/BD/38053/2007, respectively). We would like to thank Marta Cruz
for the field assistance and also Carla Baltazar, Luis Gomes, Clara
Silva, Marco Lusquinos, Joao Rosario, and many other volunteers who
helped with the road monitoring.
NR 71
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 39
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1612-4642
J9 EUR J WILDLIFE RES
JI Eur. J. Wildl. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 57
IS 4
BP 707
EP 716
DI 10.1007/s10344-010-0478-6
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 794WR
UT WOS:000292932500002
ER
PT J
AU Rolland, V
Hostetler, JA
Hines, TC
Percival, HF
Oli, MK
AF Rolland, Virginie
Hostetler, Jeffrey A.
Hines, Tommy C.
Percival, H. Franklin
Oli, Madan K.
TI Factors influencing reproductive performance of northern bobwhite in
South Florida
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Burning; Colinus virginianus; Hatchability; Male participation; Nest
survival; Weather conditions
ID POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; LIFE-HISTORY VARIABLES; NEST SURVIVAL; RELATIVE
IMPORTANCE; BREEDING SUCCESS; MATING SYSTEMS; CLUTCH-SIZE; SENSITIVITY;
SELECTION; PATTERNS
AB Reproductive success is a critical component of individual fitness, and also an important determinant of growth rates of populations characterized by early maturity and high fecundity. We used radiotelemetry data collected during 2003-2008 to estimate reproductive parameters in a declining northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) population in South Florida, and to test hypotheses regarding factors influencing these parameters. The overall clutch size was 12.10 +/- 0.22, but females laid more eggs in their first clutch (12.43 +/- 0.24) than in subsequent clutches (10.19 +/- 0.53) within a nesting season. Daily nest survival was higher for first (0.966 +/- 0.003) than subsequent nests (0.936 +/- 0.011). Hatchability (proportion of laid eggs that hatched conditional upon nest survival to hatching) was 0.853 +/- 0.008, but was higher for nests incubated by females (0.873 +/- 0.009) than those incubated by males (0.798 +/- 0.018). The proportion of individuals attempting a second nest was 0.112 +/- 0.024 and 0.281 +/- 0.040 when the first nest was successful and failed, respectively. Hatchability was lower when the nesting habitat was burned the previous winter. We found no evidence that food strip density (a management practice to provide supplemental food) influenced any of the reproductive parameters. Mean summer temperature affected hatchability, nest survival, and proportion of nests incubated by males. Overall, the reproductive output in our study population was lower than that reported for most other bobwhite populations, indicating that low reproductive performance may have contributed to bobwhite population declines in our study site. These results suggest that current management practices, particularly those related to habitat and harvest management, need careful evaluation.
C1 [Rolland, Virginie; Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife & Ecol Conservat, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Rolland, V (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife & Ecol Conservat, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM vrolland@ufl.edu
RI Hostetler, Jeffrey/A-3345-2011
OI Hostetler, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3669-1758
FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Department of
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida
FX We thank R. Dimmick for leading field data collection efforts, and S. &
A. Brinkley, G. Coker, D. Caudill, D. Holt, J. McGrady, J. Sloane, and
J. Scott for their significant contribution to data collection. We are
grateful to the many volunteers from the Southwest Florida Chapter of
Quail Unlimited who aided the research in many ways. We acknowledge T.
O'Meara, J. Martin and D. Eggeman and two anonymous reviewers for
helpful comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. Research was
funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, and the
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida.
NR 66
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 4
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1612-4642
EI 1439-0574
J9 EUR J WILDLIFE RES
JI Eur. J. Wildl. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 57
IS 4
BP 717
EP 727
DI 10.1007/s10344-010-0479-5
PG 11
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 794WR
UT WOS:000292932500003
ER
PT J
AU Herring, G
Ackerman, JT
AF Herring, Garth
Ackerman, Joshua T.
TI California gull chicks raised near colony edges have elevated stress
levels
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE California gull; Colonial nesting; Corticosterone; Fecal metabolites;
Fecal steroids; Nest location
ID FECAL GLUCOCORTICOID METABOLITES; PARENTAL AGE; CORTICOSTERONE
METABOLITES; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; LARUS-CALIFORNICUS; AMERICAN
KESTRELS; BODY CONDITION; BIRDS; KITTIWAKE; DROPPINGS
AB Coloniality in nesting birds represents an important life history strategy for maximizing reproductive success. Birds nesting near the edge of colonies tend to have lower reproductive success than individuals nesting near colony centers, and offspring of edge-nesting parents may be impaired relative to those of central-nesting parents. We used fecal corticosterone metabolites in California gull chicks (Larus californicus) to examine whether colony size or location within the colony influenced a chick's physiological condition. We found that chicks being raised near colony edges had higher fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations than chicks raised near colony centers, but that colony size (ranging from 150 to 11,554 nests) had no influence on fecal corticosterone levels. Fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations also increased with chick age. Our results suggest that similarly aged California gull chicks raised near colony edges may be more physiologically stressed, as indicated by corticosterone metabolites, than chicks raised near colony centers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Herring, Garth; Ackerman, Joshua T.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Herring, Garth] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Herring, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM gherring@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey
FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey. We appreciate the
logistical support and cooperation of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay
National Wildlife Refuge and the San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory. All
birds were captured and banded under US Fish and Wildlife Service
banding permits, California Department of Fish and Game collection
permits, and under the guidelines of the US Geological Survey, Western
Ecological Research Center, Animal Care and Use Committee. We thank C.
Schacter, M. Herzog, S. Peterson, and E. Robertson for field assistance.
J. Stott and M. Blanchard provided access to a plate reader and valuable
advice on running EIA plates. M. Herzog provided valuable statistical
advice. L. Bowen and C. Strong provided valuable comments on previous
drafts of this manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in
this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the US Government.
NR 73
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 11
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2011
VL 173
IS 1
BP 72
EP 77
DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.029
PG 6
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 793GK
UT WOS:000292808200011
PM 21596043
ER
PT J
AU Emmenegger, EJ
Kentop, E
Thompson, TM
Pittam, S
Ryan, A
Keon, D
Carlino, JA
Ranson, J
Life, RB
Troyer, RM
Garver, KA
Kurath, G
AF Emmenegger, E. J.
Kentop, E.
Thompson, T. M.
Pittam, S.
Ryan, A.
Keon, D.
Carlino, J. A.
Ranson, J.
Life, R. B.
Troyer, R. M.
Garver, K. A.
Kurath, G.
TI Development of an aquatic pathogen database (AquaPathogen X) and its
utilization in tracking emerging fish virus pathogens in North America
SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE database; fish; infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus; pathogen;
spring viraemia of carp virus; viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus
ID VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS;
SPRING-VIREMIA; CARP-VIRUS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; LAKE-ONTARIO; COMMON
CARP; SEQUENCE DATABASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; 1ST REPORT
AB The AquaPathogen X database is a template for recording information on individual isolates of aquatic pathogens and is freely available for down-load (http://wfrc.usgs.gov). This database can accommodate the nucleotide sequence data generated in molecular epidemiological studies along with the myriad of abiotic and biotic traits associated with isolates of various pathogens (e. g. viruses, parasites and bacteria) from multiple aquatic animal host species (e. g. fish, shellfish and shrimp). The cataloguing of isolates from different aquatic pathogens simultaneously is a unique feature to the AquaPathogen X database, which can be used in surveillance of emerging aquatic animal diseases and elucidation of key risk factors associated with pathogen incursions into new water systems. An application of the template database that stores the epidemiological profiles of fish virus isolates, called Fish ViroTrak, was also developed. Exported records for two aquatic rhabdovirus species emerging in North America were used in the implementation of two separate web-accessible databases: the Molecular Epidemiology of Aquatic Pathogens infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (MEAP-IHNV) database (http://gis.nacse.org/ihnv/) released in 2006 and the MEAP-viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (http://gis.nacse.org/vhsv/) database released in 2010.
C1 [Emmenegger, E. J.; Thompson, T. M.; Ranson, J.; Life, R. B.; Kurath, G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[Kentop, E.] Oasis Grp, Shoreline, WA USA.
[Pittam, S.; Ryan, A.; Keon, D.] Oregon State Univ, NW Alliance Computat Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Carlino, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Biol Informat Infrastruct Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Troyer, R. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Garver, K. A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada.
RP Emmenegger, EJ (reprint author), USGS Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM eemmenegger@usgs.gov
FU USDA; Great Lakes Fisheries Trust; USGS
FX Funding support for the development of the database was from the USDA
Critical Issues Program, Great Lakes Fisheries Trust and the USGS
National Biological Information and Infrastructure (NBII) Program. We
thank Robin Salling and Mary Dunning for their IT support and
championing of the database public relations, Debra Becker for her
efforts in designing the new WFRC website and inclusion of the template
database download feature, and Dr Jim Winton's nomination of our product
as one of USGS's best database tools for 2010. Many thanks to all fish
health agencies that provided virus isolates and data for IHNV, VHSV and
SVCV: the database would not exist without your contributions. Any use
of trade, product or corporate names is for descriptive purposes only
and does not imply endorsement by the US government.
NR 42
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0140-7775
J9 J FISH DIS
JI J. Fish Dis.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 8
BP 579
EP 587
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01270.x
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 794AL
UT WOS:000292865900002
PM 21762169
ER
PT J
AU Ammayappan, A
Kurath, G
Thompson, TM
Vakharia, VN
AF Ammayappan, Arun
Kurath, Gael
Thompson, Tarin M.
Vakharia, Vikram N.
TI A Reverse Genetics System for the Great Lakes Strain of Viral
Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus: the NV Gene is Required for Pathogenicity
SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus; Reverse genetics; Synthetic biology;
Pathogenesis; Yellow perch; Non-virion gene
ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUSES; RESPIRATORY
SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; SNAKEHEAD RHABDOVIRUS; FISH RHABDOVIRUS;
VACCINIA-VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; FOREIGN GENE; CLONED CDNA; PROTEIN
AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), belonging to the genus Novirhabdovirus in the family of Rhabdoviridae, causes a highly contagious disease of fresh and saltwater fish worldwide. Recently, a novel genotype of VHSV, designated IVb, has invaded the Great Lakes in North America, causing large-scale epidemics in wild fish. An efficient reverse genetics system was developed to generate a recombinant VHSV of genotype IVb from cloned cDNA. The recombinant VHSV (rVHSV) was comparable to the parental wild-type strain both in vitro and in vivo, causing high mortality in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). A modified recombinant VHSV was generated in which the NV gene was substituted with an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (rVHSV-Delta NV-EGFP), and another recombinant was made by inserting the EGFP gene into the full-length viral clone between the P and M genes (rVHSV-EGFP). The in vitro replication kinetics of rVHSV-EGFP was similar to rVHSV; however, the rVHSV-Delta NV-EGFP grew 2 logs lower. In yellow perch challenges, wtVHSV and rVHSV induced 82-100% cumulative per cent mortality (CPM), respectively, whereas rVHSV-EGFP produced 62% CPM and rVHSV-Delta NV-EGFP caused only 15% CPM. No reversion of mutation was detected in the recovered viruses and the recombinant viruses stably maintained the foreign gene after several passages. These results indicate that the NV gene of VHSV is not essential for viral replication in vitro and in vivo, but it plays an important role in viral replication efficiency and pathogenicity. This system will facilitate studies of VHSV replication, virulence, and production of viral vectored vaccines.
C1 [Ammayappan, Arun; Vakharia, Vikram N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA.
[Kurath, Gael; Thompson, Tarin M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Vakharia, VN (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, 701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA.
EM vakharia@umbi.umd.edu
NR 35
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1436-2228
J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL
JI Mar. Biotechnol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 4
SI SI
BP 672
EP 683
DI 10.1007/s10126-010-9329-4
PG 12
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 794YZ
UT WOS:000292939100008
PM 20936318
ER
PT J
AU Jacobson, RB
Janke, TP
Skold, JJ
AF Jacobson, Robert B.
Janke, Tyler P.
Skold, Jason J.
TI Hydrologic and geomorphic considerations in restoration of
river-floodplain connectivity in a highly altered river system, Lower
Missouri River, USA
SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Wetland restoration; Fluvial geomorphology; Flow regime; Dams;
Cottonwoods
ID ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; REGULATED RIVERS; WATER
MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIME; RECRUITMENT; VEGETATION; WETLANDS;
EXAMPLE
AB Planning for restoration of river-floodplain systems requires understanding how often and how much of a floodplain may be inundated, and how likely the floodplain is to retain the water once flooded. These factors depend fundamentally on hydrology and geomorphology of the channel and floodplain. We discuss application of an index of river-floodplain connectivity, the Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI), to regional-scale restoration planning along 600 km of the Lower Missouri River. The LCPI integrates modeled water-surface elevations, floodplain topography, and soils to index relative wetness of floodplain patches. Geomorphic adjustment of the Lower Missouri River to impoundment and channel engineering has altered the natural relations among hydrology, geomorphology, and floodplain soils, and has resulted in a regional upstream to downstream gradient in connectivity potential. As a result, flow-regime management is limited in its capacity to restore floodplain ecosystems. The LCPI provides a tool for identifying and mapping floodplain restoration potential, accounting for the geomorphic adjustment. Using simple criteria, we illustrate the utility of LCPI-like approaches in regional planning for restoration of plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides) communities, hydrologically connected floodplain wetlands, and seasonal floodplain wetlands.
C1 [Jacobson, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA.
[Janke, Tyler P.; Skold, Jason J.] Nature Conservancy, Missouri River Program, Omaha, NE USA.
RP Jacobson, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA.
EM rjacobson@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program;
The Nature Conservancy Missouri River Program; U.S. Geological Survey;
The Nature Conservancy
FX Data used in this manuscript were compiled using a funding partnership
that includes the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Program, U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River
Recovery Program, and The Nature Conservancy Missouri River Program.
Funding for analysis and writing was provided by the U.S. Geological
Survey and The Nature Conservancy.
NR 81
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 4
U2 50
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0923-4861
J9 WETL ECOL MANAG
JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 4
BP 295
EP 316
DI 10.1007/s11273-011-9217-3
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 794YR
UT WOS:000292938100001
ER
PT J
AU Zweig, CL
Reichert, BE
Kitchens, WM
AF Zweig, C. L.
Reichert, B. E.
Kitchens, W. M.
TI Implications of discontinuous elevation gradients on fragmentation and
restoration in patterned wetlands
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE elevation; Everglades; fragmentation; FRAGSTATS; LANDSAT; restoration
AB Large wetlands around the world face the possibility of degradation, not only from complete conversion, but also from subtle changes in their structure and function. While fragmentation and isolation of wetlands within heterogeneous landscapes has received much attention, the disruption of spatial patterns/processes within large wetland systems and the resulting fragmentation of community components are less well documented. A greater understanding of pattern/process relationships and landscape gradients, and what occurs when they are altered, could help avoid undesirable consequences of restoration actions. The objective of this study is to determine the amount of fragmentation of sawgrass ridges due to artificial impoundment of water and how that may be differentially affected by spatial position relative to north and south levees. We also introduce groundbreaking evidence of landscape-level discontinuous elevation gradients within WCA3AS by comparing generalized linear and generalized additive models. These relatively abrupt breaks in elevation may have non-linear effects on hydrology and vegetation communities and would be crucial in restoration considerations. Modeling suggests there are abrupt breaks in elevation as a function of northing (Y-coordinate). Fragmentation indices indicate that fragmentation is a function of elevation and easting (X-coordinate), and that fragmentation has increased from 1988-2002. When landscapes change and the changes are compounded by non-linear landscape variables that are described herein, the maintenance processes change with them, creating a degraded feedback loop that alters the system's response to structuring variables and diminishes our ability to predict the effects of restoration projects or climate change. Only when these landscape variables and linkages are clearly defined can we predict the response to potential perturbations and apply the knowledge to other landscape-level wetland systems in need of future restoration.
C1 [Zweig, C. L.; Reichert, B. E.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Kitchens, W. M.] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Zweig, CL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM czweig@ufl.edu
FU U.S. Corps of Engineers
FX This project was funded by the U.S. Corps of Engineers. We would like to
thank the following people for their input: Matt Burgess and Hardin
Waddle. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products or
software or models, whether commercially available or not, is for
informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the
U.S. Government or the US Geological Survey.
NR 44
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 8
AR UNSP 98
DI 10.1890/ES11-00119.1
PG 14
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V30IY
UT WOS:000208810900012
ER
PT J
AU Picotte, JJ
Robertson, K
AF Picotte, Joshua J.
Robertson, Kevin
TI Timing Constraints on Remote Sensing of Wildland Fire Burned Area in the
Southeastern US
SO REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Apalachicola National Forest; burn severity; cloud cover; depression
swamp; differenced normalized burn ratio; dNBR; NBR; normalized burn
ratio; prescribed fire; wet flatwoods
ID SEVERITY
AB Remote sensing using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery is increasingly used for mapping wildland fire burned area and burn severity, owing to its frequency of collection, relatively high resolution, and availability free of charge. However, rapid response of vegetation following fire and frequent cloud cover pose challenges to this approach in the southeastern US. We assessed these timing constraints by using a series of Landsat TM images to determine how rapidly the remotely sensed burn scar signature fades following prescribed burns in wet flatwoods and depression swamp community types in the Apalachicola National Forest, Florida, USA during 2006. We used both the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) of reflectance bands sensitive to vegetation and exposed soil cover, as well as the change in NBR from before to after fire (dNBR), to estimate burned area. We also determined the average and maximum amount of time following fire required to obtain a cloud-free image for burns in each month of the year, as well as the predicted effect of this time lag on percent accuracy of burn scar estimates. Using both NBR and dNBR, the detectable area decreased linearly 9% per month on average over the first four months following fire. Our findings suggest that the NBR and dNBR methods for monitoring burned area in common southeastern US vegetation community types are limited to an average of 78-90% accuracy among months of the year, with individual burns having values as low as 38%, if restricted to use of Landsat 5 TM imagery. However, the majority of burns can still be mapped at accuracies similar to those in other regions of the US, and access to additional sources of satellite imagery would improve overall accuracy.
C1 [Picotte, Joshua J.] USGS, ARTS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Robertson, Kevin] Tall Timbers Res Stn & Land Conservancy, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA.
RP Picotte, JJ (reprint author), USGS, ARTS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM jpicotte@usgs.gov; krobertson@ttrs.org
FU Joint Fires Science Program Project [06-2-1-31]; National Parks Service
Cooperative Agreement [H5023-10-0001]; USGS [G08PC91508]; USDA Forest
Service; Apalachicola National Forest; Tall Timbers Research Station and
Land Conservancy
FX This project was supported by Joint Fires Science Program Project #
06-2-1-31, National Parks Service Cooperative Agreement H5023-10-0001,
USGS contract G08PC91508, the USDA Forest Service, Apalachicola National
Forest, and Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy. We thank
Caroline Noble, David Brownlie, and Bruce Davenport for instrumental
assistance in the initiating the project, Nate Benson, Don Ohlen, Joe
Noble, and Theron Terhune for essential technical support, and Carl Key
and Steve Howard for their assistance in revising this manuscript. We
thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments substantially improved
the paper.
NR 19
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 21
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL
JI Remote Sens.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 8
BP 1680
EP 1690
DI 10.3390/rs3081680
PG 11
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA 978NZ
UT WOS:000306751500009
ER
PT J
AU Hartig, JH
Zarull, MA
Cook, A
AF Hartig, J. H.
Zarull, M. A.
Cook, A.
TI Soft shoreline engineering survey of ecological effectiveness
SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Shoreline engineering; Habitat; Ecological benefits
ID DESIGN
AB Historically, many urban waterfront shorelines were stabilized using hard shoreline engineering to protect developments from flooding and erosion, or to accommodate commercial navigation or industry. Today, there is growing interest in developing shorelines using ecological principles and practices that enhance habitat and improve aesthetics, while at the same time reducing erosion, providing stability, and ensuring shoreline safety (i.e., soft shoreline engineering). In 2008-2009, a survey of 38 soft shoreline engineering projects in the Detroit River-western Lake Erie watershed was conducted. In total, $17.3 million (combined U.S. and Canadian currency) was spent on these projects. Of the 38 projects implemented, six (16%) had some quantitative assessment of ecological effectiveness, while the remaining 32 lacked monitoring or only had qualitative assessment through visual inspection. Key lessons learned include: involve habitat experts at the initial stages of waterfront planning; establish broad-based goals with quantitative targets to measure project success; ensure multidisciplinary project support; start with demonstration projects and attract partners; treat habitat modification projects as experiments that promote learning; involve citizen scientists, volunteers, and universities in monitoring, and obtain post-project monitoring commitments up front in project planning; measure benefits and communicate successes; and promote education and outreach, including public events that showcase results and communicate benefits. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Hartig, J. H.; Cook, A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA.
[Zarull, M. A.] Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Water Sci & Technol, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
RP Hartig, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA.
EM john_hartig@fws.gov; Michael.Zarull@ec.gc.ca; anna_cook@fws.gov
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 6
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-8574
J9 ECOL ENG
JI Ecol. Eng.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 8
BP 1231
EP 1238
DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.02.006
PG 8
WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering
GA 788GW
UT WOS:000292434400016
ER
PT J
AU Lovelock, CE
Bennion, V
Grinham, A
Cahoon, DR
AF Lovelock, Catherine E.
Bennion, Vicki
Grinham, Alistair
Cahoon, Donald R.
TI The Role of Surface and Subsurface Processes in Keeping Pace with Sea
Level Rise in Intertidal Wetlands of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia
SO ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Avicennia marina; rod surface elevation tables; sedimentation;
subsidence; Brisbane; South East Queensland
ID MANGROVE FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALT-MARSH; ELEVATION; PEAT; SEDIMENT;
GROUNDWATER; SUBSIDENCE; MORTALITY; SERVICES
AB Increases in the elevation of the soil surfaces of mangroves and salt marshes are key to the maintenance of these habitats with accelerating sea level rise. Understanding the processes that give rise to increases in soil surface elevation provides science for management of landscapes for sustainable coastal wetlands. Here, we tested whether the soil surface elevation of mangroves and salt marshes in Moreton Bay is keeping up with local rates of sea level rise (2.358 mm y(-1)) and whether accretion on the soil surface was the most important process for keeping up with sea level rise. We found variability in surface elevation gains, with sandy areas in the eastern bay having the highest surface elevation gains in both mangrove and salt marsh (5.9 and 1.9 mm y(-1)) whereas in the muddier western bay rates of surface elevation gain were lower (1.4 and -0.3 mm y(-1) in mangrove and salt marsh, respectively). Both sides of the bay had similar rates of surface accretion (similar to 7-9 mm y(-1) in the mangrove and 1-3 mm y(-1) in the salt marsh), but mangrove soils in the western bay were subsiding at a rate of approximately 8 mm y(-1), possibly due to compaction of organic sediments. Over the study surface elevation increments were sensitive to position in the intertidal zone (higher when lower in the intertidal) and also to variation in mean sea level (higher at high sea level). Although surface accretion was the most important process for keeping up with sea level rise in the eastern bay, subsidence largely negated gains made through surface accretion in the western bay indicating a high vulnerability to sea level rise in these forests.
C1 [Lovelock, Catherine E.; Bennion, Vicki] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Grinham, Alistair] Univ Queensland, Sch Environm Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Cahoon, Donald R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
EM c.lovelock@uq.edu.au
RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012
OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855
NR 49
TC 27
Z9 29
U1 5
U2 62
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1432-9840
J9 ECOSYSTEMS
JI Ecosystems
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 14
IS 5
BP 745
EP 757
DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9443-9
PG 13
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 793IM
UT WOS:000292813800006
ER
PT J
AU Galkiewicz, JP
Pratte, ZA
Gray, MA
Kellogg, CA
AF Galkiewicz, Julia P.
Pratte, Zoe A.
Gray, Michael A.
Kellogg, Christina A.
TI Characterization of culturable bacteria isolated from the cold-water
coral Lophelia pertusa
SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE coral; deep sea; cold water; bacteria; Lophelia
ID PATHOGEN VIBRIO-CORALLIILYTICUS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES; DEEP;
COMMUNITIES; SEA; DIVERSITY; SURFACE; REEFS; SCLERACTINIA; MANAGEMENT
AB Microorganisms associated with corals are hypothesized to contribute to the function of the host animal by cycling nutrients, breaking down carbon sources, fixing nitrogen, and producing antibiotics. This is the first study to culture and characterize bacteria from Lophelia pertusa, a cold-water coral found in the deep sea, in an effort to understand the roles that the microorganisms play in the coral microbial community. Two sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico were sampled over 2 years. Bacteria were cultured from coral tissue, skeleton, and mucus, identified by 16S rRNA genes, and subjected to biochemical testing. Most isolates were members of the Gammaproteobacteria, although there was one isolate each from the Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Phylogenetic results showed that both sampling sites shared closely related isolates (e.g. Pseudoalteromonas spp.), indicating possible temporally and geographically stable bacterial-coral associations. The Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test was used to separate bacteria to the strain level, with the results showing that isolates that were phylogenetically tightly grouped had varying responses to antibiotics. These results support the conclusion that phylogenetic placement cannot predict strain-level differences and further highlight the need for culture-based experiments to supplement culture-independent studies.
C1 [Gray, Michael A.; Kellogg, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Pratte, Zoe A.] Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33733 USA.
[Galkiewicz, Julia P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM ckellogg@usgs.gov
OI Kellogg, Christina/0000-0002-6492-9455
FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (formerly
Minerals Management Service); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystem Program and was sponsored
and facilitated by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and
Enforcement (formerly Minerals Management Service). We appreciate the
patience and assistance of the rest of the USGS DISCOVRE team in the
collection of these critical samples. Thanks are also due to the Harbor
Branch Oceanographic Institute, the captain and crew of the R/V Seward
Johnson, and especially the pilots and technicians of the submersible
Johnson-Sea-Link, without whom this research could not have been
conducted. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and
does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
NR 53
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 17
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0168-6496
EI 1574-6941
J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL
JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 77
IS 2
BP 333
EP 346
DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01115.x
PG 14
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 790RX
UT WOS:000292608000010
PM 21507025
ER
PT J
AU Barnard, PL
Erikson, LH
Kvitek, RG
AF Barnard, Patrick L.
Erikson, Li H.
Kvitek, Rikk G.
TI Small-scale sediment transport patterns and bedform morphodynamics: new
insights from high-resolution multibeam bathymetry
SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DANISH WADDEN SEA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; 3-DIMENSIONAL DUNES; DUMPED
SEDIMENTS; INLET CHANNEL; WESER ESTUARY; GERMAN BIGHT; NORTH-SEA; FLOW;
MODEL
AB New multibeam echosounder and processing technologies yield sub-meter-scale bathymetric resolution, revealing striking details of bedform morphology that are shaped by complex boundary-layer flow dynamics at a range of spatial and temporal scales. An inertially aided post processed kinematic (IAPPK) technique generates a smoothed best estimate trajectory (SBET) solution to tie the vessel motion-related effects of each sounding directly to the ellipsoid, significantly reducing artifacts commonly found in multibeam data, increasing point density, and sharpening seafloor features. The new technique was applied to a large bedform field in 20-30 m water depths in central San Francisco Bay, California (USA), revealing bedforms that suggest boundary-layer flow deflection by the crests where 12-m-wavelength, 0.2-m-amplitude bedforms are superimposed on 60-m-wavelength, 1-m-amplitude bedforms, with crests that often were strongly oblique (approaching 90A degrees) to the larger features on the lee side, and near-parallel on the stoss side. During one survey in April 2008, superimposed bedform crests were continuous between the crests of the larger features, indicating that flow detachment in the lee of the larger bedforms is not always a dominant process. Assessment of bedform crest peakedness, asymmetry, and small-scale bedform evolution between surveys indicates the impact of different flow regimes on the entire bedform field. This paper presents unique fine-scale imagery of compound and superimposed bedforms, which is used to (1) assess the physical forcing and evolution of a bedform field in San Francisco Bay, and (2) in conjunction with numerical modeling, gain a better fundamental understanding of boundary-layer flow dynamics that result in the observed superimposed bedform orientation.
C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.; Erikson, Li H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Kvitek, Rikk G.] Calif State Univ, Seafloor Mapping Lab, Inst Earth Syst Sci & Policy, Seaside, CA 93955 USA.
RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM pbarnard@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey; San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development
Commission
FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Geological Survey and the San
Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission for funding this
research. Gary Greene and Verner Ernstsen provided excellent reviews. In
addition, Dr. Ernstsen suggested other plausible explanations for the
observed bedform orientations, which were incorporated in the text.
Daniel Hoover, Jonathan Warrick and Dave Rubin provided helpful internal
reviews.
NR 37
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0276-0460
EI 1432-1157
J9 GEO-MAR LETT
JI Geo-Mar. Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 4
BP 227
EP 236
DI 10.1007/s00367-011-0227-1
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 793MZ
UT WOS:000292828800002
ER
PT J
AU Brothers, LL
Kelley, JT
Belknap, DF
Barnhardt, WA
Andrews, BD
Maynard, ML
AF Brothers, Laura L.
Kelley, Joseph T.
Belknap, Daniel F.
Barnhardt, Walter A.
Andrews, Brian D.
Maynard, Melissa Landon
TI More than a century of bathymetric observations and present-day shallow
sediment characterization in Belfast Bay, Maine, USA: implications for
pockmark field longevity
SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UPPER MONTEREY CANYON; SEA-FLOOR POCKMARKS;
SCOTIAN SHELF; NORTHWESTERN GULF; MULTIBEAM SONAR; RIVER ESTUARY;
WESTERN GULF; LEVEL CHANGE; GAS
AB Mechanisms and timescales responsible for pockmark formation and maintenance remain uncertain, especially in areas lacking extensive thermogenic fluid deposits (e.g., previously glaciated estuaries). This study characterizes seafloor activity in the Belfast Bay, Maine nearshore pockmark field using (1) three swath bathymetry datasets collected between 1999 and 2008, complemented by analyses of shallow box-core samples for radionuclide activity and undrained shear strength, and (2) historical bathymetric data (report and smooth sheets from 1872, 1947, 1948). In addition, because repeat swath bathymetry surveys are an emerging data source, we present a selected literature review of recent studies using such datasets for seafloor change analysis. This study is the first to apply the method to a pockmark field, and characterizes macro-scale (> 5 m) evolution of tens of square kilometers of highly irregular seafloor. Presence/absence analysis yielded no change in pockmark frequency or distribution over a 9-year period (1999-2008). In that time pockmarks did not detectably enlarge, truncate, elongate, or combine. Historical data indicate that pockmark chains already existed in the 19th century. Despite the lack of macroscopic changes in the field, near-bed undrained shear-strength values of less than 7 kPa and scattered downcore (137)Cs signatures indicate a highly disturbed setting. Integrating these findings with independent geophysical and geochemical observations made in the pockmark field, it can be concluded that (1) large-scale sediment resuspension and dispersion related to pockmark formation and failure do not occur frequently within this field, and (2) pockmarks can persevere in a dynamic estuarine setting that exhibits minimal modern fluid venting. Although pockmarks are conventionally thought to be long-lived features maintained by a combination of fluid venting and minimal sediment accumulation, this suggests that other mechanisms may be equally active in maintaining such irregular seafloor morphology. One such mechanism could be upwelling within pockmarks induced by near-bed currents.
C1 [Brothers, Laura L.; Barnhardt, Walter A.; Andrews, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Kelley, Joseph T.; Belknap, Daniel F.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Bryand Global Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
[Maynard, Melissa Landon] Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
RP Brothers, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM lbrothers@usgs.gov
OI Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400
FU Maine Economic Improvement Fund
FX Graduate support for Brothers came from a Maine Economic Improvement
Fund Dissertation Fellowship. Thomas Hess, and the University of Maine
Honors College provided gamma counts. We thank Don J. Degroot for use of
facilities at the University of Massachusetts Geotechnical Laboratory.
This work would not have been possible without the technical and
analytical skills of Emile Bergeron, Bill Danforth, Barry Irwin, and
Chuck Worley. We are grateful to Captain Randy Flood and the crew of the
R/V Argo, Robin Arnold, Adriane Boscardin, Doug Cahl, Bob Johnson,
Randall Perry, and Ashley Stinson for field and lab assistance. Reidulv
Boe, Bill Schwab, Daniel Brothers, and editors Burg Flemming and Monique
Delafontaine generously provided helpful reviews of earlier drafts of
this manuscript. Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purposes
and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 66
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 18
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0276-0460
J9 GEO-MAR LETT
JI Geo-Mar. Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 4
BP 237
EP 248
DI 10.1007/s00367-011-0228-0
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 793MZ
UT WOS:000292828800003
ER
PT J
AU Jarboe, NA
Coe, RS
Glen, JMG
AF Jarboe, Nicholas A.
Coe, Robert S.
Glen, Jonathan M. G.
TI Evidence from lava flows for complex polarity transitions: the new
composite Steens Mountain reversal record
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Palaeomagnetism applied to tectonics; North America; Reversals: process,
time, scale, magnetostratigraphy
ID SIMULATED GEOMAGNETIC REVERSALS; PALEOMAGNETIC DIRECTIONS; MANTLE
DYNAMICS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CANARY-ISLANDS; EASTERN OREGON; FLOOD BASALTS;
FIELD; MODELS; PATHS
AB Geomagnetic polarity transitions may be significantly more complex than are currently depicted in many sedimentary and lava-flow records. By splicing together paleomagnetic results from earlier studies at Steens Mountain with those from three newly studied sections of Oregon Plateau flood basalts at Catlow Peak and Poker Jim Ridge 70-90 km to the southeast and west, respectively, we provide support for this interpretation with the most detailed account of a magnetic field reversal yet observed in volcanic rocks. Forty-five new distinguishable transitional (T) directions together with 30 earlier ones reveal a much more complex and detailed record of the 16.7 Ma reversed (R)-to-normal (N) polarity transition that marks the end of Chron C5Cr. Compared to the earlier R-T-N-T-N reversal record, the new record can be described as R-T-N-T-N-T-R-T-N. The composite record confirms earlier features, adds new west and up directions and an entire large N-T-R-T segment to the path, and fills in directions on the path between earlier directional jumps. Persistent virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) clusters and separate VGPs have a preference for previously described longitudinal bands from transition study compilations, which suggests the presence of features at the core-mantle boundary that influence the flow of core fluid and distribution of magnetic flux. Overall the record is consistent with the generalization that VGP paths vary greatly from reversal to reversal and depend on the location of the observer. Rates of secular variation confirm that the flows comprising these sections were erupted rapidly, with maximum rates estimated to be 85-120 m ka(-1) at Catlow and 130-195 m ka(-1) at Poker Jim South. Paleomagnetic poles from other studies are combined with 32 non-transitional poles found here to give a clockwise rotation of the Oregon Plateau of 11.4 degrees +/- 5.6 degrees with respect to the younger Columbia River Basalt Group flows to the north and 14.5 degrees +/- 4.6 degrees with respect to cratonic North America (95 per cent confidence interval).
C1 [Jarboe, Nicholas A.; Coe, Robert S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Glen, Jonathan M. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Jarboe, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM njarboe@gmail.com
OI Jarboe, Nicholas/0000-0003-1465-9394
FU NSF [EAR-0310316, EAR-0711418]
FX We thank Eli Morris and Walter Schillinger for paleomagnetic
instrumentation and software support at UCSC. For highly competent field
work assistance, we thank Mike Dueck, Bijan Hatami, Peter Lippert and
Ariel Mendoza-Penate. A review of this paper and helpful comments were
given by Pierre Camps, Andrew Roberts and James Gill. Discussions with
Chris Pluhar on software, hardware and analytical procedures were
helpful. This work was funded by NSF grants EAR-0310316 and EAR-0711418
to RSC and JMG and minigrants from the UCSC Committee on Research and
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics.
NR 66
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0956-540X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 186
IS 2
BP 580
EP 602
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05086.x
PG 23
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 792KG
UT WOS:000292742700014
ER
PT J
AU Sepulveda, AJ
Lowe, WH
AF Sepulveda, Adam J.
Lowe, Winsor H.
TI Coexistence in streams: do source-sink dynamics allow salamanders to
persist with fish predators?
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Dicamptodon aterrimus; Genetics; Capture-mark-recapture; Salamander;
Stable isotope
ID SIZE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; IDAHO GIANT SALAMANDER;
DICAMPTODON-TENEBROSUS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SPECIES
INTERACTIONS; BREEDING SALAMANDER; MARKED ANIMALS; DISPERSAL; TROUT
AB Theory suggests that source-sink dynamics can allow coexistence of intraguild predators and prey, but empirical evidence for this coexistence mechanism is limited. We used capture-mark-recapture, genetic methods, and stable isotopes to test whether source-sink dynamics promote coexistence between stream fishes, the intraguild predator, and stream salamanders (Dicamptodon aterrimus), the intraguild prey. Salamander populations from upstream reaches without fish were predicted to maintain or supplement sink populations in downstream reaches with fish. We found instead that downstream reaches with fish were not sinks even though fish consumed salamander larvae-apparent survival, recruitment, and population growth rate did not differ between upstream and downstream reaches. There was also no difference between upstream and downstream reaches in net emigration. We did find that D. aterrimus moved frequently along streams, but believe that this is a response to seasonal habitat changes rather than intraguild predation. Our study provides empirical evidence that local-scale mechanisms are more important than dispersal dynamics to coexistence of streams salamanders and fish. More broadly, it shows the value of empirical data on dispersal and gene flow for distinguishing between local and spatial mechanisms of coexistence.
C1 [Sepulveda, Adam J.; Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
EM asepulveda@usgs.gov; winsor.lowe@umontana.edu
FU Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology; Charlotte Martin
Foundation; Pacific Rivers Council; USGS Montana River Center;
University of Montana
FX This research was funded by grants from the Society for Northwestern
Vertebrate Biology, Charlotte Martin Foundation, the Pacific Rivers
Council, USGS Montana River Center, and the University of Montana. We
thank Peter Marra of the Smithsonian OUSS/MCI Stable Isotope Mass
Spectrometry Facility for assistance with sample analysis. We thank Jeff
Bates and Joe Hanlon for assisting with fieldwork. This study and
manuscript benefited from the comments of Jason Dunham, Evan Grant,
Blake Hossack, Scott McArt, Scott Mills, Mike Schwartz, Art Woods, and
Mike Young. We thank Shannon McCarthy and Jenny Tollefson for their
support.
NR 70
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 33
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 166
IS 4
BP 1043
EP 1054
DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1935-y
PG 12
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 793KG
UT WOS:000292819800017
PM 21347800
ER
PT J
AU Evangelista, PH
Kumar, S
Stohlgren, TJ
Young, NE
AF Evangelista, Paul H.
Kumar, Sunil
Stohlgren, Thomas J.
Young, Nicholas E.
TI Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine
beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West
of the US
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioclim; Climate change; Maxent; Niche models; Bark beetles; Rocky
mountains
ID BARK BEETLE; PONDEROSA PINE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTHERN ARIZONA;
PRESCRIBED FIRE; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; ENVELOPE MODELS; RANGE EXPANSION;
OUTBREAKS; DYNAMICS
AB The aim of our study was to estimate forest vulnerability and potential distribution of three bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under current and projected climate conditions for 2020 and 2050. Our study focused on the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis), and pine engraver (Ips pini). This study was conducted across eight states in the Interior West of the US covering approximately 2.2 million km(2) and encompassing about 95% of the Rocky Mountains in the contiguous US. Our analyses relied on aerial surveys of bark beetle outbreaks that occurred between 1991 and 2008. Occurrence points for each species were generated within polygons created from the aerial surveys. Current and projected climate scenarios were acquired from the WorldClim database and represented by 19 bioclimatic variables. We used Maxent modeling technique fit with occurrence points and current climate data to model potential beetle distributions and forest vulnerability. Three available climate models, each having two emission scenarios, were modeled independently and results averaged to produce two predictions for 2020 and two predictions for 2050 for each analysis. Environmental parameters defined by current climate models were then used to predict conditions under future climate scenarios, and changes in different species' ranges were calculated. Our results suggested that the potential distribution for bark beetles under current climate conditions is extensive, which coincides with infestation trends observed in the last decade. Our results predicted that suitable habitats for the mountain pine beetle and pine engraver beetle will stabilize or decrease under future climate conditions, while habitat for the western pine beetle will continue to increase over time. The greatest increase in habitat area was for the western pine beetle, where one climate model predicted a 27% increase by 2050. In contrast, the predicted habitat of the mountain pine beetle from another climate model suggested a decrease in habitat areas as great as 46% by 2050. Generally, 2020 and 2050 models that tested the three climate scenarios independently had similar trends, though one climate scenario for the western pine beetle produced contrasting results. Ranges for all three species of bark beetles shifted considerably geographically suggesting that some host species may become more vulnerable to beetle attack in the future, while others may have a reduced risk over time. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Evangelista, Paul H.; Kumar, Sunil; Young, Nicholas E.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Evangelista, PH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, A204 NESB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM paulevan@nrel.colostate.edu
RI Evangelista, Paul/F-4801-2011; Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009; Evangelista,
Paul/D-2315-2016
FU USDA Forest Service
FX This work was partially supported by funding from the USDA Forest
Service. We would like to thank Gregg DiNitto, Tony Cheng, Amy Randell,
and Jim Graham for comments and consultation. We also thank the Natural
Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University and the US
Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center for additional expertise
and use of facilities. Finally, we thank the data contributors to the
websites where we obtained bark beetle data and climate projections. To
all we are grateful. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
government.
NR 67
TC 42
Z9 46
U1 5
U2 59
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD AUG 1
PY 2011
VL 262
IS 3
BP 307
EP 316
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036
PG 10
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 788EP
UT WOS:000292428500001
ER
PT J
AU Becker, DA
Wood, PB
Keyser, PD
Wigley, TB
Dellinger, R
Weakland, CA
AF Becker, Douglas A.
Wood, Petra Bohall
Keyser, Patrick D.
Wigley, T. Bently
Dellinger, Rachel
Weakland, Cathy A.
TI Threshold responses of songbirds to long-term timber management on an
active industrial forest
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Timber management; Thresholds; Songbirds; Relative abundance trends
ID BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; AVIAN NESTING SUCCESS; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE;
HARDWOOD FOREST; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; SPECIES
RICHNESS; GROUP-SELECTION; CREATED GAPS; CONSERVATION
AB Forest managers often seek to balance economic benefits from timber harvesting with maintenance of habitat for wildlife, ecosystem function, and human uses. Most research on the relationship between avian abundance and active timber management has been short-term, lasting one to two years, creating the need to investigate long-term avian responses and to identify harvest thresholds when a small change in habitat results in a disproportionate response in relative abundance and nest success. Our objectives were to identify trends in relative abundance and nest success and to identify landscape-scale disturbance thresholds for avian species and habitat guilds in response to a variety of harvest treatments (clear-cuts, heavy and light partial harvests) over 14 years. We conducted point counts and monitored nests at an industrial forest in the central Appalachians of West Virginia during 1996-1998, 2001-2003, and 2007-2009. Early successional species increased in relative abundance across all three time periods, whereas interior-edge and forest-interior guilds peaked in relative abundance mid-study after which the forest-interior guild declined. Of 41 species with >10 detections, four (10%) declined significantly, 13 (32%) increased significantly (only three species among all periods), and 9 (22%) peaked in abundance mid-study (over the entire study period, four species had no significant change in abundance, four declined, and one increased). Based on piecewise linear models, forest-interior and interior-edge guilds' relative abundance harvest thresholds were 28% total harvests (all harvests combined), 10% clear-cut harvests, and 18% light partial harvests, after which abundances declined. Harvest thresholds for the early successional guild were 42% total harvests, 11% clear-cut harvest, and 10% light partial harvests, and relative abundances increased after surpassing thresholds albeit at a reduced rate of increase after the clear-cut threshold. Threshold confidence intervals for individual species overlapped their guild threshold intervals 91% of the time. Even though relative abundance of most species (80%) did not decline as the area affected by timber management increased, implementing management at or below our approximate forest-interior and interior-edge harvest thresholds would reduce the number of declining species by half, maintain higher relative abundances of four species with a net decline in abundance but that peaked in abundance mid-study, and maintain higher relative abundances of ten additional species. In contrast, this management strategy also would prevent the increase in relative abundance of seven species and limit the increase in abundance of three species that increased throughout the study. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Becker, Douglas A.] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Keyser, Patrick D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Wigley, T. Bently] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Dellinger, Rachel] Lake Sumter Community Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Leesburg, FL 34788 USA.
[Weakland, Cathy A.] Bethel Coll, Dept Life Sci, Mishawaka, IN 46545 USA.
RP Becker, DA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
EM dbecker1@mix.wvu.edu; pbwood@wvu.edu; pdkeyser@mail.ag.utk.edu;
wigley@clemson.edu; DellingR@lscc.edu; weaklak@bethelcollege.edu
RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012
FU National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; Westvaco Corporation;
Mead Westvaco Corporation
FX We thank the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Westvaco
Corporation, and Mead Westvaco Corporation for funding our research.
Westvaco, Mead Westvaco, and Penn Virginia provided housing for
researchers and access to the property. We thank the many field
technicians who helped collect and enter data. J.T. Anderson, M.P.
Strager, M.B. Shumar, and W.M. Ford provided helpful comments on this
paper. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the Federal
government.
NR 72
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U1 0
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
EI 1872-7042
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD AUG 1
PY 2011
VL 262
IS 3
BP 449
EP 460
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.011
PG 12
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 788EP
UT WOS:000292428500018
ER
PT J
AU McDermott, ME
Wood, PB
AF McDermott, Molly E.
Wood, Petra Bohall
TI Post-breeding bird responses to canopy tree retention, stand size, and
edge in regenerating Appalachian hardwood stands
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Clearcut; Early-successional; Edge; Mature forest birds; Post-breeding;
Residual trees
ID SHRUBLAND BIRDS; SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS; FORESTED LANDSCAPE;
AREA-SENSITIVITY; TIMBER HARVESTS; NEST SUCCESS; CLEARCUTS; SONGBIRDS;
ASSEMBLAGES; FRAGMENTS
AB Avian use of even-aged timber harvests is likely affected by stand attributes such as size, amount of edge, and retained basal area, all characteristics that can easily be manipulated in timber harvesting plans. However, few studies have examined their effects during the post-breeding period. We studied the impacts of clearcut, low-leave two-age, and high-leave two-age harvesting on post-breeding birds using transect sampling and mist-netting in north-central West Virginia. In our approach, we studied the effects of these harvest types as well as stand size and edge on species characteristic of both early-successional and mature forest habitats. In 2005-2006, 13 stands ranging from 4 to 10 years post-harvest and 4-21 ha in size were sampled from late June through mid-August. Capture rates and relative abundance were similar among treatments for generalist birds. Early-successional birds had the lowest capture rates and fewer species (similar to 30% lower), and late-successional birds reached their highest abundance and species totals (double the other treatments) in high-leave two-age stands. Area sensitivity was evident for all breeding habitat groups. Both generalist and late-successional bird captures were negatively related to stand size, but these groups showed no clear edge effects. Mean relative abundance decreased to nearly zero for the latter group in the largest stands. In contrast, early-successional species tended to use stand interiors more often and responded positively to stand size. Capture rates for this group tripled as stand size increased from 4 to 21 ha. Few birds in the forest periphery responded to harvest edge types despite within-stand edge effects evident for several species. To create suitable habitat for early-successional birds, large, non-linear openings with a low retained basal area are ideal, while smaller harvests and increased residual tree retention would provide habitat for more late-successional birds post-breeding. Although our study has identified habitat use patterns for different species in timber harvests, understanding habitat-specific bird survival is needed to help determine the quality of silvicultural harvests for post-breeding birds. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [McDermott, Molly E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP McDermott, ME (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM mollyemcdermott@gmail.com; pbwood@wvu.edu
RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012
FU USDA Forest Service, Monongahela National Forest
FX This work was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Monongahela National
Forest. The US Geological Survey West Virginia Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit provided field vehicles, equipment access, and
logistical support. West Virginia University, the USDA Forest Service,
and P. Keyser also provided logistical support. We thank MeadWestvaco
for allowing access to the Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest and
USDA Forest Service for access to sites on the Monongahela National
Forest. We are grateful to R. Gauza, K. Heyden, D. Hinnebusch, L.
Koerner, P. McElhone, J. Rehar, E. Stolarski, M. Shumar, J. Walker, and
T. Weidman for help in the field. Thanks to J. Herron for allowing us to
work under his banding permit. J. Anderson, C. Johnson, P. McElhone, and
two anonymous reviewers provided comments on an earlier version of this
manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply
endorsement by the US Government.
NR 49
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U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
EI 1872-7042
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD AUG 1
PY 2011
VL 262
IS 3
BP 547
EP 554
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.024
PG 8
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 788EP
UT WOS:000292428500027
ER
PT J
AU Dolph, CL
Huff, DD
Chizinski, CJ
Vondracek, B
AF Dolph, Christine L.
Huff, David D.
Chizinski, Christopher J.
Vondracek, Bruce
TI Implications of community concordance for assessing stream integrity at
three nested spatial scales in Minnesota, USA
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE canonical correspondence analysis; fish; macroinvertebrates; procrustes;
RIVPACS
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CROSS-TAXON CONGRUENCE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY;
RIVER HEALTH; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; BENTHIC
MACROINVERTEBRATES; ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS; BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS;
ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS
AB 1. Fish and invertebrate assemblage data collected from 670 stream sites in Minnesota (U.S.A.) were used to calculate concordance across three nested spatial scales (statewide, ecoregion and catchment). Predictive taxa richness models, calibrated using the same data, were used to evaluate whether concordant communities exhibited similar trends in human-induced taxa loss across all three scales. Finally, we evaluated the strength of the relationship between selected environmental variables and the composition of both assemblages at all three spatial scales.
2. Significant concordance between fish and invertebrate communities occurred at the statewide scale as well as in six of seven ecoregions and 17 of the 21 major catchments. However, concordance was not consistently indicative of significant relationships between rates of fish and invertebrate taxa loss at those same scales.
3. Fish and invertebrate communities were largely associated with different environmental variables, although the composition of both communities was strongly correlated with stream size across all three scales.
4. Predictive taxa-loss models for fish assemblages were less sensitive and precise than models for invertebrate assemblages, likely because of the relatively low number of common fish taxa in our data set. Both models, however, distinguished reference from non-reference sites.
5. The importance of concordance, geographic context and scale are discussed in relation to the design and interpretation of stream integrity indicators. In particular, our findings suggest that community concordance should not be viewed as a substitute for an evaluation of how assemblages respond to environmental stressors.
C1 [Dolph, Christine L.; Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Huff, David D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Chizinski, Christopher J.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA.
[Dolph, Christine L.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Dolph, CL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM dolph008@umn.edu
RI Huff, David/A-8166-2008; Chizinski, Christopher/G-6306-2011;
OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685; Chizinski,
Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588
FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; University of Minnesota
Graduate School; University of Minnesota
FX We would like to thank Dr. Jani Heino and Dr. Daren Carlisle, as well as
two anonymous reviewers, for providing us with helpful suggestions that
improved the quality of this manuscript. We thank David Wright from the
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for providing funding for this
project and Scott Niemela and Joel Chirhart from the Minnesota Pollution
Control Agency for providing biomonitoring data. This research was
funded by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, a University of
Minnesota Graduate School Fellowship, and a block grant from the
University of Minnesota Water Resources Science Program. The use of
trade, product, industry or firm names or products or software or
models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative
purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S.
Government or the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 82
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U1 0
U2 30
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0046-5070
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 8
BP 1652
EP 1669
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02589.x
PG 18
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 788LP
UT WOS:000292446700016
ER
PT J
AU Bowker, MA
Mau, RL
Maestre, FT
Escolar, C
Castillo-Monroy, AP
AF Bowker, Matthew A.
Mau, Rebecca L.
Maestre, Fernando T.
Escolar, Cristina
Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P.
TI Functional profiles reveal unique ecological roles of various biological
soil crust organisms
SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE arid and semi-arid; bryophytes; ecosystem function; enzyme activities;
lichens; trait diversity
ID BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLAND; PLANT-COMMUNITIES;
COLORADO PLATEAU; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS;
NITROGEN; LICHENS
AB 1. At the heart of the body of research on biodiversity effects on ecosystem function is the debate over whether different species tend to be functionally singular or redundant. When we consider ecosystem multi-function, the provision of multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously, we may find that seemingly redundant species may in fact play unique roles in ecosystems.
2. Over the last few decades, the significance of biological soil crusts (BSCs) as ecological boundaries and ecosystem engineers, and their multi-functional nature, has become increasingly well documented. We compiled 'functional profiles' of the organisms in this understudied community, to determine whether functional singularity emerges when multiple ecosystem functions are considered.
3. In two data sets, one representing multiple sites around the semi-arid regions of Spain (regional scale), and another from a single site in central Spain (local scale), we examined correlations between the abundance or frequency of BSC species in a community, and multiple surrogates of ecosystem functioning. There was a wide array of apparent effects of species on specific functions.
4. Notably, in gypsiferous soils and at regional scale, we found that indicators of carbon (C) and phosphorus cycling were apparently suppressed and promoted by the lichens Diploschistes diacapsis and Squamarina lentigera, respectively. The moss Pleurochaete squarrosa appears to promote C cycling in calcareous soils at this spatial scale. At the local scale in gypsiferous soils, D. diacapsis positively correlated with carbon cycling, but negatively with nitrogen cycling, whereas numerous lichens exhibited the opposite profile.
5. We found a high degree of functional singularity, i.e. that species were highly individualistic in their effects on multiple functions. Many functional attributes were not easily predictable from existing functional grouping systems based primarily on morphology.
6. Our results suggest that maintaining species-rich BSC communities is crucial to maintain the overall functionality of ecosystems dominated by these organisms, and that dominance and the outcome of competition could be highly influential in the determination of such functionality.
C1 [Bowker, Matthew A.; Mau, Rebecca L.; Maestre, Fernando T.; Escolar, Cristina; Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Dept Biol & Geol, E-28933 Mostoles, Spain.
RP Bowker, MA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, US Geol Survey, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM matthew.bowker@nau.edu
RI Maestre, Fernando/A-6825-2008
OI Maestre, Fernando/0000-0002-7434-4856
FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)
[CGL2008-00986-E/BOS]; European Social Fund; British Ecological Society
[SEPG 2330/2883]; European Research Council under the European Community
[242658]; Fundacion BBVA [BIOCON06/105]
FX We thank Ma Dolores Puche and Patricia Alonso Valiente for
their help with the laboratory work. MAB was supported by a Juan de la
Cierva contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
(MICINN), co-funded by the European Social Fund, and by the British
Ecological Society (SEPG 2330/2883). FTM is supported by the European
Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework
Programme (FP7/20072013)/ERC Grant agreement no. 242658 (BIOCOM). APC
was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Fundacion BBVA (grant
BIOCON06/105). This research has been funded by MICINN (grant
CGL2008-00986-E/BOS) and the Fundacion BBVA(grant BIOCON06/105).
NR 56
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0269-8463
J9 FUNCT ECOL
JI Funct. Ecol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 4
BP 787
EP 795
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01835.x
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 786TE
UT WOS:000292330000007
ER
PT J
AU Roach, J
Griffith, B
Verbyla, D
Jones, J
AF Roach, Jennifer
Griffith, Brad
Verbyla, Dave
Jones, Jeremy
TI Mechanisms influencing changes in lake area in Alaskan boreal forest
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; boreal forest; carbon; climate change; drying; lakes; peat;
permafrost; terrestrialization; wetlands
ID CARBON BALANCE; POSTGLACIAL DEVELOPMENT; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; PLANT
CELLULOSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER; BOG; THAW; THERMOKARST
AB During the past similar to 50 years, the number and area of lakes have declined in several regions in boreal forests. However, there has been substantial finer-scale heterogeneity; some lakes decreased in area, some showed no trend, and others increased. The objective of this study was to identify the primary mechanisms underlying heterogeneous trends in closed-basin lake area. Eight lake characteristics (delta O-18, electrical conductivity, surface : volume index, bank slope, floating mat width, peat depth, thaw depth at shoreline, and thaw depth at the forest boundary) were compared for 15 lake pairs in Alaskan boreal forest where one lake had decreased in area since similar to 1950, and the other had not. Mean differences in characteristics between paired lakes were used to identify the most likely of nine mechanistic scenarios that combined three potential mechanisms for decreasing lake area (talik drainage, surface water evaporation, and terrestrialization) with three potential mechanisms for nondecreasing lake area (subpermafrost groundwater recharge through an open talik, stable permafrost, and thermokarst). A priori expectations of the direction of mean differences between decreasing and nondecreasing paired lakes were generated for each scenario. Decreasing lakes had significantly greater electrical conductivity, greater surface : volume indices, shallower bank slopes, wider floating mats, greater peat depths, and shallower thaw depths at the forest boundary. These results indicated that the most likely scenario was terrestrialization as the mechanism for lake area reduction combined with thermokarst as the mechanism for nondecreasing lake area. Terrestrialization and thermokarst may have been enhanced by recent warming which has both accelerated permafrost thawing and lengthened the growing season, thereby increasing plant growth, floatingmat encroachment, transpiration rates, and the accumulation of organic matter in lake basins. The transition to peatlands associated with terrestrialization may provide a transient increase in carbon storage enhancing the role of northern ecosystems as major stores of global carbon.
C1 [Roach, Jennifer; Jones, Jeremy] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Griffith, Brad] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Verbyla, Dave] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Roach, J (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM jroach11@alaska.edu
FU FWS; US Geological Survey Climate Effects Network; University of Alaska
Fairbanks (UAF)
FX We thank Robert Warren and Kevin Wyatt for help with field work and
Bruce Finney for assistance with isotope analyses. US Fish and Wildlife
Service (FWS) staff at Yukon Flats, Tetlin, and Koyukuk/Nowitna National
Wildlife Refuges helped with logistics and float plane access to field
sites. Funding was provided by FWS, US Geological Survey Climate Effects
Network, the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Special President's
Fund, and a UAF Graduate School Thesis Completion Fellowship. We thank
Eric J. Taylor, Jennifer Harden, A. Dave McGuire, and Joshua Rose for
their assistance and reviews of earlier drafts. Any use of trade names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
US Government.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1354-1013
EI 1365-2486
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 17
IS 8
BP 2567
EP 2583
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02446.x
PG 17
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 786KX
UT WOS:000292308300006
ER
PT J
AU Servanty, S
Gaillard, JM
Ronchi, F
Focardi, S
Baubet, E
Gimenez, O
AF Servanty, Sabrina
Gaillard, Jean-Michel
Ronchi, Francesca
Focardi, Stefano
Baubet, Eric
Gimenez, Olivier
TI Influence of harvesting pressure on demographic tactics: implications
for wildlife management
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE comparative analysis; demography; hunting; life history; life table
response experiment; prospective analysis; retrospective analysis; Sus
scrofa; ungulate; wild boar
ID BOAR SUS-SCROFA; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TEMPORAL
VARIATION; STATISTICAL-MODELS; BIGHORN SHEEP; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS;
GROWTH; SEX
AB 1. Demographic tactics within animal populations are shaped by selective pressures. Exploitation exerts additional pressures so that differing demographic tactics might be expected among populations with differences in levels of exploitation. Yet little has been done so far to assess the possible consequences of exploitation on the demographic tactics of mammals, even though such information could influence the choice of effective management strategies.
2. Compared with similar-sized ungulate species, wild boar Sus scrofa has high reproductive capabilities, which complicates population management. Using a perturbation analysis, we investigated how population growth rates (lambda) and critical life-history stages differed between two wild boar populations monitored for several years, one of which was heavily harvested and the other lightly harvested.
3. Asymptotic lambda was 1 242 in the lightly hunted population and 1 115 in the heavily hunted population, while the ratio between the elasticity of adult survival and juvenile survival was 2 63 and 1 27, respectively. A comparative analysis including 21 other ungulate species showed that the elasticity ratio in the heavily hunted population was the lowest ever observed.
4. Compared with expected generation times of similar-sized ungulates (more than 6 years), wild boar has a fast life-history speed, especially when facing high hunting pressure. This is well illustrated by our results, where generation times were 3 6 years in the lightly hunted population and only 2 3 years in the heavily hunted population. High human-induced mortality combined with non-limiting food resources accounted for the accelerated life history of the hunted population because of earlier reproduction.
5. Synthesis and applications. For wild boar, we show that when a population is facing a high hunting pressure, increasing the mortality in only one age-class (e. g. adults or juveniles) may not allow managers to limit population growth. We suggest that simulations of management strategies based on context-specific demographic models are useful for selecting interventions for population control. This type of approach allows the assessment of population response to exploitation by considering a range of plausible scenarios, improving the chance of selecting appropriate management actions.
C1 [Servanty, Sabrina; Gimenez, Olivier] Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France.
[Servanty, Sabrina] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Servanty, Sabrina] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Gaillard, Jean-Michel] Univ Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.
[Gaillard, Jean-Michel] Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
[Gaillard, Jean-Michel] CNRS, UMR5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
[Ronchi, Francesca; Focardi, Stefano] Ist Super Protez & Ric Ambientale, I-40064 Ozzano Dellemilia, Italy.
[Baubet, Eric] CNERA Cervides Sangliers, Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-01330 Montfort, Birieux, France.
RP Servanty, S (reprint author), Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, Campus CNRS,1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France.
EM sab.servanty@free.fr
RI Gimenez, Olivier/G-4281-2010
FU French ANR [ANR-08-JCJC-0028-01]; ONCFS; ANR 'Rare'; Segretariato per la
Presidenza della Repubblica
FX Thanks to the Office National des Forets and to Francois Jehle, who
allowed the Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS)
to work in the study area. We thank all the people who helped at
Chateauvillain, especially Gilbert Corbeau and Pascal Van den Bulck.
Thanks to the Segretariato per la Presidenza della Repubblica for
allowing the study at Castelporziano for its financial support and the
data availability. We thank Carole Toigo and three anonymous referees
for valuable comments, Ellen Bean and Andy Wilson for correcting our
English. S. S. and O.G. were supported in part by a grant from the
French ANR (ANR-08-JCJC-0028-01). J.-M.G. was financed by the ONCFS and
by the ANR 'Rare'.
NR 60
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U1 3
U2 68
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8901
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 4
BP 835
EP 843
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02017.x
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 786TP
UT WOS:000292331100003
ER
PT J
AU Muths, E
Scherer, RD
Pilliod, DS
AF Muths, Erin
Scherer, Rick D.
Pilliod, David S.
TI Compensatory effects of recruitment and survival when amphibian
populations are perturbed by disease
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE amphibian decline; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; boreal toad; disease;
host-pathogen dynamics; reverse-time Pradel model; United States
ID VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES; CHYTRID FUNGUS; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS;
EMERGING DISEASE; BOREAL TOADS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; FROG POPULATION;
MARKED ANIMALS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; DYNAMICS
AB 1. The need to increase our understanding of factors that regulate animal population dynamics has been catalysed by recent, observed declines in wildlife populations worldwide. Reliable estimates of demographic parameters are critical for addressing basic and applied ecological questions and understanding the response of parameters to perturbations (e. g. disease, habitat loss, climate change). However, to fully assess the impact of perturbation on population dynamics, all parameters contributing to the response of the target population must be estimated.
2. We applied the reverse-time model of Pradel in Program mark to 6 years of capture-recapture data from two populations of Anaxyrus boreas (boreal toad) populations, one with disease and one without. We then assessed a priori hypotheses about differences in survival and recruitment relative to local environmental conditions and the presence of disease.
3. We further explored the relative contribution of survival probability and recruitment rate to population growth and investigated how shifts in these parameters can alter population dynamics when a population is perturbed.
4. High recruitment rates (0.41) are probably compensating for low survival probability (range 0.51-0.54) in the population challenged by an emerging pathogen, resulting in a relatively slow rate of decline. In contrast, the population with no evidence of disease had high survival probability (range 0.75-0.78) but lower recruitment rates (0.25).
5. Synthesis and applications. We suggest that the relationship between survival and recruitment may be compensatory, providing evidence that populations challenged with disease are not necessarily doomed to extinction. A better understanding of these interactions may help to explain, and be used to predict, population regulation and persistence for wildlife threatened with disease. Further, reliable estimates of population parameters such as recruitment and survival can guide the formulation and implementation of conservation actions such as repatriations or habitat management aimed to improve recruitment.
C1 [Muths, Erin; Scherer, Rick D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Scherer, Rick D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
RP Muths, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM erin_muths@usgs.gov
OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518
FU USGS-ARMI; Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW)
FX We thank the USGS-ARMI and the Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW) for
funding. Numerous technicians assisted and P. S. Corn and B. R. Hossack
contributed significantly to field work and discussions. This work was
conducted under scientific collecting permits from CDOW and the Wyoming
Game and Fish. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only
and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This is
contribution number 382 of the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring
Initiative (ARMI).
NR 47
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PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8901
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 4
BP 873
EP 879
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02005.x
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 786TP
UT WOS:000292331100007
ER
PT J
AU Green, AW
Bailey, LL
Nichols, JD
AF Green, Adam W.
Bailey, Larissa L.
Nichols, James D.
TI Exploring sensitivity of a multistate occupancy model to inform
management decisions
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE California spotted owl; Lithobates sylvatica; multistate model; patch
occupancy dynamics; second-order Markov; Strix occidentalis
occidentalis; wood frog
ID FROG RANA-SYLVATICA; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE;
PERTURBATION ANALYSIS; MULTIPLE STATES; HABITAT USE; WOOD FROGS;
DYNAMICS; COLONIZATION; POPULATIONS
AB 1. Dynamic occupancy models are often used to investigate questions regarding the processes that influence patch occupancy and are prominent in the fields of population and community ecology and conservation biology. Recently, multistate occupancy models have been developed to investigate dynamic systems involving more than one occupied state, including reproductive states, relative abundance states and joint habitat-occupancy states. Here we investigate the sensitivities of the equilibrium-state distribution of multistate occupancy models to changes in transition rates.
2. We develop equilibrium occupancy expressions and their associated sensitivity metrics for dynamic multistate occupancy models. To illustrate our approach, we use two examples that represent common multistate occupancy systems. The first example involves a three-state dynamic model involving occupied states with and without successful reproduction (California spotted owl Strix occidentalis occidentalis), and the second involves a novel way of using a multistate occupancy approach to accommodate second-order Markov processes (wood frog Lithobates sylvatica breeding and metamorphosis).
3. In many ways, multistate sensitivity metrics behave in similar ways as standard occupancy sensitivities. When equilibrium occupancy rates are low, sensitivity to parameters related to colonisation is high, while sensitivity to persistence parameters is greater when equilibrium occupancy rates are high. Sensitivities can also provide guidance for managers when estimates of transition probabilities are not available.
4. Synthesis and applications. Multistate models provide practitioners a flexible framework to define multiple, distinct occupied states and the ability to choose which state, or combination of states, is most relevant to questions and decisions about their own systems. In addition to standard multistate occupancy models, we provide an example of how a second-order Markov process can be modified to fit a multistate framework. Assuming the system is near equilibrium, our sensitivity analyses illustrate how to investigate the sensitivity of the system-specific equilibrium state(s) to changes in transition rates. Because management will typically act on these transition rates, sensitivity analyses can provide valuable information about the potential influence of different actions and when it may be prudent to shift the focus of management among the various transition rates.
C1 [Green, Adam W.; Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Green, AW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM awgreen@colostate.edu
RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009
FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative
(ARMI) [374]
FX We thank Julien Martin, the Wagar 113 Superpopulation and participants
of the structured decision-making workshop for their comments and
discussions. We thank David Miller for useful discussions that improved
the paper. U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring
Initiative (ARMI) provided funding for this project, and this represents
contribution number 374 for this programme. We also thank Evan Grant and
the field technicians who collected the occupancy data at Patuxent
Research Refuge.
NR 47
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U1 4
U2 44
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8901
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 4
BP 1007
EP 1016
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01995.x
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 786TP
UT WOS:000292331100022
ER
PT J
AU Chandler, RB
King, DI
AF Chandler, Richard B.
King, David I.
TI Habitat quality and habitat selection of golden-winged warblers in Costa
Rica: an application of hierarchical models for open populations
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE apparent survival; Dail-Madsen model; golden-winged warbler; habitat
quality; non-breeding season; population dynamics; recruitment;
Vermivora chrysoptera; winter ecology
ID CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; NONBREEDING-SEASON; BIRDS; AVAILABILITY;
SEGREGATION; LIMITATION; DIVERSITY; AMERICA; MIGRANT
AB 1. Identifying high-quality habitat is integral to effective species conservation efforts and requires information about habitat-specific abundance and demographics. This information is lacking for many species of conservation concern because of the inherent difficulties associated with implementing mark-recapture studies at large spatial scales.
2. The golden-winged warbler Vermivora chrysoptera is a Neotropical-Nearctic migratory bird experiencing a long-term population decline; yet no information about non-breeding season habitat quality or habitat selection exists to inform conservation efforts. We used a novel hierarchical model that requires only spatially and temporally replicated count data to estimate habitat-specific abundance, apparent survival, recruitment and detection probability of golden-winged warblers wintering in Costa Rica. We quantified habitat selection at the home-range level using radiotelemetry.
3. Golden-winged warblers were absent from tropical dry forest and were most abundant in pre-montane evergreen forest. Within their home ranges, golden-winged warblers selected microhabitat features associated with intermediate disturbance that reflected their preference for foraging in hanging dead leaves.
4. Consistent with other evidence of a declining population, local population size decreased over the duration of the study. The rate of decrease was higher during the non-breeding season than among seasons. We found no differences in apparent survival or recruitment among habitat types; however, our estimates of these parameters were imprecise.
5. Synthesis and applications. Golden-winged warblers are forest-dependent species during the non-breeding season and have specialized microhabitat requirements that make them vulnerable to ongoing tropical deforestation. However, advanced secondary forests can provide the requisite microhabitat features, and because we found no evidence of reduced survival in this habitat type, regenerating forest on degraded lands may be an effective component of a conservation strategy for this species. Our study also demonstrates that information on population dynamics and habitat quality can be obtained using repeated counts instead of mark-recapture methods.
C1 [Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Chandler, RB (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM rchandler@usgs.gov
RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016
FU US Forest Service
FX We thank the members of the Cooperativa Montes de Oro as well as Victor
Julio Arce Chavez, Arley Morales, Raul Raudales and Richard Trubey of
the Mesoamerican Development Institute for their assistance with site
selection, accommodation and travel. Many farmers in the study area
graciously permitted us to work on their property. The Trejos, Gonzalez,
Marin, Zunega, Fonseca and Salas families were especially generous.
Carly Chandler was instrumental in the design and implementation of the
field research. Seth Beaudreault, Carlos Orlando Delgado, Marcos
Gonzalez, Johel Aguero, Jared Wolfe, Nicole Hazlet, Adam Anderson, Jeff
Wells and Jeff Ritterson were excellent field assistants. Curtice
Griffin, Peter Houlihan and John Rappole provided helpful guidance
during the preparation of the manuscript. Javier Guevara of the Costa
RicanMinistry of Environment and Energy provided us with necessary
permits. Funding came from a Migratory Bird Conservation Act grant and
from the US Forest Service's International Programs. Two anonymous
reviewers helped improve the manuscript.
NR 48
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U1 5
U2 56
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8901
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 4
BP 1038
EP 1047
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02001.x
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 786TP
UT WOS:000292331100025
ER
PT J
AU Karanth, KU
Gopalaswamy, AM
Kumar, NS
Vaidyanathan, S
Nichols, JD
MacKenzie, DI
AF Karanth, Kota Ullas
Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.
Kumar, Narayanarao Samba
Vaidyanathan, Srinivas
Nichols, James D.
MacKenzie, Darryl I.
TI Monitoring carnivore populations at the landscape scale: occupancy
modelling of tigers from sign surveys
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE conservation; density variation; detection probability; landscape
ecology; metapopulations; occupancy sampling; spatial models
ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; PANTHERA-TIGRIS; ABSENCE DATA; ABUNDANCE;
CONSERVATION; AREAS; INDIA; SNOW; PREY
AB 1. Assessing spatial distributions of threatened large carnivores at landscape scales poses formidable challenges because of their rarity and elusiveness. As a consequence of logistical constraints, investigators typically rely on sign surveys. Most survey methods, however, do not explicitly address the central problem of imperfect detections of animal signs in the field, leading to underestimates of true habitat occupancy and distribution.
2. We assessed habitat occupancy for a tiger Panthera tigris metapopulation across a c. 38 000-km(2) landscape in India, employing a spatially replicated survey to explicitly address imperfect detections. Ecological predictions about tiger presence were confronted with sign detection data generated from occupancy sampling of 205 sites, each of 188 km(2).
3. A recent occupancy model that considers Markovian dependency among sign detections on spatial replicates performed better than the standard occupancy model (Delta AIC = 184.9). A formulation of this model that fitted the data best showed that density of ungulate prey and levels of human disturbance were key determinants of local tiger presence. Model averaging resulted in a replicate-level detection probability (P) over cap (t)(S (E) over cap[(P) over cap (t)]) = 0.17 (0.17) for signs and a tiger habitat occupancy estimate of (psi) over cap (S (E) over cap[(psi) over cap]) = 0.665 (0.0857) or 14.076 (1814) km(2) of potential habitat of 21 167 km(2 boolean AND). In contrast, a traditional presence-versus-absence approach underestimated occupancy by 47%. Maps of probabilities of local site occupancy clearly identified tiger source populations at higher densities and matched observed tiger density variations, suggesting their potential utility for population assessments at landscape scales.
4. Synthesis and applications. Landscape-scale sign surveys can efficiently assess large carnivore spatial distributions and elucidate the factors governing their local presence, provided ecological and observation processes are both explicitly modelled. Occupancy sampling using spatial replicates can be used to reliably and efficiently identify tiger population sources and help monitor metapopulations. Our results reinforce earlier findings that prey depletion and human disturbance are key drivers of local tiger extinctions and tigers can persist even in human-dominated landscapes through effective protection of source populations. Our approach facilitates efficient targeting of tiger conservation interventions and, more generally, provides a basis for the reliable integration of large carnivore monitoring data between local and landscape scales.
C1 [Karanth, Kota Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
[Karanth, Kota Ullas; Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Kumar, Narayanarao Samba] Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru 560042, India.
[Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Kumar, Narayanarao Samba; Vaidyanathan, Srinivas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Bengaluru 560070, India.
[Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit WildCRU, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Abingdon OX13 5QL, Oxon, England.
[Vaidyanathan, Srinivas] Fdn Ecol Res Advocacy & Learning, Pondicherry 605012, India.
[Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[MacKenzie, Darryl I.] Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin, New Zealand.
RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Program, 2300 So Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
EM ukaranth@gmail.com
FU Wildlife Conservation Society, New York; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research
Center, Laurel, MD; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; US Fish and
Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
FX We are grateful to the Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, and USGS
Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD, for supporting our
research work. Additionally, we are indebted to the following donors for
funding support: Save the Tiger Fund of National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation, and Rhino & Tiger Conservation Fund of US Fish and Wildlife
Service, Washington, DC. In India, we acknowledge the facilitation of
the study by Karnataka State Forest Department, Centre for Wildlife
Studies, Bangalore, and National Tiger Conservation Authority, New
Delhi. We thank J. E. Hines, J. A. Royle, B. K. Williams, J.
Krishnaswamy, M. Delampady for useful discussions and D. Jathanna, P.
Singh and N. Patil for analytical support. We thank the numerous field
assistants and volunteers who enthusiastically participated in our field
surveys and acknowledge the superb leadership of D. V. Girish, B. Hegde,
N. Jain, K. Rayar, K. Nag, C. Krishna and A. Kadam in leading the field
surveys. We also thank three reviewers and the editors for comments that
greatly improved the manuscript.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8901
EI 1365-2664
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 4
BP 1048
EP 1056
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02002.x
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 786TP
UT WOS:000292331100026
ER
PT J
AU Sarafanov, AG
Todorov, TI
Centeno, JA
Macias, V
Gao, WH
Liang, WM
Beam, C
Gray, MA
Kajdacsy-Balla, AA
AF Sarafanov, Andrey G.
Todorov, Todor I.
Centeno, Jose A.
Macias, Virgilia
Gao, Weihua
Liang, Wei-Min
Beam, Craig
Gray, Marion A.
Kajdacsy-Balla, Andre A.
TI Prostate Cancer Outcome and Tissue Levels of Metal Ions
SO PROSTATE
LA English
DT Article
DE PSA recurrence; zinc; iron; selenium; cadmium
ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; MALIGNANT PROGRESSION; DOWN-REGULATION; IN-VIVO; ZINC;
CADMIUM; IRON; RISK; SELENIUM; CHEMOPREVENTION
AB BACKGROUND. There are several studies examining prostate cancer and exposure to cadmium, iron, selenium, and zinc. Less data are available on the possible influence of these metal ions on prostate cancer outcome. This study measured levels of these ions in prostatectomy samples in order to examine possible associations between metal concentrations and disease outcome.
METHODS. We obtained formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostatectomy samples of 40 patients with PSA recurrence, matched 1:1 (for year of surgery, race, age, Gleason grading, and pathology TNM classification) with tissue blocks from 40 patients without recurrence (n 80). Case-control pairs were compared for the levels of metals in areas adjacent to tumors. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for quantification of Cd, Fe, Zn, and Se.
RESULTS. Patients with biochemical (PSA) recurrence of disease had 12% lower median iron (95 mg/g vs. 111 mg/g; P 0.04) and 21% lower zinc (279 mg/g vs. 346 mg/g; P 0.04) concentrations in the normal-appearing tissue immediately adjacent to cancer areas. Differences incadmium (0.489 mg/g vs. 0.439 mg/g; 4% higher) and selenium (1.68 mg/g vs. 1.58 mg/g; 5% higher) levels were not statistically significant in recurrence cases, when compared to non-recurrences (P = 0.40 and 0.21, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS. There is an association between low zinc and low iron prostate tissue levels and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Whether these novel findings are a cause or effect of more aggressive tumors, or whether low zinc and iron prostatic levels raise implications for therapy, remains to be investigated. Prostate 71:1231-1238, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 [Macias, Virgilia; Kajdacsy-Balla, Andre A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60680 USA.
[Sarafanov, Andrey G.; Centeno, Jose A.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, DC 20306 USA.
[Todorov, Todor I.] US Geol Survey, CGGSC, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Gao, Weihua; Liang, Wei-Min; Beam, Craig] Univ Illinois, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Chicago, IL USA.
[Gray, Marion A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Trop Med & Rehabil Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
RP Kajdacsy-Balla, AA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60680 USA.
EM ABalla@uic.edu
FU US Department of Defense [PC051072, PC074307]; American Registry of
Pathology [1050-3056, 1050-3055]; American Institute of Cancer Research
[02A072]; National Cancer Institute CPCTR [086753]
FX Grant sponsor: US Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program
of the Office of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs;
Grant numbers: PC051072; PC074307; Grant sponsor: American Registry of
Pathology; Grant numbers: 1050-3056; 1050-3055; Grant sponsor: American
Institute of Cancer Research; Grant number: 02A072; Grant sponsor:
National Cancer Institute CPCTR; Grant number: 086753.
NR 47
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U1 0
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0270-4137
J9 PROSTATE
JI Prostate
PD AUG 1
PY 2011
VL 71
IS 11
BP 1231
EP 1238
DI 10.1002/pros.21339
PG 8
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology
GA 786UB
UT WOS:000292332300011
PM 21271612
ER
PT J
AU Chacon, L
Gomez, MC
Jenkins, JA
Leibo, SP
Wirtu, G
Dresser, BL
Pope, CE
AF Chacon, Liliana
Gomez, Martha C.
Jenkins, Jill A.
Leibo, Staley P.
Wirtu, Gemechu
Dresser, Betsy L.
Pope, C. Earle
TI Effect of cryopreservation and in vitro culture of bovine fibroblasts on
histone acetylation levels and in vitro development of hand-made cloned
embryos
SO ZYGOTE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bovine; Embryo; Fibroblasts; Histone acetylation; SCNT
ID CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER; DNA METHYLATION; DONOR CELLS; EPIGENETIC
CHARACTERISTICS; PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SOMATIC
NUCLEI; EGG CYTOPLASM; CLONING; FETAL
AB In this study, the relative acetylation levels of histone 3 in lysine 9 (H3K9ac) in cultured and cryopreserved bovine fibroblasts was measured and we determined the influence of the epigenetic status of three cultured (C1, C2 and C3) donor cell lines on the in vitro development of reconstructed bovine embryos. Results showed that cryopreservation did not alter the overall acetylation levels of H3K9 in bovine fibroblasts analysed immediately after thawing (frozen/thawed) compared with fibroblasts cultured for a period of time after thawing. However, reduced cleavage rates were noted in embryos reconstructed with fibroblasts used immediately after thawing. Cell passage affects the levels of H3K9ac in bovine fibroblasts, decreasing after P1 and donor cells with lower H3K9ac produced a greater frequency of embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Cryopreservation did not influence the total cell and ICM numbers, or the ICM/TPD ratios of reconstructed embryos. However, the genetic source of donor cells did influence the total number of cells and the trophectoderm cell numbers, and the cell passage influenced the total ICM cell numbers.
C1 [Chacon, Liliana; Gomez, Martha C.; Leibo, Staley P.; Wirtu, Gemechu; Dresser, Betsy L.; Pope, C. Earle] Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA USA.
[Chacon, Liliana] Colombian Natl Univ, Sch Vet Med, Bogota, Colombia.
[Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA.
[Leibo, Staley P.; Dresser, Betsy L.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
RP Gomez, MC (reprint author), Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, 14001 River Rd, New Orleans, LA USA.
EM mgomez@auduboninstitute.org
RI Chacon, Liliana/P-9257-2016
OI Chacon, Liliana/0000-0001-6030-9649
FU Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species (ACRES); USGS; LSU;
Colombian National University; Colciencias
FX This work was supported by Audubon Center for Research of Endangered
Species (ACRES), USGS and, partially by a grant from the ACRES and LSU
system collaborative projects. Colombian National University and
Colciencias financed a fellowship and part of the residency of Liliana
Chacon while she was conducting the research in New Orleans, Louisiana,
USA.
NR 64
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Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0967-1994
J9 ZYGOTE
JI Zygote
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 3
BP 255
EP 264
DI 10.1017/S0967199410000316
PG 10
WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology
SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology
GA 786CR
UT WOS:000292281400008
PM 20604985
ER
PT J
AU Ge, SM
McKenzie, J
Voss, C
Wu, QB
AF Ge, Shemin
McKenzie, Jeffrey
Voss, Clifford
Wu, Qingbai
TI Exchange of groundwater and surface-water mediated by permafrost
response to seasonal and long term air temperature variation
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; ACTIVE-LAYER; THERMAL STATE; TRANSPORT; FLOW;
SOIL
AB Permafrost dynamics impact hydrologic cycle processes by promoting or impeding groundwater and surface water exchange. Under seasonal and decadal air temperature variations, permafrost temperature changes control the exchanges between groundwater and surface water. A coupled heat transport and groundwater flow model, SUTRA, was modified to simulate groundwater flow and heat transport in the subsurface containing permafrost. The northern central Tibet Plateau was used as an example of model application. Modeling results show that in a yearly cycle, groundwater flow occurs in the active layer from May to October. Maximum groundwater discharge to the surface lags the maximum subsurface temperature by two months. Under an increasing air temperature scenario of 3 C per 100 years, over the initial 40-year period, the active layer thickness can increase by three-fold. Annual groundwater discharge to the surface can experience a similar three-fold increase in the same period. An implication of these modeling results is that with increased warming there will be more groundwater flow in the active layer and therefore increased groundwater discharge to rivers. However, this finding only holds if sufficient upgradient water is available to replenish the increased discharge. Otherwise, there will be an overall lowering of the water table in the recharge portion of the catchment. Citation: Ge, S., J. McKenzie, C. Voss, and Q. Wu (2011), Exchange of groundwater and surface-water mediated by permafrost response to seasonal and long term air temperature variation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L14402, doi:10.1029/2011GL047911.
C1 [Ge, Shemin] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[McKenzie, Jeffrey] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada.
[Voss, Clifford] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Wu, Qingbai] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Frozen Soil Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
RP Ge, SM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Campus Box 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM ges@colorado.edu
FU National Science Foundation [CMG 0934647]; State Key Science Research
Program for Global Change Research of China [2010CB951402]
FX The authors thank Ean Warren, Helen French, two anonymous reviewers, and
Editor Paolo D'Odorico for their valuable comments. SG acknowledges the
support from National Science Foundation grant CMG 0934647. QBW thanks
the State Key Science Research Program for Global Change Research of
China (grant 2010CB951402).
NR 26
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 37
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUL 30
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L14402
DI 10.1029/2011GL047911
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 800SK
UT WOS:000293386900003
ER
PT J
AU Qi, HP
Coplen, TB
Wassenaar, LI
AF Qi, Haiping
Coplen, Tyler B.
Wassenaar, Leonard I.
TI Improved online delta O-18 measurements of nitrogen- and sulfur-bearing
organic materials and a proposed analytical protocol
SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; HUMAN HAIR; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NONEXCHANGEABLE
HYDROGEN; GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN; RATIOS; MATTER; EQUILIBRATION;
SUBSTANCES; MIGRATION
AB It is well known that N-2 in the ion source of a mass spectrometer interferes with the CO background during the delta O-18 measurement of carbon monoxide. A similar problem arises with the high-temperature conversion (HTC) analysis of nitrogenous O-bearing samples (e. g. nitrates and keratins) to CO for delta O-18 measurement, where the sample introduces a significant N-2 peak before the CO peak, making determination of accurate oxygen isotope ratios difficult. Although using a gas chromatography (GC) column longer than that commonly provided by manufacturers (0.6 m) can improve the efficiency of separation of CO and N-2 and using a valve to divert nitrogen and prevent it from entering the ion source of a mass spectrometer improved measurement results, biased delta O-18 values could still be obtained. A careful evaluation of the performance of the GC separation column was carried out. With optimal GC columns, the delta O-18 reproducibility of human hair keratins and other keratin materials was better than +/- 0.15 parts per thousand (n = 5; for the internal analytical reproducibility), and better than +/- 0.10 parts per thousand (n = 4; for the external analytical reproducibility). Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Qi, Haiping] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Wassenaar, Leonard I.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
RP Qi, HP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM haipingq@usgs.gov
RI Wassenaar, Leonard/B-5996-2013;
OI Wassenaar, Leonard/0000-0001-5532-0771
FU U S. Geological Survey National Research Program and Environment Canada
FX We thank Robin Sutka (Elementar, Mount Laurel, NJ, USA) for measurements
on USGS42 and USGS43 using the Elementar CO trapping technique. This
manuscript has benefited from careful reviews by Helen Kreuzer (Pacific
Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA) and Geoff Koehler
(Environment Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada). The support of the U S.
Geological Survey National Research Program and Environment Canada made
this report possible. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this
publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 32
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Z9 22
U1 6
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0951-4198
J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP
JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
PD JUL 30
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 14
BP 2049
EP 2058
DI 10.1002/rcm.5088
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 789XD
UT WOS:000292551600016
PM 21698688
ER
PT J
AU Grosse, G
Harden, J
Turetsky, M
McGuire, AD
Camill, P
Tarnocai, C
Frolking, S
Schuur, EAG
Jorgenson, T
Marchenko, S
Romanovsky, V
Wickland, KP
French, N
Waldrop, M
Bourgeau-Chavez, L
Striegl, RG
AF Grosse, Guido
Harden, Jennifer
Turetsky, Merritt
McGuire, A. David
Camill, Philip
Tarnocai, Charles
Frolking, Steve
Schuur, Edward A. G.
Jorgenson, Torre
Marchenko, Sergei
Romanovsky, Vladimir
Wickland, Kimberly P.
French, Nancy
Waldrop, Mark
Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura
Striegl, Robert G.
TI Vulnerability of high-latitude soil organic carbon in North America to
disturbance
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ALASKA BOREAL FOREST; BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; PERMAFROST-AFFECTED SOILS;
INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; WEST-CENTRAL CANADA;
THAW LAKE BASINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; DISCONTINUOUS
PERMAFROST
AB This synthesis addresses the vulnerability of the North American high-latitude soil organic carbon (SOC) pool to climate change. Disturbances caused by climate warming in arctic, subarctic, and boreal environments can result in significant redistribution of C among major reservoirs with potential global impacts. We divide the current northern high-latitude SOC pools into (1) near-surface soils where SOC is affected by seasonal freeze-thaw processes and changes in moisture status, and (2) deeper permafrost and peatland strata down to several tens of meters depth where SOC is usually not affected by short-term changes. We address key factors (permafrost, vegetation, hydrology, paleoenvironmental history) and processes (C input, storage, decomposition, and output) responsible for the formation of the large high-latitude SOC pool in North America and highlight how climate-related disturbances could alter this pool's character and size. Press disturbances of relatively slow but persistent nature such as top-down thawing of permafrost, and changes in hydrology, microbiological communities, pedological processes, and vegetation types, as well as pulse disturbances of relatively rapid and local nature such as wildfires and thermokarst, could substantially impact SOC stocks. Ongoing climate warming in the North American high-latitude region could result in crossing environmental thresholds, thereby accelerating press disturbances and increasingly triggering pulse disturbances and eventually affecting the C source/sink net character of northern high-latitude soils. Finally, we assess postdisturbance feedbacks, models, and predictions for the northern high-latitude SOC pool, and discuss data and research gaps to be addressed by future research.
C1 [Grosse, Guido; Marchenko, Sergei; Romanovsky, Vladimir] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Harden, Jennifer; Waldrop, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
[McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Camill, Philip] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Earth & Oceanog Sci, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA.
[Camill, Philip] Bowdoin Coll, Environm Studies Program, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA.
[Tarnocai, Charles] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
[Frolking, Steve] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Schuur, Edward A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Jorgenson, Torre] Alaska EcoSci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.
[Wickland, Kimberly P.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[French, Nancy; Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Grosse, G (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM ggrosse@gi.alaska.edu; jharden@usgs.gov; mrt@uoguelph.ca;
admcguire@alaska.edu; pcamill@bowdoin.edu; tarnocaict@agr.gc.ca;
steve.frolking@unh.edu; tschuur@ufl.edu; ecoscience@alaska.net;
sergei.marchenko@gi.alaska.edu; veromanovsky@gi.alaska.edu;
kpwick@usgs.gov; nancy.french@mtu.edu; mwaldrop@usgs.gov;
laura.chavez@mtu.edu; rstriegl@usgs.gov
RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013;
OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; French, Nancy/0000-0002-2389-3003;
Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140; Wickland,
Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590
FU NASA [NNX08AJ37G, NNX09AQ36G, NNX08AK69G, NNX10AF41G, NNX09AM15G]; NSF
[ARC-0732735, ARC-0632400, ARC-0856864, 0747195, 0516326, 0620579,
DEB-0423442, EF-0553768]; NSERC; USGS; USDA Forest Service (Pacific
Northwest Research Station) [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; University of
California, Santa Barbara; state of California
FX This work was supported by the following grants and programs: NASA
NNX08AJ37G and NSF ARC-0732735 to G. G., NASA NNX09AQ36G and NASA IDS
program to S. F., NASA NNX08AK69G and NNX10AF41G to N.F., NSF
ARC-0632400 and ARC-0856864 to V. R., NASA NNX09AM15G to L. B. C. and M.
R. T., NSERC Strategic program to M. R. T., NSF 0747195, 0516326, and
0620579 to E. A. G. S., the USGS Global Change Programs, and by the
Bonanza Creek LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) Program, funded
jointly by NSF DEB-0423442 and the USDA Forest Service (Pacific
Northwest Research Station PNW01-JV11261952-231). The participation of
E. A. G. S. was conducted while a Sabbatical Fellow at the National
Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by NSF
(EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the state
of California. We thank the editors, two anonymous reviewers, as well as
USGS internal reviewers Kristofer Johnson and Frank Urban for their
valuable comments.
NR 189
TC 122
Z9 124
U1 19
U2 163
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-8953
EI 2169-8961
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.
PD JUL 28
PY 2011
VL 116
AR G00K06
DI 10.1029/2010JG001507
PG 23
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 800PQ
UT WOS:000293375800001
ER
PT J
AU Nettles, JW
Staid, M
Besse, S
Boardman, J
Clark, RN
Dhingra, D
Isaacson, P
Klima, R
Kramer, G
Pieters, CM
Taylor, LA
AF Nettles, J. W.
Staid, M.
Besse, S.
Boardman, J.
Clark, R. N.
Dhingra, D.
Isaacson, P.
Klima, R.
Kramer, G.
Pieters, C. M.
Taylor, L. A.
TI Optical maturity variation in lunar spectra as measured by Moon
Mineralogy Mapper data
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARE SOILS; IRON; ABUNDANCE; CRATERS
AB High spectral and spatial resolution data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M(3)) instrument on Chandrayaan-1 are used to investigate in detail changes in the optical properties of lunar materials accompanying space weathering. Three spectral parameters were developed and used to quantify spectral effects commonly thought to be associated with increasing optical maturity: an increase in spectral slope ("reddening"), a decrease in albedo ("darkening"), and loss of spectral contrast (decrease in absorption band depth). Small regions of study were defined that sample the ejecta deposits of small fresh craters that contain relatively crystalline (immature) material that grade into local background (mature) soils. Selected craters are small enough that they can be assumed to be of constant composition and thus are useful for evaluating trends in optical maturity. Color composites were also used to identify the most immature material in a region and show that maturity trends can also be identified using regional soil trends. The high resolution M(3) data are well suited to quantifying the spectral changes that accompany space weathering and are able to capture subtle spectral variations in maturity trends. However, the spectral changes that occur as a function of maturity were observed to be dependent on local composition. Given the complexity of space weathering processes, this was not unexpected but poses challenges for absolute measures of optical maturity across diverse lunar terrains.
C1 [Nettles, J. W.; Dhingra, D.; Isaacson, P.; Pieters, C. M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Staid, M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Besse, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Boardman, J.] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Klima, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20732 USA.
[Kramer, G.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA.
[Taylor, L. A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Nettles, JW (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
EM jeffrey_nettles@brown.edu
RI Klima, Rachel/H-9383-2012;
OI Klima, Rachel/0000-0002-9151-6429; Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439
FU NASA [NNM05AB26C]
FX M3 is supported as a NASA Discovery Program mission of
opportunity. The science results are supported through NASA contract
NNM05AB26C. The M3 instrument was flown as a guest instrument
on Chandrayaan-1. The M3 team is honored to have the
opportunity to participate in this mission and is grateful for the work
of the ISRO team that enabled M3 data return.
NR 27
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD JUL 28
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00G17
DI 10.1029/2010JE003748
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 800FU
UT WOS:000293346000001
ER
PT J
AU Blakely, RJ
Sherrod, BL
Weaver, CS
Wells, RE
Rohay, AC
Barnett, EA
Knepprath, NE
AF Blakely, Richard J.
Sherrod, Brian L.
Weaver, Craig S.
Wells, Ray E.
Rohay, Alan C.
Barnett, Elizabeth A.
Knepprath, Nichole E.
TI Connecting the Yakima fold and thrust belt to active faults in the Puget
Lowland, Washington
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID UPPER-CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; LATE QUATERNARY DEFORMATION; LATE HOLOCENE
EARTHQUAKES; SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; RIVER-BASALT-GROUP; CASCADIA
FORE-ARC; SEATTLE FAULT; STRUCTURE BENEATH; SADDLE MOUNTAINS; SEISMIC
HAZARDS
AB High-resolution aeromagnetic surveys of the Cascade Range and Yakima fold and thrust belt (YFTB), Washington, provide insights on tectonic connections between forearc and back-arc regions of the Cascadia convergent margin. Magnetic surveys were measured at a nominal altitude of 250 m above terrain and along flight lines spaced 400 m apart. Upper crustal rocks in this region have diverse magnetic properties, ranging from highly magnetic rocks of the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group to weakly magnetic sedimentary rocks of various ages. These distinctive magnetic properties permit mapping of important faults and folds from exposures to covered areas. Magnetic lineaments correspond with mapped Quaternary faults and with scarps identified in lidar (light detection and ranging) topographic data and aerial photography. A two-dimensional model of the northwest striking Umtanum Ridge fault zone, based on magnetic and gravity data and constrained by geologic mapping and three deep wells, suggests that thrust faults extend through the Tertiary section and into underlying pre-Tertiary basement. Excavation of two trenches across a prominent scarp at the base of Umtanum Ridge uncovered evidence for bending moment faulting possibly caused by a blind thrust. Using aeromagnetic, gravity, and paleoseismic evidence, we postulate possible tectonic connections between the YFTB in eastern Washington and active faults of the Puget Lowland. We suggest that faults and folds of Umtanum Ridge extend northwestward through the Cascade Range and merge with the Southern Whidbey Island and Seattle faults near Snoqualmie Pass 35 km east of Seattle. Recent earthquakes (M-W <= 5.3) suggest that this confluence of faults may be seismically active today.
C1 [Blakely, Richard J.; Wells, Ray E.; Knepprath, Nichole E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Sherrod, Brian L.; Weaver, Craig S.; Barnett, Elizabeth A.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Rohay, Alan C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Characterizat & Risk Assessment Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Blakely, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM blakely@usgs.gov
NR 80
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD JUL 28
PY 2011
VL 116
AR B07105
DI 10.1029/2010JB008091
PG 33
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 800FO
UT WOS:000293345400004
ER
PT J
AU Work, TM
Forsman, ZH
Szabo, Z
Lewis, TD
Aeby, GS
Toonen, RJ
AF Work, Thierry M.
Forsman, Zac H.
Szabo, Zoltan
Lewis, Teresa D.
Aeby, Greta S.
Toonen, Robert J.
TI Inter-Specific Coral Chimerism: Genetically Distinct Multicellular
Structures Associated with Tissue Loss in Montipora capitata
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROID HYDRACTINIA-SYMBIOLONGICARPUS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT;
GERM-CELL PARASITISM; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; COLONIAL UROCHORDATE;
BOTRYLLUS-SCHLOSSERI; WHITE SYNDROME; INDO-PACIFIC; FUSION;
ALLORECOGNITION
AB Montipora white syndrome (MWS) results in tissue-loss that is often lethal to Montipora capitata, a major reef building coral that is abundant and dominant in the Hawai'ian Archipelago. Within some MWS-affected colonies in Kane'ohe Bay, Oahu, Hawai'i, we saw unusual motile multicellular structures within gastrovascular canals (hereafter referred to as invasive gastrovascular multicellular structure-IGMS) that were associated with thinning and fragmentation of the basal body wall. IGMS were in significantly greater densities in coral fragments manifesting tissue-loss compared to paired normal fragments. Mesenterial filaments from these colonies yielded typical M. capitata mitochondrial haplotypes (CO1, CR), while IGMS from the same colony consistently yielded distinct haplotypes previously only found in a different Montipora species (Montipora flabellata). Protein profiles showed consistent differences between paired mesenterial filaments and IGMS from the same colonies as did seven microsatellite loci that also exhibited an excess of alleles per locus inconsistent with a single diploid organism. We hypothesize that IGMS are a parasitic cellular lineage resulting from the chimeric fusion between M. capitata and M. flabellata larvae followed by morphological reabsorption of M. flabellata and subsequent formation of cell-lineage parasites. We term this disease Montiporaiasis. Although intra-specific chimerism is common in colonial animals, this is the first suspected inter-specific example and the first associated with tissue loss.
C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Honolulu Field Stn, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Work, Thierry M.; Forsman, Zac H.; Szabo, Zoltan; Aeby, Greta S.; Toonen, Robert J.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA.
[Lewis, Teresa D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Fish Hlth Unit, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM USA.
RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Honolulu Field Stn, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA.
EM thierry_work@usgs.gov
RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012; Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015
OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340; Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090
FU United States Geological Survey; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
(HIMB) [1455]; School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology [8214];
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine
Sanctuaries Partnership [2005-008/66882]; National Science Foundation
[06-23678]
FX This project was funded in part by the United States Geological Survey
(www.usgs.gov) and the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB)
(http://www.hawaii.edu/himb/) HIMB contribution No. 1455 and School of
Ocean and Earth Science Technology contribution No. 8214. ZHF, ZS and
GSA were supported by a fellowship from the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration National Marine Sanctuaries Partnership MOA#
2005-008/66882, and DNA extraction and sequencing costs were supported
by National Science Foundation OCE# 06-23678 to RJT. The funders had no
role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish,
or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 56
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 9
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUL 28
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 7
AR e22869
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022869
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 799KC
UT WOS:000293284600060
PM 21829541
ER
PT J
AU Goldberg, CS
Pilliod, DS
Arkle, RS
Waits, LP
AF Goldberg, Caren S.
Pilliod, David S.
Arkle, Robert S.
Waits, Lisette P.
TI Molecular Detection of Vertebrates in Stream Water: A Demonstration
Using Rocky Mountain Tailed Frogs and Idaho Giant Salamanders
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; SAMPLES; FISH
AB Stream ecosystems harbor many secretive and imperiled species, and studies of vertebrates in these systems face the challenges of relatively low detection rates and high costs. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has recently been confirmed as a sensitive and efficient tool for documenting aquatic vertebrates in wetlands and in a large river and canal system. However, it was unclear whether this tool could be used to detect low-density vertebrates in fast-moving streams where shed cells may travel rapidly away from their source. To evaluate the potential utility of eDNA techniques in stream systems, we designed targeted primers to amplify a short, species-specific DNA fragment for two secretive stream amphibian species in the northwestern region of the United States (Rocky Mountain tailed frogs, Ascaphus montanus, and Idaho giant salamanders, Dicamptodon aterrimus). We tested three DNA extraction and five PCR protocols to determine whether we could detect eDNA of these species in filtered water samples from five streams with varying densities of these species in central Idaho, USA. We successfully amplified and sequenced the targeted DNA regions for both species from stream water filter samples. We detected Idaho giant salamanders in all samples and Rocky Mountain tailed frogs in four of five streams and found some indication that these species are more difficult to detect using eDNA in early spring than in early fall. While the sensitivity of this method across taxa remains to be determined, the use of eDNA could revolutionize surveys for rare and invasive stream species. With this study, the utility of eDNA techniques for detecting aquatic vertebrates has been demonstrated across the majority of freshwater systems, setting the stage for an innovative transformation in approaches for aquatic research.
C1 [Goldberg, Caren S.; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
[Pilliod, David S.; Arkle, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA.
RP Goldberg, CS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
EM cgoldberg@vandals.uidaho.edu
RI Goldberg, Caren/B-4075-2015;
OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518
FU United States Geological Survey Amphibian and Reptile Monitoring
Initiative
FX Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey Amphibian
and Reptile Monitoring Initiative. The funders had no role in study
design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 31
TC 107
Z9 113
U1 16
U2 183
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUL 26
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 7
AR e22746
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022746
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 798BE
UT WOS:000293175100047
PM 21818382
ER
PT J
AU Liu, JX
Vogelmann, JE
Zhu, ZL
Key, CH
Sleeter, BM
Price, DT
Chen, JM
Cochrane, MA
Eidenshink, JC
Howard, SM
Bliss, NB
Jiang, H
AF Liu, Jinxun
Vogelmann, James E.
Zhu, Zhiliang
Key, Carl H.
Sleeter, Benjamin M.
Price, David T.
Chen, Jing M.
Cochrane, Mark A.
Eidenshink, Jeffery C.
Howard, Stephen M.
Bliss, Norman B.
Jiang, Hong
TI Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and
land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference of the International-Society-for-Ecological-Modelling
CY OCT 06-09, 2009
CL Quebec City, CANADA
SP Int Soc Ecolog Modelling
DE Fire disturbance; Land cover change; CO2 fertilization; Climate change;
IBIS
ID INTEGRATED BIOSPHERE SIMULATOR; UNITED-STATES; CO2 FERTILIZATION;
FOREST; BOREAL; CLIMATE; BALANCE; CANADA; GROWTH
AB Land use change, natural disturbance, and climate change directly alter ecosystem productivity and carbon stock level. The estimation of ecosystem carbon dynamics depends on the quality of land cover change data and the effectiveness of the ecosystem models that represent the vegetation growth processes and disturbance effects. We used the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) and a set of 30- to 60-m resolution fire and land cover change data to examine the carbon changes of California's forests, shrublands, and grasslands. Simulation results indicate that during 1951-2000, the net primary productivity (NPP) increased by 7%, from 72.2 to 77.1 Tg C yr(-1) (1 teragram = 10(12) g), mainly due to CO2 fertilization, since the climate hardly changed during this period. Similarly, heterotrophic respiration increased by 5%, from 69.4 to 73.1 Tg Cyr(-1), mainly due to increased forest soil carbon and temperature. Net ecosystem production (NEP) was highly variable in the 50-year period but on average equalled 3.0 Tg C yr(-1) (total of 149 Tg C). As with NEP, the net biome production (NBP) was also highly variable but averaged -0.55 Tg C yr(-1) (total of -27.3 Tg C) because NBP in the 1980s was very low (-5.34 Tg C yr(-1)). During the study period, a total of 126 Tg carbon were removed by logging and land use change, and 50 Tg carbon were directly removed by wildland fires. For carbon pools, the estimated total living upper canopy (tree) biomass decreased from 928 to 834 Tg C, and the understory (including shrub and grass) biomass increased from 59 to 63 Tg C. Soil carbon and dead biomass carbon increased from 1136 to 1197 Tg C.
Our analyses suggest that both natural and human processes have significant influence on the carbon change in California. During 1951-2000, climate interannual variability was the key driving force for the large interannual changes of ecosystem carbon source and sink at the state level, while logging and fire were the dominant driving forces for carbon balances in several specific ecoregions. From a long-term perspective. CO2 fertilization plays a key role in maintaining higher NPP. However, our study shows that the increase in C sequestration by CO2 fertilization is largely offset by logging/land use change and wildland fires. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Liu, Jinxun] SGT Inc, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Vogelmann, James E.; Eidenshink, Jeffery C.; Howard, Stephen M.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Key, Carl H.] USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
[Sleeter, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Pacific Geog Sci Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Price, David T.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada.
[Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
[Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
[Cochrane, Mark A.] S Dakota State Univ, GIScCE, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Bliss, Norman B.] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Jiang, Hong] Zhejiang Forestry Univ, Int Ctr Spatial Ecol & Ecosyst Ecol, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
[Jiang, Hong] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China.
RP Liu, JX (reprint author), SGT Inc, EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM jxliu@usgs.gov
OI Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823
NR 33
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 46
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD JUL 24
PY 2011
VL 222
IS 14
SI SI
BP 2333
EP 2341
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.042
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 796GB
UT WOS:000293038700014
ER
PT J
AU Stankiewicz, J
Munoz, G
Ritter, O
Bedrosian, PA
Ryberg, T
Weckmann, U
Weber, M
AF Stankiewicz, J.
Munoz, G.
Ritter, O.
Bedrosian, P. A.
Ryberg, T.
Weckmann, U.
Weber, M.
TI Shallow lithological structure across the Dead Sea Transform derived
from geophysical experiments
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE magnetotellurics; seismic tomography
ID STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; BASIN; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEM;
ISRAEL; RIFT; LITHOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; INVERSION
AB In the framework of the DEad SEa Rift Transect (DESERT) project a 150 km magnetotelluric profile consisting of 154 sites was carried out across the Dead Sea Transform. The resistivity model presented shows conductive structures in the western section of the study area terminating abruptly at the Arava Fault. For a more detailed analysis we performed a joint interpretation of the resistivity model with a P wave velocity model from a partially coincident seismic experiment. The technique used is a statistical correlation of resistivity and velocity values in parameter space. Regions of high probability of a coexisting pair of values for the two parameters are mapped back into the spatial domain, illustrating the geographical location of lithological classes. In this study, four regions of enhanced probability have been identified, and are remapped as four lithological classes. This technique confirms the Arava Fault marks the boundary of a highly conductive lithological class down to a depth of similar to 3 km. That the fault acts as an impermeable barrier to fluid flow is unusual for large fault zone, which often exhibit a fault zone characterized by high conductivity and low seismic velocity. At greater depths it is possible to resolve the Precambrian basement into two classes characterized by vastly different resistivity values but similar seismic velocities. The boundary between these classes is approximately coincident with the Al Quweira Fault, with higher resistivities observed east of the fault. This is interpreted as evidence for the original deformation along the DST originally taking place at the Al Quweira Fault, before being shifted to the Arava Fault.
C1 [Stankiewicz, J.; Munoz, G.; Ritter, O.; Ryberg, T.; Weckmann, U.; Weber, M.] Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
[Bedrosian, P. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Weber, M.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, Potsdam, Germany.
RP Stankiewicz, J (reprint author), Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
EM jacek@gfz-potsdam.de
RI Ryberg, Trond/H-4329-2013; Weber, Michael/D-8330-2013
OI Ryberg, Trond/0000-0001-7129-5596;
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Ministry of Infrastructure of
Israel; Natural Resources Authority of Jordan; An-Najan National
University in Nablus, Palestine; Helmholtz-Russia Joint Research Groups
[HRJRG-110]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
FX The DESERT project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
The National Ministry of Infrastructure of Israel, the Natural Resources
Authority of Jordan, and the An-Najan National University in Nablus,
Palestine, are thanked for their support. The instruments were provided
by the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP). We gratefully
acknowledge the work of all the field crews. J.S. is funded by the
Helmholtz-Russia Joint Research Groups (Project HRJRG-110). P.A.B. was
supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Robert J. Stern and
anonymous reviewers provided constructive feedback on earlier versions
of the article.
NR 53
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD JUL 23
PY 2011
VL 12
AR Q07019
DI 10.1029/2011GC003678
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 797AL
UT WOS:000293094500002
ER
PT J
AU Jamieson, EC
Rennie, CD
Jacobson, RB
Townsend, RD
AF Jamieson, E. C.
Rennie, C. D.
Jacobson, R. B.
Townsend, R. D.
TI 3-D flow and scour near a submerged wing dike: ADCP measurements on the
Missouri River
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; GROYNE FIELDS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; VESSEL
MEASUREMENTS; PRACTICAL ASPECTS; SECONDARY FLOW; FIXED-VESSEL;
RIO-PARANA; VELOCITY; VORTEX
AB Detailed mapping of bathymetry and three-dimensional water velocities using a boat-mounted single-beam sonar and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was carried out in the vicinity of two submerged wing dikes located in the Lower Missouri River near Columbia, Missouri. During high spring flows the wing dikes become submerged, creating a unique combination of vertical flow separation and overtopping (plunging) flow conditions, causing large-scale three-dimensional turbulent flow structures to form. On three different days and for a range of discharges, sampling transects at 5 and 20 m spacing were completed, covering the area adjacent to and upstream and downstream from two different wing dikes. The objectives of this research are to evaluate whether an ADCP can identify and measure large-scale flow features such as recirculating flow and vortex shedding that develop in the vicinity of a submerged wing dike; and whether or not moving-boat (single-transect) data are sufficient for resolving complex three-dimensional flow fields. Results indicate that spatial averaging from multiple nearby single transects may be more representative of an inherently complex (temporally and spatially variable) three-dimensional flow field than repeated single transects. Results also indicate a correspondence between the location of calculated vortex cores (resolved from the interpolated three-dimensional flow field) and the nearby scour holes, providing new insight into the connections between vertically oriented coherent structures and local scour, with the unique perspective of flow and morphology in a large river.
C1 [Jamieson, E. C.; Rennie, C. D.; Townsend, R. D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Civil Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
[Jacobson, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
RP Jamieson, EC (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Civil Engn, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
EM elizabeth.jamieson@uottawa.ca
RI Rennie, Colin/D-1852-2015
OI Rennie, Colin/0000-0003-0683-1932
NR 59
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUL 23
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W07544
DI 10.1029/2010WR010043
PG 20
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 796YZ
UT WOS:000293090700002
ER
PT J
AU Angal, A
Chander, G
Xiong, XX
Choi, T
Wu, AS
AF Angal, Amit
Chander, Gyanesh
Xiong, Xiaoxiong
Choi, Taeyoung
Wu, Aisheng
TI Characterization of the Sonoran desert as a radiometric calibration
target for Earth observing sensors
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Sonoran; calibration; bidirectional reflectance distribution function;
ETM; Libya4; Hyperion; characterization; moderate resolution imaging
spectroradiometer
ID CHANNELS
AB To provide highly accurate quantitative measurements of the Earth's surface, a comprehensive calibration and validation of the satellite sensors is required. The NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Characterization Support Team, in collaboration with United States Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, has previously demonstrated the use of African desert sites to monitor the long-term calibration stability of Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+). The current study focuses on evaluating the suitability of the Sonoran Desert test site for post-launch long-term radiometric calibration as well as cross-calibration purposes. Due to the lack of historical and on-going in situ ground measurements, the Sonoran Desert is not usually used for absolute calibration. An in-depth evaluation (spatial, temporal, and spectral stability) of this site using well calibrated L7 ETM+ measurements and local climatology data has been performed. The Sonoran Desert site produced spatial variability of about 3 to 5% in the reflective solar regions, and the temporal variations of the site after correction for view-geometry impacts were generally around 3%. The results demonstrate that, barring the impacts due to occasional precipitation, the Sonoran Desert site can be effectively used for cross-calibration and longterm stability monitoring of satellite sensors, thus, providing a good test site in the western hemisphere. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3613963]
C1 [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Chander, Gyanesh] SGT Inc, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Choi, Taeyoung; Wu, Aisheng] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
EM amit.angal@ssaihq.com
RI Choi, Taeyoung/E-4437-2016
OI Choi, Taeyoung/0000-0002-4596-989X
FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044]
FX The authors thank Thomas Adamson (SGT) and Brian Wenny (MCST) for
providing helpful comments in the technical review of this manuscript.
Work at SGT, Inc. performed under U.S. Geological Survey contract
G10PC00044.
NR 11
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 7
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS
JI J. Appl. Remote Sens.
PD JUL 22
PY 2011
VL 5
AR 059502
DI 10.1117/1.3613963
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 807GE
UT WOS:000293883500001
ER
PT J
AU Pfaff, K
Koenig, A
Wenzel, T
Ridley, I
Hildebrandt, LH
Leach, DL
Markl, G
AF Pfaff, Katharina
Koenig, Alan
Wenzel, Thomas
Ridley, Ian
Hildebrandt, Ludwig H.
Leach, David L.
Markl, Gregor
TI Trace and minor element variations and sulfur isotopes in crystalline
and colloform ZnS: Incorporation mechanisms and implications for their
genesis
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Colloform sphalerite; Schalenblende; MVT; Hydrothermal
ID THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; SCHWARZWALD ORE DISTRICT; FLUID
INCLUSION ANALYSES; PB-AG DEPOSITS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; SPHALERITE
COSMOBAROMETER; SULFIDE MINERALIZATION; REDUCING BACTERIA;
HIGH-TEMPERATURE; COPPER-DEPOSIT
AB Various models have been proposed to explain the formation mechanism of colloform sphalerite, but the origin is still under debate. In order to decipher influences on trace element incorporation and sulfur isotope composition, crystalline and colloform sphalerite from the carbonate-hosted Mississippi-Valley Type (MVT) deposit near Wiesloch, SW Germany, were investigated and compared to sphalerite samples from 52 hydrothermal vein-type deposits in the Schwarzwald ore district, SW Germany to study the influence of different host rocks, formation mechanisms and fluid origin on trace element incorporation. Trace and minor element incorporation in sphalerite shows some correlation to their host rock and/or origin of fluid, gangue, paragenetic minerals and precipitation mechanisms (e.g., diagenetic processes, fluid cooling or fluid mixing). Furthermore, crystalline sphalerite is generally enriched in elements like Cd, Cu, Sb and Ag compared to colloform sphalerite that mainly incorporates elements like As, Pb and Tl. In addition, sulfur isotopes are characterized by positive values for crystalline and strongly negative values for colloform sphalerite. The combination of trace element contents, typical minerals associated with colloform sphalerite from Wiesloch, sulfur isotopes and thermodynamic considerations helped to evaluate the involvement of sulfate-reducing bacteria in water-filled karst cavities. Sulfate-reducing bacteria cause a sulfide-rich environment that leads in case of a metal-rich fluid supply to a sudden oversaturation of the fluid with respect to galena, sphalerite and pyrite. This, however, exactly coincides with the observed crystallization sequence of samples involving colloform sphalerite from the Wiesloch MVT deposit. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pfaff, Katharina; Wenzel, Thomas; Markl, Gregor] Fachbereich Geowissensch, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany.
[Koenig, Alan; Ridley, Ian; Leach, David L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Hildebrandt, Ludwig H.] Buro Denkmalpflege & Umweltschutz, D-69168 Wiesloch, Germany.
RP Markl, G (reprint author), Fachbereich Geowissensch, Wilhelmstr 56, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany.
EM katharina.pfaff@uni-tuebingen.de; akoenig@usgs.gov;
thomas.wenzel@uni-tuebingen.de; iridley@usgs.gov;
Ludwig.Hildebrandt@online.de; dleach5100@me.com; markl@uni-tuebingen.de
FU University of Tubingen (Promotionsverbund Wiesloch); Wilhem Schuler
Stiftung
FX We express our thanks to Udo Neumann, Sebastian Staude and Florian
Strobele for their help and insightful discussions and Andreas Kronz is
greatly acknowledged for cross-checking our analytical procedure. The
Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Georg Wittmer,
Adam Seigfried, and the University of Heidelberg are thanked for sample
material and the Heidelberg Zement AG (Dr. Schneider), and the Hessler
quarry (Peter Gramespacher) are thanked for granting access to their
quarries and for their support. Thanks to Indra Gill-Kopp, Johannes
Holzapfel, Michael Pribil, Garth Graham and Erin Marsh for their help
with sample preparation, in the lab and with figures. We greatly
acknowledge the very detailed and constructive reviews of Karen Kelley
and Ulrich Hein and the helpful remarks of the Editor Jeremy Fein.
Financial support for this work was granted by the University of
Tubingen (Promotionsverbund Wiesloch) and by the Wilhem Schuler Stiftung
(Travel Grant to the US Geological Survey in Denver), for which we are
grateful.
NR 88
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 8
U2 37
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD JUL 22
PY 2011
VL 286
IS 3-4
BP 118
EP 134
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.018
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 799WQ
UT WOS:000293317300006
ER
PT J
AU Dekov, V
Boycheva, T
Halenius, U
Petersen, S
Billstrom, K
Stummeyer, J
Kamenov, G
Shanks, W
AF Dekov, Vesselin
Boycheva, Tanya
Halenius, Ulf
Petersen, Sven
Billstrom, Kjell
Stummeyer, Jens
Kamenov, George
Shanks, Wayne
TI Atacamite and paratacamite from the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev seafloor
vent field (14 degrees 45 ' N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge)
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Atacamite; Au; Logatchev hydrothermal field; Mid-Atlantic Ridge;
O-Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes; Paratacamite
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; HYDROTHERMAL
FIELD; MASSIVE SULFIDES; SULFUR ISOTOPE; COPPER-DEPOSITS; LUCKY STRIKE;
DEGREES N; GEOCHEMISTRY
AB Atacamite and paratacamite are ubiquitous minerals associated with Cu-rich massive sulfides at the Logatchev hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). In this work we provide new details on the mineralogy and geochemistry of these basic cupric chlorides. Our data support the notion that atacamite and paratacamite formation at submarine vent fields is an alteration process of hydrothermal Cu-sulfides. Secondary Cu-sulfides (bornite, covellite) are unstable at ambient seawater conditions and will dissolve. Dissolution is focused at the sulfide-seawater contact, leading to release of Fe(2+) and Cu(+) and formation of residual chalcocite through an intermediate Cu(5)S(4) phase. Most of the released Fe(2+) oxidizes immediately and precipitates as FeOOH directly on the chalcocite rims whereas Cu as chloride complexes (CuCl(2)(-), CuCl(3)(2-)) remains in solution at the same Eh. Cuprous-chloride complexes migrate from the reaction zone and upon increasing Eh precipitate as Cu(2)Cl (OH)(3). As a consequence of this, the sulfide-seawater reaction interface is clearly marked by thin chalcocite-FeOOH bands and the entire assemblage is mantled by atacamite (or paratacamite). Our mineralogical, petrographic, geochemical and isotopic studies suggest that there are two types of atacamite (and/or paratacamite) depending on their mode of precipitation. Type 1 atacamite precipitated directly on the parent sulfides as evidenced by mantling of the sulfides, absence of detrital mineral grains, a preserved conspicuous positive Eu anomaly and a negligible negative Ce anomaly similar to those of the parent sulfide. In addition, Au concentrations are slightly lower than those of the parent sulfides, which suggest minimal transport of Au-ions after their release from the sulfides. Furthermore, the low content of the rare earth elements implies short contact time with the ambient seawater. The Sr-Nd-Pb-isotopic signatures of type 1 atacamite confirm the genetic association with the parent sulfides and indicate formation spatially very close to the latter. Type 2 atacamite precipitated at some distance from the parent sulfides, which means that the cuprous-chloride complexes have moved away from the sulfide alteration zone before precipitation. The evidence for this is absence of direct association of atacamite with sulfides. In addition, this atacamite contains a substantial proportion of detrital minerals, which implies precipitation in the sediments, distal to the parent sulfides. As a consequence of the detrital impurities the contents of elements like Cr, Cs, Hf, Nb, Rb,Th and Zr are higher than in type 1 atacamite (and/or paratacamite). Au contents are lower than those of type 1 atacamite (and/or paratacamite) which implies prolonged Au transport in solution before precipitation. Furthermore, the rare earth element distribution patterns have no positive Eu anomaly suggesting that the positive Eu anomaly of the parent sulfide has been erased after dissolution and prolonged contact of the fluid with ambient seawater (with negative Eu anomaly). Finally, the Sr-Nd-isotope signature differs from that of the parent sulfide and indicates a considerable terrigenous input. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dekov, Vesselin] Univ Sofia, Dept Geol & Paleontol, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria.
[Boycheva, Tanya] Univ Sofia, Dept Mineral Petr & Econ Geol, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria.
[Halenius, Ulf] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Petersen, Sven] IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24148 Kiel, Germany.
[Billstrom, Kjell] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Lab Isotope Geol, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Stummeyer, Jens] Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, D-30655 Hannover, Germany.
[Kamenov, George] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Shanks, Wayne] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Dekov, V (reprint author), Univ Sofia, Dept Geol & Paleontol, 15 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria.
EM dekov@gea.uni-sofia.bg
RI Petersen, Sven/N-9528-2016
OI Petersen, Sven/0000-0002-5469-105X
FU SYNTHESYS [SE-TAF-5065]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
FX This study was supported by SYNTHESYS (SE-TAF-5065; EC Research
Infrastructure Action, FP6 Structuring the European Research Area) grant
to T. Boycheva and Resumption of the Research Fellowship (Alexander von
Humboldt Foundation) grant to V. Dekov, which are greatly appreciated.
Sincere thanks go to M. Davydov (VNIIkeangeologia, St. Petersburg) who
kindly provided the sample from Logatchev-2 field. Samples from the
Logatchev-1 field were collected within the framework of the German DFG
Priority Program 1144: "From Mantle to Ocean: Energy-, Material-, and
Life-cycles at Spreading Axes". We wish to thank Laurie Reisberg, Eion
Cameron and Matt Leybourne for their critical remarks, which
substantially improved the quality of this work, and the masters and
crews of R/V Meteor and R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya for their help in sample
recovery. This is SPP1144 contribution number 0059.
NR 80
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD JUL 22
PY 2011
VL 286
IS 3-4
BP 169
EP 184
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.002
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 799WQ
UT WOS:000293317300010
ER
PT J
AU Alford, SE
Alt, JC
Shanks, WC
AF Alford, Susan E.
Alt, Jeffrey C.
Shanks, Wayne C., III
TI Sulfur geochemistry and microbial sulfate reduction during
low-temperature alteration of uplifted lower oceanic crust: Insights
from ODP Hole 735B
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Sulfur isotopes; Hydrothermal systems; Mid-ocean ridges; Subsurface
biosphere; Ocean Drilling Program; Hole 735B
ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; SW INDIAN RIDGE; CORE
COMPLEXES; ACIDITHIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION;
ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; PYRRHOTITE OXIDATION; BIOMASS PRODUCTION;
DEEP-SEA
AB Sulfide petrography plus whole rock contents and isotope ratios of sulfur were measured in a 1.5 km section of oceanic gabbros in order to understand the geochemistry of sulfur cycling during low-temperature seawater alteration of the lower oceanic crust, and to test whether microbial effects may be present. Most samples have low SO(4)/Sigma S values (<= 0.15), have retained igneous globules of pyrrhotite +/- chalcopyrite +/- pentlandite, and host secondary aggregates of pyrrhotite and pyrite laths in smectite +/- iron-oxyhydroxide +/- magnetite +/- calcite pseudomorphs of olivine and clinopyroxene. Compared to fresh gabbro containing 100-1800 ppm sulfur our data indicate an overall addition of sulfide to the lower crust. Selection of samples altered only at temperatures <= 110 degrees C constrains microbial sulfate reduction as the only viable mechanism for the observed sulfide addition, which may have been enabled by the production of H(2) from oxidation of associated olivine and pyroxene. The wide range in delta(34)S(sulfide) values (-1.5 to + 16.3 parts per thousand) and variable additions of sulfide are explained by variable epsilon(sulfate-sulfide) under open system pathways, with a possible progression into closed system pathways. Some samples underwent oxidation related to seawater penetration along permeable fault horizons and have lost sulfur, have high SO(4)/Sigma S (>= 0.46) and variable delta(34)S(sulfide) (0.7 to 16.9 parts per thousand). Negative delta(34)S(sulfate)-delta 34S(sulfide) values for the majority of samples indicate kinetic isotope fractionation during oxidation of sulfide minerals. Depth trends in sulfide-sulfur contents and sulfide mineral assemblages indicate a late-stage downward penetration of seawater into the lower 1 km of Hole 735B. Our results show that under appropriate temperature conditions, a subsurface biosphere can persist in the lower oceanic crust and alter its geochemistry. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Alford, Susan E.; Alt, Jeffrey C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Alford, Susan E.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA.
[Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Alt, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1100 North Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM salford@ucmerced.edu; jalt@umich.edu; pshanks@usgs.gov
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0622949]
FX This research used samples provided by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)
and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), with financial support by
the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE-0622949). The authors thank
Roland Thurston for analytical work. Wolfgang Bach and Adelie Delacour
provided helpful reviews.
NR 77
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD JUL 22
PY 2011
VL 286
IS 3-4
BP 185
EP 195
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.005
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 799WQ
UT WOS:000293317300011
ER
PT J
AU Hechinger, RF
Lafferty, KD
Dobson, AP
Brown, JH
Kuris, AM
AF Hechinger, Ryan F.
Lafferty, Kevin D.
Dobson, Andy P.
Brown, James H.
Kuris, Armand M.
TI A Common Scaling Rule for Abundance, Energetics, and Production of
Parasitic and Free-Living Species
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID POPULATION ENERGY-USE; BODY-SIZE; FOOD WEBS; EQUIVALENCE RULE;
METABOLIC-RATE; DENSITY; MASS; ECOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; COMMUNITIES
AB The metabolic theory of ecology uses the scaling of metabolism with body size and temperature to explain the causes and consequences of species abundance. However, the theory and its empirical tests have never simultaneously examined parasites alongside free-living species. This is unfortunate because parasites represent at least half of species diversity. We show that metabolic scaling theory could not account for the abundance of parasitic or free-living species in three estuarine food webs until accounting for trophic dynamics. Analyses then revealed that the abundance of all species uniformly scaled with body mass to the -3/4 power. This result indicates "production equivalence," where biomass production within trophic levels is invariant of body size across all species and functional groups: invertebrate or vertebrate, ectothermic or endothermic, and free-living or parasitic.
C1 [Hechinger, Ryan F.; Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Hechinger, Ryan F.; Lafferty, Kevin D.; Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Dobson, Andy P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Dobson, Andy P.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA.
[Brown, James H.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
RP Hechinger, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM hechinger@lifesci.ucsb.edu
RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009
OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593
FU NSF/NIH [DEB-0224565]; CA Sea Grant [R/OPCENV-01]
FX We thank S. Sokolow, J. McLaughlin, J. Childress, and J. Damuth for
discussion or comments on the manuscript. Supported by NSF/NIH EID grant
DEB-0224565 and by CA Sea Grant R/OPCENV-01. The analyses in this
manuscript used data published in Hechinger et al. (25), available at
Ecological Archives (accession no. E092-066).
NR 31
TC 53
Z9 55
U1 5
U2 84
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUL 22
PY 2011
VL 333
IS 6041
BP 445
EP 448
DI 10.1126/science.1204337
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 795FR
UT WOS:000292959600043
PM 21778398
ER
PT J
AU Choi, MK
Moon, CH
Ko, MS
Lee, UH
Cho, WJ
Cha, SJ
Do, JW
Heo, GJ
Jeong, SG
Hahm, YS
Harmache, A
Bremont, M
Kurath, G
Park, JW
AF Choi, Myeong Kyu
Moon, Chang Hoon
Ko, Myoung Seok
Lee, Unn-Hwa
Cho, Wha Ja
Cha, Seung Ju
Do, Jeong Wan
Heo, Gang Joon
Jeong, Soo Geun
Hahm, Yoo Sik
Harmache, Abdallah
Bremont, Michel
Kurath, Gael
Park, Jeong Woo
TI A Nuclear Localization of the Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus
NV Protein Is Necessary for Optimal Viral Growth
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; TROUT
ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; NS1 PROTEIN; MATRIX PROTEIN; RAINBOW-TROUT;
ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON; PHOSPHOPROTEIN-P; GENE-EXPRESSION;
BETA-INTERFERON
AB The nonvirion (NV) protein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) has been previously reported to be essential for efficient growth and pathogenicity of IHNV. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the NV supports the viral growth. In this study, cellular localization of NV and its role in IHNV growth in host cells was investigated. Through transient transfection in RTG-2 cells of NV fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), a nuclear localization of NV was demonstrated. Deletion analyses showed that the (32)EGDL(35) residues were essential for nuclear localization of NV protein, and fusion of these 4 amino acids to GFP directed its transport to the nucleus. We generated a recombinant IHNV, rIHNV-NV-Delta EGDL in which the (32)EGDL(35) was deleted from the NV. rIHNVs with wild-type NV (rIHNV-NV) or with the NV gene replaced with GFP (rIHNV-Delta NV-GFP) were used as controls. RTG-2 cells infected with rIHNV-Delta NV-GFP and rIHNV-NV-Delta EGDL yielded 12- and 5-fold less infectious virion, respectively, than wild type rIHNV-infected cells at 48 h post-infection (p.i.). While treatment with poly I: C at 24 h p.i. did not inhibit replication of wild-type rIHNVs, replication rates of rIHNV-Delta NV-GFP and rIHNV-NV-Delta EGDL were inhibited by poly I: C. In addition, both rIHNV-Delta NV and rIHNV-NV-Delta EGDL induced higher levels of expressions of both IFN1 and Mx1 than wild-type rIHNV. These data suggest that the IHNV NV may support the growth of IHNV through inhibition of the INF system and the amino acid residues of 32 EGDL 35 responsible for nuclear localization are important for the inhibitory activity of NV.
C1 [Choi, Myeong Kyu; Moon, Chang Hoon; Ko, Myoung Seok; Lee, Unn-Hwa; Park, Jeong Woo] Univ Ulsan, Dept Biol Sci, Ulsan 680749, South Korea.
[Cho, Wha Ja; Cha, Seung Ju] Univ Ulsan, Ulsan Univ Hosp, Coll Med, Biomed Res Ctr, Ulsan 680749, South Korea.
[Do, Jeong Wan] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, S & W Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Yeosu, South Korea.
[Heo, Gang Joon] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Cheongju, South Korea.
[Choi, Myeong Kyu; Jeong, Soo Geun; Hahm, Yoo Sik] Ulsan Inst Hlth & Environm, Ulsan, South Korea.
[Harmache, Abdallah; Bremont, Michel] INRA CRJ, Unite Virol & Immunol Mol, Jouy En Josas, France.
[Moon, Chang Hoon; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Choi, MK (reprint author), Univ Ulsan, Dept Biol Sci, Ulsan 680749, South Korea.
EM jwpark@ulsan.ac.kr
RI HARMACHE, ABDALLAH/E-7274-2011; Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010;
OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; harmache,
abdallah/0000-0002-7377-7641
FU Korean government ( MEST) [2009-0060042, BRL-2009-0087350]
FX This project was partially supported by a Korea Science and Engineering
Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government ( MEST), grant
code: 2009-0060042 and BRL-2009-0087350, http://www.nrf.re.kr/html/en/.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 51
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U1 0
U2 3
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUL 21
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 7
AR e22362
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022362
PG 13
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 795FA
UT WOS:000292956800047
PM 21814578
ER
PT J
AU George, DL
AF George, D. L.
TI Adaptive finite volume methods with well-balanced Riemann solvers for
modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset
dam-break flood (France, 1959)
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS
LA English
DT Article
DE shallow water; finite volume methods; mesh adaptation; hyperbolic PDE;
hydrodynamics; validation
ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; SOURCE TERMS; CONSERVATION-LAWS; MESH
REFINEMENT; SIMULATION; HYDRODYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; STATES; FLOWS
AB The simulation of advancing flood waves over rugged topography, by solving the shallow-water equations with well-balanced high-resolution finite volume methods and block-structured dynamic adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), is described and validated in this paper. The efficiency of block-structured AMR makes large-scale problems tractable, and allows the use of accurate and stable methods developed for solving general hyperbolic problems on quadrilateral grids. Features indicative of flooding in rugged terrain, such as advancing wet-dry fronts and non-stationary steady states due to balanced source terms from variable topography, present unique challenges and require modifications such as special Riemann solvers. A well-balanced Riemann solver for inundation and general (non-stationary) flow over topography is tested in this context. The difficulties of modeling floods in rugged terrain, and the rationale for and efficacy of using AMR and well-balanced methods, are presented. The algorithms are validated by simulating the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959), which has served as a benchmark problem previously. Historical field data, laboratory model data and other numerical simulation results (computed on static fitted meshes) are shown for comparison. The methods are implemented in GEOCLAW, a subset of the open-source CLAWPACK software. All the software is freely available at www.clawpack.org. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP George, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct,Bldg 10, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM dgeorge@usgs.gov
NR 37
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 13
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0271-2091
EI 1097-0363
J9 INT J NUMER METH FL
JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids
PD JUL 20
PY 2011
VL 66
IS 8
BP 1000
EP 1018
DI 10.1002/fld.2298
PG 19
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics,
Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics
GA 776UG
UT WOS:000291563100004
ER
PT J
AU Fan, YJ
Ge, ZF
Luo, AX
AF Fan, Yijun
Ge, Zhongfu
Luo, Aoxue
TI In vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gardenia
jasminoides Ellis
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Gardenia jasminoides Ellis; polysaccharide; antioxidant activity; free
radicals
ID EXTRACTS; CAPACITY; CONSTITUENTS; PURIFICATION; EXERCISE; PIGMENTS;
LEAVES; CROCIN; WATER
AB A water-soluble polysaccharide, GP, was isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis through hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The in vitro free radicals scavenging tests exhibited that GP has significant scavenging abilities especially for ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals, which suggests that the polysaccharide GP is a novel antioxidant.
C1 [Fan, Yijun; Luo, Aoxue] Sichuan Agr Univ, Chengdu 611130, Peoples R China.
[Ge, Zhongfu] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
RP Luo, AX (reprint author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, Peoples R China.
EM aoxueluo@hotmail.com
FU Sichuan Department of Education [08ZD036]
FX This study was supported by a research fund (08ZD036) of Sichuan
Department of Education.
NR 28
TC 5
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS
PI VICTORIA ISLAND
PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA
SN 1996-0875
J9 J MED PLANTS RES
JI J. Med. Plants Res.
PD JUL 18
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 14
BP 2963
EP 2968
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Medicinal
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 885AG
UT WOS:000299749400006
ER
PT J
AU Wang, XL
Chou, IM
Hu, WX
Burruss, RC
Sun, Q
Song, YC
AF Wang, Xiaolin
Chou, I. -Ming
Hu, Wenxuan
Burruss, Robert C.
Sun, Qiang
Song, Yucai
TI Raman spectroscopic measurements of CO2 density: Experimental
calibration with high-pressure optical cell (HPOC) and fused silica
capillary capsule (FSCC) with application to fluid inclusion
observations
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; MANTLE XENOLITHS; GOLD MINERALIZATION;
PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; MIXTURES; DEPOSIT; SYSTEM; MICROTHERMOMETRY;
GEOCHEMISTRY; GEOBAROMETRY
AB Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method for the determination of CO2 densities in fluid inclusions, especially for those with small size and/or low fluid density. The relationship between CO2 Fermi diad split (Delta, cm(-1)) and CO2 density (rho, g/cm(3)) has been documented by several previous studies. However, significant discrepancies exist among these studies mainly because of inconsistent calibration procedures and lack of measurements for CO2 fluids having densities between 0.21 and 0.75 g/cm3, where liquid and vapor phases coexist near room temperature.
In this study, a high-pressure optical cell and fused silica capillary capsules were used to prepare pure CO2 samples with densities between 0.0472 and 1.0060 g/cm(3). The measured CO2 Fermi diad splits were calibrated with two well established Raman bands of benzonitrile at 1192.6 and 1598.9 cm(-1). The relationship between the CO2 Fermi diad split and density can be represented by: rho = 47513.64243 - 1374.824414 x Delta + 13.25586152 x Delta(2) - 0.04258891551 x Delta(3) (r(2) = 0.99835, r = 0.0253 g/cm(3)), and this relationship was tested by synthetic fluid inclusions and natural CO2-rich fluid inclusions. The effects of temperature and the presence of H2O and CH4 on this relationship were also examined. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Xiaolin; Hu, Wenxuan] Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Mineral Deposits Res, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China.
[Chou, I. -Ming] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 955, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Sun, Qiang] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Song, Yucai] China Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Mineral Deposits Res, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China.
EM xl.wang.geo@gmail.com
RI SUN, Li-Qiang/A-8410-2012
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41072091]; China
Scholarship Council; U.S. Geological Survey
FX We thank Professor Guoxiang Chi of Department of Geology, University of
Regina, for proving natural CO2-rich fluid inclusions. We
also thank the Associate Editor, Zhenhao Duan, Jean Dubessy of
Departement des Sciences de la Terre Facultedes Sciences, Universite
Henri-Poincare, Robert Seal II and Brennan T. Sean of U. S. Geological
Survey, and two anonymous referees for their constructive reviews and
suggestions. This work was partly supported by National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant No. 41072091), the China Scholarship Council,
and the U.S. Geological Survey. The use of trade, product, industry, or
firm names in this report is for descriptive purpose only and does not
constitute endorsement by the U. S Geological Survey and the U. S.
Government.
NR 45
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U1 3
U2 30
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUL 15
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 14
BP 4080
EP 4093
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.04.028
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 796YT
UT WOS:000293090100013
ER
PT J
AU Boyles, JG
Cryan, PM
Mccracken, GF
Kunz, TH
AF Boyles, Justin G.
Cryan, Paul M.
Mccracken, Gary F.
Kunz, Thomas H.
TI Concerns About Extrapolating Right Off the Bat Response
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Boyles, Justin G.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa.
[Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Mccracken, Gary F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RP Boyles, JG (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa.
EM jgboyles@zoology.up.ac.za
RI Boyles, Justin/A-5152-2010
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 27
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUL 15
PY 2011
VL 333
IS 6040
BP 287
EP 288
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 792HF
UT WOS:000292732000018
ER
PT J
AU Pederson, GT
Gray, ST
Woodhouse, CA
Betancourt, JL
Fagre, DB
Littell, JS
Watson, E
Luckman, BH
Graumlich, LJ
AF Pederson, Gregory T.
Gray, Stephen T.
Woodhouse, Connie A.
Betancourt, Julio L.
Fagre, Daniel B.
Littell, Jeremy S.
Watson, Emma
Luckman, Brian H.
Graumlich, Lisa J.
TI The Unusual Nature of Recent Snowpack Declines in the North American
Cordillera
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE-RINGS; TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY;
CANADIAN-ROCKIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION; DROUGHT; EARLIER; USA
AB In western North America, snowpack has declined in recent decades, and further losses are projected through the 21st century. Here, we evaluate the uniqueness of recent declines using snowpack reconstructions from 66 tree-ring chronologies in key runoff-generating areas of the Colorado, Columbia, and Missouri River drainages. Over the past millennium, late 20th century snowpack reductions are almost unprecedented in magnitude across the northern Rocky Mountains and in their north-south synchrony across the cordillera. Both the snowpack declines and their synchrony result from unparalleled springtime warming that is due to positive reinforcement of the anthropogenic warming by decadal variability. The increasing role of warming on large-scale snowpack variability and trends foreshadows fundamental impacts on streamflow and water supplies across the western United States.
C1 [Pederson, Gregory T.; Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Pederson, Gregory T.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Pederson, Gregory T.; Gray, Stephen T.; Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Gray, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Betancourt, Julio L.] USGS, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Littell, Jeremy S.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Watson, Emma; Luckman, Brian H.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada.
[Graumlich, Lisa J.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Pederson, GT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
EM gpederson@usgs.gov
RI Graumlich, Lisa/A-1421-2012
OI Graumlich, Lisa/0000-0003-1239-1873
FU USGS Western Mountain Initiative; NSF [GSS-0620793, DEB-0734277, 980931,
9729571]; USGS; Denver Water Board; Joint Institute for the Study of the
Atmosphere and Ocean under National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1232, 1856]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310371]; Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [8847]
FX We thank S. Laursen for project assistance; G. McCabe and D. McWethey
for helpful comments; and T. Chesley-Preston (USGS), L. Clampitt (USGS),
S. Moore [Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)], B. Ralston
(ESRI), and L. Saunders (ESRI) for assistance building animations and
Web-mapping tools for the snowpack database. We give a special thanks to
contributors to the International Tree Ring Databank and M. Colenutt, D.
Meko, and T. Knight for the invaluable tree-ring records. This research
was financially supported in part by the USGS Western Mountain
Initiative and NSF (grants GSS-0620793 and DEB-0734277). C. A. W. was
supported by NSF (grants 980931 and 9729571), USGS Earth Surface
Dynamics Program, and the Denver Water Board. J.S.L was supported by the
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Agreement
NA17RJ1232 (contribution 1856) and NOAA Climate Program Office Sector
Applications Research Program (grant NA07OAR4310371). B. H. L was
supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada (grant 8847). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S.
government. G. T. P, S. T. G, C. A. W., and L.J.G planned the project,
contributed data, and designed and participated in the data analyses and
writing of the paper. G. T. P and S. T. G. conducted all the analyses.
J.L.B. and D. B. F. contributed substantially to the analysis design and
writing of the paper. J.S.L, E. W., and B. H. L provided critical
northern cordilleran tree-ring chronologies and contributed to the
writing of the paper. Reprints and permissions information is available
online at www.sciencemag.org/site/about/permissions.xhtml. The authors
declare no competing financial interests. All of the snowpack
reconstructions and tree-ring chronologies used to generate them are
available online at the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology in
Boulder, Colorado, USA
(www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/pederson2011/pederson2011.html) and from
the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center in Bozeman, Montana, USA
(www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/NorthAmerSnowpack/).
NR 31
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Z9 100
U1 9
U2 73
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUL 15
PY 2011
VL 333
IS 6040
BP 332
EP 335
DI 10.1126/science.1201570
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 792HF
UT WOS:000292732000040
PM 21659569
ER
PT J
AU Hodgkins, GA
Dudley, RW
AF Hodgkins, Glenn A.
Dudley, Robert W.
TI Historical summer base flow and stormflow trends for New England rivers
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; FIELD SIGNIFICANCE;
STREAMFLOW TRENDS; ATLANTIC SALMON; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION;
20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; HYDROLOGY
AB River base flow is important to aquatic ecosystems, particularly because of its influence on summer water temperatures. Summer (June through September) daily mean streamflows were separated into base flow and stormflow components by use of an automated method at 25 stations in the New England region of the United States that drain predominantly natural basins. Summer monthly mean base flows increased from 1950-2006 at most stations in western New England with many large increases (>20%) and some very large increases (>50%) in and near New Hampshire and Vermont. The same was true for increases in summer 7 day low base flows in and near New Hampshire and Vermont during this same period; in contrast, there were small and large decreases in 7 day low base flows in northern and coastal areas of Maine. Summer stormflows increased from 1950-2006 by more than 50% at many stations in New England, particularly in and near New Hampshire and Vermont. The increases in base flows and stormflows at many stations in and near New Hampshire and Vermont were likely driven by the large increases in summer precipitation recorded at weather stations in this area. Summer rainfall increased at most weather stations in New England from 1950-2006 with many increases of more than 20% in western New England. Summer air temperature increased on average by 1.1 degrees C from 1950-2006 in New England and may have played a role in the decreased base flows in northern and coastal Maine through increased evapotranspiration. Many variables increased less from 1930-2006 than from 1950-2006.
C1 [Hodgkins, Glenn A.; Dudley, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA.
RP Hodgkins, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA.
EM gahodgki@usgs.gov; rwdudley@usgs.gov
NR 54
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUL 15
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W07528
DI 10.1029/2010WR009109
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 793SY
UT WOS:000292844600002
ER
PT J
AU Arp, CD
Jones, BM
Urban, FE
Grosse, G
AF Arp, Christopher D.
Jones, Benjamin M.
Urban, Frank E.
Grosse, Guido
TI Hydrogeomorphic processes of thermokarst lakes with grounded-ice and
floating-ice regimes on the Arctic coastal plain, Alaska
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE Arctic coastal plain; thermokarst lakes; shoreline erosion; water
balance; lake ice
ID BEAUFORT SEA COAST; WATER AVAILABILITY; NORTHERN ALASKA; ORIENTED LAKES;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHALLOW LAKES; THAW LAKES; CANADA; EVAPORATION; COVER
AB Thermokarst lakes cover > 20% of the landscape throughout much of the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) with shallow lakes freezing solid (grounded ice) and deeper lakes maintaining perennial liquid water (floating ice). Thus, lake depth relative to maximum ice thickness (1.5-2.0 m) represents an important threshold that impacts permafrost, aquatic habitat, and potentially geomorphic and hydrologic behaviour. We studied coupled hydrogeomorphic processes of 13 lakes representing a depth gradient across this threshold of maximum ice thickness by analysing remotely sensed, water quality, and climatic data over a 35-year period. Shoreline erosion rates due to permafrost degradation ranged from <0.2 m/year in very shallow lakes (0.4 m) up to 1.8 m/year in the deepest lakes (2.6 m). This pattern of thermokarst expansion masked detection of lake hydrologic change using remotely sensed imagery except for the shallowest lakes with stable shorelines. Changes in the surface area of these shallow lakes tracked interannual variation in precipitation minus evaporation (P - E-L) with periods of full and nearly dry basins. Shorter-term (2004-2008) specific conductance data indicated a drying pattern across lakes of all depths consistent with the long-term record for only shallow lakes. Our analysis suggests that grounded-ice lakes are ice-free on average 37 days longer than floating-ice lakes resulting in a longer period of evaporative loss and more frequent negative P - E-L. These results suggest divergent hydrogeomorphic responses to a changing Arctic climate depending on the threshold created by water depth relative to maximum ice thickness in ACP lakes. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Arp, Christopher D.] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Jones, Benjamin M.; Grosse, Guido] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Urban, Frank E.] US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Arp, CD (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM cdarp@alaska.edu
RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011;
OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225
FU Alaska Science Center through the Department of Interior Landscape; NASA
[NNX08AJ37G]
FX We thank Richard Beck at University of Cincinnati and Joel Schmutz at
the Alaska Science Center, along with the Bureau of Land Management, US
Fish and Wildlife Service, and Barrow Arctic Research Consortium, for
logistical and technical support. Jennifer Rover and Bruce Wylie with
the US Geological Survey provided helpful comments on an early draft of
this manuscript, and Jerry Brown with the International Permafrost
Association for helpful comments on a late draft of this manuscript.
Three anonymous reviewers provided very helpful comments that improved
the quality of this manuscript. Funding for this research was primarily
provided by the Alaska Science Center through the Department of Interior
Landscape Project. Jones and Grosse were additionally supported by NASA
Grant #NNX08AJ37G.
NR 80
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U1 0
U2 33
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0885-6087
EI 1099-1085
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD JUL 15
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 15
BP 2422
EP 2438
DI 10.1002/hyp.8019
PG 17
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 789YP
UT WOS:000292555900009
ER
PT J
AU Vandenbruwaene, W
Maris, T
Cox, TJS
Cahoon, DR
Meire, P
Temmerman, S
AF Vandenbruwaene, W.
Maris, T.
Cox, T. J. S.
Cahoon, D. R.
Meire, P.
Temmerman, S.
TI Sedimentation and response to sea-level rise of a restored marsh with
reduced tidal exchange: Comparison with a natural tidal marsh
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Restored tidal marsh; Controlled reduced tide (CRT); Natural tidal
marsh; Vertical marsh development; Sea-level rise
ID FRESH-WATER MARSH; SALT-MARSHES; SCHELDT ESTUARY; GROWTH; RESTORATION;
ACCRETION; SUBMERGENCE; REALIGNMENT; NETHERLANDS; DEPOSITION
AB Along coasts and estuaries, formerly embanked land is increasingly restored into tidal marshes in order to re-establish valuable ecosystem services, such as buffering against flooding. Along the Scheldt estuary (Belgium), tidal marshes are restored on embanked land by allowing a controlled reduced tide (CRT) into a constructed basin, through a culvert in the embankment. In this way tidal water levels are significantly lowered (ca. 3 m) so that a CRT marsh can develop on formerly embanked land with a ca. 3 m lower elevation than the natural tidal marshes. In this study we compared the long-term change in elevation (Delta E) within a CRT marsh and adjacent natural tidal marsh. Over a period of 4 years, the observed spatio-temporal variations in Delta E rate were related to variations in inundation depth, and this relationship was not significantly different for the CRT marsh and natural tidal marsh. A model was developed to simulate the Delta E over the next century. (1) Under a scenario without mean high water level (MHWL) rise in the estuary, the model shows that the marsh elevation-Delta E feedback that is typical for a natural tidal marsh (i.e. rising marsh elevation results in decreasing inundation depth and therefore a decreasing increase in elevation) is absent in the basin of the CRT marsh. This is because tidal exchange of water volumes between the estuary and CRT marsh are independent from the CRT marsh elevation but dependent on the culvert dimensions. Thus the volume of water entering the CRT remains constant regardless of the marsh elevation. Consequently the CRT MHWL follows the increase in CRT surface elevation, resulting after 75 years in a 2-2.5 times larger elevation gain in the CRT marsh, and a faster reduction of spatial elevation differences. (2) Under a scenario of constant MHWL rise (historical rate of 1.5 cm a(-1)), the equilibrium elevation (relative to MHWL) is 0.13 m lower in the CRT marsh and is reached almost 2 times faster. (3) Under a scenario of accelerated MHWL rise (acceleration of 0.02 cm a(-1)), the CRT marsh is much less able to keep up with the MHWL rise; after 75 years the CRT elevation is already 0.21 m lower than for the natural marsh. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that although short-term (4 years) Delta E rates are similar in a restored CRT marsh and natural tidal marsh, these ecosystems may evolve differently in response to sea-level rise in the longer term (10-100 years). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Vandenbruwaene, W.; Maris, T.; Cox, T. J. S.; Meire, P.; Temmerman, S.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
[Cox, T. J. S.] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Ctr Estuarine & Marine Ecol CEME, NL-4401 NT Yerseke, Netherlands.
[Cahoon, D. R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Vandenbruwaene, W (reprint author), Flemish Govt, Flanders Hydraul Res, Berchemlei 115, B-2140 Antwerp, Belgium.
EM wouter.vandenbruwaene@mow.vlaanderen.be
RI Temmerman, Stijn/C-5521-2009
FU Waterwegen Zeekanaal NV; FWO-Flanders [1503907N]
FX The authors wish to thank Jean Waucomont, Sander Jacobs, Johnny
Teuchies, Olivier Beauchard, Kristof Nevelsteen and Gerard Govers for
their assistance during field work. We also thank two anonymous referees
for their comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by
Waterwegen & Zeekanaal NV (OMES project) and FWO-Flanders (project
number 1503907N). This is publication 4985 of the Netherlands Institute
of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW). Use of trade, product, or firm names does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 41
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 42
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY
JI Geomorphology
PD JUL 15
PY 2011
VL 130
IS 3-4
BP 115
EP 126
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.03.004
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 785NX
UT WOS:000292236800002
ER
PT J
AU Cormier, MH
Gans, KD
Wilson, DS
AF Cormier, Marie-Helene
Gans, Kathleen D.
Wilson, Douglas S.
TI Gravity lineaments of the Cocos Plate: Evidence for a thermal
contraction crack origin
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cocos Plate; gravity lineaments
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; YOUNG OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE; OROZCO TRANSFORM-FAULT;
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; DIFFUSE EXTENSION; MANTLE CONVECTION; SPREADING
CENTER; MAGMA CHAMBER; FRACTURE-ZONE; SOUTH-PACIFIC
AB Lineaments in the gravity field with wavelengths of 100-200 km affect the south-central Pacific. Because they align with absolute plate motion, it has been proposed that they reflect small-scale convection cells beneath the lithosphere that become elongated by basal shear. Alternatively, it was suggested that they reflect channelized flow of low viscosity material following the base of the lithosphere toward the East Pacific Rise, or that they result from lithospheric-scale thermal contraction cracks. Here, we report about previously undetected gravity lineaments across the Cocos Plate. Similarly to the south-central Pacific lineaments, the Cocos lineaments affect a plate that is anomalously shallow, with seamounts aligning mostly within their troughs. However, the Cocos lineaments strike markedly oblique to absolute plate motion and follow instead trajectories that are perpendicular to seafloor isochrons, a characteristic best explained by the thermal contraction crack model. The presence of steep scarps at the base of seamounts and the seismic imaging of faults striking perpendicular to isochrons further support this interpretation. Assuming that the slow subsidence rates of the south-central Pacific and Cocos plates reflect a warmer upper mantle, we propose that the associated thinner elastic plates favor the formation of thermal contraction cracks. A thinner elastic plate may also explain the pattern of ridge propagation in both areas. At large ridge offsets with a history of steady migration, the propagating segments have been those cutting into the shallower flanks, consistent with the concept that a warmer, thinner plate is more easily cracked.
C1 [Cormier, Marie-Helene] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Gans, Kathleen D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Wilson, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Wilson, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Cormier, MH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM courmierm@missouri.edu
FU NSF [OCE-9629903]
FX Figures were produced with the free software GMT [Wessel and Smith,
1998] and multibeam bathymetric data were processed with the free
software MB-System [Caress and Chayes, 1996]. We thank Ken Macdonald,
Marcia Maia, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive remarks that
improved this manuscript. Initial data processing was carried out with
support from NSF grant OCE-9629903.
NR 81
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD JUL 13
PY 2011
VL 12
AR Q07007
DI 10.1029/2011GC003573
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 793PU
UT WOS:000292836400002
ER
PT J
AU Malinverno, A
Pohlman, JW
AF Malinverno, A.
Pohlman, J. W.
TI Modeling sulfate reduction in methane hydrate-bearing continental margin
sediments: Does a sulfate-methane transition require anaerobic oxidation
of methane?
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE anaerobic oxidation of methane; reaction-transport modeling; sulfate
reduction
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; GAS HYDRATE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS;
CASCADIA MARGIN; GEOCHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; WATER;
PROFILES; RATES
AB The sulfate-methane transition (SMT), a biogeochemical zone where sulfate and methane are metabolized, is commonly observed at shallow depths (1-30 mbsf) in methane-bearing marine sediments. Two processes consume sulfate at and above the SMT, anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and organoclastic sulfate reduction (OSR). Differentiating the relative contribution of each process is critical to estimate methane flux into the SMT, which, in turn, is necessary to predict deeper occurrences of gas hydrates in continental margin sediments. To evaluate the relative importance of these two sulfate reduction pathways, we developed a diagenetic model to compute the pore water concentrations of sulfate, methane, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). By separately tracking DIC containing C-12 and C-13, the model also computes delta C-13-DIC values. The model reproduces common observations from methane-rich sediments: a well-defined SMT with no methane above and no sulfate below and a delta C-13-DIC minimum at the SMT. The model also highlights the role of upward diffusing C-13-enriched DIC in contributing to the carbon isotope mass balance of DIC. A combination of OSR and AOM, each consuming similar amounts of sulfate, matches observations from Site U1325 (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 311, northern Cascadia margin). Without AOM, methane diffuses above the SMT, which contradicts existing field data. The modeling results are generalized with a dimensional analysis to the range of SMT depths and sedimentation rates typical of continental margins. The modeling shows that AOM must be active to establish an SMT wherein methane is quantitatively consumed and the delta C-13-DIC minimum occurs. The presence of an SMT generally requires active AOM.
C1 [Malinverno, A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Pohlman, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Malinverno, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
EM alberto@ldeo.columbia.edu
NR 52
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 4
U2 37
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD JUL 12
PY 2011
VL 12
AR Q07006
DI 10.1029/2011GC003501
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 793PT
UT WOS:000292836300001
ER
PT J
AU Shelly, DR
Johnson, KM
AF Shelly, David R.
Johnson, Kaj M.
TI Tremor reveals stress shadowing, deep postseismic creep, and
depth-dependent slip recurrence on the lower-crustal San Andreas fault
near Parkfield
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID AFTERSHOCK DENSITY; DYNAMIC STRESS; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION;
SEISMICITY; DISTANCE; SIMEON; DECAY
AB The 2003 magnitude 6.5 San Simeon and the 2004 magnitude 6.0 Parkfield earthquakes induced small, but significant, static stress changes in the lower crust on the central San Andreas fault, where recently detected tectonic tremor sources provide new constraints on deep fault creep processes. We find that these earthquakes affect tremor rates very differently, consistent with their differing transferred static shear stresses. The San Simeon event appears to have cast a "stress shadow" north of Parkfield, where tremor activity was stifled for 3-6 weeks. In contrast, the 2004 Parkfield earthquake dramatically increased tremor activity rates both north and south of Parkfield, allowing us to track deep postseismic slip. Following this event, rates initially increased by up to two orders of magnitude for the relatively shallow tremor sources closest to the rupture, with activity in some sources persisting above background rates for more than a year. We also observe strong depth dependence in tremor recurrence patterns, with shallower sources generally exhibiting larger, less-frequent bursts, possibly signaling a transition toward steady creep with increasing temperature and depth. Citation: Shelly, D. R., and K. M. Johnson (2011), Tremor reveals stress shadowing, deep postseismic creep, and depth-dependent slip recurrence on the lower-crustal San Andreas fault near Parkfield, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13312, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047863.
C1 [Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Johnson, Kaj M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
RP Shelly, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM dshelly@usgs.gov
NR 31
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUL 12
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L13312
DI 10.1029/2011GL047863
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 793PA
UT WOS:000292834400004
ER
PT J
AU Newmark, WD
Stanley, TR
AF Newmark, William D.
Stanley, Thomas R.
TI Habitat fragmentation reduces nest survival in an Afrotropical bird
community in a biodiversity hotspot
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE avian conservation; demography; nest predators
ID PREDATION RISK; FOREST BIRDS; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; CENTRAL PANAMA; SUCCESS;
LANDSCAPE; EDGE; EXTINCTION; SELECTION; POPULATIONS
AB Ecologists have long hypothesized that fragmentation of tropical landscapes reduces avian nest success. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously assessed because of the difficulty of finding large numbers of well-hidden nests in tropical forests. Here we report that in the East Usambara Mountains in Tanzania, which are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, a global biodiversity hotspot, that daily nest survival rate and nest success for seven of eight common understory bird species that we examined over a single breeding season were significantly lower in fragmented than in continuous forest, with the odds of nest failure for these seven species ranging from 1.9 to 196.8 times higher in fragmented than continuous forest. Cup-shaped nests were particularly vulnerable in fragments. We then examined over six breeding seasons and 14 study sites in a multivariable survival analysis the influence of landscape structure and nest location on daily nest survival for 13 common species representing 1,272 nests and four nest types (plate, cup, dome, and pouch). Across species and nest types, area, distance of nest to edge, and nest height had a dominant influence on daily nest survival, with area being positively related to nest survival and distance of nest to edge and nest height being both positively and negatively associated with daily nest survival. Our results indicate that multiple environmental factors contribute to reduce nest survival within a tropical understory bird community in a fragmented landscape and that maintaining large continuous forest is important for enhancing nest survival for Afrotropical understory birds.
C1 [Newmark, William D.] Univ Utah, Utah Museum Nat Hist, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Stanley, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Newmark, WD (reprint author), Univ Utah, Utah Museum Nat Hist, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM bnewmark@umnh.utah.edu
FU Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund; Earthwatch; US Geological Survey,
Fort Collins Science Center
FX We thank V. Mkongewa, M. Munissi, A. Mkongewa, and D. Munissi for
conducting the nest surveys; A. Chalfoun, S. Skagen, T. O'Shea, and two
anonymous reviewers for their comments; and the Tanzania Commission for
Science and Technology, Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, and the
Amani Nature Reserve Authority for permission to conduct research. The
work was supported by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund,
Earthwatch, and US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center.
NR 52
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 5
U2 57
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD JUL 12
PY 2011
VL 108
IS 28
BP 11488
EP 11493
DI 10.1073/pnas.1104955108
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 791BO
UT WOS:000292635200042
PM 21709237
ER
PT J
AU Barnard, PL
Allan, J
Hansen, JE
Kaminsky, GM
Ruggiero, P
Doria, A
AF Barnard, Patrick L.
Allan, Jonathan
Hansen, Jeff E.
Kaminsky, George M.
Ruggiero, Peter
Doria, Andre
TI The impact of the 2009-10 El Nino Modoki on US West Coast beaches
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CALIFORNIA COAST; WAVE CLIMATE; VARIABILITY;
ANOMALIES; EROSION
AB High-resolution beach morphology data collected along much of the U. S. West Coast are synthesized to evaluate the coastal impacts of the 2009-10 El Nino. Coastal change observations were collected as part of five beach monitoring programs that span between 5 and 13 years in duration. In California, regional wave and water level data show that the environmental forcing during the 2009-10 winter was similar to the last significant El Nino of 1997-98, producing the largest seasonal shoreline retreat and/or most landward shoreline position since monitoring began. In contrast, the 2009-10 El Nino did not produce anomalously high mean winter-wave energy in the Pacific Northwest (Oregon and Washington), although the highest 5% of the winter wave-energy measurements were comparable to 1997-98 and two significant non-El Nino winters. The increase in extreme waves in the 2009-10 winter was coupled with elevated water levels and a more southerly wave approach than the long-term mean, resulting in greater shoreline retreat than during 1997-98, including anomalously high shoreline retreat immediately north of jetties, tidal inlets, and rocky headlands. The morphodynamic response observed throughout the U. S. West Coast during the 2009-10 El Nino is principally linked to the El Nino Modoki phenomena, where the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly is focused in the central equatorial Pacific (as opposed to the eastern Pacific during a classic El Nino), featuring a more temporally persistent SST anomaly that results in longer periods of elevated wave energy but lower coastal water levels. Citation: Barnard, P. L., J. Allan, J. E. Hansen, G. M. Kaminsky, P. Ruggiero, and A. Doria (2011), The impact of the 2009-10 El Nino Modoki on U. S. West Coast beaches, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13604, doi:10.1029/2011GL047707.
C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.; Hansen, Jeff E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Allan, Jonathan] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Doria, Andre] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Hansen, Jeff E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Kaminsky, George M.] Washington State Dept Ecol, Coastal Monitoring & Anal Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA.
[Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM pbarnard@usgs.gov
RI Hansen, Jeff/H-9350-2014;
OI Hansen, Jeff/0000-0002-8882-3866; Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Washington State Department of Ecology;
California Department of Boating and Waterways; Northwest Association of
Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS); United States Army Corps of
Engineers
FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Geological Survey, Washington State
Department of Ecology, California Department of Boating and Waterways,
Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS), and
the United States Army Corps of Engineers for funding the long-term
beach morphology monitoring programs described within.
NR 23
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUL 9
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L13604
DI 10.1029/2011GL047707
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 790SG
UT WOS:000292608900004
ER
PT J
AU Shanley, JB
McDowell, WH
Stallard, RF
AF Shanley, James B.
McDowell, William H.
Stallard, Robert F.
TI Long-term patterns and short-term dynamics of stream solutes and
suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; PUERTO-RICO; RAIN-FOREST; HYDROGRAPH
SEPARATION; HURRICANE DISTURBANCE; HYDROLOGIC PATHWAYS; WESTERN
AMAZONIA; NUTRIENT FLUXES; STORM RUNOFF; LA CUENCA
AB The 326 ha Rio Icacos watershed in the tropical wet forest of the Luquillo Mountains, northeastern Puerto Rico, is underlain by granodiorite bedrock with weathering rates among the highest in the world. We pooled stream chemistry and total suspended sediment (TSS) data sets from three discrete periods: 1983-1987, 1991-1997, and 2000-2008. During this period three major hurricanes crossed the site: Hugo in 1989, Hortense in 1996, and Georges in 1998. Stream chemistry reflects sea salt inputs (Na, Cl, and SO(4)), and high weathering rates of the granodiorite (Ca, Mg, Si, and alkalinity). During rainfall, stream composition shifts toward that of precipitation, diluting 90% or more in the largest storms, but maintains a biogeochemical watershed signal marked by elevated K and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. DOC exhibits an unusual "boomerang" pattern, initially increasing with flow but then decreasing at the highest flows as it becomes depleted and/or vigorous overland flow minimizes contact with watershed surfaces. TSS increased markedly with discharge (power function slope 1.54), reflecting the erosive power of large storms in a landslide-prone landscape. The relations of TSS and most solute concentrations with stream discharge were stable through time, suggesting minimal long-term effects from repeated hurricane disturbance. Nitrate concentration, however, increased about threefold in response to hurricanes then returned to baseline over several years following a pseudo first-order decay pattern. The combined data sets provide insight about important hydrologic pathways, a long-term perspective to assess response to hurricanes, and a framework to evaluate future climate change in tropical ecosystems.
C1 [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA.
[McDowell, William H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Stallard, Robert F.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA.
EM jshanley@usgs.gov; bill.mcdowell@unh.edu; stallard@usgs.gov
RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010
OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608; McDowell,
William/0000-0002-8739-9047
FU NSF [DEB-0620919, DEB-0816727, DEB-0108385]; USGS; USDA Forest Service
IITF; University of Puerto Rico ITES
FX We acknowledge Jeff Merriam and Jody Potter for lab and data help and
John Bithorn and Miriam Salgado for sampling help. Reviews by Andy
Kurtz, Martha Scholl, and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the
paper. Funding for this work came in part from NSF LTER DEB-0620919, NSF
OPUS DEB-0816727, and NSF DEB-0108385. We also appreciate support from
the USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program, USDA
Forest Service IITF, and University of Puerto Rico ITES.
NR 57
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 3
U2 30
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUL 9
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W07515
DI 10.1029/2010WR009788
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 790TP
UT WOS:000292612400001
ER
PT J
AU Simberloff, D
Alexander, J
Allendorf, F
Aronson, J
Antunes, PM
Bacher, S
Bardgett, R
Bertolino, S
Bishop, M
Blackburn, TM
Blakeslee, A
Blumenthal, D
Bortolus, A
Buckley, R
Buckley, Y
Byers, J
Callaway, RM
Campbell, F
Campbell, K
Campbell, M
Carlton, JT
Cassey, P
Catford, J
Celesti-Grapow, L
Chapman, J
Clark, P
Clewell, A
Clode, JC
Chang, A
Chytry, M
Clout, M
Cohen, A
Cowan, P
Cowie, RH
Crall, AW
Crooks, J
Deveney, M
Dixon, K
Dobbs, FC
Duffy, DC
Duncan, R
Ehrlich, PR
Eldredge, L
Evenhuis, N
Fausch, KD
Feldhaar, H
Firn, J
Fowler, A
Galil, B
Garcia-Berthou, E
Geller, J
Genovesi, P
Gerber, E
Gherardi, F
Gollasch, S
Gordon, D
Graham, J
Gribben, P
Griffen, B
Grosholz, ED
Hewitt, C
Hierro, JL
Hulme, P
Hutchings, P
Jarosik, V
Jeschke, JM
Johnson, C
Johnson, L
Johnston, EL
Jones, CG
Keller, R
King, CM
Knols, BGJ
Kollmann, J
Kompas, T
Kotanen, PM
Kowarik, I
Kuhn, I
Kumschick, S
Leung, B
Liebhold, A
MacIsaac, H
Mack, R
McCullough, DG
McDonald, R
Merritt, DM
Meyerson, L
Minchin, D
Mooney, HA
Morisette, JT
Moyle, P
Heinz, MS
Murray, BR
Nehring, S
Nelson, W
Nentwig, W
Novak, SJ
Occhipinti, A
Ojaveer, H
Osborne, B
Ostfeld, RS
Parker, J
Pederson, J
Pergl, J
Phillips, ML
Pysek, P
Rejmanek, M
Ricciardi, A
Ricotta, C
Richardson, D
Rilov, G
Ritchie, E
Robertson, PA
Roman, J
Ruiz, G
Schaefer, H
Schaffelke, B
Schierenbeck, KA
Schmitz, DC
Schwindt, E
Seeb, J
Smith, LD
Smith, GF
Stohlgren, T
Strayer, DL
Strong, D
Sutherland, WJ
Therriault, T
Thuiller, W
Torchin, M
van der Putten, WH
Vila, M
Von Holle, B
Wallentinus, I
Wardle, D
Williamson, M
Wilson, J
Winter, M
Wolfe, LM
Wright, J
Wonham, M
Zabin, C
AF Simberloff, Daniel
Alexander, Jake
Allendorf, Fred
Aronson, James
Antunes, Pedro M.
Bacher, Sven
Bardgett, Richard
Bertolino, Sandro
Bishop, Melanie
Blackburn, Tim M.
Blakeslee, April
Blumenthal, Dana
Bortolus, Alejandro
Buckley, Ralf
Buckley, Yvonne
Byers, Jeb
Callaway, Ragan M.
Campbell, Faith
Campbell, Karl
Campbell, Marnie
Carlton, James T.
Cassey, Phillip
Catford, Jane
Celesti-Grapow, Laura
Chapman, John
Clark, Paul
Clewell, Andre
Clode, Joao Canning
Chang, Andrew
Chytry, Milan
Clout, Mick
Cohen, Andrew
Cowan, Phil
Cowie, Robert H.
Crall, Alycia W.
Crooks, Jeff
Deveney, Marty
Dixon, Kingsley
Dobbs, Fred C.
Duffy, David Cameron
Duncan, Richard
Ehrlich, Paul R.
Eldredge, Lucius
Evenhuis, Neal
Fausch, Kurt D.
Feldhaar, Heike
Firn, Jennifer
Fowler, Amy
Galil, Bella
Garcia-Berthou, Emili
Geller, Jonathan
Genovesi, Piero
Gerber, Esther
Gherardi, Francesca
Gollasch, Stephan
Gordon, Doria
Graham, Jim
Gribben, Paul
Griffen, Blaine
Grosholz, Edwin D.
Hewitt, Chad
Hierro, Jose L.
Hulme, Philip
Hutchings, Pat
Jarosik, Vojtech
Jeschke, Jonathan M.
Johnson, Chris
Johnson, Ladd
Johnston, Emma L.
Jones, Carl G.
Keller, Reuben
King, Carolyn M.
Knols, Bart G. J.
Kollmann, Johannes
Kompas, Thomas
Kotanen, Peter M.
Kowarik, Ingo
Kuehn, Ingolf
Kumschick, Sabrina
Leung, Brian
Liebhold, Andrew
MacIsaac, Hugh
Mack, Richard
McCullough, Deborah G.
McDonald, Robbie
Merritt, David M.
Meyerson, Laura
Minchin, Dan
Mooney, Harold A.
Morisette, Jeffrey T.
Moyle, Peter
Heinz, Mueller-Schaerer
Murray, Brad R.
Nehring, Stefan
Nelson, Wendy
Nentwig, Wolfgang
Novak, Stephen J.
Occhipinti, Anna
Ojaveer, Henn
Osborne, Bruce
Ostfeld, Richard S.
Parker, John
Pederson, Judith
Pergl, Jan
Phillips, Megan L.
Pysek, Petr
Rejmanek, Marcel
Ricciardi, Anthony
Ricotta, Carlo
Richardson, David
Rilov, Gil
Ritchie, Euan
Robertson, Peter A.
Roman, Joe
Ruiz, Gregory
Schaefer, Hanno
Schaffelke, Britta
Schierenbeck, Kristina A.
Schmitz, Don C.
Schwindt, Evangelina
Seeb, Jim
Smith, L. David
Smith, Gideon F.
Stohlgren, Thomas
Strayer, David L.
Strong, Donald
Sutherland, William J.
Therriault, Thomas
Thuiller, Wilfried
Torchin, Mark
van der Putten, Wim H.
Vila, Montserrat
Von Holle, Betsy
Wallentinus, Inger
Wardle, David
Williamson, Mark
Wilson, John
Winter, Marten
Wolfe, Lorne M.
Wright, Jeff
Wonham, Marjorie
Zabin, Chela
CA 141 Signatories
TI Non-natives: 141 scientists object
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Simberloff, Daniel] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Alexander, Jake] Inst Integrat Biol, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Allendorf, Fred; Callaway, Ragan M.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT USA.
[Aronson, James] CEFE CNRS, Montpellier, France.
[Antunes, Pedro M.] Algoma Univ, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada.
[Bacher, Sven; Heinz, Mueller-Schaerer] Univ Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
[Bardgett, Richard] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England.
[Bertolino, Sandro] Univ Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
[Bishop, Melanie] Macquarie Univ, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Blackburn, Tim M.] Zool Soc London, London, England.
[Blakeslee, April; Clode, Joao Canning; Chang, Andrew; Fowler, Amy; Griffen, Blaine; Parker, John; Ruiz, Gregory; Zabin, Chela] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD USA.
[Blumenthal, Dana] USDA Agr Res Service, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Bortolus, Alejandro; Schwindt, Evangelina] Ctr Nacl Patagonico CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
[Buckley, Ralf] Griffith Univ, Southport, Qld, Australia.
[Buckley, Yvonne] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia.
[Buckley, Yvonne] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, St Lucia, Qld, Australia.
[Byers, Jeb] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA USA.
[Campbell, Faith] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA.
[Campbell, Karl] Island Conservat, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Campbell, Marnie; Hewitt, Chad] Cent Queensland Univ, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia.
[Carlton, James T.] Williams Coll Mystic Seaport, Mystic, CT USA.
[Cassey, Phillip] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
[Catford, Jane] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Celesti-Grapow, Laura; Ricotta, Carlo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
[Chapman, John] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA.
[Clark, Paul] Nat Hist Museum, London, England.
[Clewell, Andre] Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL USA.
[Chytry, Milan] Masaryk Univ, Brno, Czech Republic.
[Clout, Mick] Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
[Cohen, Andrew] Ctr Res Aquat Bioinvas, Richmond, CA USA.
[Cowan, Phil] Landcare Res, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
[Cowie, Robert H.; Duffy, David Cameron] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Crall, Alycia W.; Fausch, Kurt D.; Graham, Jim; Kumschick, Sabrina; Stohlgren, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Crooks, Jeff] Tijuana River Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Imperial Beach, CA USA.
[Deveney, Marty] S Australian Aquat Sci Ctr, West Beach, Australia.
[Dixon, Kingsley] Kings Pk & Bot Gardens, Perth, WA 6005, Australia.
[Dobbs, Fred C.] Old Domin Univ, Norfolk, VA USA.
[Duncan, Richard; Hulme, Philip] Lincoln Univ, Lincoln, New Zealand.
[Ehrlich, Paul R.; Mooney, Harold A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA USA.
[Eldredge, Lucius; Evenhuis, Neal] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Feldhaar, Heike] Univ Osnabruck, Osnabruck, Germany.
[Firn, Jennifer] Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Galil, Bella] Natl Inst Oceanog, Haifa, Israel.
[Garcia-Berthou, Emili] Univ Girona, Girona, Spain.
[Geller, Jonathan] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA USA.
[Genovesi, Piero] Italian Natl Inst Environm Protect & Res, Rome, Italy.
[Gerber, Esther] CABI Europe, Delemont, Switzerland.
[Gherardi, Francesca] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy.
[Gordon, Doria] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Gribben, Paul; Murray, Brad R.; Phillips, Megan L.] Univ Technol Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Grosholz, Edwin D.; Moyle, Peter; Rejmanek, Marcel; Strong, Donald] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA.
[Hierro, Jose L.] Univ Nacl La Pampa, CONICET, La Pampa, Argentina.
[Hutchings, Pat] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Jarosik, Vojtech] Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
[Johnson, Chris] Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
[Johnson, Ladd] Univ Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
[Johnston, Emma L.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Jones, Carl G.] Durrell Wildlife Conservat Trust, Trinity, Jersey, England.
[Keller, Reuben] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
[King, Carolyn M.] Univ Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
[Knols, Bart G. J.] Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Knols, Bart G. J.] K&S Consulting, Dodewaard, Netherlands.
[Jeschke, Jonathan M.; Kollmann, Johannes] Tech Univ Munich, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany.
[Kompas, Thomas] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Kotanen, Peter M.] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
[Kowarik, Ingo] Tech Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
[Kuehn, Ingolf; Winter, Marten] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Halle, Germany.
[Leung, Brian; Ricciardi, Anthony] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Liebhold, Andrew] USDA Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA.
[MacIsaac, Hugh] Univ Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
[Mack, Richard] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA USA.
[McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI USA.
[McDonald, Robbie] Food & Environm Res Agcy, Dept Environm Food & Rural Affairs, Stonehouse, England.
[Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Meyerson, Laura] Univ Rhode Island, Kingston, RI USA.
[Minchin, Dan] Marine Organism Investigat, Killaloe, Ireland.
[Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Nehring, Stefan] Bundesamt Naturschutz, Bonn, Germany.
[Nelson, Wendy] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Nentwig, Wolfgang] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
[Novak, Stephen J.] Boise State Univ, Boise, ID USA.
[Occhipinti, Anna] Univ Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
[Ojaveer, Henn] Univ Tartu, Parnu, Estonia.
[Osborne, Bruce] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
[Ostfeld, Richard S.; Strayer, David L.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA.
[Pergl, Jan; Pysek, Petr] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Pruhonice, Czech Republic.
[Richardson, David; Wilson, John] Stellenbosch Univ, Matieland, South Africa.
[Rilov, Gil] Natl Inst Oceanog, Haifa, Israel.
[Ritchie, Euan] Deakin Univ, Burwood, Vic, Australia.
[Robertson, Peter A.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, York, N Yorkshire, England.
[Roman, Joe] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA.
[Schaefer, Hanno] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Schaffelke, Britta] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
[Schierenbeck, Kristina A.] Calif State Univ, Chico, CA USA.
[Schmitz, Don C.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL USA.
[Seeb, Jim] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA.
[Smith, L. David] Smith Coll, Northampton, MA USA.
[Smith, Gideon F.] Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
[Sutherland, William J.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
[Therriault, Thomas] Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.
[Thuiller, Wilfried] Univ Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France.
[Torchin, Mark] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama.
[van der Putten, Wim H.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Vila, Montserrat] Estac Biol Donana, Seville, Spain.
[Von Holle, Betsy] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL USA.
[Wallentinus, Inger] Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Wardle, David] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Umea, Sweden.
[Williamson, Mark] Univ York, York, N Yorkshire, England.
[Wolfe, Lorne M.] Georgia So Univ, Statesboro, GA USA.
[Wright, Jeff] Univ Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.
[Wonham, Marjorie] Quest Univ, Squamish, BC, Canada.
RP Simberloff, D (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM dsimberloff@utk.edu
RI Richardson, David/A-1495-2008; Wardle, David/F-6031-2011; Antunes,
Pedro/C-2949-2008; THUILLER, Wilfried/G-3283-2010; Nentwig,
Wolfgang/A-6624-2011; McDonald, Robbie/A-2931-2012; Wilson,
John/B-4101-2008; Jeschke, Jonathan/A-2707-2008; Pysek,
Petr/B-1957-2012; Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; van der Putten,
Wim/C-3707-2011; Garcia-Berthou, Emili/A-5392-2008; Canning Clode,
Joao/G-5142-2011; Hulme, Philip/F-7454-2011; Blumenthal,
Dana/J-3106-2012; Meyerson, Laura/K-9013-2012; Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010;
Sutherland, William/B-1291-2013; Buckley, Yvonne/B-1281-2008; Duncan,
Richard/E-7899-2013; Robertson, Peter/H-1614-2013; Meyerson,
Laura/D-4487-2013; Hewitt, Chad/C-4460-2008; Strayer, David/H-3788-2011;
Catford, Jane/B-9578-2012; Pergl, Jan/H-1071-2011; Johnston,
Emma/B-7210-2009; Mueller-Schaerer, Heinz/H-5277-2011; Bacher,
Sven/F-5431-2010; Ricciardi, Anthony/A-8536-2010; Vila,
Montserrat/D-9339-2013; Winter, Marten/E-7979-2011; Kollmann,
Johannes/B-4255-2012; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Chang,
Andrew/J-8058-2016; Ojaveer, Henn/K-2160-2016; Chytry,
Milan/J-4954-2012; Celesti, Laura/R-3615-2016; Kuhn, Ingolf /B-9756-2009
OI Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297; Wardle,
David/0000-0002-0476-7335; THUILLER, Wilfried/0000-0002-5388-5274;
McDonald, Robbie/0000-0002-6922-3195; Wilson, John/0000-0003-0174-3239;
Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; van der Putten,
Wim/0000-0002-9341-4442; Garcia-Berthou, Emili/0000-0001-8412-741X;
Canning Clode, Joao/0000-0003-2143-6535; Hulme,
Philip/0000-0001-5712-0474; Buckley, Yvonne/0000-0001-7599-3201; Duncan,
Richard/0000-0003-2295-449X; Robertson, Peter/0000-0003-1567-8677;
Hewitt, Chad/0000-0002-6859-6512; Catford, Jane/0000-0003-0582-5960;
Pergl, Jan/0000-0002-0045-1974; Johnston, Emma/0000-0002-2117-366X;
Bacher, Sven/0000-0001-5147-7165; Vila, Montserrat/0000-0003-3171-8261;
Winter, Marten/0000-0002-9593-7300; Kollmann,
Johannes/0000-0002-4990-3636; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602;
Chang, Andrew/0000-0002-7870-285X; Ojaveer, Henn/0000-0003-2742-6063;
Chytry, Milan/0000-0002-8122-3075; Celesti, Laura/0000-0002-9533-6919;
Kuhn, Ingolf /0000-0003-1691-8249
NR 0
TC 74
Z9 76
U1 16
U2 444
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD JUL 7
PY 2011
VL 475
IS 7354
BP 36
EP 36
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 788RE
UT WOS:000292461300028
PM 21734689
ER
PT J
AU Wang, YS
DeAngelis, DL
AF Wang, Yuanshi
DeAngelis, Donald L.
TI Transitions of interaction outcomes in a uni-directional
consumer-resource system
SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Population dynamics; Consumer-resource system; Interaction outcomes;
Mutualism; Parasitism
ID POPULATION INTERACTIONS; FRUIT ABORTION; MUTUALISM; DYNAMICS; PREDATION;
DISPERSAL; PLANT; MICE
AB A uni-directional consumer-resource system of two species is analyzed. Our aim is to understand the mechanisms that determine how the interaction outcomes depend on the context of the interaction; that is, on the model parameters. The dynamic behavior of the model is described and, in particular, it is demonstrated that no periodic orbits exist. Then the parameter (factor) space is shown to be divided into four regions, which correspond to the four forms of interaction outcomes; i.e. mutualism, commensalism, parasitism and amensalism. It is shown that the interaction outcomes of the system transition smoothly among these four forms when the parameters of the system are varied continuously. Varying each parameter individually or varying pairs of parameters can also lead to smooth transitions between the interaction outcomes. The analysis leads to both conditions for which each species achieves its maximal density, and situations in which periodic oscillations of the interaction outcomes emerge. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Yuanshi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
RP Wang, YS (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
EM mcswys@mail.sysu.edu.cn
FU SRF for ROCS, SEM; NSKF of PR China [60736028]; U.S. Geological Survey
Southeastern Ecological Science Center
FX We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their careful
reading, helpful comments and suggestions that really helped us to
improve the presentation of the paper. This work was in part supported
by SRF for ROCS, SEM and NSKF of PR China (No. 60736028). D.L. DeAngelis
acknowledges the support of the U.S. Geological Survey Southeastern
Ecological Science Center.
NR 23
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 11
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0022-5193
J9 J THEOR BIOL
JI J. Theor. Biol.
PD JUL 7
PY 2011
VL 280
IS 1
BP 43
EP 49
DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.03.038
PG 7
WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational
Biology
GA 774FR
UT WOS:000291371100005
PM 21501626
ER
PT J
AU Crumpler, LS
Arvidson, RE
Squyres, SW
McCoy, T
Yingst, A
Ruff, S
Farrand, W
McSween, Y
Powell, M
Ming, DW
Morris, RV
Bell, JF
Grant, J
Greeley, R
DesMarais, D
Schmidt, M
Cabrol, NA
Haldemann, A
Lewis, KW
Wang, AE
Schroder, C
Blaney, D
Cohen, B
Yen, A
Farmer, J
Gellert, R
Guinness, EA
Herkenhoff, KE
Johnson, JR
Klingelhofer, G
McEwen, A
Rice, JW
Rice, M
deSouza, P
Hurowitz, J
AF Crumpler, L. S.
Arvidson, R. E.
Squyres, S. W.
McCoy, T.
Yingst, A.
Ruff, S.
Farrand, W.
McSween, Y.
Powell, M.
Ming, D. W.
Morris, R. V.
Bell, J. F., III
Grant, J.
Greeley, R.
DesMarais, D.
Schmidt, M.
Cabrol, N. A.
Haldemann, A.
Lewis, Kevin W.
Wang, A. E.
Schroeder, C.
Blaney, D.
Cohen, B.
Yen, A.
Farmer, J.
Gellert, R.
Guinness, E. A.
Herkenhoff, K. E.
Johnson, J. R.
Klingelhoefer, G.
McEwen, A.
Rice, J. W., Jr.
Rice, M.
deSouza, P.
Hurowitz, J.
TI Field reconnaissance geologic mapping of the Columbia Hills, Mars, based
on Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and MRO HiRISE observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID GUSEV CRATER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ROCK-VARNISH; LOCALIZATION;
SPECTROMETER; SOILS
AB Chemical, mineralogic, and lithologic ground truth was acquired for the first time on Mars in terrain units mapped using orbital Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (MRO HiRISE) image data. Examination of several dozen outcrops shows that Mars is geologically complex at meter length scales, the record of its geologic history is well exposed, stratigraphic units may be identified and correlated across significant areas on the ground, and outcrops and geologic relationships between materials may be analyzed with techniques commonly employed in terrestrial field geology. Despite their burial during the course of Martian geologic time by widespread epiclastic materials, mobile fines, and fall deposits, the selective exhumation of deep and well-preserved geologic units has exposed undisturbed outcrops, stratigraphic sections, and structural information much as they are preserved and exposed on Earth. A rich geologic record awaits skilled future field investigators on Mars. The correlation of ground observations and orbital images enables construction of a corresponding geologic reconnaissance map. Most of the outcrops visited are interpreted to be pyroclastic, impactite, and epiclastic deposits overlying an unexposed substrate, probably related to a modified Gusev crater central peak. Fluids have altered chemistry and mineralogy of these protoliths in degrees that vary substantially within the same map unit. Examination of the rocks exposed above and below the major unconformity between the plains lavas and the Columbia Hills directly confirms the general conclusion from remote sensing in previous studies over past years that the early history of Mars was a time of more intense deposition and modification of the surface. Although the availability of fluids and the chemical and mineral activity declined from this early period, significant later volcanism and fluid convection enabled additional, if localized, chemical activity.
C1 [Arvidson, R. E.; Wang, A. E.; Guinness, E. A.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Squyres, S. W.; Bell, J. F., III; Rice, M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Powell, M.; Blaney, D.; Yen, A.; Hurowitz, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[DesMarais, D.; Cabrol, N. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Cohen, B.] NASA, Marshall Spaceflight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[deSouza, P.] CSIRO, Tasmanian ICT Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
[Farrand, W.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
[McCoy, T.; Grant, J.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA.
[Ruff, S.; Greeley, R.; Farmer, J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Haldemann, A.] ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Johnson, J. R.; Klingelhoefer, G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
[Lewis, Kevin W.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[McEwen, A.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[McSween, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Ming, D. W.; Morris, R. V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Rice, J. W., Jr.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Yingst, A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Crumpler, L. S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA.
[Schroeder, C.] Univ Bayreuth, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany.
Univ Bayreuth, Tubingen, Germany.
[Schroeder, C.] Univ Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany.
RP Crumpler, LS (reprint author), New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, 1801 Mt Rd NW, Albuquerque, NM USA.
EM larry.crumpler@state.nm.us
RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Lewis,
Kevin/E-5557-2012; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015
OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Schroder,
Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039;
FU NASA
FX This work was supported by the Mars Exploration Rover mission project
through contracts with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, sponsored by NASA. The Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) is supported
by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project through the NASA contract to
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.
NR 91
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD JUL 6
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00F24
DI 10.1029/2010JE003749
PG 55
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 790TY
UT WOS:000292613300001
ER
PT J
AU Redman, RS
Kim, YO
Woodward, CJDA
Greer, C
Espino, L
Doty, SL
Rodriguez, RJ
AF Redman, Regina S.
Kim, Yong Ok
Woodward, Claire J. D. A.
Greer, Chris
Espino, Luis
Doty, Sharon L.
Rodriguez, Rusty J.
TI Increased Fitness of Rice Plants to Abiotic Stress Via Habitat Adapted
Symbiosis: A Strategy for Mitigating Impacts of Climate Change
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID MONOCOT-DICOT DIVERGENCE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PIRIFORMOSPORA-INDICA;
TOLERANCE; GROWTH; CONSTRAINTS; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION;
PHENOLOGY
AB Climate change and catastrophic events have contributed to rice shortages in several regions due to decreased water availability and soil salinization. Although not adapted to salt or drought stress, two commercial rice varieties achieved tolerance to these stresses by colonizing them with Class 2 fungal endophytes isolated from plants growing across moisture and salinity gradients. Plant growth and development, water usage, ROS sensitivity and osmolytes were measured with and without stress under controlled conditions. The endophytes conferred salt, drought and cold tolerance to growth chamber and greenhouse grown plants. Endophytes reduced water consumption by 20-30% and increased growth rate, reproductive yield, and biomass of greenhouse grown plants. In the absence of stress, there was no apparent cost of the endophytes to plants, however, endophyte colonization decreased from 100% at planting to 65% compared to greenhouse plants grown under continual stress (maintained 100% colonization). These findings indicate that rice plants can exhibit enhanced stress tolerance via symbiosis with Class 2 endophytes, and suggest that symbiotic technology may be useful in mitigating impacts of climate change on other crops and expanding agricultural production onto marginal lands.
C1 [Redman, Regina S.; Kim, Yong Ok; Woodward, Claire J. D. A.; Doty, Sharon L.; Rodriguez, Rusty J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[Redman, Regina S.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Redman, Regina S.; Kim, Yong Ok; Woodward, Claire J. D. A.; Rodriguez, Rusty J.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Greer, Chris] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Yuba City, CA USA.
[Espino, Luis] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Colusa, CA USA.
RP Redman, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
EM redmanr@u.washington.edu
OI Doty, Sharon/0000-0002-9546-315X
FU California Rice Research Board [RM-6]; United States Geological Survey;
National Science Foundation [0414463]; United States-Israel Binational
Agricultural Research and Development Fund [3260-01C]
FX This project was made possible by the permission, assistance, and
guidelines of Yellowstone National Park and the University of Washington
Cedar Rocks Biological Preserve. This work was supported by the
California Rice Research Board (RM-6; 2007, 2008, 2009), United States
Geological Survey, and support funding from the National Science
Foundation (0414463) and United States-Israel Binational Agricultural
Research and Development Fund (3260-01C). The funders had no role in
study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 46
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U1 14
U2 128
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUL 5
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 7
AR e14823
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014823
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 789JO
UT WOS:000292512000002
PM 21750695
ER
PT J
AU Till, JL
Jackson, MJ
Rosenbaum, JG
Solheid, P
AF Till, J. L.
Jackson, M. J.
Rosenbaum, J. G.
Solheid, P.
TI Magnetic properties in an ash flow tuff with continuous grain size
variation: A natural reference for magnetic particle granulometry
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE magnetic domains; superparamagnetism; volcanic glass
ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; REMANENT MAGNETIZATION; HYSTERESIS PROPERTIES;
DEPENDENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CRYSTALS; NEVADA; TITANOMAGNETITE; FIELD
AB The Tiva Canyon Tuff contains dispersed nanoscale Fe-Ti-oxide grains with a narrow magnetic grain size distribution, making it an ideal material in which to identify and study grain-size-sensitive magnetic behavior in rocks. A detailed magnetic characterization was performed on samples from the basal 5 m of the tuff. The magnetic materials in this basal section consist primarily of (low-impurity) magnetite in the form of elongated submicron grains exsolved from volcanic glass. Magnetic properties studied include bulk magnetic susceptibility, frequency-dependent and temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanence acquisition, and hysteresis properties. The combined data constitute a distinct magnetic signature at each stratigraphic level in the section corresponding to different grain size distributions. The inferred magnetic domain state changes progressively upward from superparamagnetic grains near the base to particles with pseudo-single-domain or metastable single-domain characteristics near the top of the sampled section. Direct observations of magnetic grain size confirm that distinct transitions in room temperature magnetic susceptibility and remanence probably denote the limits of stable single-domain behavior in the section. These results provide a unique example of grain-size-dependent magnetic properties in noninteracting particle assemblages over three decades of grain size, including close approximations of ideal Stoner-Wohlfarth assemblages, and may be considered a useful reference for future rock magnetic studies involving grain-size-sensitive properties.
C1 [Till, J. L.; Jackson, M. J.; Solheid, P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Rosenbaum, J. G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Till, JL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, 310 Pillsbury Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
EM tillx010@umn.edu
RI Jackson, Mike/G-1587-2013; Till, Jessica L/G-7328-2014
OI Jackson, Mike/0000-0003-4778-7157; Till, Jessica L/0000-0002-6982-6973
FU Earth Science Division of the National Science Foundation [0218384,
0317922]
FX The authors thank G. Skipp and J. Honke for assistance with field work.
A. Roberts, L. Chang, M. Hudson, and R. Reynolds are thanked for
providing helpful and constructive reviews of this manuscript. This work
was supported by grants 0218384 and 0317922 from the Instruments and
Facilities Program of the Earth Science Division of the National Science
Foundation. The National Science Foundation also provided an REU
opportunity in conjunction with this project. This is IRM contribution
1007.
NR 32
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U1 5
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD JUL 2
PY 2011
VL 12
AR Q07Z26
DI 10.1029/2011GC003648
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 787ML
UT WOS:000292380600001
ER
PT J
AU Hossack, BR
Newell, RL
Ruiter, DE
AF Hossack, Blake R.
Newell, Robert L.
Ruiter, David E.
TI New collection records and range extension for the caddisfly Arctopora
salmon (Smith, 1969) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)
SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
[Hossack, Blake R.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA
94103-3009 USA
SN 0031-0603
J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL
JI Pan-Pacific Entomol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 87
IS 3
BP 206
EP 208
PG 3
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 876XJ
UT WOS:000299140800009
ER
PT J
AU Douglas, MR
Slyn'ko, YV
Kohl, S
Lane, CR
Slyn'ko, EE
Douglas, ME
AF Douglas, Marlis R.
Slyn'ko, Yuriy V.
Kohl, Steven
Lane, Charles R.
Slyn'ko, Elena E.
Douglas, Michael E.
TI Crossroad Blues: An Intersection of Rivers, Wetlands, and Public Policy
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION
C1 [Douglas, Marlis R.; Douglas, Michael E.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Slyn'ko, Yuriy V.; Slyn'ko, Elena E.; Douglas, Michael E.] Russian Acad Sci, ID Papanin Inst Biol Inland Waters, Lab Evolutionary Ecol, Borok, Russia.
[Kohl, Steven] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Int Conservat Div, Russia E Asia Branch, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
[Lane, Charles R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Douglas, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
OI Slynko, Elena/0000-0003-1261-1100; Douglas, Michael/0000-0001-9670-7825
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 36
IS 7
BP 337
EP 339
PG 3
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 836UC
UT WOS:000296137300004
ER
PT J
AU James, DA
AF James, Daniel A.
TI Student Angle: The Academic Road Less Traveled
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SECTION; AFS
C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, USGS Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
RP James, DA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, USGS Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM Daniel.James@sdstate.edu
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 36
IS 7
BP 351
EP 352
PG 2
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 836UC
UT WOS:000296137300006
ER
PT J
AU Pidlisecky, A
Haines, SS
AF Pidlisecky, Adam
Haines, Seth S.
TI A Bayesian approach for determining velocity and uncertainty estimates
from seismic cone penetrometer testing or vertical seismic profiling
data
SO CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE seismic cone penetrometer testing (SCPT); shear-wave velocity (V(s));
cone penetrometer testing (CPT); Bayesian inversion; shear velocity;
shear modulus
ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; TRAVELTIME INVERSION; INTERVAL VELOCITIES; VSP
DATA; TOMOGRAPHY
AB Conventional processing methods for seismic cone penetrometer data present several shortcomings, most notably the absence of a robust velocity model uncertainty estimate. We propose a new seismic cone penetrometer testing (SCPT) data-processing approach that employs Bayesian methods to map measured data errors into quantitative estimates of model uncertainty. We first calculate travel-time differences for all permutations of seismic trace pairs. That is, we cross-correlate each trace at each measurement location with every trace at every other measurement location to determine travel-time differences that are not biased by the choice of any particular reference trace and to thoroughly characterize data error. We calculate a forward operator that accounts for the different ray paths for each measurement location, including refraction at layer boundaries. We then use a Bayesian inversion scheme to obtain the most likely slowness (the reciprocal of velocity) and a distribution of probable slowness values for each model layer. The result is a velocity model that is based on correct ray paths, with uncertainty bounds that are based on the data error.
C1 [Pidlisecky, Adam] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Haines, Seth S.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Pidlisecky, A (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, 2500 Univ Dr NW,Earth Sci Bldg 130, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
EM adampid@ucalgary.ca
FU Schlumberger Water Services
FX The authors are grateful to Brian Lockwood, Mary Bannister, and others
from the Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency and to Jonathan Lear of
the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District for their assistance
and cooperation with this work. The authors also thank Thomas Holzer,
Fred Day-Lewis, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions
that have improved this manuscript. Acquisition of the field data was
funded through a grant to Rosemary Knight from Schlumberger Water
Services.
NR 25
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U1 0
U2 3
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-3674
J9 CAN GEOTECH J
JI Can. Geotech. J.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 7
BP 1061
EP 1069
DI 10.1139/T11-012
PG 9
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 832GE
UT WOS:000295790600006
ER
PT J
AU Amos, RT
Bekins, BA
Delin, GN
Cozzarelli, IM
Blowes, DW
Kirshtein, JD
AF Amos, Richard T.
Bekins, Barbara A.
Delin, Geoffrey N.
Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.
Blowes, David W.
Kirshtein, Julie D.
TI Methane oxidation in a crude oil contaminated aquifer: Delineation of
aerobic reactions at the plume fringes
SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Methane oxidation; Natural attenuation; Direct push profiling; Gas
bubble entrapment; Dissolved gases
ID NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; SPILL SITE; BIOGEOCHEMICAL GRADIENTS;
ISOTOPE RATIOS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SHALLOW SAND; WATER; GROUNDWATER;
STREAMS; SYSTEM
AB High resolution direct-push profiling over short vertical distances was used to investigate CH(4) attenuation in a petroleum contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. The contaminant plume was delineated using dissolved gases, redox sensitive components, major ions, carbon isotope ratios in CH(4) and CO(2), and the presence of methanotrophic bacteria. Sharp redox gradients were observed near the water table. Shifts in delta(13)C(CH4) from an average of -57.6% (+/- 1.7 parts per thousand) in the methanogenic zone to -39.6 parts per thousand (+/- 8.7 parts per thousand) at 105 m downgradient, strongly suggest CH(4) attenuation through microbially mediated degradation. In the downgradient zone the aerobic/anaerobic transition is up to 0.5 m below the water table suggesting that transport of O(2) across the water table is leading to aerobic degradation of CH(4) at this interface. Dissolved N(2) concentrations that exceeded those expected for water in equilibrium with the atmosphere indicated bubble entrapment followed by preferential stripping of O(2) through aerobic degradation of CH(4) or other hydrocarbons. Multivariate and cluster analysis were used to distinguish between areas of significant bubble entrapment and areas where other processes such as the infiltration of O(2) rich recharge water were important O(2) transport mechanisms. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Amos, Richard T.; Blowes, David W.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Delin, Geoffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.; Kirshtein, Julie D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Amos, RT (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
EM ramos@scimail.uwaterloo.ca; babekins@usgs.gov; delin@usgs.gov;
icozzare@usgs.gov; blowes@uwaterloo.ca; jkirshte@usgs.gov
OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007
FU NSERC; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program;
National Research Program
FX Funding for this research was provided by an NSERC post-doctoral
fellowship awarded to R.T. Amos, and an NSERC Discovery grant held by
D.W. Blowes. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological
Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and National Research Program.
We would further like to thank Wally Larson and John Greene of the USGS,
and Kelly Stafford of the University of Waterloo for their efforts in
the field.
NR 50
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U1 1
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-7722
J9 J CONTAM HYDROL
JI J. Contam. Hydrol.
PD JUL 1
PY 2011
VL 125
IS 1-4
BP 13
EP 25
DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.04.003
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 834FR
UT WOS:000295945700002
PM 21612840
ER
PT J
AU Vogel, JR
Gilley, JE
Cottrell, GL
Woodbury, BL
Berry, ED
Eigenberg, RA
AF Vogel, J. R.
Gilley, J. E.
Cottrell, G. L.
Woodbury, B. L.
Berry, E. D.
Eigenberg, R. A.
TI TRANSPORT OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN RUNOFF FROM UNAMENDED AND POND-ASH
AMENDED FEEDLOT SURFACES
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE
LA English
DT Article
DE Feedlots; Manure runoff; Pond ash; Runoff; Trace elements; Water quality
ID AUSTRALIAN FLY ASHES; HEAVY-METALS; CATTLE FEEDLOT; RAINFALL SIMULATOR;
SPATIAL VARIATIONS; RANA-CATESBEIANA; COAL COMBUSTION; ORGANIC-MATTER;
PLOT-SCALE; SOIL
AB The use of pond ash (fly ash that has been placed in evaporative ponds for storage and subsequently dewatered) for feedlot surfaces provides a drier environment for livestock and furnishes economic benefits. However, pond ash is known to have high concentrations of trace elements, and the runoff water-quality effects of feedlot surfaces amended with pond ash are not well defined. For this study, two experimental units (plots) were established in eight feedlot pens. Four of the pens contained unamended soil surfaces, and the remaining four pens had pond-ash amended surfaces. Before each test, unconsolidated surface material was removed from four of the plots for each of the amendment treatments, resulting in eight unamended plots and eight pond-ash amended plots. Concentrations for 23 trace elements were measured in cattle feedlot surface material and in the runoff water from three simulated rainfall events. Trace element concentrations in surface material and runoff did not differ between surface consolidation treatments. Amending the feedlot surface material with pond ash resulted in a significant increase in concentration for 14 of the 17 trace elements. Runoff concentrations for 21 trace elements were affected by pond-ash amendment. Sixteen of 21 trace element concentrations that differed significantly were greater in runoff from unamended soil surfaces. Concentrations in runoff were significantly correlated with concentrations in feedlot surface material for boron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and uranium.
C1 [Vogel, J. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
[Gilley, J. E.] ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA.
[Cottrell, G. L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Woodbury, B. L.; Berry, E. D.; Eigenberg, R. A.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA.
RP Vogel, JR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
EM jason.vogel@okstate.edu
NR 58
TC 1
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U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 2151-0032
J9 T ASABE
JI Trans. ASABE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 54
IS 4
BP 1269
EP 1279
PG 11
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 830MY
UT WOS:000295662300009
ER
PT J
AU Portner, RA
Hendrix, MS
Stalker, JC
Miggins, DP
Sheriff, SD
AF Portner, Ryan A.
Hendrix, Marc S.
Stalker, Jeremy C.
Miggins, Dan P.
Sheriff, Steven D.
TI Sedimentary response to orogenic exhumation in the northern Rocky
Mountain Basin and Range province, Flint Creek basin, west-central
Montana
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; CABBAGE PATCH FAUNA; SUPRADETACHMENT BASIN;
SOUTHWESTERN MONTANA; NONMARINE MOLLUSKS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIFT BASINS;
EOCENE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; USA
AB Middle Eocene through Upper Miocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Flint Creek basin in western Montana accumulated during a period of significant paleoclimatic change and extension across the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province. Gravity modelling, borehole data, and geologic mapping from the Flint Creek basin indicate that subsidence was focused along an extensionally reactivated Sevier thrust fault, which accommodated up to 800 m of basin fill while relaying stress between the dextral transtensional Lewis and Clark lineament to the north and the Anaconda core complex to the south. Northwesterly paleocurrent indicators, foliated metamorphic lithics, 64 Ma (Ar-40/Ar-39) muscovite grains, and 76 Ma (U-Pb) zircons in a ca. 27 Ma arkosic sandstone are consistent with Oligocene exhumation and erosion of the Anaconda core complex. The core complex and volcanic and magmatic rocks in its hangingwall created an important drainage divide during the Paleogene shedding detritus to the NNW and ESE. Following a major period of Early Miocene tectonism and erosion, regional drainage networks were reorganized such that paleoflow in the Flint Creek basin flowed east into an internally drained saline lake system. Renewed tectonism during Middle to Late Miocene time reestablished a west-directed drainage that is recorded by fluvial strata within a Late Miocene paleovalley. These tectonic reorganizations and associated drainage divide explain observed discrepancies in provenance studies across the province. Regional correlation of unconformities and lithofacies mapping in the Flint Creek basin suggest that localized tectonism and relative base level fluctuations controlled lithostratigraphic architecture.
C1 [Portner, Ryan A.; Hendrix, Marc S.; Stalker, Jeremy C.; Sheriff, Steven D.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Miggins, Dan P.] USGS, Denver Argon Geochronol Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Portner, RA (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
EM ryan.a.portner@gmail.com
FU US Geological Service (USGS) [03HQA90061]; McDonough Scholarship
FX The authors would like to thank C. Christensen, A. Bondurant, N.
Harrison, A. Caruthers, D. Powledge, G. Thompson, P. Link, and L. Snee
for their assistance with laboratory and field analysis. The manuscript
was finalized after helpful reviews by L. Beranek and D. Rasmussen. M.
Colpron, P. van der Beek, A. Densmore, E. Anderson, and S. Mahan also
provided constructive reviews on an earlier version of the manuscript.
Support was provided by US Geological Service (USGS) EdMap grant No.
03HQA90061 to M. Hendrix and a McDonough Scholarship to R. Portner and
J. Stalker.
NR 117
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U1 2
U2 9
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4077
J9 CAN J EARTH SCI
JI Can. J. Earth Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 7
BP 1131
EP 1153
DI 10.1139/E10-107
PG 23
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 824LG
UT WOS:000295202800001
ER
PT J
AU Moore, JW
Hayes, SA
Duffy, W
Gallagher, S
Michel, CJ
Wright, D
AF Moore, Jonathan W.
Hayes, Sean A.
Duffy, Walter
Gallagher, Sean
Michel, Cyril J.
Wright, David
TI Nutrient fluxes and the recent collapse of coastal California salmon
populations
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE-DERIVED NUTRIENTS; PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER;
ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; FOOD WEBS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; RESIDENT
SALMONIDS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MARKED ANIMALS
AB Migratory salmon move nutrients both in and out of fresh waters during the different parts of their life cycle. We used a mass-balance approach to quantify recent changes in phosphorus (P) fluxes in six coastal California, USA, watersheds that have recently experienced dramatic decreases in salmon populations. As adults, semelparous Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon imported 8.3 and 10.4 times more P from the ocean, respectively, than they exported as smolts, while iteroparous steelhead (i.e., sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) imported only 1.6 times more than they exported as kelts and smolts. Semelparous species whose life histories led them to import more nutrients were also the species whose populations decreased the most dramatically in California in recent years. In addition, the relationship between import and export was nonlinear, with export being proportionally more important at lower levels of import. This pattern was driven by two density-dependent processes - smolts were larger and disproportionately more abundant at lower spawner abundances. In fact, in four of our six streams we found evidence that salmon can drive net export of P at low abundance, evidence for the reversal of the "conveyor belt" of nutrients.
C1 [Moore, Jonathan W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Hayes, Sean A.; Michel, Cyril J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Duffy, Walter] Humboldt State Univ, USGS Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Gallagher, Sean] Calif State Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA.
[Wright, David] Campbell Timberlands Management LLC, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA.
RP Moore, JW (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Res Grp Earth2Ocean, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
EM jwmoore@sfu.ca
FU California Fisheries Restoration Grant; NOAA Fisheries Santa Cruz;
University of California Santa Cruz
FX Too many individuals to mention by name from the following entities
helped collect data used in this study: California Department of Fish
and Game, Campbell Timberlands Management, NOAA Fisheries Santa Cruz,
and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission; be assured we value
your help. We specifically thank Scott Harris, Shaun Thompson, Wendy
Holloway, and Chris Hannon. Any use of trade names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government.
California Fisheries Restoration Grant Program funded much of the field
sampling, and NOAA Fisheries Santa Cruz and University of California
Santa Cruz provided financial support. We appreciate generously shared
insight from experts of steelhead biology, namely George Pess, Todd
Seamons, and Kent Mayer. We appreciate insightful comments from Dave
Beauchamp, Mark Novak, Corey Phillis, Daniel Schindler, Mark Wipfli, and
several anonymous reviewers on earlier drafts of this manuscript.
NR 61
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U1 1
U2 27
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 7
BP 1161
EP 1170
DI 10.1139/F2011-054
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 824EO
UT WOS:000295185400002
ER
PT J
AU Czesny, SJ
Rinchard, J
Hanson, SD
Dettmers, JM
Dabrowski, K
AF Czesny, Sergiusz J.
Rinchard, Jacques
Hanson, S. Dale
Dettmers, John M.
Dabrowski, Konrad
TI Fatty acid signatures of Lake Michigan prey fish and invertebrates:
among-species differences and spatiotemporal variability
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; LAURENTIAN
GREAT-LAKES; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS;
BENTHIC COMMUNITY; YELLOW PERCH; DYNAMICS; DIET
AB Lipid concentration and fatty acid composition of common prey species or taxonomic groups from four distinct regions of Lake Michigan were quantified (n = 894). We used a combination of parametric and nonparametric statistics to assess the differences in fatty acid signatures (FAS) among species and to evaluate intraspecies variation relative to interspecies variation in FAS. Discriminant function analysis performed on 13 species or taxa groups using the 18 most abundant fatty acids revealed clear separation among taxa, with overall classification success reaching 89%. Species were readily distinguished based on their overall fatty acid profile in spite of intraspecies variation (temporal, regional, and size-related). Among species sampled, pelagic and benthic clusters were formed based on the degree of fatty acid profile similarity. In alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), fatty acid compositions differed with fish size, sampling location, and temporal variation; however, the magnitude of these differences was small relative to differences between species. Our results demonstrate the utility of fatty acid signatures in studies of food webs in large freshwater ecosystems. This study is also a necessary first step toward development of mechanistic research that investigates the effects of variation in fatty acids within the prey base on top predators.
C1 [Czesny, Sergiusz J.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Lake Michigan Biol Stn, Zion, IL 60099 USA.
[Rinchard, Jacques] SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, Brockport, NY 14420 USA.
[Hanson, S. Dale] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA.
[Dettmers, John M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Dabrowski, Konrad] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Czesny, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Lake Michigan Biol Stn, 400 17th St, Zion, IL 60099 USA.
EM czesny@illinois.edu
FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Great Lakes Fishery Trust [292]
FX We thank Kyle Ware (The Ohio State University) and Linda Begnoche (USGS
- Great Lakes Science Center) for parts of the analysis. We also thank
Charles Madenjian and David Bunnell (USGS - Great Lakes Science Center)
for sample collection in MM3 management unit and the entire staff at the
Lake Michigan Biological Station for long hours in the field collecting
samples. Special thanks are extended to Deborah Lichti for database
maintenance and Sara Creque for technical help with the manuscript. This
study was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the Great
Lakes Fishery Trust Grant No. 292. The findings and conclusions in this
article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the
views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 56
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U1 7
U2 58
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 7
BP 1211
EP 1230
DI 10.1139/F2011-048
PG 20
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 824EO
UT WOS:000295185400006
ER
PT J
AU Lemons, PR
Sedinger, JS
Randle, PS
AF Lemons, Patrick R.
Sedinger, James S.
Randle, Pamela Svete
TI Detecting conspecific brood parasitism using egg morphology in black
brant Branta bernicla nigricans
SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INTRASPECIFIC NEST PARASITISM; GOLDENEYES BUCEPHALA-CLANGULA; COMMON
GOLDENEYE; AMERICAN COOTS; WOOD DUCKS; BIRDS; POPULATION; GEESE; HOST;
SIZE
AB Numerous methods have been proposed to indirectly detect conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) in birds. Egg morphology has been suggested as a predictor of parasitism, assuming that variation in egg size is greater among females than within females. Here we use microsatellite data to assess the use of egg morphology to detect CBP in a sample of black brant Branta bernicla nigricans nests. We attempted to repeat a previously demonstrated technique using cluster analysis and maximum Euclidean distance (MED) to detect parasitized nests within black brant. Additionally we attempted a new technique based on a discriminant function analysis of egg morphology in an attempt to detect brood parasitic eggs. When detecting parasitized nests using egg morphology, the cluster analysis revealed that the MED between the two most dissimilar eggs in each nest was significantly greater for parasitized nests than for non-parasitized nests (1.62 +/- 0.06 and 1.43 +/- 0.08, respectively). The extent of overlap in sizes of eggs between parasitized and non-parasitized nests, however, was such that we were unable to effectively identify parasitized nests. In most cases for each parasitized nest correctly identified, 3 non-parasitized nests were incorrectly identified as parasitic. When we attempted to detect parasitic eggs we found that parasitic eggs were more different from the expected egg volume than host eggs: mean absolute residual volume of parasitic eggs = 2.59 +/- 5.79 cm(3) while that for host eggs = 1.82 +/- 2.14 cm(3). Overall, we found that the discriminant function analysis was moderately effective in determining whether eggs belonged to the host female using a resubstitution technique (error rate = 9.71%) or a jackknife technique (error rate = 6.12%). Additionally, we found a higher but moderate error rate when using an independent data set to validate the function (error rate = 14.07%). In both cases, however, parasitic eggs accounted for most of the error and were not correctly classified 75%, 70% and 100% of the time respectively. We suggest when developing a predictive function for detecting conspecific brood parasitism based on egg morphology that an appropriate technique be used to validate the function, particularly those techniques that utilize unambiguous identifiers such as molecular and protein fingerprinting techniques.
C1 [Lemons, Patrick R.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Natl Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Randle, Pamela Svete] TRC Environm Corp, Houston, TX 77042 USA.
RP Lemons, PR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Drv, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA.
EM plemons@usgs.gov
FU Natl. Sci. Foundation [OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP
0196406]; Ducks Unlimited; black brant grp.; Sigma Xi; Dennis Raveling
Endowment; Nevada Agr. Exp. Station
FX This research was supported by the Natl. Sci. Foundation (OPP 9214970,
DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP 0196406), Ducks Unlimited, The black brant
grp., Sigma Xi, and The Dennis Raveling Endowment. Logistical support
provided by the Yukon Delta Natl. Wildl. Refuge. T. Barnett, E. Beers,
E. Carr, R. Clancy, G. Curtis, K. Degroot, Y. Kawaguchi, A. Nicolai, C.
Nicolai, J. Phillipsborn, C. Pylant, B. Sedinger, C. Stava, L. Valadez,
C. VanStratt, L. Walberg, and K. Wolfe all assisted in the field.
Molecular work was conducted through the Conserv. Gen. Centre and the
Nevada Genomics Centre at the Univ. of Nevada, Reno. We also thank
Veronica Kirchoff for help in the lab., and L. W. Oring, E. Z. Cameron,
S. B. Vander Wall, M. M. Peacock, J. M. Eadie and G. Gronstol for
valuable comments on a previous draft. This research was supported by
the Nevada Agr. Exp. Station.
NR 59
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Z9 5
U1 0
U2 21
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0908-8857
J9 J AVIAN BIOL
JI J. Avian Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 42
IS 4
BP 282
EP 288
DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05217.x
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 822MM
UT WOS:000295051800002
ER
PT J
AU Hupp, JW
Yamaguchi, N
Flint, PL
Pearce, JM
Tokita, K
Shimada, T
Ramey, AM
Kharitonov, S
Higuchi, H
AF Hupp, Jerry W.
Yamaguchi, Noriyuki
Flint, Paul L.
Pearce, John M.
Tokita, Ken-ichi
Shimada, Tetsuo
Ramey, Andrew M.
Kharitonov, Sergei
Higuchi, Hiroyoshi
TI Variation in spring migration routes and breeding distribution of
northern pintails Anas acuta that winter in Japan
SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; EMPEROR GEESE; H5N1 VIRUS;
CALIFORNIA; DROUGHT; ALASKA; TRANSMITTERS; POPULATIONS; MALLARDS
AB In North America, spring migration routes and breeding distribution of northern pintails Anas acuta vary because some individuals opportunistically nest at mid-latitudes in years when ephemeral prairie wetlands are available, whereas others regularly nest in arctic and sub-arctic regions where wetland abundance is more constant. Less was known about migration routes and breeding distribution of pintails in East Asia. From 2007-2009 we marked 198 pintails on their wintering areas in Japan with satellite transmitters to: 1) document spring migration routes and summer distribution, 2) evaluate migratory connections and breeding season sympatry with North American pintails, and 3) determine if pintails used the same migration routes in fall as in spring. Most pintails (67%) migrated to the Kamchatka or Chukotka peninsulas in eastern Russia either directly from Japan or via Sakhalin Island, Russia. Remaining pintails primarily migrated to the Magadan region or Kolyma River Basin in eastern Russia via Sakhalin Island. The Chukotka Peninsula was the most common summer destination, with highest densities in the Anadyr Lowlands; a region also used by pintails that migrate from North America. One pintail migrated to St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, in spring and another briefly migrated to the western coast of Alaska in fall. Autumn migration routes generally mirrored spring migration although most pintails bypassed Sakhalin Island in fall. Compared to North American pintails, pintails that winter in Japan exhibited less variation in migration routes and breeding distribution, and nested at higher latitudes. In the Russian Far East there is no region with habitats comparable in extent to the ephemeral mid-latitude wetlands of North America. Consequently, East Asian pintails mainly nest in arctic and sub-arctic regions where annual consistency in wetlands promotes constancy in migration routes and breeding distribution. Breeding season sympatry between pintails from different continents results more from North American pintails migrating to eastern Russia than from Japanese pintails migrating to North America.
C1 [Hupp, Jerry W.; Flint, Paul L.; Pearce, John M.; Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA.
[Yamaguchi, Noriyuki; Higuchi, Hiroyoshi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci S, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan.
[Tokita, Ken-ichi] Abiko City Mus Birds, Abiko, Chiba 2701145, Japan.
[Shimada, Tetsuo] Miyagi Perfectural Izunuma Uchinuma Environm Foun, Kurihara, Miyagi 9895504, Japan.
[Kharitonov, Sergei] Bird Ring Ctr Russia, Moscow 117312, Russia.
RP Hupp, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Drv, Anchorage, AK USA.
EM jhupp@usgs.gov
OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993
FU US Geol. Surv.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Japan Ministry of the
Environm.; Univ. of Tokyo
FX This project was supported by the US Geol. Surv., U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Japan Ministry of the Environm., and Univ. of Tokyo. We thank
A. Azuma, A. Bowman, G. Fujita, M. Fujita, B. Guzzetti, N. Hijikata, E.
Hiraoka, A. Hotta, N. Kataoka, N. Kishimoto, S. Konno, M. Kurechi, M.
Okuyama, T. Sakane, H. Sugawa, K. Takagi, K. Takatsu, K. Tanabayashi, K.
Uchida, M. Ueta, Y. Watanabe, and Y. Yamamoto for their assistance in
field. D. Douglas provided assistance with collection of satellite
telemetry data. D. Derksen, J. Fleskes, R. Larkin, and M. Miller
provided helpful comments on earlier drafts. We thank D. Derksen, K.
Trust, and D. Rocque for their support. Care and handling of birds
marked in this study was approved by the Alaska Sci. Centr. Anim. Care
and Use Comm., and the Japan Ministry of the Environm. Use of commercial
names does not imply product endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey.
NR 63
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 20
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0908-8857
J9 J AVIAN BIOL
JI J. Avian Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 42
IS 4
BP 289
EP 300
DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05320.x
PG 12
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 822MM
UT WOS:000295051800003
ER
PT J
AU Letcher, BH
Coombs, JA
Nislow, KH
AF Letcher, Benjamin H.
Coombs, Jason A.
Nislow, Keith H.
TI Maintenance of phenotypic variation: repeatability, heritability and
size-dependent processes in a wild brook trout population
SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE brook trout; growth compensation; heritability; repeatability;
size-dependent growth
ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; ADAPTATION-BY-TIME; ATLANTIC
SALMON; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BODY-SIZE; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; WATER
TEMPERATURE; RECAPTURE MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE
AB Phenotypic variation in body size can result from within-cohort variation in birth dates, among-individual growth variation and size-selective processes. We explore the relative effects of these processes on the maintenance of wide observed body size variation in stream-dwelling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Based on the analyses of multiple recaptures of individual fish, it appears that size distributions are largely determined by the maintenance of early size variation. We found no evidence for size-dependent compensatory growth (which would reduce size variation) and found no indication that size-dependent survival substantially influenced body size distributions. Depensatory growth (faster growth by larger individuals) reinforced early size variation, but was relatively strong only during the first sampling interval (age-0, fall). Maternal decisions on the timing and location of spawning could have a major influence on early, and as our results suggest, later (>age-0) size distributions. If this is the case, our estimates of heritability of body size (body length = 0.25) will be dominated by processes that generate and maintain early size differences. As a result, evolutionary responses to environmental change that are mediated by body size may be largely expressed via changes in the timing and location of reproduction.
C1 [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Coombs, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
[Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
EM ben_letcher@usgs.gov
FU USFS Northern Research Station; USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research
Center; Nature Conservancy's Connecticut River program
FX We thank Matt O'Donnell, Todd Dubreuil, Tyler Evans and many field
assistants. Michael Morrissey and Krzysztof Sakrejda-Leavitt provided
assistance with heritability estimates. The USFS Northern Research
Station, the USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, and The Nature
Conservancy's Connecticut River program provided funding for the
project.
NR 63
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U1 3
U2 35
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1752-4571
J9 EVOL APPL
JI Evol. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 4
BP 602
EP 615
DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00184.x
PG 14
WC Evolutionary Biology
SC Evolutionary Biology
GA 820RW
UT WOS:000294924100007
PM 25568008
ER
PT J
AU Bergamaschi, BA
Fleck, JA
Downing, BD
Boss, E
Pellerin, B
Ganju, NK
Schoellhamer, DH
Byington, AA
Heim, WA
Stephenson, M
Fujii, R
AF Bergamaschi, B. A.
Fleck, J. A.
Downing, B. D.
Boss, E.
Pellerin, B.
Ganju, N. K.
Schoellhamer, D. H.
Byington, A. A.
Heim, W. A.
Stephenson, M.
Fujii, R.
TI Methyl mercury dynamics in a tidal wetland quantified using in situ
optical measurements
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; JOAQUIN RIVER CALIFORNIA;
SEDIMENT-WATER EXCHANGE; ESTUARINE SEDIMENT; METHYLMERCURY; DELTA;
CARBON; PARTICULATE; VARIABILITY
AB We assessed monomethylmercury (MeHg) dynamics in a tidal wetland over three seasons using a novel method that employs a combination of in situ optical measurements as concentration proxies. MeHg concentrations measured over a single spring tide were extended to a concentration time series using in situ optical measurements. Tidal fluxes were calculated using modeled concentrations and bi-directional velocities obtained acoustically. The magnitude of the flux was the result of complex interactions of tides, geomorphic features, particle sorption, and random episodic events such as wind storms and precipitation. Correlation of dissolved organic matter quality measurements with timing of MeHg release suggests that MeHg is produced in areas of fluctuating redox and not limited by buildup of sulfide. The wetland was a net source of MeHg to the estuary in all seasons, with particulate flux being much higher than dissolved flux, even though dissolved concentrations were commonly higher. Estimated total MeHg yields out of the wetland were approximately 2.5 mu g m(-2) yr(-1)-4-40 times previously published yields-representing a potential loading to the estuary of 80 g yr(-1), equivalent to 3% of the river loading. Thus, export from tidal wetlands should be included in mass balance estimates for MeHg loading to estuaries. Also, adequate estimation of loads and the interactions between physical and biogeochemical processes in tidal wetlands might not be possible without long-term, high-frequency in situ measurements.
C1 [Bergamaschi, B. A.; Fleck, J. A.; Downing, B. D.; Schoellhamer, D. H.; Fujii, R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Boss, E.; Pellerin, B.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA.
[Ganju, N. K.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Byington, A. A.; Heim, W. A.; Stephenson, M.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Pollut Studies Lab, Moss Landing, CA USA.
RP Bergamaschi, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM bbergama@usgs.gov
RI Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009; Bergamaschi, Brian/D-8325-2012; Ganju,
Neil/P-4409-2014;
OI Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595; Bergamaschi,
Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Ganju,
Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465
FU California Bay Delta Authority [ERP-00-G01]; U.S. Geological Survey
FX This work was supported by funding from the California Bay Delta
Authority Ecosystem Restoration and Drinking Water Programs (grant
ERP-00-G01) and matching funds from the U.S. Geological Survey
Cooperative Research Program.
NR 56
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Z9 20
U1 3
U2 31
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 4
BP 1355
EP 1371
DI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.4.1355
PG 17
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 816LZ
UT WOS:000294603400015
ER
PT J
AU Jachowski, DS
Millspaugh, JJ
Biggins, DE
Livieri, TM
Matchett, MR
Rittenhouse, CD
AF Jachowski, David S.
Millspaugh, Joshua J.
Biggins, Dean E.
Livieri, Travis M.
Matchett, Marc R.
Rittenhouse, Chadwick D.
TI Resource Selection by Black-Footed Ferrets in South Dakota and Montana
SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE black-footed ferret; black-tailed prairie dogs; Conata Basin;
reintroduction; UL Bend
ID PRAIRIE DOGS CYNOMYS; HOME-RANGE; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES;
SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; UTILIZATION DISTRIBUTIONS; REINTRODUCTION;
POPULATIONS; PREY; SIZE; TRANSLOCATIONS
AB The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), once extinct in the wild, remains one of the most critically endangered mammals in North America despite 18 years of reintroduction attempts. Because black-footed ferrets are specialized predators of prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.), a better understanding of how black-footed ferrets select resources might provide insight into how best to identify and manage reintroduction sites. We monitored ferret resource selection at two reintroduction sites with different densities of prairie dog populations one that contained a high density of prairie dogs (Conata Basin, South Dakota) and one that was lower (UL Bend, Montana). We evaluated support for hypotheses about ferret resource selection as related to the distribution of active burrows used by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), interactions between ferrets, and habitat edge effects. We found support for all three factors within both populations; however, they affected ferret resource selection differently at each site. Ferrets at Conata Basin tended to select areas with high prairie dog burrow density, closer to the colony edge, and that overlapped other ferret ranges. In contrast, ferrets at UL Bend tended not to select areas of high active prairie dog burrow density, avoided areas close to edge habitat, and females avoided areas occupied by other ferrets. The differences observed between the two sites might be best explained by prairie dog densities, which were higher at Conata Basin (119.3 active burrows per ha) than at UL Bend (44.4 active burrows per ha). Given the positive growth of ferret populations at Conata Basin, management that increases the density of prairie dogs might enhance ferret success within natural areas. To achieve long-term recovery of ferrets in the wild, conservationists should increasingly work across and outside natural area boundaries to increase prairie dog populations.
C1 [Jachowski, David S.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA.
[Matchett, Marc R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA.
[Rittenhouse, Chadwick D.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RP Jachowski, DS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM DavidJachowski@mail.mizzou.edu
RI Rittenhouse, Chadwick/G-7169-2012
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service; National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation [2006-0058-0000]; South Dakota Department of Game,
Fish and Parks; Disney Centennial Refuge Scholarship; Missouri Chapter
of the Wildlife Society; University of Missouri; State Wildlife Grant
[T-35-R, 2435]
FX Funding and logistical support for this project was provided by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation (Grant number 2006-0058-0000), South Dakota
Department of Game, Fish and Parks Small Grants Program, South Dakota
Department of Game, Fish and Parks Competitive Grants Program, Disney
Centennial Refuge Scholarship, Missouri Chapter of the Wildlife Society,
and the University of Missouri. This study was funded in part by federal
funding through State Wildlife Grant T-35-R, Study #2435, administered
through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. R. Jachowski, J. McRoberts,
D. Hanson, T. Brown, and over a dozen volunteers assisted with
fieldwork. K. Atchley and D. Sargent provided valuable assistance in
support of this project in South Dakota, and we appreciate the
commitment of the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge staff to
ferret recovery and research. R. Jachowski, M. Gompper, D. Eads, and H.
He provided comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 65
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U1 5
U2 36
PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC
PI ROCKFORD
PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA
SN 0885-8608
J9 NAT AREA J
JI Nat. Areas J.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 3
BP 218
EP 225
PG 8
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 799TN
UT WOS:000293309100002
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, N
Macedru, K
Mataitoga, W
Surumi, J
Qeteqete, S
Niukula, J
Naikatini, A
Heffernan, A
Fisher, R
Harlow, P
AF Thomas, Nunia
Macedru, Kelera
Mataitoga, Waisale
Surumi, Jerry
Qeteqete, Sipiriano
Niukula, Jone
Naikatini, Alivereti
Heffernan, Alice
Fisher, Robert
Harlow, Peter
TI iguana iguana-a feral population in Fiji
SO ORYX
LA English
DT News Item
C1 [Thomas, Nunia; Macedru, Kelera; Mataitoga, Waisale] NatureFiji MareqetiViti, Suva, Fiji.
[Surumi, Jerry] PA Naiviivi, Taveuni, Qamea Island, Fiji.
[Qeteqete, Sipiriano; Niukula, Jone] Natl Trust Fiji, Suva, Fiji.
[Naikatini, Alivereti] Univ S Pacific, Inst Appl Sci, S Pacific Reg Herbarium, Suva, Fiji.
[Heffernan, Alice] Matagi Isl Private Resort, Matagi Isl, Fiji.
[Fisher, Robert] US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA USA.
[Harlow, Peter] Taronga Conservat Soc Australia, Mosman, NSW, Australia.
RP Thomas, N (reprint author), NatureFiji MareqetiViti, Suva, Fiji.
EM nuniat@naturefiji.org
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0030-6053
J9 ORYX
JI Oryx
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 3
BP 321
EP 322
PG 2
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 811WY
UT WOS:000294249900002
ER
PT J
AU Holen, SR
May, DW
Mahan, SA
AF Holen, Steven R.
May, David W.
Mahan, Shannon A.
TI THE ANGUS MAMMOTH: A DECADES-OLD SCIENTIFIC CONTROVERSY RESOLVED
SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY
LA English
DT Article
ID NEBRASKA FLUTED POINT; AUTHENTICATION ANALYSIS; LUMINESCENCE; SITE
AB The Angus Mammoth site in south-central Nebraska has been controversial since its discovery in 1931 when a fluted artifact was reported to be associated with the mammoth. For nearly 80 years it has not been known if Angus was a paleontological site predating the human occupation of North America as has been asserted by some geologists and paleontologists. or an archaeological site dating to the late Pleistocene as has been advocated by some archaeologists. Geomorphic study and luminescence dating have finally solved the problem after nearly eight decades. Although microwear and technological analyses have determined that the Angus biface is an authentic artifact. TL and IRSL dates have shown that the matrix above the mammoth is much too old for a mammoth/fluted point association to be valid.
C1 [Holen, Steven R.] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Anthropol, Denver, CO 80205 USA.
[May, David W.] Univ No Iowa, Dept Geog, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA.
[Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Holen, SR (reprint author), Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Anthropol, Denver, CO 80205 USA.
EM sholen@dmns.org
OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774
NR 32
TC 1
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U1 0
U2 4
PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA
SN 0002-7316
J9 AM ANTIQUITY
JI Am. Antiq.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 76
IS 3
BP 487
EP 499
PG 13
WC Anthropology; Archaeology
SC Anthropology; Archaeology
GA 801ZV
UT WOS:000293480000005
ER
PT J
AU Knapp, KR
Ansari, S
Bain, CL
Bourassa, MA
Dickinson, MJ
Funk, C
Helms, CN
Hennon, CC
Holmes, CD
Huffman, GJ
Kossin, JP
Lee, HT
Loew, A
Magnusdottir, G
AF Knapp, Kenneth R.
Ansari, Steve
Bain, Caroline L.
Bourassa, Mark A.
Dickinson, Michael J.
Funk, Chris
Helms, Chip N.
Hennon, Christopher C.
Holmes, Christopher D.
Huffman, George J.
Kossin, James P.
Lee, Hai-Tien
Loew, Alexander
Magnusdottir, Gudrun
TI GLOBALLY GRIDDED SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS FOR CLIMATE STUDIES
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; NORTH PACIFIC;
UNITED-STATES; HIRS; PRECIPITATION; CYCLOGENESIS; DEPOSITION;
RESOLUTION; VORTICITY
C1 [Knapp, Kenneth R.; Ansari, Steve; Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Bain, Caroline L.; Magnusdottir, Gudrun] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
[Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Dickinson, Michael J.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
[Funk, Chris] USGS Ctr Earth Resource Observat & Sci, Santa Barbara, CA USA.
[Helms, Chip N.; Hennon, Christopher C.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA.
[Holmes, Christopher D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Huffman, George J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Lee, Hai-Tien] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Loew, Alexander] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM ken.knapp@noaa.gov
RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014; Huffman,
George/F-4494-2014; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016
OI Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954; Huffman,
George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794
FU Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP', University of Hamburg [EXC177]
FX K. Knapp acknowledges the significant contribution of George Huffman in
the design of the GridSat dataset. Many were integral in the initial
rescue of the ISCCP B1 data, including Bill Rossow, John Bates, Garrett
Campbell and many at the agencies that provided the B1 data: JMA,
EUMETSAT, and NOAA. A. Loew acknowledges the support of the Cluster of
Excellence 'CliSAP' (EXC177), University of Hamburg. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 60
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U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 7
BP 893
EP 907
DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3039.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 806RO
UT WOS:000293827900005
ER
PT J
AU Buttenfield, BP
Stanislawski, LV
Brewer, CA
AF Buttenfield, Barbara P.
Stanislawski, Lawrence V.
Brewer, Cynthia A.
TI Adapting Generalization Tools to Physiographic Diversity for the United
States National Hydrography Dataset
SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE differential generalization; multiple representations; MRDB;
hydrography; metric assessment; coefficient of line correspondence
ID DRAINAGE DENSITY; REPRESENTATION
AB This paper reports on generalization and data modeling to create reduced scale versions of the National Hydrographic Dataset (NHD) for dissemination through The National Map, the primary data delivery portal for USGS. Our approach distinguishes local differences in physiographic factors, to demonstrate that knowledge about varying terrain (mountainous, hilly or flat) and varying climate (dry or humid) can support decisions about algorithms, parameters, and processing sequences to create generalized, smaller scale data versions which preserve distinct hydrographic patterns in these regions. We work with multiple subbasins of the NHD that provide a range of terrain and climate characteristics. Specifically tailored generalization sequences are used to create simplified versions of the high resolution data, which was compiled for 1:24,000 scale mapping. Results are evaluated cartographically and metrically against a medium resolution benchmark version compiled for 1:100,000, developing coefficients of linear and areal correspondence.
C1 [Buttenfield, Barbara P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Stanislawski, Lawrence V.] US Geol Survey, ATA Serv, CEGIS, Rolla, MO USA.
[Brewer, Cynthia A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Buttenfield, BP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM babs@colorado.edu; lstan@usgs.gov; cbrewer@psu.edu
NR 38
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 14
PU CARTOGRAPHY & GEOGRAPHIC INFOR SOC
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 6 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE AVE, STE 403, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA
SN 1523-0406
J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC
JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 38
IS 3
BP 289
EP 301
DI 10.1559/15230406382289
PG 13
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 807DX
UT WOS:000293875500007
ER
PT J
AU Usery, EL
AF Usery, E. Lynn
TI The US Geological Survey Cartographic and Geographic Information Science
Research Activities 2006-2010
SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
RP Usery, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
EM usery@usgs.gov
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU CARTOGRAPHY & GEOGRAPHIC INFOR SOC
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 6 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE AVE, STE 403, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA
SN 1523-0406
J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC
JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 38
IS 3
BP 302
EP 309
DI 10.1559/15230406382302
PG 8
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 807DX
UT WOS:000293875500008
ER
PT J
AU Craun, KJ
Donnelly, JP
Allord, GJ
AF Craun, Kari J.
Donnelly, John P.
Allord, Gregory J.
TI The US Geological Survey Mapping and Cartographic Database Activities,
2006-2010
SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Craun, Kari J.] US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
[Donnelly, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Allord, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
RP Craun, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
EM kcraun@usgs.gov; jpdonnelly@usgs.gov; gjallord@usgs.gov
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU CARTOGRAPHY & GEOGRAPHIC INFOR SOC
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 6 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE AVE, STE 403, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA
SN 1523-0406
J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC
JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 38
IS 3
BP 326
EP 329
DI 10.1559/15230406382326
PG 4
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 807DX
UT WOS:000293875500012
ER
PT J
AU Sheehan, KL
Lafferty, KD
O'Brien, J
Cebrian, J
AF Sheehan, Kate L.
Lafferty, Kevin D.
O'Brien, Jack
Cebrian, Just
TI Parasite Distribution, Prevalence, and Assemblages of the Grass Shrimp,
Palaemonetes pugio, in Southwestern Alabama, USA
SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Palaemonetes; parasite assemblage; distribution; wetland; ciliate;
bopyrid; haplosporidian; microphallid trematode; Alabama gulf coast
ID MICROPHALLUS-TURGIDUS TREMATODA; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; COMMUNITY
STRUCTURE; LARVAL TREMATODES; MARSH RESTORATION; SALT MARSHES;
BLUE-CRAB; INDICATORS; ABUNDANCE; ECOSYSTEM
AB The grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, harbors a number of symbionts within its North American range. Here, we document the distribution and seasonality of 4 taxonomic groups that use P. pugio as a host in coastal Alabama. We conducted a regional survey of 4 symbionts of P. pugio over 3 seasons and compared assemblages across space and time. The most common parasite was the metacercarial stage of the microphallid trematode Microphallus turgidus, which remained consistently prevalent over the 3 seasons surveyed. We also monitored the prevalence of M. turgidus at 2 sites monthly. Prevalence fluctuated significantly among seasons at these sites, but spatial heterogeneity appears to have a stronger influence on regional parasite prevalence. Distributions of 3 of 4 symbionts overlapped in a single geographic area (Mon Louis Island, Alabama, U.S.A.); however, multispecies infections of individual hosts were normally distributed within host populations. Sites surrounding Mon Louis Island had substantially higher parasite prevalence, particularly in the summer months. This area had a high quantity of Spartina marsh habitat, which we found influenced parasite prevalence, suggesting a role for wetland habitat in structuring parasite communities for this host.
C1 [Sheehan, Kate L.; Cebrian, Just] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA.
[Sheehan, Kate L.; Cebrian, Just] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA.
[O'Brien, Jack] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93016 USA.
[O'Brien, Jack] Univ S Alabama, Dept Biol, Mobile, AL 36688 USA.
RP Sheehan, KL (reprint author), Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
EM kates@clemson.edu; klafferty@usgs.gov; jobrien@jaguar1.usouthal.edu;
jcebrian@disl.org
RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009;
OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Sheehan, Kate/0000-0001-5819-1362
FU Departments of Marine Sciences and Biology at the University of South
Alabama; U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration under NOAA [NA06OAR4170078]; Mississippi-Alabama Sea
Grant Consortium [R/CEH-24]; DISL; Alabama Center for Estuarine Studies
(ACES) from the University of South Alabama; American Museum of Natural
History
FX We would like to thank the Departments of Marine Sciences and Biology at
the University of South Alabama for their financial support and use of
equipment, supplies, and vehicles. Thanks to the Dauphin Island Sea Lab
(DISL) for use of their wet lab facilities, boats, vehicles, and
analytical laboratory. Field work was possible with time donated from
Orin Robinson and Charles Martin. The study described here was performed
in order to complete part of a Master's thesis required by the
University of South Alabama. This publication was supported by the
National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA Grant
NA06OAR4170078, the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium (project
R/CEH-24), and University Programs Directors Ken Heck and John Valentine
at the DISL. Additional funding was provided by an Alabama Center for
Estuarine Studies (ACES) graduate student assistantship from the
University of South Alabama and the American Museum of Natural History
through a Lerner-Gray Grant for Marine Research. The views expressed
herein do not necessarily reflect the views of any of those
organizations. Finally, we would like to express our appreciation to the
editor and anonymous reviewers who helped improve this manuscript.
NR 40
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 13
PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON
PI LAWRENCE
PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS
66044 USA
SN 1525-2647
J9 COMP PARASITOL
JI Comp. Parasitol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 78
IS 2
BP 245
EP 256
DI 10.1654/4427.1
PG 12
WC Parasitology; Zoology
SC Parasitology; Zoology
GA 803WH
UT WOS:000293612300004
ER
PT J
AU Nourisson, C
Morales-Vela, B
Padilla-Saldivar, J
Tucker, KP
Clark, A
Olivera-Gomez, LD
Bonde, R
McGuire, P
AF Nourisson, Coralie
Morales-Vela, Benjamin
Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth
Tucker, Kimberly Pause
Clark, AnnMarie
David Olivera-Gomez, Leon
Bonde, Robert
McGuire, Peter
TI Evidence of two genetic clusters of manatees with low genetic diversity
in Mexico and implications for their conservation
SO GENETICA
LA English
DT Article
DE Antillean manatee; Microsatellite; Conservation genetic; Genetic
structure
ID MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA;
TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; LATIROSTRIS; SOFTWARE; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS;
PROGRAM
AB The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) occupies the tropical coastal waters of the Greater Antilles and Caribbean, extending from Mexico along Central and South America to Brazil. Historically, manatees were abundant in Mexico, but hunting during the pre-Columbian period, the Spanish colonization and throughout the history of Mexico, has resulted in the significantly reduced population occupying Mexico today. The genetic structure, using microsatellites, shows the presence of two populations in Mexico: the Gulf of Mexico (GMx) and Chetumal Bay (ChB) on the Caribbean coast, with a zone of admixture in between. Both populations show low genetic diversity (GMx: N-A = 2.69; H-E = 0.41 and ChB: N-A = 3.0; H-E = 0.46). The lower genetic diversity found in the GMx, the largest manatee population in Mexico, is probably due to a combination of a founder effect, as this is the northern range of the sub-species of T. m. manatus, and a bottleneck event. The greater genetic diversity observed along the Caribbean coast, which also has the smallest estimated number of individuals, is possibly due to manatees that come from the GMx and Belize. There is evidence to support limited or unidirectional gene flow between these two important areas. The analyses presented here also suggest minimal evidence of a handful of individual migrants possibly between Florida and Mexico. To address management issues we suggest considering two distinct genetic populations in Mexico, one along the Caribbean coast and one in the riverine systems connected to the GMx.
C1 [Nourisson, Coralie; Morales-Vela, Benjamin; Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth] Colegio Frontera Sur, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
[Tucker, Kimberly Pause] Coll Coastal Georgia, Dept Nat Sci, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA.
[Clark, AnnMarie] Univ Florida, ICBR Genet Anal Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
[David Olivera-Gomez, Leon] Univ Juarez Autonoma Tabasco, Div Acad Ciencias Biol, Villahermosa 86039, Tabasco, Mexico.
[Bonde, Robert] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA.
RP Nourisson, C (reprint author), Colegio Frontera Sur, Av Centenario Km 5-5, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
EM coralie.nourisson@gmail.com
RI Nourisson, Coralie/C-5997-2014; Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth
Adriana/E-5141-2015;
OI Nourisson, Coralie/0000-0003-2442-7490; Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth
Adriana/0000-0001-8966-453X; Tucker, Kimberly/0000-0002-5271-3315;
Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376
FU Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores de Mexico; Ministere des Affaires
Etrangeres Francaise-EGIDE; Marine Mammal Commission; SEMARNAT/CONACYT
[2002-C01-1128]; Dolphin Discovery; US Geological Survey
FX This study is part of the doctoral dissertation research of the first
author (CN), who was funded by a grant from the Secretaria de Relaciones
Exteriores de Mexico and by the Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres
Francaise-EGIDE. Financial support for training in Florida was provided
by the Marine Mammal Commission. The project was funded by
SEMARNAT/CONACYT (Project 2002-C01-1128) and Dolphin Discovery for
manatee captures and genetic analysis, as well as the US Geological
Survey-Sirenia Project for genetic analysis. Mexican Government Research
Permits and sample collection authorizations were obtained from DGVS #
03144; 04513; 03670 and 03675. Samples were collected under scientific
collection permits NUM/SGPA/DGVS/03144, NUM/SGPA/DGVS/04513,
NUM/SGPA/DGVS/03670/06, SGPA/DGVS/04060/06; SGPA/DGVS/01103/07,
SEDUM/SSMA/DGPPE/0191/2004 and RBSK OFICIO CUN 037/04. Samples were
transported to the research laboratories in the US under CITES export
permits MX22523, MX24463, MX28578, MX26485, MX38416, MX34645, MX31591
and CITES import permits 06US808447/9 and 07US808447/9. Samples were
processed in Florida under authority of USFWS wildlife research permit
MA791721 issued to the USGS Sirenia Project. All sample collection was
done under approval of IACUC standards. Samples from the Gulf of Mexico
area came from various projects and facilities: Dolphin Discovery,
Veracruz Aquarium, Xcaret, ViaDelphi and Universidad Juarez Autonoma de
Tabasco. We thank Dr. Margaret Hunter of the USGS Southeast Ecological
Science Center for advice and help in the laboratory with various
software packages. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
Government.
NR 53
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U1 4
U2 36
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0016-6707
EI 1573-6857
J9 GENETICA
JI Genetica
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 7
BP 833
EP 842
DI 10.1007/s10709-011-9583-z
PG 10
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 798XG
UT WOS:000293244900001
PM 21681472
ER
PT J
AU Ashley, JW
Golombek, MP
Christensen, PR
Squyres, SW
McCoy, TJ
Schroder, C
Fleischer, I
Johnson, JR
Herkenhoff, KE
Parker, TJ
AF Ashley, J. W.
Golombek, M. P.
Christensen, P. R.
Squyres, S. W.
McCoy, T. J.
Schroeder, C.
Fleischer, I.
Johnson, J. R.
Herkenhoff, K. E.
Parker, T. J.
TI POST-FALL SURFACE MODIFICATION FEATURES OF IRON METEORITES FOUND BY THE
OPPORTUNITY ROVER AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR MARTIAN WEATHERING
PROCESSES
SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 74th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society
CY AUG 08-12, 2011
CL London, ENGLAND
SP Meteorit Soc, Nat Hist Museum, Imperial Coll, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, European Space Agcy, Barringer Crater Co, CAMECA Instruments, Bruker Nano GmbH, CEPSAR - Open Univ, Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Univ Glasgow, Cambridge Univ Press, Sci (AAAS), WiTec GmbH, Royal Observ Greenwich
C1 [Ashley, J. W.; Christensen, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Golombek, M. P.; Parker, T. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
[Schroeder, C.] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany.
[Fleischer, I.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, Mainz, Germany.
[Johnson, J. R.; Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM james.ashley@ser.asu.edu
RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009
OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1086-9379
J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI
JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 46
SU 1
SI SI
BP A13
EP A13
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 797AN
UT WOS:000293094700022
ER
PT J
AU Langenhorst, F
Horton, JW
Jackson, JC
Belkin, HE
Chou, IM
AF Langenhorst, F.
Horton, J. W., Jr.
Jackson, J. C.
Belkin, H. E.
Chou, I. -M.
TI MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SHOCKED RUTILE FROM THE CAPE CHARLES
DRILL HOLE, CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE, VIRGINIA, USA
SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 74th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society
CY AUG 08-12, 2011
CL London, ENGLAND
SP Meteorit Soc, Nat Hist Museum, Imperial Coll, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, European Space Agcy, Barringer Crater Co, CAMECA Instruments, Bruker Nano GmbH, CEPSAR - Open Univ, Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Univ Glasgow, Cambridge Univ Press, Sci (AAAS), WiTec GmbII, Royal Observ Greenwich
C1 [Langenhorst, F.] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany.
[Horton, J. W., Jr.; Jackson, J. C.; Belkin, H. E.; Chou, I. -M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM Falko.Langenhorst@uni-jena.de
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1086-9379
J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI
JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 46
SU 1
SI SI
BP A134
EP A134
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 797AN
UT WOS:000293094700264
ER
PT J
AU Henaux, V
Samuel, MD
AF Henaux, Viviane
Samuel, Michael D.
TI AVIAN INFLUENZA SHEDDING PATTERNS IN WATERFOWL: IMPLICATIONS FOR
SURVEILLANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSMISSION, AND DISEASE SPREAD
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Avian influenza; ducks; environment; geese; highly pathogenic avian
influenza virus; low pathogenic avian influenza virus; surveillance
ID WILD BIRDS; A VIRUS; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; H5N1 VIRUS; DUCK MEAT;
HONG-KONG; PATHOGENICITY; CHICKENS; CANADA; ASIA
AB Despite the recognized importance of fecal/oral transmission of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) via contaminated wetlands, little is known about the length, quantity, or route of AI virus shed by wild waterfowl. We used published laboratory challenge studies to evaluate the length and quantity of low pathogenic (LP) and highly pathogenic (HP) virus shed via oral and cloacal routes by AI-infected ducks and geese, and how these factors might influence AI epidemiology and virus detection. We used survival analysis to estimate the duration of infection (from virus inoculation to the last day virus was shed) and nonlinear models to evaluate temporal patterns in virus shedding. We found higher mean virus titer and longer median infectious period for LPAI-infected ducks (10-11.5 days in oral and cloacal swabs) than HPAI-infected ducks (5 days) and geese (7.5 days). Based on the median bird infectious dose, we found that environmental contamination is two times higher for LPAI- than HPAI-infectious ducks, which implies that susceptible birds may have a higher probability of infection during LPAI than HPAI outbreaks. Less environmental contamination during the course of infection and previously documented shorter environmental persistence for HPAI than LPAI suggest that the environment is a less favorable reservoir for HPAI. The longer infectious period, higher virus titers, and subclinical infections with LPAI viruses favor the spread of these viruses by migratory birds in comparison to HPAI. Given the lack of detection of HPAI viruses through worldwide surveillance, we suggest monitoring for AI should aim at improving our understanding of AT dynamics (in particular, the role of the environment and immunity) using long-term comprehensive live bird, serologic, and environmental sampling at targeted areas. Our findings on LPAI and HPAI shedding patterns over time provide essential information to parameterize environmental transmission and virus spread in predictive epizootiologic models of disease risks.
C1 [Henaux, Viviane] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Samuel, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Henaux, V (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM henaux@wisc.edu
NR 71
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 4
U2 34
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 566
EP 578
PG 13
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 793CR
UT WOS:000292798500009
PM 21719821
ER
PT J
AU Goldstein, T
Gill, VA
Tuomi, P
Monson, D
Burdin, A
Conrad, PA
Dunn, JL
Field, C
Johnson, C
Jessup, DA
Bodkin, J
Doroff, AM
AF Goldstein, Tracey
Gill, Verena A.
Tuomi, Pam
Monson, Daniel
Burdin, Alexander
Conrad, Patricia A.
Dunn, J. Lawrence
Field, Cara
Johnson, Christine
Jessup, David A.
Bodkin, James
Doroff, Angela M.
TI ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGEN EXPOSURE IN SEA OTTERS
(ENHYDRA LUTRIS) BORDERING THE THREATENED POPULATION IN ALASKA
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Brucella; Enhydra lutris; phocine distemper; Russia; sea otter;
serosurvey
ID PHOCINE DISTEMPER VIRUS; BRUCELLA SP INFECTION; HARBOR SEALS;
EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; MARINE MAMMALS; VITULINA; LEPTOSPIROSIS; CALIFORNIA;
SOUTHERN; LIONS
AB Northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) abundance has decreased dramatically over portions of southwest Alaska, USA, since the mid-1980s, and this stock is currently listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. In contrast, adjacent populations in south central Alaska, USA, and Russia have been stable to increasing during the same period. Sea otters bordering the area classified in the recent decline were live-captured during 2004-2006 at Bering Island, Russia, and the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska, USA, to evaluate differences in general health and current exposure status to marine and terrestrial pathogens. Although body condition was lower in animals captured at Bering Island, Russia, than it was at Kodiak, USA, clinical pathology values did not reveal differences in general health between the two regions. Low prevalences of antibodies (< 5%) were found in Kodiak, USA, and on Bering Island, Russia, to Toxoplasma Sarcocystis neurona, and Leptospira interrogans. Exposure to phocine herpesvirus-1 was found in both Kodiak, USA (15.2%), and Bering Island, Russia (2.3%). Antibodies to Brucella spp. were found in 28% of the otters tested on Bering Island, Russia, compared with only 2.7% of the samples from Kodiak, USA. Prevalence of exposure to Phocine distemper virus (PDV) was 41% in Kodiak, USA, but 0% on Bering Island, Russia. Archived sera from southwest and south-central Alaska dating back to 1989 were negative for PDV, indicating exposure occurred in sea otters in Kodiak, USA, in recent years. Because PDV can be highly pathogenic in naive and susceptible marine mammal populations, tissues should be examined to explore the contribution of this virus to otter deaths. Our results reveal an increase in exposure to pathogens in sea otters in Kodiak, Alaska, USA, since the 1990s.
C1 [Gill, Verena A.; Doroff, Angela M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Monson, Daniel; Bodkin, James] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Burdin, Alexander] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia.
[Conrad, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Dunn, J. Lawrence; Field, Cara] Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06355 USA.
[Dunn, J. Lawrence; Field, Cara] Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT 06355 USA.
[Jessup, David A.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Goldstein, Tracey; Tuomi, Pam; Burdin, Alexander] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
[Johnson, Christine] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Goldstein, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM tgoldstein@ucdavis.edu
RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013
OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673
FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Alaska Sea Life Center; US Geological
Survey; National Marine Mammal Laboratory; California Department of Fish
and Game
FX This work was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Sea
Life Center, US Geological Survey, National Marine Mammal Laboratory,
and the California Department of Fish and Game and was conducted under
the DMA permits MA041309-2 and MA740507-2. Thanks to personnel from the
US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Geological Survey, Alaska Sea Life
Center, Marine Mammal Protection Division, Sevvostrybvod, 'Komandorsky'
Reserve, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic
Laboratory, and University of California at Davis, especially: D.
Jenski, H. Coletti, M. Yourkowski, J. de In Bruere, T. Fischbach, K.
Kloecker, J. Estes, T. Tinker, M. Terwilliger, B. Hatfield, J. Ames, M.
Harris, G. Benthal, V. Nikulin, S. Zagrebelny, V. Fomin, D. Utkin, E.
Dubovi, A. Melli, A. Packham, L. Rea, P. Rivera, J. Saliki. A special
thanks also to P. Boveng and J. Richmond for their generous help in
testing of the harbor seal samples. We also thank J. Mazet and M. Murray
for thoughtful review of this manuscript.
NR 44
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PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 579
EP 592
PG 14
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 793CR
UT WOS:000292798500010
PM 21719822
ER
PT J
AU Mertins, JW
Torrence, SM
Sterner, MC
AF Mertins, James W.
Torrence, Shannon M.
Sterner, M. C.
TI CHIGGERS RECENTLY INFESTING SPEA SPP. IN TEXAS, USA, WERE EUTROMBICULA
ALFREDDUGESI, NOT HANNEMANIA SP.
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Amphibian; ectoparasite; playa; spadefoot toad; Spea bombifrons; Spea
multiplicata
ID ACARINA-TROMBICULIDAE; PARASITENGONA
AB Upon re-examination of preserved larval chiggers collected from spadefoot toads (Spea bombifrons. and Spea multiplicata) in the Southern High Plains of Texas, USA, and identified previously as Hannemania sp., we found them to be Eutrombicula alfreddugesi. A review of previous reports of Eutrombicula spp. chiggers on amphibian hosts provides context for current findings. All members of the genus Hannemania are specialized larval parasites of amphibians, whereas larval E. alfreddugesi are generalist parasites of a wide variety of terrestrial vertebrate hosts that infrequently includes amphibians. Spadefoot toads are previously undocumented hosts for E. alfreddugesi, and observed infestations were unusually prevalent and intense for this chigger on an amphibian host.
C1 [Mertins, James W.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
[Torrence, Shannon M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Fairbanks Field Off, Ecol Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Sterner, M. C.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
RP Mertins, JW (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
EM james.w.mertins@aphis.usda.gov
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U1 2
U2 4
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 612
EP 617
PG 6
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 793CR
UT WOS:000292798500013
PM 21719825
ER
PT J
AU Meteyer, CU
Valent, M
Kashmer, J
Buckles, EL
Lorch, JM
Blehert, DS
Lollar, A
Berndt, D
Wheeler, E
White, CL
Ballmann, AE
AF Meteyer, Carol Uphoff
Valent, Mick
Kashmer, Jackie
Buckles, Elizabeth L.
Lorch, Jeffrey M.
Blehert, David S.
Lollar, Amanda
Berndt, Douglas
Wheeler, Emily
White, C. LeAnn
Ballmann, Anne E.
TI RECOVERY OF LITTLE BROWN BATS (MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS) FROM NATURAL INFECTION
WITH GEOMYCES DESTRUCTANS, WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Bats; emerging fungal disease; Geomyces destructans; hibernation; Myotis
lucifugus; white-nose syndrome
AB Geomyces destructans produces the white fungal growth on the muzzle and the tacky white discoloration on wings and ears that characterize white-nose syndrome (WNS) in cave-hibernating bats. To test the hypothesis that postemergent WNS-infected bats recover from infection with G. destructans, 30 little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) were collected in May 2009 from a WNS-affected hibernation site in New Jersey. All bats were confirmed to be infected with G. destructans using a noninvasive fungal tape method to identify the conidia of G. destructans and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The bats were then held in captivity and given supportive care for 70 days. Of the 26 bats that survived and were humanely killed after 70 days, 25 showed significant improvement in the external appearance of wing membranes, had no microscopic evidence of infection by C. destructans, and had wing tissue samples that were negative for G. destructans by PC R. A subset of the bats was treated topically at the beginning of the rehabilitation study with a dilute vinegar solution, but treatment with vinegar provided no added advantage to recovery. Provision of supportive care to homeothermic bats was sufficient for full recovery from WNS. One bat at day 70 still had both gross pathology and microscopic evidence of WNS in wing membranes and was PCR-positive for G. destructans. Dense aggregates of neutrophils surrounded the hyphae that remained in the wing membrane of this bat.
C1 [Meteyer, Carol Uphoff; Blehert, David S.; Berndt, Douglas; White, C. LeAnn; Ballmann, Anne E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Valent, Mick] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Clinton, NJ 08809 USA.
[Kashmer, Jackie] Bat World New Jersey, Pittstown, NJ 08867 USA.
[Buckles, Elizabeth L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Sect Anat Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA.
[Lollar, Amanda] Bat World Sanctuary, Mineral Wells, TX 76067 USA.
[Wheeler, Emily] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA.
[Wheeler, Emily] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Anim Sci Lab 462, Urbana, IL 61802 USA.
RP Meteyer, CU (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM cmeteyer@usgs.gov
RI Lankau, Emily/C-8057-2011;
OI Lankau, Emily/0000-0002-7094-7780; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252
FU US Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We thank Christina Kocer, Connecticut Department of Environmental
Protection, Wildlife, and Susi von Oettingen and Annette Scherer from
the US Fish and Wildlife Service for their input with the study design;
Nathan Ramsay for photo archiving; and Paul Cryan and Krysten Schuler
for manuscript review. Partial funding was provided by the US Fish and
Wildlife Service 2008 State Wildlife Grant to Pennsylvania. This study
was approved by the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered
and Nongame Species Program, and the procedures for sampling and
euthanasia of bats were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use
Committees of the US Geological Survey following the American Veterinary
Medical Association's Guidelines on Euthanasia and the Guidelines of the
American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research
and by the US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center Animal
Care and Use document EP081124-A1. Use of trade, product, or firm names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
US Government.
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PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 618
EP 626
PG 9
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 793CR
UT WOS:000292798500014
PM 21719826
ER
PT J
AU van der Merwe, D
Carpenter, JW
Nietfeld, JC
Miesner, JF
AF van der Merwe, Deon
Carpenter, James W.
Nietfeld, Jerome C.
Miesner, John F.
TI ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS IN CANADA GEESE (BRANTA CANADENSIS) ASSOCIATED
WITH WASTE FROM ZINC AND LEAD MINES IN THE TRI-STATE MINING DISTRICT
(KANSAS, OKLAHOMA, AND MISSOURI, USA)
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Branta canadensis; Canada Goose; lead poisoning; mine waste; Tri-State
Mining District; zinc poisoning
ID POLLUTION
AB Lead and zinc poisoning have been recorded in a variety of bird species, including migrating waterfowl such as Canada Geese (Branta canadensis), at sites contaminated with mine waste from lead and zinc mines in the Tri-State Mining District, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri, USA. The adverse health impacts from mine waste on these birds may, however, be more extensive than is apparent from incidental reports of clinical disease. To characterize health impacts from mine waste on Canada Geese that do not have observable signs of poisoning, four to eight apparently healthy birds per site were collected from four contaminated sites and an uncontaminated reference site, and examined for physical and physiologic evidence of metals poisoning. Tissue concentrations of silver, aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Adverse health effects due to lead were characterized by assessing blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) enzyme activity. Adverse effects associated with zinc poisoning were determined from histologic examination of pancreas tissues. Elevated tissue lead concentrations and inhibited blood ALAD enzyme activities were consistently found in birds at all contaminated sites. Histopathologic signs of zinc poisoning, including fibrosis and vacuolization, were associated with elevated pancreatic zinc concentrations at one of the study sites. Adverse health effects associated with other analyzed elements, or tissue concentrations indicating potentially toxic exposure levels to these elements, were not observed.
C1 [van der Merwe, Deon; Carpenter, James W.; Nietfeld, Jerome C.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
[Miesner, John F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Field Off, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA.
RP van der Merwe, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
EM dmerwe@vet.ksu.edu
RI Van der Merwe, Deon/D-5326-2011
FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; National Institutes of Health
[NIH T35 RR007064]; Merck-Merial Veterinary Scholar Program; Kansas
State University College of Veterinary Medicine
FX We thank Gibran Suleiman of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service
for invaluable assistance in planning and sample collection, and Snehal
Tawde, Shiva Mohandass, Lori Blevins, Ashley Smit, and Elizabeth Prigge
of Kansas State University for assistance with sample collection,
processing, and analysis. We also thank Carolyn Cray of the Division of
Clinical Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami,
Florida, USA, for assistance with blood ALAD activity assays. Major
funding was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
Funding assistance was also provided by the National Institutes of
Health (NIH T35 RR007064), the Merck-Merial Veterinary Scholar Program,
and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine.
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PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 650
EP 660
PG 11
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 793CR
UT WOS:000292798500018
PM 21719830
ER
PT J
AU Dona, MG
Rehtanz, M
Adimey, NM
Bossart, GD
Jenson, AB
Bonde, RK
Ghim, SJ
AF Dona, Maria Gabriella
Rehtanz, Manuela
Adimey, Nicole M.
Bossart, Gregory D.
Jenson, Alfred B.
Bonde, Robert K.
Ghim, Shin-je
TI SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF TmPV1 INFECTION IN CAPTIVE AND WILD FLORIDA MANATEES
(TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS)
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Antibody prevalence; Florida manatees; TmPV1; virus-like particles
(VLPs)
ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA;
HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CAPSID PROTEIN; HPV INFECTION; L1 PROTEIN; TYPE-1;
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; PAPILLOMATOSIS
AB In 1997, cutaneous papillomatosis caused by Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris [Tm]) papillomavirus 1 (TmPV1.) was detected in seven captive manatees at the Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park, Florida, USA, and, subsequently, in two wild manatees from the adjacent Homosassa River. Since then, papillomatosis has been reported in captive manatees housed in other locations, but not in wild animals. To determine TmPV1 antibody prevalence in captive and wild manatees sampled at various locations throughout Florida coastal regions, virus-like particles, composed of the L1 capsid protein of TmPV1, were generated with a baculovirus expression system and used to measure anti-TmPV1 antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serologic analysis of 156 manatees revealed a TmPV1 antibody prevalence of 26.3%, with no significant difference between captive (n=39) and wild (n=117) manatees (28.2% and 25.6%, respectively). No antibody-positive wild animal showed PV-induced cutaneous lesions, whereas papillomatosis was observed in 72.7% of antibody-positive captive manatees. Our data indicate that Florida manatees living in the wild are naturally infected by TmPV1 but rarely show TmPV1-induced papillomatosis. Hence, it appears that the wild population would not be harmed in a case of contact with captive animals without visible lesions and productive infections, which could be thus released into the wild.
C1 [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA.
[Ghim, Shin-je] Univ Louisville, James Graham Brown Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA.
[Rehtanz, Manuela] NYU, Dept Basic Sci, New York, NY 10010 USA.
[Adimey, Nicole M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA.
[Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA.
RP Bonde, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 2201 NW 40th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA.
EM rbonde@usgs.gov
OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376
NR 46
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PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 673
EP 684
PG 12
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 793CR
UT WOS:000292798500020
PM 21719832
ER
PT J
AU Fernandez, JRR
Rocke, TE
AF Fernandez, Julia Rodriguez-Ramos
Rocke, Tonie E.
TI Use of Rhodamine B as a Biomarker for Oral Plague Vaccination of Prairie
Dogs
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Plague; prairie dog; rhodamine B; vaccination
ID MARKER
AB Oral vaccination against Yersinia pestis could provide a feasible approach for controlling plague in prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) for conservation and public health purposes. Biomarkers are useful in wildlife vaccination programs to demonstrate exposure to vaccine baits. Rhodamine B (RB) was tested as a potential biomarker for oral plague vaccination because it allows nonlethal sampling of animals through hair, blood, and feces. We found that RB is an appropriate marker for bait uptake studies of <60 days in black-tailed prairie dogs (C. ludovicianus) when used at concentrations <0.5% of bait mass dosed to deliver >10 mg RB per kg target animal mass. Whiskers with follicles provided the best sample for RB detection.
C1 [Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Fernandez, Julia Rodriguez-Ramos] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM trocke@usgs.gov
OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563
FU United States Geological Survey; Western Association of Fish and
Wildlife Agencies
FX This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey and the
Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. We thank J. Brunner
and L. Stickney for animal care and E. Hofmeister and K. Sladky for
technical review. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply
endorsement by the US Government.
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PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 765
EP 768
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 793CR
UT WOS:000292798500037
PM 21719849
ER
PT J
AU Valdez, EW
Wiles, GJ
O'Shea, TJ
AF Valdez, Ernest W.
Wiles, Gary J.
O'Shea, Thomas J.
TI Diets of the Sympatric Pacific Sheath-Tailed Bat (Emballonura
semicaudata rotensis) and Mariana Swiftlet (Aerodramus bartschi) on
Aguiguan, Mariana Islands
SO PACIFIC SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID HABITAT USE
AB The Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) and Mariana swiftlet (Aerodramus bartschi) are two rare insectivorous taxa restricted to the southern Mariana Islands in western Micronesia. It is believed that populations of both have dwindled because of impacts to their food resources. However, there is little information on the food habits of A. bartschi and none exists for E. s. rotensis. In an effort to better understand the feeding habits of both, we investigated their diets using guano analysis. Guano was collected from two roosts in caves during a 2-week period in June and July at the onset of the rainy season. Important orders of insects consumed (percentage volume) by bats roosting at one cave included hymenopterans (64%), coleopterans (10%), lepidopterans (8%), isopterans (8%), and psocopterans (5%), whereas those at a second cave included lepidopterans (45%), hymenopterans (41%), coleopterans (10%), and isopterans (5%). Swiftlets, which roosted in only one of the caves, fed mostly on hymenopterans (88%) and hemipterans (6%). Significant differences existed between the two taxa in several insect orders eaten, with E. s. rotensis consuming more lepidopterans and coleopterans and A. bartschi taking more hymenopterans and hemipterans. Within Hymenoptera, bats fed more on ichneumoideans, whereas swiftlets ate more formicid alates and chalicidoideans. This new information on the feeding habits of E. s. rotensis and A. bartschi provides insight on the complexity of their diets during June and July, and serves as baseline information for future studies and management of their habitat.
C1 [Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Wiles, Gary J.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
[O'Shea, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Valdez, EW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
EM ernie@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Navy through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological
Survey
FX Primary funding for this study came from the U.S. Navy through an
interagency agreement with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S.
Geological Survey. Manuscript accepted 5 September 2010.
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U1 2
U2 13
PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS
PI HONOLULU
PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA
SN 0030-8870
J9 PAC SCI
JI Pac. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 65
IS 3
BP 301
EP 309
DI 10.2984/65.3.301
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 800OM
UT WOS:000293371300002
ER
PT J
AU Kilbourne, KH
Moyer, RP
Quinn, TM
Grottoli, AG
AF Kilbourne, K. Halimeda
Moyer, Ryan P.
Quinn, Terrence M.
Grottoli, Andrea. G.
TI Testing coral-based tropical cyclone reconstructions: An example from
Puerto Rico
SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Coral; Tropical cyclone; Hurricane; Paleotempestology; Puerto Rico;
Oxygen isotope
ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; CLIMATE; RECORD
AB Complimenting modern records of tropical cyclone activity with longer historical and paleoclimatological records would increase our understanding of natural tropical cyclone variability on decadal to centennial time scales. Tropical cyclones produce large amounts of precipitation with significantly lower delta O-18 values than normal precipitation, and hence may be geochemically identifiable as negative delta O-18 anomalies in marine carbonate delta O-18 records. This study investigates the usefulness of coral skeletal delta O-18 as a means of reconstructing past tropical cyclone events. Isotopic modeling of rainfall mixing with seawater shows that detecting an isotopic signal from a tropical cyclone in a coral requires a salinity of similar to 33 psu at the time of coral growth, but this threshold is dependent on the isotopic composition of both fresh and saline end-members. A comparison between coral delta O-18 and historical records of tropical cyclone activity, river discharge, and precipitation from multiple sites in Puerto Rico shows that tropical cyclones are not distinguishable in the coral record from normal rainfall using this approach at these sites. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kilbourne, K. Halimeda] UMCES CBL, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
[Moyer, Ryan P.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA.
[Moyer, Ryan P.; Grottoli, Andrea. G.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Kilbourne, KH (reprint author), UMCES CBL, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; Kilbourne, Kelly /D-6560-2012; Grottoli,
Andrea/C-9736-2009
OI Kilbourne, Kelly /0000-0001-7864-8438;
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0327420, OCE-0610487]; Andrew Mellon
Foundation; USGS
FX This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant
OCE-0327420 to TMQ and in part by grants to AGG from the Andrew Mellon
Foundation and the National Science Foundation Chemical Oceanography
Program (OCE-0610487). RPM was supported by the USGS Mendenhall
Post-doctoral Fellowship program. We are grateful for field and
laboratory assistance provided by H. Anguerre, M. Canals, M. Cathey, C
Malachowski, C. Pacheco, B. Williams, M. Carlo, F.W. Taylor and P.K.
Swart. K. Helmle and R. Dodge facilitated the x-radiography of the coral
skeletons at the Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center.
Laboratory analyses were assisted by E. Goddard, M. Cathey, Y. Matsui,
C. Paver, L Swierk, and H. Wu. Two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged
for helping improve the manuscript by providing valuable comments. Any
use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the US. Government This manuscript is contribution number
4504 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science.
NR 39
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U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0031-0182
EI 1872-616X
J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL
JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.
PD JUL 1
PY 2011
VL 307
IS 1-4
BP 90
EP 97
DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.04.027
PG 8
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology
GA 801FR
UT WOS:000293424300006
ER
PT J
AU DeLong, KL
Flannery, JA
Maupin, CR
Poore, RZ
Quinn, TM
AF DeLong, Kristine L.
Flannery, Jennifer A.
Maupin, Christopher R.
Poore, Richard Z.
Quinn, Terrence M.
TI A coral Sr/Ca calibration and replication study of two massive corals
from the Gulf of Mexico
SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Montastraea faveolata; Siderastrea siderea; Dry Tortugas; Sr/Ca;
Paleoclimate; Coral
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION PALEOCLIMATOLOGY;
GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ISOTOPIC
RECORD; PORITES CORALS; STRONTIUM; PACIFIC; RATIOS
AB This study examined the variations in the ratio of strontium-to-calcium (Sr/Ca) for two Atlantic corals (Montastraea faveolata and Siderastrea siderea) from the Dry Tortugas National Park (centered on 24.7 degrees N, 82.8 degrees W) in the Gulf of Mexico. Cores from coral colonies in close proximity (105 of meters) and with the same environmental conditions (i.e., depth and water chemistry) were micro-sampled with approximately monthly resolution and the resulting Sr/Ca variations were calibrated with local sea surface temperature (SST) records. Replication tests for coral Sr/Ca variations found high agreement between intra-colony variations and between individual colonies of S. siderea (a single M. faveolata colony was sampled). Regression analysis of monthly variations in coral Sr/Ca and local SST revealed significant correlation on monthly and inter-annual timescales. Verification of the calibration on different timescales found coral Sr/Ca-SST reconstructions in S. siderea were more accurate than those from M. faveolata, especially on inter-annual timescales. Sr/Ca-SST calibration equations for the two species are significantly different (cf., Sr/Ca = -0.042 SST + 10.070, S. siderea; Sr/Ca = -0.027 SST + 9.893, M. faveolata). Mean linear extension for M. faveolata is approximately twice that of S. siderea (4.63, 4.31, and 8.31 mm year(-1), A1, F1, and B3, respectively): however, seasonal Sr/Ca variability in M. faveolata is less than S. siderea (0.323, 0.353, and 0.254 mmol mol(-1), A1, F1, and B3, respectively). The reduced slope for M. faveolata is attributed to physical sampling issues associated with complex time-skeletal structure of M. faveolata, i.e., a sampling effect, and not a growth effect since the faster growing M. faveolata has the reduced Sr/Ca variability. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [DeLong, Kristine L.; Flannery, Jennifer A.; Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Maupin, Christopher R.; Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
[Maupin, Christopher R.; Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP DeLong, KL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, 227 Howe Russell Geosci Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM kdelong@lsu.edu; jflannery@usgs.gov; cmaupin@mail.utexas.edu;
rpoore@usgs.gov; quinn@utig.ig.utexas.edu
RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; DeLong, Kristine/B-7500-2008
OI DeLong, Kristine/0000-0001-6320-421X
FU Louisiana State University Council
FX We thank Chris Reich, Don Hickey, Jordan Sanford, and B.J. Reynolds of
the USGS, Michele LaVigne of Rutgers University, the M/V Fort Jefferson
crew, and Dry Tortugas National Park personnel for their support in
recovery of coral cores. Kelly Nereid and Liz Powell of the UT, and Adis
Muslic of the USGS are acknowledged for their assistance. We thank Mary
Manheim and Ginny Listi of the LSU FACES laboratory for their assistance
with X-rays. KLD was supported in part by the Louisiana State University
Council on Research Summer Stipend Program. Any use of trade names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
government. Data are available from the World Data Center for
Paleoclimatology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado; IGBP PAGES/World Data
Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution
ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/tortugas2011.txt,
fl:p://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/tortugas2011.xls.
NR 51
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U1 4
U2 28
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0031-0182
EI 1872-616X
J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL
JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.
PD JUL 1
PY 2011
VL 307
IS 1-4
BP 117
EP 128
DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.005
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology
GA 801FR
UT WOS:000293424300009
ER
PT J
AU Cline, BB
Haig, SM
AF Cline, Brittany B.
Haig, Susan M.
TI SEASONAL MOVEMENT, RESIDENCY, AND MIGRATORY PATTERNS OF WILSON'S SNIPE
(GALLINAGO DELICATA)
SO AUK
LA English
DT Article
DE agricultural wetland; annual cycle; Gallinago delicata; home range;
migratory connectivity; regional fidelity; shorebirds; Wilson's Snipe;
winter migratory ecology
ID WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; HOME-RANGE; WINTERING DUNLIN;
SPACE USE; WETLAND CONNECTIVITY; WATERBIRD HABITAT; WILLAMETTE-VALLEY;
AMERICAN AVOCETS; SAMPLE-SIZE
AB Cross-seasonal studies of avian movement establish links between geographically distinct wintering, breeding, and migratory stopover locations, or assess site fidelity and movement between distinct phases of the annual cycle. Far fewer studies have investigated individual movement patterns within and among seasons over an annual cycle. Within western Oregon's Willamette Valley throughout 2007, we quantified intra- and interseasonal movement patterns, fidelity (regional and local), and migratory patterns of 37 radiomarked Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) to elucidate residency in a region of breeding- and wintering-range overlap. Telemetry revealed complex regional population structure, including winter residents (74%), winter transients (14%), summer residents (9%), and one year-round resident breeder (3%). Results indicated a lack of connectivity between winter and summer capture populations, some evidence of partial migration, and between-season fidelity to the region (winter-resident return; subsequent fall). Across seasons, the extent of movements and use of multiple wetland sites suggested that Wilson's Snipe were capable of exploratory movements but more regularly perceived local and fine-scale segments of the landscape as connected. Movements differed significantly by season and residency; individuals exhibited contracted movements during late winter and more expansive movements during precipitation-limited periods (late spring, summer, fall). Mean home-range size was 3.5 +/- 0.93 km(2) (100% minimum convex polygon [MCP]) and 1.6 +/- 0.42 km(2) (95% fixed kernel) and did not vary by sex; however, home range varied markedly by season (range of 100% MCPs: 1.04-7.56 km(2)). The results highlight the need to consider seasonal and interspecific differences in shorebird life histories and space-use requirements when developing regional wetland conservation plans. Received 20 September 2010, accepted 13 May 2011.
C1 [Cline, Brittany B.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Cline, Brittany B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Cline, BB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
EM brittany.cline@maine.edu
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Pacific Coast Joint Venture; U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center;
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Oregon Department of Fish and
Wildlife (ODFW); Natural Resources Conservation Service's (NRCS)
Conservation on Private Lands grant initiative
FX Support for this project was generously provided by the National Fish
and Wildlife Foundation, Pacific Coast Joint Venture, U.S. Geological
Survey (USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
(ODFW), and by the Natural Resources Conservation Service's (NRCS)
Conservation on Private Lands grant initiative. We are particularly
indebted to M. Carper, M. Cline, K. Fehring, J. Hatt, and E. Krantz for
countless hours capturing and tracking birds. We thank the late R.
Bentley (USFWS) for assistance with aerial surveys, N. Rash (ODFW) for
help with telemetry-vehicle construction, and the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (USACE) for boat surveys. We are grateful to K. Beal and W.
Messinger (USACE), J. Beall (USFWS), R. Fiori and W. Morrow (ODFW), S.
DeGhetto, and D. Sharps for land access. Numerous private landowners
provided access to their property, including S. Bessett, L. Campbell, J.
Geier, T. Goracke, L. and W. Halsey, J. Harding, J. Janosik, I. and J.
Just, C. Kiilsgaard, R. Olsen, and J. Reams. We thank T. Mullins for
molecular lab work; P. Haggerty kindly provided GIS support. This work
benefited greatly from comments by S. Austin-Bythell, C. Bianchi, B.
Dugger, E. Elliott-Smith, M. Johnson, N. Johnson, D. Kesler, J.
Matthews, O. Taft, D. Robinson, P. Sanzenbacher, C. Spiegel, and C.
Torgersen. Data from Oregon Climate Service are available at
www.coas.oregonstate.edu/ocs/.
NR 73
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U1 2
U2 47
PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 128
IS 3
BP 543
EP 555
DI 10.1525/auk.2011.10217
PG 13
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 799SV
UT WOS:000293307300012
ER
PT J
AU Chesser, RT
Banks, RC
Barker, FK
Cicero, C
Dunn, JL
Kratter, AW
Lovette, IJ
Rasmussen, PC
Remsen, JV
Rising, JD
Stotz, DF
Winker, K
AF Chesser, R. Terry
Banks, Richard C.
Barker, F. Keith
Cicero, Carla
Dunn, Jon L.
Kratter, Andrew W.
Lovette, Irby J.
Rasmussen, Pamela C.
Remsen, J. V., Jr.
Rising, James D.
Stotz, Douglas F.
Winker, Kevin
TI FIFTY-SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION CHECK-LIST
OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS
SO AUK
LA English
DT Article
ID OLD-WORLD SUBOSCINES; PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION;
APHELOCOMA-ULTRAMARINA; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; TYRANT FLYCATCHERS;
DIVERGENCE TIMES; HYBRID ZONE; AVES; PASSERIFORMES; WARBLER
C1 [Chesser, R. Terry; Banks, Richard C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Barker, F. Keith] Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Cicero, Carla] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kratter, Andrew W.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Lovette, Irby J.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
[Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ, Museum Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Rising, James D.] Univ Toronto, Ramsay Wright Zool Labs, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
[Remsen, J. V., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Stotz, Douglas F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
[Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
EM chessert@si.edu
RI Barker, Keith/K-2795-2012; Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014; Lovette,
Irby/P-3477-2014
OI Barker, Keith/0000-0001-7488-2470; Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104;
NR 86
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U2 18
PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 128
IS 3
BP 600
EP 613
DI 10.1525/auk.2011.128.3.600
PG 14
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 799SV
UT WOS:000293307300020
ER
PT J
AU Schultz, MM
Painter, MM
Bartell, SE
Logue, A
Furlong, ET
Werner, SL
Schoenfuss, HL
AF Schultz, Melissa M.
Painter, Meghan M.
Bartell, Stephen E.
Logue, Amanda
Furlong, Edward T.
Werner, Stephen L.
Schoenfuss, Heiko L.
TI Selective uptake and biological consequences of environmentally relevant
antidepressant pharmaceutical exposures on male fathead minnows
SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pharmaceuticals; Fathead minnow; Vitellogenin; Histology; Behavior
ID SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; CATFISH CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; MEDAKA
ORYZIAS-LATIPES; WASTE-WATER; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FISH; FLUOXETINE;
GROWTH; RAT; REPRODUCTION
AB Antidepressant pharmaceuticals have been reported in wastewater effluent at the nanogram to low microgram-per-liter range, and include bupropion (BUP), fluoxetine (FLX), sertraline (SER), and venlafaxine (VEN). To assess the effects of antidepressants on reproductive anatomy, physiology, and behavior, adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for 21 days either to a single concentration of the antidepressants FLX, SER. VEN, or BUP, or to an antidepressant mixture. The data demonstrated that exposure to VEN (305 ng/L and 1104 ng/L) and SER (5.2 ng/L) resulted in mortality. Anatomical alterations were noted within the testes of fish exposed to SER and FLX, both modulators of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Additionally, FLX at 28 ng/L induced vitellogenin in male fish a common endpoint for estrogenic endocrine disruption. Significant alterations in male secondary sex characteristics were noted with single exposures. Effects of single compound exposures neither carried over, nor became additive in the antidepressant mixtures, and reproductive behavior was not affected. Analysis of brain tissues from the exposed fish suggested increased uptake of FLX, SER and BUP and minimal uptake of VEN when compared to exposure water concentrations. Furthermore, the only metabolite detected consistently in the brain tissues was norfluoxetine. Similar trends of uptake by brain tissue were observed when fish were exposed to antidepressant mixtures. The present study demonstrates that anatomy and physiology, but not reproductive behavior, can be disrupted by exposure to environmental concentrations of some antidepressants. The observation that antidepressant uptake into fish tissues is selective may have consequences on assessing the mode-of-action and effects of these compounds in future studies. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Painter, Meghan M.; Bartell, Stephen E.; Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, WSB 273, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA.
[Schultz, Melissa M.; Logue, Amanda] Coll Wooster, Dept Chem, Wooster, OH 44691 USA.
[Furlong, Edward T.; Werner, Stephen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Schoenfuss, HL (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, WSB 273, 720 4th Ave S, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA.
EM hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu
FU U.S. EPA [R832741-01-0]; NSF [CHE-0821110]
FX Funding provided by U.S. EPA STAR (R832741-01-0) and NSF (CHE-0821110).
Additional support was provided through the Sophomore Research Program
(Logue) and Wilson and Luce Research funds for faculty research
(Schultz) from The College of Wooster. Thanks to Gerald LeBlanc, North
Carolina State University, for the polyclonal anti-fathead minnow VTG
antibody. Laboratory assistance was provided by Nathan Jahns, Timothy
Loes, and Megan Buerkley. Use of trade, firm, or product names is for
identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
United States Government.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-445X
J9 AQUAT TOXICOL
JI Aquat. Toxicol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 104
IS 1-2
BP 38
EP 47
DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.03.011
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
GA 795CS
UT WOS:000292949700005
PM 21536011
ER
PT J
AU Mastin, MC
Chase, KJ
Dudley, RW
AF Mastin, Mark C.
Chase, Katherine J.
Dudley, R. W.
TI Changes in Spring Snowpack for Selected Basins in the United States for
Different Climate-Change Scenarios
SO EARTH INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Snow-water equivalent; Watershed modeling
ID NEW-ENGLAND; VARIABILITY; INDICATORS; TRENDS; MAINE
AB Spring snowpack is an important water resource in many river basins in the United States in areas where snowmelt comprises a large part of the annual runoff. Increasing temperatures will likely reduce snowpacks in the future, resulting in more winter runoff and less available water during the summer low-flow season. As part of the National Climate Change Modeling Project by the U.S. Geological Survey, distributed watershed-model output was analyzed to characterize areal extent and water-equivalent volumes of spring snowpack for a warming climate. The output from seven selected watershed models from the mountainous western United States and one model from coastal Maine in the northeastern United States shows a future of declining spring snowpack. Snow-cover area (SCA) and snow-water equivalent (SWE) were used to compare the spring snowpack for current conditions (2006) with three time periods in the future (2030, 2060, and 2090) using three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios published in the 2007 Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES): A2, B1, and A1B. Distributed SWE and SCA values were sorted into elevation zones in each basin. The change in spring snowpack over time was greater than the change among different emission scenarios, suggesting that, even for a globally reduced carbon emission scenario, large decreases in SWE are likely to occur. The SRES A2 scenario resulted in the greatest decrease in SWE for six of the basins, and the SRES B1 and A1B scenarios resulted in the greatest decrease in one basin each.
C1 [Mastin, Mark C.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
[Chase, Katherine J.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA.
[Dudley, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME USA.
RP Mastin, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
EM mcmastin@usgs.gov
OI Chase, Katherine/0000-0002-5796-4148; Mastin, Mark/0000-0003-4018-7861
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U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1087-3562
J9 EARTH INTERACT
JI Earth Interact.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 15
AR 23
DI 10.1175/2010EI368.1
PG 18
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 796TQ
UT WOS:000293075700001
ER
PT J
AU Apotsos, A
Gelfenbaum, G
Jaffe, B
Watt, S
Peck, B
Buckley, M
Stevens, A
AF Apotsos, Alex
Gelfenbaum, Guy
Jaffe, Bruce
Watt, Steve
Peck, Brian
Buckley, Mark
Stevens, Andrew
TI Tsunami inundation and sediment transport in a sediment-limited
embayment on American Samoa
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE tsunami inundation; sediment transport; South Pacific tsunami; numerical
modeling; American Samoa
ID RUN-UP; UNIFIED VIEW; WAVES; DEPOSITS; MODEL; CURRENTS; BATHYMETRY;
INDONESIA; COAST; ACEH
AB Field observations and numerical simulations are used to explore tsunami inundation and sediment transport in an embayment (Fagafue Bay) on the north side of Tutuila, American Samoa during the 29 September 2009 South Pacific tsunami. Field observations of the nearshore bathymetry and topography, tsunami flow depth and sediment deposition, and extent of movable sandy sediment remaining on the beach were collected during two field surveys approximately two and five weeks after the tsunami. Onshore measurements of flow depth at forty-eight locations indicate the wave inundated almost 250 m onshore with a depth exceeding 7 m locally. The tsunami deposited patchy areas of sediment up to 0.2 m thick interspersed with a thin dusting (<0.01 m) of sandy sediment throughout most of the inundated area. A numerical simulation based on the best available topography and bathymetry and a simplified offshore wave forcing is calibrated with the onshore flow observations. The calibrated model is used to simulate tsunami-induced sediment transport within and onshore of both the actual embayment and several idealized embayments. The simulations show that the onshore deposition of sediment can be affected by more than 50% by both the amount of sediment available for transport and the steepness of the onshore topography, suggesting these effects may need to be considered when interpreting tsunami deposits. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Apotsos, Alex; Gelfenbaum, Guy; Stevens, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Jaffe, Bruce; Watt, Steve; Buckley, Mark] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Peck, Brian] NRCS, USDA, Pago Pago, AS USA.
RP Apotsos, A (reprint author), 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94305 USA.
EM aapotsos@usgs.gov
RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012
OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920
FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology
Program
FX This research was funded by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship
and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Critical reviews from
Brian Atwater, Jessica Lacy, and two anonymous reviewers significantly
improved this manuscript.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 1
EP 11
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.11.001
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 796HD
UT WOS:000293041500002
ER
PT J
AU Gelfenbaum, G
Apotsos, A
Stevens, AW
Jaffe, B
AF Gelfenbaum, Guy
Apotsos, Alex
Stevens, Andrew W.
Jaffe, Bruce
TI Effects of fringing reefs on tsunami inundation: American Samoa
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE tsunami inundation; coral reefs; tsunami runup
ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; ISLANDS FIELD SURVEY; SRI-LANKA; COASTAL
VEGETATION; ASIAN TSUNAMI; CORAL-REEFS; PROPAGATION; MALDIVES;
DISASTERS; BARRIERS
AB A numerical model of tsunami inundation, Delft3D, which has been validated for the 29 September 2009 tsunami in Tutuila, American Samoa, is used to better understand the impact of fringing coral reefs and embayments on tsunami wave heights, inundation distances, and velocities. The inundation model is used to explore the general conditions under which fringing reefs act as coastal buffers against incoming tsunamis. Of particular interest is the response of tsunamis to reefs of varying widths, depths, and roughness, as well as the effects of channels incised in the reef and the focusing effect of embayments.
Model simulations for conditions similar to Tutuila, yet simplified to be uniform in the alongshore, suggest that for narrow reefs, less than about 200 m wide, the shoaling owing to shallow water depths over the fringing reef dominates, inducing greater wave heights onshore under some conditions and farther inundation inland. As the reef width increases, wave dissipation through bottom friction begins to dominate and the reef causes the tsunami wave heights to decrease and the tsunami to inundate less far inland. A sensitivity analysis suggests that coral reef roughness is important in determining the manner in which a fringing reef affects tsunami inundation. Smooth reefs are more likely to increase the onshore velocity within the tsunami compared to rough reefs. A larger velocity will likely result in an increased impact of the tsunami on structures and buildings.
Simulations developed to explore 2D coastal morphology show that incised channels similar to those found around Tutuila, as well as coastal embayments, also affect tsunami inundation, allowing larger waves to penetrate farther inland. The largest effect is found for channels located within embayments, and for embayments that narrow landward. These simulations suggest that embayments that narrow landward, such as Fagafue Bay on the north side of Tutuila, and that have an incised deep channel, can cause a significant increase in tsunami wave heights, inundation distances, and velocities. Wide embayments, similar in size to Massacre Bay, induce some tsunami amplification, but not as much as for the narrowing embayment. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Gelfenbaum, Guy; Apotsos, Alex; Stevens, Andrew W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Gelfenbaum, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov
RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012
OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920
FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; USGS Mendenhall Post-Doctoral
Program
FX The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program funded this work. AA was
funded by the USGS Mendenhall Post-Doctoral Program. Florence Wong
contributed to the GIS analysis of reef widths. Mark Buckley, Bruce
Richmond and Brian Peck participated in the field data collection after
the 29 September 2009 tsunami. Steve Watt contributed to field data
collection, GIS analysis and to creating figures. Their contributions
are greatly appreciated. The manuscript was improved by careful reviews
from Eric Geist, Marlene Noble, and two anonymous reviewers.
NR 53
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 12
EP 22
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.12.005
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 796HD
UT WOS:000293041500003
ER
PT J
AU Jaffe, B
Buckley, M
Richmond, B
Strotz, L
Etienne, S
Clark, K
Watt, S
Gelfenbaum, G
Goff, J
AF Jaffe, Bruce
Buckley, Mark
Richmond, Bruce
Strotz, Luke
Etienne, Samuel
Clark, Kate
Watt, Steve
Gelfenbaum, Guy
Goff, James
TI Flow speed estimated by inverse modeling of sandy sediment deposited by
the 29 September 2009 tsunami near Satitoa, east Upolu, Samoa
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE tsunami; sediment transport; Samoa; inverse model; suspension; grading
ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; FIELD SURVEY; NORTHERN JAPAN; EARTHQUAKE;
INDONESIA; TRANSPORT; HOKKAIDO; SUMATRA; FLORES; ISLAND
AB Sandy deposits from the 29 September 2009 tsunami on the east coast of Upolu, Samoa were investigated to document their characteristics and used to apply an inverse sediment transport model to estimate tsunami flow speed. Sandy deposits 6 to 15 cm thick formed from similar to 25 to similar to 250 m inland. Sedimentary layers in the deposits, that are defined by vertical grain size variation and contacts, are interpreted to have formed during onshore runup of two waves. Deposits at 3 locations (100, 170, and 240 m inland) contained two layers that are predominately normally graded (similar to 80%), but contained massive sections (similar to 15%) and inversely graded sections (similar to 5%) at their bases. About 75% of the total thickness of normally graded intervals exhibits a signature of sediment falling out of suspension at their top. This type of grading, termed suspension grading here, was first recognized in turbidity current deposits and is characterized by the entire distribution shifting finer upwards in a layer as high-settling velocity, coarser material deposits first and low-settling velocity finer material deposits last. The Jaffe and Gelfenbaum (2007) inverse sediment transport model was applied to intervals within layers that exhibited suspension grading to estimate tsunami flow speed and was able to reproduce the general trends of the observed suspension grading. A key unknown input in the modeling is the bottom roughness. For a bottom roughness parameterization using a Manning's n of 0.03 (equivalent to a z(0) similar to 0.006 m for the observed flow depths of 2-3 m) flow speeds calculated for the 2 layers at the 3 locations were 3.8, 3.6, and 3.7 m/s (bottom layer/earlier wave) and 4.4, 4.4, and 4.1 m/s (top layer/later wave) at 100, 170, and 240 m inland, respectively. These estimates are consistent with the similar to 3-8 m/s tsunami flow speed from boulder transport calculations and result in Froude numbers of similar to 0.7-1.0 when maximum measured flow depths are used. Because the inverse model assumes the deposit was formed by sediment falling out of suspension care must be taken to model only intervals of the deposit exhibiting suspension grading. Including intervals deposited by either bedload or suspended load transport convergences result in higher, and sometimes unrealistic, tsunami flow speed estimates. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Jaffe, Bruce; Buckley, Mark; Richmond, Bruce; Watt, Steve] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Strotz, Luke; Goff, James] Univ New S Wales, Australian Tsunami Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
[Etienne, Samuel] Univ Polynesie Francaise, Faaa 98702, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia.
[Clark, Kate] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
[Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Jaffe, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
EM bjaffe@usgs.gov; mbuckley@usgs.gov; brichmond@usgs.gov;
lukestrotz@gmail.com; Samuel.Etienne@upf.pf; K.Clark@gns.cri.nz;
g.gelfenbaum@usgs.gov; jgoff@gmail.com
RI Etienne, Samuel/C-4455-2011; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012;
OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Strotz, Luke/0000-0002-8818-1832
FU US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Samoan
Government; UNESCO
FX The US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program funded this
work. We wish to thank Faigame Sale for assistance in the field. This
paper was improved by reviews from Rob Witter, Michaela Spiske, and Alex
Apotsos. We gratefully thank the support of the Samoan Government, the
Samoan people and UNESCO during the UNESCO-IOC International Tsunami
Survey.
NR 63
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 23
EP 37
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.009
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 796HD
UT WOS:000293041500004
ER
PT J
AU Richmond, BM
Buckley, M
Etienne, S
Chague-Goff, C
Clark, K
Goff, J
Dominey-Howes, D
Strotz, L
AF Richmond, Bruce M.
Buckley, Mark
Etienne, Samuel
Chague-Goff, Catherine
Clark, Kate
Goff, James
Dominey-Howes, Dale
Strotz, Luke
TI Deposits, flow characteristics, and landscape change resulting from the
September 2009 South Pacific tsunami in the Samoan islands
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE Samoa; tsunami; tsunami deposits; boulders; sand sheets
ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; SEDIMENTARY DIFFERENCES; HOLOCENE TSUNAMIS;
WASHINGTON-STATE; NEW-ZEALAND; STORM; EARTHQUAKE; COAST; RECORD; BAY
AB The September 29th 2009 tsunami caused widespread coastal modification within the islands of Samoa and northern Tonga in the South Pacific. Preliminary measurements indicate maximum runup values of around 17 m (Okal et al., 2010) and shore-normal inundation distances of up to similar to 620 m (Jaffe et al., 2010). Geological field reconnaissance studies were conducted as part of an UNESCO-IOC International Tsunami Survey Team survey within three weeks of the event in order to document the erosion, transport, and deposition of sediment by the tsunami. Data collected included: a) general morphology and geological characteristics of the coast, b) evidence of tsunami flow (inundation, flow depth and direction, wave height and runup), c) surficial and subsurface sediment samples including deposit thickness and extent, d) topographic mapping, and e) boulder size and location measurements. Four main types of sedimentary deposits were identified: a) gravel fields consisting mostly of isolated cobbles and boulders, b) sand sheets from a few to similar to 25 cm thick, c) piles of organic (mostly vegetation) and man-made material forming debris ramparts, and d) surface mud deposits that settled from suspension from standing water in the tsunami aftermath. Tsunami deposits within the reef system were not widespread, however, surficial changes to the reefs were observed. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Richmond, Bruce M.; Buckley, Mark] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Etienne, Samuel] Univ Polynesie Francaise, Faaa 98702, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia.
[Chague-Goff, Catherine; Goff, James; Dominey-Howes, Dale; Strotz, Luke] Univ New S Wales, Australian Tsunami Res Ctr, Sch BEES, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Environm Res, Kirrawee Dc, Australia.
[Clark, Kate] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
RP Richmond, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
EM brichmond@usgs.gov; mbuckley@usgs.gov; Samuel.Etienne@upf.pf;
c.chague-goff@unsw.edu.au; K.Clark@gns.cri.nz; j.goff@unsw.edu.au;
dale.dh@unsw.edu.au; lukestrotz@gmail.com
RI Etienne, Samuel/C-4455-2011;
OI Strotz, Luke/0000-0002-8818-1832
FU Australian Research Council [DP0877572]; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal
and Marine Geology Program; Samoan Government; UNESCO
FX Walter Dudley, University of Hawaii, Hilo, and Brian McAdoo, Vassar
College, NY provided field assistance, insights, and participated in
numerous discussions both in American Samoa and Independent Samoa. Bruce
Jaffe, Guy Gelfenbaum, Steve watt, and Alex Apotsos, from the U.S.
Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program, assisted with
field work on Tutuila. Peter Gurr of Tutuila provided video of tsunami
flow at Malinoa. Mr Faigame "Me" Sale from the Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment, Meteorology Division contributed
substantially to the Upolu and Savai'i surveys. Their contributions are
greatly appreciated. We acknowledge funding support from the Australian
Research Council grant DP0877572, and the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal
and Marine Geology Program. We gratefully thank the support of the
Samoan Government, the Samoan people and UNESCO during the UNESCO-IOC
International Tsunami Survey. The manuscript benefited greatly from
external reviews by David Tappin and Raphael Paris.
NR 49
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PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 38
EP 51
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.008
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 796HD
UT WOS:000293041500005
ER
PT J
AU Fritz, HM
Borrero, JC
Synolakis, CE
Okal, EA
Weiss, R
Titov, VV
Jaffe, BE
Foteinis, S
Lynett, PJ
Chan, IC
Liu, PLF
AF Fritz, Hermann M.
Borrero, Jose C.
Synolakis, Costas E.
Okal, Emile A.
Weiss, Robert
Titov, Vasily V.
Jaffe, Bruce E.
Foteinis, Spyros
Lynett, Patrick J.
Chan, I. -Chi
Liu, Philip L. -F.
TI Insights on the 2009 South Pacific tsunami in Samoa and Tonga from field
surveys and numerical simulations
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE tsunami; earthquake; South Pacific; Samoa; Tonga
ID EARTHQUAKE
AB An M(w)approximate to 8.1 earthquake south of the Samoan Islands on 29 September 2009 generated a tsunami that killed 189 people. From 4 to 11 October, an International Tsunami Survey Team surveyed the seven major islands of the Samoan archipelago. The team measured locally focused runup heights of 17 m at Poloa and inundation of more than 500 m at Pago Pago. A follow-up expedition from 23 to 28 November surveying the three main islands of Tonga's northernmost Niua group revealed surprising 22 m runup and 1 km inundation. We analyze the extreme tsunami runup and complex impact distribution based on physical and societal observations combined with numerical modeling. That an outer rise/outer trench slope (OR/OTS) event is responsible for a tsunami disaster in the Pacific calls for care in identifying and defining tsunami hazards. Evacuation exercises conducted in Samoa in the preceding year may have limited the human toll; however, cars were identified as potential death traps during tsunami evacuations. This event highlights the extreme hazards from near source tsunamis when the earthquake's shaking constitutes the de facto warning, and further underscores the importance of community based education and awareness programs as essential in saving lives. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fritz, Hermann M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA.
[Borrero, Jose C.] ASR Ltd, Raglan 3225, New Zealand.
[Borrero, Jose C.; Synolakis, Costas E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Synolakis, Costas E.; Foteinis, Spyros] Tech Univ Crete, Dept Environm Engn, Chanea 73100, Greece.
[Okal, Emile A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL USA.
[Weiss, Robert] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX USA.
[Titov, Vasily V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Jaffe, Bruce E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Lynett, Patrick J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Chan, I. -Chi; Liu, Philip L. -F.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Fritz, HM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA.
EM fritz@gatech.edu
RI Lynett, Patrick/A-1458-2011; Weiss, Robert/B-8060-2012; Synolakis,
Costas/B-3197-2008; Liu, Philip/E-3619-2013; Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013;
Lynett, Patrick/B-5932-2014; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012;
OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; Fritz,
Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401; Lynett, Patrick/0000-0002-2856-9405; Jaffe,
Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829; Foteinis,
Spyros/0000-0003-1471-578X
FU National Science Foundation NSF [OCE-1000694]
FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation NSF
RAPID-award OCE-1000694.
NR 18
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PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 66
EP 75
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.004
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 796HD
UT WOS:000293041500007
ER
PT J
AU Etienne, S
Buckley, M
Paris, R
Nandasena, AK
Clark, K
Strotz, L
Chague-Goff, C
Goff, J
Richmond, B
AF Etienne, Samuel
Buckley, Mark
Paris, Raphael
Nandasena, Aruna K.
Clark, Kate
Strotz, Luke
Chague-Goff, Catherine
Goff, James
Richmond, Bruce
TI The use of boulders for characterising past tsunamis: Lessons from the
2004 Indian Ocean and 2009 South Pacific tsunamis
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE boulder deposit; tsunami; Samoa; Indonesia; geomorphology; transport
simulation
ID ENERGY LITTORAL ENVIRONMENT; EMPLACED COARSE DEBRIS; SUMATRA-ANDAMAN
EARTHQUAKE; TOP STORM DEPOSITS; BANDA ACEH SUMATRA; ROCKY SHORELINES;
DECEMBER 26; SEDIMENTARY FEATURES; EXTREME WAVES; PAKARANG CAPE
AB Tsunamis are high energy events capable of transporting extremely heavy loads including boulders. We compare boulder deposits created by two modern tsunami events, the 2004 Indian Ocean and the 2009 South Pacific tsunamis, where the boulder sources were in similar topographic settings, and for which we have accurate data on the wave characteristics. Boulder distribution, preferential orientation and numerical simulation of boulder transport are discussed. A comparison between the impacts of the South Pacific and Indian Ocean tsunamis shows similar characteristics, such as limited landward extent and the absence of landward fining. Differences between the results from modelling and field data are most probably caused by variables such as coastal plain roughness (buildings, trees), microtopography, particle shape, and boulder collision during transport that are summarised as coefficients in the mathematical models. Characterising modern events through coarse sediment deposits provides valuable information to help identify and interpret palaeo-tsunami imprints on coastal landscapes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Etienne, Samuel] Univ Polynesie Francaise, Faaa, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia.
[Etienne, Samuel; Paris, Raphael] MSH, CNRS, GEOLAB UMR6042, F-63057 Clermont Ferrand 1, France.
[Buckley, Mark; Richmond, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Nandasena, Aruna K.] Saitama Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Sakura Ku, Saitama 3388570, Japan.
[Clark, Kate] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
[Strotz, Luke; Chague-Goff, Catherine; Goff, James] Univ New S Wales, Australian Tsunami Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
[Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia.
RP Etienne, S (reprint author), Univ Polynesie Francaise, BP 6590, Faaa, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia.
EM samuel.etienne@upf.pf
RI Etienne, Samuel/C-4455-2011;
OI Strotz, Luke/0000-0002-8818-1832
NR 116
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U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 76
EP 90
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.12.006
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 796HD
UT WOS:000293041500008
ER
PT J
AU Goff, J
Chague-Goff, C
Dominey-Howes, D
McAdoo, B
Cronin, S
Bonte-Grapetin, M
Nichol, S
Horrocks, M
Cisternas, M
Lamarche, G
Pelletier, B
Jaffe, B
Dudley, W
AF Goff, James
Chague-Goff, Catherine
Dominey-Howes, Dale
McAdoo, Brian
Cronin, Shane
Bonte-Grapetin, Michael
Nichol, Scott
Horrocks, Mark
Cisternas, Marco
Lamarche, Geoffroy
Pelletier, Bernard
Jaffe, Bruce
Dudley, Walter
TI Palaeotsunamis in the Pacific Islands
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE Pacific Island Countries; Palaeotsunami; sources; risk
ID NEW-ZEALAND; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; NATURAL HAZARDS; SEPTEMBER 2009; TSUNAMI;
EARTHQUAKES; AUSTRALIA; KNOWLEDGE; RECORD; KAUAI
AB The recent 29 September 2009 South Pacific and 27 February 2010 Chilean events are a graphic reminder that the tsunami hazard and risk for the Pacific Ocean region should not be forgotten. Pacific Islands Countries (PICs) generally have short ( < 150 years) historic records, which means that to understand their tsunami hazard and risk researchers must study evidence for prehistoric events. However, our current state of knowledge of palaeotsunamis in PICs as opposed to their circum-Pacific counterparts is minimal at best. We briefly outline the limited extent of our current knowledge and propose an innovative methodology for future research in the Pacific. Each PLC represents a point source of information in the Pacific Ocean and this would allow their palaeotsunami records to be treated akin to palaeo-DART (R) (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) buoys. Contemporaneous palaeotsunamis from local, regional and distant sources could be identified by using the spatial distribution of island records throughout the Pacific Ocean in conjunction with robust event chronologies. This would be highly innovative and, more importantly, would help provide the building blocks necessary to achieve more meaningful disaster risk reduction for PICs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Goff, James; Chague-Goff, Catherine; Dominey-Howes, Dale] Univ New S Wales, Australian Tsunami Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
[Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl & Sci Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia.
[McAdoo, Brian] Vassar Coll, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA.
[Cronin, Shane] Massey Univ, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
[Bonte-Grapetin, Michael] SOPAC Pacific Isl Appl Geosci Commiss, Suva, Fiji.
[Horrocks, Mark] Microfossil Res, Auckland 1024, New Zealand.
[Cisternas, Marco] Pontificio Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso 1, Chile.
[Lamarche, Geoffroy] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Wellington 6241, New Zealand.
[Pelletier, Bernard] IRD, Port Vila, Vanuatu.
[Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Dudley, Walter] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
RP Goff, J (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Australian Tsunami Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
EM j.goff@unsw.edu.au; c.chague-goff@unsw.edu.au; dale.dh@unsw.edu.au;
brmcadoo@vassar.edu; S.J.Cronin@massey.ac.nz; michael@sopac.org;
slnichol@tpg.com.au; info@microfossilresearch.com;
marco.cisternas@ucv.cl; g.lamarche@niwa.co.nz;
bernard.pelletier@noumea.ird.nc; bjaffe@usgs.gov; Dudley@hawaii.edu
RI Lamarche, Geoffroy/C-5777-2008; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Pelletier,
Bernard/J-8106-2016;
OI Lamarche, Geoffroy/0000-0003-1933-8258; Jaffe,
Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Pelletier, Bernard/0000-0002-9993-1395;
Cronin, Shane/0000-0001-7499-603X
NR 41
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 141
EP 146
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.10.005
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 796HD
UT WOS:000293041500013
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, RI
Dengler, LA
Goltz, JD
Legg, MR
Miller, KM
Ritchie, A
Whitmore, PM
AF Wilson, Rick I.
Dengler, Lori A.
Goltz, James D.
Legg, Mark R.
Miller, Kevin M.
Ritchie, Andy
Whitmore, Paul M.
TI Emergency response and field observation activities of geoscientists in
California (USA) during the September 29, 2009, Samoa Tsunami
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE Tsunami; emergency management; geoscientist; field observations; warning
center; local operational areas
AB State geoscientists (geologists, geophysicists, seismologists, and engineers) in California work closely with federal, state and local government emergency managers to help prepare coastal communities for potential impacts from a tsunami before, during, and after an event. For teletsunamis, as scientific information (forecast model wave heights, first-wave arrival times, etc.) from NOAA's West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center is made available, federal- and state-level emergency managers must help convey this information in a concise, comprehensible and timely manner to local officials who ultimately determine the appropriate response activities for their jurisdictions. During the September 29, 2009 Tsunami Advisory for California, government geoscientists assisted the California Emergency Management Agency by providing technical assistance during teleconference meetings with NOAA and other state and local emergency managers prior to the arrival of the tsunami. This technical assistance included background information on anticipated tidal conditions when the tsunami was set to arrive, wave height estimates from state-modeled scenarios for areas not covered by NOAA's forecast models, and clarifying which regions of the state were at greatest risk. Over the last year, state geoscientists have started to provide additional assistance: 1) working closely with NOAA to simplify their tsunami alert messaging and expand their forecast modeling coverage; 2) creating "playbooks" containing information from existing tsunami scenarios for local emergency managers to reference during an event; and, 3) developing a state-level information "clearinghouse" and pre-tsunami field response team to assist local officials as well as observe and report tsunami effects. Activities of geoscientists were expanded during the more recent Tsunami Advisory on February 27, 2010, including deploying a geologist from the California Geological Survey as a field observer who provided information back to emergency managers. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wilson, Rick I.] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
[Dengler, Lori A.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Goltz, James D.] Calif Emergency Management Agcy, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Legg, Mark R.] Legg Geophys, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA.
[Miller, Kevin M.] Calif Emergency Management Agcy, Oakland, CA 94612 USA.
[Ritchie, Andy] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Whitmore, Paul M.] NOAA NWS, W Coast Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA.
RP Wilson, RI (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St MS 12-31, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
EM Rick.Wilson@conservation.ca.gov; Lori.Dengler@humboldt.edu;
Jim.Goltz@calema.ca.gov; mrlegg@verizon.net; Kevin.Miller@calema.ca.gov;
aritchie@usgs.gov; Paul.Whitmore@noaa.gov
FU NOAA/NTHMP
FX The authors would like to thank NOAA/NTHMP for supporting tsunami hazard
mitigation and response activities in California. Thank you also to the
NOAA-NWS Warning Coordination Meteorologists and the state and county
emergency managers who are part of the California Tsunami Program
Steering Committee for their participation in the post-event survey.
NR 14
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PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 193
EP 200
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.01.010
PG 8
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 796HD
UT WOS:000293041500017
ER
PT J
AU Williams, DA
Keszthelyi, LP
Crown, DA
Yff, JA
Jaeger, WL
Schenk, PM
Geissler, PE
Becker, TL
AF Williams, David A.
Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.
Crown, David A.
Yff, Jessica A.
Jaeger, Windy L.
Schenk, Paul M.
Geissler, Paul E.
Becker, Tammy L.
TI Volcanism on Io: New insights from global geologic mapping
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Io; Volcanism; Geologic mapping; Galileo misssion
ID GALILEO IMAGING DATA; JUPITERS MOON IO; SILICATE VOLCANISM; FLOW
EMPLACEMENT; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; COLOR VARIATIONS; SULFUR FLOW; SO2 FROST;
SURFACE; MOUNTAINS
AB We produced the first complete, 1:15 M-scale global geologic map of Jupiter's moon Io, based on a set of monochrome and color Galileo-Voyager image mosaics produced at a spatial resolution of 1 km/pixel. The surface of Io was mapped into 19 units based on albedo, color and surface morphology, and is subdivided as follows: plains (65.8% of surface), lava flow fields (28.5%), mountains (3.2%), and patera floors (2.5%). Diffuse deposits (DD) that mantle the other units cover similar to 18% of Io's surface, and are distributed as follows: red (8.6% of surface), white (6.9%), yellow (2.1%), black (0.6%), and green (similar to 0.01%). Analyses of the geographical and areal distribution of these units yield a number of results, summarized below. (1) The distribution of plains units of different colors is generally geographically constrained: Red-brown plains occur >+/- 30 latitude, and are thought to result from enhanced alteration of other units induced by radiation coming in from the poles. White plains (possibly dominated by SO(2) + contaminants) occur mostly in the equatorial antijovian region (+/- 30 degrees, 90-230 W), possibly indicative of a regional cold trap. Outliers of white, yellow, and red-brown plains in other regions may result from long-term accumulation of white, yellow, and red diffuse deposits, respectively. (2) Bright (possibly sulfur-rich) flow fields make up 30% more lava flow fields than dark (presumably silicate) flows (56.5% vs. 43.5%), and only 18% of bright flow fields occur within 10 km of dark flow fields. These results suggest that secondary sulfurous volcanism (where a bright-dark association is expected) could be responsible for only a fraction of Io's recent bright flows, and that primary sulfur-rich effusions could be an important component of Io's recent volcanism. An unusual concentration of bright flows at similar to 45-75 degrees N, similar to 60-120 degrees W could be indicative of more extensive primary sulfurous volcanism in the recent past. However, it remains unclear whether most bright flows are bright because they are sulfur flows, or because they are cold silicate flows covered in sulfur-rich particles from plume fallout. (3) We mapped 425 paterae (volcano-tectonic depressions), up from 417 previously identified by Radebaugh et al. (Radebaugh, J., Keszthelyi, L.P., McEwen, AS., Turtle, E.P., Jaeger, W., Milazzo, M. [2001]. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 33005-33020). Although these features cover only 2.5% of Io's surface, they correspond to 64% of all detected hot spots; 45% of all hot spots are associated with the freshest dark patera floors, reflecting the importance of active silicate volcanism to Io's heat flow. (4) Mountains cover only 3% of the surface, although the transition from mountains to plains is gradational with the available imagery. 49% of all mountains are lineated and presumably layered, showing evidence of linear structures supportive of a tectonic origin. In contrast, only 6% of visible mountains are mottled (showing hummocks indicative of mass wasting) and 4% are tholi (domes or shields), consistent with a volcanic origin. (5) Initial analyses of the geographic distributions of map units show no significant longitudinal variation in the quantity of Io's mountains or paterae, in contrast to earlier studies. This is because we use the area of mountain and patera materials as opposed to the number of structures, and our result suggests that the previously proposed anti-correlation of mountains and paterae (Schenk, P., Hargitai, H., Wilson, R., McEwen, A., Thomas, P. [2001]. J. Geophys. Res.
106, 33201-3222; Kirchoff, M.R., McKinnon, W.B., Schenk, P.M. [2011]. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 301, 22-30) is more complex than previously thought. There is also a slight decrease in surface area of lava flows toward the poles of Io, perhaps indicative of variations in volcanic activity. (6) The freshest bright and dark flows make up about 29% of all of Io's flow fields, suggesting active emplacement is occurring in less than a third of Io's visible lava fields. (7) About 47% of Io's diffuse deposits (by area) are red, presumably deriving their color from condensed sulfur gas, and similar to 38% are white, presumably dominated by condensed SO(2). The much greater areal extent of gas-derived diffuse deposits (red + white, 85%) compared to presumably pyroclast-bearing diffuse deposits (dark (silicate tephra)+ yellow (sulfur-rich tephra), 15%) indicates that there is effective separation between the transport of tephra and gas in many Ionian explosive eruptions. Future improvements in the geologic mapping of Io can be obtained via (a) investigating the relationships between different color/material units that are geographically and temporally associated, (b) better analysis of the temporal variations in the map units, and (c) additional high-resolution images (spatial resolutions similar to 200 m/pixel or better). These improvements would be greatly facilitated by new data, which could be obtained by future missions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Williams, David A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.; Yff, Jessica A.; Jaeger, Windy L.; Geissler, Paul E.; Becker, Tammy L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Crown, David A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Schenk, Paul M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Williams, DA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
EM David.Williams@asu.edu
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG05GH43G, NNX08AQ66G]
FX The authors thank Rosaly Lopes for a very constructive review. The
authors would like to acknowledge all of the engineers, scientists, and
managers who helped bring NASA's Voyager and Galileo missions to
fruition, without which we would not have had the data to produce this
map. In particular, we would like to thank Ken Klaasen, Herb Breneman,
Greg Louvanis, and colleagues at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory for
their hard work obtaining and processing the Io data obtained during the
Galileo mission. We would like to thank all of our colleagues in the
Galileo 10 Working Group, attendees of the Io Workshops over the last 15
years, and members of the outer satellites community who have provided
years of useful discussion and insights, particularly Alfred McEwen,
Rosaly Lopes, and John Spencer for their lead roles in acquiring Io data
from the Galileo SSI, NIMS, and PPR instruments, respectively. The lead
author would like to thank Ronald Greeley for the opportunity to rejoin
the Galileo SSI Team as an associate and work on the project during the
extended mission. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration through the Outer Planets Research Program
Grants NNG05GH43G and NNX08AQ66G.
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PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 214
IS 1
BP 91
EP 112
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.007
PG 22
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 793WC
UT WOS:000292853600008
ER
PT J
AU Bernhardt, CE
Stanley, JD
Horton, BP
AF Bernhardt, Christopher E.
Stanley, Jean-Daniel
Horton, Benjamin P.
TI Wetland Vegetation in Manzala Lagoon, Nile Delta Coast, Egypt: Rapid
Responses of Pollen to Altered Nile Hydrology and Land Use
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Aswan; darns; delta wetlands; hydrologic changes; land use; Manzala
lagoon; Nile delta; Nile River; organics; pollen zones; pollutants
ID COMBINING ORGANIC PETROGRAPHY; ASSESS ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS; LAKE
MANZALA; EVERGLADES; PALYNOLOGY; PEATLANDS; ISLANDS; EXAMPLE; FLORIDA;
RIVER
AB The pollen record in a sediment core from Manzala lagoon on the Nile delta coastal margin of Egypt, deposited from ca. AD 1860 to 1990, indicates rapid coastal wetland vegetation responses to two primary periods of human activity. These are associated with artificially altered Nile hydrologic regimes in proximal areas and distal sectors located to similar to 1200 km south of Manzala. Freshwater wetland plants that were dominant, such as Typha and Phragmites, decreased rapidly, whereas in the early 1900s, brackish water wetland species (e.g., Amaranthaceae) increased. This change occurred after closure of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. The second major modification in the pollen record occurred in the early 1970s, after Aswan High Dam closure from 1965 to 1970, when Typha pollen abundance increased rapidly. Massive population growth occurred along the Nile during the 130 years represented by the core section. During this time, the total volume of lagoon water decreased because of conversion of wetland areas to agricultural land, and input of organic-rich sediment, sewage (municipal, agricultural, industrial), and fertilizer in Manzala lagoon increased markedly. Although the wetland plant community has continued to respond to increasingly intensified and varied human-induced pressures in proximal sectors, the two most marked changes in Manzala pollen best correlate with distal events (i.e., closure of the two dams at Aswan). The study also shows that the two major vegetation changes in Manzala lagoon each occurred less than 10 years after closure upriver of the Low and High dams that markedly altered the Nile regime from Upper Egypt to the coast.
C1 [Bernhardt, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Bernhardt, Christopher E.; Horton, Benjamin P.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Stanley, Jean-Daniel] Smithsonian Inst, Geoarchaeol Program, NMNH E 205, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
RP Bernhardt, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM cbernhardt@usgs.gov
FU University of Pennsylvania; palynological laboratory at the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS), Reston, VA
FX We thank the University of Pennsylvania for awarding a Paleobiology
Stipend (to CEB), and for support from the palynological laboratory at
the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Reston, VA. The Smithsonian
Institution's Delta-Global Change Program in Egypt authorized access to
core samples at the National Museum of Natural History. Drs. Debra
Willard and Lynn Wingard (USGS) and anonymous reviewers provided
insightful suggestions that significantly improved the original
manuscript.
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PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI COCONUT CREEK
PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA
SN 0749-0208
EI 1551-5036
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 4
BP 731
EP 737
DI 10.2112/10A-00001.1
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 795DL
UT WOS:000292951600013
ER
PT J
AU Kuehn, DM
D'Luhosch, PD
Luzadis, VA
Malmsheimer, RW
Schuster, RM
AF Kuehn, Diane M.
D'Luhosch, Peter D.
Luzadis, Valerie A.
Malmsheimer, Robert W.
Schuster, Rudolph M.
TI Attitudes and Intentions of Off-Highway Vehicle Riders toward Trail Use:
Implications for Forest Managers
SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE off-highway vehicle; attitudes; intentions; trail use
ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; PARTICIPATION; EXPERIENCES; APPEALS
AB Management of off-highway vehicles (OHV) in public forest areas requires up-to-date information about the attitudes and intentions of OHV riders toward trail use. A survey of 811 members of the New England Trail Riders Association was conducted in fall 2007; 380 questionnaires were completed and returned. Descriptive statistics and regressions were used to identify relationships between OHV rider attitudes, management preferences, and intentions toward two trail use-related behaviors (i.e., illegal use of trails by OHVs and the creation and/or use of unauthorized trails by OHV riders). Results reveal that the average responding association member has a negative attitude toward the two depreciative behaviors, intends to ride OHVs legally, and slightly prefers indirect over direct forms of management. Significant relationships between intentions and both attitudes and management preferences are identified. Policy and management implications and strategies are discussed.
C1 [Kuehn, Diane M.; Luzadis, Valerie A.; Malmsheimer, Robert W.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
[D'Luhosch, Peter D.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA.
[Schuster, Rudolph M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Kuehn, DM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 320 Bray Hall,1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
EM dmkuehn@esf.edu; pxdluhos@gw.dec.state.us.ny; vluzadis@esf.edu;
rwmalmsh@esf.edu; schusterr@usgs.gov
OI Malmsheimer, Robert/0000-0001-9446-6589
FU USDA
FX The authors thank the many natural resource managers throughout the
northeast who provided input into this study, the Board of Directors of
New England Trail Riders Association (NETRA) for their assistance
throughout the survey process, the Sunday Rock All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)
Club for their participation in the review of the survey, the NETRA
members who participated in the survey, and the two anonymous reviewers
of this article. This study was funded by the USDA McIntire-Stennis
Program administered by the State University of New York Research
Foundation at State University of New York College of Environmental
Science and Forestry.
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PU SOC AMER FORESTERS
PI BETHESDA
PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-1201
J9 J FOREST
JI J. For.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 5
BP 281
EP 287
PG 7
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 795DU
UT WOS:000292952500005
ER
PT J
AU Sherfy, MH
Anteau, MJ
Bishop, AA
AF Sherfy, Mark H.
Anteau, Michael J.
Bishop, Andrew A.
TI Agricultural Practices and Residual Corn During Spring Crane and
Waterfowl Migration in Nebraska
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE agriculture; food; Nebraska; Platte River; sandhill crane; spring
migration; waste corn; waterfowl
ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; LESSER SNOW GEESE; SCAUP AYTHYA-AFFINIS;
SANDHILL CRANES; CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; HABITAT USE; WINTERING WATERFOWL;
CARRYING-CAPACITY; MANAGED WETLANDS; FEEDING ECOLOGY
AB Nebraska's Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) is a major spring-staging area for migratory birds. Over 6 million ducks, geese, and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) stage there en route to tundra, boreal forest, and prairie breeding habitats, storing nutrients for migration and reproduction by consuming primarily corn remaining in fields after harvest (hereafter residual corn). In springs 2005-2007, we measured residual corn density in randomly selected harvested cornfields during early (n = 188) and late migration (n = 143) periods. We estimated the mean density of residual corn for the CPRV and examined the influence of agricultural practices (post-harvest field management) and migration period on residual corn density. During the early migration period, residual corn density was greater in idle harvested fields than any other treatments of fields (42%, 48%, 53%, and 92% more than grazed, grazed and mulched, mulched, and tilled fields, respectively). Depletion of residual corn from early to late migration did not differ among post-harvest treatments but was greatest during the year when overall corn density was lowest (2006). Geometric mean early-migration residual corn density for the CPRV in 2005-2007 (42.4 kg/ha; 95% CI = 35.2-51.5 kg/ha) was markedly lower than previously published estimates, indicating that there has been a decrease in abundance of residual corn available to waterfowl during spring staging. Increases in harvest efficiency have been implicated as a cause for decreasing corn densities since the 1970s. However, our data show that post-harvest management of cornfields also can substantially influence the density of residual corn remaining in fields during spring migration. Thus, managers may be able to influence abundance of high-energy foods for spring-staging migratory birds in the CPRV through programs that influence post-harvest management of cornfields. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Sherfy, Mark H.; Anteau, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
[Bishop, Andrew A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Grand Isl, NE 68801 USA.
RP Sherfy, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM msherfy@usgs.gov
FU United States Geological Survey
FX We thank the many technicians who endured challenging field conditions
to collect residual corn data in Nebraska, as well as the many private
landowners who gave us permission to sample their harvested cornfields.
We thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the United States
Department of Agriculture Farm Services Agency, the Central Platte
Natural Resources District, and the Fish and Wildlife Service, Grand
Island, Nebraska, for logistical support. This study was funded by the
United States Geological Survey Science Support Program, and we thank J.
Dubovsky for assistance with securing project funds. We thank G. Krapu,
A. Pearse, and D. Brandt, for technical assistance and advice on
dynamics of migratory birds and corn in Nebraska, and A. Pearse, M.
Vrtiska, and 2 anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews of the
manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States
Government.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 5
BP 995
EP 1003
DI 10.1002/jwmg.157
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 794BZ
UT WOS:000292871600003
ER
PT J
AU Anteau, MJ
Sherfy, MH
Bishop, AA
AF Anteau, Michael J.
Sherfy, Mark H.
Bishop, Andrew A.
TI Location and Agricultural Practices Influence Spring Use of Harvested
Cornfields by Cranes and Geese in Nebraska
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE agriculture; behavior; corn; crane; food; goose; maize; Platte River;
staging; stopover
ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; MIDCONTINENT SANDHILL CRANES; SCAUP AYTHYA-AFFINIS;
CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; HABITAT USE; FEEDING ECOLOGY; UPPER-MIDWEST;
PLATTE RIVER; WASTE CORN; MIGRATION
AB Millions of ducks, geese, and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; hereafter cranes) stop in the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) of Nebraska to store nutrients for migration and reproduction by consuming corn remaining in fields after harvest. We examined factors that influence use of cornfields by cranes and geese (all mid-continent species combined; e. g., Anser, Chen, and Branta spp.) because it is a key step to efficient conservation planning aimed at ensuring that adequate food resources are available to migratory birds stopping in the CPRV. Distance to night-time roost site, segment of the CPRV (west to east), and agricultural practices (post-harvest treatment of cornfields: idle, grazed, mulched, mulched and grazed, and tilled) were the most important and influential variables in our models for geese and cranes. Probability of cornfield use by geese and cranes decreased with increasing distance from the closest potential roosting site. The use of cornfields by geese increased with the density of corn present there during the early migration period, but field use by cranes appeared not to be influenced by early migration corn density. However, probability of cornfield use by cranes did increase with the amount of wet grassland habitat within 4.8 km of the field. Geese were most likely to use fields that were tilled and least likely to use fields that were mulched and grazed. Cranes were most likely to use fields that were mulched and least likely to use fields that were tilled, but grazing appeared not to influence the likelihood of field use by cranes. Geese were more likely to use cornfields in western segments of the CPRV, but cranes were more likely to use cornfields in eastern segments. Our data suggest that managers could favor crane use of fields and reduce direct competition with geese by reducing fall and spring tilling and increasing mulching. Moreover, crane conservation efforts would be most beneficial if they were focused in the eastern portions of the CPRV and in fields as close as possible to both known roosting and large amounts of wet grassland habitats. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Anteau, Michael J.; Sherfy, Mark H.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
[Bishop, Andrew A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Grand Isl, NE 68801 USA.
RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM manteau@usgs.gov
FU United States Geological Survey
FX We thank the many technicians who endured challenging field conditions
to collect residual corn data in Nebraska, as well as the many private
landowners who gave us permission to sample their harvested cornfields.
We thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the U.S. Department of
Agriculture Farm Services Agency, the Central Platte Natural Resources
District, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Grand Island,
Nebraska, for logistical support. This study was funded by the United
States Geological Survey Science Support Program, and we thank J.
Dubovsky for assistance with securing project funds. We thank B. Cox Jr,
G. Krapu, A. Pearse, and D. Brandt for technical assistance and advice
on dynamics of migratory birds and corn in Nebraska, and R. Kaminski, A.
Pearse, M. Vrtiska, and an anonymous reviewer for their critical reviews
of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United
States Government.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 5
BP 1004
EP 1011
DI 10.1002/jwmg.135
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 794BZ
UT WOS:000292871600004
ER
PT J
AU Fedy, BC
Aldridge, CL
AF Fedy, Bradley C.
Aldridge, Cameron L.
TI The Importance of Within-Year Repeated Counts and the Influence of Scale
on Long-Term Monitoring of Sage-Grouse
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Centrocercus urophasianus; generalized additive models; greater
sage-grouse; lek; monitoring; population trends; Wyoming
ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; POPULATION-CYCLES;
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; HABITAT SELECTION; TRENDS; BIRDS; LEK; ATTENDANCE;
CLIMATE
AB Long-term population monitoring is the cornerstone of animal conservation and management. The accuracy and precision of models developed using monitoring data can be influenced by the protocols guiding data collection. The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a species of concern that has been monitored over decades, primarily, by counting the number of males that attend lek (breeding) sites. These lek count data have been used to assess long-term population trends and for multiple mechanistic studies. However, some studies have questioned the efficacy of lek counts to accurately identify population trends. In response, monitoring protocols were changed to have a goal of counting lek sites multiple times within a season. We assessed the influence of this change in monitoring protocols on model accuracy and precision applying generalized additive models to describe trends over time. We found that at large spatial scales including > 50 leks, the absence of repeated counts within a year did not significantly alter population trend estimates or interpretation. Increasing sample size decreased the model confidence intervals. We developed a population trend model for Wyoming greater sage-grouse from 1965 to 2008, identifying significant changes in the population indices and capturing the cyclic nature of this species. Most sage-grouse declines in Wyoming occurred between 1965 and the 1990s and lek count numbers generally increased from the mid-1990s to 2008. Our results validate the combination of monitoring data collected under different protocols in past and future studies-provided those studies are addressing large-scale questions. We suggest that a larger sample of individual leks is preferable to multiple counts of a smaller sample of leks. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Fedy, Bradley C.; Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Fedy, Bradley C.; Aldridge, Cameron L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Fedy, BC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM bcfedy@gmail.com
RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011;
OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043
FU United States Geological Survey
FX We would like to thank M. O'Donnell for help with the analysis. T.
Christiansen facilitated access to the lek data and provided many useful
insights into the dataset and manuscript. We thank R. Fewster for
pioneering the approaches we used and for taking the time to discuss
them with us. We also thank the many individuals who collected lek count
data for sage-grouse in Wyoming. Comments from J. Sedinger, B. Noon, J.
Connelly, P. Coates, and 2 anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript.
This study was supported by United States Geological Survey funding to
the Fort Collins Science Center, for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation
Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States
Government.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 5
BP 1022
EP 1033
DI 10.1002/jwmg.155
PG 12
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 794BZ
UT WOS:000292871600006
ER
PT J
AU Hollenbeck, JP
Saab, VA
Frenzel, RW
AF Hollenbeck, Jeff P.
Saab, Victoria A.
Frenzel, Richard W.
TI Habitat Suitability and Nest Survival of White-Headed Woodpeckers in
Unburned Forests of Oregon
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE nest survival; niche model; partitioned Mahalanobis distance; Picoides
albolarvatus; ponderosa pine forests; remote sensing; white-headed
woodpecker
ID SITE SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LEWISS WOODPECKER; BURNED FORESTS;
BIRDS; LANDSCAPE; MODELS; POPULATION; OCCUPANCY; PREDATION
AB We evaluated habitat suitability and nest survival of breeding white-headed woodpeckers (Picoides albolarvatus) in unburned forests of central Oregon, USA. Daily nest-survival rate was positively related to maximum daily temperature during the nest interval and to density of large-diameter trees surrounding the nest tree. We developed a niche-based habitat suitability model (partitioned Mahalanobis distance) for nesting white-headed woodpeckers using remotely sensed data. Along with low elevation, high density of large trees, and low slope, our habitat suitability model suggested that interspersion-juxtaposition of low-and high-canopy cover ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) patches was important for nest-site suitability. Cross-validation suggested the model performed adequately for management planning at a scale >1 ha. Evaluation of mapped habitat suitability index (HSI) suggested that the maximum predictive gain (HSI = 0.36), where the number of nest locations are maximized in the smallest proportion of the modeled landscape, provided an objective initial threshold for identification of suitable habitat. However, managers can choose the threshold HSI most appropriate for their purposes (e. g., locating regions of low-moderate suitability that have potential for habitat restoration). Consequently, our habitat suitability model may be useful for managing dry coniferous forests for white-headed woodpeckers in central Oregon; however, model validation is necessary before our model could be applied to other locations. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Hollenbeck, Jeff P.; Saab, Victoria A.] USFS Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Hollenbeck, JP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM jhollenbeck@usgs.gov
FU United States Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region; Rocky Mountain
Research Station, National Fire Plan; Oregon Department of Fish and
Wildlife; Audubon Society; M. Stern of The Nature Conservancy; C. Carey
of Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
FX Funding was provided by United States Forest Service Pacific Northwest
Region and the Rocky Mountain Research Station, National Fire Plan.
Nest-site data collection was supported by United States Forest Service
Pacific Northwest Region, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife,
Audubon Society, M. Stern of The Nature Conservancy, and C. Carey of
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. J. Ohmann provided guidance on
using GNN layers for modeling. K. Mellen-McLean, A. Markus, and B.
Bresson were the impetus for our work, provided input on the covariates
used in the modeling, and helped with data interpretation. We thank J.
Kozma and K. Preston for thoughtful reviews.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 5
BP 1061
EP 1071
DI 10.1002/jwmg.146
PG 11
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 794BZ
UT WOS:000292871600010
ER
PT J
AU Yarkovich, J
Clark, JD
Murrow, JL
AF Yarkovich, Joseph
Clark, Joseph D.
Murrow, Jennifer L.
TI Effects of Black Bear Relocation on Elk Calf Recruitment at Great Smoky
Mountains National Park
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE black bear; calf mortality; Cervus elaphus; elk; life table response
experiment; population growth; population viability; predation;
reproduction; Smoky Mountains; survival
ID TEMPORAL VARIATION; GROWTH-RATE; SURVIVAL; POPULATION; WOLVES;
TRANSLOCATION; LANDSCAPE; FREQUENCY; PREDATION; VARIANCE
AB Previous research from 2001 to 2006 on an experimentally released elk (Cervus elaphus) population at Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP or Park) indicated that calf recruitment (i.e., calves reaching 1 yr of age per adult female elk) was low (0.306, total SE = 0.090) resulting in low or negative population growth (lambda = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.945-1.047). Black bear (Ursus americanus) predation was the primary calf mortality factor. From 2006 to 2008, we trapped and relocated 49 bears (30 of which were radiocollared) from the primary calving areas in the Park and radiomonitored 67 (28 M: 39 F) adult elk and 42 calves to compare vital rates and population growth with the earlier study. A model with annual calf recruitment rate correlating with the number of bears relocated each year was supported (Delta AIC(c) = 0.000; beta = 0.070, 95% CI = 0.028-0.112) and a model with annual calf recruitment differing from before to during bear relocation revealed an increase to 0.544 (total SE = 0.098; beta = -1.092, 95% CI = -1.180 to -0.375). Using vital rates and estimates of process standard errors observed during our study, 25-yr simulations maintained a mean positive growth rate in 100% of the stochastic trials with lambda averaging 1.118 (95% CI = 1.096-1.140), an increase compared with rates before bear relocation. A life table response experiment revealed that increases in population growth were mostly (67.1%) due to changes in calf recruitment. We speculate that behavioral adaptation of the elk since release also contributed to the observed increases in recruitment and population growth. Our results suggest that managers interested in elk reintroduction within bear range should consider bear relocation as a temporary means of increasing calf recruitment. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Yarkovich, Joseph; Murrow, Jennifer L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Yarkovich, J (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Great Smoky Mt Natl Pk,107 Pk Headquarters Rd, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA.
EM jclark1@utk.edu
FU Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Rocky Mountain Elk
Foundation as the major funding contributor for our study. Additional
funds were provided by Friends of Great Smoky Mountains National Park,
the Great Smoky Mountains Association, the National Park Service, and
the United States Geological Survey. We acknowledge officials at Parks
Canada (EINP) and the USDA Forest Service (LBL) for their cooperation
and assistance in obtaining the elk for release. We thank all involved
personnel from GSMNP, North Carolina Wildlife Resource Agency, and The
Eastern Band of Cherokee for their cooperation and support.
Specifically, we would like to acknowledge the assistance of W. Farmer,
who provided valuable logistical assistance, and E. Ramsay for
veterinary support. We thank B. Wear, and S. Dobey, along with the many
technicians, for their assistance along with J. Laufenberg and G.
Sargeant for helpful reviews of earlier manuscripts. Finally, we
especially thank National Park Service biologist K. Delozier for his
continued support of the elk project and our study.
NR 52
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 5
BP 1145
EP 1154
DI 10.1002/jwmg.149
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 794BZ
UT WOS:000292871600019
ER
PT J
AU Eads, DA
Millspaugh, JJ
Biggins, DE
Jachowski, DS
Livieri, TM
AF Eads, David A.
Millspaugh, Joshua J.
Biggins, Dean E.
Jachowski, David S.
Livieri, Travis M.
TI Evaluation of a Black-Footed Ferret Resource Utilization Function Model
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE black-footed ferret; Cynomys; evaluation; Mustela nigripes; prairie dog;
resource selection; resource utilization function; South Dakota;
utilization distribution; validation
ID MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; UTILIZATION DISTRIBUTIONS; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS;
BANDWIDTH SELECTION; HABITAT QUALITY; VALIDATION; DENSITY; MEETEETSE;
BEARS
AB Resource utilization function (RUF) models permit evaluation of potential habitat for endangered species; ideally such models should be evaluated before use in management decision-making. We evaluated the predictive capabilities of a previously developed black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) RUF. Using the population-level RUF, generated from ferret observations at an adjacent yet distinct colony, we predicted the distribution of ferrets within a black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colony in the Conata Basin, South Dakota, USA. We evaluated model performance, using data collected during post-breeding spotlight surveys (2007-2008) by assessing model agreement via weighted compositional analysis and count-metrics. Compositional analysis of home range use and colony-level availability, and core area use and home range availability, demonstrated ferret selection of the predicted Very high and High occurrence categories in 2007 and 2008. Simple count-metrics corroborated these findings and suggested selection of the Very high category in 2007 and the Very high and High categories in 2008. Collectively, these results suggested that the RUF was useful in predicting occurrence and intensity of space use of ferrets at our study site, the 2 objectives of the RUF. Application of this validated RUF would increase the resolution of habitat evaluations, permitting prediction of the distribution of ferrets within distinct colonies. Additional model evaluation at other sites, on other black-tailed prairie dog colonies of varying resource configuration and size, would increase understanding of influences upon model performance and the general utility of the RUF. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Eads, David A.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.; Jachowski, David S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
[Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA.
RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Anat Zool Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM david.eads@colostate.edu
FU South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks [2435]; National Fish
and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0058-0000]; University of Missouri
FX Our study was made possible through State Wildlife Grant T35 study
number 2435, provided by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and
Parks; the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grant number
2006-0058-0000); the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks
Small Grants Program; the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and
Parks Competitive Grants Program; and the University of Missouri. D.
Eads was also supported by S. and D. Webb. Logistical and field support
were provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; the United
States Forest Service; the United States Geological Survey; and Prairie
Wildlife Research. Thanks to P. Gober, S. Larson, and D. Marsh for
assistance with spotlight surveys; R. Jachowski, M. Reuber, and A.
Turgeon for assistance with burrow mapping; R. Griebel and R. Jachowski
for logistical support; and the Baysinger's and Wooden Knife's for
housing support. Thanks also to T. Bonnot, H. He, and M. Gompper for
productive discussions, R. Powell for facilitating estimation of ferret
core areas, T. Bonnot for logistical support, and C. Bodinof, J.
Chipault, R. Gitzen, A. Goldberg, S. Grassel, S. Ramakrishnan, 2
anonymous reviewers, and Associate Editor J. Bowman for constructive
reviews of a previous draft of the manuscript. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the United States Government.
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U1 3
U2 25
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 5
BP 1155
EP 1163
DI 10.1002/jwmg.130
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 794BZ
UT WOS:000292871600020
ER
PT J
AU Eaton, MJ
Hughes, PT
Nichols, JD
Morkill, A
Anderson, C
AF Eaton, Mitchell J.
Hughes, Phillip T.
Nichols, James D.
Morkill, Anne
Anderson, Chad
TI Spatial Patch Occupancy Patterns of the Lower Keys Marsh Rabbit
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE detection probability; Florida Keys; marsh rabbit; monitoring;
occupancy; Sylvilagus palustris hefneri
ID SPECIES COOCCURRENCE PATTERNS; SITE-OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITY;
ENDANGERED LAGOMORPH; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; LOCAL EXTINCTION; HABITAT;
POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; TURNOVER
AB Reliable estimates of presence or absence of a species can provide substantial information on management questions related to distribution and habitat use but should incorporate the probability of detection to reduce bias. We surveyed for the endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri) in habitat patches on 5 Florida Key islands, USA, to estimate occupancy and detection probabilities. We derived detection probabilities using spatial replication of plots and evaluated hypotheses that patch location (coastal or interior) and patch size influence occupancy and detection. Results demonstrate that detection probability, given rabbits were present, was <0.5 and suggest that naive estimates (i.e., estimates without consideration of imperfect detection) of patch occupancy are negatively biased. We found that patch size and location influenced probability of occupancy but not detection. Our findings will be used by Refuge managers to evaluate population trends of Lower Keys marsh rabbits from historical data and to guide management decisions for species recovery. The sampling and analytical methods we used may be useful for researchers and managers of other endangered lagomorphs and cryptic or fossorial animals occupying diverse habitats. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Eaton, Mitchell J.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Hughes, Phillip T.; Morkill, Anne; Anderson, Chad] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA.
RP Eaton, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM meaton@usgs.gov
NR 39
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U2 16
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 5
BP 1186
EP 1193
DI 10.1002/jwmg.152
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 794BZ
UT WOS:000292871600023
ER
PT J
AU Speckman, SG
Chernook, VI
Burn, DM
Udevitz, MS
Kochnev, AA
Vasilev, A
Jay, CV
Lisovsky, A
Fischbach, AS
Benter, RB
AF Speckman, Suzann G.
Chernook, Vladimir I.
Burn, Douglas M.
Udevitz, Mark S.
Kochnev, Anatoly A.
Vasilev, Alexander
Jay, Chadwick V.
Lisovsky, Alexander
Fischbach, Anthony S.
Benter, R. Bradley
TI Results and evaluation of a survey to estimate Pacific walrus population
size, 2006
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Pacific walrus; Odobenus rosmarus divergens; thermal imagery; population
estimate; abundance; distribution; aerial survey
ID ST-LAWRENCE ISLAND; ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS; SEA-ICE; HAUL-OUT; AERIAL
SURVEYS; CHUKCHI SEAS; BERING-SEA; TRENDS; ALASKA; PINNIPEDS
AB In spring 2006, we conducted a collaborative U.S.-Russia survey to estimate abundance of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). The Bering Sea was partitioned into survey blocks, and a systematic random sample of transects within a subset of the blocks was surveyed with airborne thermal scanners using standard strip-transect methodology. Counts of walruses in photographed groups were used to model the relation between thermal signatures and the number of walruses in groups, which was used to estimate the number of walruses in groups that were detected by the scanner but not photographed. We also modeled the probability of thermally detecting various-sized walrus groups to estimate the number of walruses in groups undetected by the scanner. We used data from radio-tagged walruses to adjust on-ice estimates to account for walruses in the water during the survey. The estimated area of available habitat averaged 668,000 km(2) and the area of surveyed blocks was 318,204 km2. The number of Pacific walruses within the surveyed area was estimated at 129,000 with 95% confidence limits of 55,000-507,000 individuals. Poor weather conditions precluded surveying in other areas; therefore, this value represents the number of Pacific walruses within about half of potential walrus habitat.
C1 [Speckman, Suzann G.; Burn, Douglas M.; Benter, R. Bradley] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Chernook, Vladimir I.; Vasilev, Alexander; Lisovsky, Alexander] Res & Engn Inst Dev & Operat Fisheries, St Petersburg 190000, Russia.
[Udevitz, Mark S.; Jay, Chadwick V.; Fischbach, Anthony S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Kochnev, Anatoly A.] Pacific Fisheries & Oceanog Res Inst, ChukotTINRO, Lab Marine Mammals Study, Anadyr 689000, Chukotka, Russia.
RP Speckman, SG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
EM suzann_speckman@fws.gov
OI Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X
FU USFWS; The North Pacific Research Board; The Department of Industry and
Agriculture of the Chukotka autonomous region; Fisheries Committee; The
U.S. Marine Mammal Commission
FX The U.S. aerial survey was conducted under USFWS permit No. MA039386-0
and Department Management Authority Letter of Confirmation No.
MA-039582. Walrus radio-tagging was conducted under authorization to
USGS from USFWS permit No. MA801652-3. This project would not have been
possible without financial support from the USFWS; special thanks go to
L. Smith and R. Meehan for their unwavering advocacy. Additional support
was provided by K. Oakley, USGS. The North Pacific Research Board also
provided financial support. We thank the Marine Mammal Council (Moscow)
and especially I. Smelova and S. Smirnova, who provided priceless
assistance in organizing our work on the Russian side. The Department of
Industry and Agriculture of the Chukotka autonomous region provided
financial support to the Russian team for conducting reconnaissance work
in 2005. Much support was given by the Deputy Chairman of the Fisheries
Committee, I. Mikhno.; The U.S. Marine Mammal Commission funded the
Applanix Position and Orientation System for the U. S. system. The
Municipality of Anchorage donated high-resolution satellite imagery to
aid in calibration of the U. S. thermal sensor. The Association of
Traditional Marine Mammal Hunters of Chukotka provided an advisor, E.
Rypkhirgin, who assisted with walrus tagging. The Eskimo Walrus
Commission promoted community support and provided a Traditional
Ecological Knowledge (TEK) advisor, M. Apatiki, who also assisted with
walrus tagging. A. Grachev, Y. Bukhtiyarov, N. Kutrukhin, G. Sheffield,
L. Quakenbush, M. Cody, C. Hamilton, E. Labunski, J. Snyder, J.
Garlich-Miller, and E. Gurarie also assisted with walrus tagging. V.
Burkanov provided logistical support for tagging in Russia, making it
possible. M. Rearden of Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, T.
Heinlein of the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, and the National
Weather Service in Nome provided logistical support. J. Bennett and L.
Wuerth of the Department of Interior, Office of Aircraft Services,
provided flight-following of both U. S. aircraft during survey
operations. V. Burkanov, A. Boltunov, and M. Bell helped with Russian
law.
NR 87
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U1 4
U2 39
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0824-0469
EI 1748-7692
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 3
BP 514
EP 553
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00419.x
PG 40
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 793LU
UT WOS:000292825200012
ER
PT J
AU Skinner, RH
Wylie, BK
Gilmanov, TG
AF Skinner, R. H.
Wylie, B. K.
Gilmanov, T. G.
TI Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to Estimate Carbon Fluxes
from Small Rotationally Grazed Pastures
SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY;
DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; CO2 FLUX; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATE
GRASSLANDS; EDDY-CORRELATION; LEAF-AREA; ECOSYSTEM
AB Satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data have been extensively used for estimating gross primary productivity (GPP) and yield of grazing lands throughout the world. However, the usefulness of satellite-based images for monitoring rotationally-grazed pastures in the northeastern United States might be limited because paddock size is oft en smaller than the resolution limits of the satellite image. This research compared NDVI data from satellites with data obtained using a ground-based system capable of fine-scale (submeter) NDVI measurements. Gross primary productivity was measured by eddy covariance on two pastures in central Pennsylvania from 2003 to 2008. Weekly 250-m resolution satellite NDVI estimates were also obtained for each pasture from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Ground-based NDVI data were periodically collected in 2006, 2007, and 2008 from one of the two pastures. Multiple-regression and regression-tree estimates of GPP, based primarily on MODIS 7-d NDVI and on-site measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), were generally able to predict growing-season GPP to within an average of 3% of measured values. The exception was drought years when estimated and measured GPP differed from each other by 11 to 13%. Ground-based measurements improved the ability of vegetation indices to capture short-term grazing management effects on GPP. However, the eMODIS product appeared to be adequate for regional GPP estimates where total growing-season GPP across a wide area would be of greater interest than short-term management-induced changes in GPP at individual sites.
C1 [Skinner, R. H.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Wylie, B. K.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Gilmanov, T. G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dep Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
RP Skinner, RH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov
RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014
OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083
FU USGS Program of Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM)
FX We would like to thank Steve LaMar for data collection at the eddy
covariance sites, Jennifer Rover (USGS, EROS) for providing the eMODIS
data used in this analysis and funding provided by the USGS Program of
Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM).
NR 42
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U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0002-1962
J9 AGRON J
JI Agron. J.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 103
IS 4
BP 972
EP 979
DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0495
PG 8
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA 791CD
UT WOS:000292637800002
ER
PT J
AU Grovenburg, TW
Jacques, CN
Klaver, RW
Jenks, JA
AF Grovenburg, Troy W.
Jacques, Christopher N.
Klaver, Robert W.
Jenks, Jonathan A.
TI Drought Effect on Selection of Conservation Reserve Program Grasslands
by White-Tailed Deer on the Northern Great Plains
SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID CENTRAL SOUTH-DAKOTA; MULE DEER; HABITAT USE; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS;
SURVIVAL; MORTALITY; WILDLIFE; FORAGE
AB Limited information exists regarding summer resource selection of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in grassland regions of the Northern Great Plains. During summers 2005-2006, we analyzed habitat selection of adult female white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota. We collected 1905 summer locations and used 21 and 30 home ranges during 2005 and 2006, respectively, to estimate habitat selection. Results indicated that selection occurred at the population (P < 0.001) and home range (P < 0.001) levels. Deer selected for Conservation Reserve Program grasslands and corn during both summers and shifted selection temporally within summer. Use of CRP grasslands occurred during early summer; 73.1 and 88.9% of locations in CRP were documented prior to 1 Jul. during 2005 and 2006, respectively. Conversely, selection for corn occurred during late summer; 86.0 and 68.4% of locations in corn were documented after 1 Jul. during 2005 and 2006, respectively. Additionally, deer selected for forested cover and rural development areas containing permanent water sources during extreme drought conditions during 2006. Deer likely selected for fields of CRP grasslands during early summer for cover and natural forages, such as clover (Trifolium sp.), prior to the period when agricultural crops become available. Drought conditions occurring in semiarid prairie grassland regions may reduce food and water availability and contribute to subsequent changes in deer habitat selection across the range of the species.
C1 [Grovenburg, Troy W.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Jacques, Christopher N.] Bur Sci Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA.
[Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.edu
RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012
FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [W-75-R-145, 75124]
FX Funding was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (Project
W-75-R-145, No. 75124) administered by South Dakota Department of Caine,
Fish and Parks and the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences at
South Dakota State University. We thank K. Monteith and S. Rupp for
their insightful comments on earlier drafts of our manuscript. We thank
numerous volunteers for their assistance capturing animals. In addition,
we thank the landowners that allowed access to their properties during
our study. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States
Government.
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PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST
PI NOTRE DAME
PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA
SN 0003-0031
J9 AM MIDL NAT
JI Am. Midl. Nat.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 166
IS 1
BP 147
EP 162
PG 16
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 793ER
UT WOS:000292803700013
ER
PT J
AU Jeffress, MR
Paukert, CP
Whittier, JB
Sandercock, BK
Gipson, PS
AF Jeffress, Mackenzie R.
Paukert, Craig P.
Whittier, Joanna B.
Sandercock, Brett K.
Gipson, Philip S.
TI Scale-dependent Factors Affecting North American River Otter
Distribution in the Midwest
SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID LUTRA-LUTRA; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; LONTRA-CANADENSIS; HABITAT
QUALITY; SIGN SURVEYS; LAND-USE; POPULATIONS; VEGETATION; OCCUPANCY;
DETECTABILITY
AB The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) is recovering from near extirpation throughout much of its range. Although reintroductions, trapping regulations and habitat improvements have led to the reestablishment of river otters in the Midwest, little is known about how their distribution is influenced by local- and landscape-scale habitat. We conducted river otter sign surveys from Jan. to Apr. in 2008 and 2009 in eastern Kansas to assess how local- and landscape-scale habitat factors affect river otter occupancy. We surveyed three to nine 400-m stretches of stream and reservoir shorelines for 110 sites and measured local-scale variables (e.g., stream order, land cover types) within a 100 m buffer of the survey site and landscape-scale variables (e.g., road density, land cover types) for Hydrological Unit Code 14 watersheds. We then used occupancy models that account for the probability of detection to estimate occupancy as a function of these covariates using Program PRESENCE. The best-fitting model indicated river otter occupancy increased with the proportion of woodland cover and decreased with the proportion of cropland and grassland cover at the local scale. Occupancy also increased with decreased shoreline diversity, waterbody density and stream density at the landscape scale. Occupancy was not affected by land cover or human disturbance at the landscape scale. Understanding the factors and scale important to river otter occurrence will be useful in identifying areas for management and continued restoration.
C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
[Gipson, Philip S.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
RP Jeffress, MR (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM jeffress@uidaho.edu
RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016
OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268
FU Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks through the Kansas Cooperative
Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Kansas Department of Wildlife and
Parks; Kansas State University; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife
Management Institute
FX Funding was provided by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks
through the Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The use
of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative
purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S.
Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. The Kansas Cooperative Fish
and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department
of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the U.S. Geological
Survey and the Wildlife Management Institute. We thank M. Jeffress, K.
Blecha and B. Tristch for field assistance. We also are grateful for the
many cooperative landowners who gave us permission to access the streams
and reservoirs on their property.
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U1 4
U2 46
PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST
PI NOTRE DAME
PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA
SN 0003-0031
J9 AM MIDL NAT
JI Am. Midl. Nat.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 166
IS 1
BP 177
EP 193
PG 17
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 793ER
UT WOS:000292803700015
ER
PT J
AU Lovich, JE
Ennen, JR
Madrak, S
Grover, B
AF Lovich, Jeffrey E.
Ennen, Joshua R.
Madrak, Sheila
Grover, Bret
TI Turtles, Culverts, and Alternative Energy Development: An Unreported but
Potentially Significant Mortality Threat to the Desert Tortoise
(Gopherus agassizii)
SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ROAD MORTALITY; AMPHIBIANS; WILDLIFE; REPTILES; POPULATIONS; POLYPHEMUS;
MOVEMENTS; HIGHWAY; ONTARIO; DESIGN
AB Culverts are often used to increase the permeability of roaded landscapes for wildlife, including turtles. Although the benefits of culverts as safe passages for turtles are well documented, under some conditions culverts can entrap them and cause mortality. Here we report a culvert-related mortality in the federally threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at a wind energy facility in California and offer simple recommendations to mitigate the negative effects of culverts for wildlife in general.
C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Ennen, Joshua R.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Madrak, Sheila] Univ Calif Davis, San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Grover, Bret] Banning Vet Hosp, Banning, CA 92220 USA.
RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Adv Res & Dev Bldg,POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov; jennen@usgs.gov; svmadrak@gmail.com;
bdgrover13@gmail.com
OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831
FU California Energy Commission; Public Interest Energy Research (PIER)
Program; Bureau of Land Management, California Desert District, Palm
Springs-South Coast Resource Area
FX We thank Rowland Griese and other maintenance staff of the wind energy
facility, especially Cha Yang, Elbert Yang, and Isaac Carrera of Green
Energy Maintenance Corporation, for their assistance excavating the
tortoise on their day off. Earlier versions of this manuscript benefited
from comments offered by Kimberly Andrews and Whit Gibbons and review by
John Roe. Research was permitted by the California Department of Fish
and Game, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife
Service, the latter under permit number TE-198910-0. Institutional
Animal Care and Use Committee certification for the project was provided
by Northern Arizona University with assistance from Tom Greene and
Crystal Redding. Research was supported by funding to the senior author
from the California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research
(PIER) Program, and the Bureau of Land Management, California Desert
District, Palm Springs-South Coast Resource Area. We thank John Mathias
and James Gannon, respectively, for their assistance with these 2
grants.
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PI LUNENBURG
PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA
SN 1071-8443
J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI
JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 1
BP 124
EP U1500
PG 6
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 791BP
UT WOS:000292635400016
ER
PT J
AU Ribic, CA
Ainley, DG
Ford, RG
Fraser, WR
Tynan, CT
Woehler, EJ
AF Ribic, Christine A.
Ainley, David G.
Ford, R. Glenn
Fraser, William R.
Tynan, Cynthia T.
Woehler, Eric J.
TI Water masses, ocean fronts, and the structure of Antarctic seabird
communities: Putting the eastern Bellingshausen Sea in perspective
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Antarctica; Western Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean; Seabirds;
Fronts; Water masses; Species diversity; Faunal composition
ID SOUTHERN DRAKE PASSAGE; INDIAN-OCEAN; PRODUCTIVITY GRADIENT; CIRCUMPOLAR
CURRENT; BRANSFIELD STRAIT; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; AVIAN
PREDATORS; MARGUERITE BAY; PACIFIC-OCEAN
AB Waters off the western Antarctic Peninsula (i.e., the eastern Bellingshausen Sea) are unusually complex owing to the convergence of several major fronts. Determining the relative influence of fronts on occurrence patterns of top-trophic species in that area, therefore, has been challenging. In one of the few ocean-wide seabird data syntheses, in this case for the Southern Ocean, we analyzed ample, previously collected cruise data, Antarctic-wide, to determine seabird species assemblages and quantitative relationships to fronts as a way to provide context to the long-term Palmer LTER and the winter Southern Ocean GLOBEC studies in the eastern Bellingshausen Sea. Fronts investigated during both winter (April-September) and summer (October-March) were the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), which separates the High Antarctic from the Low Antarctic water mass, and within which are embedded the marginal ice zone and Antarctic Shelf Break Front; and the Antarctic Polar Front, which separates the Low Antarctic and the Subantarctic water masses. We used clustering to determine species' groupings with water masses, and generalized additive models to relate species' densities, biomass and diversity to distance to respective fronts. Antarctic-wide, in both periods, highest seabird densities and lowest species diversity were found in the High Antarctic water mass. In the eastern Bellingshausen, seabird density in the High Antarctic water mass was lower (as low as half that of winter) than found in other Antarctic regions. During winter, Antarctic-wide, two significant species groups were evident: one dominated by Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) (High Antarctic water mass) and the other by petrels and prions (no differentiation among water masses); in eastern Bellingshausen waters during winter, the one significant species group was composed of species from both Antarctic-wide groups. In summer, Antarctic-wide, a High Antarctic group dominated by Adelie penguins, a Low Antarctic group dominated by petrels, and a Subantarctic group dominated by albatross were evident. In eastern Bellingshausen waters during summer, groups were inconsistent. With regard to frontal features. Antarctic-wide in winter, distance to the ice edge was an important explanatory factor for nine of 14 species, distance to the Antarctic Polar Front for six species and distance to the Shelf Break Front for six species; however, these Antarctic-wide models could not successfully predict spatial relationships of winter seabird density (individual species or total) and biomass in the eastern Bellingshausen. Antarctic-wide in summer, distance to land/Antarctic continent was important for 10 of 18 species, not a surprising result for these summer-time Antarctic breeders, as colonies are associated with ice-free areas of coastal land. Distance to the Shelf Break Front was important for 8 and distance to the southern boundary of the ACC was important for 7 species. These summer models were more successful in predicting eastern Bellingshausen species density and species diversity but failed to predict total seabird density or biomass. Antarctic seabirds appear to respond to fronts in a way similar to that observed along the well-studied upwelling front of the California Current. To understand fully the seabird patterns found in this synthesis, multi-disciplinary at-sea investigations, including a quantified prey field, are needed. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA.
[Ford, R. Glenn] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Fraser, William R.] Polar Oceans Res Grp, Sheridan, MT 59749 USA.
[Tynan, Cynthia T.] Associated Scientists Woods Hole, W Falmouth, MA 02574 USA.
[Woehler, Eric J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
RP Ribic, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM caribic@wisc.edu; dainley@penguinscience.com; eci@teleport.com;
bfraser@3rivers.net; snowpetrel@comcast.net; eric.woehler@utas.edu.au
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ANT-0522043]; Australian Antarctic
Research Advisory Committee [2208, 2953]; NSF [OPP-9910096, DPP-9505596,
OPP-9632763, OPP-9907950, OPP-9910095, OPP-0217282, OPP-0224727,
OPP-0130525, OPP-0523261, DPP7615358, DPP7615358-AO1, DPP7820755,
DPP7820755-AO1, DPP8304815, DPP8419894, OPP94-00809]
FX This data compilation and analysis project was funded directly by the
National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant ANT-0522043. Cruise data were
collected through the logistical efforts of the Australian Antarctic
Division (AAD) and approved by the Australian Antarctic Research
Advisory Committee (Projects 2208 and 2953) and the US Antarctic
Research Program (NSF Grants OPP-9910096, DPP-9505596, OPP-9632763,
OPP-9907950, OPP-9910095, OPP-0217282, OPP-0224727, OPP-0130525,
OPP-0523261, DPP7615358, DPP7615358-AO1, DPP7820755, DPP7820755-AO1,
DPP8304815, DPP8419894, and OPP94-00809). We thank all the field
personnel who assisted in data collection and all the ships' personnel
who were involved in the cruises. Special thanks for compiling data go
to E. Chapman for SO GLOBEC data, D. Patterson and P. Horn for PALTER
data, and B. Raymond and D. Watts for AAD data. Previous drafts of this
paper were reviewed by E. Chapman, D. Patterson, and two anonymous
reviewers. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement for use by the U.S. government. This is
contribution 694 of the U.S. GLOBEC program.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 58
IS 13-16
BP 1695
EP 1709
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.09.017
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 788IM
UT WOS:000292438600015
ER
PT J
AU Erdmann, ES
Ribic, CA
Patterson-Fraser, DL
Fraser, WR
AF Erdmann, Eric S.
Ribic, Christine A.
Patterson-Fraser, Donna L.
Fraser, William R.
TI Characterization of winter foraging locations of Adelie penguins along
the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2001-2002
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Antarctica; Western Antarctic Peninsula; Adelie penguins; Bathymetry;
Environmental factors; Feeding behavior
ID FAST SEA-ICE; CRAB-EATER SEALS; HOME-RANGE; MARGUERITE BAY; HABITAT USE;
PYGOSCELIS-ADELIAE; DIVING BEHAVIOR; AUSTRAL WINTER; MARINE MAMMALS;
SOUTHERN-OCEAN
AB In accord with the hypotheses driving the Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (SO GLOBEC) program, we tested the hypothesis that the winter foraging ecology of a major top predator in waters off the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), the Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), is constrained by oceanographic features related to the physiography of the region. This hypothesis grew from the supposition that breeding colonies in the WAP during summer are located adjacent to areas of complex bathymetry where circulation and upwelling processes appear to ensure predictable food resources. Therefore, we tested the additional hypothesis that these areas continue to contribute to the foraging strategy of this species throughout the non-breeding winter season. We used satellite telemetry data collected as part of the SO GLOBEC program during the austral winters of 2001 and 2002 to characterize individual penguin foraging locations in relation to bathymetry, sea ice variability within the pack ice, and wind velocity and divergence (as a proxy for potential areas with cracks and leads). We also explored differences between males and females in core foraging area overlap. Ocean depth was the most influential variable in the determination of foraging location, with most birds focusing their effort on shallow (< 200 m) waters near land and on mixed-layer (200-500 m) waters near the edge of deep troughs. Within-ice variability and wind (as a proxy for potential areas with cracks and leads) were not found to be influential variables, which is likely because of the low resolution satellite imagery and model outputs that were available. Throughout the study period, all individuals maintained a core foraging area separated from other individuals with very little overlap. However, from a year with light sea ice to one with heavy ice cover (2001-2002), we observed an increase in the overlap of individual female foraging areas with those of other birds, likely due to restricted access to the water column, reduced prey abundance, or higher prey concentration. Male birds maintained separate core foraging areas with the same small amount of overlap, showing no difference in overlap between the years. While complex bathymetry was an important physical variable influencing the Adelie penguin's foraging, the analysis of sea ice data of a higher resolution than was available for this study may help elucidate the role of sea ice in affecting Adelie penguin winter foraging behavior within the pack ice. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Erdmann, Eric S.; Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Patterson-Fraser, Donna L.; Fraser, William R.] Polar Oceans Res Grp, Sheridan, MT 59749 USA.
RP Erdmann, ES (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM e1erdmann@gmail.com; caribic@wisc.edu; patterdo@3rivers.net;
bfraser@3rivers.net
FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0217282, OPP-0224727, OPP-0520961]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science
Foundation under OPP-0217282 and OPP-0224727 (W. Fraser). Analysis was
supported by the National Science Foundation under OPP-0520961 (C.
Ribic). We are grateful for the assistance provided by field technicians
and colleagues throughout the duration of the cruises. Logistics and
support were provided by Raytheon Polar Services Company and the crews
of the ARSV Laurence M. Gould and the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer. We thank
M. Dinniman and J. Klinck at Old Dominion University for the running of
the AMPS wind model. We thank J. Burt, T. Van Deelen, L. Ballance, and
one anonymous reviewer for their comments on previous versions of the
manuscript. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, for assistance with publication
expenses. The mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement for use by the US government. This is
contribution 695 of the SO GLOBEC program.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 58
IS 13-16
BP 1710
EP 1718
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.054
PG 9
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 788IM
UT WOS:000292438600016
ER
PT J
AU Stagg, CL
Mendelssohn, IA
AF Stagg, Camille L.
Mendelssohn, Irving A.
TI Controls on resilience and stability in a sediment-subsidized salt marsh
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; drought; ecological restoration; experimental
disturbance; Mississippi Delta Plain, Louisiana, USA; sea-level rise;
sediment slurry addition; salt marsh; Spartina alterniflora; submergence
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; RIVER DELTAIC PLAIN; SOIL-WATER MOVEMENT;
SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NORTH-CAROLINA;
SELF-DESIGN; RESTORATION; LOUISIANA; RESPONSES
AB Although the concept of self-design is frequently employed in restoration, reestablishment of primary physical drivers does not always result in a restored ecosystem having the desired ecological functions that support system resilience and stability. We investigated the use of a primary environmental driver in coastal salt marshes, sediment availability, as a means of promoting the resilience and stability of submerging deltaic salt marshes, which are rapidly subsiding due to natural and human-induced processes. We conducted a disturbance-recovery experiment across a gradient of sediment slurry addition to assess the roles of sediment elevation and soil physico-chemical characteristics on vegetation resilience and stability in two restored salt marshes of differing age (a 15-year-old site and a 5-year-old site).
Salt marshes that received moderate intensities of sediment slurry addition with elevations at the mid to high intertidal zone (2-11 cm above local mean sea level; MSL) were more resilient than natural marshes. The primary regulator of enhanced resilience and stability in the restored marshes was the alleviation of flooding stress observed in the natural, unsubsidized marsh. However, stability reached a sediment addition threshold, at an elevation of 11 cm above MSL, with decreasing stability in marshes above this elevation. Declines in resilience and stability above the sediment addition threshold were principally influenced by relatively dry conditions that resulted from insufficient and infrequent flooding at high elevations. Although the older restored marsh has subsided over time, areas receiving too much sediment still had limited stability 15 years later, emphasizing the importance of applying the appropriate amount of sediment to the marsh. In contrast, treated marshes with elevations 2-11 cm above MSL were still more resilient than the natural marsh 15 years after restoration, illustrating that when performed correctly, sediment slurry addition can be a sustainable restoration technique.
C1 [Stagg, Camille L.; Mendelssohn, Irving A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Stagg, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM staggc@usgs.gov
FU Louisiana Sea Grant Program
FX This research was sponsored by the Louisiana Sea Grant Program, a part
of the National Sea Grant Program maintained by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration of the U. S. Department of Commerce.
Statistical assistance was provided by Brian Marx, Matthew Slocum, and
Darren Johnson. The authors also acknowledge the help of several
research associates and students of the Department of Oceanography and
Coastal Sciences at Louisiana State University, especially Joseph
Baustian, Sean Graham, and Carey Perry for their field assistance.
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PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 5
BP 1731
EP 1744
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 792RF
UT WOS:000292766100023
PM 21830714
ER
PT J
AU Kennedy, CM
Grant, EHC
Neel, MC
Fagan, WF
Marra, PP
AF Kennedy, Christina M.
Grant, Evan H. Campbell
Neel, Maile C.
Fagan, William F.
Marra, Peter P.
TI Landscape matrix mediates occupancy dynamics of Neotropical avian
insectivores
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE avian insectivores; Caribbean; colonization; extinction; Jamaica; matrix
effects; metapopulation; Neotropical birds; occupancy; tropical
conservation
ID AMAZONIAN FOREST FRAGMENTS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; PATCH SIZE;
METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; BIRD ASSEMBLAGES; BOREAL FOREST; RESPONSES;
JAMAICA; MECHANISMS; DISPERSAL
AB In addition to patch-level attributes (i.e., area and isolation), the nature of land cover between habitat patches (the matrix) may drive colonization and extinction dynamics in fragmented landscapes. Despite a long-standing recognition of matrix effects in fragmented systems, an understanding of the relative impacts of different types of land cover on patterns and dynamics of species occurrence remains limited. We employed multi-season occupancy models to determine the relative influence of patch area, patch isolation, within-patch vegetation structure, and landscape matrix on occupancy dynamics of nine Neotropical insectivorous birds in 99 forest patches embedded in four matrix types (agriculture, suburban development, bauxite mining, and forest) in central Jamaica. We found that within-patch vegetation structure and the matrix type between patches were more important than patch area and patch isolation in determining local colonization and local extinction probabilities, and that the effects of patch area, isolation, and vegetation structure on occupancy dynamics tended to be matrix and species dependent. Across the avian community, the landscape matrix influenced local extinction more than local colonization, indicating that extinction processes, rather than movement, likely drive interspecific differences in occupancy dynamics. These findings lend crucial empirical support to the hypothesis that species occupancy dynamics in fragmented systems may depend greatly upon the landscape context.
C1 [Kennedy, Christina M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Grant, Evan H. Campbell] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, NE Amphibian Res & Monitoring Initiat, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA.
RP Kennedy, CM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM cmk6@umd.edu
RI Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014
OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496
FU World Wildlife Fund; NASA; Fulbright U.S.; Washington Explorer's Club;
Cosmos Club Foundation; University of Maryland; Smithsonian Institution
(James Bond Trust); National Science Foundation
FX We thank A. Hayes-Sutton and O. Evelyn (Jamaica Forestry Department) for
sharing their knowledge of the study region and for providing logistical
field support; S. Schill (Nature Conservancy) for remote sensing data;
J. Hines and J. Nichols (USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center) for
statistical guidance and model programming; and T. Ricketts (World
Wildlife Fund) and two anonymous reviewers for constructive input on
previous drafts of the manuscript. Fieldwork was directed and conducted
by C. M. Kennedy with field assistance by H. Davis, C. Samuels, and M.
Beale. Research was made possible by the support of many Jamaican
researchers, nonprofit and governmental organizations, and individual
private land owners. Jamaica Forestry Department, Windalco, Alpart
Mining Venture, Jamalco bauxite mining companies, S&G Road Surfacing
Materials Ltd., and many private farmers and Mandeville citizens
permitted access to their lands. Funding was provided to C. M. Kennedy
by NASA Earth System Science Program, Fulbright U.S. Scholarship
Program, Washington Explorer's Club, Cosmos Club Foundation, and the
University of Maryland; to P. P. Marra and C. M. Kennedy by the
Smithsonian Institution (James Bond Trust); and to P. P. Marra by the
National Science Foundation.
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PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 5
BP 1837
EP 1850
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 792RF
UT WOS:000292766100031
PM 21830722
ER
PT J
AU Miller, DA
Nichols, JD
McClintock, BT
Grant, EHC
Bailey, LL
Weir, LA
AF Miller, David A.
Nichols, James D.
McClintock, Brett T.
Grant, Evan H. Campbell
Bailey, Larissa L.
Weir, Linda A.
TI Improving occupancy estimation when two types of observational error
occur: non-detection and species misidentification
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE anuran censuses; call surveys; false positive detection; Lithobates
spp.; misclassification; misidentification; multiple states;
presence-absence; proportion area occupied; site occupancy; species
occurrence
ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; MULTIPLE STATES;
PATTERNS; UNCERTAINTY; DYNAMICS; MODELS; FIELD; BIAS
AB Efforts to draw inferences about species occurrence frequently account for false negatives, the common situation when individuals of a species are not detected even when a site is occupied. However, recent studies suggest the need to also deal with false positives, which occur when species are misidentified so that a species is recorded as detected when a site is unoccupied. Bias in estimators of occupancy, colonization, and extinction can be severe when false positives occur. Accordingly, we propose models that simultaneously account for both types of error. Our approach can be used to improve estimates of occupancy for study designs where a subset of detections is of a type or method for which false positives can be assumed to not occur. We illustrate properties of the estimators with simulations and data for three species of frogs. We show that models that account for possible misidentification have greater support (lower AIC for two species) and can yield substantially different occupancy estimates than those that do not. When the potential for misidentification exists, researchers should consider analytical techniques that can account for this source of error, such as those presented here.
C1 [Miller, David A.; Nichols, James D.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Weir, Linda A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[McClintock, Brett T.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland.
[Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Miller, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM davidmiller@usgs.gov
RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; Miller, David/E-4492-2012; Grant,
Evan/N-5160-2014
OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496
FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative
FX Funding for this work was provided by the USGS Amphibian Research and
Monitoring Initiative. The manuscript was improved from previous
versions based on helpful suggestions from M. Eaton, B. Gardner, B.
Mattsson, A. Royle, and two anonymous reviewers. This is contribution
number 377 of the U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and
Monitoring Initiative.
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PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 7
BP 1422
EP 1428
DI 10.1890/10-1396.1
PG 7
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 793IR
UT WOS:000292814300006
PM 21870616
ER
PT J
AU Sherriff, RL
Berg, EE
Miller, AE
AF Sherriff, Rosemary L.
Berg, Edward E.
Miller, Amy E.
TI Climate variability and spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis)
outbreaks in south-central and southwest Alaska
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska Peninsula; Dendroctonus rufipennis; dendroecology; El
Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO); forest disturbance; Kenai Peninsula;
Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); tree rings; white spruce (Picea
glauca)
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; TREE MORTALITY;
BRITISH-COLUMBIA; KENAI PENINSULA; NATIONAL-PARK; WHITE SPRUCE; FIRE
HISTORY; COLORADO; DROUGHT
AB We used tree ring data (AD 1601-2007) to examine the occurrence of and climatic influences on spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreaks in south-central and southwest Alaska and found evidence of regional-scale outbreaks dating from the mid-1700s, related to climate variability at multiple temporal scales. Over interannual time scales (similar to 1-3 years), El Nino years, combined with severe late-summer drought, appeared to contribute significantly to spruce beetle outbreaks in the study area. Over multidecadal time scales (up to similar to 40 years), cool-phase Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) conditions tended to precede beetle outbreaks, regardless of the phase of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). All sites showed low-severity disturbances attributed to spruce beetle damage, most notably during the 1810s. During other major periods of disturbance (i.e., 1870s, 1910s, 1970s), the effects of spruce beetle outbreaks were of moderate or higher severity. The highly synchronized timing of spruce beetle outbreaks at interannual to multidecadal scales, and particularly the association between cool-phase PDO conditions and beetle disturbance, suggests that climate (i.e., temperature, precipitation) is a primary driver of outbreaks in the study area. Our disturbance chronologies (mid-1700s to present) suggest that recent irruptions (1990s to present) in south-central and southwest Alaska are within the historical geographic range, but that outbreaks since the 1990s show greater spatiotemporal synchrony (i.e., more sites record high-severity infestations) than at any other time in the past similar to 250 years.
C1 [Sherriff, Rosemary L.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geog, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Berg, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA.
[Miller, Amy E.] Alaska Reg Off, Natl Pk Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
[Miller, Amy E.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Sherriff, RL (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geog, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM sherriff@humboldt.edu
FU National Park Service
FX We thank M. Bowser, C. Lindsay, M. Shephard, D. Shepard, P. Bradway, J.
Carbone, D. Manthorne, and A. Starr for field and lab assistance for
collections from the Alaska Peninsula. Logistical support was provided
by the National Park Service, Pedro Bay Native Corporation, and Pedro
Bay Native Council. We also thank contributors to the Kenai field and
lab work, who are acknowledged in Berg et al. (2006). Funding for the
project was provided by the National Park Service. We thank Daniel Gavin
and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.
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PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 7
BP 1459
EP 1470
DI 10.1890/10-1118.1
PG 12
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 793IR
UT WOS:000292814300010
PM 21870620
ER
PT J
AU Perakis, SS
Sinkhorn, ER
AF Perakis, Steven S.
Sinkhorn, Emily R.
TI Biogeochemistry of a temperate forest nitrogen gradient
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ammonium; dissolved organic nitrogen; Douglas-fir forests; equilibrium;
gross and net nitrogen mineralization; nitrate leaching; nitrification;
nutrient retention; Oregon Coast Range; USA; productivity; Pseudotsuga
menziesii; temperate forest
ID COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; FINE-ROOT BIOMASS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS;
PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WESTERN OREGON; RED ALDER; SOIL; SATURATION; GROWTH;
MINERALIZATION
AB Wide natural gradients of soil nitrogen (N) can be used to examine fundamental relationships between plant-soil-microbial N cycling and hydrologic N loss, and to test N-saturation theory as a general framework for understanding ecosystem N dynamics. We characterized plant production, N uptake and return in litterfall, soil gross and net N mineralization rates, and hydrologic N losses of nine Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests across a wide soil N gradient in the Oregon Coast Range (USA). Surface mineral soil N (0-10 cm) ranged nearly three-fold from 0.29% to 0.78% N, and in contrast to predictions of N-saturation theory, was linearly related to 10-fold variation in net N mineralization, from 8 to 82 kg N.ha(-1).yr(-1). Net N mineralization was unrelated to soil C:N, soil texture, precipitation, and temperature differences among sites. Net nitrification was negatively related to soil pH, and accounted for <20% of net N mineralization at low-N sites, increasing to 85-100% of net N mineralization at intermediate-and high-N sites. The ratio of net : gross N mineralization and nitrification increased along the gradient, indicating progressive saturation of microbial N demands at high soil N. Aboveground N uptake by plants increased asymptotically with net N mineralization to a peak of similar to 35 kg N.ha(-1).yr(-1). Aboveground net primary production per unit net N mineralization varied inversely with soil N, suggesting progressive saturation of plant N demands at high soil N. Hydrologic N losses were dominated by dissolved organic N at low-N sites, with increased nitrate loss causing a shift to dominance by nitrate at high-N sites, particularly where net nitrification exceeded plant N demands. With the exception of N mineralization patterns, our results broadly support the application of the N-saturation model developed from studies of anthropogenic N deposition to understand N cycling and saturation of plant and microbial sinks along natural soil N gradients. This convergence of behavior in unpolluted and polluted forest N cycles suggests that where future reductions in deposition to polluted sites do occur, symptoms of N saturation are most likely to persist where soil N content remains elevated.
C1 [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Sinkhorn, Emily R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM steven.perakis@oregonstate.edu
FU NSF [DEB-0346837]
FX We thank Chris Catricala and Melissa McCartney for field and laboratory
assistance, Kermit Cromack and Heather Erickson for discussions, and Dan
Binkley, David Myrold, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments
on the manuscript. This research was supported by NSF DEB-0346837. Any
use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 7
BP 1481
EP 1491
DI 10.1890/10-1642.1
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 793IR
UT WOS:000292814300012
PM 21870622
ER
PT J
AU Reusser, DA
Lee, H
AF Reusser, Deborah A.
Lee, Henry, II
TI Evolution of natural history information in the 21st century -
developing an integrated framework for biological and geographical data
SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Biogeography; biogeoinformatics; biological information systems;
chitons; classification schemas; ecoinformatics; hierarchical schemas;
macroecology; marine ecosystems; natural history
ID CLIMATE; ASSEMBLAGES; ECOSPACE; HABITAT; COASTAL; OCEAN; WORLD
AB Threats to marine and estuarine species operate over many spatial scales, from nutrient enrichment at the watershed/estuarine scale to invasive species and climate change at regional and global scales. To help address research questions across these scales, we provide here a standardized framework for a biogeographical information system containing queriable biological data that allows extraction of information on multiple species, across a variety of spatial scales based on species distributions, natural history attributes and habitat requirements. As scientists shift from research on localized impacts on individual species to regional and global scale threats, macroecological approaches of studying multiple species over broad geographical areas are becoming increasingly important. The standardized framework described here for capturing and integrating biological and geographical data is a critical first step towards addressing these macroecological questions and we urge organizations capturing biogeoinformatics data to consider adopting this framework.
C1 [Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Lee, Henry, II] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Reusser, DA (reprint author), 2111 NE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM dreusser@usgs.gov
FU U.S. EPA [DW-14-92231501-0]; Japanese Government
FX D.A.R. was partially funded through AMI/GEOSS IAG no. DW-14-92231501-0
from the U.S. EPA and by the North Pacific Marine Science Organization
(PICES) through funding from the Japanese Government. Special thanks to
Melanie Frazier, U.S. EPA, for assistance with statistical analyses;
Jody Stecher, Katie Marko and Karen Ebert for their continued efforts
populating the PCEIS database; and Rachel Nehmer and Tad Larsen for
developing PCEIS. Two anonymous referees provided insightful suggestions
that improved the manuscript. This publication was subjected to review
by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's
Western Ecology Division of the EPA and the Western Fisheries Research
Centre of U.S. Geological Survey, and is approved for publication.
However, approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views
of the U.S. EPA. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this
publication is for the information and convenience of the reader; such
use does not constitute official endorsement or approval by the U.S.
Department of Interior, the U.S. Geological Survey, or the U.S. EPA of
any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.
NR 50
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0305-0270
J9 J BIOGEOGR
JI J. Biogeogr.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 38
IS 7
BP 1225
EP 1239
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02515.x
PG 15
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 791VM
UT WOS:000292695200001
ER
PT J
AU Sonsthagen, SA
Talbot, SL
Scribner, KT
McCracken, KG
AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A.
Talbot, Sandra L.
Scribner, Kim T.
McCracken, Kevin G.
TI Multilocus phylogeography and population structure of common eiders
breeding in North America and Scandinavia
SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Arctic; common eider; Pleistocene refugia; population genetic structure;
postglacial colonization; Somateria mollissima; suture zones
ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE;
MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; DUCK SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; PTARMIGAN
LAGOPUS-MUTUS; VOLE MICROTUS-OECONOMUS; POSTGLACIAL COLONIZATION;
COALESCENT APPROACH; GLACIAL REFUGIA; LATE QUATERNARY
AB Aim Glacial refugia during the Pleistocene had major impacts on the levels and spatial apportionment of genetic diversity of species in northern latitude ecosystems. We characterized patterns of population subdivision, and tested hypotheses associated with locations of potential Pleistocene refugia and the relative contribution of these refugia to the post-glacial colonization of North America and Scandinavia by common eiders (Somateria mollissima). Specifically, we evaluated localities hypothesized as ice-free areas or glacial refugia for other Arctic vertebrates, including Beringia, the High Arctic Canadian Archipelago, Newfoundland Bank, Spitsbergen Bank and north-west Norway.
Location Alaska, Canada, Norway and Sweden.
Methods Molecular data from 12 microsatellite loci, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, and two nuclear introns were collected and analysed for 15 populations of common eiders (n = 716) breeding throughout North America and Scandinavia. Population genetic structure, historical population fluctuations and gene flow were inferred using F-statistics, analyses of molecular variance, and multilocus coalescent analyses.
Results Significant inter-population variation in allelic and haplotypic frequencies were observed (nuclear DNA F-ST = 0.004-0.290; mtDNA Phi(ST) = 0.051-0.927). Whereas spatial differentiation in nuclear genes was concordant with subspecific designations, geographic proximity was more predictive of inter-population variance in mitochondrial DNA haplotype frequency. Inferences of historical population demography were consistent with restriction of common eiders to four geographic areas during the Last Glacial Maximum: Belcher Islands, Newfoundland Bank, northern Alaska and Svalbard. Three of these areas coincide with previously identified glacial refugia: Newfoundland Bank, Beringia and Spitsbergen Bank. Gene-flow and clustering analyses indicated that the Beringian refugium contributed little to common eider post-glacial colonization of North America, whereas Canadian, Scandinavian and southern Alaskan post-glacial colonization is likely to have occurred in a stepwise fashion from the same glacial refugium.
Main conclusions Concordance of proposed glacial refugia used by common eiders and other Arctic species indicates that Arctic and subarctic refugia were important reservoirs of genetic diversity during the Pleistocene. Furthermore, suture zones identified at MacKenzie River, western Alaska/Aleutians and Scandinavia coincide with those identified for other Arctic vertebrates, suggesting that these regions were strong geographic barriers limiting dispersal from Pleistocene refugia.
C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Museum N, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov
FU Minerals Management Service [1435-01-98-CA-309]; Coastal Marine
Institute; University of Alaska Fairbanks; US Geological Survey; Alaska
EPSCoR Graduate Fellowship [NSF EPS-0092040]; University of Alaska
Foundation
FX Funding was provided by Minerals Management Service (1435-01-98-CA-309),
Coastal Marine Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, US Geological
Survey, Alaska EPSCoR Graduate Fellowship (NSF EPS-0092040) and
University of Alaska Foundation, Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research
Fund. Technological support was provided by Shawn Houston, University of
Alaska Life Science Informatics computer cluster (NIH P20RR016466). We
thank all the researchers for generously providing samples: B. Barrow,
F. Broerman, J.O. Bustness, K. Dickson, L. Dickson, P. Flint, G.
Gilchrist, M. Hario, D. Kellet, M. Kilpi, K. Mawhinney, M. Petersen, R.
Suydam, P. Tuomi and University of Alaska Museum (UAM13336 and
UAM13721); J. Gust and G.K. Sage, US Geological Survey, who provided
laboratory assistance; and C. Monet and J. Gleason, Minerals Management
Service. The manuscript was improved by comments from J. Cook,
University of New Mexico, J. Peters, Wright State University and two
anonymous referees. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
Government.
NR 75
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0305-0270
J9 J BIOGEOGR
JI J. Biogeogr.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 38
IS 7
BP 1368
EP 1380
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02492.x
PG 13
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 791VM
UT WOS:000292695200012
ER
PT J
AU Donner, LJ
Wyman, BL
Hemler, RS
Horowitz, LW
Ming, Y
Zhao, M
Golaz, JC
Ginoux, P
Lin, SJ
Schwarzkopf, MD
Austin, J
Alaka, G
Cooke, WF
Delworth, TL
Freidenreich, SM
Gordon, CT
Griffies, SM
Held, IM
Hurlin, WJ
Klein, SA
Knutson, TR
Langenhorst, AR
Lee, HC
Lin, YL
Magi, BI
Malyshev, SL
Milly, PCD
Naik, V
Nath, MJ
Pincus, R
Ploshay, JJ
Ramaswamy, V
Seman, CJ
Shevliakova, E
Sirutis, JJ
Stern, WF
Stouffer, RJ
Wilson, RJ
Winton, M
Wittenberg, AT
Zeng, FR
AF Donner, Leo J.
Wyman, Bruce L.
Hemler, Richard S.
Horowitz, Larry W.
Ming, Yi
Zhao, Ming
Golaz, Jean-Christophe
Ginoux, Paul
Lin, S. -J.
Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel
Austin, John
Alaka, Ghassan
Cooke, William F.
Delworth, Thomas L.
Freidenreich, Stuart M.
Gordon, C. T.
Griffies, Stephen M.
Held, Isaac M.
Hurlin, William J.
Klein, Stephen A.
Knutson, Thomas R.
Langenhorst, Amy R.
Lee, Hyun-Chul
Lin, Yanluan
Magi, Brian I.
Malyshev, Sergey L.
Milly, P. C. D.
Naik, Vaishali
Nath, Mary J.
Pincus, Robert
Ploshay, Jeffrey J.
Ramaswamy, V.
Seman, Charles J.
Shevliakova, Elena
Sirutis, Joseph J.
Stern, William F.
Stouffer, Ronald J.
Wilson, R. John
Winton, Michael
Wittenberg, Andrew T.
Zeng, Fanrong
TI The Dynamical Core, Physical Parameterizations, and Basic Simulation
Characteristics of the Atmospheric Component AM3 of the GFDL Global
Coupled Model CM3
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; SHALLOW CUMULUS
CONVECTION; CLOUD DROPLET ACTIVATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INCLUDING
MASS FLUXES; AR4 CLIMATE MODELS; PART I; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES;
STRATIFORM CLOUDS
AB The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) has developed a coupled general circulation model (CM3) for the atmosphere, oceans, land, and sea ice. The goal of CM3 is to address emerging issues in climate change, including aerosol-cloud interactions, chemistry-climate interactions, and coupling between the troposphere and stratosphere. The model is also designed to serve as the physical system component of earth system models and models for decadal prediction in the near-term future-for example, through improved simulations in tropical land precipitation relative to earlier-generation GFDL models. This paper describes the dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component (AM3) of this model. Relative to GFDL AM2, AM3 includes new treatments of deep and shallow cumulus convection, cloud droplet activation by aerosols, subgrid variability of stratiform vertical velocities for droplet activation, and atmospheric chemistry driven by emissions with advective, convective, and turbulent transport. AM3 employs a cubed-sphere implementation of a finite-volume dynamical core and is coupled to LM3, a new land model with ecosystem dynamics and hydrology. Its horizontal resolution is approximately 200 km, and its vertical resolution ranges approximately from 70 m near the earth's surface to 1 to 1.5 km near the tropopause and 3 to 4 km in much of the stratosphere. Most basic circulation features in AM3 are simulated as realistically, or more so, as in AM2. In particular, dry biases have been reduced over South America. In coupled mode, the simulation of Arctic sea ice concentration has improved. AM3 aerosol optical depths, scattering properties, and surface clear-sky downward shortwave radiation are more realistic than in AM2. The simulation of marine stratocumulus decks remains problematic, as in AM2. The most intense 0.2% of precipitation rates occur less frequently in AM3 than observed. The last two decades of the twentieth century warm in CM3 by 0.32 degrees C relative to 1881-1920. The Climate Research Unit (CRU) and Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyses of observations show warming of 0.56 degrees and 0.52 degrees C, respectively, over this period. CM3 includes anthropogenic cooling by aerosol-cloud interactions, and its warming by the late twentieth century is somewhat less realistic than in CM2.1, which warmed 0.66 degrees C but did not include aerosol-cloud interactions. The improved simulation of the direct aerosol effect (apparent in surface clear-sky downward radiation) in CM3 evidently acts in concert with its simulation of cloud-aerosol interactions to limit greenhouse gas warming.
C1 [Donner, Leo J.; Wyman, Bruce L.; Hemler, Richard S.; Horowitz, Larry W.; Ming, Yi; Golaz, Jean-Christophe; Ginoux, Paul; Lin, S. -J.; Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel; Delworth, Thomas L.; Freidenreich, Stuart M.; Gordon, C. T.; Griffies, Stephen M.; Held, Isaac M.; Hurlin, William J.; Knutson, Thomas R.; Nath, Mary J.; Ploshay, Jeffrey J.; Ramaswamy, V.; Seman, Charles J.; Sirutis, Joseph J.; Stern, William F.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Wilson, R. John; Winton, Michael; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Zhao, Ming; Austin, John; Lin, Yanluan] UCAR, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Alaka, Ghassan] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Cooke, William F.; Langenhorst, Amy R.; Lee, Hyun-Chul; Naik, Vaishali] High Performance Technol Inc, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Klein, Stephen A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA.
[Magi, Brian I.; Malyshev, Sergey L.; Shevliakova, Elena] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Donner, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM leo.j.donner@noaa.gov
RI Alaka, Ghassan/A-4513-2017; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Ming,
Yi/F-3023-2012; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Delworth,
Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Golaz,
Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik,
Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; Pincus,
Robert/B-1723-2013; lin, yanluan/A-6333-2015; Klein,
Stephen/H-4337-2016; Magi, Brian/K-2000-2015
OI Alaka, Ghassan/0000-0003-3137-8535; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988;
Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Golaz,
Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Horowitz,
Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Pincus,
Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Magi,
Brian/0000-0001-8131-0083
FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE FG02-03ER63561]; Office
of Science in the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy
by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Office of
Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE
AI02-07ER64477]
FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, PCMDI, and the World Climate
Research Program's (WCRP's) Working Group on Coupled Modelling for their
roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of
this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of
Energy.; The contribution of Stephen A. Klein to this work was funded
through the Regional and Global Climate Modeling and Atmospheric System
Research Programs of the Office of Science in the U.S. Department of
Energy and was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract
DE-AC52-07NA27344. Robert Pincus was supported by the Office of Science,
U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE FG02-03ER63561. Yanluan Lin
was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research,
U.S. Department of Energy, under Project DE AI02-07ER64477.
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U2 72
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 13
BP 3484
EP 3519
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1
PG 36
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 790LW
UT WOS:000292590500022
ER
PT J
AU Osmundson, DB
AF Osmundson, D. B.
TI THERMAL REGIME SUITABILITY: ASSESSMENT OF UPSTREAM RANGE RESTORATION
POTENTIAL FOR COLORADO PIKEMINNOW, A WARMWATER ENDANGERED FISH
SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE thermal regime; Colorado pikeminnow; Ptychocheilus lucius; Colorado
River; habitat suitability; range restoration; distributional limits;
river regulation; annual thermal units
ID GREEN RIVER-BASIN; PTYCHOCHEILUS-LUCIUS; STREAM TEMPERATURE; WATER
TEMPERATURES; WHITE RIVER; SQUAWFISH; GROWTH; HABITAT; POPULATION; UTAH
AB Dams have reduced distribution of the endangered Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius in the upper Colorado River basin: low-head diversion dams blocked upstream passage and large dams inundated free-flowing segments and cooled downstream reaches with deep-water releases. To date, range restoration efforts in the Colorado and Gunnison Rivers have focused on building fish ladders around diversion dams to allow recolonization of upstream reaches. Upstream thermal suitability for this warm water cyprinid was assessed using temperature data and existing distributional information from river reaches where Colorado pikeminnow movements were unrestricted. Among-site thermal regime comparisons were made using mean annual thermal units (ATU), derived from mean daily temperatures during 1986-2005 and the relation between temperature and Colorado pikeminnow growth. Upstream distributional limits in the Yampa and Gunnison Rivers occurred where in-channel thermal regimes fell below a long-term mean of 47-50 ATU, suggesting that two Colorado River fish ladders will make available an estimated 17 km of thermally suitable habitat. A Gunnison River fish ladder successfully re-established access to 54 km of suitable habitat, but 32 km of critical habitat upstream remains unsuitable. Suitability there could be achieved by raising temperatures only 1-2 degrees C from late May to mid-October with installation of a temperature control device on an upstream dam. Maximum, main-channel, summer temperatures did not limit Colorado pikeminnow distribution in downstream reaches of the upper Colorado River. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA.
RP Osmundson, DB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, 764 Horizon Dr,Bldg B, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA.
EM doug_osmundson@fws.gov
FU USFWS; Recovery Implementation Program for Endangered Fish Species in
the Upper Colorado River Basin
FX I thank the many individuals that provided field assistance with
temperature loggers. George Smith, Jim Renne and Carrie Cordova shared
their Yampa and Gunnison River temperature data. Bob Burdick, Bill
Elmblad, Sam Finney, John Hawkins, Lori Martin and Tim Modde shared
their capture records. Ron Ryel developed the spreadsheet model for
converting MDTs to thermal units and Dan Reinkensmeyer drafted the map.
I thank John Bartholow, Lynn Kaeding, Brett Johnson, Ron Ryel and two
anonymous reviewers for providing thoughtful comments on earlier drafts.
Funding was provided by the USFWS and the Recovery Implementation
Program for Endangered Fish Species in the Upper Colorado River Basin.
The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author and
do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service.
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PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1535-1459
EI 1535-1467
J9 RIVER RES APPL
JI River Res. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 6
BP 706
EP 722
DI 10.1002/rra.1387
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 789YO
UT WOS:000292555800004
ER
PT J
AU Hayes, GP
Earle, PS
Benz, HM
Wald, DJ
Briggs, RW
AF Hayes, Gavin P.
Earle, Paul S.
Benz, Harley M.
Wald, David J.
Briggs, Richard W.
CA USGS NEIC Earthquake Response Team
TI 88 Hours: The US Geological Survey National Earthquake Information
Center Response to the 11 March 2011 M-W 9.0 Tohoku Earthquake
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID RAPID-DETERMINATION; SOURCE INVERSION
C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.; Earle, Paul S.; Benz, Harley M.; Wald, David J.; Briggs, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Hayes, Gavin P.] Synergetics Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM ghayes@usgs.gov
RI Briggs, Richard/A-1348-2013;
OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046; Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514
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PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0895-0695
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 4
BP 481
EP 493
DI 10.1785/gssrl.82.4.481
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 790WY
UT WOS:000292622700002
ER
PT J
AU Haller, KM
Basili, R
AF Haller, Kathleen M.
Basili, Roberto
TI Developing Seismogenic Source Models Based on Geologic Fault Data
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Haller, Kathleen M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Basili, Roberto] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Roma 1, I-00143 Rome, Italy.
RP Haller, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM haller@usgs.gov; roberto.basili@ingv.it
RI Basili, Roberto/A-1441-2011
OI Basili, Roberto/0000-0002-1213-0828
NR 24
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0895-0695
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 4
BP 519
EP 525
DI 10.1785/gssrl.82.4.519
PG 7
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 790WY
UT WOS:000292622700006
ER
PT J
AU Hutt, CR
Ringler, AT
AF Hutt, C. R.
Ringler, A. T.
TI Some Possible Causes of and Corrections for STS-1 Response Changes in
the Global Seismographic Network
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIBRATION
C1 [Hutt, C. R.; Ringler, A. T.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA.
RP Hutt, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA.
EM bhutt@usgs.gov
NR 16
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0895-0695
EI 1938-2057
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 4
BP 560
EP 571
DI 10.1785/gssrl.82.4.560
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 790WY
UT WOS:000292622700010
ER
PT J
AU Talwani, P
Hasek, M
Gassman, S
Doar, WR
Chapman, A
AF Talwani, Pradeep
Hasek, Michael
Gassman, Sarah
Doar, W. R., III
Chapman, Ashley
TI Discovery of a Sand Blow and Associated Fault in the Epicentral Area of
the 1886 Charleston Earthquake
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CAROLINA COASTAL-PLAIN; SOUTH-CAROLINA; FINDING FAULTS
AB An earthquake-induced sand blow was discovered in a shallow trench dug on the premises of the Colonial Dorchester State Historical Site in Summerville, South Carolina. A comparison of its location with available seismicity, seismic reflection, and shallow geological and geomorphologic data suggests that the sand blow was associated with a splay of the currently active Sawmill Branch fault zone. This is the first sand blow to be directly associated with a specific fault in the Middleton Place Summerville seismic zone, the source zone for the Charleston earthquakes. Geotechnical and vibracore data revealed that the source sand is similar to 3 m thick and the top of the sand is at a depth of similar to 2.5 m below the ground surface. The sand blow was associated with a pre-1886 earthquake that occurred possibly 3,500 YBP or earlier, with an estimated maximum magnitude of 5.6.
C1 [Talwani, Pradeep] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
[Hasek, Michael; Gassman, Sarah] Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
[Doar, W. R., III] US Geol Survey, Dept Nat Resources, Columbia, SC USA.
[Chapman, Ashley] Colonial Dorchester State Hist Site, Summerville, SC 29485 USA.
RP Talwani, P (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, 701 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
EM talwani@geol.sc.edu
FU Department of Energy's Savannah River Site; National Science Foundation
[CMS-0556006]
FX Discussions with Dr. Tuttle and reviews by her and an anonymous reviewer
helped improve the manuscript. The paleoseismological research was
supported by a grant from Department of Energy's Savannah River Site.
The geotechnical observations were supported by the National Science
Foundation under grant number CMS-0556006. Any opinions, findings, and
conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
NR 21
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0895-0695
EI 1938-2057
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 4
BP 589
EP 598
DI 10.1785/gssrl.82.4.589
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 790WY
UT WOS:000292622700012
ER
PT J
AU Schoville, SD
Tustall, TS
Vredenburg, VT
Backlin, AR
Gallegos, E
Wood, DA
Fisher, RN
AF Schoville, Sean. D.
Tustall, Tate S.
Vredenburg, Vance T.
Backlin, Adam R.
Gallegos, Elizabeth
Wood, Dustin A.
Fisher, Robert N.
TI Conservation genetics of evolutionary lineages of the endangered
mountain yellow-legged frog, Rana muscosa (Amphibia: Ranidae), in
southern California
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Population genetics; Captive breeding; Bottleneck; Reintroduction;
Biogeography
ID RECENT POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MICROSATELLITE
LOCI; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; WOOD FROG; DISTANCE; PROGRAM; SIZE;
REINTRODUCTION; EXTINCTION
AB Severe population declines led to the listing of southern California Rana muscosa (Ranidae) as endangered in 2002. Nine small populations inhabit watersheds in three isolated mountain ranges, the San Gabriel, San Bernardino and San Jacinto. One population from the Dark Canyon tributary in the San Jacinto Mountains has been used to establish a captive breeding population at the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research. Because these populations may still be declining, it is critical to gather information on how genetic variation is structured in these populations and what historical inter-population connectivity existed between populations. Additionally, it is not clear whether these populations are rapidly losing genetic diversity due to population bottlenecks. Using mitochondrial and microsatellite data, we examine patterns of genetic variation in southern California and one of the last remaining populations of R. muscosa in the southern Sierra Nevada. We find low levels of genetic variation within each population and evidence of genetic bottlenecks. Additionally, substantial population structure is evident, suggesting a high degree of historical isolation within and between mountain ranges. Based on estimates from a multi-population isolation with migration analysis, these populations diversified during glacial episodes of the Pleistocene, with little gene flow during population divergence. Our data demonstrate that unique evolutionary lineages of R. muscosa occupy each mountain range in southern California and should be managed separately. The captive breeding program at Dark Canyon is promising, although mitigating the loss of neutral genetic diversity relative to the natural population might require additional breeding frogs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Schoville, Sean. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Tustall, Tate S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Vredenburg, Vance T.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA.
[Backlin, Adam R.; Gallegos, Elizabeth; Wood, Dustin A.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
RP Schoville, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM schoville@berkeley.edu; tatet2@berkeley.edu; vancev@sfsu.edu;
abacklin@usgs.gov; egallegos@usgs.gov; dawood@usgs.gov; rfisher@usgs.gov
RI Schoville, Sean/J-8061-2012;
OI Wood, Dustin/0000-0002-7668-9911; Vredenburg, Vance/0000-0002-9682-1190
FU US Forest Service; US Fish and Wildlife Service; California State Parks;
CDFG US Bureau of Land Management; Agua Caliente Band of Mission
Indians; Caltrans; USGS; National Science Foundation [EF-0723563]
FX Samples were collected under a California Department of Fish and Game
(CDFG) Scientific Collecting Permit (#90, #5429, #6178) and US Fish and
Wildlife recovery permit TE-045994-11. This is contribution #379 of the
Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Funding sources
include the US Forest Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, California
State Parks, CDFG US Bureau of Land Management, Agua Caliente Band of
Mission Indians, Caltrans, the USGS ARMI Program and by National Science
Foundation Grant EF-0723563. The following people assisted with sample
collection: C. Hitchcock, K. Meyer, S. Schuster, C. Brown, K.
Baumberger, M. Canfield, S. Hathaway, R. Hirsch, M. Jennings, N. Scott,
M. Warburton, and T. Hovey. M. Le, E. Sternberg, and D. Daversa provided
assistance during laboratory work. We also thank three anonymous
reviewers for their comments. The use of trade names does not imply U.S.
Government endorsement.
NR 62
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U1 4
U2 53
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 144
IS 7
BP 2031
EP 2040
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.025
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 789BU
UT WOS:000292489100012
ER
PT J
AU Penaranda, MMD
LaPatra, SE
Kurath, G
AF Penaranda, Ma Michelle D.
LaPatra, Scott E.
Kurath, Gael
TI Specificity of DNA vaccines against the U and M genogroups of infectious
hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE IHNV; DNA vaccine; Cross-protection; Protective mechanisms; Trout
ID GLYCOPROTEIN GENE; EARLY PROTECTION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MESSENGER-RNA;
IN-VITRO; VACCINATION; FISH; EXPRESSION; RHABDOVIRUSES; IMMUNITY
AB Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a fish rhabdovirus that causes significant mortality in salmonid species. In North America IHNV has three major genogroups designated U, M. and L Host-specificity of the M and U genogroups of IHNV has been established both in the field and in experimental challenges, with M isolates being more prevalent and more virulent in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and U isolates being more prevalent and highly virulent in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). In this study, efficacy of DNA vaccines containing either M (pM) or U (pU) virus glycoprotein genes was investigated during intra- and cross-genogroup challenges in rainbow trout. In virus challenges at 7 days post-vaccination (early antiviral response), both pM and pU were highly protective against either M or U IHNV. In challenges at 28 days post-vaccination (specific antiviral response), both pM and pU were protective against M IHNV but the homologous pM vaccine was significantly more protective than pU in one of two experiments. At this stage both pM and pU induced comparably high protection against U IHNV challenge. Correlates of protection were also investigated by assessing the expression of the interferon-stimulated gene Mx-1 and the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) following pM or pU DNA vaccination. Mx-1 gene expression, measured at 4 and 7 days post-vaccination as an indicator of the host innate immune response, was found to be significantly higher after pM than pU vaccination in some cases. Neutralizing antibody was produced in response to the two vaccines, but antibody titers did not show consistent correlation with protection. The results show that the rainbow trout innate and adaptive immune responses have some ability to distinguish between the U and M genogroup IHNV, but overall the pM and pU vaccines were protective against both homologous and cross-genogroup challenges. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Penaranda, Ma Michelle D.; Kurath, Gael] Univ Washington, Grad Program Pathobiol, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Penaranda, Ma Michelle D.; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[LaPatra, Scott E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA.
RP Penaranda, MMD (reprint author), SE Asian Fisheries Dev Ctr SEAFDEC AQD, Dept Aquaculture, Iloilo 5021, Philippines.
EM mmdpena@uw.edu; scottl@clearsprings.com; gkurath@usgs.gov
NR 52
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 12
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 1050-4648
EI 1095-9947
J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN
JI Fish Shellfish Immunol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 1
BP 43
EP 51
DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.03.003
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 787WR
UT WOS:000292407900005
PM 21385613
ER
PT J
AU Bunnell, DB
Davis, BM
Warner, DM
Chriscinske, MA
Roseman, EF
AF Bunnell, David B.
Davis, Bruce M.
Warner, David M.
Chriscinske, Margret A.
Roseman, Edward F.
TI Planktivory in the changing Lake Huron zooplankton community:
Bythotrephes consumption exceeds that of Mysis and fish
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bioenergetics modelling; Bythotrephes; food web; Mysis; planktivory
ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; INVASIVE PREDATOR;
FRESH-WATER; DRY-WEIGHT; HARP LAKE; VERTICAL MIGRATION; RAINBOW SMELT;
LIFE-HISTORY; MICHIGAN
AB 1. Oligotrophic lakes are generally dominated by calanoid copepods because of their competitive advantage over cladocerans at low prey densities. Planktivory also can alter zooplankton community structure. We sought to understand the role of planktivory in driving recent changes to the zooplankton community of Lake Huron, a large oligotrophic lake on the border of Canada and the United States. We tested the hypothesis that excessive predation by fish (rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, bloater Coregonus hoyi) and invertebrates (Mysis relicta, Bythotrephes longimanus) had driven observed declines in cladoceran and cyclopoid copepod biomass between 2002 and 2007.
2. We used a field sampling and bioenergetics modelling approach to generate estimates of daily consumption by planktivores at two 91-m depth sites in northern Lake Huron, U. S. A., for each month, May-October 2007. Daily consumption was compared to daily zooplankton production.
3. Bythotrephes was the dominant planktivore and estimated to have eaten 78% of all zooplankton consumed. Bythotrephes consumption exceeded total zooplankton production between July and October. Mysis consumed 19% of all the zooplankton consumed and exceeded zooplankton production in October. Consumption by fish was relatively unimportant - eating only 3% of all zooplankton consumed.
4. Because Bythotrephes was so important, we explored other consumption estimation methods that predict lower Bythotrephes consumption. Under this scenario, Mysis was the most important planktivore, and Bythotrephes consumption exceeded zooplankton production only in August.
5. Our results provide no support for the hypothesis that excessive fish consumption directly contributed to the decline of cladocerans and cyclopoid copepods in Lake Huron. Rather, they highlight the importance of invertebrate planktivores in structuring zooplankton communities, especially for those foods webs that have both Bythotrephes and Mysis. Together, these species occupy the epi-, meta- and hypolimnion, leaving limited refuge for zooplankton prey.
C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Davis, Bruce M.; Warner, David M.; Chriscinske, Margret A.; Roseman, Edward F.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM dbunnell@usgs.gov
OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747; Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838
FU U.S. EPA [DW-14-94816701-0]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the R/V Sturgeon crew: Mike
McCann, Phil Pepper, and Mark Brown. We thank Guadalupe Cummins, Bryon
Daley, Jerrine Nichols, Lynn Ogilvie, Tim O'Brien, Rich Quintal, Ed O.
Roseman, Jeff Schaeffer, Alex Simon, and Wendylee Stott for field and/or
laboratory assistance, and Betsy Puchala for assistance with technical
editing. This research was funded by U.S. EPA Great Lakes National
Program Grant Number DW-14-94816701-0, which was overseen by Jacqueline
Savino. Leon Carl was instrumental in launching this research. Rick
Barbiero, Chuck Madenjian, and two anonymous referees provided helpful
comments that improved the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm
names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is
Contribution 1626 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center.
NR 69
TC 48
Z9 50
U1 2
U2 64
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0046-5070
EI 1365-2427
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 7
BP 1281
EP 1296
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02568.x
PG 16
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 787WI
UT WOS:000292407000004
ER
PT J
AU Eng, K
Kiang, JE
Chen, YY
Carlisle, DM
Granato, GE
AF Eng, Ken
Kiang, Julie E.
Chen, Yin-Yu
Carlisle, Daren M.
Granato, Gregory E.
TI Causes of systematic over- or underestimation of low streamflows by use
of index-streamgage approaches in the United States
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE bias; low streamflow; short-term streamgages; ungaged basins;
intermittent streams; hydrologic similarity
ID BASEFLOW CORRELATION
AB Low-flow characteristics can be estimated by multiple linear regressions or the index-streamgage approach. The latter transfers streamflow information from a hydrologically similar, continuously gaged basin ('index streamgage') to one with a very limited streamflow record, but often results in biased estimates. The application of the index-streamgage approach can be generalized into three steps: (1) selection of streamflow information of interest, (2) definition of hydrologic similarity and selection of index streamgage, and (3) application of an information-transfer approach. Here, we explore the effects of (1) the range of streamflow values, (2) the areal density of streamgages, and (3) index-streamgage selection criteria on the bias of three information-transfer approaches on estimates of the 7-day, 10-year minimum streamflow (Q(7,10)). The three information-transfer approaches considered are maintenance of variance extension, base-flow correlation, and ratio of measured to concurrent gaged streamflow (Q-ratio invariance). Our results for 1120 streamgages throughout the United States suggest that only a small portion of the total bias in estimated streamflow values is explained by the areal density of the streamgages and the hydrologic similarity between the two basins. However, restricting the range of streamflow values used in the index-streamgage approach reduces the bias of estimated Q(7,10) values substantially. Importantly, estimated Q(7,10) values are heavily biased when the observed Q(7,10) values are near zero. Results of the analysis also showed that Q(7,10) estimates from two of the three index-streamgage approaches have lower root-mean-square error values than estimates derived from multiple regressions for the large regions considered in this study. Published in (C) 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Eng, Ken] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Kiang, Julie E.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Carlisle, Daren M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Granato, Gregory E.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA.
RP Eng, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Mail Stop 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM keng@usgs.gov
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0885-6087
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD JUL 1
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 14
BP 2211
EP 2220
DI 10.1002/hyp.7976
PG 10
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 789YF
UT WOS:000292554800005
ER
PT J
AU Li, MS
Zhu, ZL
Vogelmann, JE
Xu, D
Wen, WS
Liu, AX
AF Li, Mingshi
Zhu, Zhiliang
Vogelmann, James E.
Xu, Da
Wen, Weisong
Liu, Anxing
TI Characterizing fragmentation of the collective forests in southern China
from multitemporal Landsat imagery: A case study from Kecheng district
of Zhejiang province
SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Collective forests; Forest fragmentation; Fragmentation model; Landsat
TM/ETM; China
ID TEMPERATE FORESTS; LANDSCAPE; PATTERN; AREAS; USA; DEFORESTATION;
REFORMS
AB Tropical and subtropical forests provide important ecosystem goods and services including carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. These forests are facing increasing socioeconomic pressures and are rapidly being degraded and fragmented. This analysis focuses on the rate of change and patterns of fragmentation in a collective forest area in Zhejiang province, China, during the time period 1988-2005. The research consisted of two parts. The first was the development of general land cover maps and the identification of land cover changes by interpreting Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) time series imagery. The second part involved the computation and analysis of forest fragmentation metrics. For this portion of the study, fragmentation statistics were analyzed, and images were developed to depict forest fragmentation patterns and trends. Results revealed that there was a net loss of 7.8% in forest coverage, dropping from 66.8% in 1988 to 59.0% in 2005, primarily caused by agricultural expansion and poor forest management practices. An acceleration of forest fragmentation was also witnessed during the time intervals, which was evidenced by a decreasing trend in interior forest (57.2% in 1988, 55.0% in 1996 and 54.8% in 2005 respectively) coupled with the scales of the selected geospatial metrics. Continued forest loss and fragmentation are closely correlated with the existing political, educational, institutional and economic processes of contemporary China. To unlock the developmental potentials of the collective forests and to effectively mitigate the rate of forest loss and fragmentation, reforms of forest tenure and ecological immigration practices are recognized as a prospective alternative. The produced fragmentation maps further illustrates the importance of assessing landscape change history, especially the spatiotemporal patterns of forest fragments, when developing landscape level plans for biodiversity conservation, land use management and ecologically sustainable forestry. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Mingshi] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China.
[Zhu, Zhiliang] USGS Headquarters, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Vogelmann, James E.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Xu, Da; Wen, Weisong; Liu, Anxing] Zhejiang Prov Ctr Forest Resources Monitoring, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
RP Li, MS (reprint author), Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm, Longpan Rd 159, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China.
EM nfulms@yahoo.com.cn
OI Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823
NR 52
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 5
U2 28
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-6228
J9 APPL GEOGR
JI Appl. Geogr.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 3
BP 1026
EP 1035
DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.02.004
PG 10
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 776YU
UT WOS:000291578000017
ER
PT J
AU Lemons, PR
Sedinger, JS
AF Lemons, Patrick R.
Sedinger, James S.
TI Egg size matching by an intraspecific brood parasite
SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE conspecific brood parasitism; egg mimicry; intraspecific brood
parasitism
ID GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; BLACK BRANT; INCUBATION-TIME; CANADA GEESE;
EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSE; WATER-LOSS; AVIAN EGG; CUCKOOS; GROWTH;
RECOGNITION
AB Avian brood parasitism provides an ideal system with which to understand animal recognition and its affect on fitness. This phenomenon of laying eggs in the nests of other individuals has classically been framed from the perspective of interspecific brood parasitism and host recognition of parasitic eggs. Few examples exist of strategies adopted by intraspecific brood parasites to maximize success of parasitic eggs. Intraspecific brood parasitism within precocial birds can be a risky strategy in that hatch synchrony is essential to reproductive success. Given that egg size is positively correlated with incubation time, parasitic birds would benefit by recognizing and selecting hosts with a similar egg size. Intraspecific brood parasitism is an alternative reproductive strategy in black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans), a colonial nesting goose with precocial young. Based on a randomization test, parasitic eggs in this study differed less in size from eggs in their host's nests than did random eggs placed in random nests. Parasitic eggs were remarkably similar in size to hosts' eggs, differing by < 2% of volume on average from host eggs, whereas randomly paired eggs in random nests differed by nearly 8%. The precision with which parasitic brant match the egg size of hosts in our study supports our hypothesis that brant match egg size of hosts, thereby maximizing hatching success of their parasitic eggs.
C1 [Lemons, Patrick R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
RP Lemons, PR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
EM patrick_lemons@fws.gov
FU National Science Foundation [OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP
0196406]; Ducks Unlimited; Black Brant Group; Sigma Xi; Dennis Raveling
Scholarship-California Waterfowl Association; Nevada Agricultural
Experiment Station; Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge
FX National Science Foundation (OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP
0196406); Ducks Unlimited; Black Brant Group; Sigma Xi; Dennis Raveling
Scholarship-California Waterfowl Association; Nevada Agricultural
Experiment Station; Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge.
NR 45
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 31
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1045-2249
J9 BEHAV ECOL
JI Behav. Ecol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 22
IS 4
BP 696
EP 700
DI 10.1093/beheco/arr035
PG 5
WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 779AH
UT WOS:000291750000003
ER
PT J
AU Stovall, WK
Houghton, BF
Gonnermann, H
Fagents, SA
Swanson, DA
AF Stovall, Wendy K.
Houghton, B. F.
Gonnermann, H.
Fagents, S. A.
Swanson, D. A.
TI Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: the case study of episode
1 of the KA << lauea Iki 1959 eruption
SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hawaiian fountaining; Kilauea; Kilauea Iki; Vesicle size distribution;
Post-fragmentation expansion
ID VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; EXPLOSIVE ACTIVITY; KILAUEA VOLCANO; LAVA FOUNTAINS;
BASALTIC MAGMA; FRAGMENTATION; VESICULATION; INFERENCES; ASCENT; ASH
AB Hawaiian eruptions are characterized by fountains of gas and ejecta, sustained for hours to days that reach tens to hundreds of meters in height. Quantitative analysis of the pyroclastic products from the 1959 eruption of KA << lauea Iki, KA << lauea volcano, Hawai'i, provides insights into the processes occurring during typical Hawaiian fountaining activity. This short-lived but powerful eruption contained 17 fountaining episodes and produced a cone and tephra blanket as well as a lava lake that interacted with the vent and fountain during all but the first episode of the eruption, the focus of this paper. Microtextural analysis of Hawaiian fountaining products from this opening episode is used to infer vesiculation processes within the fountain and shallow conduit. Vesicle number densities for all clasts are high (10(6)-10(7) cm(-3)). Post-fragmentation expansion of bubbles within the thermally-insulated fountain overprints the pre-fragmentation bubble populations, leading to a reduction in vesicle number density and increase in mean vesicle size. However, early quenched rims of some clasts, with vesicle number densities approaching 10(7) cm(-3), are probably a valid approximation to magma conditions near fragmentation. The extent of clast evolution from low vesicle-to-melt ratio and corresponding high vesicle number density to higher vesicle-to-melt ratio and lower vesicle-number density corresponds to the length of residence time within the fountain.
C1 [Stovall, Wendy K.; Houghton, B. F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Gonnermann, H.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
[Fagents, S. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Swanson, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA.
RP Stovall, WK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM wstovall@soest.hawaii.edu
RI Houghton, Bruce/H-3363-2011; Gonnermann, Helge/B-1054-2012; Fagents,
Sarah/B-3983-2014
FU NSF [EAR-0709303, OISE-0811838]; NOAA Pacific Services Center
FX We thank Julia Hammer, Gary Barnes, Jacopo Taddeucci, and an anonymous
reviewer for their helpful feedback on this work prior to publication.
The breadth of this data set was greatly helped by Maria Janebo's
diligent and thorough assistance with laboratory work. We are also very
grateful to Thomas Shea for his invaluable MATLAB program, FOAMS. Thanks
also to Lisa Swinnard and Penny Larin for their help with rocks and
stratigraphical logs. This research was funded by NSF grants EAR-0709303
and OISE-0811838 and published under employment with IM Systems Group on
contract at NOAA Pacific Services Center.
NR 30
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U1 0
U2 21
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0258-8900
J9 B VOLCANOL
JI Bull. Volcanol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 5
BP 511
EP 529
DI 10.1007/s00445-010-0426-z
PG 19
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 778XG
UT WOS:000291742100004
ER
PT J
AU Willard, DA
Bernhardt, CE
AF Willard, Debra A.
Bernhardt, Christopher E.
TI Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands:
placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES;
NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION RECORD; FLORIDA EVERGLADES;
EL-NINO; SEDIMENTARY RECORD; NATIONAL-PARK; TREE ISLANDS; C-14 DATES
AB We synthesize existing evidence on the ecological history of the Florida Everglades since its inception similar to 7 ka (calibrated kiloannum) and evaluate the relative impacts of sea level rise, climate variability, and human alteration of Everglades hydrology on wetland plant communities. Initial freshwater peat accumulation began between 6 and 7 ka on the platform underlying modern Florida Bay when sea level was similar to 6.2 m below its current position. By 5 ka, sawgrass and waterlily peats covered the area bounded by Lake Okeechobee to the north and the Florida Keys to the south. Slower rates of relative sea level rise similar to 3 ka stabilized the south Florida coastline and initiated transitions from freshwater to mangrove peats near the coast. Hydrologic changes in freshwater marshes also are indicated similar to 3 ka. During the last similar to 2 ka, the Everglades wetland was affected by a series of hydrologic fluctuations related to regional to global-scale fluctuations in climate and sea level. Pollen evidence indicates that regional-scale droughts lasting two to four centuries occurred similar to 1 ka and similar to 0.4 ka, altering wetland community composition and triggering development of characteristic Everglades habitats such as sawgrass ridges and tree islands. Intercalation of mangrove peats with estuarine muds similar to 1 ka indicates a temporary slowing or stillstand of sea level. Although sustained droughts and Holocene sea level rise played large roles in structuring the greater Everglades ecosystem, twentieth century reductions in freshwater flow, compartmentalization of the wetland, and accelerated rates of sea level rise had unprecedented impacts on oxidation and subsidence of organic soils, changes/loss of key Everglades habitats, and altered distribution of coastal vegetation.
C1 [Willard, Debra A.; Bernhardt, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Willard, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM dwillard@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX We gratefully acknowledge contributions by numerous colleagues to field,
laboratory, and pollen analytical components of the research, including
P. Buchanan, J. Damon, C. Holmes, D. Korejwo, B. Landacre, A. Lavenburg,
M. Marot, J. Murray, T. Sheehan, N. Waibel, L. Weimer, and L. Wingard.
Logistical support and guidance on site selection were provided by
personnel with South Florida Water Management District, Florida Fish and
Wildlife Conservation Commission, Everglades National Park, Big Cypress
National Preserve, Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife
Refuge. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from Beta Analytic, Inc, Miami,
Florida. C. Holmes and M. Marot (USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine
Science Center) provided lead-210 and cesium-137 data and assisted in
age-model development. We thank T. Cronin, L. Wingard, and two anonymous
reviewers for thoughtful comments on the manuscript. This research was
supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority
Ecosystem Studies Program and the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and
Land Use Change Research and Development Program.
NR 85
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U1 4
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PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-2
BP 59
EP 80
DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 777XH
UT WOS:000291658000004
ER
PT J
AU Saha, S
Bradley, K
Ross, MS
Hughes, P
Wilmers, T
Ruiz, PL
Bergh, C
AF Saha, Sonali
Bradley, Keith
Ross, Michael S.
Hughes, Phillip
Wilmers, Thomas
Ruiz, Pablo L.
Bergh, Chris
TI Hurricane effects on subtropical pine rocklands of the Florida Keys
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; COASTAL; FOREST;
DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; IMPACT; STORM
AB We investigate the effects of Hurricane Wilma's storm surge (23-24 October 2005) on the dominant tree Pinus elliottii var densa (South Florida slash pine) and rare plant species in subtropical pine rocklands of the Lower Florida Keys. We examine the role of elevation on species abundance in 1995 (Hurricane Betsy in 1965), 2005 (Hurricane Georges in 1998), and 2008 (Hurricane Wilma in 2005) to investigate if hurricanes influence abundance by eliminating plants at lower elevation on Big Pine Key, the largest island in the Lower Florida Keys. We compare densities before and after Hurricane Wilma over the 2005-2008 sampling period and examine the role of elevation on changes in pine and rare species densities three years after Hurricane Wilma. We use elevation to assess the impact of hurricanes because elevation determined whether a location was influenced by storm surge (maximum surge of 2 m) in the Lower Florida Keys, where pine rocklands occur at a maximum elevation of 3 m. In 1995 (30 years after a major storm), elevation did not explain the abundance of South Florida slash pine or Chamaecrista lineata, but explained significant variation in abundance of Chamaesyce deltoidea. The latter two species are rare herbaceous plants restricted to pine rocklands. In 2008, 3 years after Hurricane Wilma, the positive relationship between elevation and abundance was strongest for South Florida slash pine, C. deltoidea, and C. lineata. Effects of Hurricane Wilma were not significant for rare species with wider distribution, occurring in plant communities adjacent to pine rocklands and in disturbed rocklands. Our results suggest that hurricanes drive population dynamics of South Florida slash pine and rare species that occur exclusively in pine rocklands at higher elevations. Rare species restricted to pine rocklands showed dramatic declines after Hurricane Wilma and were eliminated at elevations < 0.5 m. Widely distributed rare species did not show significant changes in density after Hurricane Wilma. Abundance increased with elevation for South Florida slash pine and C. lineata after the hurricane. In an environment influenced by sea level rise, concrete plans to conserve pine ecosystems are warranted. Results from this study will help define conservation strategies by strengthening predictive understanding of plant responses to disturbance in the backdrop of sea level rise.
C1 [Saha, Sonali; Bradley, Keith] Inst Reg Conservat, Miami, FL 33170 USA.
[Ross, Michael S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Ross, Michael S.; Ruiz, Pablo L.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Hughes, Phillip; Wilmers, Thomas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA.
[Bergh, Chris] Nature Conservancy, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA.
RP Saha, S (reprint author), Inst Reg Conservat, 22601 SW 152nd Ave, Miami, FL 33170 USA.
EM sahairc@gmail.com
FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service [401817G058, 401815G009]
FX This study was supported by United States Fish and Wildlife Service
grants to the Institute for Regional Conservation (#401817G058 and
#401815G009), and to M. S. Ross (Florida International University). We
thank Dr. O. Gaoue from University of Miami for statistical advice.
Comments by K. Hines and C. Anderson substantially improved the
manuscript. We also thank S. G. Green, K. Samelson, and S. Hodges for
assistance in the field.
NR 60
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U1 1
U2 28
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-2
BP 169
EP 184
DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0081-1
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 777XH
UT WOS:000291658000009
ER
PT J
AU Martin, J
Fackler, PL
Nichols, JD
Lubow, BC
Eaton, MJ
Runge, MC
Stith, BM
Langtimm, CA
AF Martin, Julien
Fackler, Paul L.
Nichols, James D.
Lubow, Bruce C.
Eaton, Mitchell J.
Runge, Michael C.
Stith, Bradley M.
Langtimm, Catherine A.
TI Structured decision making as a proactive approach to dealing with sea
level rise in Florida
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID ADAPTIVE-MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNCERTAINTY; OPTIMIZATION;
CONSERVATION; FRAMEWORK; HARVESTS
AB Sea level rise (SLR) projections along the coast of Florida present an enormous challenge for management and conservation over the long term. Decision makers need to recognize and adopt strategies to adapt to the potentially detrimental effects of SLR. Structured decision making (SDM) provides a rigorous framework for the management of natural resources. The aim of SDM is to identify decisions that are optimal with respect to management objectives and knowledge of the system. Most applications of SDM have assumed that the managed systems are governed by stationary processes. However, in the context of SLR it may be necessary to acknowledge that the processes underlying managed systems may be non-stationary, such that systems will be continuously changing. Therefore, SLR brings some unique considerations to the application of decision theory for natural resource management. In particular, SLR is expected to affect each of the components of SDM. For instance, management objectives may have to be reconsidered more frequently than under more stable conditions. The set of potential actions may also have to be adapted over time as conditions change. Models have to account for the non-stationarity of the modeled system processes. Each of the important sources of uncertainty in decision processes is expected to be exacerbated by SLR. We illustrate our ideas about adaptation of natural resource management to SLR by modeling a non-stationary system using a numerical example. We provide additional examples of an SDM approach for managing species that may be affected by SLR, with a focus on the endangered Florida manatee.
C1 [Martin, Julien] Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Nichols, James D.; Eaton, Mitchell J.; Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Fackler, Paul L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Lubow, Bruce C.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Stith, Bradley M.] Jacobs Technol, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA.
[Langtimm, Catherine A.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA.
RP Martin, J (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM Julien.Martin@MyFWC.com
RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011
OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X
FU USGS
FX The authors thank Leslie Ward-Geiger, Timothy E. O'Meara and Allan
O'Connell, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.
Langtimm and Stith were supported in part by the USGS FISCHS Project
(Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species),
which is funded by USGS Ecosystems Mapping and USGS Greater Everglades
Priority Ecosystems Science.
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PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-2
BP 185
EP 202
DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0085-x
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 777XH
UT WOS:000291658000010
ER
PT J
AU Hahn, DC
AF Hahn, D. Caldwell
TI Patterns of maternal yolk hormones in eastern screech owl eggs
(Megascops asio)
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Steroid hormones; Yolk; Androgens; Corticosterone; Estradiol; Egg laying
order; Owls; Maternal effects; Sibling feeding hierarchy
ID BLACK-HEADED GULL; AMONG-CLUTCH VARIATION; FEMALE ZEBRA FINCHES;
HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; LAYING ORDER; CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS; OFFSPRING
PHENOTYPE; PASSER-DOMESTICUS; AMERICAN KESTRELS; STURNUS-VULGARIS
AB Owl clutches typically hatch asynchronously, and brood size hierarchies develop. In this study, we describe intra-clutch variation of testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, and corticosterone in Eastern screech owl egg yolks. In order to assess whether these hormones may have originated in the follicle, we also characterize variation of testosterone, androstenedione, and corticosterone within the exterior, intermediate, and interior regions of the yolk. Concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione were distributed relatively evenly across egg lay order with the exception of first-laid eggs that had significantly lower concentrations of both androgens than eggs later in the laying sequence. Corticosterone and estradiol did not vary with laying order. Our results suggest that when food is abundant, yolk hormones are deposited in patterns that minimize sibling differences except to reduce dominance by the first-hatching chick. Testosterone and androstenedione concentrations varied throughout the yolk, while corticosterone was evenly distributed throughout the yolk. This supports a follicular origin for both yolk androgens, and an adrenal origin for yolk corticosterone. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Hahn, DC (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM chahn@usgs.gov
FU USGS-PWRC; Maryland Ornithological Society
FX USGS-Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and Graham W. Smith kindly
provided access to the owl colony. USGS-PWRC and Maryland Ornithological
Society generously provided research support. Corinne Kozlowski, Saint
Louis Zoo Research Department, conducted hormone assays and contributed
to literature search. Larry Douglass, Department of Animal Sciences,
University of Maryland, carried out statistical analyses. We appreciate
Wayne Bauer and Mary Paul for providing care of the owls and Kelly Amy,
Chris Gordon, Melody Nevins, and Nathan Rolls for assisting with
monitoring egg laying and collecting eggs. John B. French, Barnett
Rattner, J.J. Atwood, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful
reviews of the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 68
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U1 3
U2 13
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
EI 1095-6840
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD JUL 1
PY 2011
VL 172
IS 3
BP 423
EP 429
DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.001
PG 7
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 779EX
UT WOS:000291762000012
PM 21510950
ER
PT J
AU Poessel, SA
Biggins, DE
Santymire, RM
Livieri, TM
Crooks, KR
Angeloni, L
AF Poessel, Sharon A.
Biggins, Dean E.
Santymire, Rachel M.
Livieri, Travis M.
Crooks, Kevin R.
Angeloni, Lisa
TI Environmental enrichment affects adrenocortical stress responses in the
endangered black-footed ferret
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Black-footed ferret; Environmental enrichment; Enzyme-immunoassay; Fecal
glucocorticoid metabolites; Mustela nigripes; Stress
ID MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; ADRENAL ACTIVITY; FEMALE RATS; CONSERVATION;
CAPTIVITY; HORMONES; BEHAVIOR; BIOLOGY; WELFARE; TRANSLOCATION
AB Potential stressors of wildlife living in captivity, such as artificial living conditions and frequent human contact, may lead to a higher occurrence of disease and reduced reproductive function. One successful method used by wildlife managers to improve general well-being is the provision of environmental enrichment, which is the practice of providing animals under managed care with environmental stimuli. The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) is a highly-endangered carnivore species that was rescued from extinction by removal of the last remaining individuals from the wild to begin an ex situ breeding program. Our goal was to examine the effect of environmental enrichment on adrenocortical activity in ferrets by monitoring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM). Results demonstrated that enrichment lowered FGM in juvenile male ferrets, while increasing it in adult females; enrichment had no effect on FGM in juvenile females and adult males. These results correspond with our findings that juvenile males interacted more with the enrichment items than did adult females. However, we did not detect an impact of FGM on the incidence of disease or on the ability of ferrets to become reproductive during the following breeding season. We conclude that an environmental enrichment program could benefit captive juvenile male ferrets by reducing adrenocortical activity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Poessel, Sharon A.; Crooks, Kevin R.; Angeloni, Lisa] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Santymire, Rachel M.] Davee Ctr Epidemiol & Endocrinol, Chicago, IL 60614 USA.
[Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA.
[Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Angeloni, Lisa] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Poessel, SA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM sharpoes@gmail.com
RI Poessel, Sharon/B-3651-2013
OI Poessel, Sharon/0000-0002-0283-627X
FU Colorado State University; Rocky Mountain Goat Foundation; Hill Memorial
Fellowship; Women in Natural Sciences Fellowship
FX This study was supported by Colorado State University, the Rocky
Mountain Goat Foundation, the Hill Memorial Fellowship, and the Women in
Natural Sciences Fellowship. The funding sources were not involved in
the study design, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of the
data, the writing of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper
for publication.
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U1 5
U2 63
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD JUL 1
PY 2011
VL 172
IS 3
BP 526
EP 533
DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.018
PG 8
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 779EX
UT WOS:000291762000023
PM 21549121
ER
PT J
AU Covault, JA
Romans, BW
Graham, SA
Fildani, A
Hilley, GE
AF Covault, Jacob A.
Romans, Brian W.
Graham, Stephan A.
Fildani, Andrea
Hilley, George E.
TI Terrestrial source to deep-sea sink sediment budgets at high and low sea
levels: Insights from tectonically active Southern California
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BENGAL FAN; RIVERS; HIGHSTAND; RATES
AB Sediment routing from terrestrial source areas to the deep sea influences landscapes and seascapes and supply and filling of sedimentary basins. However, a comprehensive assessment of land-to-deep-sea sediment budgets over millennia with significant climate change is lacking. We provide source to sink sediment budgets using cosmogenic radionuclide-derived terrestrial denudation rates and submarine-fan deposition rates through sea-level fluctuations since oxygen isotope stage 3 (younger than 40 ka) in tectonically active, spatially restricted sediment-routing systems of Southern California. We show that source-area denudation and deep-sea deposition are balanced during a period of generally falling and low sea level (40-13 ka), but that deep-sea deposition exceeds terrestrial denudation during the subsequent period of rising and high sea level (younger than 13 ka). This additional supply of sediment is likely owed to enhanced dispersal of sediment across the shelf caused by seacliff erosion during postglacial shoreline transgression and initiation of submarine mass wasting. During periods of both low and high sea level, land and deep-sea sediment fluxes do not show orders of magnitude imbalances that might be expected in the wake of major sea-level changes. Thus, sediment-routing processes in a globally significant class of small, tectonically active systems might be fundamentally different from those of larger systems that drain entire orogens, in which sediment storage in coastal plains and wide continental shelves can exceed millions of years. Furthermore, in such small systems, depositional changes offshore can reflect onshore changes when viewed over time scales of several thousand years to more than 10 k.y.
C1 [Covault, Jacob A.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20912 USA.
[Romans, Brian W.; Fildani, Andrea] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Clast Stratig Res & Dev, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA.
[Graham, Stephan A.; Hilley, George E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Covault, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20912 USA.
RI Fildani, Andrea/E-5956-2011; Romans, Brian/G-2035-2010;
OI Romans, Brian/0000-0002-3112-0326
NR 20
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U1 0
U2 18
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 39
IS 7
BP 619
EP 622
DI 10.1130/G31801.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 778TQ
UT WOS:000291729600003
ER
PT J
AU Sisson, TW
Robinson, JE
Swinney, DD
AF Sisson, T. W.
Robinson, J. E.
Swinney, D. D.
TI Whole-edifice ice volume change AD 1970 to 2007/2008 at Mount Rainier,
Washington, based on LiDAR surveying
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GLACIER; USA; FLUCTUATIONS; BALANCE
AB Net changes in thickness and volume of glacial ice and perennial snow at Mount Rainier, Washington State, have been mapped over the entire edifice by differencing between a high-resolution LiDAR (light detection and ranging) topographic survey of September-October 2007/2008 and the 10 m lateral resolution U.S. Geological Survey digital elevation model derived from September 1970 aerial photography. Excepting the large Emmons and Winthrop Glaciers, all of Mount Rainier's glaciers thinned and retreated in their terminal regions, with substantial thinning mainly at elevations <2000 m and the greatest thinning on south-facing glaciers. Mount Rainier's glaciers and snowfields also lost volume over the interval, excepting the east-flank Fryingpan and Emmons Glaciers and minor near-summit snowfields; maximum volume losses were centered from similar to 1750 m (north flank) to similar to 2250 m (south flank) elevation. The greatest single volume loss was from the Carbon Glacier, despite its northward aspect, due to its sizeable area at <2000 m elevation. Overall, Mount Rainier lost similar to 14 vol% glacial ice and perennial snow over the 37 to 38 yr interval between surveys. Enhanced thinning of south-flank glaciers may be meltback from the high snowfall period of the mid-1940s to mid-1970s associated with the cool phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.
C1 [Sisson, T. W.; Robinson, J. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Swinney, D. D.] Natl Pk Serv, Ashford, WA 98304 USA.
RP Sisson, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM tsisson@usgs.gov; jrobins@usgs.gov; Darin_Swinney@nps.gov
NR 22
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U1 2
U2 19
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 39
IS 7
BP 639
EP 642
DI 10.1130/G31902.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 778TQ
UT WOS:000291729600008
ER
PT J
AU Lipman, PW
Calvert, AT
AF Lipman, Peter W.
Calvert, Andrew T.
TI Early growth of Kohala volcano and formation of long Hawaiian rift zones
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MODELS; RIDGE
AB Transitional-composition pillow basalts from the toe of the Hilo Ridge, collected from outcrop by submersible, have yielded the oldest ages known from the Island of Hawaii: 1138 +/- 34 to 1159 +/- 33 ka. Hilo Ridge has long been interpreted as a submarine rift zone of Mauna Kea, but the new ages validate proposals that it is the distal east rift zone of Kohala, the oldest subaerial volcano on the island. These ages constrain the inception of tholeiitic volcanism at Kohala, provide the first measured duration of tholeiitic shield building (>= 870 k.y.) for any Hawaiian volcano, and show that this 125-km-long rift zone developed to near-total length during early growth of Kohala. Long eastern-trending rift zones of Hawaiian volcanoes may follow fractures in oceanic crust activated by arching of the Hawaiian Swell in front of the propagating hotspot.
C1 [Lipman, Peter W.; Calvert, Andrew T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Lipman, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 22
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 13
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 39
IS 7
BP 659
EP 662
DI 10.1130/G31929.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 778TQ
UT WOS:000291729600013
ER
PT J
AU Griffith, EM
Paytan, A
Eisenhauer, A
Bullen, TD
Thomas, E
AF Griffith, Elizabeth M.
Paytan, Adina
Eisenhauer, Anton
Bullen, Thomas D.
Thomas, Ellen
TI Seawater calcium isotope ratios across the Eocene-Oligocene transition
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTARCTIC GLACIATION; CA ISOTOPES; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; COMPENSATION
DEPTH; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CYCLE; FRACTIONATION; CARBONATE; EVOLUTION; RECORD
AB During the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT, ca. 34 Ma), Earth's climate cooled significantly from a greenhouse to an icehouse climate, while the calcite (CaCO3) compensation depth (CCD) in the Pacific Ocean increased rapidly. Fluctuations in the CCD could result from various processes that create an imbalance between calcium (Ca) sources to, and sinks from, the ocean (e. g., weathering and CaCO3 deposition), with different effects on the isotopic composition of dissolved Ca in the oceans due to differences in the Ca isotopic composition of various inputs and outputs. We used Ca isotope ratios (delta Ca-44/40) of coeval pelagic marine barite and bulk carbonate to evaluate changes in the marine Ca cycle across the EOT. We show that the permanent deepening of the CCD was not accompanied by a pronounced change in seawater delta Ca-44/40, whereas time intervals in the Neogene with smaller carbonate depositional changes are characterized by seawater delta Ca-44/40 shifts. This suggests that the response of seawater delta Ca-44/40 to changes in weathering fluxes and to imbalances in the oceanic alkalinity budget depends on the chemical composition of seawater. A minor and transient fluctuation in the Ca isotope ratio of bulk carbonate may reflect a change in isotopic fractionation associated with CaCO3 precipitation from seawater due to a combination of factors, including changes in temperature and/or in the assemblages of calcifying organisms.
C1 [Griffith, Elizabeth M.] Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA.
[Griffith, Elizabeth M.; Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Eisenhauer, Anton] Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch IFM GEOMAR, D-24148 Kiel, Germany.
[Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Branch Reg Res, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Thomas, Ellen] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Thomas, Ellen] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA.
RP Griffith, EM (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, 221 McGilvrey Hall, Kent, OH 44242 USA.
RI Thomas, Ellen/E-5573-2011; Eisenhauer, Anton/K-6454-2012
OI Thomas, Ellen/0000-0002-7141-9904;
FU National Science Foundaiton [OCE-0449732]; National Defense Science and
Engineering
FX Samples were provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. This
work was supported by National Science Foundaiton CAREER grant
OCE-0449732 (Paytan) and National Defense Science and Engineering
Graduate Fellowship and National Science Foundation Graduate Research
Fellowship (Griffith). This is a contribution to EuroCLIMATE project 04
ECLIM FP08 CASIOPEIA.
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U1 6
U2 33
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 39
IS 7
BP 683
EP 686
DI 10.1130/G31872.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 778TQ
UT WOS:000291729600019
ER
PT J
AU Sivy, KJ
Ostoja, SM
Schupp, EW
Durham, S
AF Sivy, Kelly J.
Ostoja, Steven M.
Schupp, Eugene W.
Durham, Susan
TI Effects of rodent species, seed species, and predator cues on seed fate
SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Great basin desert; Desert rodents; Granivory; Predator cues; Seed fate;
Seed removal
ID RISK ALLOCATION HYPOTHESIS; HETEROMYID RODENTS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR;
DESERT RODENTS; ORYZOPSIS-HYMENOIDES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE;
DIPODOMYS-MERRIAMI; OWL PREDATION; MICROHABITAT; COMPETITION
AB Seed selection, removal and subsequent management by granivorous animals is thought to be a complex interaction of factors including qualities of the seeds themselves (e.g., seed size, nutritional quality) and features of the local habitat (e.g. perceived predator risk). At the same time, differential seed selection and dispersal is thought to have profound effects on seed fate and potentially vegetation dynamics. In a feeding arena, we tested whether rodent species, seed species, and indirect and direct predation cues influence seed selection and handling behaviors (e.g., scatter hoarding versus larder hoarding) of two heteromyid rodents, Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) and the Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus). The indirect cue was shrub cover, a feature of the environment. Direct cues, presented individually, were (1) control, (2) coyote (Canis latrans) vocalization, (3) coyote scent, (4) red fox (Vulpes vulpes) scent, or (5) short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) vocalization. We offered seeds of three sizes: two native grasses, Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides) and bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), and the non-native cereal rye (Secale cereale), each in separate trays. Kangaroo rats preferentially harvested Indian ricegrass while pocket mice predominately harvested Indian ricegrass and cereal rye. Pocket mice were more likely to scatter hoard preferred seeds, whereas kangaroo rats mostly consumed and/or larder hoarded preferred seeds. No predator cue significantly affected seed preferences. However, both species altered seed handling behavior in response to direct predation cues by leaving more seeds available in the seed pool, though they responded to different predator cues. If these results translate to natural dynamics on the landscape, the two rodents are expected to have different impacts on seed survival and plant recruitment via their different seed selection and seed handling behaviors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sivy, Kelly J.; Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Ostoja, Steven M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA.
[Schupp, Eugene W.; Durham, Susan] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Sivy, KJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM kjsivy@gmail.com
RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010
FU Utah State University (USU); USU College of Natural Resources; USU
Ecology Center; USU School of Graduate Studies; Utah Agricultural
Experiment Station (UAES); U.S. Joint Fire Science Program
FX This work was supported by a Utah State University (USU) Undergraduate
Research and Creative Opportunities Grant to (KJS), a USU College of
Natural Resources Undergraduate Independent Research Grant to (KJS), a
USU Ecology Center Research Fellowship and a USU School of Graduate
Studies Dissertation Fellowship to (SMO), the Utah Agricultural
Experiment Station (UAES), and the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation
Project, which is funded by the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program.
NR 47
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U1 5
U2 89
PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER
PI PARIS
PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 1146-609X
J9 ACTA OECOL
JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 4
BP 321
EP 328
DI 10.1016/j.actao.2011.03.004
PG 8
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 787DL
UT WOS:000292356700004
ER
PT J
AU DeAngelis, DL
Wolkowicz, GSK
Lou, Y
Jiang, YX
Novak, M
Svanback, R
Araujo, MS
Jo, Y
Cleary, EA
AF DeAngelis, Donald L.
Wolkowicz, Gail S. K.
Lou, Yuan
Jiang, Yuexin
Novak, Mark
Svanback, Richard
Araujo, Marcio S.
Jo, YoungSeung
Cleary, Erin A.
TI The Effect of Travel Loss on Evolutionarily Stable Distributions of
Populations in Space
SO AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE ideal free distribution; evolutionarily stable strategy; foraging
strategy with movement costs; food chain; metapopulation; stream drift
ID IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT SELECTION; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS;
DRIFT PARADOX; STREAM DRIFT; DISPERSAL; INVERTEBRATES; MOVEMENT;
STRATEGY; COSTS
AB A key assumption of the ideal free distribution (IFD) is that there are no costs in moving between habitat patches. However, because many populations exhibit more or less continuous population movement between patches and traveling cost is a frequent factor, it is important to determine the effects of costs on expected population movement patterns and spatial distributions. We consider a food chain (tritrophic or bitrophic) in which one species moves between patches, with energy cost or mortality risk in movement. In the two-patch case, assuming forced movement in one direction, an evolutionarily stable strategy requires bidirectional movement, even if costs during movement are high. In the N-patch case, assuming that at least one patch is linked bidirectionally to all other patches, optimal movement rates can lead to source-sink dynamics where patches with negative growth rates are maintained by other patches with positive growth rates. As well, dispersal between patches is not balanced (even in the two-patch case), leading to a deviation from the IFD. Our results indicate that cost-associated forced movement can have important consequences for spatial metapopulation dynamics. Relevance to marine reserve design and the study of stream communities subject to drift is discussed.
C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Wolkowicz, Gail S. K.; Cleary, Erin A.] McMaster Univ, Dept Math, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
[Lou, Yuan] Ohio State Univ, Dept Math, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Jiang, Yuexin] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Novak, Mark] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Svanback, Richard] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
[Araujo, Marcio S.] Florida Int Univ, Marine Sci Program, N Miami, FL 33181 USA.
[Jo, YoungSeung] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu
RI Araujo, Marcio/G-9485-2011; Novak, Mark/E-2194-2012
OI Araujo, Marcio/0000-0003-3533-744X;
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)'s Southeast Ecological Science Center;
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National
Science Foundation; USGS's Western Ecological Research Center;
University of California, Santa Cruz, freshwater ecology research group;
Swedish Research Council
FX The idea for this article was stimulated by a workshop at the National
Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis on "Modeling the
Ecology of Intraspecific Niche Variation," organized by D. Bolnick, V.
Rudolf, and K. McCann. We are also grateful for the many valuable
comments and suggestions from C. Cosner, J. E. Diffendorfer, D. W.
Morris, and an anonymous reviewer. D. L. D. was supported by the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS)'s Southeast Ecological Science Center. G. S. K.
W. was partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada. Y.L. was partially supported by the National
Science Foundation. M.N. acknowledges the support of the USGS's Western
Ecological Research Center and the University of California, Santa Cruz,
freshwater ecology research group. R. S. acknowledges funding from the
Swedish Research Council. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.
S. government.
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U1 4
U2 26
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0003-0147
J9 AM NAT
JI Am. Nat.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 178
IS 1
BP 15
EP 29
DI 10.1086/660280
PG 15
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 782VH
UT WOS:000292040200004
PM 21670574
ER
PT J
AU Snyder, RJ
DeMarche, CJ
Honeyfield, DC
AF Snyder, Randal J.
DeMarche, Chad J.
Honeyfield, Dale C.
TI Impacts of changing food webs in Lake Ontario: Implications of dietary
fatty acids on growth of Alewives
SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE nutrition; lipids; Great Lakes; Mysis; preyfish; bioenergetics
ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; THIAMINASE ACTIVITY;
ECOSYSTEM CHANGE; RAINBOW SMELT; MICHIGAN; FISH; CONSUMPTION;
SUSTAINABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON
AB Declines in the abundance and condition of Great Lakes Alewives have been reported periodically during the last two decades, and the reasons for these declines remain unclear To better understand how food web changes may influence Alewife growth and Wisconsin growth model predictions, we fed Alewives isocaloric diets high in omega-6 fatty acids (corn oil) or high in omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil). Alewives were fed the experimental diets at either 1% ("low ration") or 3% ("high ration") of their wet body weight per day After six weeks, Alewives maintained on the high ration diets were significantly larger than those fed the low ration diets. Moreover, Alewives given the high ration fish oil diet were significantly larger than those maintained on the high ration corn oil diet after six weeks of growth. Body lipid, energy density and total body energy of Alewives on the high ration diets were significantly higher than those fed the low ration diets, and total body energy was significantly higher in Alewives given the high ration fish oil diet compared to those on the high ration corn oil diet. The current Wisconsin bioenergetics model underestimated growth and overestimated food consumption by Alewives in our study. Alewife thiaminase activity was similar among treatment groups. Overall, our results suggest that future food web changes in Lake Ontario, particularly if they involve decreases in the abundance of lipid rich prey items such as Mysis, may reduce Alewife growth rates and total body energy due to reductions in the availability of dietary omega-3 fatty acids.
C1 [Snyder, Randal J.; DeMarche, Chad J.] SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Biol, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA.
[Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA.
RP Snyder, RJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Biol, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA.
EM snyderrj@buffalostate.edu
FU SUNY Research Foundation
FX This research was supported by a grant from the SUNY Research Foundation
to RJS. We thank W. Schregel (SUNY College at Buffalo) and W. Ridge
(USGS) for their assistance with laboratory work.
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U1 1
U2 27
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1463-4988
EI 1539-4077
J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH
JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2011
VL 14
IS 3
BP 231
EP 238
DI 10.1080/14634988.2011.598102
PG 8
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 827HP
UT WOS:000295419900002
ER
PT J
AU Kurath, G
Winton, J
AF Kurath, Gael
Winton, James
TI Complex dynamics at the interface between wild and domestic viruses of
finfish
SO CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS; FLOUNDER
PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; SALMO-SALAR L; MARINE FISH; ATLANTIC SALMON;
GLYCOPROTEIN GENE; KOI HERPESVIRUS; WHITE STURGEON; NORTH-AMERICA
AB Viral traffic occurs readily between wild and domesticated stocks of finfish because aquatic environments have greater connectivity than their terrestrial counterparts and because the global expansion and dynamic nature of intensive aquaculture provide multiple pathways of transmission and unique drivers of virus adaptation. Supported by examples from the literature, we provide reasons why viruses move from wild fish reservoirs to infect domestic fish in aquaculture more readily than 'domestic' viruses move across the interface to infect wild stocks. We also hypothesize that 'wild' viruses moving across the interface to domestic populations of finfish are more frequently associated with disease outbreaks and host switches compared to domestic viruses that cross the interface to infect wild fish.
C1 [Kurath, Gael; Winton, James] USGS Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Kurath, G (reprint author), USGS Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM gkurath@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey
FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey. Mention of trade names
does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
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U1 1
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1879-6257
J9 CURR OPIN VIROL
JI Curr. Opin. Virol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 1
IS 1
BP 73
EP 80
DI 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.05.010
PG 8
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 050JX
UT WOS:000312050700014
PM 22440571
ER
PT J
AU Moulin, B
Schenk, ER
Hupp, CR
AF Moulin, Bertrand
Schenk, Edward R.
Hupp, Cliff R.
TI Distribution and characterization of in-channel large wood in relation
to geomorphic patterns on a low-gradient river
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
LA English
DT Article
ID OLD-GROWTH; FISH RELATIONSHIPS; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; FLUME EXPERIMENT;
DEBRIS; STREAMS; DYNAMICS; USA; TRANSPORT; STORAGE
AB A 177 river km georeferenced aerial survey of in-channel large wood ( LW) on the lower Roanoke River, NC was conducted to determine LW dynamics and distributions on an eastern USA low-gradient large river. Results indicate a system with approximately 75% of the LW available for transport either as detached individual LW or as LW in log jams. There were approximately 55 individual LW per river km and another 59 pieces in log jams per river km. Individual LW is a product of bank erosion (73% is produced through erosion) and is isolated on the mid and upper banks at low flow. This LW does not appear to be important for either aquatic habitat or as a human risk. Log jams rest near or at water level making them a factor in bank complexity in an otherwise homogenous fine-grained channel. A segmentation test was performed using LW frequency by river km to detect breaks in longitudinal distribution and to define homogeneous reaches of LW frequency. Homogeneous reaches were then analyzed to determine their relationship to bank height, channel width/depth, sinuosity, and gradient. Results show that log jams are a product of LW transport and occur more frequently in areas with high snag concentrations, low to intermediate bank heights, high sinuosity, high local LW recruitment rates, and narrow channel widths. The largest concentration of log jams (21.5 log jams/km) occurs in an actively eroding reach. Log jam concentrations downstream of this reach are lower due to a loss of river competency as the channel reaches sea level and the concurrent development of unvegetated mudflats separating the active channel from the floodplain forest. Substantial LW transport occurs on this low-gradient, dam-regulated large river; this study, paired with future research on transport mechanisms should provide resource managers and policymakers with options to better manage aquatic habitat while mitigating possible negative impacts to human interests. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Schenk, Edward R.; Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Moulin, Bertrand] Univ Lyon, CNRS, AEMGEO, UMR Environm Ville & Soc 5600, F-69342 Lyon 07, France.
RP Schenk, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12205 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM eschenk@usgs.gov
OI Schenk, Edward/0000-0001-6886-5754
FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We would like to thank Cary Gordon and Bridget Lins for their months of
work reviewing video and creating the LW database. We also thank Jean
Richter (USFWS) for her invaluable support both in the office and the
field. The manuscript was greatly improved with the thoughtful reviews
of Herve Piegay, Katherine Skalak, and anonymous reviewers on behalf of
the journal. Funding for this project was provided by the US Geological
Survey and the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
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U1 1
U2 37
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0197-9337
J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND
JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 36
IS 9
BP 1137
EP 1151
DI 10.1002/esp.2135
PG 15
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 785TE
UT WOS:000292252000001
ER
PT J
AU Chandler, RB
Royle, JA
King, DI
AF Chandler, Richard B.
Royle, J. Andrew
King, David I.
TI Inference about density and temporary emigration in unmarked populations
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Chestnut-sided Warbler; Dendroica pensylvanica; detection probability;
hierarchical models; N-mixture model; population density; spot-mapping;
temporary emigration; unmarked populations; White Mountain National
Forest; USA
ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; REPLICATED COUNTS; MIXTURE-MODELS; ABUNDANCE;
SIZE
AB Few species are distributed uniformly in space, and populations of mobile organisms are rarely closed with respect to movement, yet many models of density rely upon these assumptions. We present a hierarchical model allowing inference about the density of unmarked populations subject to temporary emigration and imperfect detection. The model can be fit to data collected using a variety of standard survey methods such as repeated point counts in which removal sampling, double-observer sampling, or distance sampling is used during each count. Simulation studies demonstrated that parameter estimators are unbiased when temporary emigration is either "completely random" or is determined by the size and location of home ranges relative to survey points. We also applied the model to repeated removal sampling data collected on Chestnut-sided Warblers (Dendroica pensylvancia) in the White Mountain National Forest, USA. The density estimate from our model, 1.09 birds/ha, was similar to an estimate of 1.11 birds/ha produced by an intensive spot-mapping effort. Our model is also applicable when processes other than temporary emigration affect the probability of being available for detection, such as in studies using cue counts. Functions to implement the model have been added to the R package unmarked.
C1 [Chandler, Richard B.; Royle, J. Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Chandler, RB (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM rchandler@usgs.gov
RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016;
OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167
FU USDA Northern Research Station; White Mountain National Forest
FX M. Becker, C. Chandler, and D. Hof provided valuable assistance with
fieldwork and data collection. L. Prout, L. Rouse, and C. Weloth
provided additional logistical support. Funding for the fieldwork was
provided by the USDA Northern Research Station and the White Mountain
National Forest. The suggestions of Marc Kery, David Miller, and two
anonymous reviewers led to substantial improvements of the manuscript.
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U2 88
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0012-9658
EI 1939-9170
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 7
BP 1429
EP 1435
PG 7
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 793IR
UT WOS:000292814300007
PM 21870617
ER
PT J
AU Streby, HM
Andersen, DE
AF Streby, H. M.
Andersen, D. E.
TI Seasonal productivity in a population of migratory songbirds: why nest
data are not enough
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE migratory songbirds; Minnesota; nesting; Ovenbird; post-fledging;
productivity; Seiurus aurocapilla
AB Population models for many animals are limited by a lack of information regarding juvenile survival. In particular, studies of songbird reproductive output typically terminate with the success or failure of nests, despite the fact that adults spend the rest of the reproductive season rearing dependent fledglings. Unless fledgling survival does not vary, or varies consistently with nest productivity, conclusions about population dynamics based solely on nest data may be misleading. During 2007 and 2008, we monitored nests and used radio telemetry to monitor fledgling survival for a population of Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) in a managed-forest landscape in north-central Minnesota, USA. In addition to estimating nest and fledgling survival, we modeled growth for population segments partitioned by proximity to edges of non-nesting cover types (regenerating clearcuts). Nest survival was significantly lower, but fledgling survival was significantly higher, in 2007 than in 2008. Despite higher nest productivity in 2008, seasonal productivity (number of young surviving to independence per breeding female) was higher in 2007. Proximity to clearcut edge did not affect nest productivity. However, fledglings from nests near regenerating sapling-dominated clearcuts (7-20 years since harvest) had higher daily survival (0.992 +/- 0.005) than those from nests in interior forest (0.978 +/- 0.006), which in turn had higher daily survival than fledglings from nests near shrub-dominated clearcuts (<= 6 years since harvest; 0.927 +/- 0.030) in 2007, with a similar but statistically non-significant trend in 2008. Our population growth models predicted growth rates that differed by 2-39% ((x) over bar - 25%) from simpler models in which we replaced our estimates of first-year survival with one-half adult annual survival (an estimate commonly used in songbird population growth models). We conclude that nest productivity is an inadequate measure of songbird seasonal productivity, and that results based exclusively on nest data can yield misleading conclusions about population growth and clearcut edge effects. We suggest that direct estimates of juvenile survival could provide more accurate information for the management and conservation of many animal taxa.
C1 [Streby, H. M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Andersen, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM streb006@umn.edu
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey through Research;
Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Forest
Service
FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.
S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order No. 73 at the Minnesota
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, with in-kind support from
the U.S. Forest Service. We captured, handled, banded, and attached
radio trans-mitters to birds following IACUC Protocol # 0806A35761,
approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and
Use Committee. We extend our gratitude to D. Johnson, J. Manolis, F.
Cuthbert, J. Refsnider, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the
manuscript, S. Peterson, T. McAllister, J. Refsnider, A. Monroe, E.
Michel, D. Dessecker, A. Edmond, J. Hammers, K. Icknayan, and B. Poven
for assistance with field data collection, M. Nelson for GIS assistance,
T. Arnold for modeling advise, and J. Heineman for aerial telemetry
pilot excellence.
NR 65
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 17
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 7
AR UNSP 78
DI 10.1890/ES10-00187.1
PG 15
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V30IX
UT WOS:000208810800006
ER
PT J
AU Peterson, JT
Wisniewski, JM
Shea, CP
Jackson, CR
AF Peterson, James T.
Wisniewski, Jason M.
Shea, Colin P.
Jackson, C. Rhett
TI Estimation of Mussel Population Response to Hydrologic Alteration in a
Southeastern U.S. Stream
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Pradel models; Mussel demographic rates; Flow management; Drought;
Minimum flow; Unionidae
ID GULF COASTAL-PLAIN; FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY;
MARK-RECAPTURE; RECRUITMENT; ASSEMBLAGES; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA;
TOLERANCES; SURVIVAL
AB The southeastern United States has experienced severe, recurrent drought, rapid human population growth, and increasing agricultural irrigation during recent decades, resulting in greater demand for the water resources. During the same time period, freshwater mussels (Unioniformes) in the region have experienced substantial population declines. Consequently, there is growing interest in determining how mussel population declines are related to activities associated with water resource development. Determining the causes of mussel population declines requires, in part, an understanding of the factors influencing mussel population dynamics. We developed Pradel reverse-time, tag-recapture models to estimate survival, recruitment, and population growth rates for three federally endangered mussel species in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, Georgia. The models were parameterized using mussel tag-recapture data collected over five consecutive years from Sawhatchee Creek, located in southwestern Georgia. Model estimates indicated that mussel survival was strongly and negatively related to high flows during the summer, whereas recruitment was strongly and positively related to flows during the spring and summer. Using these models, we simulated mussel population dynamics under historic (1940-1969) and current (1980-2008) flow regimes and under increasing levels of water use to evaluate the relative effectiveness of alternative minimum flow regulations. The simulations indicated that the probability of simulated mussel population extinction was at least 8 times greater under current hydrologic regimes. In addition, simulations of mussel extinction under varying levels of water use indicated that the relative risk of extinction increased with increased water use across a range of minimum flow regulations. The simulation results also indicated that our estimates of the effects of water use on mussel extinction were influenced by the assumptions about the dynamics of the system, highlighting the need for further study of mussel population dynamics.
C1 [Peterson, James T.] US Geol Survey, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Wisniewski, Jason M.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, Social Circle, GA 30025 USA.
[Shea, Colin P.; Jackson, C. Rhett] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM jt.peterson@oregonstate.edu
OI Jackson, C. Rhett/0000-0001-6165-3556
FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural
Resources; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Georgia; Wildlife
Management Institute
FX This project was funded by a grant from the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. A
number of people were instrumental in providing assistance with this
project. We are particularly indebted to the many individuals who aided
during field sampling, including Karen Herrington, Sandy Pursifull, Beau
Dudley, Paul Benton, Andrea Crownhart, Justin Dycus, Jason Emmel, Ryan
Harrell, Katie Owers, Will Pruitt, Amos Tuck, Mieko Camp, and Deb
Weiler. Special thanks go out to Sandy Abbott and Carson Stringfellow
for initiating the tagging study and providing many useful hands during
sampling. The manuscript was improved with suggestions from T. Kwak, B.
Albanese, M. Gangloff and anonymous reviewers. The use of trade,
product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes
only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or
the U.S. Geological Survey. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of Natural
Resources, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management
Institute.
NR 41
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 8
U2 39
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 1
BP 109
EP 122
DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9688-2
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 778ZS
UT WOS:000291748500010
PM 21562852
ER
PT J
AU Metge, DW
Harvey, RW
Aiken, GR
Anders, R
Lincoln, G
Jasperse, J
Hill, MC
AF Metge, David W.
Harvey, Ronald W.
Aiken, George R.
Anders, Robert
Lincoln, George
Jasperse, Jay
Hill, Mary C.
TI Effects of Sediment-Associated Extractable Metals, Degree of Sediment
Grain Sorting, and Dissolved Organic Carbon upon Cryptosporidium parvum
Removal and Transport within Riverbank Filtration Sediments, Sonoma
County, California
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; AQUIFER SEDIMENTS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL FILTRATION;
BACTERIOPHAGE PRD1; COLLOID TRANSPORT; SANDY AQUIFER; OOCYSTS; WATER;
MICROSPHERES; SURFACE
AB Oocysts of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum are of particular concern for riverbank filtration (RBF) operations because of their persistence, ubiquity, and resistance to chlorine disinfection. At the Russian River RBF site (Sonoma County, CA), transport of C. parvum oocysts and oocyst-sized (3 mu m) carboxylate-modified microspheres through poorly sorted (sorting indices, sigma(1), up to 3.0) and geochemically heterogeneous sediments collected between 2 and 25 m below land surface (bls) were assessed. Removal was highly sensitive to variations in both the quantity of extractable metals (mainly Fe and Al) and degree of grain sorting. In flow-through columns, there was a log linear relationship (r(2) = 0.82 at p < 0.002) between collision efficiency (alpha, the probability that colloidal collisions with grain surfaces would result in attachment) and extractable metals, and a linear relationship (r(2) = 0.99 at p < 0.002) between alpha and sigma(1). Collectively, variability in extractable metals and grain sorting accounted for similar to 83% of the variability in alpha (at p < 0.0002) along the depth profiles. Amendments of 2.2 mg L-1 of Russian River dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reduced alpha for oocysts by 4-5 fold. The highly reactive hydrophobic organic acid (HPOA) fraction was particularly effective in re-entraining sediment-attached microspheres. However, the transport-enhancing effects of the riverine DOC did not appear to penetrate very deeply into the underlying sediments, judging from high alpha values (similar to 1.0) observed for oocysts being advected through unamended sediments collected at similar to 2 m bls. This study suggests that in evaluating the efficacy of RBF operations to remove oocysts, it may be necessary to consider not only the geochemical nature and size distribution of the sediment grains, but also the degrees of sediment sorting and the concentration, reactivity, and penetration of the source water DOC.
C1 [Metge, David W.; Harvey, Ronald W.; Aiken, George R.; Hill, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Anders, Robert] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
[Lincoln, George; Jasperse, Jay] Sonoma Cty Water Agcy, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA.
RP Metge, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM dwmetge@usgs.gov
RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013
OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503
FU Sonoma County Water Agency
FX We thank Ank Webbers, Jennifer Underwood, and Kristin Johansen for
assistance in the laboratory, Kenna Butler for HPOA isolation, Ted Stets
for statistics discussions, and Denny Eberl for help in performing XRD
analyses in sediments. We are grateful to our support agency, Sonoma
County Water Agency, as part of their research initiative program. Use
of brand names is for informational purposes only and does not
constitute product endorsement by the authors, USGS, or the publisher.
NR 42
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 21
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUL 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 13
BP 5587
EP 5595
DI 10.1021/es200544p
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 783IQ
UT WOS:000292075100021
PM 21634424
ER
PT J
AU Heinz, GH
Hoffman, DJ
Klimstra, JD
Stebbins, KR
Kondrad, SL
Erwin, CA
AF Heinz, Gary H.
Hoffman, David J.
Klimstra, Jon D.
Stebbins, Katherine R.
Kondrad, Shannon L.
Erwin, Carol A.
TI TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF INJECTED METHYLMERCURY ON AVIAN EMBRYOS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Methylmercury; Avian eggs; Egg injections; Avian embryo; Teratogenic
effects
ID METHYL MERCURY; AQUATIC BIRDS; COMMON LOONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS;
TOXICITY; EGGS; SELENIUM; MALLARD; CONTAMINATION; CALIFORNIA
AB Controlled laboratory studies with game farm mallards (Anus platyrhynchos) and chickens (Gallus gallus) have demonstrated that methylmercury can cause teratogenic effects in birds, but studies with wild species of birds are lacking. To address this need, closes of methylmercury chloride were injected into the eggs of 25 species of birds, and the dead embryos and hatched chicks were examined for external deformities. When data for controls were summed across all 25 species tested and across all types of deformities, 24 individuals out of a total of 1,533 (a rate of 1.57%) exhibited at least one deformity. In contrast, when data for all of the mercury treatments and all 25 species were summed, 188 deformed individuals out of a total of 2,292 (8.20%) were found. Some deformities, such as lordosis and scoliosis (twisting of the spine), misshapen heads, shortening or twisting of the neck, and deformities of the wings, were seldom observed in controls but occurred in much greater frequency in Hg-treated individuals. Only 0.59% of individual control dead embryos and hatchlings exhibited multiple deformities versus 3.18% for Hg-dosed dead embryos and hatchlings. Methylmercury seems to have a widespread teralogenic potential across many species of birds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1593-1598. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.; Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.; Kondrad, Shannon L.; Erwin, Carol A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA.
RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA.
EM gheinz@usgs.gov
FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12]
FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem
Restoration Program (grant number ERP-02D-C12) with additional support
from the U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We
thank Donna Podger and Carol Adkins of the California Bay-Delta
Authority and the following colleagues: Steve Schwarzbach, Tom Suchanek,
Collin Eagles-Smith, Toni Maurer, Kevin Brittingham, Michael Hammond,
Michael Hoffman, Dan Murray, Ray Adams, Josh Ackerman, Terry Adelsbach,
David Allen, Tom Augspurger, Wayne Bauer, Alicia Berlin, Sue Cameron,
Melissa Duron, David Evers, Karen Gaines, Brian Heinz, Patricia Heinz,
Michael Koterba, Jerry Longcore, Frank McGilvrey, Peter McGowan, Jason
Miller, Jane Nicolich, Holliday Obrecht, Matthew Perry, Michael Rickard,
Darren Rumbold, Lucas Savoy, and Paul Spitzer. Use of trade, product, or
firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 29
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
EI 1552-8618
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 7
BP 1593
EP 1598
DI 10.1002/etc.530
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 782JL
UT WOS:000292004400013
PM 21425324
ER
PT J
AU Leake, SA
AF Leake, Stanley A.
TI Capture-Rates and Directions of Groundwater Flow Don't Matter!
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Leake, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM saleake@usgs.gov
NR 12
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 4
BP 456
EP 458
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00797.x
PG 3
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 783SN
UT WOS:000292104400002
PM 21306361
ER
PT J
AU Paradis, D
Lefebvre, R
Morin, RH
Gloaguen, E
AF Paradis, Daniel
Lefebvre, Rene
Morin, Roger H.
Gloaguen, Erwan
TI Permeability Profiles in Granular Aquifers Using Flowmeters in
Direct-Push Wells
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROMAGNETIC BOREHOLE FLOWMETER; ESTIMATE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITIES;
PARTIALLY PENETRATING WELLS; TIME-DRAWDOWN DATA; SLUG TESTS; CAPE-COD;
FLOW; MASSACHUSETTS; HETEROGENEITY; SYSTEMS
AB Numerical hydrogeological models should ideally be based on the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity (K), a property rarely defined on the basis of sufficient data due to the lack of efficient characterization methods. Electromagnetic borehole flowmeter measurements during pumping in uncased wells can effectively provide a continuous vertical distribution of K in consolidated rocks. However, relatively few studies have used the flowmeter in screened wells penetrating unconsolidated aquifers, and tests conducted in gravel-packed wells have shown that flowmeter data may yield misleading results. This paper describes the practical application of flowmeter profiles in direct-push wells to measure K and delineate hydrofacies in heterogeneous unconsolidated aquifers having low-to-moderate K (10(-6) to 10(-4) m/s). The effect of direct-push well installation on K measurements in unconsolidated deposits is first assessed based on the previous work indicating that such installations minimize disturbance to the aquifer fabric. The installation and development of long-screen wells are then used in a case study validating K profiles from flowmeter tests at high-resolution intervals (15 cm) with K profiles derived from multilevel slug tests between packers at identical intervals. For 119 intervals tested in five different wells, the difference in log K values obtained from the two methods is consistently below 10%. Finally, a graphical approach to the interpretation of flowmeter profiles is proposed to delineate intervals corresponding to distinct hydrofacies, thus providing a method whereby both the scale and magnitude of K contrasts in heterogeneous unconsolidated aquifers may be represented.
C1 [Paradis, Daniel] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
[Paradis, Daniel; Lefebvre, Rene; Gloaguen, Erwan] Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
[Morin, Roger H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Paradis, D (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
EM Daniel.Paradis@RNCan-NRCan.gc.ca
RI Lefebvre, Rene/D-6783-2016
OI Lefebvre, Rene/0000-0002-7938-9930
FU Geological Survey of Canada; Regie intermunicipale de gestion des
dechets des Chutes-de-la-Chaudiere; NSERC
FX Constructive comments and references provided by Fred Molz helped
improve a draft version of this manuscript. The authors would like to
acknowledge the important technical support provided by Dave Martin and
Barbara Corland, and are grateful to Christine Rivard, Geoff Bohling,
Cynthia Dinwiddie, and Carl Keller for insightful comments that improved
the original manuscript. We also sincerely thank Yves Michaud, Alfonso
Rivera, Donna Kirkwood, Stephane Chalifoux, and Gerard Goyette for their
sustained support. This project was promoted under the Memorandum of
Cooperation (Annex 18) between the USGS and Natural Resources Canada and
was supported by the Geological Survey of Canada, under the Groundwater
Resources Inventory Program, by the Regie intermunicipale de gestion des
dechets des Chutes-de-la-Chaudiere, and by NSERC Discovery Grants held
by R. L. and E. G. This is ESS contribution number 20090447. Any use of
trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the U.S. or Canadian Governments.
NR 50
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 4
BP 534
EP 547
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00761.x
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 783SN
UT WOS:000292104400010
PM 20880040
ER
PT J
AU El-Kadi, AI
Plummer, LN
Aggarwal, P
AF El-Kadi, Aly I.
Plummer, L. Niel
Aggarwal, Pradeep
TI NETPATH-WIN: An Interactive User Version of the Mass-Balance Model,
NETPATH
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Article
ID C-14 GROUNDWATER AGES; AQUIFER; CARBON; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEMS; SANDSTONE;
EVOLUTION; EVALUATE; PARTS; WATER
AB NETPATH-WIN is an interactive user version of NETPATH, an inverse geochemical modeling code used to find mass-balance reaction models that are consistent with the observed chemical and isotopic composition of waters from aquatic systems. NETPATH-WIN was constructed to migrate NETPATH applications into the Microsoft WINDOWS (R) environment. The new version facilitates model utilization by eliminating difficulties in data preparation and results analysis of the DOS version of NETPATH, while preserving all of the capabilities of the original version. Through example applications, the note describes some of the features of NETPATH-WIN as applied to adjustment of radiocarbon data for geochemical reactions in groundwater systems.
C1 [El-Kadi, Aly I.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[El-Kadi, Aly I.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Plummer, L. Niel] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Aggarwal, Pradeep] IAEA, A-1220 Vienna, Austria.
RP El-Kadi, AI (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM elkadi@hawaii.edu
RI aggarwal, pradeep/C-8367-2016;
OI aggarwal, pradeep/0000-0001-5970-1408; Plummer, L.
Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013
NR 32
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 4
BP 593
EP 599
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00779.x
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 783SN
UT WOS:000292104400016
PM 21133899
ER
PT J
AU Brothers, D
Kilb, D
Luttrell, K
Driscoll, N
Kent, G
AF Brothers, Daniel
Kilb, Debi
Luttrell, Karen
Driscoll, Neal
Kent, Graham
TI Loading of the San Andreas fault by flood-induced rupture of faults
beneath the Salton Sea
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; LAKE CAHUILLA; LATE HOLOCENE;
CHRONOLOGY; HISTORY; SYSTEM; REGION; CRUST; ZONE
AB The southern San Andreas fault has not experienced a large earthquake for approximately 300 years, yet the previous five earthquakes occurred at similar to 180-year intervals. Large strike-slip faults are often segmented by lateral stepover zones. Movement on smaller faults within a stepover zone could perturb the main fault segments and potentially trigger a large earthquake. The southern San Andreas fault terminates in an extensional stepover zone beneath the Salton Sea-a lake that has experienced periodic flooding and desiccation since the late Holocene. Here we reconstruct the magnitude and timing of fault activity beneath the Salton Sea over several earthquake cycles. We observe coincident timing between flooding events, stepover fault displacement and ruptures on the San Andreas fault. Using Coulomb stress models, we show that the combined effect of lake loading, stepover fault movement and increased pore pressure could increase stress on the southern San Andreas fault to levels sufficient to induce failure. We conclude that rupture of the stepover faults, caused by periodic flooding of the palaeo-Salton Sea and by tectonic forcing, had the potential to trigger earthquake rupture on the southern San Andreas fault. Extensional stepover zones are highly susceptible to rapid stress loading and thus the Salton Sea may be a nucleation point for large ruptures on the southern San Andreas fault.
C1 [Brothers, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Kilb, Debi; Luttrell, Karen; Driscoll, Neal] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Kent, Graham] Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Brothers, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM dbrothers@usgs.gov
RI Luttrell, Karen/D-6772-2015
FU The California Department of Water Resources; California Department of
Fish and Game; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; National Science
Foundation (Division of Ocean Sciences) and the Southern California
Earthquake Center; USGS NEHRP; NASA Earth and Space Science; National
Science Foundation (Division of Ocean Sciences)
FX The California Department of Water Resources, the California Department
of Fish and Game, and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography funded the
geophysical surveys in the Salton Sea. D.B., N.D. and G.K. were also
supported by the National Science Foundation (Division of Ocean
Sciences) and the Southern California Earthquake Center. Work by D.B.
and D.K. was funded by a USGS NEHRP grant. K.L. was supported by the
NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program and the National Science
Foundation (Division of Ocean Sciences). We thank U. ten Brink, D.
Sandwell, D. Kane, and M. Curan for helpful reviews.
NR 36
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 17
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 7
BP 486
EP 492
DI 10.1038/NGEO1184
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 785PV
UT WOS:000292241900023
ER
PT J
AU Leclaire, S
Merkling, T
Raynaud, C
Giacinti, G
Bessiere, JM
Hatch, SA
Danchin, E
AF Leclaire, Sarah
Merkling, Thomas
Raynaud, Christine
Giacinti, Geraldine
Bessiere, Jean-Marie
Hatch, Scott A.
Danchin, Etienne
TI An individual and a sex odor signature in kittiwakes? Study of the
semiochemical composition of preen secretion and preen down feathers
SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN
LA English
DT Article
DE Kittiwake; Odor; Preen gland; Uropygial secretion; Individual signature
ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; AUKLETS AETHIA-CRISTATELLA;
BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; HUMAN-BODY ODOR; GLAND SECRETIONS; UROPYGIAL
GLAND; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; ALKANOLS CONTRIBUTE;
SEASONAL-VARIATION
AB The importance of olfaction in birds' social behavior has long been denied. Avian chemical signaling has thus been relatively unexplored. The black-legged kittiwake provides a particularly appropriate model for investigating this topic. Kittiwakes preferentially mate with genetically dissimilar individuals, but the cues used to assess genetic characteristics remain unknown. As in other vertebrates, their body odors may carry individual and sexual signatures thus potentially reliably signaling individual genetic makeup. Here, we test whether body odors in preen gland secretion and preen down feathers in kittiwakes may provide a sex and an individual signature. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, we found that male and female odors differ quantitatively, suggesting that scent may be one of the multiple cues used by birds to discriminate between sexes. We further detected an individual signature in the volatile and nonvolatile fractions of preen secretion and preen down feathers. These results suggest that kittiwake body odor may function as a signal associated with mate recognition. It further suggests that preen odor might broadcast the genetic makeup of individuals, and could be used in mate choice to assess the genetic compatibility of potential mates.
C1 [Leclaire, Sarah; Merkling, Thomas; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, ENFA, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol,EDB UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
[Leclaire, Sarah; Merkling, Thomas; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, EDB UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
[Raynaud, Christine; Giacinti, Geraldine] INRA, LCA Lab Chim Agroind, F-31029 Toulouse, France.
[Raynaud, Christine; Giacinti, Geraldine] Univ Toulouse, INPT, LCA, ENSIACET, F-31029 Toulouse, France.
[Bessiere, Jean-Marie] Ecole Natl Super Chim Montpellier, F-34296 Montpellier, France.
[Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Leclaire, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England.
EM sarah.leclaire@free.fr
RI Leclaire, Sarah/D-6519-2011; Danchin, Etienne/A-2299-2009; MERKLING,
Thomas/F-4190-2011
OI Leclaire, Sarah/0000-0002-4579-5850;
FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor
FX We are grateful to V. Bourret, M. Berlincourt, E. Moec, B. Planade, and
C. Bello Marin for their help in the field. We thank Felipe Ramon
Portugal (EDB/ENFA-Toulouse) for his help in the first step of chemical
analysis and Bruno Buatois (CEFE-Montpellier) for his help in the last
step. This work was supported by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile
Victor (IPEV Program 1162 SexCoMonArc). Experiments were carried out in
accordance with US laws and under permits from the US Fish and Wildlife
Service and State of Alaska. Any use of trade names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government.
NR 77
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U1 10
U2 37
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0028-1042
EI 1432-1904
J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN
JI Naturwissenschaften
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 98
IS 7
BP 615
EP 624
DI 10.1007/s00114-011-0809-9
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 782XP
UT WOS:000292046400007
PM 21656004
ER
PT J
AU Mallinson, DJ
Smith, CW
Mahan, S
Culver, SJ
McDowell, K
AF Mallinson, David J.
Smith, Curtis W.
Mahan, Shannon
Culver, Stephen J.
McDowell, Katie
TI Barrier island response to late Holocene climate events, North Carolina,
USA
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Paleo-inlet; Barrier island; Optically stimulated luminescence dating;
Ground penetrating radar; Outer Banks; North Carolina; Medieval Warm
Period; Little Ice Age
ID MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; ICE-AGE; TROPICAL
CYCLONES; ALBEMARLE EMBAYMENT; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY;
UNITED-STATES; COASTAL DUNES; OUTER BANKS
AB The Outer Banks barrier islands of North Carolina, USA, contain a geologic record of inlet activity that extends from ca. 2200 cal yr BP to the present, and can be used as a proxy for storm activity. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating (26 samples) of inlet-fill and flood tide delta deposits, recognized in cores and geophysical data, provides the basis for understanding the chronology of storm impacts and comparison to other paleoclimate proxy data. OSL ages of historical inlet fill compare favorably to historical documentation of inlet activity, providing confidence in the technique. Comparison suggests that the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA) were both characterized by elevated storm conditions as indicated by much greater inlet activity relative to today. Given present understanding of atmospheric circulation patterns and sea-surface temperatures during the MWP and LIA, we suggest that increased inlet activity during the MWP responded to intensified hurricane impacts, while elevated inlet activity during the LIA was in response to increased nor'easter activity. A general decrease in storminess at mid-latitudes in the North Atlantic over the last 300 yr has allowed the system to evolve into a more continuous barrier with few inlets. (C) 2011 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mallinson, David J.; Smith, Curtis W.; Culver, Stephen J.; McDowell, Katie] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA.
[Mahan, Shannon] USGS Luminescence Dating Lab, Denver Fed Facil, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Mallinson, DJ (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA.
EM mallinsond@ecu.edu
OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774
FU USGS [02ERAG0044]; University of North Carolina General Administration
FX We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Stanley Riggs, Dorothea
Ames, Jim Watson and Ron Crowson, and numerous graduate students at East
Carolina University. This manuscript benefited from the comments of two
anonymous reviewers, and Associate Editor ZhongPing Lai. This project
was funded in part by the USGS Cooperative Agreement award02ERAG0044,
and a University of North Carolina General Administration Research
Competitiveness Award.
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U1 3
U2 27
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 76
IS 1
BP 46
EP 57
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.05.001
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 784RK
UT WOS:000292175700005
ER
PT J
AU Pierce, KL
Muhs, DR
Fosberg, MA
Mahan, SA
Rosenbaum, JG
Licciardi, JM
Pavich, MJ
AF Pierce, Kenneth L.
Muhs, Daniel R.
Fosberg, Maynard A.
Mahan, Shannon A.
Rosenbaum, Joseph G.
Licciardi, Joseph M.
Pavich, Milan J.
TI A loess-paleosol record of climate and glacial history over the past two
glacial-interglacial cycles (similar to 150 ka), southern Jackson Hole,
Wyoming
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Loess; Paleosols; Bull Lake; MIS-3; MIS-4; MIS-6; Thermoluminescence;
Meteoric Be-10; Cosmogenic Be-10; Jackson Hole
ID LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; POST-CRETACEOUS HISTORY;
YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY; WESTERN
UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL ALASKA; CHINESE LOESS; PALEOCLIMATIC
SIGNIFICANCE; WISCONSIN GLACIATION; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE
AB Loess accumulated on a Bull Lake outwash terrace of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6) age in southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming. The 9 m section displays eight intervals of loess deposition (Loess 1 to Loess 8, oldest), each followed by soil development. Our age-depth model is constrained by thermoluminescence, meteoric Be-10 accumulation in soils, and cosmogenic Be-10 surface exposure ages. We use particle size, geochemical, mineral-magnetic, and clay mineralogical data to interpret loess sources and pedogenesis. Deposition of MIS 6 loess was followed by a tripartite soil/thin loess complex (Soils 8,7, and 6) apparently reflecting the large climatic oscillations of MIS 5. Soil 8 (MIS 5e) shows the strongest development. Loess 5 accumulated during a glacial interval (similar to 76-69 ka; MIS 4) followed by soil development under conditions wetter and probably colder than present. Deposition of thick Loess 3 (similar to 43-51 ka, MIS 3) was followed by soil development comparable with that observed in Soil 1. Loess 1 (MIS 2) accumulated during the Pinedale glaciation and was followed by development of Soil 1 under a semiarid climate. This record of alternating loess deposition and soil development is compatible with the history of Yellowstone vegetation and the glacial flour record from the Sierra Nevada. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.
C1 [Pierce, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Muhs, Daniel R.; Mahan, Shannon A.; Rosenbaum, Joseph G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Fosberg, Maynard A.] Univ Idaho, Soil & Land Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Licciardi, Joseph M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Pavich, Milan J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 955, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Pierce, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2327 Univ Way,Box 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
EM kpierce@usgs.gov
OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX This study was supported by the Earth Surface Dynamics Program of the
U.S. Geological Survey and is a contribution to the "Eolian History of
North America" project (http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/info/eolian/). Our
sincere thanks go to the U.S. Forest Service for permission to sample
the Porcupine Creek section. We also thank Paula Maat (then of the U.S.
Geological Survey, Denver) for initial TL studies of the section, E.A.
Bettis III (University of Iowa) for the particle size data, Gary Skipp
(U.S. Geological Survey, Denver) for the clay mineralogy data, Kent
Houston for two calcic soil descriptions, and Jack McGeehin (U.S.
Geological Survey, Reston) for the radiocarbon analysis. Marith Reheis,
Margaret Berry, Suzanna Carrithers, and Linda Pierce provided helpful
reviews, Tara Preston helped with tables, and Mary Berger drafted most
of the illustrations. John Good (USGS, volunteer) contributed greatly to
Jackson Hole field studies.
NR 102
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PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
EI 1096-0287
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 76
IS 1
BP 119
EP 141
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.03.006
PG 23
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 784RK
UT WOS:000292175700011
ER
PT J
AU Castro, J
Allen, CD
Molina-Morales, M
Maranon-Jimenez, S
Sanchez-Miranda, A
Zamora, R
AF Castro, Jorge
Allen, Craig D.
Molina-Morales, Mercedes
Maranon-Jimenez, Sara
Sanchez-Miranda, Angela
Zamora, Regino
TI Salvage Logging Versus the Use of Burnt Wood as a Nurse Object to
Promote Post-Fire Tree Seedling Establishment
SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE facilitation; nurse structures; Pinus pinaster regeneration; post-fire
restoration; salvage harvesting
ID PINUS-HALEPENSIS MILL.; MEDITERRANEAN MOUNTAINS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES;
PINASTER AIT.; NW SPAIN; PLANTS; REGENERATION; MANAGEMENT; SHRUBS;
RECRUITMENT
AB Intense debate surrounds the effects of post-fire salvage logging (SL) versus nonintervention policies on forest regeneration, but scant support is available from experimental studies. We analyze the effect of three post-fire management treatments on the recruitment of a serotinous pine (Pinus pinaster) at a Mediterranean mountain. Treatments were applied 7 months after the fire and differ in the degree of intervention, ranging from "no intervention" (NI, all trees left standing) to "partial cut plus lopping" (PCL, felling most of the trees, cutting the main branches, and leaving all the biomass in situ without mastication), and "SL" (felling and piling the logs, and masticating the woody debris). Seedling survival after 3 years was the highest in PCL (47.3% versus 38.7% in SL). This was associated with the amelioration of microclimatic conditions under the scattered branches, which reduced radiation and soil temperature while increasing soil moisture. Seedling density after 2 years was approximately 5.5 times higher in PCL than in SL, as in SL a large fraction of seedlings was lost as a consequence of mechanized mastication. The NI treatment showed the lowest seedling survival (17.3%). Nevertheless, seedling density was similar to SL. Seedling growth scarcely differed among treatments. Our results show that branches left onsite acted as nurse objects that improved key microclimatic conditions for seedling recruitment. This creates a facilitative interaction ideal for seedling establishment in moisture-deficient ecosystems, as it provides the benefit of a shading overstory but without underground competition.
C1 [Castro, Jorge; Maranon-Jimenez, Sara; Sanchez-Miranda, Angela; Zamora, Regino] Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Grp Ecol Terr, Dept Ecol, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
[Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
[Molina-Morales, Mercedes] Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Anim, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
RP Castro, J (reprint author), Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Grp Ecol Terr, Dept Ecol, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
EM jorge@ugr.es
RI Castro, Jorge/M-1509-2014; Maranon, Sara/A-7926-2013
OI Castro, Jorge/0000-0002-6362-2240;
FU Organismo Autonomo de Parques Nacionales (Spain) [10/2005]
FX We thank the Empresa de Gestion Medio Ambiental S.A. (EGMASA), the
Direction of the Natural and National Parks of Sierra Nevada, and the
Consejeria de Medio Ambiente of Granada (Junta de Andalucia) for
coordinating and implementing the field treatments, and for all the
technical, material, and personal support they have provided. We thank
I. Garcia-Quiros, R. Ruiz-Puche, E. P. Sanchez-Canete, and S. Olsson for
field assistance. R. Villar kindly offered the use of the ceptometer.
This study was supported by the project 10/2005 from the Organismo
Autonomo de Parques Nacionales (Spain).
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U1 6
U2 44
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1061-2971
J9 RESTOR ECOL
JI Restor. Ecol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 4
BP 537
EP 544
DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00619.x
PG 8
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 785CU
UT WOS:000292205800014
ER
PT J
AU Trested, DG
Chan, MD
Bridges, WC
Isely, JJ
AF Trested, Drew G.
Chan, Matthew D.
Bridges, William C.
Isely, J. Jeffery
TI Seasonal Movement and Mesohabitat Usage of Adult and Juvenile Lake
Sturgeon in the Grasse River, New York
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; HABITAT USE; NORTHERN ONTARIO; OTTAWA RIVER;
ST-LAWRENCE; SYSTEM; POPULATION; PATTERNS; MICHIGAN; FISH
AB Long-term restoration efforts for lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens populations will benefit from better understanding of this species' movements and habitat use in riverine systems. Radio transmitters were implanted in both juvenile and adult lake sturgeon in the Grasse River, New York, and individuals were relocated over a 2-year period. Adult lake sturgeon demonstrated greater minimum daily distance moved, absolute distance moved, and mean home range size than juvenile lake sturgeon during the spring. During the course of the study, both adult and juvenile lake sturgeon exhibited movements upstream and downstream through a breached low-head weir, and individuals did not necessarily remain resident on an annual basis in the Grasse River. Mesohabitat and substrate use patterns were determined based on comparisons of frequency distributions for relocated lake sturgeon and quantified mesohabitat and substrate over a 15-km river reach. Lake sturgeon used pool mesohabitat and limited their use of run mesohabitat under both low- and mid-flow conditions. During most of the year, adult and juvenile lake sturgeon were detected over silt substrate. This study illustrates behavioral differences and similarities between the movements and habitat use of adult and juvenile lake sturgeon in a riverine system.
C1 [Trested, Drew G.] Normandeau Associates Inc, Bedford, NH 03110 USA.
[Chan, Matthew D.] Parsons Brinckerhoff, Boston, MA 02116 USA.
[Bridges, William C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Isely, J. Jeffery] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RP Trested, DG (reprint author), Normandeau Associates Inc, 25 Nashua Rd, Bedford, NH 03110 USA.
EM dtrested@normandeau.com
FU Town of Massena Electric Department
FX Funding for this study was provided by the Town of Massena Electric
Department. This project would not have been possible without the field
assistance of Normandeau Associates biologists: Chris Avalos, Corey
Francis, Brian Hanson, Mike Jeanneau, Don Mason, Sean Maxwell, Ethan
Sobo, Rick Simmons, Sean Stimmell, and Jeff Wollis. Assistance with
ArcGIS was provided by Ben Galuardi at the University of New Hampshire
and Shelly Sherman at Normandeau Associates. Helpful reviews were
provided by Arnie Eversole, Phil Kirk, and two anonymous reviewers.
Cooperating agencies for the South Carolina Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit are the U.S. Geological Survey, Clemson
University, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and the
Wildlife Management Institute.
NR 45
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U1 5
U2 22
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 4
BP 1006
EP 1014
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.603981
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 836VH
UT WOS:000296142700013
ER
PT J
AU Dembkowski, DJ
Miranda, LE
AF Dembkowski, Daniel J.
Miranda, L. E.
TI Comparison of Fish Assemblages in Two Disjoined Segments of an Oxbow
Lake in Relation to Connectivity
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FLOODPLAIN LAKES; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY;
ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITAT; PATTERNS; FRAGMENTATION;
DIVERSITY; PISCIVORY
AB Disconnection between adjacent habitat patches is one of the most notable factors contributing to the decreased biotic integrity of global ecosystems. Connectivity is especially threatened in river-floodplain ecosystems in which channel modifications have disrupted the lateral links between the main river channel and floodplain lakes. In this study, we examined the interaction between the interconnectedness of floodplain lakes and main river channels and fish assemblage descriptors. Fish assemblages in two segments of an oxbow lake, one connected to and the other isolated from the Yazoo River, Mississippi, were estimated with daytime boat electrofishing during 2007-2010. The frequency of connection for the connected segment ranged from zero to seven individual events per year (mean, similar to 2). The timing of most connection events reflected regional precipitation patterns. Greater species richness, diversity, and evenness were observed in the connected segment. Additionally, the connected segment had a greater abundance of piscivores and periodic life history strategists. All fishes collected solely in the connected segment were typically riverine in nature, whereas fishes collected only in the disconnected segment were more lacustrine adapted. These results suggest that periodic connection and the associated habitat heterogeneity that it provides are important for maintaining fish species richness and diversity in large-river floodplain lakes. We suggest that maintenance or restoration of connection be an integral part of fluvial ecosystem management plans.
C1 [Dembkowski, Daniel J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Dembkowski, DJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM daniel.dembkowski@sdstate.edu
FU Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Mississippi
State University; U.S. Geological Survey
FX This research was funded by the Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, Mississippi State University, and the U.S.
Geological Survey. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or
software is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an
endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. We
thank T. Alfermann, J. Dagel, R. Krogman, and S. Wigen for assistance
with field work and T. Stubbs for helpful reviews of earlier drafts of
the manuscript.
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PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 4
BP 1060
EP 1069
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.607044
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 836VH
UT WOS:000296142700018
ER
PT J
AU Allen, MS
Rogers, MW
Catalano, MJ
Gwinn, DG
Walsh, SJ
AF Allen, Micheal S.
Rogers, Mark W.
Catalano, Matthew J.
Gwinn, Daniel G.
Walsh, Stephen J.
TI Evaluating the Potential for Stock Size to Limit Recruitment in
Largemouth Bass
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MALE SMALLMOUTH BASS; 1ST-YEAR GROWTH; FLORIDA LAKES; RESERVOIR;
RELEASE; PREY; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATION; VEGETATION; BLUEGILLS
AB Compensatory changes in juvenile survival allow fish stocks to maintain relatively constant recruitment across a wide range of stock sizes (and levels of fishing), but few studies have experimentally explored recruitment compensation in fish populations. We evaluated the potential for recruitment compensation in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides by stocking six 0.4-ha hatchery ponds with adult densities ranging from 6 to 40 fish over 2 years. Ponds were drained in October each year, and the age-0 fish densities were used as a measure of recruitment. We found no relationship between stock abundance and recruitment; ponds with low adult densities produced nearly as many recruits as the higher-density ponds in some cases. Both prey abundance and the growth of age-0 largemouth bass declined with age-0 fish density. Recruit abundance was highly variable both within and among the adult density groups, and thus we were unable to identify a clear stock-recruit relationship for largemouth bass. Our results indicate that reducing the number of effective spawners via angling practices would not reduce recruitment over a relatively large range in stock size.
C1 [Allen, Micheal S.; Rogers, Mark W.; Catalano, Matthew J.; Gwinn, Daniel G.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
[Walsh, Stephen J.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
RP Allen, MS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
EM msal@ufl.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center
FX We thank K. Rice, S. Ruessler, and the U.S. Geological Survey Southeast
Ecological Science Center for use of hatchery ponds and substantial
cooperation and support throughout the project. B. Baker and B. Matthias
helped with data processing. Advice on application rates of fluridone
was provided by M. Netherland. Conversations with D. Philipp, W. Porak,
C. Suski, and C. Walters helped us when conceptualizing this problem.
Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
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U2 18
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 4
BP 1093
EP 1100
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.599259
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 836VH
UT WOS:000296142700021
ER
PT J
AU Baumann, JR
Kwak, TJ
AF Baumann, Jessica R.
Kwak, Thomas J.
TI Trophic Relations of Introduced Flathead Catfish in an Atlantic River
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; 2 MISSOURI STREAMS; FISH DAILY RATION; CAPE FEAR
SHINER; LARGEMOUTH BASS; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT USE;
PYLODICTIS-OLIVARIS; STOMACH CONTENTS; CHANNEL CATFISH
AB The flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris is a large piscivore that is native to the Mississippi and Rio Grande river drainages but that has been widely introduced across the United States. River ecologists and fisheries managers are concerned about introduced flathead catfish populations because of the negative impacts on native fish communities or imperiled species associated with direct predation and indirect competition from this apex predator. We studied the trophic relations of introduced flathead catfish in an Atlantic river to further understand the effects on native fish communities. Crayfish (Astacidea) occurred most frequently in the flathead catfish diet, while sunfish Lepomis spp. comprised the greatest percentage by weight. Neither of two sympatric imperiled fish species (the federally endangered Cape Fear shiner Notropis mekistocholas and the Carolina redhorse Moxostoma sp., a federal species of concern) was found in any diet sample. An ontogenetic shift in diet was evident when flathead catfish reached about 300 mm, and length significantly explained the variation in the percent composition by weight of sunfish and darters Etheostoma and Percina spp. Flathead catfish showed positive prey selectivity for taxa that occupied similar benthic microhabitat, highlighting the importance of opportunistic feeding and prey encounter rates. Flathead catfish displayed a highly variable diel feeding chronology during July, when they had a mean stomach fullness of 0.32%, but then showed a single midday feeding peak during August (mean fullness = 0.52%). The gastric evacuation rate increased between July (0.40/h) and August (0.59/h), as did daily ration, which more than doubled between the 2 months (3.06% versus 7.37%). Our findings increase the understanding of introduced flathead catfish trophic relations and the degree of vulnerability among prey taxa, which resource managers may consider in fisheries management and conservation of native fish populations and imperiled species.
C1 [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM tkwak@ncsu.edu
FU North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission [F-68]
FX We thank Jim Rice and Cavell Brownie for their suggestions and logistic
help during this research. Michael Fisk, Ed Malindzak, Patrick Cooney,
Rupert Medford, Ryan Spidel, and Jenny Winters assisted with field
collections. Keith Ashley, Bob Curry, Ryan Heise, Kent Nelson, Bill
Pine, Tom Rachels, Wayne Starnes, Scott Van Horn, and Christian Waters
facilitated sampling design and grant administration. Wayne Starnes
confirmed identification of some prey items, and Chris Butler offered
suggestions on cumulative prey curves. Any use of a trade, product, or
firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was funded by a grant
from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission through Federal
Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Funds (Project F-68).
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U1 3
U2 18
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 4
BP 1120
EP 1134
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.607046
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 836VH
UT WOS:000296142700023
ER
PT J
AU MacDonald, DD
Moore, DRJ
Ingersoll, CG
Smorong, DE
Carr, RS
Gouguet, R
Charters, D
Wilson, D
Harris, T
Rauscher, J
Roddy, S
Meyer, J
AF MacDonald, Donald D.
Moore, Dwayne R. J.
Ingersoll, Christopher G.
Smorong, Dawn E.
Carr, R. Scott
Gouguet, Ron
Charters, David
Wilson, Duane
Harris, Tom
Rauscher, Jon
Roddy, Susan
Meyer, John
TI Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana:
Part 1. Overview and Problem Formulation
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES; TOXICITY
ASSESSMENT; CONTAMINANTS; SEDIMENTS; FLORIDA; MARINE; MINK; LAKE
AB A remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) of the Calcasieu Estuary cooperative site was initiated in 1998. This site, which is located in the southwestern portion of Louisiana in the vicinity of Lake Charles, includes the portion of the estuary from the saltwater barrier on the Calcasieu River to Moss Lake. As part of the RI/FS, a baseline ecological risk assessment (BERA) was conducted to assess the risks to aquatic organisms and aquatic-dependent wildlife exposed to environmental contaminants. The purpose of the BERA was to determine if adverse effects on ecological receptors are occurring in the estuary; to evaluate the nature, severity, and areal extent of any such effects; and to identify the substances that are causing or substantially contributing to effects on ecological receptors. This article describes the environmental setting and site history, identifies the chemicals of potential concern, presents the exposure scenarios and conceptual model for the site, and summarizes the assessment and measurement endpoints that were used in the investigation. Two additional articles in this series describe the results of an evaluation of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines as well as an assessment of risks to benthic invertebrates associated with exposure to contaminated sediment.
C1 [MacDonald, Donald D.; Smorong, Dawn E.] MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada.
[Moore, Dwayne R. J.] Intrinsik Environm Sci Inc, New Gloucester, ME 04260 USA.
[Ingersoll, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
[Carr, R. Scott] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
[Gouguet, Ron] Windward Environm LLC, Seattle, WA 98119 USA.
[Charters, David] US EPA, Edison, NJ 08837 USA.
[Wilson, Duane; Harris, Tom] Louisiana Dept Environm Qual, Baton Rouge, LA 70884 USA.
[Rauscher, Jon; Roddy, Susan; Meyer, John] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA.
RP MacDonald, DD (reprint author), MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada.
EM mesl@shaw.ca
FU USEPA
FX The authors acknowledge a number of individuals who provided excellent
technical reviews of the document, including Paul Conzelmann (United
States Parks Service), John Kern (National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration), Denise Sanger (South Carolina Department of Natural
Resources), Heather Findley, John DeMond (Louisiana Department of
Environmental Quality), Barry Forsythe, and Buddy Goatcher (United
States Fish and Wildlife Service). Funding for the preparation of this
document was provided through a contract to CDM Federal Programs
Corporation from the USEPA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
United States Government.
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PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 61
IS 1
BP 1
EP 13
DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9636-9
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 777FJ
UT WOS:000291601000001
PM 21442250
ER
PT J
AU MacDonald, DD
Ingersoll, CG
Smorong, DE
Sinclair, JA
Lindskoog, R
Wang, N
Severn, C
Gouguet, R
Meyer, J
Field, J
AF MacDonald, Donald D.
Ingersoll, Christopher G.
Smorong, Dawn E.
Sinclair, Jesse A.
Lindskoog, Rebekka
Wang, Ning
Severn, Corrine
Gouguet, Ron
Meyer, John
Field, Jay
TI Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana:
Part 2. An Evaluation of the Predictive Ability of Effects-Based
Sediment-Quality Guidelines
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; TOXICITY; MARINE;
CHEMISTRY; CRITERIA; FLORIDA; METALS
AB Three sets of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines (SQGs) were evaluated to support the selection of sediment-quality benchmarks for assessing risks to benthic invertebrates in the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana. These SQGs included probable effect concentrations (PECs), effects range median values (ERMs), and logistic regression model (LRMs)-based T(50) values. The results of this investigation indicate that all three sets of SQGs tend to underestimate sediment toxicity in the Calcasieu Estuary (i.e., relative to the national data sets), as evaluated using the results of 10-day toxicity tests with the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, or Ampelisca abdita, and 28-day whole-sediment toxicity tests with the H. azteca. These results emphasize the importance of deriving site-specific toxicity thresholds for assessing risks to benthic invertebrates.
C1 [MacDonald, Donald D.; Smorong, Dawn E.; Sinclair, Jesse A.] MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada.
[Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Wang, Ning] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
[Lindskoog, Rebekka] Summit Environm Consultants Ltd, Vernon, BC V1T 9P9, Canada.
[Severn, Corrine] Premier Environm Serv Inc, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA.
[Gouguet, Ron] Windward Environm LLC, Seattle, WA 98119 USA.
[Meyer, John] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA.
[Field, Jay] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP MacDonald, DD (reprint author), MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, 24-4800 Isl Highway N, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada.
EM mesl@shaw.ca
FU USEPA (Region VI); CDM Federal Programs Corporation (Dallas, TX)
FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful review
comments on an earlier draft of this article. The authors also thank a
number of individuals who supported the collection and analysis of
environmental samples in the Calcasieu Estuary, including Mitch
Goldberg, Scott Stone, Jerome Jackson (CDM Federal Programs Corp.), John
Martin, Bill Marsh, Jason Kase, Gary Tourtellotte, Isaac Lynch, Mike
Letson, Chris McCarthy, Melanie Wiggins, Angelica Malta, John Burgess,
Martha Klein, Winthrop Allen, Mitch Elcan, Rich Reeves, Kevin Sanders,
Herb Kelly, Mark Stinnett, Bill Stanton (CH2 M HILL), Sammie Faulk
(Heberts Marina), Frank Kelly, Mark Wood (PPG Industries), K. M.
Bagawandoss, Gina Smith, Kristie Olexy, Teresa Marino, Shannon Gautreau
(American Analytical and Technical Services, Inc.), Robert Taylor, Terry
Wade (Texas A&M University), Bill Luksemburg (ALTA Laboratories), Brad
Craig (ACZ Laboratories), Anne Shortelle, Hugh Thomas (Harding ESE,
Inc.), Scott Carr, James Biedenbach, Tom May, Nile Kemble, Doug
Hardesty, Tom Johnson, and Bill Brumbaugh (United States Geological
Survey). Compilation, translation, validation, and auditing of
laboratory data were conducted by Dana Michel (Integrate, Inc.), Greg
George (CH2 M HILL), Cherie Zakowski, and Amanda Burton (CDM Federal
Program Corp.). The funding for this project was provided by USEPA
(Region VI) through a contract with CDM Federal Programs Corporation
(Dallas, TX). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United
States Government.
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PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 61
IS 1
BP 14
EP 28
DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9637-8
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 777FJ
UT WOS:000291601000002
PM 21442249
ER
PT J
AU MacDonald, DD
Ingersoll, CG
Kemble, NE
Smorong, DE
Sinclair, JA
Lindskoog, R
Gaston, G
Sanger, D
Carr, RS
Biedenbach, J
Gouguet, R
Kern, J
Shortelle, A
Field, LJ
Meyer, J
AF MacDonald, Donald D.
Ingersoll, Christopher G.
Kemble, Nile E.
Smorong, Dawn E.
Sinclair, Jesse A.
Lindskoog, Rebekka
Gaston, Gary
Sanger, Denise
Carr, R. Scott
Biedenbach, James
Gouguet, Ron
Kern, John
Shortelle, Ann
Field, L. Jay
Meyer, John
TI Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana:
Part 3. An Evaluation of the Risks to Benthic Invertebrates Associated
With Exposure to Contaminated Sediments
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPHIC STRUCTURE; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES; QUALITY GUIDELINES;
CRITERIA
AB The sediments in the Calcasieu Estuary are contaminated with a wide variety of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs), including heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, chlorinated benzenes, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. The sources of these COPCs include both point and non-point source discharges. As part of a baseline ecological risk assessment, the risks to benthic invertebrates posed by exposure to sediment-associated COPCs were assessed using five lines of evidence, including whole-sediment chemistry, pore-water chemistry, whole-sediment toxicity, pore-water toxicity, and benthic invertebrate community structure. The results of this assessment indicated that exposure to whole sediments and/or pore water from the Calcasieu Estuary generally posed low risks to benthic invertebrate communities (i.e., risks were classified as low for 68% of the sampling locations investigated). However, incremental risks to benthic invertebrates (i.e., compared with those associated with exposure to conditions in reference areas) were indicated for 32% of the sampling locations within the estuary. Of the three areas of concern (AOCs) investigated, the risks to benthic invertebrates were highest in the Bayou d'Inde AOC; risks were generally lower in the Upper Calcasieu River AOC and Middle Calcasieu River AOC. The areas showing the highest risks to sediment-dwelling organisms were generally located in the vicinity of point source discharges of COPCs. These results provided risk managers with the information required to make decisions regarding the need for remedial actions at the site.
C1 [MacDonald, Donald D.; Smorong, Dawn E.; Sinclair, Jesse A.] MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada.
[Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kemble, Nile E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
[Lindskoog, Rebekka] Summit Environm Consultants Ltd, Vernon, BC V1T 9P9, Canada.
[Sanger, Denise] S Carolina Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA.
[Carr, R. Scott; Biedenbach, James] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
[Gouguet, Ron] Windward Environm LLC, Seattle, WA 98119 USA.
[Kern, John] NOAA, St Petersburg, FL 33702 USA.
[Shortelle, Ann] Harding ESE Inc, Gainesville, FL 32602 USA.
[Field, L. Jay] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Meyer, John] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA.
RP MacDonald, DD (reprint author), MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, 24-4800 Isl Highway N, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada.
EM mesl@shaw.ca
FU USEPA (Region VI); CDM Federal Programs Corporation (Dallas, TX)
FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful review
comments on an earlier draft of this article. The authors also thank a
number of individuals who supported the collection and analysis of
environmental samples in the Calcasieu Estuary, including Mitch
Goldberg, Scott Stone, Jerome Jackson (CDM Federal Programs
Corporation), John Martin, Bill Marsh, Jason Kase, Gary Tourtellotte,
Isaac Lynch, Mike Letson, Chris McCarthy, Melanie Wiggins, Angelica
Malta, John Burgess, Martha Klein, Winthrop Allen, Mitch Elcan, Rich
Reeves, Kevin Sanders, Herb Kelly, Mark Stinnett, Bill Stanton (CH2 M
HILL), Capt. Sammie Faulk (Heberts Marina), Frank Kelly, Mark Wood (PPG
Industries), K. M. Bagawandoss, Gina Smith, Kristie Olexy, Teresa
Marino, Shannon Gautreau (American Analytical and Technical Services,
Inc.), Robert Taylor, Terry Wade (Texas A&M University), Bill Luksemburg
(ALTA Laboratories), Brad Craig (ACZ Laboratories), Anne Shortelle, Hugh
Thomas (Harding ESE, Inc.), James Biedenbach, Tom May, Nile Kemble, Doug
Hardesty, Tom Johnson, and Bill Brumbaugh (USGS). Compilation,
translation, validation, and auditing of laboratory data were conducted
by Dana Michel (Integrate, Inc.), Greg George (CH2 M HILL), Cherie
Zakowski, and Amanda Burton (CDM Federal Program Corporation). Funding
for this project was provided by the USEPA (Region VI), through a
contract with CDM Federal Programs Corporation (Dallas, TX). Any use of
trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the United States Government.
NR 46
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PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 61
IS 1
BP 29
EP 58
DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9638-7
PG 30
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 777FJ
UT WOS:000291601000003
PM 21442248
ER
PT J
AU Pillatzki, AE
Neiger, RD
Chipps, SR
Higgins, KF
Thiex, N
Afton, AD
AF Pillatzki, Angela E.
Neiger, Regg D.
Chipps, Steven R.
Higgins, Kenneth F.
Thiex, Nancy
Afton, Alan D.
TI Hepatic Element Concentrations of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) During
Spring Migration in the Upper Midwest
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MALLARD DUCKS; GREATER SCAUP; HEAVY-METALS; DIVING
DUCKS; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; NUTRIENT RESERVES;
SELENIUM TOXICITY; METHYL MERCURY
AB High concentrations of some hepatic elements might be contributing to the decline of the continental lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) population. We evaluated hepatic element concentrations of male and female lesser scaup collected from the upper Midwest (Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota) during the 2003 and 2004 spring migrations. We measured concentrations of 24 elements in livers of 117 lesser scaup. We found that only selenium concentrations were at levels (> 3.0 mu g/g wet weight [ww)]) proposed to adversely affect reproduction. Approximately 49% of females (n = 61) had individual hepatic concentrations > 3.0 mu g/g ww selenium (Se). Our observed hepatic concentration of Se was similar to that reported in lesser scaup collected from the mid-continental United States but less than Se concentrations reported from the Great Lakes region. We found that the liver cadmium (Cd) concentration for males was significantly higher than that for females. Gender differences in hepatic Cd concentrations have not been previously reported for lesser scaup, but Cd is known to have negative impacts on male reproduction. Our results indicate that lesser scaup migrating through the upper Midwest in spring have elevated Se levels and that males carry a significantly greater Cd burden than females. Moreover, elemental concentrations might be high enough to affect reproduction in both male and female lesser scaup, but controlled laboratory studies are needed to adequately assess the effects of Se and Cd on lesser scaup reproduction.
C1 [Pillatzki, Angela E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Neiger, Regg D.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Anim Dis Res & Diagnost Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Chipps, Steven R.; Higgins, Kenneth F.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, USGS S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Thiex, Nancy] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Olson Biochem Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, USGS Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Pillatzki, AE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Coll Vet Med, 2764 Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM apillatz@iastate.edu
FU Wildlife Restoration Program [W-75-R-75110]; US Geological Survey; South
Dakota State University; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish Parks; US
Fish and Wildlife Services; Wildlife Management Institute
FX The authors are grateful to S. Vaa, J. Ringelman, M. Anteau, and G.
Zenner and their associates for their assistance with duck collections
and transport. Our project was possible through the South Dakota and
Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units in cooperation
with the US Geological Survey, the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish
and Parks, South Dakota State University, and the US Fish and Wildlife
Service. Funding for this research was provided through the Wildlife
Restoration Program administered by the South Dakota Department of Game,
Fish and Parks (Federal aid project W-75-R-75110). The South Dakota
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the
US Geological Survey, South Dakota State University, South Dakota
Department of Game, Fish & Parks, US Fish and Wildlife Services, and the
Wildlife Management Institute.
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PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
EI 1432-0703
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 61
IS 1
BP 144
EP 150
DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9587-1
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 777FJ
UT WOS:000291601000013
PM 20803199
ER
PT J
AU Darby, BJ
Neher, DA
Housman, DC
Belnap, J
AF Darby, Brian J.
Neher, Deborah A.
Housman, David C.
Belnap, Jayne
TI Few apparent short-term effects of elevated soil temperature and
increased frequency of summer precipitation on the abundance and
taxonomic diversity of desert soil micro- and meso-fauna
SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Colorado plateau; Desert; Biological soil crust; Fauna; Food webs;
Nematodes; Protozoa; Microarthropods
ID COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; NEMATODE COMMUNITY; DRY
SOIL; CRUSTS; ECOSYSTEM; MICROARTHROPODS; GRASSLAND; MOISTURE; PRAIRIE
AB Frequent hydration and drying of soils in arid systems can accelerate desert carbon and nitrogen mobilization due to respiration, microbial death, and release of intracellular solutes. Because desert microinvertebrates can mediate nutrient cycling, and the autotrophic components of crusts are known to be sensitive to rapid desiccation due to elevated temperatures after wetting events, we studied whether altered soil temperature and frequency of summer precipitation can also affect the composition of food web consumer functional groups. We conducted a two-year field study with experimentally-elevated temperature and frequency of summer precipitation in the Colorado Plateau desert, measuring the change in abundance of nematodes, protozoans, and microarthropods. We hypothesized that microfauna would be more adversely affected by the combination of elevated temperature and frequency of summer precipitation than either effect alone, as found previously for phototrophic crust biota. Microfauna experienced normal seasonal fluctuations in abundance, but the effect of elevated temperature and frequency of summer precipitation was statistically non-significant for most microfaunal groups, except amoebae. The seasonal increase in abundance of amoebae was reduced with combined elevated temperature and increased frequency of summer precipitation compared to either treatment alone, but comparable with control (untreated) plots. Based on our findings, we suggest that desert soil microfauna are relatively more tolerant to increases in ambient temperature and frequency of summer precipitation than the autotrophic components of biological soil crust at the surface. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Darby, Brian J.; Neher, Deborah A.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
[Housman, David C.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
RP Darby, BJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
EM bdarby@ksu.edu
FU Department of Energy [DE-A102-02ER63381]
FX This work was funded by an award from the Department of Energy, Program
for Ecosystem Research (DE-A102-02ER63381) and we greatly appreciate the
comments and suggestions from anonymous reviewers. We thank Thomas R.
Weicht, Scott Lewins, Nick LaValley and Sarah Sterling for technical
assistance in the lab enumerating protozoa, and especially Tonya Troxler
and the field crew at the USGS - Canyonlands Field Station for making
the field experiment possible. Mention of commercial products does not
imply endorsement by the USGS.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0038-0717
J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM
JI Soil Biol. Biochem.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 43
IS 7
BP 1474
EP 1481
DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.020
PG 8
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 776YI
UT WOS:000291576800011
ER
PT J
AU Kreiling, RM
Richardson, WB
Cavanaugh, JC
Bartsch, LA
AF Kreiling, Rebecca M.
Richardson, William B.
Cavanaugh, Jennifer C.
Bartsch, Lynn A.
TI Summer nitrate uptake and denitrification in an upper Mississippi River
backwater lake: the role of rooted aquatic vegetation
SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Assimilation; Denitrification; Mississippi River; Nitrate uptake;
Vegetated backwater
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; FRESH-WATER; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES;
EUTROPHIC RESERVOIR; NITROGEN-RETENTION; OXYGEN-METABOLISM;
NITRIFICATION; BASIN; ECOSYSTEMS
AB In-stream nitrogen processing in the Mississippi River has been suggested as one mechanism to reduce coastal eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic macrophytes in river channels and flood plain lakes have the potential to temporarily remove large quantities of nitrogen through assimilation both by themselves and by the attached epiphyton. In addition, rooted macrophytes act as oxygen pumps, creating aerobic microsites around their roots where coupled nitrification-denitrification can occur. We used in situ (15)N-NO(3) (-) tracer mesocosm experiments to measure nitrate assimilation rates for macrophytes, epiphyton, and microbial fauna in the sediment in Third Lake, a backwater lake of the upper Mississippi River during June and July 2005. We measured assimilation over a range of nitrate concentrations and estimated a nitrate mass balance for Third Lake. Macrophytes assimilated the most nitrate (29.5 mg N m(-2) d(-1)) followed by sediment microbes (14.4 mg N m(-2) d(-1)) and epiphytes (5.7 mg N m(-2) d(-1))(.) Assimilation accounted for 6.8% in June and 18.6% in July of total nitrate loss in the control chambers. However, denitrification (292.4 mg N m(-2) d(-1)) is estimated to account for the majority (82%) of the nitrate loss. Assimilation and denitrification rates generally increased with increasing nitrate concentration but denitrification rates plateaued at about 5 mg N L(-1). This suggests that backwaters have the potential to remove a relatively high amount of nitrate but will likely become saturated if the load becomes too large.
C1 [Kreiling, Rebecca M.; Richardson, William B.; Bartsch, Lynn A.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
[Cavanaugh, Jennifer C.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, St Peter, MN 56082 USA.
RP Richardson, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
EM wrichardson@usgs.gov
OI Kreiling, Rebecca/0000-0002-9295-4156
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center,
Vicksburg, MS
FX Field work was supported by Tammy Yeldon, Reid Northwick and Alex
Schroeder. JC Nelson provided GIS support. Reviews by William James,
Eric Strauss, Mike Jawson and two anonymous reviewers substantially
improved this manuscript. Research was partially supported by funds from
System-Wide Water Resource Program, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. Use of trade,
product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
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U2 50
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PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-2563
J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
JI Biogeochemistry
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 104
IS 1-3
BP 309
EP 324
DI 10.1007/s10533-010-9503-9
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 771OA
UT WOS:000291168900022
ER
PT J
AU Wickings, K
Grandy, AS
Reed, S
Cleveland, C
AF Wickings, Kyle
Grandy, A. Stuart
Reed, Sasha
Cleveland, Cory
TI Management intensity alters decomposition via biological pathways
SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Agriculture; Decomposition; Land-use change; Microarthropods;
Microorganisms; Plant litter; Soil carbon
ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION;
ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL CARBON; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; FEEDING GUILDS; FOREST
SOILS; DYNAMICS; FRACTIONS; BACTERIAL
AB Current conceptual models predict that changes in plant litter chemistry during decomposition are primarily regulated by both initial litter chemistry and the stage-or extent-of mass loss. Far less is known about how variations in decomposer community structure (e.g., resulting from different ecosystem management types) could influence litter chemistry during decomposition. Given the recent agricultural intensification occurring globally and the importance of litter chemistry in regulating soil organic matter storage, our objectives were to determine the potential effects of agricultural management on plant litter chemistry and decomposition rates, and to investigate possible links between ecosystem management, litter chemistry and decomposition, and decomposer community composition and activity. We measured decomposition rates, changes in litter chemistry, extracellular enzyme activity, microarthropod communities, and bacterial versus fungal relative abundance in replicated conventional-till, no-till, and old field agricultural sites for both corn and grass litter. After one growing season, litter decomposition under conventional-till was 20% greater than in old field communities. However, decomposition rates in no-till were not significantly different from those in old field or conventional-till sites. After decomposition, grass residue in both conventional- and no-till systems was enriched in total polysaccharides relative to initial litter, while grass litter decomposed in old fields was enriched in nitrogen-bearing compounds and lipids. These differences corresponded with differences in decomposer communities, which also exhibited strong responses to both litter and management type. Overall, our results indicate that agricultural intensification can increase litter decomposition rates, alter decomposer communities, and influence litter chemistry in ways that could have important and long-term effects on soil organic matter dynamics. We suggest that future efforts to more accurately predict soil carbon dynamics under different management regimes may need to explicitly consider how changes in litter chemistry during decomposition are influenced by the specific metabolic capabilities of the extant decomposer communities.
C1 [Wickings, Kyle; Grandy, A. Stuart] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Reed, Sasha] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA.
[Cleveland, Cory] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Wickings, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM wickings@msu.edu
FU W.K. Kellogg Biological Station; Michigan Agricultural Experiment
Station; National Science Foundation; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
FX Support was provided by the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Long Term
Ecological Research Program, the Michigan Agricultural Experiment
Station, the National Science Foundation and the Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and
does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. We are grateful to
J. Leff for help with qPCR analyses, C. Lauber and C. Washenberger for
qPCR advice, and to P. McIntire and the Murdock Molecular Biology
Facility for use of their qPCR machine.
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PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-2563
J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
JI Biogeochemistry
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 104
IS 1-3
BP 365
EP 379
DI 10.1007/s10533-010-9510-x
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 771OA
UT WOS:000291168900025
ER
PT J
AU King, TL
Eackles, MS
Chapman, DC
AF King, T. L.
Eackles, M. S.
Chapman, D. C.
TI Tools for assessing kinship, population structure, phylogeography, and
interspecific hybridization in Asian carps invasive to the Mississippi
River, USA: isolation and characterization of novel tetranucleotide
microsatellite DNA loci in silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Asian carp; Silver carp; Bighead carp; Grass carp; Black carp;
Cross-species; Invasive; Hybridization; Demographics; Microsatellite;
Mutation-drift equilibrium
ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA;
ARISTICHTHYS-NOBILIS; BIGHEAD CARP; GENETICS; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION;
BOTTLENECKS; TESTS
AB We document the isolation and characterization of novel tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA markers for the invasive silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and provide the results of cross-species amplification for three additional invasive carp species: bighead (H. nobilis), grass (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and black (Mylopharyngodon piceus). In the target species these markers yielded levels of allelic diversity (average 4.4 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (average 54.7%) sufficient to: (1) provide unique multilocus genotypes; (2) delineate kinship relationships; (3) differentiate populations/species; (4) estimate effective population sizes; and (5) provide unique demographic perspectives for control or eradication. Currently these markers are being utilized to determine the degree of introgressive hybridization between H. molitrix and H. nobilis, to quantify gene flow between different sub-basins established in the central United States, and to assess the demographic status of sub-basin groups. This information will be critically important in the management/control of these invasive species.
C1 [King, T. L.; Eackles, M. S.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
[Chapman, D. C.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
EM tlking@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Leetown Science Center; Columbia
Environmental Research Center; USGS
FX This research was co-funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS)
Leetown Science Center, Columbia Environmental Research Center, and the
USGS Invasive Species Program. The authors wish to thank Sharon Gross
(USGS, Invasive Species Program Coordinator, Reston, Virginia) for
supporting this project. We wish to thank Kevin Irons, Illinois Natural
History Survey for providing tissue samples from the silver carp and
Mike Freeze, Keo Fish Farms, Keo, Arkansas for providing the black carp
samples. We would like to thank Cheryl Morrison and John Switzer for
reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript.
NR 20
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U1 0
U2 43
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-7252
J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR
JI Conserv. Genet. Resour.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 3
BP 397
EP 401
DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9285-3
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 771OG
UT WOS:000291169700001
ER
PT J
AU Koizumi, N
Quinn, TW
Park, M
Fike, J
Nishida, K
Takemura, T
Watabe, K
Mori, A
AF Koizumi, Noriyuki
Quinn, Thomas W.
Park, Myeongsoo
Fike, Jennifer
Nishida, Kazuya
Takemura, Takeshi
Watabe, Keiji
Mori, Atsushi
TI Isolation and characterization of 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci in
the Japanese dace (Tribolodon hakonensis)
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Cyprinidae; Microsatellite primers; Genetic diversity; Conservation;
Rural ecosystem
ID DNA MARKERS; SOFTWARE
AB Twenty one polymorphic microsatellite loci for the Japanese dace (Tribolodon hakonensis) were isolated and characterized. The number of observed alleles per locus in 32 individuals ranged from 3 to 30. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.125 to 0.969 and from 0.175 to 0.973, respectively. All loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, no linkage disequilibrium was observed between pairs of loci and no loci showed evidence of null alleles. These microsatellite loci will be useful for investigating the intraspecific genetic variation and population structure of this species.
C1 [Koizumi, Noriyuki; Nishida, Kazuya; Takemura, Takeshi; Watabe, Keiji; Mori, Atsushi] Natl Inst Rural Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058609, Japan.
[Quinn, Thomas W.] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
[Park, Myeongsoo] Rural Res Inst, Ansan 426908, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
[Fike, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Koizumi, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Rural Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058609, Japan.
EM koizumin@affrc.go.jp
FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [C-20580270, C-21780228,
C-22580281, B-22380133]
FX This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research (C-20580270, C-21780228, C-22580281 and B-22380133) from the
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The first author would like
to thank Mses. K. Yamanoi and P. Goto for analysis support.
NR 13
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U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-7252
J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR
JI Conserv. Genet. Resour.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 3
BP 565
EP 567
DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9405-8
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 771OG
UT WOS:000291169700038
ER
PT J
AU Ernst, WG
Martens, UC
McLaughlin, RJ
Clark, JC
Moore, DE
AF Ernst, W. G.
Martens, Uwe C.
McLaughlin, R. J.
Clark, J. C.
Moore, Diane E.
TI Zircon U-Pb age of the Pescadero felsite: A Late Cretaceous igneous
event in the forearc, west-central California Coast Ranges
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-AMERICA; FRANCISCAN METAGRAYWACKES; FAULT ZONE; PROVENANCE;
SUBDUCTION; COMPLEX; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; TRENCH; SIERRA
AB Weathered felsite is associated with the late Campanian-Maastrichtian Pigeon Point Formation near Pescadero, California. Poorly exposed, its age and correlation are uncertain. Is it part of the Pigeon Point section west of the San Gregorio-Hosgri fault? Does it rest on Nacimiento block basement? Is it dextrally offset from the Oligocene Cambria Felsite, similar to 185 km to the southeast? Why is a calc-alkaline hypabyssal igneous rock intrusive into the outboard accretionary prism? To address these questions, we analyzed 43 oscillatory-zoned zircon crystals from three incipiently recrystallized pumpellyite +/- prehnite +/- laumontite-bearing Pescadero felsite samples by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques. Thirty-three zircons gave late Mesozoic U-Pb ages, with single-grain values ranging from 81 to 167 Ma; ten have pre-Mesozoic, chiefly Proterozoic ages. A group of the four youngest Pescadero zircons yielded an apparent maximum igneous age of ca. 86-90 Ma. Reflecting broad age scatter and presence of partly digested sandstone inclusions, we interpret the rest of the zircons (perhaps all) as xenocrysts. Twenty-three zircons were separated and analyzed from two samples of the similar Cambria Felsite, yielding a unimodal 27 Ma U-Pb age. Clearly, the origin of the Upper Oligocene Cambria Felsite is different from that of the Upper Cretaceous Pescadero felsite; these rocks are not correlated, and do not constrain displacement along the San Gregorio-Hosgri fault.
Peak ages differ slightly, but relative probability curves for Mesozoic and pre-Mesozoic Pescadero zircons compare well, for example, with abundant U-Pb age data for detrital zircons from Franciscan metaclastic strata similar to 100 km to the east in the Diablo Range-San Francisco Bay area, San Joaquin Great Valley Group turbidites, Upper Cretaceous Nacimiento block Franciscan strata, and Upper Cretaceous forearc units of the Transverse Ranges. Based on zircon U-Pb ages, geologic and petrographic relations, the Pescadero felsite and a capping, sheared metaconglomerate underlie the Pigeon Point Formation. We infer that the magma formed by anatexis of Franciscan or Great Valley clastic sedimentary rocks originating from a parental Mesozoic Sierran-Mojave-Salinian calcalkaline arc. The felsite erupted during Late Cretaceous time, was metamorphosed to pumpellyite-prehnite grade within the subduction zone, and then was rapidly exhumed, weakly zeolitized, and exposed before Pigeon Point forearc deposition. Pescadero volcanism apparently reflects a previously unrecognized ca. 86-90 Ma felsic igneous event in the accretionary margin.
C1 [Ernst, W. G.; Martens, Uwe C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[McLaughlin, R. J.; Clark, J. C.; Moore, Diane E.] US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Ernst, WG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM wernst@stanford.edu
FU Stanford University; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
FX Stanford University and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) supported the
field and analytical investigations of zircons from the Pescadero
felsites and Cambria Felsite. Bob Jones conducted the Stanford X-Ray
diffraction study. Joe Wooden and Chris Mattinson at the Stanford-USGS
Micro-Analysis Center aided in the sensitive high-resolution ion micro
probe (SHRIMP-RG) analyses and data reduction. George Gehrels provided
access to the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass
spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) at the University of Arizona LaserChron Center,
and Victor Valencia helped with data acquisition. Rick Stanley, Clarence
Hall Jr., and Russ Graymer provided constructive feedback on a draft
manuscript. Carl Jacobson and Jason Saleeby challenged us to consider
the broader implications of our research with provocative, helpful
reviews, and Associate Editor John Wakabayashi and Editor Brendan Murphy
also gave us good advice. We thank the aforementioned institutions and
scientists for support and valuable feedback.
NR 61
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U1 0
U2 7
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2011
VL 123
IS 7-8
BP 1497
EP 1512
DI 10.1130/B30270.1
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 772QF
UT WOS:000291248800015
ER
PT J
AU Kurwadkar, ST
Adams, CD
Meyer, MT
Kolpin, DW
AF Kurwadkar, Sudarshan T.
Adams, Craig D.
Meyer, Michael T.
Kolpin, Dana W.
TI Comparative mobility of sulfonamides and bromide tracer in three soils
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Animal agriculture; Antimicrobials; Sulfamethazine; Sulfathiazole;
Mobility; Sorption
ID ANTIBIOTICS; SORPTION; TYLOSIN; PHARMACEUTICALS; OXYTETRACYCLINE;
CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRANSPORT; CONSTANTS; COLUMNS; SYSTEMS
AB In animal agriculture, sulfonamides are one of the routinely used groups of antimicrobials for therapeutic and sub-therapeutic purposes. It is observed that, the animals when administered the antimicrobials, often do not completely metabolize them; and excrete the partially metabolized forms into the environment. Due to the continued use of antimicrobials and disposal of untreated waste, widespread occurrence of partially metabolized antimicrobials in aquatic and terrestrial environments has been reported in various scientific journals. In this research, the mobility of two sulfonamides - sulfamethazine (SMN), sulfathiazole (STZ) and a conservative bromide tracer was investigated in three soils collected from regions in the United States with large number of concentrated animal-feed operations. Results of a series of column studies indicate that the mobility of these two sulfonamides was dependent on pH, soil charge density, and contact time. At low pH and high charge density, substantial retention of sulfonamides was observed in all three soils investigated, due to the increased fraction of cationic and neutral forms of the sulfonamides. Conversely, enhanced mobility was observed at high pH, where the sulfonamides are predominantly in the anionic form. The results indicate that when both SMN and STZ are predominantly in anionic forms, their mobility approximates the mobility of a conservative bromide tracer. This observation is consistent for the mobility of both SMN and STZ individually, and also in the presence of several other antimicrobials in all three soils investigated. Higher contact time indicates lower mobility due to increased interaction with soil material. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Kurwadkar, Sudarshan T.] Tarleton State Univ, Dept Engn & Phys, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA.
[Kurwadkar, Sudarshan T.; Adams, Craig D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
[Adams, Craig D.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
[Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.
[Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA.
RP Kurwadkar, ST (reprint author), Tarleton State Univ, Dept Engn & Phys, Box T-0390,1333 W Washington St, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA.
EM kurwadkar@tarleton.edu
OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Missouri Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR); Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T)
Environmental Research Center (ERC); John and Susan Mathes Fellowship
FX The authors thank Evan Kostishak and Ashwin Patni for their help in
performing surface area measurements of the soils. Special thanks to Dr.
Forrest Mitchell for statistical analysis of the data. Partial funding
for this research was obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, the Missouri Department of Natural
Resources (MDNR), the Missouri University of Science and Technology
(MS&T) Environmental Research Center (ERC), and the John and Susan
Mathes Fellowship (awarded to the lead author). The use of trade, firm,
or brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and
does not constitute endorsement by Missouri University of Science and
Technology, Tarleton State University and the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 25
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U1 0
U2 23
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 7
BP 1874
EP 1881
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.018
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 771XD
UT WOS:000291193100024
PM 21477917
ER
PT J
AU Durner, GM
Whiteman, JP
Harlow, HJ
Amstrup, SC
Regehr, EV
Ben-David, M
AF Durner, George M.
Whiteman, John P.
Harlow, Henry J.
Amstrup, Steven C.
Regehr, Eric V.
Ben-David, Merav
TI Consequences of long-distance swimming and travel over deep-water pack
ice for a female polar bear during a year of extreme sea ice retreat
SO POLAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Energetics; Long-distance swimming; Polar bear;
Telemetry; Ursus maritimus; Sea ice
ID SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; URSUS-MARITIMUS; BODY-MASS; TEMPERATURE;
LOCOMOTION; ENERGETICS; DRAG
AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) prefer to live on Arctic sea ice but may swim between ice floes or between sea ice and land. Although anecdotal observations suggest that polar bears are capable of swimming long distances, no data have been available to describe in detail long distance swimming events or the physiological and reproductive consequences of such behavior. Between an initial capture in late August and a recapture in late October 2008, a radio-collared adult female polar bear in the Beaufort Sea made a continuous swim of 687 km over 9 days and then intermittently swam and walked on the sea ice surface an additional 1,800 km. Measures of movement rate, hourly activity, and subcutaneous and external temperature revealed distinct profiles of swimming and walking. Between captures, this polar bear lost 22% of her body mass and her yearling cub. The extraordinary long distance swimming ability of polar bears, which we confirm here, may help them cope with reduced Arctic sea ice. Our observation, however, indicates that long distance swimming in Arctic waters, and travel over deep water pack ice, may result in high energetic costs and compromise reproductive fitness.
C1 [Durner, George M.; Amstrup, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Durner, George M.; Whiteman, John P.; Harlow, Henry J.; Regehr, Eric V.; Ben-David, Merav] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Whiteman, John P.; Ben-David, Merav] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Regehr, Eric V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA.
RP Durner, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM gdurner@usgs.gov
FU National Science Foundation [OPP 0732713]; United States Geological
Survey, Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program;
United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Region 7 Marine Mammals
Management program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife [690038]
FX Primary funding for this research was provided through a National
Science Foundation grant (OPP 0732713) to the University of Wyoming.
Major funding also was provided by the United States Geological Survey,
Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, and the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 7 Marine Mammals
Management program. Polar bear captures are made possible under U.S.
Fish and Wildlife marine mammal research permit 690038 granted to the
USGS, Alaska Science Center. Capture procedures were conducted under the
approval of both University of Wyoming and Alaska Science Center
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocols. We thank
David Douglas (USGS) for assistance in analysis of Argos data and
Ignatius Rigor (University of Washington) for providing buoy location
data. The following individuals are acknowledged for their constructive
suggestions on earlier versions of this report: Layne Adams, Andrew
Derocher, Karen Oakley, Ignatius Rigor, Joel Schmutz, and one anonymous
reviewer. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only
and does not reflect endorsement by the U.S. government.
NR 30
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U1 8
U2 100
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4060
J9 POLAR BIOL
JI Polar Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 7
BP 975
EP 984
DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0953-2
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 769VR
UT WOS:000291046900003
ER
PT J
AU Jay, CV
Marcot, BG
Douglas, DC
AF Jay, Chadwick V.
Marcot, Bruce G.
Douglas, David C.
TI Projected status of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in
the twenty-first century
SO POLAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Status; Walrus; Odobenus; Bayesian network; Sea ice
ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ALASKA; SEA; 21ST-CENTURY;
CONSERVATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PINNIPEDS; ECOLOGY
AB Extensive and rapid losses of sea ice in the Arctic have raised conservation concerns for the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), a large pinniped inhabiting arctic and subarctic continental shelf waters of the Chukchi and Bering seas. We developed a Bayesian network model to integrate potential effects of changing environmental conditions and anthropogenic stressors on the future status of the Pacific walrus population at four periods through the twenty-first century. The model framework allowed for inclusion of various sources and levels of knowledge, and representation of structural and parameter uncertainties. Walrus outcome probabilities through the century reflected a clear trend of worsening conditions for the subspecies. From the current observation period to the end of century, the greatest change in walrus outcome probabilities was a progressive decrease in the outcome state of robust and a concomitant increase in the outcome state of vulnerable. The probabilities of rare and extirpated states each progressively increased but remained < 10% through the end of the century. The summed probabilities of vulnerable, rare, and extirpated (P(v,r,e)) increased from a current level of 10% in 2004 to 22% by 2050 and 40% by 2095. The degree of uncertainty in walrus outcomes increased monotonically over future periods. In the model, sea ice habitat (particularly for summer/fall) and harvest levels had the greatest influence on future population outcomes. Other potential stressors had much smaller influences on walrus outcomes, mostly because of uncertainty in their future states and our current poor understanding of their mechanistic influence on walrus abundance.
C1 [Jay, Chadwick V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA.
[Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Jay, CV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM cjay@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey
FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey. We
are grateful for the helpful comments and suggestions from S. Amstrup,
A. Boltunov, J. Garlich-Miller, B. Kelly, and A. Kochnev at various
stages in the development of this study. L. Kava, G. Noongwook, C.
Pungowiyi, R. Toolie, and C. Waghiyi of Savoonga generously shared
knowledge of walruses and other wildlife in the St. Lawrence Island
area. T. Demere kindly provided comments and improved our discussion of
walrus paleobiogeography. We thank US Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine
Mammals Management Office, for providing walrus harvest data. Mention of
trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute
endorsement by the federal government.
NR 61
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U1 5
U2 68
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4060
EI 1432-2056
J9 POLAR BIOL
JI Polar Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 7
BP 1065
EP 1084
DI 10.1007/s00300-011-0967-4
PG 20
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 769VR
UT WOS:000291046900011
ER
PT J
AU Raymond, KL
Vondracek, B
AF Raymond, Kara L.
Vondracek, Bruce
TI Relationships among rotational and conventional grazing systems, stream
channels, and macroinvertebrates
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Bank stability; Grazing management; Chironomid pupal exuvia; Benthic
macroinvertebrate
ID LAND-USE; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN; SOUTHEASTERN
MINNESOTA; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; BIOTIC INTEGRITY;
SPATIAL SCALES; FINE SEDIMENT; UNITED-STATES
AB Cattle grazing in riparian areas can reduce water quality, alter stream channel characteristics, and alter fish and macroinvertebrate assemblage structure. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Services has recommended Rotational Grazing (RG) as an alternative management method on livestock and dairy operations to protect riparian areas and water quality. We evaluated 13 stream channel characteristics, benthic macroinvertebrate larvae (BML), and chironomid pupal exuviae (CPE) from 18 sites in the Upper Midwest of the United States in relation to RG and conventional grazing (CG). A Biotic Composite Score comprised of several macroinvertebrate metrics was developed for both the BML assemblage and the CPE assemblage. Multi-Response Permutation Procedures (MRPP) indicated a significant difference in stream channel characteristics between RG and CG. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling indicated that RG sites were associated with more stable stream banks, higher quality aquatic habitat, lower soil compaction, and larger particles in the streambed. However, neither MRPP nor Mann-Whitney U tests demonstrated a difference in Biotic Composite Scores for BML or CPE along RG and CG sites. The BML and CPE metrics were significantly correlated, indicating that they were likely responding to similar variables among the study sites. Although stream channel characteristics appeared to respond to grazing management, BML and CPE may have responded to land use throughout the watershed, as well as local land use.
C1 [Raymond, Kara L.] Natl Pk Serv, Sonoran Desert Network, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA.
[Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Raymond, KL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Sonoran Desert Network, 7660 E Broadway Blvd,Suite 308, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA.
EM kara_raymond@nps.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey; University of Minnesota; Minnesota Department of
Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service; National Science Foundation [0709613]
FX The Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the
University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources,
the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service.; We thank the members of the research group: Nick Jordan, Steve
Manson, and Kristen Nelson for their contributions to the formation of
this project. We also thank Brandon Wiarda and Sonya Ewert for their
help collecting field data, Rebecca Jacobson for insect identification,
Adam Berland for GIS analysis, and Leonard Ferrington Jr. for his wealth
of knowledge about Chironomidae. An earlier draft of this manuscript was
improved thanks to reviews by Shaun Moore, Eric Romaniszyn, and Brian
Weigel. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation
under the Biocomplexity in the Environment Priority Area, Award ID
0709613. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by authors
or the U.S. Government.
NR 72
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U1 4
U2 41
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 669
IS 1
BP 105
EP 117
DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0653-0
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 765BO
UT WOS:000290678600007
ER
PT J
AU Tenopir, C
Allard, S
Douglass, K
Aydinoglu, AU
Wu, L
Read, E
Manoff, M
Frame, M
AF Tenopir, Carol
Allard, Suzie
Douglass, Kimberly
Aydinoglu, Arsev Umur
Wu, Lei
Read, Eleanor
Manoff, Maribeth
Frame, Mike
TI Data Sharing by Scientists: Practices and Perceptions
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
AB Background: Scientific research in the 21st century is more data intensive and collaborative than in the past. It is important to study the data practices of researchers - data accessibility, discovery, re-use, preservation and, particularly, data sharing. Data sharing is a valuable part of the scientific method allowing for verification of results and extending research from prior results.
Methodology/Principal Findings: A total of 1329 scientists participated in this survey exploring current data sharing practices and perceptions of the barriers and enablers of data sharing. Scientists do not make their data electronically available to others for various reasons, including insufficient time and lack of funding. Most respondents are satisfied with their current processes for the initial and short-term parts of the data or research lifecycle (collecting their research data; searching for, describing or cataloging, analyzing, and short-term storage of their data) but are not satisfied with long-term data preservation. Many organizations do not provide support to their researchers for data management both in the short- and long-term. If certain conditions are met (such as formal citation and sharing reprints) respondents agree they are willing to share their data. There are also significant differences and approaches in data management practices based on primary funding agency, subject discipline, age, work focus, and world region.
Conclusions/Significance: Barriers to effective data sharing and preservation are deeply rooted in the practices and culture of the research process as well as the researchers themselves. New mandates for data management plans from NSF and other federal agencies and world-wide attention to the need to share and preserve data could lead to changes. Large scale programs, such as the NSF-sponsored DataNET (including projects like DataONE) will both bring attention and resources to the issue and make it easier for scientists to apply sound data management principles.
C1 [Tenopir, Carol; Allard, Suzie; Douglass, Kimberly; Aydinoglu, Arsev Umur; Wu, Lei] Univ Tennessee, Sch Informat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Read, Eleanor; Manoff, Maribeth] Univ Tennessee, Univ Tennessee Lib, Knoxville, TN USA.
[Frame, Mike] US Geol Survey, Ctr Informat Biol, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Tenopir, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Sch Informat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM ctenopir@utk.edu
OI AYDINOGLU, ARSEV UMUR/0000-0001-8857-6001; Tenopir,
Carol/0000-0002-9056-8251; Allard, Suzie/0000-0001-9421-3848
FU National Science Foundation, Division of Cyberinfrastructure, Data
Observation Network for Earth (DataONE) NSF [0830944]
FX The project was funded as part of the National Science Foundation,
Division of Cyberinfrastructure, Data Observation Network for Earth
(DataONE) NSF award #0830944 under a Cooperative Agreement. The funders
had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 18
TC 151
Z9 155
U1 13
U2 100
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 29
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 6
AR e21101
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0021101
PG 21
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 786FZ
UT WOS:000292290100013
PM 21738610
ER
PT J
AU Glen, JMG
Schmidt, JM
Connard, GG
AF Glen, Jonathan M. G.
Schmidt, Jeanine M.
Connard, Gerry G.
TI Three-dimensional model of an ultramafic feeder system to the Nikolai
Greenstone mafic large igneous province, central Alaska Range
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Amphitheater Mountains, south central Alaska; Nikolai flood basalt;
Wrangellia; gravity; magnetics; three-dimensional geophysical model
ID OCEANIC PLATEAUS; TALKEETNA MOUNTAINS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; BASIN
DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHERN ALASKA; WRANGELLIA; GRAVITY; CHARACTER; TERRANE;
BASALT
AB The Amphitheater Mountains and southern central Alaska Range expose a thick sequence of Triassic Nikolai basalts that is underlain by several mafic-ultramafic complexes, the largest and best exposed being the Fish Lake and Tangle (FL-T) mafic-ultramafic sills that flank the Amphitheater Mountains synform. Three-dimensional (3-D) modeling of gravity and magnetic data reveals details of the structure of the Amphitheater Mountains, such as the orientation and thickness of Nikolai basalts, and the geometry of the FL-T intrusions. The 3-D model (50 x 70 km) includes the full geographic extent of the FL-T complexes and consists of 11 layers. Layer surfaces and properties (density and magnetic susceptibility) were modified by forward and inverse methods to reduce differences between the observed and calculated gravity and magnetic grids. The model suggests that the outcropping FL-T sills are apparently connected and traceable at depth and reveals variations in thickness, shape, and orientation of the ultramafic bodies that may identify paths of magma flow. The model shows that a significant volume (2000 km(3)) of ultramafic material occurs in the subsurface, gradually thickening and plunging westward to depths exceeding 4 km. This deep ultramafic material is interpreted as the top of a keel or root system that supplied magma to the Nikolai lavas and controlled emplacement of related magmatic intrusions. The presence of this deep, keel-like structure, and asymmetry of the synform, supports a sag basin model for development of the Amphitheater Mountains structure and reveals that the feeders to the Nikolai are much more extensive than previously known.
C1 [Glen, Jonathan M. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Schmidt, Jeanine M.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Connard, Gerry G.] Geosoft Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Glen, JMG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS989, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jglen@usgs.gov
NR 53
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD JUN 28
PY 2011
VL 12
AR Q06018
DI 10.1029/2011GC003508
PG 24
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 787MD
UT WOS:000292379700001
ER
PT J
AU Clements, S
Chitwood, R
Schreck, CB
AF Clements, Shaun
Chitwood, Rob
Schreck, Carl B.
TI Effect of Commercially Available Egg Cures on the Survival of Juvenile
Salmonids
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID ACUTE TOXICITY; NADPH OXIDASE; SULFITE; TROUT; METABISULFITE; BISULFITE;
STEELHEAD; RADICALS; NITRITE; GROWTH
AB There is some concern that incidental consumption of eggs cured with commercially available cures for the purpose of sport fishing causes mortality in juvenile salmon. We evaluated this by feeding juvenile spring Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) with eggs cured with one of five commercially available cures. We observed significant levels of mortality in both pre-smolts and smolts. Depending on the experiment, 2, 3, or 4 of the cures were associated with mortality. Mortality tended to be higher in the smolts than in the parr, but there was no clear species effect. The majority of mortality occurred within the first 10 d of feeding. Removal of sodium sulfite from the cure significantly reduced the level of mortality. Soaking the eggs prior to feeding did not reduce mortality. We observed a clear relationship between the amount of cured egg consumed each day and the survival time. We conclude that consumption of eggs cured with sodium sulfite has the potential to cause mortality in juvenile steelhead and Chinook salmon in the wild.
C1 [Clements, Shaun] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR USA.
[Chitwood, Rob] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Clements, S (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR USA.
EM Shaun.Clements@oregonstate.edu
FU Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Restoration and Enhancement Board
[07-132]
FX This study was partially funded by a grant (# 07-132) from the Oregon
Department of Fish and Wildlife Restoration and Enhancement Board
(http://www.dfw.state.or.us/fish/RE/). No additional external funding
was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design,
data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
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U1 0
U2 4
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 27
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 6
AR e21406
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0021406
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 783OD
UT WOS:000292092600037
PM 21738653
ER
PT J
AU Staude, S
Gob, S
Pfaff, K
Strobele, F
Premo, WR
Markl, G
AF Staude, Sebastian
Goeb, Susanne
Pfaff, Katharina
Stroebele, Florian
Premo, Wayne R.
Markl, Gregor
TI Deciphering fluid sources of hydrothermal systems: A combined Sr- and
S-isotope study on barite (Schwarzwald, SW Germany)
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Schwarzwald; Wiesloch; Hydrothermal; Barite; (87)Sr/(86)Sr; delta(34)S;
Fluid-mixing
ID REPUBLIC-OF-GERMANY; ORE DISTRICT; STABLE-ISOTOPE; NORTHERN SWITZERLAND;
VEIN MINERALIZATION; SOUTHERN GERMANY; URANIUM DEPOSIT; CENTRAL-EUROPE;
RB-SR; K-AR
AB Primary and secondary barites from hydrothermal mineralizations in SW Germany were investigated, for the first time, by a combination of strontium (Sr) isotope systematics ((87)Sr/(86)Sr), Sr contents and delta(34)S values to distinguish fluid sources and precipitation mechanisms responsible for their formation. Barite of Permian age derived its Sr solely from crystalline basement rocks, whereas all younger barite also incorporate Sr from formation waters of the overlying sediments. In fact, most of the Sr in younger barite is leached from Lower and Middle Triassic sediments.
In contrast, most of the sulfur (S) of Permian, Jurassic and northern Schwarzwald Miocene barite originated from basement rocks. The S source of Upper Rhinegraben (URG)-related Paleogene barite differs depending on geographic position: for veins of the southern URG, it is the Oligocene evaporitic sequence, while central URG mineralizations derived its S from Middle Triassic evaporites.
Using Sr isotopes of barite of known age combined with estimates on the Sr contents and Sr isotopic ratios of the fluids' source rocks, we were able to quantify mixing ratios of basement-derived fluids and sedimentary formation waters for the first time. These calculations show that Jurassic barite formed by mixing of 75-95% ascending basement-derived fluids with 5-25% sedimentary formation water, but that only 20-55% of the Sr was brought by the basement-derived fluid to the depositional site. Miocene barite formed by mixing of an ascending basement-derived brine (60-70%) with 30-40% sedimentary formation waters. In this case, only 8-15% of the Sr was derived from the deep brine. This fluid-mixing calculation is an example for deposits in which the fluid source is known. This method applied to a greater number of deposits formed at different times and in various geological settings may shed light on more general causes of fluid movement in the Earth's crust and on the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Staude, Sebastian; Goeb, Susanne; Pfaff, Katharina; Stroebele, Florian; Markl, Gregor] Univ Tubingen, Fachbereich Geowissensch, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany.
[Premo, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Markl, G (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Fachbereich Geowissensch, Wilhelmstr 56, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany.
EM markl@uni-tuebingen.de
FU Krupp Foundation to Gregor Markl; University of Tubingen
(Promotionsverbund Wiesloch); Wilhem Schuler Stiftung
FX The Bundesanstalt fur Geologie und Rohstoffe (BGR), Dr. Ludwig H.
Hildebrandt (Wiesloch), Dr. Wolfgang Werner (Regierungsprasidium
Freiburg, Geological Survey of Baden-Wurttemberg Freiburg), Georg
Wittmer, Adam Seigfried, and the University of Heidelberg are thanked
for sample material. The Heidelberg Zement AG (Dr. Schneider) and the
Hessler quarry (Peter Gramespacher) are thanked for access to their
quarries and their support. We gratefully acknowledge the help of Elmar
Reitter during Sr separation and during analyzing the Sr isotopic
composition. Michael Brauns (Mannheim) is thanked for analyzing
87Sr/86Sr ratios, Bend Steinhilber for
delta34S analyses, Indra Gill-Kopp for sample preparation and
Dr. Thomas Wenzel for the assistance with the electron microprobe and
insightful discussions. The help of sample and picture preparation of
Benjamin Walter and Jan-Erik Guhring is gratefully acknowledged as well.
Erin Marsh and Craig Johnson (both USGS, Denver) are thanked for useful
hints and discussions. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers; their
notes and suggestions improved the manuscript considerably. This study
was supported by the Alfried-Krupp Prize for Young University Teachers
of the Krupp Foundation to Gregor Markl, by the University of Tubingen
(Promotionsverbund Wiesloch) and by the Wilhem Schuler Stiftung (Travel
Grant to the USGS, Denver).
NR 84
TC 17
Z9 20
U1 3
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD JUN 26
PY 2011
VL 286
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 20
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.009
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 792ZG
UT WOS:000292788300001
ER
PT J
AU Clark, RN
Pieters, CM
Green, RO
Boardman, JW
Petro, NE
AF Clark, Roger N.
Pieters, Carle M.
Green, Robert O.
Boardman, J. W.
Petro, Noah E.
TI Thermal removal from near-infrared imaging spectroscopy data of the Moon
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE
AB In the near-infrared from about 2 mm to beyond 3 mm, the light from the Moon is a combination of reflected sunlight and emitted thermal emission. There are multiple complexities in separating the two signals, including knowledge of the local solar incidence angle due to topography, phase angle dependencies, emissivity, and instrument calibration. Thermal emission adds to apparent reflectance, and because the emission's contribution increases over the reflected sunlight with increasing wavelength, absorption bands in the lunar reflectance spectra can be modified. In particular, the shape of the 2 mu m pyroxene band can be distorted by thermal emission, changing spectrally determined pyroxene composition and abundance. Because of the thermal emission contribution, water and hydroxyl absorptions are reduced in strength, lowering apparent abundances. It is important to quantify and remove the thermal emission for these reasons. We developed a method for deriving the temperature and emissivity from spectra of the lunar surface and removing the thermal emission in the near infrared. The method is fast enough that it can be applied to imaging spectroscopy data on the Moon.
C1 [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Boardman, J. W.] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Green, Robert O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Petro, Noah E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Pieters, Carle M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
RP Clark, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS964,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rclark@usgs.gov; carle_pieters@brown.edu; robert.o.green@jpl.nasa.gov;
boardman@aigllc.com; noah.e.petro@mail.nasa.gov
RI Petro, Noah/F-5340-2013
FU NASA Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) team; NASA Cassini VIMS
team
FX This research was funded by the NASA Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy
Mapper (M3) team (C. Pieters, PI, other authors Co-Is), and
the NASA Cassini VIMS team (B. Brown, Team Leader; R. Clark, Team
Member).
NR 12
TC 41
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U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD JUN 24
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00G16
DI 10.1029/2010JE003751
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 783WF
UT WOS:000292114100001
ER
PT J
AU Martin, TE
Arriero, E
Majewska, A
AF Martin, Thomas E.
Arriero, Elena
Majewska, Ania
TI A trade-off between embryonic development rate and immune function of
avian offspring is revealed by considering embryonic temperature
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE embryonic temperature; embryonic period; immune function; trade-offs
ID INCUBATION PERIOD; TREE SWALLOWS; BIRDS; EVOLUTION; INNATE
AB Long embryonic periods are assumed to reflect slower intrinsic development that are thought to trade off to allow enhanced physiological systems, such as immune function. Yet, the relatively rare studies of this trade-off in avian offspring have not found the expected trade-off. Theory and tests have not taken into account the strong extrinsic effects of temperature on embryonic periods of birds. Here, we show that length of the embryonic period did not explain variation in two measures of immune function when temperature was ignored, based on studies of 34 Passerine species in tropical Venezuela (23 species) and north temperate Arizona (11 species). Variation in immune function was explained when embryonic periods were corrected for average embryonic temperature, in order to better estimate intrinsic rates of development. Immune function of offspring trades off with intrinsic rates of embryonic development once the extrinsic effects of embryonic temperatures are taken into account.
C1 [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Martin, Thomas E.; Arriero, Elena; Majewska, Ania] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
EM tom.martin@umontana.edu
RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Evolution and Conservation Biology, UCM
Group /K-9382-2014; Arriero, Elena/J-8224-2016
OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; Arriero, Elena/0000-0003-4230-6537
FU National Science Foundation; U.S.G.S.; USDA CSREES; Spanish Ministry of
Science and Education
FX We are grateful to C. Breuner, M. G. Palacios and two anonymous
reviewers for helpful comments on the article. This work was supported
by National Science Foundation, U.S.G.S. Climate Change Research
Programme and USDA CSREES. E.A. was supported by a postdoctoral
fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education. Any use
of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the US Government.
NR 18
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U1 0
U2 17
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD JUN 23
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 3
BP 425
EP 428
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.1031
PG 4
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 762XI
UT WOS:000290515100031
PM 21227978
ER
PT J
AU Georgea, DB
Webb, CT
Farnsworth, ML
O'Shea, TJ
Bowen, RA
Smith, DL
Stanley, TR
Ellison, LE
Rupprecht, CE
AF Georgea, Dylan B.
Webb, Colleen T.
Farnsworth, Matthew L.
O'Shea, Thomas J.
Bowen, Richard A.
Smith, David L.
Stanley, Thomas R.
Ellison, Laura E.
Rupprecht, Charles E.
TI Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE chiroptera; pathogen persistence; torpor
ID BIG BROWN BATS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; UNITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; COLORADO;
PROBABILITIES; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION
AB Rabies is an acute viral infection that is typically fatal. Most rabies modeling has focused on disease dynamics and control within terrestrial mammals (e. g., raccoons and foxes). As such, rabies in bats has been largely neglected until recently. Because bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs for several emerging zoonotic viruses, including SARS-like corona viruses, henipaviruses, and lyssaviruses, understanding how pathogens are maintained within a population becomes vital. Unfortunately, little is known about maintenance mechanisms for any pathogen in bat populations. We present a mathematical model parameterized with unique data from an extensive study of rabies in a Colorado population of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to elucidate general maintenance mechanisms. We propose that life history patterns of many species of temperate-zone bats, coupled with sufficiently long incubation periods, allows for rabies virus maintenance. Seasonal variability in bat mortality rates, specifically low mortality during hibernation, allows long-term bat population viability. Within viable bat populations, sufficiently long incubation periods allow enough infected individuals to enter hibernation and survive until the following year, and hence avoid an epizootic fadeout of rabies virus. We hypothesize that the slowing effects of hibernation on metabolic and viral activity maintains infected individuals and their pathogens until susceptibles from the annual birth pulse become infected and continue the cycle. This research provides a context to explore similar host ecology and viral dynamics that may explain seasonal patterns and maintenance of other bat-borne diseases.
C1 [Georgea, Dylan B.; Webb, Colleen T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Georgea, Dylan B.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Farnsworth, Matthew L.; Bowen, Richard A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Smith, David L.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
[Smith, David L.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
[O'Shea, Thomas J.; Stanley, Thomas R.; Ellison, Laura E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Georgea, DB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM dylangeorge@gmail.com
RI Smith, David/L-8850-2013
OI Smith, David/0000-0003-4367-3849
FU National Science Foundation [EF-0094959, DGE-0221595]; Science and
Technology Directorate in the Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty
International Center, National Institutes of Health; US Geological
Survey; Department of Defense
FX We are grateful for data from the Colorado Department of Public Health
and Environment. We thank state public health departments and diagnostic
laboratories for collecting primary data and staff at the Center for
Disease Control Rabies Program for data compilation. We acknowledge
support from National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease
Grant EF-0094959; the Research And Policy In Disease Dynamics program of
the Science and Technology Directorate in the Department of Homeland
Security; the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of
Health; and the US Geological Survey. Additional support was provided by
National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research
Training Fellowship DGE-0221595 and a Department of Defense Science,
Mathematics, and Research for Transformation (SMART) Fellowship (to
D.B.G.).
NR 37
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U1 2
U2 58
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD JUN 21
PY 2011
VL 108
IS 25
BP 10208
EP 10213
DI 10.1073/pnas.1010875108
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 780LK
UT WOS:000291857500040
PM 21646516
ER
PT J
AU Fletcher, LN
Hesman, BE
Irwin, PGJ
Baines, KH
Momary, TW
Sanchez-Lavega, A
Flasar, FM
Read, PL
Orton, GS
Simon-Miller, A
Hueso, R
Bjoraker, GL
Mamoutkine, A
del Rio-Gaztelurrutia, T
Gomez, JM
Buratti, B
Clark, RN
Nicholson, PD
Sotin, C
AF Fletcher, Leigh N.
Hesman, Brigette E.
Irwin, Patrick G. J.
Baines, Kevin H.
Momary, Thomas W.
Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin
Flasar, F. Michael
Read, Peter L.
Orton, Glenn S.
Simon-Miller, Amy
Hueso, Ricardo
Bjoraker, Gordon L.
Mamoutkine, Andrei
del Rio-Gaztelurrutia, Teresa
Gomez, Jose M.
Buratti, Bonnie
Clark, Roger N.
Nicholson, Philip D.
Sotin, Christophe
TI Thermal Structure and Dynamics of Saturn's Northern Springtime
Disturbance
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID 1990 EQUATORIAL DISTURBANCE; SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; ZONAL WINDS;
SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERE; CASSINI; ALBEDOS; STORM
AB Saturn's slow seasonal evolution was disrupted in 2010-2011 by the eruption of a bright storm in its northern spring hemisphere. Thermal infrared spectroscopy showed that within a month, the resulting planetary-scale disturbance had generated intense perturbations of atmospheric temperatures, winds, and composition between 20 degrees and 50 degrees N over an entire hemisphere (140,000 kilometers). The tropospheric storm cell produced effects that penetrated hundreds of kilometers into Saturn's stratosphere (to the 1-millibar region). Stratospheric subsidence at the edges of the disturbance produced "beacons" of infrared emission and longitudinal temperature contrasts of 16 kelvin. The disturbance substantially altered atmospheric circulation, transporting material vertically over great distances, modifying stratospheric zonal jets, exciting wave activity and turbulence, and generating a new cold anticyclonic oval in the center of the disturbance at 41 degrees N.
C1 [Fletcher, Leigh N.; Irwin, Patrick G. J.; Read, Peter L.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Hesman, Brigette E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Baines, Kevin H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Momary, Thomas W.; Orton, Glenn S.; Buratti, Bonnie; Sotin, Christophe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin; Hueso, Ricardo; del Rio-Gaztelurrutia, Teresa] Univ Basque Country, Escuela Tecn Super Ingenieros, Dept Fis Aplicada 1, Bilbao 48013, Spain.
[Flasar, F. Michael; Simon-Miller, Amy; Bjoraker, Gordon L.; Mamoutkine, Andrei] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Gomez, Jose M.] Fdn Esteve Duran, Barcelona, Spain.
[Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Fletcher, LN (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
EM fletcher@atm.ox.ac.uk
RI Fletcher, Leigh/D-6093-2011; Simon, Amy/C-8020-2012; Flasar, F
Michael/C-8509-2012; Bjoraker, Gordon/D-5032-2012; del Rio
Gaztelurrutia, Teresa/H-8831-2013;
OI Hueso, Ricardo/0000-0003-0169-123X; Fletcher, Leigh/0000-0001-5834-9588;
Simon, Amy/0000-0003-4641-6186; del Rio Gaztelurrutia,
Teresa/0000-0001-8552-226X; Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin/0000-0001-7355-1522;
Irwin, Patrick/0000-0002-6772-384X
FU Science and Technology Facilities Council; Spanish MICIIN (Spanish
Ministry of Science and Innovation) [AYA2009-10701, IT-464-07]; NASA
FX L.N.F. is supported by a Glasstone Science Fellowship at the University
of Oxford. We thank members of both the Cassini CIRS and VIMS teams for
their support in the analysis of Cassini data, and the director and
staff of the ESO VLT for their assistance with the execution of these
observations. This investigation was partially based on observations
acquired at the Paranal UT3/Melipal Observatory under ID 386.C-0096. We
are extremely grateful to all those observers contributing to the
International Outer Planets Watch Planetary Visual Observatory &
Laboratory (IOPW-PVOL), including T. Barry (Australia) for his
contribution to Fig. 1. The UK authors acknowledge the support of the
Science and Technology Facilities Council. A.S.L., R.H., and T.d.R. are
supported by the Spanish MICIIN (Spanish Ministry of Science and
Innovation) project AYA2009-10701 with FEDER and Grupos Gobierno Vasco
IT-464-07. G.S.O. is supported by grants from NASA to the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. L.N.F. performed the
optimal estimation retrievals on both ground-based and space-based data
sets and analyzed the results, and wrote the initial draft. B.E.H.,
G.L.B., and A.S.-M. designed the CIRS mapping observations; calibration
assistance was provided by A.M. T.W.M. and K.H.B. provided the VIMS
nightside spectra. G.S.O. supported ground-based VLT observations, and
A.S.-L., R.H., and T.d.R.-G. provided IOPW-PVOL images. J.M.G. provided
cylindrical mapping of IOPW-PVOL images. P.G.J.I. developed the optimal
estimation retrieval codes used in this study. All authors discussed the
results and commented on the manuscript.
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U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUN 17
PY 2011
VL 332
IS 6036
BP 1413
EP 1417
DI 10.1126/science.1204774
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 778FT
UT WOS:000291689000037
PM 21596955
ER
PT J
AU Llenos, AL
McGuire, JJ
AF Llenos, A. L.
McGuire, J. J.
TI Detecting aseismic strain transients from seismicity data
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID POINT-PROCESS MODELS; EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA;
TRANSFORM FAULTS; DAMAGE RHEOLOGY; KILAUEA-VOLCANO; IMPERIAL-VALLEY;
STRESS CHANGES; SAN-ANDREAS; SILENT SLIP
AB Aseismic deformation transients such as fluid flow, magma migration, and slow slip can trigger changes in seismicity rate. We present a method that can detect these seismicity rate variations and utilize these anomalies to constrain the underlying variations in stressing rate. Because ordinary aftershock sequences often obscure changes in the background seismicity caused by aseismic processes, we combine the stochastic Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model that describes aftershock sequences well and the physically based rate-and state-dependent friction seismicity model into a single seismicity rate model that models both aftershock activity and changes in background seismicity rate. We implement this model into a data assimilation algorithm that inverts seismicity catalogs to estimate space-time variations in stressing rate. We evaluate the method using a synthetic catalog, and then apply it to a catalog of M >= 1.5 events that occurred in the Salton Trough from 1990 to 2009. We validate our stressing rate estimates by comparing them to estimates from a geodetically derived slip model for a large creep event on the Obsidian Buttes fault. The results demonstrate that our approach can identify large aseismic deformation transients in a multidecade long earthquake catalog and roughly constrain the absolute magnitude of the stressing rate transients. Our method can therefore provide a way to detect aseismic transients in regions where geodetic resolution in space or time is poor.
C1 [McGuire, J. J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Llenos, A. L.] MIT Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Joint Program, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Llenos, A. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Llenos, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM allenos@usgs.gov
OI Llenos, Andrea/0000-0002-4088-6737
FU NSF EAR [0738641]; USGS NEHRP [G10AP00004]
FX We thank Y. Ogata and J. Zhuang for help with the ETAS modeling, R.
Lohman for providing the Obsidian Buttes slip model, and J. Lin for help
with the Coulomb calculations. Comments from and discussions with R.
Reves-Sohn, B. Hager, J. Lin, M. Cocco, B. Enescu, and an anonymous
reviewer helped improve the manuscript. We are also grateful for an
enlightening discussion about aftershock productivity with an anonymous
reviewer and Associate Editor David Marsan. The earthquake catalog was
obtained from the Southern California Earthquake Data Center. Map
figures were prepared using the Generic Mapping Tools software freely
distributed by Wessel and Smith [1998]. This work was supported by NSF
EAR grant 0738641 and USGS NEHRP grant G10AP00004.
NR 65
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD JUN 17
PY 2011
VL 116
AR B06305
DI 10.1029/2010JB007537
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 780BO
UT WOS:000291826400001
ER
PT J
AU Ruttenberg, BI
Hamilton, SL
Walsh, SM
Donovan, MK
Friedlander, A
DeMartini, E
Sala, E
Sandin, SA
AF Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.
Hamilton, Scott L.
Walsh, Sheila M.
Donovan, Mary K.
Friedlander, Alan
DeMartini, Edward
Sala, Enric
Sandin, Stuart A.
TI Predator-Induced Demographic Shifts in Coral Reef Fish Assemblages
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; SURGEONFISH ACANTHURUS-BAHIANUS; TROPHIC
CASCADES; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; PALMYRA-ATOLL; OCEAN; SIZE; COMMUNITIES;
PACIFIC; CONSEQUENCES
AB In recent years, it has become apparent that human impacts have altered community structure in coastal and marine ecosystems worldwide. Of these, fishing is one of the most pervasive, and a growing body of work suggests that fishing can have strong effects on the ecology of target species, especially top predators. However, the effects of removing top predators on lower trophic groups of prey fishes are less clear, particularly in highly diverse and trophically complex coral reef ecosystems. We examined patterns of abundance, size structure, and age-based demography through surveys and collection-based studies of five fish species from a variety of trophic levels at Kiritimati and Palmyra, two nearby atolls in the Northern Line Islands. These islands have similar biogeography and oceanography, and yet Kiritimati has similar to 10,000 people with extensive local fishing while Palmyra is a US National Wildlife Refuge with no permanent human population, no fishing, and an intact predator fauna. Surveys indicated that top predators were relatively larger and more abundant at unfished Palmyra, while prey functional groups were relatively smaller but showed no clear trends in abundance as would be expected from classic trophic cascades. Through detailed analyses of focal species, we found that size and longevity of a top predator were lower at fished Kiritimati than at unfished Palmyra. Demographic patterns also shifted dramatically for 4 of 5 fish species in lower trophic groups, opposite in direction to the top predator, including decreases in average size and longevity at Palmyra relative to Kiritimati. Overall, these results suggest that fishing may alter community structure in complex and non-intuitive ways, and that indirect demographic effects should be considered more broadly in ecosystem-based management.
C1 [Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.; Hamilton, Scott L.; Donovan, Mary K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL USA.
[Hamilton, Scott L.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Walsh, Sheila M.; Sandin, Stuart A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Donovan, Mary K.; Friedlander, Alan] Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[DeMartini, Edward] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Aiea, HI USA.
[Sala, Enric] Consejo Super Invest Cient, Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, Blanes, Spain.
[Sala, Enric] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC USA.
RP Ruttenberg, BI (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM ssandin@ucsd.edu
RI Ruttenberg, Benjamin/D-2556-2012
FU E. Scripps
FX This work was funded by E. Scripps and other anonymous donors
contributing money to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The
funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 56
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Z9 20
U1 1
U2 37
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 16
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 6
AR e21062
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0021062
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 778UW
UT WOS:000291734100049
PM 21698165
ER
PT J
AU Wong, CI
Banner, JL
Musgrove, M
AF Wong, Corinne I.
Banner, Jay L.
Musgrove, MaryLynn
TI Seasonal dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations driven by cave
ventilation: Implications for and modeling of speleothem paleoclimate
records
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID CENTRAL TEXAS; EDWARDS AQUIFER; TRACE-ELEMENTS; GEOCHEMISTRY;
VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; CHEMISTRY; GROWTH; WATERS; USA
AB A 4-year study in a central Texas cave quantifies multiple mechanisms that control dripwater composition and how these mechanisms vary at different drip sites. We monitored cave-air compositions, in situ calcite growth, dripwater composition and drip rate every 4-6 weeks. Three groups of drip sites are delineated (Groups 1-3) based on geochemical variations in dripwater composition. Quantitative modeling of mineral-solution reactions within the host carbonate rock and cave environments is used to identify mechanisms that can account for variations in dripwater compositions. The covariation of Mg/Ca (and Sr/Ca) and Sr isotopes is key in delineating whether Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations are dictated by water-rock interaction (i.e., calcite or dolomite recrystallization) or prior calcite precipitation (PCP). Group 1 dripwater compositions reflects a narrow range of the extent of water-rock interaction followed by varying amounts of prior calcite precipitation (PCP). Group 2 dripwater compositions are controlled by varying amounts of water-rock interaction with little to no PCP influence. Group 3 dripwater compositions are dictated by variable extents of both water-rock interaction and PCP. Group 1 drip sites show seasonal variations in dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca, whereas the other drip sites do not. In contrast to the findings of most previous dripwater Mg/Ca-Sr/Ca studies, these seasonal variations (at Group 1 drip sites) are independent of changes in water flux (i.e., rainfall and/or drip rate), and instead significantly correlate with changes in cave-air CO2 concentrations. These results are consistent with lower cave-air CO2, related to cool season ventilation of the cave atmosphere, enhancing calcite precipitation and leading to dripwater geochemical evolution via PCP. Group 1 dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca seasonality and evidence for PCP as a mechanism that can account for that seasonality, have two implications for many other regions where seasonal ventilation of caves is likely: (1) speleothem trace-element records may provide seasonal signals, and (2) such records may be biased toward recording climate conditions during the season when calcite is depositing. Additionally, we use our results to construct a forward model that illustrates the types of speleothem Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations that would result from varying controls on dripwater compositions. The model provides a basis for interpreting paleo-dripwater controls from high frequency Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations for speleothems from caves at which long term monitoring studies are not feasible. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wong, Corinne I.; Banner, Jay L.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Musgrove, MaryLynn] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA.
RP Wong, CI (reprint author), 1 Univ Stn,C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
EM corinnewong@mail.utexas.edu; banner@mail.utexas.edu; mmusgrov@usgs.gov
RI Banner, Jay/C-8676-2011;
OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864
FU EPA [FP916874]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0823665]; RET
supplemental Program [DGE-0638740]; Jackson School of Geosciences; Texas
Water Resources Institute; UT-Austin's Geology Foundation and
Environmental Science Institute; Geological Society of America; South
Central Texas Geological Society; [GK-12]
FX We thank the Wuest family and staff at Natural Bridge Caverns for access
to the cave and weather station data. Scientific input and assistance in
the field and laboratory were provided by Brian Vauter, Larry Mack, Eric
James, Brian Cowan, Mike Osborne, Sarah Pierson, Amber Guilfoyle, and
Lauren Greene. The manuscript benefited from comments provided by
Kathleen Johnson and two anonymous reviewers. This article was made
possible by EPA STAR fellowship number FP916874. Its contents are solely
the responsibility of the fellow and do not necessarily represent the
official views of the EPA. Support was also provided for by the National
Science Foundation's P2C2 Program (ATM-0823665) and GK-12 and RET
supplemental Program (DGE-0638740), the Jackson School of Geosciences,
Texas Water Resources Institute, UT-Austin's Geology Foundation and
Environmental Science Institute, the Geological Society of America, and
the South Central Texas Geological Society.
NR 33
TC 43
Z9 48
U1 2
U2 26
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN 15
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 12
BP 3514
EP 3529
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.025
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 796YD
UT WOS:000293088500013
ER
PT J
AU Myrow, PM
Strauss, JV
Creveling, JR
Sicard, KR
Ripperdan, R
Sandberg, CA
Hartenfels, S
AF Myrow, Paul M.
Strauss, Justin V.
Creveling, Jessica R.
Sicard, Karri R.
Ripperdan, Robert
Sandberg, Charles A.
Hartenfels, Sven
TI A carbon isotopic and sedimentological record of the latest Devonian
(Famennian) from the Western U.S. and Germany
SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Famennian; Chemostratigraphy; Hangenberg; Devonian; Dasberg Event
ID MARINE ANOXIC EVENTS; CARBONIFEROUS BOUNDARY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE;
GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; MASS EXTINCTION; SOUTH-AMERICA; EVOLUTION;
PALEOGEOGRAPHY; STRATIGRAPHY; ORIGINATION
AB New carbon isotopic data from upper Famennian deposits in the western United States reveal two previously unrecognized major positive isotopic excursions. The first is an abrupt similar to 3%. positive excursion, herein referred to as ALFIE (A Late Famennian Isotopic Excursion), recorded in two sections of the Pinyon Peak Limestone of north-central Utah. Integration of detailed chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data suggests that ALFIE is the Laurentian record of the Dasberg Event, which has been linked to transgression in Europe and Morocco. Sedimentological data from the Chaffee Group of western Colorado also record transgression at a similar biostratigraphic position, with a shift from restricted to open-marine lithofacies. ALFIE is not evident in chemostratigraphic data from age-equivalent strata in Germany studied herein and in southern Europe, either because it is a uniquely North American phenomenon, or because the German sections are too condensed relative to those in Laurentia. A second positive carbon isotopic excursion from the upper Chaffee Group of Colorado is recorded in transgressive strata deposited directly above a previously unrecognized paleokarst interval. The age of this excursion, and the duration of the associated paleokarst hiatus, are not well constrained, although the events occurred sometime after the Late Famennian Middle expansa Zone. The high positive values recorded in this excursion are consistent with those associated with the youngest Famennian Middle to Late praesulcata Hangenberg Isotopic Excursion in Europe, the isotopic expression of the Hangenberg Event, which included mass extinction, widespread black shale deposition, and a glacio-eustatic fall and rise. If correct, this would considerably revise the age of the Upper Chaffee Group strata of western Colorado. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Myrow, Paul M.] Colorado Coll, Dept Geol, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA.
[Strauss, Justin V.; Creveling, Jessica R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Sicard, Karri R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Ripperdan, Robert] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA.
[Sandberg, Charles A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Hartenfels, Sven] Univ Munster, Inst Geol & Paleontol, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
RP Myrow, PM (reprint author), Colorado Coll, Dept Geol, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA.
EM pmyrow@coloradocollege.edu
NR 81
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0031-0182
EI 1872-616X
J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL
JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.
PD JUN 15
PY 2011
VL 306
IS 3-4
BP 147
EP 159
DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.04.013
PG 13
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology
GA 787XN
UT WOS:000292410100005
ER
PT J
AU Vidale, JE
Hotovec, AJ
Ghosh, A
Creager, KC
Gomberg, J
AF Vidale, John E.
Hotovec, Alicia J.
Ghosh, Abhijit
Creager, Kenneth C.
Gomberg, Joan
TI Tiny intraplate earthquakes triggered by nearby episodic tremor and slip
in Cascadia
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE episodic tremor and slip; slow slip; triggered earthquakes
ID SLOW-SLIP; SUBDUCTION; JAPAN; FAULT
AB Episodic tremor and slip (ETS) has been observed in many subduction zones, but its mechanical underpinnings as well as its potential for triggering damaging earthquakes have proven difficult to assess. Here we use a seismic array in Cascadia of unprecedented density to monitor seismicity around a moderate 16 day ETS episode. In the 4 months of data we examine, we observe five tiny earthquakes within the subducting slab during the episode and only one more in the same area, which was just before and nearby the next ETS burst. These earthquakes concentrate along the sides and updip edge of the ETS region, consistent with greater stress concentration there than near the middle and downdip edge of the tremor area. Most of the seismicity is below the megathrust, with a similar depth extent to the background intraslab seismicity. The pattern of earthquakes that we find suggests slow slip has a more continuous temporal and spatial pattern than the tremor loci, which notoriously appear in bursts, jumps, and streaks.
C1 [Vidale, John E.; Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Vidale, JE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM vidale@uw.edu
RI Ghosh, Abhijit/E-3197-2010; Vidale, John/H-4965-2011;
OI Ghosh, Abhijit/0000-0002-0557-2839; Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X;
Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia/0000-0003-1917-0205
NR 24
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD JUN 15
PY 2011
VL 12
AR Q06005
DI 10.1029/2011GC003559
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 780BK
UT WOS:000291826000001
ER
PT J
AU Weinstein, Y
Yechieli, Y
Shalem, Y
Burnett, WC
Swarzenski, PW
Herut, B
AF Weinstein, Yishai
Yechieli, Yoseph
Shalem, Yehuda
Burnett, William C.
Swarzenski, Peter W.
Herut, Barak
TI What Is the Role of Fresh Groundwater and Recirculated Seawater in
Conveying Nutrients to the Coastal Ocean?
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; YUCATAN PENINSULA; DISCHARGE; WATER; SEA; BAY;
INPUTS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; DENITRIFICATION; MASSACHUSETTS
AB Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a major process operating at the land sea interface. Quantifying the SGD nutrient loads and the marine/terrestrial controls of this transport is of high importance, especially in oligotrophic seas such as the eastern Mediterranean. The fluxes of nutrients in groundwater discharging from the seafloor at Dor Bay (southeastern Mediterranean) were studied in detail using seepage meters. Our main finding is that the terrestrial, fresh groundwater is the main conveyor of DIN and silica to the coastal water, with loads of 500 and 560 mol/yr, respectively, per 1 m shoreline. Conversely, recirculated seawater is nutrient-poor, and its role is mainly as a dilution agent. The nutrient loads regenerated in the subterranean estuary (sub-bay sediment) are relatively small, consisting mostly of ammonium (24 mol/yr). On the other hand, the subterranean estuary at Dor Bay sequesters as much as 100 mol N/yr per 1 m shoreline, mainly via denitrification processes. These, and observations from other SGD sites, imply that the subterranean estuary at some coastal systems may function more as a sink for nitrogen than a source. This further questions the extent of nutrient contributions to the coastal water by some subterranean estuaries and warrants systematic evaluation of this process in various hydrological and marine trophic conditions.
C1 [Weinstein, Yishai; Shalem, Yehuda] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel.
[Yechieli, Yoseph; Shalem, Yehuda] Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel.
[Burnett, William C.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Shalem, Yehuda; Herut, Barak] Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, IL-31080 Haifa, Israel.
RP Weinstein, Y (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel.
EM weinsty@biu.ac.il
FU US-Israel BSF [2002381]; Israel Science Foundation [1527/2008]
FX We thank Y. Gertner, B.. Zeevi, and students from Bar-Ilan University,
who helped in the field, and Yael Segal and Lora Izraelov, who performed
the nutrient analyses. This study was funded through US-Israel BSF grant
2002381 and Israel Science Foundation grant 1527/2008.
NR 29
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 4
U2 54
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN 15
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 12
BP 5195
EP 5200
DI 10.1021/es104394r
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 774YH
UT WOS:000291422200021
PM 21612201
ER
PT J
AU Ackerman, JT
Eagles-Smith, CA
Herzog, MP
AF Ackerman, Joshua T.
Eagles-Smith, Collin A.
Herzog, Mark P.
TI Bird Mercury Concentrations Change Rapidly as Chicks Age: Toxicological
Risk is Highest at Hatching and Fledging
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; GAVIA-IMMER CHICKS; DOSE-RESPONSE; GREAT EGRETS;
STILT CHICKS; METHYLMERCURY; ACCUMULATION; EXCRETION; SURVIVAL; TISSUES
AB Toxicological risk of methylmercury exposure to juvenile birds is complex due to the highly transient nature of mercury concentrations as chicks age. We examined total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in blood, liver, kidney, muscle, and feathers of 111 Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri), 69 black-necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus), and 43 American avocet (Recurvirostra americana) chicks as they aged from hatching through postfledging at wetlands that had either low or high mercury contamination in San Francisco Bay, California. For each water-bird species, internal tissue, and wetland, total mercury and methylmercury concentrations changed rapidly as chicks aged and exhibited a quadratic, U-shaped pattern from hatching through postfledging. Mercury concentrations were highest immediately after hatching, due to maternally deposited mercury in eggs, then rapidly declined as chicks aged and diluted their mercury body burden through growth in size and mercury depuration into growing feathers. Mercury concentrations then increased during fledging when mass gain and feather growth slowed, while chicks continued to acquire dietary mercury. In contrast to mercury in internal tissues, mercury concentrations in chick feathers were highly variable and declined linearly with age. For 58 recaptured Forster's tern chicks, the proportional change in bloodmercury concentration was negatively related to the proportional change in body mass, but not to the amount of feathers or wing length. Thus, mercury concentrations declined more in chicks that gained more mass between sampling events. The U-shaped pattern of mercury concentrations from hatching to fledging indicates that juvenile birds may be at highest risk to methylmercury toxicity shortly after hatching when maternally deposited mercury concentrations are still high and again after fledging when opportunities for mass dilution and mercury excretion into feathers are limited.
C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Herzog, Mark P.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM jackerman@usgs.gov
OI Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835; Eagles-Smith,
Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285
FU CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program; USGS Western Ecological Research
Center
FX This research was funded by the CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program and
USGS Western Ecological Research Center. We thank the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, Don Edwards
San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, and Eden Landing Ecological
Reserve for logistical support; T. Adelsbach, S. Stoner-Duncan, C.
Strong, T. Maurer, and many others for assistance; and Gary Heinz and
Mark Ricca for manuscript review. The use of trade, product, or firm
names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 25
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 7
U2 31
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN 15
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 12
BP 5418
EP 5425
DI 10.1021/es200647g
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 774YH
UT WOS:000291422200052
PM 21591754
ER
PT J
AU Schmidt, SK
Cleveland, CC
Nemergut, DR
Reed, SC
King, AJ
Sowell, P
AF Schmidt, S. K.
Cleveland, C. C.
Nemergut, D. R.
Reed, S. C.
King, A. J.
Sowell, P.
TI Estimating phosphorus availability for microbial growth in an emerging
landscape
SO GEODERMA
LA English
DT Article
DE Biological weathering; Phosphorus limitation
ID NUTRIENT LIMITATION; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; SOIL DEVELOPMENT; BIOMASS;
PHOSPHATE; KINETICS; FRACTIONATION; ECOSYSTEMS; SUCCESSION; ELEVATION
AB Estimating phosphorus (P) availability is difficult particularly in infertile soils such as those exposed after glacial recession because standard P extraction methods may not mimic biological acquisition pathways. We developed an approach, based on microbial CO(2) production kinetics and conserved carbon:phosphorus (C:P) ratios, to estimate the amount of P available for microbial growth in soils and compared this method to traditional, operationally-defined indicators of P availability. Along a primary succession gradient in the High Andes of Peru, P additions stimulated the growth-related (logistic) kinetics of glutamate mineralization in soils that had been deglaciated from 0 to 5 years suggesting that microbial growth was limited by soil P availability. We then used a logistic model to estimate the amount of C incorporated into biomass in P-limited soils, allowing us to estimate total microbial P uptake based on a conservative C:P ratio of 28:1 (mass:mass). Using this approach, we estimated that there was <1 mu g/g of microbial-available P in recently de-glaciated soils in both years of this study. These estimates fell well below estimates of available soil P obtained using traditional extraction procedures. Our results give both theoretical and practical insights into the kinetics of C and P utilization in young soils, as well as show changes in microbial P availability during early stages of soil development. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Schmidt, S. K.; King, A. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cleveland, C. C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Nemergut, D. R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Reed, S. C.] SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
[Sowell, P.] Geomega, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
RP Schmidt, SK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM steve.schmidt@colorado.edu; cory.cleveland@cfc.umt.edu;
diana.nemergut@colorado.edu; sashacreed@gmail.com;
andrew.j.king@colorado.edu; preston.sowell@gmail.com
RI Schmidt, Steven/G-2771-2010; King, Andrew/C-3810-2012
OI Schmidt, Steven/0000-0002-9175-2085; King, Andrew/0000-0002-1348-7984
FU National Science Foundation; National Geographic Society Committee for
Research and Exploration
FX We thank Amy Miller, Anton Seimon, Karina Yager, Stephan Halloy and
Peter Smith for assistance in the field. This work was supported by
grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Geographic
Society Committee for Research and Exploration. Any use of trade names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
U.S. government.
NR 34
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0016-7061
J9 GEODERMA
JI Geoderma
PD JUN 15
PY 2011
VL 163
IS 1-2
BP 135
EP 140
DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.04.014
PG 6
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 776WV
UT WOS:000291571900015
ER
PT J
AU Oppenheimer, C
Moretti, R
Kyle, PR
Eschenbacher, A
Lowenstern, JB
Hervig, RL
Dunbar, NW
AF Oppenheimer, Clive
Moretti, Roberto
Kyle, Philip R.
Eschenbacher, Al
Lowenstern, Jacob B.
Hervig, Richard L.
Dunbar, Nelia W.
TI Mantle to surface degassing of alkalic magmas at Erebus volcano,
Antarctica
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE CO2 fluxing; degassing; Strombolian eruptions; lava lake; melt
inclusions; redox
ID OXIDATION-STATE; SILICATE MELTS; RIFT SYSTEM; ROSS SEA; GAS EMISSIONS;
MOUNT EREBUS; MODEL; DYNAMICS; WEST; GEOCHEMISTRY
AB Continental intraplate volcanoes, such as Erebus volcano, Antarctica, are associated with extensional tectonics, mantle upwelling and high heat flow. Typically, erupted magmas are alkaline and rich in volatiles (especially CO2), inherited from low degrees of partial melting of mantle sources. We examine the degassing of the magmatic system at Erebus volcano using melt inclusion data and high temporal resolution open-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements of gas emissions from the active lava lake. Remarkably different gas signatures are associated with passive and explosive gas emissions, representative of volatile contents and redox conditions that reveal contrasting shallow and deep degassing sources. We show that this unexpected degassing signature provides a unique probe for magma differentiation and transfer of CO2-rich oxidised fluids from the mantle to the surface, and evaluate how these processes operate in time and space. Extensive crystallisation driven by CO2 fluxing is responsible for isobaric fractionation of parental basanite magmas close to their source depth. Magma deeper than 4 kbar equilibrates under vapour-buffered conditions. At shallower depths, CO2-rich fluids accumulate and are then released either via convection-driven, open-system gas loss or as closed-system slugs that ascend and result in Strombolian eruptions in the lava lake. The open-system gases have a reduced state (below the QFM buffer) whereas the closed-system gases preserve their deep oxidised signatures (close to the NNO buffer). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Oppenheimer, Clive] Inst Adv Studies, Orleans, France.
[Oppenheimer, Clive] Inst Adv Studies, Tours, France.
[Oppenheimer, Clive] Univ Orleans, Inst Sci Terre Orleans, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.
[Oppenheimer, Clive] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England.
[Moretti, Roberto] Univ Naples 2, Ctr Interdipartimentale Ric Ingn Ambientale CIRIA, I-80131 Aversa, CE, Italy.
[Moretti, Roberto] Univ Naples 2, Dipartimento Ingn Civile, I-80131 Aversa, CE, Italy.
[Moretti, Roberto] Sez Osservatorio Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-80124 Naples, Italy.
[Kyle, Philip R.; Eschenbacher, Al] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[Lowenstern, Jacob B.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Hervig, Richard L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Dunbar, Nelia W.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
RP Oppenheimer, C (reprint author), Inst Adv Studies, Orleans, France.
EM co200@cam.ac.uk
RI NCEO, COMET+`/A-3443-2013; Oppenheimer, Clive/G-9881-2013;
OI Oppenheimer, Clive/0000-0003-4506-7260; Lowenstern,
Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779; Moretti, Roberto/0000-0003-2031-5192
FU Office of Polar Programs (National Science Foundation) [ANT-0538414,
ANT-0838817]; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council; NERC National
Centre for Earth Observation; European Regional Development Fund;
Ministry of University and Research of the Italian Government
FX Fieldwork was supported by grantsANT-0538414 and ANT-0838817 from the
Office of Polar Programs (National Science Foundation). CO thanks the
Leverhulme Trust for a Fellowship, and the European Research Council
(DEMONS project) and NERC National Centre for Earth Observation for
funding. Le Studium receives support from the European Regional
Development Fund. RM acknowledges financial support from PRIN 2007 funds
of the Ministry of University and Research of the Italian Government. We
thank Bruno Scaillet and Michel Pichavant for discussions, Don Mullally
and Pete Zemek at MIDAC for FTIR support, Mike Burton for the infrared
retrieval code, and Bill McIntosh and Nelia Dunbar for collaboration in
the fieldwork. We are very grateful to Jon Blundy and an anonymous
referee for comments that led to significant improvements to the
original manuscript, and to Richard Carlson for his editorial
supervision and advice.
NR 61
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U1 2
U2 42
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD JUN 15
PY 2011
VL 306
IS 3-4
BP 261
EP 271
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.005
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 781CC
UT WOS:000291907200013
ER
PT J
AU Selkowitz, DJ
Stehman, SV
AF Selkowitz, David J.
Stehman, Stephen V.
TI Thematic accuracy of the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 land
cover for Alaska
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Accuracy assessment; Land cover classification; Alaska
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COMPLETION; DESIGN; SET
AB The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 Alaska land cover classification is the first 30-m resolution land cover product available covering the entire state of Alaska. The accuracy assessment of the NLCD 2001 Alaska land cover classification employed a geographically stratified three-stage sampling design to select the reference sample of pixels. Reference land cover class labels were determined via fixed wing aircraft, as the high resolution imagery used for determining the reference land cover classification in the conterminous U.S. was not available for most of Alaska. Overall thematic accuracy for the Alaska NLCD was 76.2% (se. 2.8%) at Level II (12 classes evaluated) and 83.9% (se. 2.1%) at Level I (6 classes evaluated) when agreement was defined as a match between the map class and either the primary or alternate reference class label. When agreement was defined as a match between the map class and primary reference label only, overall accuracy was 59.4% at Level II and 69.3% at Level I. The majority of classification errors occurred at Level I of the classification hierarchy (i.e., misclassifications were generally to a different Level I class, not to a Level II class within the same Level I class). Classification accuracy was higher for more abundant land cover classes and for pixels located in the interior of homogeneous land cover patches. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Selkowitz, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
RP Selkowitz, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM dselkowitz@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey (USGS)
FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Geographic
Analysis and Monitoring Program. We gratefully acknowledge Jim Wickham
of the Environmental Protection Agency and Alexa McKerrow of USGS for
providing initial reviews of the manuscript.
NR 19
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U1 1
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD JUN 15
PY 2011
VL 115
IS 6
BP 1401
EP 1407
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.01.020
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 756KX
UT WOS:000290011200010
ER
PT J
AU Mirus, BB
Ebel, BA
Heppner, CS
Loague, K
AF Mirus, Benjamin B.
Ebel, Brian A.
Heppner, Christopher S.
Loague, Keith
TI Assessing the detail needed to capture rainfall-runoff dynamics with
physics-based hydrologic response simulation
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID UNCHANNELED CATCHMENT; R-5 CATCHMENT; HETEROGENEOUS HILLSLOPES;
SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; SOIL-MOISTURE; FOREST ROAD; COOS-BAY; MODEL; STEEP;
FLOW
AB Concept development simulation with distributed, physics-based models provides a quantitative approach for investigating runoff generation processes across environmental conditions. Disparities within data sets employed to design and parameterize boundary value problems used in heuristic simulation inevitably introduce various levels of bias. The objective was to evaluate the impact of boundary value problem complexity on process representation for different runoff generation mechanisms. The comprehensive physics-based hydrologic response model InHM has been employed to generate base case simulations for four well-characterized catchments. The C3 and CB catchments are located within steep, forested environments dominated by subsurface stormflow; the TW and R5 catchments are located in gently sloping rangeland environments dominated by Dunne and Horton overland flows. Observational details are well captured within all four of the base case simulations, but the characterization of soil depth, permeability, rainfall intensity, and evapotranspiration differs for each. These differences are investigated through the conversion of each base case into a reduced case scenario, all sharing the same level of complexity. Evaluation of how individual boundary value problem characteristics impact simulated runoff generation processes is facilitated by quantitative analysis of integrated and distributed responses at high spatial and temporal resolution. Generally, the base case reduction causes moderate changes in discharge and runoff patterns, with the dominant process remaining unchanged. Moderate differences between the base and reduced cases highlight the importance of detailed field observations for parameterizing and evaluating physics-based models. Overall, similarities between the base and reduced cases indicate that the simpler boundary value problems may be useful for concept development simulation to investigate fundamental controls on the spectrum of runoff generation mechanisms.
C1 [Mirus, Benjamin B.; Ebel, Brian A.; Heppner, Christopher S.; Loague, Keith] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Mirus, BB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM bbmirus@usgs.gov
RI Ebel, Brian/A-2483-2011;
OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-6969-8967; Mirus, Benjamin/0000-0001-5550-014X;
Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963
FU Stanford UPS Endowment Fund; Stanford Graduate Fellowship; NSF
[EAR-0537410]
FX This work was supported in part by the Stanford UPS Endowment Fund, a
Stanford Graduate Fellowship, and NSF grant EAR-0537410. Thanks are owed
to Steve Burges and Bob Street for their thoughtful comments on a prior
version of this paper. We also appreciate the continued support of our
long-term colleague, Joel VanderKwaak.
NR 59
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Z9 20
U1 1
U2 27
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUN 11
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W00H10
DI 10.1029/2010WR009906
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 776UA
UT WOS:000291562500002
ER
PT J
AU Schumer, R
Jerolmack, D
McElroy, B
AF Schumer, Rina
Jerolmack, Douglas
McElroy, Brandon
TI The stratigraphic filter and bias in measurement of geologic rates
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EROSION RATES; ACCUMULATION RATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RANDOM-WALK;
SEDIMENTATION; COMPLETENESS; MODELS; DIFFUSION; SECTIONS; DEPOSITS
AB Erosion and deposition rates estimated from the stratigraphic record frequently exhibit a power-law dependence on measurement interval. This dependence can result from a power-law distribution of stratigraphic hiatuses. By representing the stratigraphic filter as a stochastic process called a reverse ascending ladder, we describe a likely origin of power-law hiatuses, and thus, rate scaling. While power-law hiatuses in certain environments can be a direct result of power-law periods of stasis (no deposition or erosion), they are more generally the result of randomness in surface fluctuations irrespective of mean subsidence or uplift. Autocorrelation in fluctuations can make hiatuses more or less heavy-tailed, but still exhibit power-law characteristics. In addition we show that by passing stratigraphic data backward through the filter, certain statistics of surface kinematics from their formative environments can be inferred. Citation: Schumer, R., D. Jerolmack, and B. McElroy (2011), The stratigraphic filter and bias in measurement of geologic rates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L11405, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047118.
C1 [Schumer, Rina] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Jerolmack, Douglas] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[McElroy, Brandon] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
RP Schumer, R (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
EM rina@dri.edu
RI McElroy, Brandon/E-9391-2010; Schumer, Rina/H-1179-2011
OI McElroy, Brandon/0000-0002-9683-4282; Schumer, Rina/0000-0001-6094-5637
FU NSF [EAR-0817073]; NCED under NSF [EAR-00120914]; NCED; UIUC Hydrologic
Synthesis [NSF EAR-0636043]
FX RS was supported by NSF grant EAR-0817073 and by NCED under NSF
EAR-00120914. We thank the STRESS working group cosponsored by NCED and
UIUC Hydrologic Synthesis (NSF EAR-0636043). The authors would like to
thank Greg Tucker, Vamsi Ganti, Kyle Straub, Andy Petter and an
anonymous reviewer for helpful comments.
NR 28
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U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 10
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L11405
DI 10.1029/2011GL047118
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 776NJ
UT WOS:000291541900001
ER
PT J
AU Ganju, NK
Jaffe, BE
Schoellhamer, DH
AF Ganju, Neil K.
Jaffe, Bruce E.
Schoellhamer, David H.
TI Discontinuous hindcast simulations of estuarine bathymetric change: A
case study from Suisun Bay, California
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE estuarine geomorphology; sediment transport; modeling; hindcasting
ID MODEL
AB Simulations of estuarine bathymetric change over decadal timescales require methods for idealization and reduction of forcing data and boundary conditions. Continuous simulations are hampered by computational and data limitations and results are rarely evaluated with observed bathymetric change data. Bathymetric change data for Suisun Bay, California span the 1867-1990 period with five bathymetric surveys during that period. The four periods of bathymetric change were modeled using a coupled hydrodynamic-sediment transport model operated at the tidal-timescale. The efficacy of idealization techniques was investigated by discontinuously simulating the four periods. The 1867-1887 period, used for calibration of wave energy and sediment parameters, was modeled with an average error of 37% while the remaining periods were modeled with error ranging from 23% to 121%. Variation in post-calibration performance is attributed to temporally variable sediment parameters and lack of bathymetric and configuration data for portions of Suisun Bay and the Delta. Modifying seaward sediment delivery and bed composition resulted in large performance increases for post-calibration periods suggesting that continuous simulation with constant parameters is unrealistic. Idealization techniques which accelerate morphological change should therefore be used with caution in estuaries where parameters may change on sub-decadal timescales. This study highlights the utility and shortcomings of estuarine geomorphic models for estimating past changes in forcing mechanisms such as sediment supply and bed composition. The results further stress the inherent difficulty of simulating estuarine changes over decadal timescales due to changes in configuration, benthic composition, and anthropogenic forcing such as dredging and channelization. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ganju, Neil K.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Jaffe, Bruce E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Schoellhamer, David H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM nganju@usgs.gov
RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014;
OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465
FU U.S Geological Survey; CALFED Bay/Delta Program; University of
California Center for Water Resources; CASCADE project (Computational
Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem)
[SCI-05-C01-84]
FX This study was supported by the U.S Geological Survey's Priority
Ecosystems Science program, CALFED Bay/Delta Program, and the University
of California Center for Water Resources. Use of ROMS and the CSTMS was
supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, with assistance from John
Warner. This article is contribution no. 14 to the CASCADE project
(Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta
Ecosystem, Project # SCI-05-C01-84). Any opinions, findings, and
conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of
the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CALFED
Science Program. The manuscript was greatly improved by the Editor and
anonymous reviewers.
NR 34
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U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0272-7714
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD JUN 10
PY 2011
VL 93
IS 2
BP 142
EP 150
DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.04.004
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 781CF
UT WOS:000291907500006
ER
PT J
AU Grovenburg, TW
Jacques, CN
Klaver, RW
DePerno, CS
Brinkman, TJ
Swanson, CC
Jenks, JA
AF Grovenburg, Troy W.
Jacques, Christopher N.
Klaver, Robert W.
DePerno, Christopher S.
Brinkman, Todd J.
Swanson, Christopher C.
Jenks, Jonathan A.
TI Influence of landscape characteristics on migration strategies of
white-tailed deer
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE forest cover; landscape; migration strategy; Minnesota; Odocoileus
virginianus; South Dakota; white-tailed deer
ID GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; NEW-ENGLAND COTTONTAILS; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS;
SOUTH-DAKOTA; HOME RANGES; MULE DEER; WINTER WEATHER; PREDATION;
SURVIVAL; MINNESOTA
AB A trade-off exists for migrating animals as to whether to migrate or remain residents. Few studies have documented relationships between landscape variables and deer migration strategies. From 2000 to 2007 we captured 267 adult female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at 7 study sites in Minnesota and South Dakota and monitored 149 individuals through >= 3 seasonal migration periods (585 deer-migration seasons). All deer classified as obligate migrators with >= 3 migrations (range 3-9 migration seasons) maintained their obligate status for the duration of the study. Multinomial logistic odds ratios from generalized estimating equations indicated that the odds of being a resident increased by 1.4 and 1.3 per 1-unit increase in forest patch density and mean area, respectively, compared to migrating deer. Odds of being an obligate migrator increased by 0.7 and 0.8 per 1-unit decrease in forest patch density and mean area, respectively, compared to resident or conditional migrating deer. Areas inhabited by resident deer were characterized by greater number of forest patches per 100 ha and larger mean forest patch area than conditional and obligate migrant areas. Odds of migrating increased by 1.1 per 1-unit increase in deer winter severity index. Migration behavior of white-tailed deer varied among regions, and land-cover and landscape characteristics provided predictive indicators of migration strategies for deer that could have important implications for conservation, metapopulation dynamics, and species management.
C1 [Grovenburg, Troy W.; Swanson, Christopher C.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Jacques, Christopher N.] Bur Sci Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA.
[Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[DePerno, Christopher S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Brinkman, Todd J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Brinkman, Todd J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.edu
RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Brinkman, Todd/B-3578-2013; Grovenburg,
Troy/K-3346-2012
FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [W-75-R-145, 75107, 75124];
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Safari Club International
(North Country Bowhunters Chapters); Bluffland Whitetails Association;
Cottonwood County Game and Fish League; Minnesota Bowhunters, Inc.;
Minnesota Deer Hunters Association (Bend of the River, Des Moines
Valley, Rum River, and South Metro chapters); Minnesota State Archery
Association; Whitetail Institute of North America; Department of
Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences at South Dakota State University
FX Funding was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (project
W-75-R-145, numbers 75107 and 75124) administered by South Dakota
Department of Game, Fish and Parks, Minnesota Department of Natural
Resources, Safari Club International (North Country Bowhunters
Chapters), Bluffland Whitetails Association, Cottonwood County Game and
Fish League, Minnesota Bowhunters, Inc., Minnesota Deer Hunters
Association (Bend of the River, Des Moines Valley, Rum River, and South
Metro chapters), Minnesota State Archery Association, Whitetail
Institute of North America, and the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries
Sciences at South Dakota State University. We thank K. V. Miller and W.
D. Walters for their insightful comments on earlier drafts of our
manuscript. We thank G. Djira, D. Anderson, and G. White for assistance
with statistical analyses. We thank the numerous volunteers for their
assistance capturing and monitoring animals. In addition, we thank all
the landowners that allowed access to their properties during our study.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government.
NR 76
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U1 3
U2 38
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD JUN 9
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 3
BP 534
EP 543
DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-407.1
PG 10
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 779DY
UT WOS:000291759500006
ER
PT J
AU Milakovic, B
Parker, KL
Gustine, DD
Lay, RJ
Walker, ABD
Gillingham, MP
AF Milakovic, Brian
Parker, Katherine L.
Gustine, David D.
Lay, Roberta J.
Walker, Andrew B. D.
Gillingham, Michael P.
TI Habitat selection by a focal predator (Canis lupus) in a multiprey
ecosystem of the northern Rockies
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE habitat selection; habitat use; predator-prey interaction; wolf
ID BANFF-NATIONAL-PARK; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RESOURCE SELECTION; WOODLAND
CARIBOU; WOLF HABITAT; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RECOLONIZING
WOLVES; HOME-RANGE; KILL SITES
AB Large predators respond to land cover and physiography that maximize the likelihood of encountering prey. Using locations from global positioning system collared wolves (Canis lupus), we examined whether land cover, vegetation productivity or change, or habitat-selection value for ungulate prey species themselves most influenced patterns of selection by wolves in a large, intact multiprey system of northern British Columbia. Selection models based on land cover, in combination with topographical features, consistently outperformed models based on indexes of vegetation quantity and quality (using normalized difference vegetation index) or on selection value to prey species (moose [Alces americanus], elk [Cervus elaphus], woodland caribou [Rangifer tarandus], and Stone's sheep [Ovis dalli stonei]). Wolves generally selected for shrub communities and high diversity of cover across seasons and avoided conifer stands and non-vegetated areas and west aspects year-round. Seasonal selection strategies were not always reflected in use patterns, which showed highest frequency of use in riparian, shrub, and conifer classes. Patterns of use and selection for individual wolf packs did not always conform to global models, and appeared related to the distribution of land cover and terrain within respective home ranges. Our findings corroborate the biological linkages between wolves and their habitat related to ease of movement and potential prey associations.
C1 [Milakovic, Brian; Parker, Katherine L.; Walker, Andrew B. D.; Gillingham, Michael P.] Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada.
[Gustine, David D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Lay, Roberta J.] Kenai Peninsula Borough, Spruce Bark Beetle Mitigat Program, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA.
RP Parker, KL (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada.
EM parker@unbc.ca
FU Muskwa-Kechika Advisory Board; Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation;
Northern Land Use Institute at the University of Northern British
Columbia; Northern Scientific Training Program
FX Financial support was provided by the Muskwa-Kechika Advisory Board, the
Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation, the Northern Land Use Institute
at the University of Northern British Columbia, and the Northern
Scientific Training Program. R. Woods of the British Columbia Ministry
of Environment radiocollared all animals, and G. Williams and M. Hammett
(guide outfitters) provided field support during data collection. This
manuscript benefited from comments by D. C. Heard, B. N. McLellan, R. A.
Powell, and 2 anonymous reviewers.
NR 77
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 6
U2 51
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-2372
EI 1545-1542
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD JUN 9
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 3
BP 568
EP 582
DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-040.1
PG 15
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 779DY
UT WOS:000291759500010
ER
PT J
AU Hawkes, LA
Balachandran, S
Batbayar, N
Butler, PJ
Frappell, PB
Milsom, WK
Tseveenmyadag, N
Newman, SH
Scott, GR
Sathiyaselvam, P
Takekawa, JY
Wikelski, M
Bishop, CM
AF Hawkes, Lucy A.
Balachandran, Sivananinthaperumal
Batbayar, Nyambayar
Butler, Patrick J.
Frappell, Peter B.
Milsom, William K.
Tseveenmyadag, Natsagdorj
Newman, Scott H.
Scott, Graham R.
Sathiyaselvam, Ponnusamy
Takekawa, John Y.
Wikelski, Martin
Bishop, Charles M.
TI The trans-Himalayan flights of bar-headed geese (Anser indicus)
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE exercise physiology; high altitude; satellite tracking; vertebrate
migration; climbing flight
ID HIGH-ALTITUDE; SATELLITE TRACKING; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; GOOSE;
ADAPTATION; BIRDS; PERFORMANCE; PHYSIOLOGY; EVOLUTION; WATERFOWL
AB Birds that fly over mountain barriers must be capable of meeting the increased energetic cost of climbing in low-density air, even though less oxygen may be available to support their metabolism. This challenge is magnified by the reduction in maximum sustained climbing rates in large birds. Bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) make one of the highest and most iconic transmountain migrations in the world. We show that those populations of geese that winter at sea level in India are capable of passing over the Himalayas in 1 d, typically climbing between 4,000 and 6,000min 7-8 h. Surprisingly, these birds do not rely on the assistance of upslope tailwinds that usually occur during the day and can support minimum climb rates of 0.8-2.2 km.h(-1), even in the relative stillness of the night. They appear to strategically avoid higher speed winds during the afternoon, thus maximizing safety and control during flight. It would seem, therefore, that bar-headed geese are capable of sustained climbing flight over the passes of the Himalaya under their own aerobic power.
C1 [Hawkes, Lucy A.; Bishop, Charles M.] Bangor Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales.
[Balachandran, Sivananinthaperumal; Sathiyaselvam, Ponnusamy] Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay 400001, Maharashtra, India.
[Batbayar, Nyambayar; Tseveenmyadag, Natsagdorj] Mongolian Acad Sci, Ulaanbataar 210351, Mongol Peo Rep.
[Butler, Patrick J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
[Frappell, Peter B.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Milsom, William K.; Scott, Graham R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, EMPRES Wildlife Hlth & Ecol Unit, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
[Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
[Wikelski, Martin] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany.
RP Bishop, CM (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales.
EM c.bishop@bangor.ac.uk
RI Hawkes, Lucy/C-8671-2009; Milsom, William/D-2977-2012; Batbayar,
Nyambayar/N-7066-2015
OI Batbayar, Nyambayar/0000-0002-9138-9626
FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) of the
United Kingdom [BB/F015615/1]; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology
FX The manuscript benefitted from constructive comments by M. Desholm.
Meteorological data from the SHARE Everest project
(http://www.share-everest.org) were generously provided by P. Bonasoni
and P Cristofanelli. This project is the result of a collaborative
effort between Bangor University, the Max Planck Institute for
Ornithology, the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, the University of
Birmingham, the University of British Columbia, the United Nations Food
and Agriculture Program, US Geological Survey, and the University of
Tasmania. The project was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological
Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) of the United Kingdom (Grant
BB/F015615/1) and supported by field teams in both India and Mongolia to
whom we are very grateful. All work was carried out under permit from
the relevant authorities in India and Mongolia. L. A. H. is supported by
a BBSRC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. Satellite tags were funded by
the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.
NR 36
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 9
U2 72
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD JUN 7
PY 2011
VL 108
IS 23
BP 9516
EP 9519
DI 10.1073/pnas.1017295108
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 773WE
UT WOS:000291341400043
PM 21628594
ER
PT J
AU Healy, RW
Bartos, TT
Rice, CA
McKinley, MP
Smith, BD
AF Healy, Richard W.
Bartos, Timothy T.
Rice, Cynthia A.
McKinley, Michael P.
Smith, Bruce D.
TI Groundwater chemistry near an impoundment for produced water, Powder
River Basin, Wyoming, USA
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Produced water; Coal-bed natural gas; Coal-bed methane; Selenium;
Impoundment; Powder River Basin
ID SALINE-SODIC WATERS; LAND APPLICATION; SOIL; GEOCHEMISTRY
AB The Powder River Basin is one of the largest producers of coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) in the United States. An important environmental concern in the Basin is the fate of the large amounts of groundwater extracted during CBNG production. Most of this produced water is disposed of in unlined surface impoundments. A 6-year study of groundwater flow and water chemistry at one impoundment, Skewed Reservoir, has produced the most detailed data set for any impoundment in the Basin. Data were collected from a network of 21 observation wells and three suction lysimeters. A groundwater mound formed atop bedrock within initially unsaturated, unconsolidated deposits underlying the reservoir. Heterogeneity in physical and chemical properties of sediments resulted in complex groundwater flow paths and highly variable groundwater chemistry. Sulfate, bicarbonate, sodium, and magnesium were the dominant ions in all areas, but substantial variability existed in relative concentrations; pH varied from less than 3 to more than 9, and total dissolved solids concentrations ranged from less than 5000 to greater than 100,000 mg/L. Selenium was a useful tracer of reservoir water; selenium concentrations exceeded 300 mu g/L in samples obtained from 18 of the 24 sampling points. Groundwater travel time from the reservoir to a nearby alluvial aquifer (a linear distance of 177 m) was calculated at 474 days on the basis of selenium concentrations. The produced water is not the primary source of solutes in the groundwater. Naturally occurring salts and minerals within the unsaturated zone, dissolved and mobilized by infiltrating impoundment water, account for most of the solute mass in groundwater. Gypsum dissolution, cation-exchange, and pyrite oxidation appear to be important reactions. The complex geochemistry and groundwater flow paths at the study site underscore the difficulty in assessing effects of surface impoundments on water resources within the Powder River Basin. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Healy, Richard W.; Rice, Cynthia A.; Smith, Bruce D.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[Bartos, Timothy T.] US Geol Survey, Ste B Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA.
[McKinley, Michael P.] US Bur Land Management, Salt Lake City, UT 84101 USA.
RP Healy, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 413,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM rwhealy@usgs.gov
NR 34
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD JUN 6
PY 2011
VL 403
IS 1-2
BP 37
EP 48
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.042
PG 12
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 776FR
UT WOS:000291520400004
ER
PT J
AU Ganju, NK
AF Ganju, Neil K.
TI A novel approach for direct estimation of fresh groundwater discharge to
an estuary
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID COASTAL WATERS; INPUTS; FLUX; BAY
AB Coastal groundwater discharge is an important source of freshwater and nutrients to coastal and estuarine systems. Directly quantifying the spatially integrated discharge of fresh groundwater over a coastline is difficult due to spatial variability and limited observational methods. In this study, I applied a novel approach to estimate net freshwater discharge from a groundwater-fed tidal creek over a spring-neap cycle, with high temporal resolution. Acoustic velocity instruments measured tidal water fluxes while other sensors measured vertical and lateral salinity to estimate cross-sectionally averaged salinity. These measurements were used in a time-dependent version of Knudsen's salt balance calculation to estimate the fresh groundwater contribution to the tidal creek. The time-series of fresh groundwater discharge shows the dependence of fresh groundwater discharge on tidal pumping, and the large difference between monthly mean discharge and instantaneous discharge over shorter timescales. The approach developed here can be implemented over timescales from days to years, in any size estuary with dominant groundwater inputs and well-defined cross-sections. The approach also directly links delivery of groundwater from the watershed with fluxes to the coastal environment. Citation: Ganju, N. K. (2011), A novel approach for direct estimation of fresh groundwater discharge to an estuary, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L11402, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047718.
C1 [Ganju, Neil K.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM nganju@usgs.gov
RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014;
OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465
FU USGS
FX Funding was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program.
Access to Mashapaquit Creek was allowed by Alan Rottenberg and Michael
Jackson. Patrick Dickhudt designed and fabricated the vertical CTD
array. Jon Borden, Jennifer Thomas, Lane Boyer, and Alex Nunez performed
tidal-cycle surveys with support from Marinna Martini and Christine
Sabens. Christopher Sherwood retrieved precipitation data and provided
motivation for the study. Kevin Kroeger, David Ralston, and John Warner
provided indispensable feedback on this study and manuscript. Finally,
Rocky Geyer provided the critical guidance needed to apply the methods
in a robust manner and was extremely generous with his time. Any use of
trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government.
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 4
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L11402
DI 10.1029/2011GL047718
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 773NY
UT WOS:000291315200002
ER
PT J
AU Hagerty, JJ
Lawrence, DJ
Hawke, BR
AF Hagerty, J. J.
Lawrence, D. J.
Hawke, B. R.
TI Thorium abundances of basalt ponds in South Pole-Aitken basin: Insights
into the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; MARE BASALTS; HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; SOURCE REGIONS;
VOLCANISM; MOON; PETROGENESIS; KREEP; APOLLO-14; SURFACE
AB Imbrian-aged basalt ponds, located on the floor of South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, are used to provide constraints on the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle. We use forward modeling of the Lunar Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer thorium data, to suggest that at least five different and distinct portions of the far side lunar mantle contain little or no thorium as of the Imbrian Period. We also use spatial correlations between local thorium enhancements and nonmare material on top of the basalt ponds to support previous assertions that lower crustal materials exposed in SPA basin have elevated thorium abundances, consistent with noritic to gabbronoritic lithologies. We suggest that the lower crust on the far side of the Moon experienced multiple intrusions of thorium-rich basaltic magmas, prior to the formation of SPA basin. The fact that many of the ponds on the lunar far side have elevated titanium abundances indicates that the far side of the Moon experienced extensive fractional crystallization that likely led to the formation of a KREEP-like component. However, because the Imbrian-aged basalts contain no signs of elevated thorium, we propose that the SPA impact event triggered the transport of a KREEP-like component from the lunar far side and concentrated it on the nearside of the Moon. Because of the correlation between basaltic ponds and basins within SPA, we suggest that Imbrian-aged basaltic volcanism on the far side of the Moon was driven by basin-induced decompressional melting.
C1 [Hagerty, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Hawke, B. R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Lawrence, D. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
RP Hagerty, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM jhagerty@usgs.gov
RI Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015
OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667
FU NASA [NNH07AF89I, NNH09AL42I]; Discovery Data Analysis Program
[W-7405-ENG-36, NNG05GC41G]; U. S. Department of the Interior
FX This work was supported by NASA through Planetary Mission Data Analysis
Program grants NNH07AF89I and NNH09AL42I (J.J.H., PI) and Discovery Data
Analysis Program grants W-7405-ENG-36 (D.J.L., PI) and NNG05GC41G (B. R.
H., PI). This work was conducted under the auspices of the U. S.
Department of the Interior. We thank Clive Neal and Noah Petro for
thorough reviews and David Vaniman for helpful discussions.
NR 63
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD JUN 3
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E06001
DI 10.1029/2010JE003723
PG 23
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 773PK
UT WOS:000291319000001
ER
PT J
AU Wolfe-Simon, F
Blum, JS
Kulp, TR
Gordon, GW
Hoeft, SE
Pett-Ridge, J
Stolz, JF
Webb, SM
Weber, PK
Davies, PCW
Anbar, AD
Oremland, RS
AF Wolfe-Simon, Felisa
Blum, Jodi Switzer
Kulp, Thomas R.
Gordon, Gwyneth W.
Hoeft, Shelley E.
Pett-Ridge, Jennifer
Stolz, John F.
Webb, Samuel M.
Weber, Peter K.
Davies, Paul C. W.
Anbar, Ariel D.
Oremland, Ronald S.
TI A Bacterium That Can Grow by Using Arsenic Instead of Phosphorus
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE
AB Life is mostly composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. Although these six elements make up nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids and thus the bulk of living matter, it is theoretically possible that some other elements in the periodic table could serve the same functions. Here, we describe a bacterium, strain GFAJ-1 of the Halomonadaceae, isolated from Mono Lake, California, that is able to substitute arsenic for phosphorus to sustain its growth. Our data show evidence for arsenate in macromolecules that normally contain phosphate, most notably nucleic acids and proteins. Exchange of one of the major bio-elements may have profound evolutionary and geochemical importance.
C1 [Wolfe-Simon, Felisa; Davies, Paul C. W.; Anbar, Ariel D.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Wolfe-Simon, Felisa; Blum, Jodi Switzer; Kulp, Thomas R.; Hoeft, Shelley E.; Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Gordon, Gwyneth W.; Anbar, Ariel D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Pett-Ridge, Jennifer; Weber, Peter K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Stolz, John F.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA.
[Webb, Samuel M.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Davies, Paul C. W.] Arizona State Univ, BEYOND Ctr Fundamental Concepts Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Anbar, Ariel D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RP Wolfe-Simon, F (reprint author), NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
EM felisawolfesimon@gmail.com
RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009
OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464
FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health, National Center
for Research Resources; DOE at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE OBER [SCW1039]; NASA Exobiology; NASA; NASA
Astrobiology Institute at the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA
FX The authors thank S. Benner, W. Hastings, I. L. ten Kate, A. Pohorille,
B. Rosen, D. Schulze-Makuch, and R. Shapiro for stimulating discussions.
We thank G. King, A. Oren, and L. Young for constructive criticisms of
earlier drafts of this manuscript and S. Baesman, M. Dudash, and L.
Miller for technical assistance. Cultures of GFAJ-1 were submitted to
the American Type Culture Collection and Deutsche Sammlung von
Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ) culture collections on 21 March
2011 and will be available from these sources within several months.
Until then, samples of GFAJ-1 are available to the community from the
Oremland lab upon completion of a materials transfer agreement, which is
required by the U.S. Geological Survey for the transfer of bacterial
cultures. Sequence data are deposited with GenBank (accession HQ449183).
Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron
Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), a division of SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Stanford University. The
SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Biological and Environmental
Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for
Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program. NanoSIMS analyses
were performed under the auspices of the DOE at Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. J.P.R. and P.K.W.
were supported in part by the DOE OBER Genomic Sciences program SCW1039.
R.S.O. and J.F.S. were supported by NASA Exobiology. F.W.S. acknowledges
support from the NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA
Astrobiology/Exobiology, and the NASA Astrobiology Institute while in
residence at the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA. The authors
declare no conflicts of interest.
NR 18
TC 163
Z9 170
U1 15
U2 297
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUN 3
PY 2011
VL 332
IS 6034
BP 1163
EP 1166
DI 10.1126/science.1197258
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 772BO
UT WOS:000291205200038
PM 21127214
ER
PT J
AU Wolfe-Simon, F
Blum, JS
Kulp, TR
Gordon, GW
Hoeft, SE
Pett-Ridge, J
Stolz, JF
Webb, SM
Weber, PK
Davies, PCW
Anbar, AD
Oremland, RS
AF Wolfe-Simon, Felisa
Blum, Jodi Switzer
Kulp, Thomas R.
Gordon, Gwyneth W.
Hoeft, Shelley E.
Pett-Ridge, Jennifer
Stolz, John F.
Webb, Samuel M.
Weber, Peter K.
Davies, Paul C. W.
Anbar, Ariel D.
Oremland, Ronald S.
TI Response to Comments on "A Bacterium That Can Grow Using Arsenic Instead
of Phosphorus"
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID HYDROLYSIS; KINETICS
AB Concerns have been raised about our recent study suggesting that arsenic ( As) substitutes for phosphorus in major biomolecules of a bacterium that tolerates extreme As concentrations. We welcome the opportunity to better explain our methods and results and to consider alternative interpretations. We maintain that our interpretation of As substitution, based on multiple congruent lines of evidence, is viable.
C1 [Wolfe-Simon, Felisa; Davies, Paul C. W.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Wolfe-Simon, Felisa; Blum, Jodi Switzer; Kulp, Thomas R.; Hoeft, Shelley E.; Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Gordon, Gwyneth W.; Anbar, Ariel D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Pett-Ridge, Jennifer; Weber, Peter K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Stolz, John F.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA.
[Webb, Samuel M.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Davies, Paul C. W.] Arizona State Univ, BEYOND Ctr Fundamental Concepts Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Anbar, Ariel D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RP Wolfe-Simon, F (reprint author), NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
EM felisawolfesimon@gmail.com
RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009
OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464
NR 30
TC 12
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 54
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUN 3
PY 2011
VL 332
IS 6034
DI 10.1126/science.1202098
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 772BO
UT WOS:000291205200029
ER
PT J
AU Reheis, MC
Urban, FE
AF Reheis, Marith C.
Urban, Frank E.
TI Regional and climatic controls on seasonal dust deposition in the
southwestern US
SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Meeting of the American Geophysical Union on Aeolian Dust - Transport
Processes, Anthropogenic Forces and Biogeochemical Cycling
CY DEC 14, 2009
CL San Francisco, CA
DE Dust deposition; Land use; Climate; Seasonality; Mojave Desert; Colorado
Plateau
ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; MOJAVE DESERT; UNITED-STATES; EOLIAN DUST; SOURCE
AREA; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; WIND EROSION; BLOWING DUST; CALIFORNIA; NEVADA
AB Vertical dust deposition rates (dust flux) are a complex response to the interaction of seasonal precipitation, wind, changes in plant cover and land use, dust source type, and local vs. distant dust emission in the southwestern U.S. Seasonal dust flux in the Mojave-southern Great Basin (MSGB) deserts, measured from 1999 to 2008, is similar in summer-fall and winter-spring, and antecedent precipitation tends to suppress dust flux in winter-spring. In contrast, dust flux in the eastern Colorado Plateau (ECP) region is much larger in summer-fall than in winter-spring, and twice as large as in the MSGB. ECP dust is related to wind speed, and in the winter-spring to antecedent moisture. Higher summer dust flux in the ECP is likely due to gustier winds and runoff during monsoonal storms when temperature is also higher. Source types in the MSGB and land use in the ECP have important effects on seasonal dust flux. In the MSGB, wet playas produce salt-rich dust during wetter seasons, whereas antecedent and current moisture suppress dust emission from alluvial and dry-playa sources during winter-spring. In the ECP under drought conditions, dust flux at a grazed-and-plowed site increased greatly, and also increased at three annualized, previously grazed sites. Dust fluxes remained relatively consistent at ungrazed and currently grazed sites that have maintained perennial vegetation cover. Under predicted scenarios of future climate change, these results suggest that an increase in summer storms may increase dust flux in both areas, but resultant effects will depend on source type, land use, and vegetation cover. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Reheis, Marith C.; Urban, Frank E.] US Geol Survey MS 980, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Reheis, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey MS 980, Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM mreheis@usgs.gov; furban@usgs.gov
NR 61
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 4
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1875-9637
EI 2212-1684
J9 AEOLIAN RES
JI Aeolian Res.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
SI SI
BP 3
EP 21
DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.03.008
PG 19
WC Geography, Physical
SC Physical Geography
GA 854WX
UT WOS:000297526600002
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, SP
Anderson, RS
Hinckley, ELS
Kelly, P
Blum, A
AF Anderson, Suzanne P.
Anderson, Robert S.
Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S.
Kelly, Patrick
Blum, Alex
TI Exploring weathering and regolith transport controls on Critical Zone
development with models and natural experiments
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; ROCK
AB The architecture of the Critical Zone, including mobile regolith thickness and depth to the weathering front, is first order controlled by advance of a weathering front at depth and transport of sediment at the surface. Differences in conditions imposed by slope aspect in the Gordon Gulch catchment of the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory present a natural experiment to explore these interactions. The weathering front is deeper and saprolite more decayed on north-facing than on south-facing slopes. Simple numerical models of weathering front advance, mobile regolith production, and regolith transport are used to test how weathering and erosion rates interact in the evolution of weathered profiles. As the processes which attempt are being made to mimic are directly tied to climate variables such as mean annual temperature, the role of Quaternary climate variation in governing the evolution of Critical Zone architecture can be explored with greater confidence. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Anderson, Suzanne P.; Anderson, Robert S.; Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S.; Kelly, Patrick] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Suzanne P.; Kelly, Patrick] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Blum, Alex] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Anderson, SP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Suzanne.anderson@colorado.edu
RI Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014
OI Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649
FU [NSF-0724960]
FX This work was supported by NSF-0724960. We thank S. Banwart and R. Fuge
for their reviews.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S3
EP S5
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.014
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100002
ER
PT J
AU Bern, CR
White, AF
AF Bern, Carleton R.
White, Arthur F.
TI A model for assessing, quantifying, and correcting for index element
mobility in weathering studies
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB Evidence shows that high field strength (HFS) elements commonly used to index chemical weathering are variably mobile. This mobility may be linked to redistribution of suspended solids. A mass-balance model is presented that can quantify such redistribution without assuming immobility for any single element. Two tropical weathering profiles on quartz diorite and basalt are examined and redistribution of the HFS elements Zr and Ti is documented, along with potential corrections for the resulting changes in measured concentrations. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Bern, Carleton R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[White, Arthur F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM cbern@usgs.gov
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S9
EP S11
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.016
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100004
ER
PT J
AU Brantley, SL
Buss, H
Lebedeva, M
Fletcher, RC
Ma, L
AF Brantley, S. L.
Buss, H.
Lebedeva, M.
Fletcher, R. C.
Ma, L.
TI Investigating the complex interface where bedrock transforms to regolith
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PUERTO-RICO; EROSION; MODEL
AB The interface where bedrock transforms to regolith is not planar but rather has a roughness that varies with the scale of observation. The complexity of this surface is manifested in both element-depth and fragment size-depth distributions and may sometimes be related to the longitudinal profiles of watershed streams. The fractal nature of the bedrock-regolith interface means that the interface has a "thickness" which is >20 m in two ridgetop examples from Pennsylvania and Puerto Rico. Such weathering thicknesses, modeled as a function of one-dimensional fluid flow, are affected by the balance between rates of weathering and erosion. One-dimensional models are consistent with weathering advance rates that vary with equilibrium solubility and porefluid velocities (and not reaction kinetics). However, fluid flow is not strictly downward and one-dimensional. Permeability of regolith changes as particle size and bulk density changes with depth. Thus, both downward and lateral flow occurs especially at reaction fronts where reactions change permeability. The rate of weathering advance is, therefore, affected by the 3-dimensional distribution of reaction zones that affect permeability across the watershed. Quantitative models of such phenomena over a range of spatial and temporal scales are needed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Brantley, S. L.; Lebedeva, M.; Fletcher, R. C.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Buss, H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Ma, L.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
RP Brantley, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, 2217 EES Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM brantley@eesi.psu.edu
RI Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER15675]; U.S. National Science
Foundation [EAR 0722476, EAR-0725019]
FX We acknowledge funding from U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER15675
for RCF, ML) and U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR 0722476 for HB
and EAR-0725019 for SLB, LM).
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S12
EP S15
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.017
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100005
ER
PT J
AU Campbell, KM
Davis, JA
Bargar, J
Giammar, D
Bernier-Latmani, R
Kukkadapu, R
Williams, KH
Veramani, H
Ulrich, KU
Stubbs, J
Yabusaki, S
Figueroa, L
Lesher, E
Wilkins, MJ
Peacock, A
Long, PE
AF Campbell, K. M.
Davis, J. A.
Bargar, J.
Giammar, D.
Bernier-Latmani, R.
Kukkadapu, R.
Williams, K. H.
Veramani, H.
Ulrich, K. -U.
Stubbs, J.
Yabusaki, S.
Figueroa, L.
Lesher, E.
Wilkins, M. J.
Peacock, A.
Long, P. E.
TI Composition, stability, and measurement of reduced uranium phases for
groundwater bioremediation at Old Rifle, CO
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID REDUCTION; U(VI)
AB Reductive biostimulation is currently being explored as a possible remediation strategy for U-contaminated groundwater, and is being investigated at a field site in Rifle, CO, USA. The long-term stability of the resulting U(IV) phases is a key component of the overall performance of the remediation approach and depends upon a variety of factors, including rate and mechanism of reduction, mineral associations in the subsurface, and propensity for oxidation. To address these factors, several approaches were used to evaluate the redox sensitivity of U: (1) measurement of the rate of oxidative dissolution of biogenic uraninite (UO(2(s))) deployed in groundwater at Rifle, (2) characterization of a zone of natural bioreduction exhibiting relevant reduced mineral phases, and (3) laboratory studies of the oxidative capacity of Fe(III) and reductive capacity of Fe(II) with regard to U(IV) and U(VI), respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Campbell, K. M.; Davis, J. A.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Campbell, K. M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Davis, J. A.; Williams, K. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bargar, J.; Stubbs, J.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Giammar, D.; Veramani, H.; Ulrich, K. -U.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Bernier-Latmani, R.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Kukkadapu, R.; Yabusaki, S.; Wilkins, M. J.; Long, P. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Ulrich, K. -U.] BGD Boden & Grundwasserlabor GmbH Dresden, D-01219 Dresden, Germany.
[Figueroa, L.; Lesher, E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Peacock, A.] Haley & Aldrich, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
RP Campbell, KM (reprint author), USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM kcampbell@usgs.gov
RI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011; Wilkins, Michael/A-9358-2013; Long,
Philip/F-5728-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Stubbs,
Joanne/F-9710-2013; Davis, James/G-2788-2015
OI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X; Long,
Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155;
Stubbs, Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009;
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S167
EP S169
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.094
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100047
ER
PT J
AU Clow, DW
Rhoades, C
Briggs, J
Caldwell, M
Lewis, WM
AF Clow, David W.
Rhoades, Charles
Briggs, Jennifer
Caldwell, Megan
Lewis, William M., Jr.
TI Responses of soil and water chemistry to mountain pine beetle induced
tree mortality in Grand County, Colorado, USA
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID FORESTS
AB Pine forest in northern Colorado and southern Wyoming, USA, are experiencing the most severe mountain pine beetle epidemic in recorded history, and possible degradation of drinking-water quality is a major concern. The objective of this study was to investigate possible changes in soil and water chemistry in Grand County, Colorado in response to the epidemic, and to identify major controlling influences on stream-water nutrients and C in areas affected by the mountain pine beetle. Soil moisture and soil N increased in soils beneath trees killed by the mountain pine beetle, reflecting reduced evapotranspiration and litter accumulation and decay. No significant changes in stream-water NO(3)(-) or dissolved organic C were observed; however, total N and total P increased, possibly due to litter breakdown or increased productivity related to warming air temperatures. Multiple-regression analyses indicated that % of basin affected by mountain pine beetles had minimal influence on stream-water NO(3)(-) and dissolved organic C; instead, other basin characteristics, such as percent of the basin classified as forest, were much more important. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Rhoades, Charles] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Briggs, Jennifer; Caldwell, Megan] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Lewis, William M., Jr.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Clow, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, MS 415 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM dwclow@usgs.gov
OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824
FU US Geological Survey; USDA Forest Service
FX Support for the study was provided by the US Geological Survey and USDA
Forest Service. Assistance with GIS analysis from Susan Stitt, and
reviews of the manuscript by Keelin Shaffrath and Sarah Stackpoole are
gratefully acknowledged.
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S174
EP S178
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.096
PG 5
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100049
ER
PT J
AU Dosseto, A
Buss, H
Suresh, PO
AF Dosseto, A.
Buss, Heather
Suresh, P. O.
TI The delicate balance between soil production and erosion, and its role
on landscape evolution
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID URANIUM-SERIES ISOTOPES; TRACE-ELEMENTS
AB The diversity in landscapes at the Earth's surface is the result, amongst other things, of the balance (or imbalance) between soil production and erosion. While erosion rates are well constrained, it is only recently that we have been able to quantify rates of soil production. Uranium-series isotopes have been useful to provide such estimates independently of erosion rates. In this study, new U-series isotope are presented data from weathering profiles developed over andesitic parent rock in Puerto Rico, and granitic bedrock in southeastern Australia. The site in Australia is located on a highland plateau, neighbouring a retreating escarpment where soil production rates between 10 and 50 mm/kyr have been determined. The results show that production rates are invariant in these two regions of Australia with values between 15 and 25 mm/kyr for the new site. Andesitic soils show much faster rates, about 200 mm/kyr. Overall, soil production rates determined with U-series isotopes range between 10 and 200 mm/kyr. This is comparable to erosion rates in soil-mantled landscapes, but faster than erosion in cratonic areas and slower than in alpine regions and cultivated areas. This suggests that soil-mantled landscapes maintain soil because they can: there is a balance between production and erosion. Similarly, thick weathering profiles develop in cratonic areas because, despite slow erosion rates, soil production is still significant. Bare landscapes in Alpine regions are probably the result of the inability of soil production to catch up with fast erosion rates, although this needs testing by U-series isotope studies of these regions. Finally, the range of production rates is up to several orders of magnitude lower than erosion rates in cultivated areas, demonstrating quantitatively the fast depletion of soil resources with common agricultural practices. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dosseto, A.] Univ Wollongong, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[Buss, Heather] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Suresh, P. O.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, N Ryde, NSW, Australia.
RP Dosseto, A (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
EM tonyd@uow.edu.au
RI Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013;
OI Dosseto, Anthony/0000-0002-3575-0106
FU Australian Research Council [FT0990447]; Macquarie University
FX We would like to thank the organizers of the Symposium of the
Geochemistry of the Earth's Surface (GES-9) for the opportunity to
present this work. We would also like to thank Barbara Jessup for
comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, as well as Francois
Chabaux, Sue Brantley, Arjun Heimsath, Lin Ma and Doug Burbank for
useful and inspiring discussions. Dosseto acknowledges an Australian
Research Council Future Fellowship. Suresh acknowledges a Macquarie
University Research Scholarship. This work was funded by an Australian
Research Council Future Fellowship grant FT0990447.
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S24
EP S27
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.020
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100008
ER
PT J
AU Goldhaber, MB
Mills, C
Stricker, CA
Morrison, JM
AF Goldhaber, M. B.
Mills, C.
Stricker, C. A.
Morrison, J. M.
TI The role of critical zone processes in the evolution of the Prairie
Pothole Region wetlands
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB The Prairie Pothole Region, which occupies 900,000 km(2) of the north central USA and south central Canada, is one of the most important ecosystems in North America. It is characterized by millions of small wetlands whose chemistry is highly variable over short distances. The study involved the geochemistry of surface sediments, wetland water, and groundwater in the Cottonwood Lakes area of North Dakota, USA, whose 92 ha includes the dominant wetland hydrologic settings. The data show that oxygenated groundwater interacting with pyrite resident in a component of surficial glacial till derived from the marine Pierre Shale Formation has, over long periods of time, focused SO(4)(2-) bearing fluids from upland areas to topographically low areas. In these low areas, SO(4)(2-) enriched groundwater and wetlands have evolved, as has the CaSO(4) mineral gypsum. Sulfur isotope data support the conclusion that isotopically light pyrite from marine shale is the source of SO(4)(2-). Literature data on wetland water composition suggests that this process has taken place over a large area in North Dakota. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Goldhaber, M. B.; Mills, C.; Stricker, C. A.; Morrison, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Goldhaber, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM mgold@usgs.gov
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S32
EP S35
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.022
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100010
ER
PT J
AU Goodfellow, BW
Hilley, GE
Schulz, MS
AF Goodfellow, B. W.
Hilley, G. E.
Schulz, M. S.
TI Vadose zone controls on weathering intensity and depth: Observations
from grussic saprolites
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID LONG-TERM; RATES; REGOLITH; EROSION; MODEL
AB An investigation of vadose zone weathering processes has been undertaken on grussic saprolites developed on Californian granitoids. Preliminary results indicate strong climatic control, through infiltration, on the depth and intensity of weathering. At sites with higher infiltration, the vadose zone is comprehensively altered to grussic saprolite and saprock. Conversely, lower infiltration sites display only thin grussic saprolites, strongly influenced by rock texture. Both vadose zone and weathering depth appear to be governed by local base level, and vadose zone hydrology exerts a fundamental control on the effective operation and relative dominance of the key weathering reactions. In zones of matrix permeability, oxidation of biotite comprehensively disaggregates the rock but results in little mass loss and clay mineral formation. Conversely, the higher transient flow rates that characterize zones of fracture permeability result in plagioclase hydrolysis, significant mass losses and accompanying clay mineral formation. A variable hydrological regime may also contribute to high partial pressures of O(2) in vadose zone pore waters and pore spaces, thereby enhancing the oxidative environment and further predisposing grussic saprolite formation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Goodfellow, B. W.; Hilley, G. E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Schulz, M. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Goodfellow, BW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM bgood@stanford.edu
OI Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S36
EP S39
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.023
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100011
ER
PT J
AU Holloway, JM
Goldhaber, MB
Mills, CT
AF Holloway, JoAnn M.
Goldhaber, Martin B.
Mills, Christopher T.
TI Carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry of a Prairie Pothole wetland,
Stutsman County, North Dakota, USA
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID TERM
AB The concentration and form of dissolved organic C (DOC) and N species (NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-)) were investigated as part of a larger hydrogeochemical study of the Cottonwood Lake Study Area within the Prairie Potholes region. Groundwater, pore water and surface wetland water data were used to help characterize the relationships between surface and groundwater with respect to nutrient dynamics. Photosynthesis and subsequent decomposition of vegetation in these hydrologically dynamic wetlands generates a large amount of dissolved C and N, although the subsurface till, derived in part from organic matter rich Pierre Shale, is a likely secondary source of nutrients in deeper groundwater. While surface water DOC concentrations ranged from 2.2 to 4.6 mM, groundwater values were 0.15 mM to 3.7 mM. Greater specific UV absorbance (SUVA(254)) in the wetland water column and in soil pore waters relative to groundwater indicate more reactive DOC in the surface to near-surface waters. Circumneutral wetlands had greater SUVA(254), possibly because of variations in vegetation communities. The dominant inorganic nitrogen species was NH(4)(+) in both wetland water and most ground water samples. The exceptions were 3 wells with NO(3)(-) ranging from 38 to 115 mu M. Shallow groundwater wells (Well 28 and Well 13S) with greater connection to wetland surface water had greater NH(4)(+) concentrations (1.1 mM and 120 mu M) than other well samples (3-90 mu M). Pore water nutrient chemistry was more similar to surface water than ground water. Nitrogen results suggest reducing conditions in both groundwater and surface water, possibly due to the microbial uptake of O(2) by decaying vegetation in the wetland water column, labile organic C available in shallow groundwater, or the oxidation of pyrite associated with the subsurface. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Holloway, JoAnn M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Mills, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Holloway, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D,Bldg 20, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jholloway@usgs.gov
RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012
OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S44
EP S47
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.025
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100013
ER
PT J
AU McCleskey, RB
Nordstrom, DK
Ryan, JN
AF McCleskey, R. Blaine
Nordstrom, D. Kirk
Ryan, Joe N.
TI Electrical conductivity method for natural waters
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CONDUCTANCE; SALINITY
AB A new method is presented for calculating the electrical conductivity of a wide range of natural waters including acid mine waters, geothermal waters, seawater, dilute mountain waters, and river water impacted by municipal wastewater. The method has several advantages over previously published methods. New electrical conductivity measurements for electrolytes commonly found in natural waters provide a basis for improved calculation of ionic molal conductivities. In addition, the method is coupled to a geochemical speciation model that is used to calculate the speciated concentrations required for accurate conductivity calculations. The method can be used to calculate the electrical conductivity of most natural water compositions and is accurate over a large range of effective ionic strengths (0.0004-0.7 m), temperature (0-95 degrees C), pH (1.0-9.8), and conductivity (30-70,000 mu S cm (1)). For the wide range of natural waters tested in this study, transport numbers were calculated and the ions that contribute significantly to the specific conductance were identified as H(+). Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), NH(4)(+), K(+), Cl , SO(4)(2-), HCO(3)(-), CO(3)(2-), F , Al(3+), Fe(2+), NO(3)(-) and HSO(4)(-). Transport numbers can also be used to better predict the concentrations of ions in natural waters. Another important application of the specific conductance method is checking the accuracy of water analyses by coupling charge imbalance and specific conductance imbalance. Either the major cation or anion concentrations for 50 different water samples were artificially adjusted and the constituent most likely in error was easily identified. Considering the importance of accurate chemical analyses, the ability to identify inaccurate determinations is critical. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [McCleskey, R. Blaine; Nordstrom, D. Kirk] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Ryan, Joe N.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP McCleskey, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E 127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM rbmccles@usgs.gov
RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012;
OI McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052
FU USGS
FX We would like to thank Kate Campbell and Greg Brown for their
constructive comments and reviews. This study would not have been
possible without the support of the National Research Program of the
USGS. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
Government.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S227
EP S229
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.110
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100063
ER
PT J
AU Mills, CT
Goldhaber, MB
Stricker, CA
Holloway, JM
Morrison, JM
Ellefsen, KJ
Rosenberry, DO
Thurston, RS
AF Mills, Christopher T.
Goldhaber, Martin B.
Stricker, Craig A.
Holloway, JoAnn M.
Morrison, Jean M.
Ellefsen, Karl J.
Rosenberry, Donald O.
Thurston, Roland S.
TI Using stable isotopes to understand hydrochemical processes in and
around a Prairie Pothole wetland in the Northern Great Plains, USA
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID DAKOTA
AB Millions of internally drained wetland systems in the Prairie Potholes region of the northern Great Plains (USA and Canada) provide indispensable habitat for waterfowl and a host of other ecosystem services. The hydrochemistry of these systems is complex and a crucial control on wetland function, flora and fauna. Wetland waters can have high concentrations of SO(4)(2-) due to the oxidation of large amounts of pyrite in glacial till that is in part derived from the Pierre shale. Water chemistry including delta(18)O(H2O), delta(2)H(H2O), and delta(34)S(SO4) values, was determined for groundwater, soil pore water, and wetland surface water in and around a discharge wetland in North Dakota. The isotopic data for the first time trace the interaction of processes that affect wetland chemistry, including open water evaporation, plant transpiration, and microbial SO(4) reduction. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Mills, Christopher T.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Stricker, Craig A.; Holloway, JoAnn M.; Morrison, Jean M.; Ellefsen, Karl J.; Rosenberry, Donald O.; Thurston, Roland S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Mills, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964,Bldg 20, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM cmills@usgs.gov
RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012; Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013;
OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668; Rosenberry,
Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641
NR 5
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 22
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S97
EP S100
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.040
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100028
ER
PT J
AU Morrison, JM
Goldhaber, MB
Ellefsen, KJ
Mills, CT
AF Morrison, Jean M.
Goldhaber, Martin B.
Ellefsen, Karl J.
Mills, Christopher T.
TI Cluster analysis of a regional-scale soil geochemical dataset in
northern California
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB A regional-scale soil geochemical study was conducted within a 22,000 km(2) area in northern California including the Sierra Nevada, Sacramento Valley, and northern Coast Range. Over 1300 soil samples were chemically analyzed for 42 elements. The distribution of distinct groups of elements demonstrates the interplay of geologic, hydrologic, geomorphologic and anthropogenic factors; however, it is difficult to fully appreciate the complexity of geochemical transport and weathering processes on a landscape-scale in an area of very complex geology with such a large dataset containing more than 40 variables. To examine the data from a perspective of multi-element groupings, cluster analyses were applied to the dataset. The analysis identified several groups of elements whose spatial patterns could be related to specific geologic sources. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Morrison, Jean M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Ellefsen, Karl J.; Mills, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Morrison, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jmorrison@usgs.gov
NR 6
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S105
EP S107
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.041
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100030
ER
PT J
AU Murphy, SF
Writer, JH
AF Murphy, Sheila F.
Writer, Jeffrey H.
TI Evaluating the effects of wildfire on stream processes in a Colorado
front range watershed, USA
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID FIRE
AB The impacts of a September 2010 wildfire on hydrologic and biogeochemical processes are being evaluated in a Colorado Front Range stream. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Murphy, Sheila F.; Writer, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Murphy, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM sfmurphy@usgs.gov
OI WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166
FU US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation (the Boulder Creek
Critical Zone Observatory) [0724960]
FX This study would not have been possible without the assistance of many
agencies and individuals, including Brian Ebel, Deborah Martin and John
Moody of the US Geological Survey, Donna Scott and Andrew Taylor of the
City of Boulder, Eric Schroder of the US Forest Service, and Boulder
County Parks and Open Space. Helpful reviews were provided by Robert
Stallard, Brian Ebel and Sarah Spaulding of the US Geological Survey.
Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey and by National Science
Foundation Grant #0724960 (the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory).
NR 11
TC 0
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U1 1
U2 17
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S363
EP S364
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.061
PG 2
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100106
ER
PT J
AU Resner, K
Yoo, K
Hale, C
Aufdenkampe, A
Blum, A
Sebestyen, S
AF Resner, Kathryn
Yoo, Kyungsoo
Hale, Cindy
Aufdenkampe, Anthony
Blum, Alex
Sebestyen, Stephen
TI Elemental and mineralogical changes in soils due to bioturbation along
an earthworm invasion chronosequence in Northern Minnesota
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB Minnesota forested soils have evolved without the presence of earthworms since the last glacial retreat. When exotic earthworms arrive, enhanced soil bioturbation often results in dramatic morphological and chemical changes in soils with negative implications for the forests' sustainability. However, the impacts of earthworm invasion on geochemical processes in soils are not well understood. This study attempts to quantify the role of earthworm invasion in mineral chemical weathering and nutrient dynamics along an earthworm invasion chronosequence in a sugar maple forest in Northern Minnesota. Depth and rates of soil mixing can be tracked with atmospherically derived short lived radioisotopes (210)Pb and (137)Cs. Their radioactivities increase in the lower A horizon at the expense of the peak activities near the soil surface, which indicate that soil mixing rate and its depth reach have been enhanced by earthworms. Enhanced soil mixing by earthworms is consistent with the ways that the vertical profiles of elemental and mineralogical compositions were affected by earthworm invasion. Biologically cycled Ca and P have peak concentrations near the soil surface prior to earthworm invasion. However, these peak abundances significantly declined in the earthworm invaded soils presumably due to enhanced soil mixing. It is clear that enhanced soil mixing due to earthworms also profoundly altered the vertical distribution of most mineral species within A horizons. Though the mechanisms are not clear yet, earthworm invasion appears to have contributed to net losses of clay mineral species and opal from the A horizons. As much as earthworms vertically relocated minerals and elements, they also intensify the contacts between organic matter and cations as shown in the increased amount of Ca and Fe in organically complexed and in exchangeable pools. With future studies on soil mixing rates and elemental leaching, this study will quantitatively and mechanically address the role of earthworms in geochemical evolution of soils and forests' nutrient dynamics. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Resner, Kathryn; Yoo, Kyungsoo] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Hale, Cindy] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA.
[Aufdenkampe, Anthony] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA.
[Blum, Alex] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Sebestyen, Stephen] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA.
RP Yoo, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM kyoo@umn.edu
RI Yoo, Kyungsoo/D-2463-2013; Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013
OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108
FU USDA
FX Thank you to Jim Barott (Chippewa National Forest), Rebecca D. Knowles,
Ph.D. (Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe), and Amy Lyttle (University of
Minnesota) for their field work. We also thank Cristina Fernandez
(University of Delaware) for her work earlier on the project. Thank you
to the USDA for funding to Yoo, Aufdenkampe and Hale.
NR 2
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 17
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S127
EP S131
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.047
PG 5
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100036
ER
PT J
AU Schulz, M
Stonestrom, D
Von Kiparski, G
Lawrence, C
Masiello, C
White, A
Fitzpatrick, J
AF Schulz, Marjorie
Stonestrom, David
Von Kiparski, Guntram
Lawrence, Corey
Masiello, Carrie
White, Art
Fitzpatrick, John
TI Seasonal dynamics of CO2 profiles across a soil chronosequence, Santa
Cruz, California
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE TERRACE CHRONOSEQUENCE; UNSATURATED ZONE; RESPIRATION; CARBON;
DEEP
AB Concentrations of CO2 in soil atmosphere and CO2 efflux were measured across a marine terrace soil chronosequence near Santa Cruz, California. Soil development, specifically the formation of an argillic horizon, has created a two-tier soil gas profile in the older terrace soils. The soil above the argillic horizon has seasonal variations in soil CO2 associated with plant respiration. The older soils with dense argillic horizons maintain a year round similar to 1%CO2 below the argillic horizon. The CO(2)efflux during the growing season is higher on the older terraces. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Schulz, Marjorie; Stonestrom, David; Lawrence, Corey; White, Art; Fitzpatrick, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Von Kiparski, Guntram] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
[Masiello, Carrie] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
RP Schulz, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mschulz@usgs.gov
RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011; Masiello, Caroline/A-2653-2011;
OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385; Masiello,
Caroline/0000-0003-2102-6229; Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S132
EP S134
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.048
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100037
ER
PT J
AU Smith, DB
Cannon, WF
Woodruff, LG
AF Smith, David B.
Cannon, William F.
Woodruff, Laurel G.
TI A national-scale geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils of the
conterminous United States
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID LANDSCAPES PROJECT; TRANSECTS; CANADA
AB In 2007, the US Geological Survey initiated a low-density (1 site per 1600 km(2), c. 4800 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils of the conterminous USA. The ideal sampling protocol at each site includes a sample from 0-5 cm depth, a composite of the soil A horizon, and a sample from the soil C horizon. The <2-mm fraction of each sample is analyzed for Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, S, Ti, Ag, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Te, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry following a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO(3), HClO(4) and HF. Separate methods are used for As, Hg, Se and total C on this same size fraction. The major mineralogical components are determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method. Sampling was completed in 2010 with chemical and mineralogical analysis currently underway. Preliminary results for a swath from the central USA to Florida clearly show the effects of soil parent material and climate on the chemical and mineralogical composition of soils. A sample archive will be established and made available for future investigations. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Cannon, William F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Woodruff, Laurel G.] US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55112 USA.
RP Smith, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM dsmith@usgs.gov
NR 6
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 17
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S250
EP S255
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.116
PG 6
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100069
ER
PT J
AU Stallard, RF
AF Stallard, Robert F.
TI Weathering, landscape, and carbon in four paired research watersheds in
eastern Puerto Rico
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID EROSION
AB The U.S. Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets Program in eastern Puerto Rico involves a double pair-wise comparison of humid-tropical montane streams on granitic bedrock and fine-grained volcaniclastic bedrock. For each bedrock type, one catchment is covered with mature rainforest, and the other catchment is affected by grazing, cropping, and minor urbanization. Biogeochemical budgets were monitored for fifteen years and included water, major dissolved constituents, nutrients, carbon, and sediment. To adjust for differences in runoff, the relation between annual runoff and annual yield were used to project the yields for all the rivers to an intermediate common runoff. Observed and adjusted rates of physical denudation greatly exceed rates expected for a dynamic equilibrium, except for the forested river on volcaniclastic bedrock. Deforestation and agriculture can explain the accelerated physical erosion in the two developed catchments. Something else, possibly climate or forest-quality change, must explain the excessive erosion in the forested river on granitic bedrock. Particulate organic carbon yields are closely linked to sediment yields, which are in turn, far in excess of equilibrium yields. This implies that much of the particulate carbon transport in the four rivers is being caused by enhanced erosion perhaps due to human activities or environmental change. Dissolved organic and inorganic carbon show a weak runoff signal, and there is no evidence of human perturbations to dissolved carbon production or silicate weathering in the four watersheds. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Stallard, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Ste E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM Stallard@usgs.gov
RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013
OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 21
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S370
EP S372
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.063
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100108
ER
PT J
AU Sundquist, ET
Ackerman, KV
Stallard, RF
Bliss, NB
AF Sundquist, Eric T.
Ackerman, Katherine Visser
Stallard, Robert F.
Bliss, Norman B.
TI Historical influence of soil and water management on sediment and carbon
budgets in the United States
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Sundquist, Eric T.; Ackerman, Katherine Visser] USGS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Stallard, Robert F.] USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Bliss, Norman B.] USGS EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Sundquist, ET (reprint author), USGS, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM esundqui@usgs.gov
RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013
OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S259
EP S259
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.118
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100071
ER
PT J
AU Writer, JH
Keefe, SK
Ryan, JN
Ferrer, I
Thurman, ME
Barber, LB
AF Writer, Jeffrey H.
Keefe, Steffanie K.
Ryan, Joseph N.
Ferrer, Imma
Thurman, Michael E.
Barber, Larry B.
TI Methods for evaluating in-stream attenuation of trace organic compounds
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; SURFACE WATERS; WASTE-WATER; BIODEGRADATION; ESTROGENS;
RIVER; FISH; DISRUPTION; FLUOXETINE; SEDIMENTS
AB Wastewater treatment plants are often the most substantial contributor of trace organic compounds including pharmaceuticals, steroidal hormones, and surfactants to surface waters. Studying stream reaches below wastewater treatment plants provide valuable information on the environmental persistence of these compounds. Three methods for conducting field investigations to evaluate in-stream attenuation of trace organic compounds are presented: (1) using intrinsic tracers in wastewater, (2) environmental sampling coupled with dye studies to assess travel times between sample locations, and (3) Lagrangian sampling. Advantages and limitations of each method are discussed, along with key findings from several investigations. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Keefe, Steffanie K.; Thurman, Michael E.; Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Writer, Jeffrey H.; Ryan, Joseph N.; Ferrer, Imma; Thurman, Michael E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Writer, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM jwriter@usgs.gov
RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008;
OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851; WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 21
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
SU S
BP S344
EP S345
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.071
PG 2
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 858HZ
UT WOS:000297788100100
ER
PT J
AU Fallacara, DM
Halbrook, RS
French, JB
AF Fallacara, Dawn M.
Halbrook, Richard S.
French, John B.
TI TOXIC EFFECTS OF DIETARY METHYLMERCURY ON IMMUNE FUNCTION AND HEMATOLOGY
IN AMERICAN KESTRELS (FALCO SPARVERIUS)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Methylmercury; Kestrel; Immunotoxicity; Hematology; Falco sparverius
ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; COMMON LOONS; MERCURY; LEUKOCYTE; EXPOSURE;
NEUTROPHILS; MORTALITY; RESPONSES; CHICKENS; WILDLIFE
AB Fifty-nine adult male American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were assigned to one of three diet formulations including 0 (control), 0.6, and 3.9 mu g/g (dry wt) methylmercury (MeHg). Kestrels received their diets daily for 13 weeks to assess the effects of dietary MeHg on immunocompetence. Immunotoxic endpoints included assessment of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) using the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin-swelling assay and primary and secondary antibody-mediated immune responses (IR) via the sheep red blood cell (SRBC) hemagglutination assay. Select hematology and histology parameters were evaluated to corroborate the results of functional assays and to assess immunosuppression of T and B cell-dependent components in spleen tissue. Kestrels in the 0.6 and 3.9 mu g/g MeHg groups exhibited suppression of CMI, including lower PHA stimulation indexes (p = 0.019) and a 42 to 45% depletion of T cell-dependent splenic lymphoid tissue (p = 0.006). Kestrels in the 0.6 mu g/g group exhibited suppression of the primary IR to SRBCs (p = 0.014). MeHg did not have a noticeable effect on the secondary IR (p = 0.166). Elevation of absolute heterophil counts (p < 0.001), the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.001), and total white blood cell counts (p = 0.003) was apparent in the 3.9 mu g/g group at week 12. Heterophilia, or the excess of heterophils in peripheral blood above normal ranges, was apparent in seven of 17 (41%) kestrels in the 3.9 mu g/g group and was indicative of an acute inflammatory response or physiological stress. This study revealed that adult kestrels were more sensitive to immunotoxic effects of MeHg at environmentally relevant dietary concentrations than they were to reproductive effects as previously reported. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1320-1327. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Fallacara, Dawn M.; Halbrook, Richard S.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
[French, John B.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA.
RP Fallacara, DM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA.
EM fallacarad@battelle.org
FU U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
[DW14939080013]; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern
Illinois University Carbondale
FX Financial support for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological
Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, through an interagency
agreement (DW14939080013) between the U.S. Geological Survey and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental
Assessment, and by the Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory,
Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Special thanks are extended to
Wayne C. Bauer for his care and expertise with respect to kestrel
husbandry and for his technical support in the field and to Daphne Y.
Vasconcelos for providing training and consultation regarding the
histological evaluations conducted in this investigation.
NR 36
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 19
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
EI 1552-8618
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1320
EP 1327
DI 10.1002/etc.494
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 766ZN
UT WOS:000290825200012
PM 21381084
ER
PT J
AU Fallacara, DM
Halbrook, RS
French, JB
AF Fallacara, Dawn M.
Halbrook, Richard S.
French, John B.
TI TOXIC EFFECTS OF DIETARY METHYLMERCURY ON IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN
NESTLING AMERICAN KESTRELS (FALCO SPARVERIUS)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Methylmercury; Kestrel; Immunotoxicity; Histology; Falco sparverius
ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; COMMON LOONS; MERCURY; FEATHERS; EXPOSURE;
MORTALITY; WILDLIFE; METALS; BLOOD
AB This study evaluated the effects of dietary methylmercury (MeHg) on immune system development in captive-reared nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) to determine whether T cell mediated and antibody-mediated adaptive immunity are targets for MeHg toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations. Nestlings received various diets, including 0 (control), 0.6, and 3.9 mu g/g (dry wt) MeHg for up to 18 d posthatch. Immunotoxicity endpoints included cell-mediated immunity (CMI) using the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin-swelling assay and antibody-mediated immune response via the sheep red blood cell (SRBC) hemagglutination assay. T cell- and B cell-dependent histological parameters in the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius were correlated with the functional assays. For nestlings in the 0.6 and 3.9 mu g/g MeHg groups, CMI was suppressed by 73 and 62%, respectively, at II d of age. Results of this functional assay were correlated with T cell-dependent components of the spleen and thymus. Dose-dependent lymphoid depletion in spleen tissue directly affected the proliferation of T-lymphocyte populations, insofar as lower stimulation indexes from the PHA assay occurred in nestlings with lower proportions of splenic white pulp and higher THg concentrations. Nestlings in the 3.9 mu g/g group also exhibited lymphoid depletion and a lack of macrophage activity in the thymus. Methylmercury did not have a noticeable effect on antibody-mediated immune function or B cell-dependent histological correlates. We conclude that T cell-mediated immunosuppression is the primary target of MeHg toward adaptive immunity in developing kestrels. This study provides evidence that environmentally relevant concentrations of MeHg may compromise immunocompetence in a developing terrestrial predator and raises concern regarding the long-term health effects of kestrels that were exposed to dietary MeHg during early avian development. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1328-1337. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Fallacara, Dawn M.; Halbrook, Richard S.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
[French, John B.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA.
RP Fallacara, DM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA.
EM fallacarad@battelle.org
FU U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
[DW14939080013]; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern
Illinois University Carbondale
FX Financial support for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological
Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, through an interagency
agreement (DW14939080013) between the U.S. Geological Survey and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental
Assessment, and by the Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory,
Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Special thanks are extended to
Wayne C. Bauer for his care and expertise with respect to kestrel
husbandry and for his technical support in the field and to Daphne Y.
Vasconcelos for providing training and consultation "regarding the
histological evaluations conducted in this investigation.
NR 34
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 23
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
EI 1552-8618
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1328
EP 1337
DI 10.1002/etc.519
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 766ZN
UT WOS:000290825200013
PM 21381090
ER
PT J
AU Kaeding, LR
Koel, TM
AF Kaeding, Lynn R.
Koel, Todd M.
TI Age, Growth, Maturity, and Fecundity of Yellowstone Lake Cutthroat Trout
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-BOUVIERI; ATLANTIC SALMON; RIVER; VALIDATION;
ECOSYSTEM; LENGTH; MODEL
AB Demographic data are sparse for Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri; YCT). Data for YCT in the spawning run (spring; 29 years) of a Yellowstone Lake tributary or caught in gill nets set (fall; 30 years) at established lake locations between 1977 and 2007 were examined. Female proportion in runs averaged 0.61 but was 0.48 among gillnetted "prespawner" YCT (i.e., mature fish whose excised gonads indicated the fish would have spawned the next year). Maturity proportion-total length (TL) relationships for gillnetted female and male YCT were logistic-shaped and similar in their inflection points; maturity onset occurred at 200-250 mm TL; similar to 95% of YCT >= 400 mm TL were mature and similar to 70% were prespawners. Fecundity was positively associated with YCT TL. Accuracy of scale-based YCT ages was affected by a frequently overlooked scale annulus and an inability to unequivocally identify fish of a single cohort on the basis of scale characteristics using associated, recognized ageing criteria for this population. Temporal differences in fits of a modified von Bertalanffy growth model to YCT TL at capture and scale-based age probably resulted from ageing errors evident among successive, annual scale analysts rather than differences in YCT growth. Nevertheless, when the age estimates of one, long-term analyst were used in analyses, the estimated growth parameters L(infinity) and omega were concordant with empirical observations of the maximum TL of YCT and TL of age-1 YCT in Yellowstone Lake, respectively. The demographic relationships and linking, parameterized growth model provide a useful foundation for age-structured population modeling.
C1 [Kaeding, Lynn R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Kaeding, Lynn R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Native Fishes Branch, Montana Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Koel, Todd M.] Ctr Resources Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA.
RP Kaeding, LR (reprint author), 669 Stonegate Dr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
EM KaedingL@aol.com
FU USFWS
FX We thank the many persons who contributed to this study. Pat Bigelow,
Glenn Boltz, Phil Doepke, Brian Ertel, Ann Rodman, Shannon Savage, and
Mariah Talbott helped assemble data or provided GIS assistance. Jim
Mogen prepared Figure 1. Kevin Meyer graciously provided the fecundity
data for YCT in Idaho streams. Pat Bigelow, Dan Goodman, Bob Gresswell,
Tom McMahon, Jim Robison-Cox, and John Sheppard provided important
suggestions that greatly aided development of the basis for this
manuscript, i.e., a chapter in Kaeding (2010). Kevin A. Meyer, Kyle A.
Young, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on
preceding versions of the manuscript. Beth Kaeding routinely contributed
her editorial skills to manuscript development. Funding for this study
was partly provided by the USFWS; important agency support and
encouragement were provided by Ron Skates and Mike Stempel.
NR 42
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 19
PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC
PI SEATTLE
PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE,
WA 98115 USA
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD SUM
PY 2011
VL 85
IS 3
BP 431
EP 444
PG 14
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 832PD
UT WOS:000295816100001
ER
PT J
AU DeHaan, PW
Brenkman, SJ
Adams, B
Crain, P
AF DeHaan, Patrick W.
Brenkman, Samuel J.
Adams, Brice
Crain, Patrick
TI Genetic Population Structure of Olympic Peninsula Bull Trout Populations
and Implications for Elwha Dam Removal
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHARR SALVELINUS-LEUCOMAENIS; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; SALMON
SALMO-SALAR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; LIFE-HISTORY; CONSERVATION GENETICS;
RIVER SYSTEM; CONFLUENTUS; PATTERNS; FRAGMENTATION
AB In the Elwha River, two hydroelectric dams constructed nearly a century ago fragment previously continuous habitat and isolate migratory bull trout. Removal of the dams is scheduled to begin in 2011, and represents an opportunity to help recover this threatened species. Large-scale disturbance is expected when accumulated sediments behind the dams are released downstream, which may initially negatively affect bull trout. To inform restoration planning, we investigated levels of genetic variation within and among bull trout populations from six Olympic Peninsula watersheds with an emphasis on the Elwha River. We determined genetic relationships among Elwha bull trout from four distinct river sections and performed population assignments for fish collected from the lower Elwha and Dungeness rivers. There were greater levels of variation and gene flow in coastal watersheds (Hoh, South Fork Hoh, Kalaloch) compared to populations isolated by dams (Elwha, North Fork Skokomish). Elwha bull trout represented an independent spawning population and were highly differentiated from other populations. Bull trout from the Elwha (n = 21) and Dungeness (n = 18) estuaries all assigned to the river they there were collected from. Despite long-term fragmentation, there was no significant genetic variation among Elwha bull trout separated by the dams, although fish from the Elwha headwaters were genetically distinct. Results suggest that bull trout still migrate downstream through both Elwha River dams and that anadromous bull trout will likely help to recolonize the Elwha River following dam removal. Baseline data from this study will be useful for monitoring bull trout recovery following dam removal.
C1 [DeHaan, Patrick W.; Adams, Brice] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
[Brenkman, Samuel J.; Crain, Patrick] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA.
RP DeHaan, PW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
EM patrick_dehaan@fws.gov
FU Olympic National Park; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX Funding for this project was provided by Olympic National Park and the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank Pat Connolly, Randy Cooper,
Steve Corbett, Jeff Duda, Chris Glenney, Phil Kennedy, Mike McHenry,
Raymond Moses, Jeremiah Nelson, Larry Ogg, Sonny Sampson, Nikki Sather,
and Anne Shaffer who assisted with the collection of samples used in
this study. We also thank Matt Diggs for providing laboratory assistance
and Denise Hawkins, Matt Smith, Patty Crandell, Jeff Duda, and two
anonymous reviewers for providing comments on earlier drafts of this
manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of
the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service or the National Park Service.
NR 53
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Z9 4
U1 1
U2 26
PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC
PI SEATTLE
PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE,
WA 98115 USA
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD SUM
PY 2011
VL 85
IS 3
BP 463
EP 475
PG 13
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 832PD
UT WOS:000295816100004
ER
PT J
AU Tabor, RA
Scheurer, JA
Gearns, HA
Mccoy, CM
AF Tabor, Roger A.
Scheurer, Julie A.
Gearns, Howard A.
McCoy, Charles M., III
TI Use of Nonnatal Tributaries for Lake-rearing Juvenile Chinook Salmon in
the Lake Washington Basin, Washington
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-THINNING RULE; HABITAT SELECTION; BROOK TROUT; STREAM; TURBIDITY;
SUCCESS; RIVER; DIET; FOOD
AB Ocean-type juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) can be present in the nearshore areas of Lake Washington and Lake Sammamish, WA for 4-5 months (January-June) and may encounter nonnatal tributaries. The use of these tributaries is not well known. We determined the presence of juvenile Chinook salmon in 12 tributaries through nighttime snorkel surveys from March to June. At one heavily-used tributary, we determined their temporal and spatial distribution by conducting surveys every two to three weeks from February to June. Additionally, we determined whether delta areas of tributaries are used by juvenile Chinook salmon by comparing their density and diet to other lakeshore sites. Of 12 streams surveyed, juvenile Chinook salmon were observed in eight. The abundance of Chinook salmon appeared to be related to a variety of factors including proximity to the natal stream, stream gradient, and stream size. In an intensively-monitored stream, juvenile Chinook salmon were found primarily in shallow areas in February and March and then shifted to deeper pools as juveniles increased in size. Within the lake nearshore area, juvenile Chinook salmon commonly used delta areas of nonnatal tributaries and their abundance was frequently greater than other nearby shoreline sites. Diet analysis indicated nonnatal streams are also a source of prey for lake-dwelling juvenile Chinook salmon, especially during rain events. Nonnatal tributaries in lake systems appeared to be valuable habitat features for juvenile Chinook salmon and can function in a variety of ways, including providing both stream and delta habitat.
C1 [Tabor, Roger A.; Scheurer, Julie A.; Gearns, Howard A.; McCoy, Charles M., III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA.
RP Tabor, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr SE,Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 USA.
EM roger_tabor@fws.gov
FU Seattle Public Utilities (SPU)
FX Scott Sanders, Daniel Lantz, Hwa Kim, Jonathan Hyde, Sergio Camacho,
Heather Tschaekofske, and Eric Bixler of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (USFWS) assisted with the field sampling. City of Renton and
Lake Sammamish State Park personnel provided logistical support with our
field sampling. We also thank Barbee Mill Company and other private
landowners for allowing us access to their property. Steve Dilley and
Scott Sanders, USFWS, assisted with the figures. The study was
financially supported by Seattle Public Utilities (SPU), and
administered by Keith Kurko and Julie Hall. Comments provided by Julie
Hall and Michele Koehler, SPU, and two anonymous reviewers greatly
improved earlier versions of this manuscript. The findings and
conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 5
PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC
PI SEATTLE
PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE,
WA 98115 USA
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD SUM
PY 2011
VL 85
IS 3
BP 476
EP 490
PG 15
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 832PD
UT WOS:000295816100005
ER
PT J
AU Wald, EJ
AF Wald, Eric J.
TI Osteophagy by the Grizzly Bear, Ursus arctos
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BLACK BEARS; ANTLER BONE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFORT; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; BIGHORN
SHEEP; AMERICANUS; PHOSPHORUS
AB A shed moose (Alces alces) antler eaten by a grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), which recently emerged from its winter den in western Alaska, contained 40.2% crude protein, 18.5% calcium and 8.5% phosphorous by dry weight. Bears emerging from dens could be experiencing skewed Ca:P ratios resulting in an appetite for bone phosphorus. Protein availability at this time of year in the Andreafsky Mountains may also be limiting. Antlers as part of bear diets may be seasonal, but can be a valuable source of minerals, especially Ca, P, and protein early after den emergence or other critical periods. Grizzly bears can obtain a valuable amount of nutrients by consuming the distal palm ends of shed moose antlers. Distal ends of antlers have thinner cortex where bone material is easier to break than at the antler base. In addition, the greater proportion of spongy bone in antler palms should be easier to digest by bears. The significance of shed antlers to bears as a mineral and protein source is still unclear, but antlers could be an important nutrient reserve across the landscape.
C1 [Wald, Eric J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA.
RP Wald, EJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA.
EM eric_wald@fws.gov
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U1 0
U2 7
PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC
PI SEATTLE
PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE,
WA 98115 USA
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD SUM
PY 2011
VL 85
IS 3
BP 491
EP 496
PG 6
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 832PD
UT WOS:000295816100006
ER
PT J
AU Rivera-Vargas, LI
Negron-Ortiz, V
AF Rivera-Vargas, L. I.
Negron-Ortiz, V.
TI Examining soilborne pathogens as causal agents of the decline of Torreya
taxifolia
SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Rivera-Vargas, L. I.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crops & Agroenvironm Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
[Negron-Ortiz, V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0031-949X
J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY
JI Phytopathology
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 6
SU S
BP S255
EP S255
PG 1
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 822KR
UT WOS:000295045401885
ER
PT J
AU Wenger, SJ
Isaak, DJ
Dunham, JB
Fausch, KD
Luce, CH
Neville, HM
Rieman, BE
Young, MK
Nagel, DE
Horan, DL
Chandler, GL
AF Wenger, Seth J.
Isaak, Daniel J.
Dunham, Jason B.
Fausch, Kurt D.
Luce, Charles H.
Neville, Helen M.
Rieman, Bruce E.
Young, Michael K.
Nagel, David E.
Horan, Dona L.
Chandler, Gwynne L.
TI Role of climate and invasive species in structuring trout distributions
in the interior Columbia River Basin, USA
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SUMMER STREAM TEMPERATURES; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT
TROUT; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAMS; BROOK TROUT; BULL TROUT; SALMO-TRUTTA;
BROWN TROUT; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; AIR-TEMPERATURE
AB Recent and projected climate warming trends have prompted interest in impacts on coldwater fishes. We examined the role of climate (temperature and flow regime) relative to geomorphology and land use in determining the observed distributions of three trout species in the interior Columbia River Basin, USA. We considered two native species, cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), as well as nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). We also examined the response of the native species to the presence of brook trout. Analyses were conducted using multilevel logistic regression applied to a geographically broad database of 4165 fish surveys. The results indicated that bull trout distributions were strongly related to climatic factors, and more weakly related to the presence of brook trout and geomorphic variables. Cutthroat trout distributions were weakly related to climate but strongly related to the presence of brook trout. Brook trout distributions were related to both climate and geomorphic variables, including proximity to unconfined valley bottoms. We conclude that brook trout and bull trout are likely to be adversely affected by climate warming, whereas cutthroat trout may be less sensitive. The results illustrate the importance of considering species interactions and flow regime alongside temperature in understanding climate effects on fish.
C1 [Wenger, Seth J.; Neville, Helen M.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
[Isaak, Daniel J.; Luce, Charles H.; Nagel, David E.; Horan, Dona L.; Chandler, Gwynne L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
[Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA.
[Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
RP Wenger, SJ (reprint author), Trout Unltd, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
EM swenger@tu.org
RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011; Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Fausch,
Kurt/A-8849-2010
OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662;
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Keystone Initiative for
Freshwater Fishes [2008-0087-000]
FX This work was funded by grant 2008-0087-000 of the National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation's Keystone Initiative for Freshwater Fishes. The
fish data used in this study were compiled from multiple sources,
including a previous database of sites in the range of westslope
cutthroat trout (Rieman et al. 1999), which included data from the Idaho
Fish and Game's General Parr Monitoring database and other sources.
Additional data used in this study were provided by Bart Gammett of the
Salmon-Challis National Forest; James Capurso of the Caribou-Targhee
National Forest; Mark Novak of the Bridger-Teton National Forest; Steven
Kujala of the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest; Joseph Benjamin,
formerly of the U.S.D.A. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station;
Hilda Sexauer of Wyoming Game and Fish; Kevin Meyer of Idaho Fish and
Game; and Brad Shepard of Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Sharon
Parkes of the U.S.D.A. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station
(RMRS) helped to develop the GIS coverages used in this analysis. Expert
advice over the course of the study was provided by Russ Thurow, John
Buffington, and Jim McKean of RMRS; Doug Peterson of the US Fish and
Wildlife Service; Dan Dauwalter and Jack Williams of Trout Unlimited;
Brad Shepard of Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; and Colden Baxter of
Idaho State University. Brian Cade of US Geological Survey provided
statistical advice. Alan Hamlet and Marketa McGuire Elsner of the
Climate Impacts Group performed the VIC hydrologic modeling used in this
study. This paper was substantially improved by reviews from Brad
Shepard, Dan Dauwalter, and three anonymous reviewers. Use of trade or
firm names in this manuscript is for reader information only and does
not imply endorsement of any product or service by the US government.
NR 108
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U1 9
U2 58
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
EI 1205-7533
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 6
BP 988
EP 1008
DI 10.1139/F2011-034
PG 21
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 813MF
UT WOS:000294370600004
ER
PT J
AU Darrah, AJ
Krementz, DG
AF Darrah, Abigail J.
Krementz, David G.
TI Habitat Use of Nesting and Brood-rearing King Rails in the Illinois and
Upper Mississippi River Valleys
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE brood; habitat use; Illinois; King Rail; Missouri; nesting; Rallus
elegans; survival
ID CATCH-CURVE; SURVIVAL; SELECTION; CALIFORNIA; SUCCESS; ALASKA; CHICKS;
MARSH
AB Most studies of King Rail (Rallus elegans) have investigated habitat use during the nesting season, while few comparisons have been made between the nesting and brood-rearing seasons. King Rails were located during the nesting season in Missouri using repeated surveys with call playback, and systematic searches for broods were conducted during the brood-rearing season. King Rail adults were located at twelve points in 2006 and 14 points in 2007, and five King Rail broods were located in each year. Water depth was measured and dominant cover type determined for randomly sampled 5-m plots within used and unused habitats. Logistic regression models were fitted to the data and top models were selected from the candidate set using AIC(c). Nesting adults occurred more often in areas dominated by short (<= 1 m) emergent vegetation ((beta) over cap = 0.77 +/- 0.27) and deeper water ((beta) over cap = 0.05 +/- 0.02). Broods occurred more often in areas dominated by short emergent vegetation ((beta) over cap = 1.19 +/- 0.37) and shallow water ((beta) over cap = -0.17 +/- 0.06), and avoided areas dominated by tall (>1 m) emergent vegetation ((beta) over cap = -1.15 +/- 0.45). A modified catch-curve analysis was used to estimate chick daily survival rates during selected 7-day periods for each year. Daily survival rate ranged from 0.92 +/- 0.008 in late June 2007 to 0.96 +/- 0.005 in late July 2006. Management plans for King Rails should include the different habitat types needed during the nesting and brood-rearing stages. Received 5 October 2010, accepted 9 December 2010.
C1 [Darrah, Abigail J.; Krementz, David G.] 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
RP Darrah, AJ (reprint author), 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
EM adarrah@uark.edu
FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Geological Survey
- Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
FX We thank C. E Chambers, D. Ellis, C. Gregory, K. A. Pursley, A. L.
Lagemann, J. Mabery, K. Dalrymple, B. Loges and M. Flaspholer for
logistical and field support. We thank N. Booth, D. Tecic, G. Blackmore,
T. Hobson, M. Sprenger, K. Manara and S. Duckworth for logistical
support. We thank C. A. Drew, W. R. Eddle-man, G. R. Huxel, E. E. Gbur,
C. P. Nadeau, M. W. Eichholz and three anonymous reviewers for reviewing
the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Webless Migratory Game Bird
Research Program of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the
United States Geological Survey - Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
Research Unit. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or
products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an
endorsement by the United States Government or the United States
Geological Survey.
NR 40
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 16
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 2
BP 160
EP 167
PG 8
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 797WH
UT WOS:000293160300004
ER
PT J
AU Lewis, TL
Flint, PL
Derksen, DV
Schmutz, JA
AF Lewis, Tyler L.
Flint, Paul L.
Derksen, Dirk V.
Schmutz, Joel A.
TI Fine Scale Movements and Habitat Use of Black Brant During the
Flightless Wing Molt in Arctic Alaska
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Black Brant; Branta bernicla nigricans; flightless molt; habitat
use; home range; movement rate; Teshekpuk Lake
ID GEESE ANSER-ANSER; GREYLAG GEESE; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; TESHEKPUK LAKE;
COASTAL-PLAIN; BRENT GEESE; HOME-RANGE; BODY-MASS; STAGING BRANT; SIZE
AB Thousands of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) migrate annually to the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA), Alaska, to undergo the flightless wing molt on tundra lakes and wetlands. GPS transmitters were attached to Brant over two summers (2007-2008) to examine patterns of movement and habitat use of molting Brant, including variation by habitat type, year and body mass. Molting Brant were located an average of 31 +/- 1 m (SE) from shore and this distance did not vary across any of the explanatory variables. Brant moved an average of 123 +/- 3 m hr(-1) while flightless. Movement rates varied by year, averaging 22 +/- 12 m hr(-1) faster in 2008, and across habitat types, averaging 22 +/- 13 m hr(-1) faster in inland versus coastal and estuarine habitats. Two kernel home ranges were estimated: entire home range, which encompassed the complete 95% probability contour, and shoreline home range, which included only shoreline areas used by molting Brant. Entire home range (x bar = 15.1 +/- 2.2 km(2)) was negatively correlated with body mass, suggesting that heavier individuals have more body reserves to contribute to feather growth and thereby require less food and smaller home ranges. Conversely, shoreline home range (x bar = 4.3 +/- 0.6 km(2)) did not vary by body mass, but rather by habitat type, being larger in estuarine habitats. The complex shorelines and numerous deltaic islands of estuarine habitats offer more shoreline per area than either coastal or inland habitats. Brant appear to have limited ability to adjust their home range size or forage further from shore in response to variable food resources across years or habitats, instead altering their movement rate. Given this apparent lack of behavioral flexibility, Brant may be sensitive to development-related disturbances or habitat losses at molt sites in the TLSA. Received 26 October 2010, accepted 11 March 2011.
C1 [Lewis, Tyler L.; Flint, Paul L.; Derksen, Dirk V.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Lewis, TL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 211 Irving 1 Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM tllewis@alaska.edu
OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993
FU Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
FX The Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science
Center, provided funding and assisted with logistics. D. Nigro provided
logistic support and helicopter management during captures. D. Douglas
developed our algorithm for estimating molt initiation. B. Bartzen
assisted with captures. R. Lanctot provided housing in Barrow. S.
Hamilton of Arctic Air Alaska provided aerial support. An anonymous
reviewer provided helpful comments. Use of trade, product or company
names is solely for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement
by the U.S. government. All procedures were approved by Alaska Science
Center's Animal Care and Use Committee, U.S. Geological Survey, under
protocol 06-SUP-02, and were authorized by U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service and Bureau of Land Management under permit number BLM AK
FF094979.
NR 50
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 18
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 2
BP 177
EP 185
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 797WH
UT WOS:000293160300006
ER
PT J
AU Davis, BE
Afton, AD
Cox, RR
AF Davis, Bruce E.
Afton, Alan D.
Cox, Robert R., Jr.
TI Factors Affecting Winter Survival of Female Mallards in the Lower
Mississippi Alluvial Valley
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Anas platyrhynchos; Arkansas; Louisiana; Mallard; Mississippi Alluvial
Valley; seasonal survival; radio-telemetry; winter
ID PLAYA LAKES REGION; NORTHERN PINTAILS; BODY CONDITION; HABITAT; DUCKS;
RATES
AB The lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (hereafter LMAV) provides winter habitat for approximately 40% of the Mississippi Flyway's Mallard (Anas platyrhynhcos) population; information on winter survival rates of female Mallards in the LMAV is restricted to data collected prior to implementation of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. To estimate recent survival and cause-specific mortality, rates in the LMAV, 174 radio-marked female Mallards were tracked for a total of 11,912 exposure days. Survival varied by time periods defined by hunting seasons, and females with lower body condition (size adjusted body mass) at time of capture had reduced probability of survival. Female survival was less and the duration of our tracking period was greater than those in previous studies of similarly marked females in the LMAV; the product-limit survival estimate (+/- SE) through the entire tracking period (136 days) was 0.54 +/- 0.10. Cause-specific mortality rates were 0.18 +/- 0.04 and 0.34 +/- 0.12 for hunting and other sources of mortality, respectively; the estimated mortality rate from other sources (including those from avian, mammalian, or unknown sources) was higher than mortality from non-hunting sources reported in previous studies of Mallards in the LMAV. Models that incorporate winter survival estimates as a factor in Mallard population growth rates should be adjusted for these reduced winter survival estimates. Received 7 May 2010, accepted 24 October 2010.
C1 [Davis, Bruce E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Cox, Robert R., Jr.] RC Store, Ipswich, SD 57451 USA.
RP Davis, BE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, 336 RNR Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM bdavi29@tigers.lsu.edu
FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Ducks Unlimited, Inc.;
USFWS; USGS-Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; School of
Renewable Natural Resources, Agricultural Center, Graduate School;
USGS-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Louisiana
State University
FX Financial and logistical support were provided by Louisiana Department
of Wildlife and Fisheries, Ducks Unlimited, Inc., USFWS, USGS-Northern
Prairie Wildlife Research Center, and the School of Renewable Natural
Resources, Agricultural Center, Graduate School and USGS-Louisiana
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Louisiana State
University. We thank C. Booth, M. Chouinard, S. Durham, D. Ellerman, G.
Gooding, A. Hammond, J. Hanks, R. Helm, J. Johnson, L. Lewis, K.
McCarter, T. Moorman, K. Ouchley and B. Strader for support. C. Coates,
J. Ferguson, P. Finley, M. Lyons, C. Odom, T. Michot and A. Nygren
piloted planes during aerial surveys. J. Rataczak provided artwork used
as a reward to hunters for information on recovered radio-marked
females. T. Arnold provided advice on model fitting. J. Moon, T.
Moorman, F. Rohwer and several anonymous reviewers provided comments on
the manuscript. We thank our crew of technicians, J. Bolenbaugh, J.
Denton, J. Rainbolt, A. Richardson, A. Sommerville, T. Watts and E.
Winters for their work.
NR 43
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 13
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 2
BP 186
EP 194
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 797WH
UT WOS:000293160300007
ER
PT J
AU Battaglin, W
Hay, L
Markstrom, S
AF Battaglin, William
Hay, Lauren
Markstrom, Steve
TI Simulating the Potential Effects of Climate Change in Two Colorado
Basins and at Two Colorado Ski Areas
SO EARTH INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Watershed models; Snowpack; Climate
ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; TRENDS;
SNOWPACK
AB The mountainous areas of Colorado are used for tourism and recreation, and they provide water storage and supply for municipalities, industries, and agriculture. Recent studies suggest that water supply and tourist industries such as skiing are at risk from climate change. In this study, a distributed-parameter watershed model, the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), is used to identify the potential effects of future climate on hydrologic conditions for two Colorado basins, the East River at Almont and the Yampa River at Steamboat Springs, and at the subbasin scale for two ski areas within those basins.
Climate-change input files for PRMS were generated by modifying daily PRMS precipitation and temperature inputs with mean monthly climate-change fields of precipitation and temperature derived from five general circulation model (GCM) simulations using one current and three future carbon emission scenarios. All GCM simulations of mean daily minimum and maximum air temperature for the East and Yampa River basins indicate a relatively steady increase of up to several degrees Celsius from baseline conditions by 2094. GCM simulations of precipitation in the two basins indicate little change or trend in precipitation, but there is a large range associated with these projections. PRMS projections of basin mean daily streamflow vary by scenario but indicate a central tendency toward slight decreases, with a large range associated with these projections.
Decreases in water content or changes in the spatial extent of snowpack in the East and Yampa River basins are important because of potential adverse effects on water supply and recreational activities. PRMS projections of each future scenario indicate a central tendency for decreases in basin mean snow-covered area and snowpack water equivalent, with the range in the projected decreases increasing with time. However, when examined on a monthly basis, the projected decreases are most dramatic during fall and spring. Presumably, ski area locations are picked because of a tendency to receive snow and keep snowpack relative to the surrounding area. This effect of ski area location within the basin was examined by comparing projections of March snow-covered area and snowpack water equivalent for the entire basin with more local projections for the portion of the basin that represents the ski area in the PRMS models. These projections indicate a steady decrease in March snow-covered area for the basins but only small changes in March snow-covered area at both ski areas for the three future scenarios until around 2050. After 2050, larger decreases are possible, but there is a large range in the projections of future scenarios. The rates of decrease for snowpack water equivalent and precipitation that falls as snow are similar at the basin and subbasin scale in both basins. Results from this modeling effort show that there is a wide range of possible outcomes for future snowpack conditions in Colorado. The results also highlight the differences between projections for entire basins and projections for local areas or subbasins within those basins.
C1 [Battaglin, William] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[Hay, Lauren; Markstrom, Steve] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Modeling Watershed Syst Res Grp, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Battaglin, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM wbattagl@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative
(ARMI)
FX We thank members of the U.S. Geological Survey Modeling of Watershed
Systems group for their support and expertise. We thank the U.S.
Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI)
for funding a portion of this project. We thank Pat Edelmann, Tristan
Wellman, Dave Bjerklie, Katherine Chase, Betty Palcsak, and Keith Lucey
for constructive comments on the manuscript.
NR 33
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 25
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1087-3562
J9 EARTH INTERACT
JI Earth Interact.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 15
AR 22
DI 10.1175/2011EI373.1
PG 23
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 796TO
UT WOS:000293075500001
ER
PT J
AU Alvarez-Gomez, JA
Aniel-Quiroga, I
Gonzalez, M
Olabarrieta, M
Carreno, E
AF Alvarez-Gomez, Jose A.
Aniel-Quiroga, Inigo
Gonzalez, Mauricio
Olabarrieta, Maitane
Carreno, Emilio
TI Scenarios for earthquake-generated tsunamis on a complex tectonic area
of diffuse deformation and low velocity: The Alboran Sea, Western
Mediterranean
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alboran Sea; Western Mediterranean; tsunami hazard; Carboneras Fault;
Alboran Ridge; Yusuf Fault
ID EURASIA PLATE BOUNDARY; BETIC CORDILLERA; SOUTHERN SPAIN; CARBONERAS
FAULT; GIBRALTAR ARC; SUBDUCTION BENEATH; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; DEEP
EARTHQUAKES; RUPTURE PROCESS; MURCIA FAULT
AB The tsunami impact on the Spanish and North African coasts of the Alboran Sea generated by several reliable seismic tsunamigenic sources in this area was modeled. The tectonic setting is complex and a study of the potential sources from geological data is basic to obtain probable source characteristics. The tectonic structures considered in this study as potentially tsunamigenic are: the Alboran Ridge associated structures, the Carboneras Fault Zone and the Yusuf Fault Zone. We characterized 12 probable tsunamigenic seismic sources in the Alboran Basin based on the results of recent oceanographical studies. The strain rate in the area is low and therefore its seismicity is moderate and cannot be used to infer characteristics of the major seismic sources. These sources have been used as input for the numerical simulation of the wave propagation, based on the solution of the nonlinear shallow water equations through a finite-difference technique. We calculated the Maximum Wave Elevations, and Tsunami Travel Times using the numerical simulations. The results are shown as maps and profiles along the Spanish and African coasts. The sources associated with the Alboran Ridge show the maximum potential to generate damaging tsunamis, with maximum wave elevations in front of the coast exceeding 1.5 m. The Carboneras and Yusuf faults are not capable of generating disastrous tsunamis on their own, although their proximity to the coast could trigger landslides and associated sea disturbances. The areas which are more exposed to the impact of tsunamis generated in the Alboran Sea are the Spanish coast between Malaga and Adra, and the African coast between Alhoceima and Melilla. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Alvarez-Gomez, Jose A.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geodinam, Fac Geol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
[Alvarez-Gomez, Jose A.; Aniel-Quiroga, Inigo; Gonzalez, Mauricio] Univ Cantabria, Inst Hidraul Ambiental IH Cantabria, ETSI Caminos, E-39005 Santander, Spain.
[Olabarrieta, Maitane] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Carreno, Emilio] Inst Geog Nacl Expanol, Madrid 28003, Spain.
RP Alvarez-Gomez, JA (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geodinam, Fac Geol, C Jose Antonio Novais S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
EM jaagomez@fomento.es; vfago@hotmail.com; gonzalere@unican.es;
molabarrieta@usgs.gov; echerrero@fomento.es
RI Canovas, Veronica/L-2507-2014;
OI Canovas, Veronica/0000-0001-8393-7111; Alvarez-Gomez, Jose
A./0000-0002-2814-3172
NR 86
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2011
VL 284
IS 1-4
BP 55
EP 73
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2011.03.008
PG 19
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 787EM
UT WOS:000292359400005
ER
PT J
AU Santos, RG
Martins, AS
Farias, JD
Horta, PA
Pinheiro, HT
Torezani, E
Baptistotte, C
Seminoff, JA
Balazs, GH
Work, TM
AF Santos, Robson G.
Martins, Agnaldo Silva
Farias, Julyana da Nobrega
Horta, Paulo Antunes
Pinheiro, Hudson Tercio
Torezani, Evelise
Baptistotte, Cecilia
Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
Balazs, George H.
Work, Thierry M.
TI Coastal habitat degradation and green sea turtle diets in Southeastern
Brazil
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Coastal environments; Chelonia mydas; Environmental degradation; Diet;
Feeding preference; Urbanization
ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA PENINSULA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; PACIFIC
COAST; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; REEF; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; MEXICO;
VARIABILITY
AB To show the influence of coastal habitat degradation on the availability of food for green turtles (Chelonia mydas), we assessed the dietary preferences and macroalgae community at a feeding area in a highly urbanized region. The area showed low species richness and was classified as degraded. We examined stomach contents of 15 dead stranded turtles (CCL = 44.0 cm (SD 6.7 cm)). The diet was composed primarily of green algae Ulva spp. (83.6%). In contrast, the macroalgae community was dominated by the green alga Caulerpa mexicana. We found a selection for red algae, seagrass and Ulva spp., and avoidance for C. mexicana and brown alga Dictyopteris delicatula. The low diversity of available food items, possibly a result of environmental degradation, likely contributed to the low dietary diversity. The nutritional implications of this restricted diet are unclear. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Santos, Robson G.; Martins, Agnaldo Silva; Pinheiro, Hudson Tercio] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, CCHN, Dept Oceanog & Ecol, BR-29075910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
[Farias, Julyana da Nobrega; Horta, Paulo Antunes] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CCB, Dept Bot, BR-88010970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
[Torezani, Evelise; Baptistotte, Cecilia] Escritorio Reg Vitoria, Projeto TAMAR ICMBio, BR-29040715 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
[Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
RP Santos, RG (reprint author), Univ Fed Espirito Santo, CCHN, Dept Oceanog & Ecol, BR-29075910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
EM robsongsantos@gmail.com
RI Martins, Agnaldo/F-1615-2011; Horta, Paulo/E-5236-2013; SANTOS,
ROBSON/E-7183-2010; Horta, Paulo/L-3092-2015
OI Martins, Agnaldo/0000-0003-2160-1326; SANTOS,
ROBSON/0000-0001-5240-6799;
FU FAPES; CAPES; CNPq [308867/2006-8]; TAMAR/ICMBio
FX We thank the FAPES, CAPES, CNPq (ASM Grant 308867/2006-8) and
TAMAR/ICMBio for the financial support, the TAMAR team for helping with
the field work, Acqua Sub and its team for lending SCUBA equipment and
helping in the collection of marine algae, and Dr. D.J. Russell and Dr.
K.J. McDermid for their manuscript review and helpful comments. Use of
products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 61
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Z9 18
U1 3
U2 50
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1297
EP 1302
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.004
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 791PL
UT WOS:000292677000030
PM 21450314
ER
PT J
AU Mohammed, A
Peterman, P
Echols, K
Feltz, K
Tegerdine, G
Manoo, A
Maraj, D
Agard, J
Orazio, C
AF Mohammed, Azad
Peterman, Paul
Echols, Kathy
Feltz, Kevin
Tegerdine, George
Manoo, Anton
Maraj, Dexter
Agard, John
Orazio, Carl
TI Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in
harbor sediments from Sea Lots, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Trinidad and Tobago; Persistent organic pollutants; Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs); Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs); Sea Lots; Trinidad
ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS
PAHS; COASTAL MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PEARL RIVER DELTA; SURFACE SEDIMENTS;
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE ISOMERS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTH CHINA;
BALTIC SEA
AB Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in nearshore marine surficial sediments from three locations in Trinidad. Sediments were sampled at Sea Lots on the west coast, in south Port-of-Spain Harbor, south of Sea Lots at Caroni Lagoon National Park, and on Trinidad's east coast at Manzanilla. Total PCB concentrations in Sea Lots sediments ranged from 62 to 601 ng/g (dry weight {dw}), which was higher than at Caroni and Manzanilla, 13 and 8 ng/g dw, respectively. Total OCP concentrations at Sea Lots were ranged from 44.5 to 145 ng/g dw, compared with 13.1 and 23.8 n/g (dw), for Caroni and Manzanilla respectively. The concentrations of PCBs and of some OCPs in sediments from Sea Lots were above the Canadian interim sediment quality guidelines. To date, this data is the first report on the levels of PCBs and other organochlorine compounds from Trinidad and Tobago. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mohammed, Azad; Manoo, Anton; Maraj, Dexter; Agard, John] Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago.
[Peterman, Paul; Echols, Kathy; Feltz, Kevin; Tegerdine, George; Orazio, Carl] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Center, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
RP Mohammed, A (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago.
EM azad.mohammed@sta.uwi.edu
FU Government of Trinidad and Tobago
FX The author (Azad Mohammed) would like to acknowledge the Government of
Trinidad and Tobago Research Fund for funding this project.
NR 62
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Z9 24
U1 1
U2 18
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1324
EP 1332
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.043
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 791PL
UT WOS:000292677000034
PM 21529852
ER
PT J
AU Koeberl, C
Warme, JE
Sandberg, CA
AF Koeberl, Christian
Warme, John E.
Sandberg, Charles A.
TI Jared R. Morrow (October 8, 1959-October 7, 2010) Memorial
SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 [Koeberl, Christian] Nat Hist Museum, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.
[Koeberl, Christian] Univ Vienna, Dept Lithospher Res, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
[Warme, John E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Sandberg, Charles A.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Koeberl, C (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1086-9379
J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI
JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 46
IS 6
BP 919
EP 922
DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2011.01208.x
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 788XG
UT WOS:000292477100011
ER
PT J
AU Jones, S
Fiala, I
Prosperi-Porta, G
House, M
Mumford, S
AF Jones, Simon
Fiala, Ivan
Prosperi-Porta, Gina
House, Marcia
Mumford, Sonia
TI Sphaerospora elwhaiensis sp n. (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae) from
landlocked sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)
in Washington State, USA
SO FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA
LA English
DT Article
DE Sphaerospora elwhaiensis; Myxozoa; Myxosporea; kokanee; Oncorhynchus
nerka
ID PROLIFERATIVE KIDNEY-DISEASE; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCE; EVOLUTIONARY
TRENDS; GENUS SPHAEROSPORA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PHYLOGENY; MYXOZOA; RDNA;
TRUTTAE; FISHES
AB A new species of sphaerosporid myxosporean, Sphaerospora elwhaiensis sp. n., is described from kidney of non-anadromous sockeye salmon (kokanee) Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) from Lake Sutherland in the northern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA. Infection with the parasite was detected in 45% of 177 kokanee examined over 5 years. While conforming to the morphological criteria by which members of the genus are defined, the parasite is distinguished from congeners in salmonids of western North America by a unique combination of valvular sculpting of the myxospore, the relatively large size of the myxospore and monosporous development within the pseudoplasmodium. In addition, nucleotide sequences of the parasite's small and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene are unique. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences suggested that the parasite is most closely related to freshwater Myxidium spp. and Zschokkella spp. The molecular data have provided further evidence for a polyphyletic association previously recognized among members of the genus and emphasize the need for a taxonomic revision of Sphaerospora Thelohan, 1892 and related genera.
C1 [Jones, Simon; Prosperi-Porta, Gina] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
[Fiala, Ivan] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Parasitol, Ctr Biol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
[House, Marcia] NW Indian Fisheries Commiss, Olympia, WA 98516 USA.
[Mumford, Sonia] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Olympia Fish Hlth Ctr, Olympia, WA 98506 USA.
RP Jones, S (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
EM simon.jones@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
RI Jones, Simon/C-2485-2012; Fiala, Ivan/G-7962-2014
OI Jones, Simon/0000-0002-8800-9653;
FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada (FOC); Grant Agency of the Czech Republic
[204/09/P519]
FX Funding for this research was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada
(FOC) and the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (204/09/P519). We thank
W. Bennett, FOC, for conducting the PAS and Sudan black histological
staining and Ms. S. Jones for preparing the line drawings. Ms. D.
Wadowska, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward
Island processed tissues for transmission electron microscopy and
provided electron micrographs. We also thank all of those who helped
collect and sample the kokanee from Lake Sutherland including Larry
Ward, Mel Elofson, Mike McHenry, Mitch Boyd, Larry Henderson, Keith
Lauderbach, Sonny Sampson and Raymond Moses, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe,
Dan Collins, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Sharon
Lutz, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 33
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Z9 2
U1 0
U2 20
PU FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA
PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE
PA BRANISOVSKA 31,, CESKE BUDEJOVICE 370 05, CZECH REPUBLIC
SN 0015-5683
J9 FOLIA PARASIT
JI Folia Parasitol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 58
IS 2
BP 87
EP 94
PG 8
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 788ZX
UT WOS:000292484200002
PM 21776889
ER
PT J
AU Sedberry, GR
Fautin, DG
Feldman, M
Fornwall, MD
Goldstein, P
Guralnick, RP
AF Sedberry, George R.
Fautin, Daphne G.
Feldman, Michael
Fornwall, Mark D.
Goldstein, Philip
Guralnick, Robert P.
TI OBIS-USA A Data-Sharing Legacy of the Census of Marine Life
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
AB The United States Geological Survey's Biological Informatics Program hosts OBIS-USA, the US node of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). OBIS-USA gathers, coordinates, applies standard formats to, and makes widely available data on biological collections in marine waters of the United States and other areas where US investigators have collected data and, in some instances, specimens. OBIS-USA delivers its data to OBIS international, which then delivers its. data to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and other Web portals for marine biodiversity data. OBIS-USA currently has 145 data sets from 36 participants, representing over 6.5 million occurrence records of over 83,000 taxa from more than 888,000 locations. OBIS-USA, a legacy of the decade-long (2001-2010) international collaborative Census of Marine Life enterprise, continues to add data, including those from ongoing Census projects. Among the many challenges in creating OBIS, including OBIS-USA, were developing a community of trust and shared value among data providers, and demonstrating to providers the value of making their data accessible to others. Challenges also posed by the diversity of data sets relevant to marine biodiversity stored on thousands of computers, in a variety of formats, not all widely accessible, have been met in OBIS-USA by implementing a uniform standard and publishing platform that is easily accessible to a broad range of users.
C1 [Sedberry, George R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Savannah, GA USA.
[Fautin, Daphne G.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
[Feldman, Michael] Consortium Ocean Leadership, Washington, DC USA.
[Fornwall, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Biol Informat Program, Kahului, HI USA.
[Guralnick, Robert P.] Univ Colorado, Museum Nat Hist, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Sedberry, GR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Savannah, GA USA.
EM george.sedberry@noaa.gov
FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research; United States
Geological Survey; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and
Enforcement
FX This summary of OBIS-USA and associated programs evolved from, and was
improved by, discussions with many participants in the Census of Marine
Life and OBIS. In particular, we thank past and present members of the
US National Committee (USNC) for the Census. Support for our work and
the USNC was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Ocean Exploration and
Research; USNC was coordinated by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership.
This work was also supported by the United States Geological Survey and
the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement as
well as our respective agencies and universities.
NR 10
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U1 1
U2 12
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 2
SI SI
BP 166
EP 173
PG 8
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 787AC
UT WOS:000292348000018
ER
PT J
AU Zamparo, D
Ferrao, A
Brooks, DR
Bettaso, J
Mata-Lopez, R
AF Zamparo, David
Ferrao, Amanda
Brooks, Daniel R.
Bettaso, Jamie
Mata-Lopez, Rosario
TI New species of Haematoloechus (Digenea: Plagiorchidae) in the lung of
the foothill yellow-legged frog Rana boylii (Anura), from Humboldt
County, California, USA
SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE BIODIVERSIDAD
LA English
DT Article
DE Platyhelminthes; Digenea; Haematoloechus; anuran; parasites; helminths;
taxonomy; California
ID 1899 TREMATODA; UNITED-STATES; HAEMATOLOECHIDAE; LOOSS; PHYLOGENY;
VAILLANTI; CANADA; NORTH; SPP.
AB A new species of Haematoloechus is described from the lungs of Rana boylii from Humboldt County, California. The new species is similar to Haematoloechus buttensis, Haematoloechus kernensis, and Haematoloechus complex-us in general course of the uterus and gonad shape. it is similar to H. buttensis by having a cirrus sac terminating midway between the posterior margin of the pharynx and the anterior margin of the ovary, and having a smaller oral/ventral sucker ratio; to H. complex-us by having the genital pore ventral to the pharynx, and it is similar to H. kernensis by having a larger oral sucker to pharynx width ratio. The new species is unique by lacking an extra-cecal longitudinal uterine loop from the hind-body. Molecularly, the new species differs 1.04-1.15% in partial 28S sequence with respect to H. complex-us, and a monophyletic grouping of these specimens in a phylogenetic analysis of all available sequence data consistent with the species-specific status proposed herein. Evidence is also presented to suggest that specimens identified as H. buttensis in Rana pretiosa from British Columbia, Canada represents a new, but still undeseribed species. The importance of conducting biological inventories of helminths, along with continued monitoring of populations, and collections based taxonomy are related.
C1 [Mata-Lopez, Rosario] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Evolut Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Zamparo, David; Brooks, Daniel R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
[Ferrao, Amanda] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Bettaso, Jamie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
RP Mata-Lopez, R (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Evolut Biol, Apartado Postal 70-399, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
EM gorgoderina@yahoo.com.mx
FU Guelph University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
(NSERC); Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academic DGAPA, UNAM
FX We would like to thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata Office
for their assistance and exceptional service; faculty and students of
Humboldt State for their hospitality, helpful discussions and comments
on the work presented herein. Special thanks to Dr. Peter Watts, for
outstanding assistance in the field. We also thank Dr. Eric P. Hoberg
(Chief Curator) and Pat Pilitt (Associate Curator) of the United States
Parasite Collection, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland for their exceptional service,
and years of personal support and encouragement. Molecular work was
performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Systematics of the Royal
Ontario Museum, Ontario, Canada. Thanks to V. Leon-Regagnon for her
valuable comments to this manuscript. Funding was received, in part,
through the Barcoding of Life Project, via Dr. Paul Hebert at Guelph
University; and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
(NSERC) to Dr. Daniel R. Brooks at the University of Toronto. RML thanks
Daniel R. Brooks for the facilities provided within the Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto during her
postdoctoral position. This study was also partially funded by Direccion
General de Asuntos del Personal Academic DGAPA, UNAM in form of PROFIP
postdoctoral scholarship to RML.
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU INST BIOLOGIA, UNIV NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO
PI MEXICO
PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-233, MEXICO, D F 00000, MEXICO
SN 1870-3453
J9 REV MEX BIODIVERS
JI Rev. Mex. Biodivers.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 2
BP 445
EP 451
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 787FR
UT WOS:000292362500006
ER
PT J
AU Webb, RH
Salazar-Cesena, JM
AF Webb, Robert H.
Mario Salazar-Cesena, J.
TI Agave turneri (Agavaceae), a new species from northeastern Baja
California, Mexico
SO BRITTONIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Agave; Agavaceae; Baja California; hyperarid desert; endemic
AB Agave turneri, a new species of Agave from the Sierras Cucapa and El Mayor in northeastern Baja California, Mexico, is a medium-sized species that does not produce offsets, has a relatively short and narrow panicle, and has a distinctive flower structure. The closest relatives to this new species are Agave moranii, which occurs approximately 200 km to the south of the type locality, and A. deserti var. simplex, which occurs in Arizona and California. This new species is a narrow endemic restricted to specific granodiorite and tonalite habitats in a hyperarid environment. Agave turneri appears to be a critically endangered owing to its habitat preference for specific types of granite in the Sierra Cucapa, threats due to prolonged drought and global change, and its close proximity to the Mexicali metropolitan area.
C1 [Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Mario Salazar-Cesena, J.] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol Conservac, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
RP Webb, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM rhwebb@usgs.gov
FU USGS; CICESE under SEMARNAT-CONACYT [23777]
FX We thank Ray Turner and Stephen Bullock for their companionship and help
with field work in Baja California and their choice of which Goldman
photograph to match in the Sierra el Mayor. Diane Boyer, Steve Hayden,
and Todd Esque helped with the field description. Brad Hollingsworth and
Jon Rebman shared their knowledge of this species and herbarium
specimens. Thanks to Jose Maria Dominguez and Francisco Javier Ponce for
their technical help with the line drawings. C. M. Wilmot-Dear of the
Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, Surrey, UK, wrote the Latin description.
We thank Stephen Bullock, Diane Boyer, and two anonymous reviewers for
their comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by USGS and
CICESE under SEMARNAT-CONACYT grant 23777.
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0007-196X
J9 BRITTONIA
JI Brittonia
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 63
IS 2
BP 203
EP 210
DI 10.1007/s12228-010-9151-3
PG 8
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 775RY
UT WOS:000291482300004
ER
PT J
AU Kulacki, KJ
Chaloner, DT
Larson, JH
Costello, DM
Evans-White, MA
Docherty, KM
Bernot, RJ
Brueseke, MA
Kulpa, CF
Lamberti, GA
AF Kulacki, Konrad J.
Chaloner, Dominic T.
Larson, James H.
Costello, David M.
Evans-White, Michelle A.
Docherty, Kathryn M.
Bernot, Randall J.
Brueseke, Michael A.
Kulpa, Charles F., Jr.
Lamberti, Gary A.
TI Proactive Aquatic Ecotoxicological Assessment of Room-Temperature Ionic
Liquids
SO CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Aquatic toxicology; ecotoxicology; bioassay; mesocosm; interdisciplinary
collaboration
ID PHYTOPLANKTON SELENASTRUM-CAPRICORNUTUM; FUNCTIONALIZED SIDE-CHAINS;
DIFFERENT HEAD GROUPS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; ACUTE TOXICITY;
PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY; WASTE-WATER; IMIDAZOLIUM; ALGAE
AB Aquatic environments are being contaminated with a myriad of anthropogenic chemicals, a problem likely to continue due to both unintentional and intentional releases. To protect valuable natural resources, novel chemicals should be shown to be environmentally safe prior to use and potential release into the environment. Such proactive assessment is currently being applied to room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs). Because most ILs are water-soluble, their effects are likely to manifest in aquatic ecosystems. Information on the impacts of ILs on numerous aquatic organisms, focused primarily on acute LC50 and EC50 endpoints, is now available, and trends in toxicity are emerging. Cation structure tends to influence IL toxicity more so than anion structure, and within a cation class, the length of alkyl chain substituents is positively correlated with toxicity. While the effects of ILs on several aquatic organisms have been studied, the challenge for aquatic toxicology is now to predict the effects of ILs in complex natural environments that often include diverse mixtures of organisms, abiotic conditions, and additional stressors. To make robust predictions about ILs will require coupling of ecologically realistic laboratory and field experiments with standard toxicity bioassays and models. Such assessments would likely discourage the development of especially toxic ILs while shifting focus to those that are more environmentally benign. Understanding the broader ecological effects of emerging chemicals, incorporating that information into predictive models, and conveying the conclusions to those who develop, regulate, and use those chemicals, should help avoid future environmental degradation.
C1 [Kulacki, Konrad J.; Chaloner, Dominic T.; Brueseke, Michael A.; Kulpa, Charles F., Jr.; Lamberti, Gary A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Larson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
[Costello, David M.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Evans-White, Michelle A.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
[Docherty, Kathryn M.] NEON, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Bernot, Randall J.] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA.
RP Kulacki, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM kulacki@lifesci.ucsb.edu
RI Costello, David/A-2694-2010
OI Costello, David/0000-0002-1532-5399
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association [NA04OAR4600076,
NA05OAR4601153]; U.S. Department of Education [P200A010448]; State of
Indiana [909010455]; USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative
[2006-35101-16566]; Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2007.857]; Bayer
Predoctoral Fellowship
FX We thank Susanne Hebbeler, Joan Brennecke, and the staff of the
University of Notre Dame's Center for Environmental Science and
Technology for their assistance with various phases of this research.
Funding for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Association (Grant NA04OAR4600076, NA05OAR4601153); the U.S.
Department of Education's GAANN Program (Graduate Assistance in Areas of
National Need, Grant P200A010448); the State of Indiana 21st
Century Science and Technology Fund (Grant 909010455); USDA-CSREES
National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (Managed
Ecosystems Program 2006-35101-16566), and the Great Lakes Fishery Trust
(Project 2007.857). Additional funding was provided by a Bayer
Predoctoral Fellowship to KJK, DMC, and JHL.
NR 102
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 7
U2 31
PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
PI SHARJAH
PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB
EMIRATES
SN 1385-2728
J9 CURR ORG CHEM
JI Curr. Org. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 15
IS 12
BP 1918
EP 1927
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA 777RU
UT WOS:000291643300005
ER
PT J
AU Viger, RJ
Hay, LE
Markstrom, SL
Jones, JW
Buell, GR
AF Viger, Roland J.
Hay, Lauren E.
Markstrom, Steven L.
Jones, John W.
Buell, Gary R.
TI Hydrologic Effects of Urbanization and Climate Change on the Flint River
Basin, Georgia
SO EARTH INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrologic simulation; Urbanization; Land-cover change; Climate change;
Surface depression storage; Effective imperviousness; Streamflow;
Climate impacts; Human impacts; Modeling
ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; 3 MOUNTAINOUS BASINS;
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; IMPERVIOUS COVER; RUNOFF;
IMPACTS; MODELS; WATERSHEDS
AB The potential effects of long-term urbanization and climate change on the freshwater resources of the Flint River basin were examined by using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). PRMS is a deterministic, distributed-parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land cover on streamflow and multiple intermediate hydrologic states. Precipitation and temperature output from five general circulation models (GCMs) using one current and three future climate-change scenarios were statistically down-scaled for input into PRMS. Projections of urbanization through 2050 derived for the Flint River basin by the Forecasting Scenarios of Future Land-Cover (FORE-SCE) land-cover change model were also used as input to PRMS. Comparison of the central tendency of streamflow simulated based on the three climate-change scenarios showed a slight decrease in overall streamflow relative to simulations under current conditions, mostly caused by decreases in the surface-runoff and groundwater components. The addition of information about forecasted urbanization of land surfaces to the hydrologic simulation mitigated the decreases in streamflow, mainly by increasing surface runoff.
C1 [Viger, Roland J.; Hay, Lauren E.; Markstrom, Steven L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Jones, John W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[Buell, Gary R.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Viger, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 412 Box 25046 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rviger@usgs.gov
OI Viger, Roland/0000-0003-2520-714X
NR 62
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 35
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1087-3562
J9 EARTH INTERACT
JI Earth Interact.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 15
AR 20
DI 10.1175/2010EI369.1
PG 25
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 778PK
UT WOS:000291716400001
ER
PT J
AU Hatala, JA
Dietze, MC
Crabtree, RL
Kendall, K
Six, D
Moorcroft, PR
AF Hatala, Jaclyn A.
Dietze, Michael C.
Crabtree, Robert L.
Kendall, Katherine
Six, Diana
Moorcroft, Paul R.
TI An ecosystem-scale model for the spread of a host-specific forest
pathogen in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE alternate hosts; Bayesian statistics; blister rust; Cronartium ribicola;
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; nonnative pathogen; pathogen modeling;
Pinus albicaulis; whitebark pine
ID PINE BLISTER RUST; WHITE-PINE; CRONARTIUM-RIBICOLA; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
NORTH-AMERICA; 1ST REPORT; SEVERITY; BEETLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PEDICULARIS
AB The introduction of nonnative pathogens is altering the scale, magnitude, and persistence of forest disturbance regimes in the western United States. In the high-altitude whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) is an introduced fungal pathogen that is now the principal cause of tree mortality in many locations. Although blister rust eradication has failed in the past, there is nonetheless substantial interest in monitoring the disease and its rate of progression in order to predict the future impact of forest disturbances within this critical ecosystem.
This study integrates data from five different field-monitoring campaigns from 1968 to 2008 to create a blister rust infection model for sites located throughout the GYE. Our model parameterizes the past rates of blister rust spread in order to project its future impact on high-altitude whitebark pine forests. Because the process of blister rust infection and mortality of individuals occurs over the time frame of many years, the model in this paper operates on a yearly time step and defines a series of whitebark pine infection classes: susceptible, slightly infected, moderately infected, and dead. In our analysis, we evaluate four different infection models that compare local vs. global density dependence on the dynamics of blister rust infection. We compare models in which blister rust infection is: (1) independent of the density of infected trees, (2) locally density-dependent, (3) locally density-dependent with a static global infection rate among all sites, and (4) both locally and globally density-dependent. Model evaluation through the predictive loss criterion for Bayesian analysis supports the model that is both locally and globally density-dependent. Using this best-fit model, we predicted the average residence times for the four stages of blister rust infection in our model, and we found that, on average, whitebark pine trees within the GYE remain susceptible for 6.7 years, take 10.9 years to transition from slightly infected to moderately infected, and take 9.4 years to transition from moderately infected to dead. Using our best-fit model, we project the future levels of blister rust infestation in the GYE at critical sites over the next 20 years.
C1 [Hatala, Jaclyn A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Dietze, Michael C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Crabtree, Robert L.] Yellowstone Ecol Res Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA.
[Kendall, Katherine] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
[Six, Diana] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Moorcroft, Paul R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Hatala, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jhatala@berkeley.edu
RI Dietze, Michael/A-5834-2009; Hatala, Jaclyn/K-6639-2012
OI Dietze, Michael/0000-0002-2324-2518;
FU NASA [NNA07CN19A]
FX The NASA Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting program supported this
research under award NNA07CN19A to R. L. Crabtree. Many thanks to Cathie
Jean and the members of the Interagency Whitebark Pine Monitoring
Working Group for providing access to data, insights for data
interpretation, and advice for field study designs that were essential
to this work. We also thank Gil Bohrer for helpful comments and
suggestions in the modeling design, and members of the Yellowstone
Ecological Research Center for assistance with data aggregation and
fieldwork. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 35
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 34
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 4
BP 1138
EP 1153
DI 10.1890/09-2118.1
PG 16
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 776LE
UT WOS:000291535500013
PM 21774419
ER
PT J
AU Hanks, EM
Hooten, MB
Baker, FA
AF Hanks, Ephraim M.
Hooten, Mevin B.
Baker, Fred A.
TI Reconciling multiple data sources to improve accuracy of large-scale
prediction of forest disease incidence
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Arceuthobium pusillum; Bayesian hierarchical models; black spruce;
disease monitoring; dwarf mistletoe; multiple data sources; northern
Minnesota, USA; Picea mariana; spatial autocorrelation
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SITE OCCUPANCY; MODEL; HABITAT; REGRESSION;
WILDLIFE; ABSENCE; COUNTS
AB Ecological spatial data often come from multiple sources, varying in extent and accuracy. We describe a general approach to reconciling such data sets through the use of the Bayesian hierarchical framework. This approach provides a way for the data sets to borrow strength from one another while allowing for inference on the underlying ecological process. We apply this approach to study the incidence of eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum) in Minnesota black spruce (Picea mariana). A Minnesota Department of Natural Resources operational inventory of black spruce stands in northern Minnesota found mistletoe in 11% of surveyed stands, while a small, specific-pest survey found mistletoe in 56% of the surveyed stands. We reconcile these two surveys within a Bayesian hierarchical framework and predict that 35-59% of black spruce stands in northern Minnesota are infested with dwarf mistletoe.
C1 [Hanks, Ephraim M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
[Baker, Fred A.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Hanks, EM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM hanks@stat.colostate.edu
FU Utah State University College of Science; USDA Forest Service Forest
Health Monitoring
FX Funding for this study was provided by the Utah State University College
of Science and the USDA Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring. We also
thank three anonymous reviewers for their extremely helpful suggestions.
Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the United States Government.
NR 42
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 25
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 4
BP 1173
EP 1188
DI 10.1890/09-1549.1
PG 16
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 776LE
UT WOS:000291535500016
PM 21774422
ER
PT J
AU Schotthoefer, AM
Rohr, JR
Cole, RA
Koehler, AV
Johnson, CM
Johnson, LB
Beasley, VR
AF Schotthoefer, Anna M.
Rohr, Jason R.
Cole, Rebecca A.
Koehler, Anson V.
Johnson, Catherine M.
Johnson, Lucinda B.
Beasley, Val R.
TI Effects of wetland vs. landscape variables on parasite communities of
Rana pipiens: links to anthropogenic factors
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE amphibian; CANOCO; echinostomatid; FRAGSTATS; landscape analysis;
Minnesota, USA; parasite community structure; Rana (=Lithobates)
pipiens; Ribeiroia ondatrae; trematode
ID UNITED-STATES; TREMATODE INFECTIONS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; NUTRIENT
ENRICHMENT; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; DABBLING DUCK; SPATIAL
SCALE; LIFE-HISTORY; LAND-USE
AB The emergence of several diseases affecting amphibian populations worldwide has prompted investigations into determinants of the occurrence and abundance of parasites in frogs. To understand the spatial scales and identify specific environmental factors that determine risks of parasitism in frogs, helminth communities in metamorphic frogs of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) were examined in relation to wetland and landscape factors at local (1 km) and regional (10 km) spatial extents in an agricultural region of Minnesota (USA) using regression analyses, ordination, and variance partitioning techniques. Greater amounts of forested and woody wetland habitats, shorter distances between woody wetlands, and smaller-sized open water patches in surrounding landscapes were the most consistently positive correlates with the abundances, richness, and diversity of helminths found in the frogs. Wetland and local landscape variables were suggested as most important for larval trematode abundances, whereas local and regional landscape variables appeared most important for adult helminths. As previously reported, the sum concentration of atrazine and its metabolite desethylatrazine, was the strongest predictor of larval trematode communities. In this report, we highlight the additional influences of landscape factors. In particular, our data suggest that anthropogenic activities that have resulted in the loss of the availability and connectivity of suitable habitats in the surrounding landscapes of wetlands are associated with declines in helminth richness and abundance, but that alteration of wetland water quality through eutrophication or pesticide contamination may facilitate the transmission of certain parasite taxa when they are present at wetlands. Although additional research is needed to quantify the negative effects of parasitism on frog populations, efforts to reduce inputs of agrochemicals into wetlands to limit larval trematode infections may be warranted, given the current high rates of amphibian declines and extinction events.
C1 [Schotthoefer, Anna M.; Beasley, Val R.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA.
[Rohr, Jason R.] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
[Cole, Rebecca A.; Koehler, Anson V.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
[Johnson, Catherine M.; Johnson, Lucinda B.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA.
RP Schotthoefer, AM (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA.
EM Schotthoefer.Anna@mcrf.mfldclin.edu
RI Koehler, Anson/P-3658-2015
OI Koehler, Anson/0000-0001-8330-6416
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R825867, STAR R833835]; National
Science Foundation [DEB 0516227]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [NRI
2006-01370, 2009-35102-05043]; EPA
FX Funding was provided through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program (R825867) to V. R. Beasley.
Funds were also provided to J. R. Rohr by grants from the National
Science Foundation (DEB 0516227), U.S. Department of Agriculture (NRI
2006-01370, 2009-35102-05043), and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(STAR R833835).; Although funded by the EPA, the study has not been
subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect
the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
Use and citing of products also does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
government.
NR 73
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 74
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 4
BP 1257
EP 1271
PG 15
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 776LE
UT WOS:000291535500022
PM 21774428
ER
PT J
AU Lund, K
Tysdal, RG
Evans, KV
Kunk, MJ
Pillers, RM
AF Lund, K.
Tysdal, R. G.
Evans, K. V.
Kunk, M. J.
Pillers, R. M.
TI Structural Controls and Evolution of Gold-, Silver-, and REE-Bearing
Copper-Cobalt Ore Deposits, Blackbird District, East-Central Idaho:
Epigenetic Origins
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CO-CU-AU; CENTRAL AFRICAN COPPERBELT; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; MOUNT-ISA;
NEW-ZEALAND; FLUID-FLOW; ZAMBIAN COPPERBELT; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SULPHIDE
DEPOSITS; SULFIDE DEPOSITS
AB The Cu-Co +/- Au (+/- Ag +/- Ni +/- REE) ore deposits of the Blackbird district, east-central Idaho, have previously been classified as Besshi-type VMS, sedex, and IOCG deposits within an intact stratigraphic section. New studies indicate that, across the district, mineralization was introduced into the country rocks as a series of structurally controlled vein and alteration systems. Quartz-rich and biotite-rich veins (and alteration zones) and minor albite and siderite veinlets maintain consistent order and sulfide mineral associations across the district. Both early and late quartz veins contain chalcopyrite and pyrite, whereas intermediate-stage tourmaline-biotite veins host the cobaltite. Barren early and late albite and late carbonate (generally siderite) form veins or are included in the quartz veins. REE minerals, principally monazite, allanite, and xenotime, are associated with both tourmaline-biotite and late quartz veins. The veins are in mineralized intervals along axial planar cleavage, intrafolial foliation, and shears.
Mineralized intervals are hosted by a variety of metasedimentary rocks, including three phyllitic units of Mesoproterozoic age and two schistose units. All of these units are S-tectonites in the footwall of a regional thrust fault. Specifically, the district lies within an oblique thrust ramp containing a series of structural horses (three domains) in a duplex system. The deposits span the three domains and are hosted by metamorphic rocks that range from lower amphibolite facies in the structurally upper domain to lower-middle greenschist facies in the lower domain (an inverted metamorphic sequence). Early quartz and biotite veins were introduced during progressive folding and prolonged peak metamorphic conditions and they underwent late-tectonic retrograde recrystallization and metamorphic mineral growth, to the same extent as the country rocks in each domain. Where little subsequent deformation occurred, early veins are discordant to bedding but, where folding was polyphase and fabrics are penetrative, mineralized zones are concordant with metamorphic compositional layering. Late quartz veins in the zones are associated with retrograde minerals and textures and are only locally deformed. Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of unoriented muscovite from the selvage of a late quartz vein yields a Late Cretaceous age of about 83 Ma, the time of retrograde metamorphism associated with introduction of late quartz veins.
Textural data at all scales indicate that the host sites for veins and the tectonic evolution of both host rocks and mineral deposits were kinematically linked to Late Cretaceous regional thrust faulting. Heat, fluids, and conduits for generation and circulation of fluids were part of the regional crustal thickening. The faulting also juxtaposed metaevaporite layers in the Mesoproterozoic Yellowjacket Formation over Blackbird district host rocks. We conclude that this facilitated chemical exchange between juxtaposed units resulting in leaching of critical elements (Cl, K, B, Na) from metaevaporites to produce brines, scavenging of metals (Co, Cu, etc) from rocks in the region, and, finally, concentrating metals in the lower-plate ramp structures. Although the ultimate source of the metals remains undetermined, the present Cu-Co +/- Au (+/- Ag +/- Ni +/- REE) Blackbird ore deposits formed during Late Cretaceous compressional deformation.
C1 [Lund, K.; Tysdal, R. G.; Evans, K. V.; Pillers, R. M.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[Kunk, M. J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Lund, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973,Fed Ctr Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM klund@usgs.gov
NR 151
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U1 5
U2 25
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD JUN-JUL
PY 2011
VL 106
IS 4
BP 585
EP 618
PG 34
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 778AP
UT WOS:000291669700003
ER
PT J
AU Mezek, T
Sverko, E
Rudy, MD
Zaruk, D
Capretta, A
Hebert, CE
Fisk, AT
McGoldrick, DJ
Newton, TJ
Sutton, TM
Koops, MA
Muir, AM
Johnson, TB
Ebener, MP
Arts, MT
AF Mezek, Tadej
Sverko, Ed
Rudy, Martina D.
Zaruk, Donna
Capretta, Alfredo
Hebert, Craig E.
Fisk, Aaron T.
McGoldrick, Daryl J.
Newton, Teresa J.
Sutton, Trent M.
Koops, Marten A.
Muir, Andrew M.
Johnson, Timothy B.
Ebener, Mark P.
Arts, Michael T.
TI Polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids: Biomarkers for native and exotic
mussels in the Laurentian Great Lakes
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Biomarkers; Fatty acids; Great Lakes; Mussels; Invasive species; Lake
whitefish
ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA SPP.;
DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA-MUSSEL; SEED OIL; MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS;
MYSIS-RELICTA; FOOD WEBS; ST-CLAIR; ONTARIO
AB Freshwater organisms synthesize a wide variety of fatty acids (FAs); however, the ability to synthesize and/or subsequently modify a particular FA is not universal, making it possible to use certain FAs as biomarkers. Herein we document the occurrence of unusual FAs (polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids; PMI-FAs) in select freshwater organisms in the Laurentian Great lakes. We did not detect PMI-FAs in: (a) natural seston from Lake Erie and Hamilton Harbor (Lake Ontario), (b) various species of laboratory-cultured algae including a green alga (Scenedesmus obliquus), two cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Synechococystis sp.), two diatoms (Asterionella formosa, Diatoma elongatum) and a chrysophyte (Dinobryon cylindricum) or, (c) zooplankton (Daphnia spp., calanoid or cyclopoid copepods) from lake Ontario, suggesting that PMI-FAs are not substantively incorporated into consumers at the phytoplankton-zooplankton interface. However, these unusual FAs comprised 4-6% of total fatty acids (on a dry tissue weight basis) of native fat mucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and plain pocketbook (L cardium) mussels and in invasive zebra (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga (D. bugensis) mussels. We were able to clearly partition Great Lakes' mussels into three separate groups (zebra, quagga, and native mussels) based solely on their PMI-FA profiles. We also provide evidence for the trophic transfer of PMI-FAs from mussels to various fishes in lakes Ontario and Michigan, further underlining the potential usefulness of PMI-FAs for tracking the dietary contribution of mollusks in food web and contaminant-fate studies. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sverko, Ed; Rudy, Martina D.; Zaruk, Donna; McGoldrick, Daryl J.; Arts, Michael T.] Natl Water Res Inst Branch, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
[Mezek, Tadej] Natl Inst Biol, Dept Freshwater & Terr Ecosyst Res, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
[Capretta, Alfredo] McMaster Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
[Hebert, Craig E.] Environm Canada, Wildlife & Landscape Sci Directorate, Ottawa, ON KIS 5B6, Canada.
[Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
[Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Dept Earth Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
[Newton, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
[Sutton, Trent M.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Koops, Marten A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
[Muir, Andrew M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Johnson, Timothy B.] Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada.
[Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Intertribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA.
RP Arts, MT (reprint author), Natl Water Res Inst Branch, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, 867 Lakeshore Rd,POB 5050, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
EM tadej.mezek@gmail.com; ed.sverko@ec.gc.ca; martina.rudy@ec.gc.ca;
donna.zaruk@ec.gc.ca; capretf@mcmaster.ca; craig.hebert@ec.gc.ca;
afisk@uwindsor.ca; tnewton@usgs.gov; tmsutton@alaska.edu;
marten.koops@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; amuir@glfc.org; timjohnson@ontario.ca;
mebener@lighthouse.net; michael.arts@ec.gc.ca
RI Capretta, Alfredo/G-2195-2011; Koops, Marten/A-4534-2010;
OI Koops, Marten/0000-0002-3676-7946; Arts, Michael/0000-0002-2335-4317;
Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852
FU Environment Canada; Ad Futura; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Great Lake
Fisheries Trust; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
FX We thank Sue Watson (Environment Canada) for providing natural seston
and laboratory-cultured algae samples. Suzanne Budge (Dalhousie
University) provided invaluable assistance with the initial
identification of PMI-FAs. Dale Honeyfield (USGS) provided valuable
comments on an earlier draft. Funding was provided by Environment Canada
(MTA, ES, MDR, DZ, CEH and DJM), Ad Futura (TM), Fisheries and Oceans
Canada (MAK) and Great Lake Fisheries Trust (TMS, MAK, MTA, MPE), and
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (TBJ). The use of trade, product,
or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the Canadian or U.S. Governments.
NR 77
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U1 2
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 2
BP 289
EP 297
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.03.008
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 778OB
UT WOS:000291712900010
ER
PT J
AU Moody, EK
Weidel, BC
Ahrenstorff, TD
Mattes, WP
Kitchell, JF
AF Moody, Eric K.
Weidel, Brian C.
Ahrenstorff, Tyler D.
Mattes, William P.
Kitchell, James F.
TI Evaluating the growth potential of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus)
feeding on siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Predator-prey interactions; Great Lakes; Bioenergetics; Invasive
species; Thermal heterogeneity
ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; GREAT-LAKES; PARASITIC-PHASE; BIOENERGETICS
MODEL; WATER TEMPERATURE; PELAGIC COMMUNITY; HOST MORTALITY; PREDATION;
FISH; CONSUMPTION
AB Differences in the preferred thermal habitat of Lake Superior lake trout morphotypes create alternative growth scenarios for parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) attached to lake trout hosts. Siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) inhabit deep, consistently cold water (4-6 degrees C) and are more abundant than lean lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) which occupy temperatures between 8 and 12 degrees C during summer thermal stratification. Using bioenergetics models we contrasted the growth potential of sea lampreys attached to siscowet and lean lake trout to determine how host temperature influences the growth and ultimate size of adult sea lamprey. Sea lampreys simulated under the thermal regime of siscowets are capable of reaching sizes within the range of adult sea lamprey sizes observed in Lake Superior tributaries. High lamprey wounding rates on siscowets suggest siscowets are important lamprey hosts. In addition, siscowets have higher survival rates from lamprey attacks than those observed for lean lake trout which raises the prospect that siscowets serve as a buffer to predation on more commercially desirable hosts such as lean lake trout, and could serve to subsidize lamprey growth. (C) 2011 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Moody, Eric K.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Moody, Eric K.; Weidel, Brian C.; Kitchell, James F.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Oswego, NY 13126 USA.
[Ahrenstorff, Tyler D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
[Mattes, William P.] Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commiss, Odanah, WI 54861 USA.
RP Moody, EK (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, 427 E Tyler Mall,LSA 189, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
EM eric.k.moody@asu.edu; bweidel@usgs.gov; ahre0051@d.umn.edu;
bmattes@glifwc.org; kitchell@wisc.edu
RI Moody, Eric/C-6098-2013
FU University of Wisconsin
FX This project was funded by the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant. We
thank Jessica Barber from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for
providing sea lamprey size data. Tom Hrabik and Olaf Jensen provided
data and insight that helped clarify siscowet behavior and its
implications for their thermal history. We thank Jeff Schaeffer, Rob
Klumb, Tim Cline, and three anonymous reviewers for comments that
greatly improved early drafts of this manuscript.
NR 53
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U1 6
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 2
BP 343
EP 348
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.01.007
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 778OB
UT WOS:000291712900017
ER
PT J
AU Martinez, MA
Rogowski, DL
AF Martinez, Michael A.
Rogowski, David L.
TI USE AND APPARENT PARTITIONING OF HABITAT BY AN IMPERILED SPRINGSNAIL
(HYDROBIIDAE) AND A COSMOPOLITAN POND SNAIL (PHYSIDAE)
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER GASTROPOD CONSERVATION; PHYSA-GYRINA; SHELL STRENGTH;
LIFE-HISTORY; BODY SIZE; PYRGULOPSIS; CRAYFISH; PREY; ASSOCIATIONS;
ECOLOGY
AB Our objectives were to determine which habitat variables had the greatest influence on densities of the Three Forks springsnail (Pyrgulopsis trivialis) and pond snail (Physa gyrina), and to examine interactions between the two species. We measured density and several habitat variables in Three Forks Springs and Boneyard Bog Springs in east-central Arizona. Density of Three Forks springsnails was greatest (500/m(2)) in shallow water (< 5.6 cm), where density of pond snails was less (<4.6/m(2)), and closer to the springhead (< 0.8 m). Density of pond snails was greatest (66/m(2)) further away from the springhead (>= 32 m) and when temperatures were greater (>= 15.8 degrees C). Density of pond snails was low (1.1/m(2)) closer to the springhead (< 32 m) when pH was less (< 8.4). The two snails apparently partition habitat in response to competition for food or presence of predators.
C1 [Martinez, Michael A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA.
[Rogowski, David L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
RP Martinez, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2321 W Royal Palm Rd,Suite 103, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA.
EM mike_martinez@fws.gov
OI Rogowski, David L/0000-0003-0264-0223
NR 42
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U1 0
U2 3
PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
EI 1943-6262
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 2
BP 216
EP 223
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 779IX
UT WOS:000291772400011
ER
PT J
AU Pech, LL
Gates, MW
Graham, TB
AF Pech, Louis L.
Gates, Michael W.
Graham, Tim B.
TI DIRHINUS TEXANUS (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDIDAE) FROM UTAH
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOTIC INVENTORIES; NATIONAL-PARKS
AB We collected a Dirhinus texanus (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) in Salt Creek Canyon, Canyonlands National Park, an Juan County, Utah. This is the first record for D. texanus in Utah.
C1 [Pech, Louis L.] Univ Wisconsin Marathon Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Wausau, WI 54401 USA.
[Gates, Michael W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Plant Sci Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Graham, Tim B.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
RP Pech, LL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Marathon Cty, Dept Biol Sci, 518 S 7th Ave, Wausau, WI 54401 USA.
EM lou.pech@uwc.edu
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U1 1
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PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 2
BP 275
EP 276
PG 2
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 779IX
UT WOS:000291772400022
ER
PT J
AU Varela-Romero, A
Hendrickson, DA
Yepiz-Plascencia, G
Brooks, JE
Neely, DA
AF Varela-Romero, Alejandro
Hendrickson, Dean A.
Yepiz-Plascencia, Gloria
Brooks, James E.
Neely, David A.
TI STATUS OF THE YAQUI CATFISH (ICTALURUS PRICEI) IN THE UNITED STATES AND
NORTHWESTERN MEXICO
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID FRESH-WATER; FISHES; INVASIONS
AB TO appraise conservation status of the Yaqui catfish Ictalurus pricei, we reviewed literature and unpublished records on a captive stock, examined voucher specimens at museums, re-sampled historical localities in the Yaqui, Mayo, and Fuerte river basins, and we surveyed rivers further south. A total of 72 specimens of native Ictalurus was collected in the Yaqui, Fuerte, Sinaloa, Culiacan, and San Lorenzo river basins. No native Ictalurus was collected in the Mayo Basin. Distribution of the Yaqui catfish appears restricted to die Yaqui, Mayo and Fuerte river basins, all of which now harbor nonnative blue (I. furcatus) and channel (I. punctatus) catfishes. The nonnative black bullhead (Ameiurus melas) is now known front the Yaqui Basin anti the flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) has been recorded anecdotally in the Yaqui Basin. Threats to the Yaqui catfish have increased in recent years and hybridization with the channel catfish now appears widespread. We conclude that the Yaqui catfish should be considered endangered throughout its range and that status of native populations of Ictalurus in the United States and Mexico should be reviewed and management intensified.
C1 [Varela-Romero, Alejandro; Yepiz-Plascencia, Gloria] Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Lab Biol Mol Organismos Acuat, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
[Varela-Romero, Alejandro] Univ Sonora, Dept Invest Cient & Tecnol, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
[Hendrickson, Dean A.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Nat Sci Ctr, Texas Nat Hist Collect, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
[Brooks, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fishery Resources Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA.
[Neely, David A.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA.
RP Varela-Romero, A (reprint author), Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Lab Biol Mol Organismos Acuat, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
EM avarela@guayacan.uson.mx
FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia; Centro de Investigacion en
Alimentacion y Desarrollo; United States National Science Foundation
[DEB-0315963]
FX We thank H. Brandenburg, R. Smith, R. Rosas-Valdes, J. G.
Sonanez-Organis, and I. Anduro-Corona for assistance in collecting fish,
B. Jensen was instrumental in obtaining collections from the Yaqui Basin
in the 1980s and 1990s, M. Ulibarri helped retrieve information on
history of broodstock of I. pricei from the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service, and J. Ahn, J. Rosales, and P. Reinthal helped obtain,
process, and ship specimens. AV-R was supported by a fellowship from
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia. Partial support was provided
by both Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo and the All
Catfish Species Inventory of the United States National Science
Foundation (DEB-0315963). Permits for collections were issued by
Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y
Alimentacion-Permiso de Pesca de Fomento DGOPA.03947.250406.1606.
NR 40
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PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 2
BP 277
EP 285
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 779IX
UT WOS:000291772400023
ER
PT J
AU Anich, NM
Trick, JA
Grveles, KM
Goyette, JL
AF Anich, Nicholas M.
Trick, Joel A.
Grveles, Kim M.
Goyette, Jennifer L.
TI CHARACTERISTICS OF A RED PINE PLANTATION OCCUPIED BY KIRTLAND'S WARBLERS
IN WISCONSIN
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BREEDING GROUNDS; HABITAT; POPULATION
AB We studied a newly established population of Kirtland's Warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) in Adams County, Wisconsin, nesting in a red pine (Punts resinosa) plantation. We found eight males and five females in Adams County in 2008 and 10 males and 10 females in 2009. Five of seven (71%) males color-banded in 2008 returned in 2009, and at least eight successful nests produced an estimated 33 young over the 2 years. Red pine comprised 66.9% of trees on the main site, 20.6% were northern pin oak/black oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis/Q. velutina), and 12.5% were jack pine (Pinus banksiana). Total tree density at the main site was 1,876 trees/ha, lower than generally reported in Michigan. Percent canopy cover and ground cover types were similar to Michigan sites. Lowest live branch height of jack pine was similar to Michigan sites, but lowest live branches of red pine at our site were closer to the forest floor. Significant red pine die-off at our site combined with substantial natural jack pine recruitment created a landscape matrix of openings and thickets that produced suitable Kirtland's Warbler habitat. We suggest young red pine-dominated plantations should be searched when surveying for Kirtland's Warblers as some lower-density red pine plantations could provide important supplemental habitat as the species expands its range. Received 8 April 2010. Accepted 11 November 2010.
C1 [Trick, Joel A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Franken, WI 54229 USA.
[Grveles, Kim M.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA.
[Goyette, Jennifer L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, Cofrin Ctr Biodivers, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA.
RP Anich, NM (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2501 Golf Course Rd, Ashland, WI 54806 USA.
EM nicholas.m.anich@gmail.com
OI Anich, Nicholas/0000-0002-5655-9175
FU Natural Resources Foundation of Wisconsin; Wisconsin Society for
Ornithology
FX The Natural Resources Foundation of Wisconsin and Wisconsin Society for
Ornithology provided funding for this research. We thank Plum Creek
Timber for assistance and T. A. Watson for providing maps and
information about the stands. We are indebted to D. J. DiTommaso for
finding and monitoring birds in 2007. We thank J. R. Probst for
assistance in the field and many productive discussions that contributed
ideas to this manuscript. J. R. Probst, R. L. Refsnider, T. J. Benson,
P. A. Spaeth, the editor, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful
comments on this manuscript. B. F. Benson of USDA-APHIS Wildlife
Services operated cowbird traps. J. F. Robaidek helped monitor nests, R.
L. Refsnider helped capture and band birds, and N. M. Livingston
provided accommodations. We thank numerous volunteers for searching for
Kirtland's Warblers in Wisconsin, especially P. C. Charland and R. M.
Samerdyke.
NR 28
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U1 0
U2 14
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 123
IS 2
BP 199
EP 205
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779KK
UT WOS:000291776300001
ER
PT J
AU Ha, RR
Morton, JM
Ha, JC
Berry, L
Plentovich, S
AF Ha, Renee Robinette
Morton, John M.
Ha, James C.
Berry, Lainie
Plentovich, Sheldon
TI NEST SITE SELECTION AND CONSEQUENCES FOR REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF THE
ENDANGERED MARIANA CROW (CORVUS KUBARYI)
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Reasons for the decline of the Mariana Crow (Corms kubaryi) on the Western Pacific island of Rota are currently unknown, but a need to protect nesting habitat has been suggested. We examined 55 actual nest sites and 60 random sites from 1997 to 1999 to investigate habitat characteristics specific to crow nest sites. Both nests and random plots were predominantly in limestone forest habitat. Discriminant function analyses indicate actual nest sites were differentiated from random sites based on a higher percentage of canopy cover and mean DBH of papaya (Carica papaya) and woody vines, as well as a higher stem count of species associated with limestone forests. This resulted in correct classification of a potential site as nesting versus random in 92% of the cases. Actual nests were >300 m from buildings, while random sites averaged (+/- SE) 226.7 +/- 71.6 m from a building. Actual nest sites were about twice as far from a road as random nest sites. Twenty-eight of the 55 active nests fledged young. Nests in native forests were associated with higher reproductive success than nests in more disturbed areas. These findings suggest that damage to habitat from anthropogenic or natural causes may be limiting nesting success. Received 19 February 2010. Accepted 22 November 2010.
C1 [Ha, Renee Robinette; Ha, James C.] Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Anim Behav Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA.
[Berry, Lainie] Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA.
[Plentovich, Sheldon] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Ha, RR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Anim Behav Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM robinet@uw.edu
FU Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Division of Fish and
Wildlife; USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We are grateful for the critical reviews of earlier versions of this
manuscript by anonymous reviewers. Jennifer Marsh aided in data entry
and quality control. Melanie Colon helped copy data sheets. JMM thanks,
in particular, Thomas Sharp of the USFWS, and Stan Taisacan and Dave
Worthington of CNMI-DFW. This study was only possible because of the
excellent professionalism shown by numerous biologists who volunteered
their services: Glenn Desy, Becca Dymzarov, Jim Herriges, Shanie Holman,
Jane Jackson, Nathan Johnson, Shona Lawson, Tina Lee, Kim Livengood,
Brigid O'Neil, Meaghan Parker, Mark Philippart, Shane Pruett, Robert
Reed, Tom Reid, Michelle Rogne, Joey Shousky, Nicole Shutt, Lance
Tanino, Mike Vamstad, Elaine Wells, Chris Willet, and Sarah Wyshynski.
Laura Williams and Shelly Kremer provided logistical and funding support
for our work in the CNMI. RRH and JCH thank the Whiteley Center at
Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, which provided
support for writing this manuscript. Funding was provided by the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Division of Fish and
Wildlife and the USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service (Endangered Species,
Section 6). All research was conducted under Federal Endangered Species
Permit FWSPIO-3, Federal Bird Marking and Salvage Permit 22570, and an
amended CNMI Fish and Game Permit 068-95-SPN.
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SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 123
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BP 236
EP 242
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SC Zoology
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UT WOS:000291776300005
ER
PT J
AU Reiteri, ME
Andersen, DE
AF Reiteri, Matthew E.
Andersen, David E.
TI ARCTIC FOXES, LEMMINGS, AND CANADA GOOSE NEST SURVIVAL AT CAPE
CHURCHILL, MANITOBA
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DICROSTONYX-GROENLANDICUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; CYCLES;
GEESE; PREDATORS; ABUNDANCE; SUCCESS; ORGANIZATION; VARIABILITY
AB We examined factors influencing Canada Goose (Branta canadensis interior) annual nest success, including the relative abundance of collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx richardsoni), arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) den occupancy, nest density, and spring phenology using data collected during annual Canada Goose breeding area surveys at Cape Churchill, Manitoba. Nest density and arctic fox den occupancy strongly influenced Canada Goose nest success. High nest density resulted in higher nest success and high den occupancy reduced nest success. Nest success was not influenced by lemming abundance in the current or previous year as predicted by the "bird-lemming" hypothesis. Reducing arctic fox abundance through targeted management increased nest survival of Canada Geese; a result that further emphasizes the importance of arctic fox as nest predators in this system. The spatial distribution of nest predators, at least for dispersed-nesting geese, may be most important for nest survival, regardless of the abundance of small mammals in the local ecosystem. Further understanding of the factors influencing the magnitude and variance in arctic fox abundance in this region, and the spatial scale at which these factors are realized, is necessary to fully explain predator-prey-alternative prey dynamics in this system. Received 22 June 2010. Accepted 5 January 2011.
C1 [Reiteri, Matthew E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Reiteri, ME (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, TomKat Field Stn, POB 747, Pescadero, CA 94060 USA.
EM mreiter@prbo.org
FU Mississippi Flyway Council Technical Section; Manitoba Conservation;
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Iowa Department of Natural
Resources; Missouri Department of Conservation; Arkansas Game and Fish
Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Canadian Wildlife Service;
Parks Canada
FX We thank the Mississippi Flyway Council Technical Section, Manitoba
Conservation, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Department
of Natural Resources, Missouri Department of Conservation, Arkansas Game
and Fish Commission, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Canadian Wildlife
Service, and Parks Canada (particularly the staff of Wapusk National
Park), for support throughout this work; in particular, M. M. Gillespie,
Garth Ball, A. H. Raedeke, and Bob Reside. We thank B. E. Reichert, Tim
Pearson, D. H. Rusch, B. W. Allen, S. E. Walter, and R. R. Nack in
addition to the many volunteers who assisted in field data collections
over many years at Nestor One. We thank T. W. Arnold, F. B. Martin, J.
S. Lawrence, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly
improved this manuscript. This research was conducted in accordance with
all applicable state, provincial, and federal regulations. Use of trade
names does not imply endorsement by either the U.S. Geological Survey or
the University of Minnesota.
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SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 123
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BP 266
EP 276
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SC Zoology
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UT WOS:000291776300009
ER
PT J
AU Walsh, J
Kovach, AI
Lane, OP
O'Brien, KM
Babbitt, KJ
AF Walsh, Jennifer
Kovach, Adrienne I.
Lane, Oksana P.
O'Brien, Kathleen M.
Babbitt, Kimberly J.
TI GENETIC BARCODE RFLP ANALYSIS OF THE NELSON'S AND SALTMARSH SPARROW
HYBRID ZONE
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SHARP-TAILED SPARROWS; NORTH-AMERICAN BIRDS; AMMODRAMUS-CAUDACUTUS;
NEW-ENGLAND; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION; CONCORDANCE; HABITAT
AB Hybridization between Saltmarsh Sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Nelson's Sparrow (A. nelson has been documented in areas where the two species occur sympatrically, increasing the difficulty of accurate species identification. We developed a DNA barcoding restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) test to discriminate between Nelson's Sparrows and Saltmarsh Sparrows and applied it to 426 putative Saltmarsh Sparrows sampled from Maine to New York, USA. All individuals were identified in the field as Saltmarsh Sparrows based on morphology, but 34 (8%) had Nelson's specific mitochondrial DNA, indicating they were of hybrid origin. This discrepancy in morphological and genetic data highlights the difficulties associated with accurate field identification and may hinder conservation efforts by confounding attempts to identify and monitor "pure" populations. Mitochondrial DNA of Nelson's Sparrow was prevalent at the most southern point of the previously documented overlap zone and was also found in one individual 150 km south of the overlap zone. Our findings offer new insights into the extent of hybridization between the two species and underscore the need for further investigation into the consequences of hybridization on conservation of Saltmarsh Sparrows. Received 23 August 2010. Accepted 1 January 2011.
C1 [Walsh, Jennifer; Kovach, Adrienne I.; Babbitt, Kimberly J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Lane, Oksana P.] Biodivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA.
[O'Brien, Kathleen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wells, ME 04090 USA.
RP Kovach, AI (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, James Hall,56 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
EM Adrienne.kovach@unh.edu
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; New Hampshire Sea Grant
FX We thank N. S. Pau of Parker River National Wildlife Refuge, S. H. Paton
of John H. Chafee National Wildlife Refuge, and the Marine Nature Center
in Oceanside, New York for support in coordinating sample collection. We
thank the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife for allowing
sample collection in protected marshes. We also thank C. M. Schmitz and
the many interns at Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge for help in
the field. W. G. Shriver provided a number of helpful comments on a
previous draft of the manuscript. We are grateful to D. L. Berlinsky for
generous use of laboratory facilities. Funding for this project was
provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and New Hampshire Sea
Grant. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service.
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SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 123
IS 2
BP 316
EP 322
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779KK
UT WOS:000291776300013
ER
PT J
AU Behney, AC
Boal, CW
Whitlaw, HA
Lucia, DR
AF Behney, Adam C.
Boal, Clint W.
Whitlaw, Heather A.
Lucia, Duane R.
TI INTERACTIONS OF RAPTORS AND LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS AT LEKS IN THE TEXAS
SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SAGE GROUSE; PREDATION; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY
AB We examined behavioral interactions of raptors, Chihuahuan Ravens (Corms cryptoleucus), and Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) at leks in the Texas Southern High Plains. Northern Harriers (Circus cyaneus) and Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) were the most common raptors observed at leks. Only 15 of 61 (25%) raptor encounters at leks (0.09/hr) resulted in a capture attempt (0.02/hr). Mean (+/- SD) time for Lesser Prairie-Chickens to return to lekking behavior following a raptor encounter was 4.2 +/- 5.5 min suggesting the disturbance had little influence on lekking behaviors. Lesser Prairie-Chickens engaged in different escape behaviors depending on raptor species and, generally, did not respond to ravens suggesting they are able to assess different predation risks. The raptors in our study area posed little predation risk to lekking prairie-chickens. Behavioral disturbance at leks appears minimal due to the lack of successful predation events, low raptor encounter rates, and short time to return to lekking behavior. Received 22 August 2010. Accepted 3 January 2011.
C1 [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Behney, Adam C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Whitlaw, Heather A.; Lucia, Duane R.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA.
RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
EM clint.boal@ttu.edu
FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
FX We thank Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for funding this research.
The USGS Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the
Department of Natural Resources Management at Texas Tech University also
contributed necessary resources. This research was conducted in
accordance with Texas Tech University animal use protocol T06043-09. We
thank D. A. Haukos and M. J. Butler for suggestions and contributions
throughout this research. A. D. Apa, M. D. Giovanni, C. A. Hagen, T. A.
Messmer, C. E. Braun, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful
comments on earlier versions of our manuscript.
NR 31
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SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 123
IS 2
BP 332
EP 338
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779KK
UT WOS:000291776300015
ER
PT J
AU Chen, CC
Barrow, WC
Ouchley, K
Hamilton, RB
AF Chen, Chao-Chieh
Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.
Ouchley, Keith
Hamilton, Robert B.
TI SEARCH BEHAVIOR OF ARBOREAL INSECTIVOROUS MIGRANTS AT GULF COAST
STOPOVER SITES IN SPRING
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; FOREST BIRDS; ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS; POPULATION TRENDS;
FOOD AVAILABILITY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; VIREO-OLIVACEUS; WESTERN MEXICO;
HABITAT USE; MIGRATION
AB Search behavior of arboreal insectivorous migrants was studied at three stopover sites along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico during spring migrations, 1993-1995. We examined if search behavior was affected by phylogeny, or by environmental factors. A sequence of search movements (hop, flutter, or flight) in a foraging bout was recorded for each migrant encountered. Search rate, frequency, and distance of movements were calculated for each species. Search rate was positively correlated with proportion of hop, but negatively correlated to flight distance. Hop distance was positively correlated to tarsus length, as was flight distance to wing length for the 31 species of migrants. Cluster analysis indicated closely related species generally have similar foraging modes, which range from "sit-and-wait" of flycatchers to "widely foraging" of warblers. Migrants tended to use more hops in dense vegetation, but more flights in areas with sparse vegetation. Migrants also used more flights when foraging in mixed-species flocks and during periods of high migrant density. Logistic models indicated warblers were more influenced by environmental factors than vireos, possibly because warblers are near-perch searchers and more affected by these factors. Received 6 May 2010. Accepted 17 December 2010.
C1 [Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Chen, Chao-Chieh; Ouchley, Keith; Hamilton, Robert B.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Chen, Chao-Chieh] Kaohsiung Med Univ, Dept Biomed Sci & Environm Biol, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
RP Barrow, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM barroww@usgs.gov
FU Houston Audubon Society; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We are grateful to the Stream family in Louisiana for permission to
conduct research on their property. Permission to conduct research in
Texas was granted by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department through
Terry Tourney, Candy Abshier Wildlife Management Area. The Stream
Property Management Co., Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, and Tennessee Gas Co. provided
invaluable assistance for this study. Field work was supported by the
Houston Audubon Society and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We are
especially grateful to David Richard and Terry Tourney for use of their
facilities and help with logistics. We are indebted to E. B. Moser for
help with the statistical analysis. Clinton Jeske, Robert Dobbs, and two
anonymous reviewers provided recommendations for improving the
manuscript.
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SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 123
IS 2
BP 347
EP 359
PG 13
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779KK
UT WOS:000291776300017
ER
PT J
AU Holroyd, GL
Conway, CJ
Trefry, HE
AF Holroyd, Geoffrey L.
Conway, Courtney J.
Trefry, Helen E.
TI Breeding Dispersal of a Burrowing Owl from Arizona to Saskatchewan
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BIRDS
AB We document a female Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) that nested in Arizona and dispersed 1,860 km to Saskatchewan, where she successfully raised seven young during the same breeding season. The dispersal path between these two locations has not been documented previously. This is the longest distance ever recorded for breeding dispersal for any raptor within the same breeding season and possibly for any bird species. Received 24 May 2010. Accepted 21 January 2011.
C1 [Holroyd, Geoffrey L.; Trefry, Helen E.] Environm Canada, Edmonton, AB T6H 2X3, Canada.
[Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Holroyd, GL (reprint author), Environm Canada, Room 200,4999-98 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6H 2X3, Canada.
EM geoffrey.holroyd@ec.gc.ca
FU Environment Canada; Government of Canada; U.S. National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation; Arizona Game and Fish Department; U.S. Geological
Survey; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada
FX We thank L. A. Ellis who trapped the owl in Arizona, Kelly Gray who
first saw the owl in Saskatchewan and recognized the band was unique to
Canada, J. M. Duxbury for trapping the female to read the band, and A.
M. Fuentes Romero and M. Marquez Olivias for permission to publish their
observation of two broods near Mexico City. Funding was provided by
Environment Canada's Species at Risk Fund, Government of Canada's
Interdepartmental Recovery Fund, the U.S. National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation through Beaverhill Bird Observatory, Arizona Game and Fish
Department, U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Science and
Engineering Research Council of Canada. This note benefited from reviews
and citations by J. H. Barclay, T. H. L. Fleming, A. E. Sieradzki, R. W.
N. Knapton. C. E. Boal, and two anonymous referees. Use of trade names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
U.S. Government.
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SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 123
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BP 378
EP 381
PG 4
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779KK
UT WOS:000291776300021
ER
PT J
AU Hay, LE
Markstrom, SL
Ward-Garrison, C
AF Hay, Lauren E.
Markstrom, Steven L.
Ward-Garrison, Christian
TI Watershed-Scale Response to Climate Change through the Twenty-First
Century for Selected Basins across the United States
SO EARTH INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrologic modeling; Climate change; General circulation models;
Statistical downscaling
ID 3 MOUNTAINOUS BASINS; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; CHANGE
SCENARIOS; RIVER-BASIN; UNCERTAINTY; IMPACTS; TRENDS; ENSEMBLES;
COLORADO
AB The hydrologic response of different climate-change emission scenarios for the twenty-first century were evaluated in 14 basins from different hydroclimatic regions across the United States using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a process-based, distributed-parameter watershed model. This study involves four major steps: 1) setup and calibration of the PRMS model in 14 basins across the United States by local U. S. Geological Survey personnel; 2) statistical downscaling of the World Climate Research Programme's Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 climate-change emission scenarios to create PRMS input files that reflect these emission scenarios; 3) run PRMS for the climate-change emission scenarios for the 14 basins; and 4) evaluation of the PRMS output.
This paper presents an overview of this project, details of the methodology, results from the 14 basin simulations, and interpretation of these results. A key finding is that the hydrological response of the different geographical regions of the United States to potential climate change may be very different, depending on the dominant physical processes of that particular region. Also considered is the tremendous amount of uncertainty present in the climate emission scenarios and how this uncertainty propagates through the hydrologic simulations. This paper concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned and potential for future work.
C1 [Hay, Lauren E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Hay, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 412, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM lhay@usgs.gov
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1087-3562
J9 EARTH INTERACT
JI Earth Interact.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 15
AR 17
DI 10.1175/2010EI370.1
PG 37
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 776KY
UT WOS:000291534700001
ER
PT J
AU Walker, JF
Hay, LE
Markstrom, SL
Dettinger, MD
AF Walker, John F.
Hay, Lauren E.
Markstrom, Steven L.
Dettinger, Michael D.
TI Characterizing Climate-Change Impacts on the 1.5-yr Flood Flow in
Selected Basins across the United States: A Probabilistic Approach
SO EARTH INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Hydrology; Probability density function; 1.5-yr flood
ID DISCHARGE; BANKFULL
AB The U. S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model was applied to basins in 14 different hydroclimatic regions to determine the sensitivity and variability of the freshwater resources of the United States in the face of current climate-change projections. Rather than attempting to choose a most likely scenario from the results of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an ensemble of climate simulations from five models under three emissions scenarios each was used to drive the basin models.
Climate-change scenarios were generated for PRMS by modifying historical precipitation and temperature inputs; mean monthly climate change was derived by calculating changes in mean climates from current to various future decades in the ensemble of climate projections. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) were fitted to the PRMS model output driven by the ensemble of climate projections and provided a basis for randomly (but representatively) generating realizations of hydrologic response to future climates. For each realization, the 1.5-yr flood was calculated to represent a flow important for sediment transport and channel geomorphology. The empirical probability density function (pdf) of the 1.5-yr flood was estimated using the results across the realizations for each basin. Of the 14 basins studied, 9 showed clear temporal shifts in the pdfs of the 1.5-yr flood projected into the twenty-first century. In the western United States, where the annual peak discharges are heavily influenced by snowmelt, three basins show at least a 10% increase in the 1.5-yr flood in the twenty-first century; the remaining two basins demonstrate increases in the 1.5-yr flood, but the temporal shifts in the pdfs and the percent changes are not as distinct. Four basins in the eastern Rockies/central United States show at least a 10% decrease in the 1.5-yr flood; the remaining two basins demonstrate decreases in the 1.5-yr flood, but the temporal shifts in the pdfs and the percent changes are not as distinct. Two basins in the eastern United States show at least a 10% decrease in the 1.5-yr flood; the remaining basin shows little or no change in the 1.5-yr flood.
C1 [Walker, John F.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
[Hay, Lauren E.; Markstrom, Steven L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Walker, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
EM jfwalker@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Global
Change Research and Development Program. Ken Potter and Faith
Fitzpatrick provided thoughtful reviews that greatly improved this
manuscript.
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1087-3562
J9 EARTH INTERACT
JI Earth Interact.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 15
AR 18
DI 10.1175/2010EI379.1
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 777AN
UT WOS:000291585100001
ER
PT J
AU Vierling, LA
Martinuzzi, S
Asner, GP
Stoker, J
Johnson, BR
AF Vierling, Lee A.
Martinuzzi, Sebastian
Asner, Gregory P.
Stoker, Jason
Johnson, Brian R.
TI LiDAR: providing structure
SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Vierling, Lee A.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
[Martinuzzi, Sebastian] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Stanford, CA USA.
[Stoker, Jason] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
[Johnson, Brian R.] NEON Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Vierling, LA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
EM leev@uidaho.edu
RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013;
OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421;
Stoker, Jason/0000-0003-2455-0931
NR 6
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U1 2
U2 15
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1540-9295
J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON
JI Front. Ecol. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 9
IS 5
BP 261
EP 262
DI 10.1890/11.WB.009
PG 2
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 776DO
UT WOS:000291514900012
ER
PT J
AU Carlisle, DM
Wolock, DM
Meador, MR
AF Carlisle, Daren M.
Wolock, David M.
Meador, Michael R.
TI Alteration of streamflow magnitudes and potential ecological
consequences: a multiregional assessment
SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; WATER; DAMS; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY;
INTEGRITY; SCIENCE
AB Human impacts on watershed hydrology are widespread in the US, but the prevalence and severity of streamflow alteration and its potential ecological consequences have not been quantified on a national scale. We assessed streamflow alteration at 2888 streamflow monitoring sites throughout the conterminous US. The magnitudes of mean annual (1980-2007) minimum and maximum streamflows were found to have been altered in 86% of assessed streams. The occurrence, type, and severity of streamflow alteration differed markedly between arid and wet climates. Biological assessments conducted on a subset of these streams showed that, relative to eight chemical and physical covariates, diminished flow magnitudes were the primary predictors of biological integrity for fish and macroinvertebrate communities. In addition, the likelihood of biological impairment doubled with increasing severity of diminished streamflows. Among streams with diminished flow magnitudes, increasingly common fish and macroinvertebrate taxa possessed traits characteristic of lake or pond habitats, including a preference for fine-grained substrates and slow-moving currents, as well as the ability to temporarily leave the aquatic environment.
C1 [Carlisle, Daren M.; Meador, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA.
RP Carlisle, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
EM dcarlisle@usgs.gov
NR 23
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PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1540-9295
J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON
JI Front. Ecol. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 9
IS 5
BP 264
EP 270
DI 10.1890/100053
PG 7
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 776DO
UT WOS:000291514900016
ER
PT J
AU Bolten, AB
Crowder, LB
Dodd, MG
MacPherson, SL
Musick, JA
Schroeder, BA
Witherington, BE
Long, KJ
Snover, ML
AF Bolten, Alan B.
Crowder, Larry B.
Dodd, Mark G.
MacPherson, Sandra L.
Musick, John A.
Schroeder, Barbara A.
Witherington, Blair E.
Long, Kristy J.
Snover, Melissa L.
TI Quantifying multiple threats to endangered species: an example from
loggerhead sea turtles
SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID ACT RECOVERY PLANS; CARETTA-CARETTA; POPULATION; GROWTH; MODEL; SIZE;
SCB
AB The effectiveness of recovery plans for threatened and endangered species has been questioned in academic and political domains. A comprehensive assessment of species recovery plans concluded that quantification and prioritization of threats have received insufficient attention, which contributes to the failure of some plans. On the basis of this assessment, we developed and implemented a detailed analysis of threats in the Recovery Plan for the Northwest Atlantic Population of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta), produced by the National Marine Fisheries Service and US Fish and Wildlife Service. The analytical approach that we designed and summarize here provides an objective process for quantifying known threats and prioritizing recovery actions in terms of their relative impact on population growth rate (lambda) of the loggerhead sea turtle. Although this process was developed for loggerhead sea turtles, it can be applied to other species.
C1 [Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC USA.
[Dodd, Mark G.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA USA.
[MacPherson, Sandra L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL USA.
[Musick, John A.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA.
[Schroeder, Barbara A.; Long, Kristy J.] NMFS, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Witherington, Blair E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA.
[Snover, Melissa L.] NMFS, NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA.
RP Bolten, AB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM abolten@ufl.edu
NR 22
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 7
U2 53
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1540-9295
J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON
JI Front. Ecol. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 9
IS 5
BP 295
EP 301
DI 10.1890/090126
PG 7
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 776DO
UT WOS:000291514900020
ER
PT J
AU McMahon, PB
Plummer, LN
Bohlke, JK
Shapiro, SD
Hinkle, SR
AF McMahon, P. B.
Plummer, L. N.
Boehlke, J. K.
Shapiro, S. D.
Hinkle, S. R.
TI A comparison of recharge rates in aquifers of the United States based on
groundwater-age data
SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Groundwater age; Groundwater recharge/water budget; USA
ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; GLACIAL OUTWASH AQUIFER; RIO-GRANDE BASIN;
SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; RESIDENCE TIMES; FLOW PATHS;
PALEOTEMPERATURE RECORD; HYDROCHEMICAL TRACERS; AGRICULTURAL AREAS
AB An overview is presented of existing groundwater-age data and their implications for assessing rates and timescales of recharge in selected unconfined aquifer systems of the United States. Apparent age distributions in aquifers determined from chlorofluorocarbon, sulfur hexafluoride, tritium/helium-3, and radiocarbon measurements from 565 wells in 45 networks were used to calculate groundwater recharge rates. Timescales of recharge were defined by 1,873 distributed tritium measurements and 102 radiocarbon measurements from 27 well networks. Recharge rates ranged from < 10 to 1,200 mm/yr in selected aquifers on the basis of measured vertical age distributions and assuming exponential age gradients. On a regional basis, recharge rates based on tracers of young groundwater exhibited a significant inverse correlation with mean annual air temperature and a significant positive correlation with mean annual precipitation. Comparison of recharge derived from groundwater ages with recharge derived from stream base-flow evaluation showed similar overall patterns but substantial local differences. Results from this compilation demonstrate that age-based recharge estimates can provide useful insights into spatial and temporal variability in recharge at a national scale and factors controlling that variability. Local age-based recharge estimates provide empirical data and process information that are needed for testing and improving more spatially complete model-based methods.
C1 [McMahon, P. B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Plummer, L. N.; Boehlke, J. K.; Shapiro, S. D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Hinkle, S. R.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM pmcmahon@usgs.gov
OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013
FU US Geological Survey
FX We thank D. K. Solomon and L. I. Wassenaar for sharing data and
ancillary information with us. We would also like to thank the many US
Geological Survey colleagues who shared data and local expertise on
aquifer flow systems with us. K. Belitz, J. Denver, F. Leaney, T.
Tokunaga, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on
earlier versions of the manuscript. This work was funded by the
following programs of the US Geological Survey: Groundwater Resources
Program, National Water-Quality Assessment Program, and National
Research Program.
NR 139
TC 34
Z9 36
U1 5
U2 45
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1431-2174
J9 HYDROGEOL J
JI Hydrogeol. J.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 4
BP 779
EP 800
DI 10.1007/s10040-011-0722-5
PG 22
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 775UM
UT WOS:000291488900004
ER
PT J
AU Le Gall, A
Janssen, MA
Wye, LC
Hayes, AG
Radebaugh, J
Savage, C
Zebker, H
Lorenz, RD
Lunine, JI
Kirk, RL
Lopes, RMC
Wall, S
Callahan, P
Stofan, ER
Farr, T
AF Le Gall, A.
Janssen, M. A.
Wye, L. C.
Hayes, A. G.
Radebaugh, J.
Savage, C.
Zebker, H.
Lorenz, R. D.
Lunine, J. I.
Kirk, R. L.
Lopes, R. M. C.
Wall, S.
Callahan, P.
Stofan, E. R.
Farr, T.
CA Cassini Radar Team
TI Cassini SAR, radiometry, scatterometry and altimetry observations of
Titan's dune fields
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Titan; Radar observations; Radio observations; Geological processes
ID RADAR MAPPER; LANDING SITE; SURFACE; IMAGES; WINDS; WAVELENGTH;
TOPOGRAPHY
AB Large expanses of linear dunes cover Titan's equatorial regions. As the Cassini mission continues, more dune fields are becoming unveiled and examined by the microwave radar in all its modes of operation (SAR, radiometry, scatterometry, altimetry) and with an increasing variety of observational geometries. In this paper, we report on Cassini's radar instrument observations of the dune fields mapped through May 2009 and present our key findings in terms of Titan's geology and climate. We estimate that dune fields cover similar to 12.5% of Titan's surface, which corresponds to an area of similar to 10 million km(2), roughly the area of the United States. If dune sand-sized particles are mainly composed of solid organics as suggested by VIMS observations (Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) and atmospheric modeling and supported by radiometry data, dune fields are the largest known organic reservoir on Titan. Dune regions are, with the exception of the polar lakes and seas, the least reflective and most emissive features on this moon. Interestingly, we also find a latitudinal dependence in the dune field microwave properties: up to a latitude of similar to 11 degrees, dune fields tend to become less emissive and brighter as one moves northward. Above similar to 11 degrees this trend is reversed. The microwave signatures of the dune regions are thought to be primarily controlled by the interdune proportion (relative to that of the dune), roughness and degree of sand cover. In agreement with radiometry and scatterometry observations, SAR images suggest that the fraction of interdunes increases northward up to a latitude of similar to 14 degrees. In general, scattering from the subsurface (volume scattering and surface scattering from buried interfaces) makes interdunal regions brighter than the dunes. The observed latitudinal trend may therefore also be partially caused by a gradual thinning of the interdunal sand cover or surrounding sand sheets to the north, thus allowing wave penetration in the underlying substrate. Altimetry measurements over dunes have highlighted a region located in the Fensal dune field (similar to 5 degrees latitude) where the icy bedrock of Titan is likely exposed within smooth interdune areas. The hemispherical assymetry of dune field properties may point to a general reduction in the availability of sediments and/or an increase in the ground humidity toward the north, which could be related to Titan's asymmetric seasonal polar insolation. Alternatively, it may indicate that either the wind pattern or the topography is less favorable for dune formation in Titan's northern tropics. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Le Gall, A.; Janssen, M. A.; Lopes, R. M. C.; Wall, S.; Callahan, P.; Farr, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Wye, L. C.; Zebker, H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Hayes, A. G.] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Radebaugh, J.; Savage, C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT USA.
[Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Space, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Lunine, J. I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Stofan, E. R.] Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA.
RP Le Gall, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Alice.Le.Gall@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes,
Rosaly/D-1608-2016;
OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644;
Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; Farr, Thomas/0000-0001-5406-2096
FU Cassini/Huygens mission; NASA; European Space Agency (ESA); Italian
Space Agency (ASI)
FX This work was supported by the Cassini/Huygens mission, which is a joint
endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space
Agency (ASI) and is managed by JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA.
A. Le Gall is supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program, administrated
by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU). The authors are grateful to
Don Jennings for sharing his CIRS measurements of the latitudinal ground
temperature distribution. They also wish to thank Philippe Paillou for
discussion on the definition of the terms used in the present paper to
describe scattering from the dune fields and Dave Rubin for his thorough
review of the manuscript.
NR 53
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 12
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 213
IS 2
BP 608
EP 624
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.026
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 776AF
UT WOS:000291506200015
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, SL
Kent, DB
Elbert, DC
Shi, Z
Davis, JA
Veblen, DR
AF Zhang, Shouliang
Kent, Douglas B.
Elbert, David C.
Shi, Zhi
Davis, James A.
Veblen, David R.
TI Mineralogy, morphology, and textural relationships in coatings on quartz
grains in sediments in a quartz-sand aquifer
SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Sand coating; Cape Cod; TEM; FIB; Adsorption; Goethite; Illite;
Chlorite; Vivianite
ID VARIABLE CHEMICAL CONDITIONS; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; GRAVEL AQUIFER;
EDTA COMPLEXES; TRACER TEST; CAPE-COD; COLLOID MOBILIZATION;
SOLUTE-TRANSPORT; METAL-IONS; IRON
AB Mineralogical studies of coatings on quartz grains and bulk sediments from an aquifer on Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA were carried out using a variety of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Previous studies demonstrated that coatings on quartz grains control the adsorption properties of these sediments. Samples for TEM characterization were made by a gentle mechanical grinding method and focused ion beam (FIB) milling. The former method can make abundant electron-transparent coating assemblages for comprehensive and quantitative X-ray analysis and the latter technique protects the coating texture from being destroyed. Characterization of the samples from both a pristine area and an area heavily impacted by wastewater discharge shows similar coating textures and chemical compositions. Major constituents of the coating include Al-substituted goethite and illite/chlorite clays. Goethite is aggregated into well-crystallized domains through oriented attachment resulting in increased porosity. Illite/chlorite clays with various chemical compositions were observed to be mixed with goethite aggregates and aligned sub-parallel to the associated quartz surface. The uniform spatial distribution of wastewater-derived phosphorus throughout the coating from the wastewater-contaminated site suggests that all of the coating constituents, including those adjacent to the quartz surface, are accessible to groundwater solutes. Both TEM characterization and chemical extraction results indicate there is a significantly greater amount of amorphous iron oxide in samples from wastewater discharge area compared to those from the pristine region, which might reflect the impact of redox cycling of iron under the wastewater-discharge area. Coating compositions are consistent with the moderate metal and oxy-metalloid adsorption capacities, low but significant cation exchange capacities, and control of iron(III) solubility by goethite observed in reactive transport experimental and modeling studies conducted at the site. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Shouliang; Elbert, David C.; Veblen, David R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Kent, Douglas B.; Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Shi, Zhi] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Zhang, SL (reprint author), Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM szhang@jhu.edu
RI Shi, Zhi/F-6312-2011
FU U. S. Geological Survey
FX The authors thank Joanne Stubbs for preparing one of the TEM samples for
this study using FIB instrument and E.J. Bouwer for providing access to
ICP-MS at Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering in Johns
Hopkins University. Comments by Marjorie Schulz, Lisa Stillings, and two
anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. The
study was funded in part by the Toxic Substances Hydrology Research and
National Research Programs of the U. S. Geological Survey.
NR 55
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-7722
EI 1873-6009
J9 J CONTAM HYDROL
JI J. Contam. Hydrol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2011
VL 124
IS 1-4
BP 57
EP 67
DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.02.003
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 774VH
UT WOS:000291414200007
PM 21458880
ER
PT J
AU Bohonak, AJ
Vandergast, AG
AF Bohonak, Andrew J.
Vandergast, Amy G.
TI The value of DNA sequence data for studying landscape genetics
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT News Item
DE cp; mtDNA; DNA sequence data; landscape genetics; nonequilibrium
conditions; phylogeography
ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS;
MIGRATION RATES; FLOW; DIFFERENTIATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DIVERGENCE;
HISTORY
AB In a recent Opinion article in Molecular Ecology, Wang (2010) emphasizes the fact that current patterns of genetic differentiation among populations reflect processes that have acted over temporal scales ranging from contemporary to ancient. He draws a sharp distinction between the fields of phylogeography (as the study of historical processes) and landscape genetics (which he restricts to very recent processes). Wang characterizes DNA sequence data as being inappropriate for the study of contemporary population processes and further states that studies which only include mitochondrial DNA or chloroplast DNA data cannot be considered part of landscape genetics. In this response, we clarify the generally accepted view that DNA sequence data can be analysed with methods that separate contemporary and historical processes. To illustrate this point, we summarize the study of Vandergast et al. (2007), which Wang mischaracterizes as being confused in terms of temporal scale. Although additional focus should be placed on the important issue of correct data interpretation, we disagree strongly with the implication that contemporary and historic processes cannot be separated in the analyses of DNA sequence data.
C1 [Bohonak, Andrew J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Vandergast, Amy G.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
RP Bohonak, AJ (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
EM bohonak@sciences.sdsu.edu
OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571
NR 23
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 24
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 12
BP 2477
EP 2479
DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05122.x
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA 774RA
UT WOS:000291402600004
PM 21800447
ER
PT J
AU Rizza, M
Mahan, S
Ritz, JF
Nazari, H
Hollingsworth, J
Salamati, R
AF Rizza, M.
Mahan, S.
Ritz, J-F
Nazari, H.
Hollingsworth, J.
Salamati, R.
TI Using luminescence dating of coarse matrix material to estimate the slip
rate of the Astaneh fault, Iran
SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Luminescence dating; Tectonics; Alluvial fans; Geomorphology; Faulting;
Iran; Alborz
ID OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; SABZEVAR THRUST-FAULT; SOUTH CASPIAN
REGION; CENTRAL ALBORZ; NE IRAN; FLUVIAL DEPOSITS; YOUNG SEDIMENTS;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; SINGLE GRAINS; UNITED-STATES
AB In this paper, we present optically and infrared stimulated luminescence (OSL and IRSL) ages for four samples from alluvial fan surfaces in the Astaneh Valley. This valley is located in the north-east part of the Alborz range in Iran. Our morphologic interpretations recognize at least three generations of fans in the study area, all of which have been displaced along the left-lateral strike-slip Astaneh fault. Because of the dry, loose, and sometimes complex juxtaposition of the target sediments, we collected the samples in total darkness beneath dark plastic layers placed atop the pit openings. Luminescence ages of the fans are similar to 55 ka, similar to 32 ka and similar to 16 ka. These ages are concurrent with periods of loess deposition and wet climatic conditions previously recorded in the Arabia-Iranian region. They allow estimation of a horizontal slip rate of similar to 2 mm/yr along the Astaneh fault, which is consistent with additional slip rates determined for the Holocene period along faults further west of the Astaneh fault. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Rizza, M.; Ritz, J-F] Univ Montpellier 2, UMR 5243, Lab Geosci Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.
[Mahan, S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Nazari, H.; Salamati, R.] Geol Survey Iran, Res Inst Earth Sci, Tehran, Iran.
[Hollingsworth, J.] CALTECH, Div GPS, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Rizza, M (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, UMR 5243, Lab Geosci Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.
EM rizza@gm.univ-montp2.fr
RI Hollingsworth, James/B-4040-2010;
OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774
FU INSU
FX We thank the Geological Survey of Iran for organizing the fieldworks of
2008 and 2009 and we especially thank the technical Iranian staff,
notably Mohammad Foroutan, for help in the field. The MAM estimates were
performed using an excel spreadsheet provided by Sebastien Huot and the
first author would like to acknowledge him for his patience and his
tutorial for using the MAM files. We also would like to thank S. Forman,
M. Fattahi and also R.B. Roberts for their constructive suggestions and
their helpful to improve the manuscript and clarify the data. We also
would like to acknowledge James Jackson and Philippe Vernant for
fruitful discussions about the Quaternary geology of the Astaneh fault.
This work has been supported by the INSU/3F French program.
NR 67
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1871-1014
J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL
JI Quat. Geochronol.
PD JUN-AUG
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 3-4
BP 390
EP 406
DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2011.03.001
PG 17
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 776YB
UT WOS:000291576000010
ER
PT J
AU Gray, BR
Shi, W
Houser, JN
Rogala, JT
Guan, Z
Cochran-Biederman, JL
AF Gray, B. R.
Shi, W.
Houser, J. N.
Rogala, J. T.
Guan, Z.
Cochran-Biederman, J. L.
TI CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF RESTORATION EFFORTS ON ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF AN OPEN WATER AREA WITHIN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER
SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE chlorophyll a; habitat restoration; large rivers; mayflies; piecewise
regression; suspended solids
ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; BURROWING MAYFLIES;
FLOODPLAIN RIVER; LAKE-ERIE; SYSTEM; REHABILITATION; PHYTOPLANKTON;
FRAGMENTATION; ENHANCEMENT
AB Ecological restoration efforts in large rivers generally aim to ameliorate ecological effects associated with large-scale modification of those rivers. This study examined whether the effects of restoration efforts-specifically those of island construction-within a largely open water restoration area of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) might be seen at the spatial scale of that 3476 ha area. The cumulative effects of island construction, when observed over multiple years, were postulated to have made the restoration area increasingly similar to a positive reference area (a proximate area comprising contiguous backwater areas) and increasingly different from two negative reference areas. The negative reference areas represented the Mississippi River main channel in an area proximate to the restoration area and an open water area in a related Mississippi River reach that has seen relatively little restoration effort. Inferences on the effects of restoration were made by comparing constrained and unconstrained models of summer chlorophyll a (CHL), summer inorganic suspended solids (ISS) and counts of benthic mayfly larvae. Constrained models forced trends in means or in both means and sampling variances to become, over time, increasingly similar to those in the positive reference area and increasingly dissimilar to those in the negative reference areas. Trends were estimated over 12- (mayflies) or 14-year sampling periods, and were evaluated using model information criteria. Based on these methods, restoration effects were observed for CHL and mayflies while evidence in favour of restoration effects on ISS was equivocal. These findings suggest that the cumulative effects of island building at relatively large spatial scales within large rivers may be estimated using data from large-scale surveillance monitoring programs. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Gray, B. R.; Houser, J. N.; Rogala, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
[Shi, W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Guan, Z.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Stat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Cochran-Biederman, J. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Gray, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
EM brgray@usgs.gov
OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550
FU Long Term Resource Monitoring Program
FX Authors thank Jeff Janvrin and two anonymous reviewers for helpful
review comments, and JC Nelson for graphical assistance. This study was
funded by the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. Any use of trade,
product or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 53
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1535-1459
J9 RIVER RES APPL
JI River Res. Appl.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 5
BP 537
EP 549
DI 10.1002/rra.1375
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 777DK
UT WOS:000291595100001
ER
PT J
AU Martin, TE
Lloyd, P
Bosque, C
Barton, DC
Biancucci, AL
Cheng, YR
Ton, R
AF Martin, Thomas E.
Lloyd, Penn
Bosque, Carlos
Barton, Daniel C.
Biancucci, Atilio L.
Cheng, Yi-Ru
Ton, Riccardo
TI GROWTH RATE VARIATION AMONG PASSERINE SPECIES IN TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE
SITES: AN ANTAGONISTIC INTERACTION BETWEEN PARENTAL FOOD PROVISIONING
AND NEST PREDATION RISK
SO EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Food limitation; growth rates; life history; nest predation; parental
care; passerines; provisioning rate
ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; TITS
PARUS-MAJOR; CLUTCH SIZE; SURVIVAL RATES; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION;
TRADE-OFF; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; DEVELOPMENTAL
RATES
AB Causes of interspecific variation in growth rates within and among geographic regions remain poorly understood. Passerine birds represent an intriguing case because differing theories yield the possibility of an antagonistic interaction between nest predation risk and food delivery rates on evolution of growth rates. We test this possibility among 64 Passerine species studied on three continents, including tropical and north and south temperate latitudes. Growth rates increased strongly with nestling predation rates within, but not between, sites. The importance of nest predation was further emphasized by revealing hidden allometric scaling effects. Nestling predation risk also was associated with reduced total feeding rates and per-nestling feeding rates within each site. Consequently, faster growth rates were associated with decreased per-nestling food delivery rates across species, both within and among regions. These relationships suggest that Passerines can evolve growth strategies in response to predation risk whereby food resources are not the primary limit on growth rate differences among species. In contrast, reaction norms of growth rate relative to brood size suggest that food may limit growth rates within species in temperate, but not tropical, regions. Results here provide new insight into evolution of growth strategies relative to predation risk and food within and among species.
C1 [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Lloyd, Penn] Univ Cape Town, Percy Fitzpatrick Inst African Ornithol, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
[Bosque, Carlos] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Biol Organismos, Caracas, Venezuela.
RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
EM tom.martin@umontana.edu; penn.lloyd@gmail.com; carlosb@usb.ve;
daniel.barton@umontana.edu; luis.biancucci@gmail.com;
yirucheng@gmail.com; zvoneb@libero.it
RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011
OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867
FU National Science Foundation [INT-9906030, DEB-9981527, DEB-0543178,
DEB-0841764]; United States Geological Survey Climate Change Research
Program; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State
Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-02817]; FONACIT
[DM/0000237]; INPARQUES [PA-INP-005-2004]; Ministerio del Ambiente
[01-03-03-1147]
FX We thank R. Duckworth, R. Hutto, H. Sofaer, and two anonymous reviewers
for helpful comments on drafts of this manuscript. We gratefully
acknowledge the help of the many field personnel that aided in
collection of these data over many years and sites. This work was
supported by National Science Foundation grants (INT-9906030,
DEB-9981527, DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764 to TEM) for studies in Arizona,
South Africa, and Venezuela, while the work in Arizona was also
supported by the United States Geological Survey Climate Change Research
Program, and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative
State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2005-02817
to TEM. Permit numbers for work in Venezuela were DM/0000237 from
FONACIT, PA-INP-005-2004 from INPARQUES, and 01-03-03-1147 from
Ministerio del Ambiente. Any use of trade names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 94
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0014-3820
J9 EVOLUTION
JI Evolution
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 65
IS 6
BP 1607
EP 1622
DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01227.x
PG 16
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
Heredity
GA 772XB
UT WOS:000291270300008
PM 21644952
ER
PT J
AU Chizinski, CJ
Peterson, A
Hanowski, J
Blinn, CR
Vondracek, B
Niemi, G
AF Chizinski, Christopher J.
Peterson, Anna
Hanowski, JoAnn
Blinn, Charles R.
Vondracek, Bruce
Niemi, Gerald
TI Breeding bird response to partially harvested riparian management zones
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Early successional bird species; Mature forest bird species; Partial
timber harvest; Riparian management
ID BUFFER STRIPS; UNITED-STATES; FOREST MANAGEMENT; EMPIDONAX-MINIMUS;
LEAST FLYCATCHERS; HARDWOOD FOREST; BOREAL FOREST; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT;
BIODIVERSITY
AB We compared avian communities among three timber harvesting treatments in 45-m wide even-age riparian management zones (RMZs) placed between upland clearcuts and along one side of first- or second-order streams in northern Minnesota, USA. The RMZs had three treatments: (1) unharvested, (2) intermediate residual basal area (RBA) (targeted goal 11.5 m(2)/ha, realized 16.0 m(2)/ha), and (3) low RBA (targeted goal 5.7 m(2)/ha, realized 8.7 m(2)/ha). Surveys were conducted one year pre-harvest and three consecutive years post-harvest. There was no change in species richness, diversity, or total abundance associated with harvest but there were shifts in the types of birds within the community. In particular, White-throated Sparrows (Zonon-ichia albicollis) and Chestnut-sided Warblers (Dendroica pensylvanica) increased while Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) and Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus) decreased. The decline of avian species associated with mature forest in the partially harvested treatments relative to controls indicates that maintaining an unharvested RMZ adjacent to an upland harvest may aid in maintaining avian species associated mature forest in Minnesota for at least three years post-harvest. However, our observations do not reflect reproductive success, which is an area for future research. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chizinski, Christopher J.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Peterson, Anna; Hanowski, JoAnn; Niemi, Gerald] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA.
[Blinn, Charles R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish &Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Chizinski, CJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
EM cchizinski2@unl.edu
RI Chizinski, Christopher/G-6306-2011;
OI Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588; Blinn,
Charlie/0000-0003-1981-5421
FU Minnesota Forest Resources Council; Minnesota Environment and Natural
Resources Trust
FX This study benefited from the assistance of numerous individuals. Lauren
Brudney, James Manolis, and Petra Wood provided helpful comments on an
earlier draft of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided
by the Minnesota Forest Resources Council and the Minnesota Environment
and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the
Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR). The use
of trade, product, industry or firm names or products or software or
models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative
purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S.
Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. This is contribution number
512 from the Center for Water and the Environment, Natural Resources
Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Duluth.
NR 49
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U1 3
U2 31
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD JUN 1
PY 2011
VL 261
IS 11
BP 1892
EP 1900
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.012
PG 9
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 770YZ
UT WOS:000291125700019
ER
PT J
AU Syphard, AD
Keeley, JE
Brennan, TJ
AF Syphard, Alexandra D.
Keeley, Jon E.
Brennan, Teresa J.
TI Comparing the role of fuel breaks across southern California national
forests
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Structural equation model; Fuel treatment; National forest;
Wildland-urban interface; Firefighting; Fire management
ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FIRE MANAGEMENT;
SIERRA-NEVADA; LANDSCAPE; WILDFIRE; CLIMATE; USA; ECOSYSTEMS; SHRUBLANDS
AB Fuel treatment of wildland vegetation is the primary approach advocated for mitigating fire risk at the wildland-urban interface (WOO, but little systematic research has been conducted to understand what role fuel treatments play in controlling large fires, which factors influence this role, or how the role of fuel treatments may vary over space and time. We assembled a spatial database of fuel breaks and fires from the last 30 years in four southern California national forests to better understand which factors are consistently important for fuel breaks in the control of large fires. We also explored which landscape features influence where fires and fuel breaks are most likely to intersect. The relative importance of significant factors explaining fuel break outcome and number of fire and fuel break intersections varied among the forests, which reflects high levels of regional landscape diversity. Nevertheless, several factors were consistently important across all the forests. In general, fuel breaks played an important role in controlling large fires only when they facilitated fire management, primarily by providing access for firefighting activities. Fire weather and fuel break maintenance were also consistently important. Models and maps predicting where fuel breaks and fires are most likely to intersect performed well in the regions where the models were developed, but these models did not extend well to other regions, reflecting how the environmental controls of fire regimes vary even within a single ecoregion. Nevertheless, similar mapping methods could be adopted in different landscapes to help with strategic location of fuel breaks. Strategic location of fuel breaks should also account for access points near communities, where fire protection is most important. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA.
[Keeley, Jon E.; Brennan, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA USA.
[Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Syphard, AD (reprint author), Conservat Biol Inst, 10423 Sierra Vista Ave, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA.
EM asyphard@consbio.org; jon_keeley@usgs.gov; tjbrennan@usgs.gov
FU USGS
FX Support for this paper was provided by the USGS Multi-Hazards
Demonstration Project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this
publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. government.
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PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD JUN 1
PY 2011
VL 261
IS 11
BP 2038
EP 2048
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.030
PG 11
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 770YZ
UT WOS:000291125700035
ER
PT J
AU Ongaro, TE
Widiwijayanti, C
Clarke, AB
Voight, B
Neri, A
AF Ongaro, T. Esposti
Widiwijayanti, C.
Clarke, A. B.
Voight, B.
Neri, A.
TI Multiphase-flow numerical modeling of the 18 May 1980 lateral blast at
Mount St. Helens, USA
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WASHINGTON; TRANSPORT; EMPLACEMENT; DEPOSITION; SIMULATION; ERUPTIONS
AB Volcanic lateral blasts are among the most spectacular and devastating of natural phenomena, but their dynamics are still poorly understood. Here we investigate the best documented and most controversial blast at Mount St. Helens (Washington State, United States), on 18 May 1980. By means of three-dimensional multiphase numerical simulations we demonstrate that the blast front propagation, final runout, and damage can be explained by the emplacement of an unsteady, stratified pyroclastic density current, controlled by gravity and terrain morphology. Such an interpretation is quantitatively supported by large-scale observations at Mount St. Helens and will influence the definition and predictive mapping of hazards on blast-dangerous volcanoes worldwide.
C1 [Ongaro, T. Esposti; Clarke, A. B.; Neri, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
[Widiwijayanti, C.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
[Clarke, A. B.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Voight, B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Voight, B.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Ongaro, TE (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Pisa, Via Faggiola 32, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
RI Neri, Augusto/A-1623-2009; Esposti Ongaro, Tomaso/E-4036-2015
OI Neri, Augusto/0000-0002-3536-3624; Esposti Ongaro,
Tomaso/0000-0002-6663-5311
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-03-10329, EAR-04-08709]; European
Commission
FX Our research was supported by the National Science Foundation Petrology
and Geochemistry Program (grant EAR-03-10329 to Clarke, grant
EAR-04-08709 to Voight), and the European Commission (Project EXPLORIS).
We acknowledge support from colleagues at the U. S. Geological Survey
Cascade Volcano Observatory. The paper has benefited from thorough
reviews by Alain Burgisser and two anonymous referees.
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PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 39
IS 6
BP 535
EP 538
DI 10.1130/G31865.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 770OG
UT WOS:000291096300006
ER
PT J
AU Langenheim, VE
Sweetkind, DS
AF Langenheim, V. E.
Sweetkind, D. S.
TI Introduction: Tectonics, volcanism, and stratigraphy within the evolving
transform margin north of San Francisco Bay, California
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Langenheim, V. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Sweetkind, D. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 937, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
OI Sweetkind, Donald/0000-0003-0892-4796
NR 1
TC 0
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U1 0
U2 3
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 3
BP 597
EP 598
DI 10.1130/GES00541.1
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 772CN
UT WOS:000291208700001
ER
PT J
AU Sarna-Wojcicki, AM
Deino, AL
Fleck, RJ
McLaughlin, RJ
Wagner, D
Wan, E
Wahl, D
Hillhouse, JW
Perkins, M
AF Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M.
Deino, Alan L.
Fleck, Robert J.
McLaughlin, Robert J.
Wagner, David
Wan, Elmira
Wahl, David
Hillhouse, John W.
Perkins, Michael
TI Age, composition, and areal distribution of the Pliocene Lawlor Tuff,
and three younger Pliocene tuffs, California and Nevada
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID POTASSIUM-ARGON AGES; AR-40/AR-39; PALEOMAGNETISM; PLEISTOCENE;
CHRONOLOGY; VOLCANICS; KENYA; ASH
AB The Lawlor Tuff is a widespread dacitic tephra layer produced by Plinian eruptions and ash flows derived from the Sonoma Volcanics, a volcanic area north of San Francisco Bay in the central Coast Ranges of California, USA. The younger, chemically similar Huichica tuff, the tuff of Napa, and the tuff of Monticello Road sequentially overlie the Lawlor Tuff, and were erupted from the same volcanic field. We obtain new laser-fusion and incremental-heating Ar-40/Ar-39 isochron and plateau ages of 4.834 +/- 0.011, 4.76 +/- 0.03, <= 4.70 +/- 0.03, and 4.50 +/- 0.02 Ma (1 sigma), respectively, for these layers. The ages are concordant with their stratigraphic positions and are significantly older than those determined previously by the K-Ar method on the same tuffs in previous studies.
Based on offsets of the ash-flow phase of the Lawlor Tuff by strands of the eastern San Andreas fault system within the northeastern San Francisco Bay area, total offset east of the Rodgers Creek-Healdsburg fault is estimated to be in the range of 36 to 56 km, with corresponding displacement rates between 8.4 and 11.6 mm/yr over the past similar to 4.83 Ma.
We identify these tuffs by their chemical, petrographic, and magnetic characteristics over a large area in California and western Nevada, and at a number of new localities. They are thus unique chronostratigraphic markers that allow correlation of marine and terrestrial sedimentary and volcanic strata of early Pliocene age for their region of fallout. The tuff of Monticello Road is identified only near its eruptive source.
C1 [Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M.; Fleck, Robert J.; McLaughlin, Robert J.; Wan, Elmira; Wahl, David; Hillhouse, John W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Deino, Alan L.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA.
[Wagner, David] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
[Perkins, Michael] Univ Utah, Dept Geol Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Sarna-Wojcicki, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
OI Wahl, David/0000-0002-0451-3554
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U1 0
U2 2
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 3
BP 599
EP 628
DI 10.1130/GES00609.1
PG 30
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 772CN
UT WOS:000291208700002
ER
PT J
AU Sweetkind, DS
Rytuba, JJ
Langenheim, VE
Fleck, RJ
AF Sweetkind, Donald S.
Rytuba, James J.
Langenheim, Victoria E.
Fleck, Robert J.
TI Geology and geochemistry of volcanic centers within the eastern half of
the Sonoma volcanic field, northern San Francisco Bay region, California
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; MOUNTAIN MAGMA SYSTEM; COASTAL CALIFORNIA;
CENOZOIC VOLCANISM; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; FAULT SYSTEM; ASTHENOSPHERIC
WINDOW; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; WESTERN CALIFORNIA; RIDGE SUBDUCTION
AB Volcanic rocks in the Sonoma volcanic field in the northern California Coast Ranges contain heterogeneous assemblages of a variety of compositionally diverse volcanic rocks. We have used field mapping, new and existing age determinations, and 343 new major and trace element analyses of whole-rock samples from lavas and tuff to define for the first time volcanic source areas for many parts of the Sonoma volcanic field. Geophysical data and models have helped to define the thickness of the volcanic pile and the location of caldera structures. Volcanic rocks of the Sonoma volcanic field show a broad range in eruptive style that is spatially variable and specific to an individual eruptive center. Major, minor, and trace-element geochemical data for intra-caldera and outflow tuffs and their distal fall equivalents suggest - caldera-related sources for the Pinole and Lawlor Tuffs in southern Napa Valley and for the tuff of Franz Valley in northern Napa Valley. Stratigraphic correlations based on similarity in eruptive sequence and style coupled with geochemical data allow an estimate of 30 km of right-lateral offset across the West Napa-Carneros fault zones since similar to 5 Ma.
The volcanic fields in the California Coast Ranges north of San Francisco Bay are temporally and spatially associated with the northward migration of the Mendocino triple junction and the transition from subduction and associated arc volcanism to a slab window tectonic environment. Our geochemical analyses from the Sonoma volcanic field highlight the geochemical diversity of these volcanic rocks, allowing us to clearly distinguish these volcanic rocks from those of the roughly coeval ancestral Cascades magmatic arc to the west, and also to compare rocks of the Sonoma volcanic field to rocks from other slab window settings.
C1 [Sweetkind, Donald S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Rytuba, James J.; Langenheim, Victoria E.; Fleck, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Sweetkind, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
OI Sweetkind, Donald/0000-0003-0892-4796
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PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 3
BP 629
EP 657
DI 10.1130/GES00625.1
PG 29
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 772CN
UT WOS:000291208700003
ER
PT J
AU Wagner, DL
Saucedo, GJ
Clahan, KB
Fleck, RJ
Langenheim, VE
McLaughlin, RJ
Sarna-Wojcicki, AM
Allen, JR
Deino, AL
AF Wagner, David L.
Saucedo, George J.
Clahan, Kevin B.
Fleck, Robert J.
Langenheim, Victoria E.
McLaughlin, Robert J.
Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M.
Allen, James R.
Deino, Alan L.
TI Geology, geochronology, and paleogeography of the southern Sonoma
volcanic field and adjacent areas, northern San Francisco Bay region,
California
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID FAULT SYSTEM; AGE; TRANSFORM; PALEOMAGNETISM; DISPLACEMENT; EARTHQUAKE;
EVOLUTION; KENYA
AB Recent geologic mapping in the northern San Francisco Bay region (California, USA) supported by radiometric dating and tephrochronologic correlations, provides insights into the framework geology, stratigraphy, tectonic evolution, and geologic history of this part of the San Andreas transform plate boundary. There are 25 new and existing radiometric dates that define three temporally distinct volcanic packages along the north margin of San Pablo Bay, i.e., the Burdell Mountain Volcanics (11.1 Ma), the Tolay Volcanics (ca. 10-8 Ma), and the Sonoma Volcanics (ca. 8-2.5 Ma). The Burdell Mountain and the Tolay Volcanics are allochthonous, having been displaced from the Quien Sabe Volcanics and the Berkeley Hills Volcanics, respectively. Two samples from a core of the Tolay Volcanics taken from the Murphy #1 well in the Petaluma oilfield yielded ages of 8.99 +/- 0.06 and 9.13 +/- 0.06 Ma, demonstrating that volcanic rocks exposed along Tolay Creek near Sears Point previously thought to be a separate unit, the Donnell Ranch volcanics, are part of the Tolay Volcanics. Other new dates reported herein show that volcanic rocks in the Meacham Hill area and extending southwest to the Burdell Mountain fault are also part of the Tolay Volcanics. In the Sonoma volcanic field, strongly bimodal volcanic sequences are intercalated with sediments. In the Mayacmas Mountains a belt of eruptive centers youngs to the north. The youngest of these volcanic centers at Sugar-loaf Ridge, which lithologically, chemically, and temporally matches the Napa Valley eruptive center, was apparently displaced 30 km to the northwest by movement along the Carneros and West Napa faults. The older parts of the Sonoma Volcanics have been displaced at least 28 km along the Rodgers-Creek fault since ca. 7 Ma. The Petaluma Formation also youngs to the north along the Rodgers Creek-Hayward fault and the Bennett Valley fault. The Petaluma basin formed as part of the Contra Costa basin in the Late Miocene and was displaced to its present location along the Rodgers Creek-Hayward and older faults. The Tolay fault, previously thought to be a major dextral fault, is part of a fold-and-thrust belt that does not exhibit lateral displacement.
C1 [Wagner, David L.] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
[Saucedo, George J.; Clahan, Kevin B.] Calif Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94024 USA.
[Fleck, Robert J.; Langenheim, Victoria E.; McLaughlin, Robert J.; Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Allen, James R.] Calif State Univ Hayward, Hayward, CA 94542 USA.
[Deino, Alan L.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA.
RP Wagner, DL (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
FU STATEMAP; EDMAP Elements of the U.S. Geological Survey
FX We thank Nancy Lilly and Tony Lilly, Justin Faggioli, Phil Coturri, and
many other landowners and managers too numerous to list here, who
granted access during the field work for this investigation. The staff
of the Sonoma Ecology Center was very helpful in indentifying landowners
and arranging access. Donn Ristau led Wagner through the Infineon
Race-way and Don Zieglar generously provided his unpublished subsurface
data. Michael Dwyer shared his aerial photography and insights into
large landslides on the west slope of Sonoma Mountain. John Caskey,
Laurel Collins, Eric Ford, Carrie Randolph-Loar, Chris Farrar, Cathy
Busby, and Terry Wright joined Wagner in the field. We appreciate the
generous sharing of chemical analyses of rocks from the Sonoma Volcanics
by Keith Piturka of Fresno State University. Chemical and petrographic
analyses for tephrochronology were done by Elmira Wan, David Wahl, and
James Walker of the U.S. Geological Survey Tephrochronology Laboratory
in Menlo Park, California. Carlos Gutierrez and Collette Gantenbein of
the California Geological Survey prepared many of the graphics. An early
version of this paper was reviewed by Chris Wills, who greatly improved
it. Thoughtful technical reviews by Russ Graymer, John Caskey, and Brian
Hausback improved this paper. This investigation was supported in part
by the STATEMAP and EDMAP Elements of the U.S. Geological Survey
National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Project.
NR 85
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U1 3
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PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 3
BP 658
EP 683
DI 10.1130/GES00626.1
PG 26
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 772CN
UT WOS:000291208700004
ER
PT J
AU Colgan, JP
Egger, AE
John, DA
Cousens, B
Fleck, RJ
Henry, CD
AF Colgan, Joseph P.
Egger, Anne E.
John, David A.
Cousens, Brian
Fleck, Robert J.
Henry, Christopher D.
TI Oligocene and Miocene arc volcanism in northeastern California: Evidence
for post-Eocene segmentation of the subducting Farallon plate
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID ANCESTRAL-CASCADES ARC; SIERRA-NEVADA CALIFORNIA; MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO;
WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ASH-FLOW TUFFS; NORTHWESTERN BASIN; TECTONIC
EVOLUTION; GREAT-BASIN; FORE-ARC; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
AB The Warner Range in northeastern California exposes a section of Tertiary rocks over 3 km thick, offering a unique opportunity to study the long-term history of Cascade arc volcanism in an area otherwise covered-by younger volcanic rocks. The oldest locally sourced volcanic rocks in the Warner Range are Oligocene (28-24 Ma) and include a sequence of basalt and basaltic andesite lava flows overlain by hornblende and pyroxene andesite pyroclastic flows and minor lava flows. Both sequences vary in thickness (0-2 km) along strike and are inferred to be the erosional remnants of one or more large, partly overlapping composite volcanoes. No volcanic rocks were erupted in the Warner Range between ca. 24 and 16 Ma, although minor distally sourced silicic tuffs were deposited during this time. Arc volcanism resumed ca. 16 Ma with eruption of basalt and basaltic andesite lavas sourced from eruptive centers 5-10 km south of the relict Oligocene centers. Post-16 Ma arc volcanism continued until ca. 8 Ma, forming numerous eroded but well-preserved shield volcanoes to the south of the Warner Range. Oligocene to Late Miocene volcanic rocks in and around the Warner Range are calc-alkaline basalts to andesites (48%-61% SiO(2)) that display negative Ti, Nb, and Ta anomalies in trace element spider diagrams, consistent with an arc setting. Middle Miocene lavas in the Warner Range are distinctly different in age, composition, and eruptive style from the nearby Steens Basalt, with which they were previously correlated. Middle to Late Miocene shield volcanoes south of the Warner Range consist of homogeneous basaltic andesites (53%-57% SiO(2)) that are compositionally similar to Oligocene rocks in the Warner Range. They are distinctly different from younger (Late Miocene to Pliocene) high-Al, low-K olivine tholeiites, which are more mafic (46%-49% SiO(2)), did not build large edifices, and are thought to be related to backarc extension. The Warner Range is similar to 100 km east of the axis of the modern arc in northeastern California, suggesting that the Cascade arc south of modern Mount Shasta migrated west during the Late Miocene and Pliocene, while the arc north of Mount Shasta remained in essentially the same position. We interpret these patterns as evidence for an Eocene to Miocene tear in the subducting slab, with a more steeply dipping plate segment to the north, and an initially more gently-dipping segment to the south that gradually steepened from the Middle Miocene to the present.
C1 [Colgan, Joseph P.; John, David A.; Fleck, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Egger, Anne E.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Cousens, Brian] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
[Henry, Christopher D.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Colgan, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jcolgan@usgs.gov
OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436; John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106
NR 82
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 4
U2 20
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 3
BP 733
EP 755
DI 10.1130/GES00650.1
PG 23
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 772CN
UT WOS:000291208700009
ER
PT J
AU Rice, KG
Waddle, JH
Miller, MW
Crockett, ME
Mazzotti, FJ
Percival, HF
AF Rice, Kenneth G.
Waddle, J. Hardin
Miller, Mark W.
Crockett, Marquette E.
Mazzotti, Frank J.
Percival, H. Franklin
TI RECOVERY OF NATIVE TREEFROGS AFTER REMOVAL OF NONINDIGENOUS CUBAN
TREEFROGS, OSTEOPILUS SEPTENTRIONALIS
SO HERPETOLOGICA
LA English
DT Article
DE Abundance; Capture-mark-recapture; Florida; Green Treefrog; Hyla
cinerea; Hyla squirella; Introduced species; Occupancy; Squirrel
Treefrog; Survival
ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; HYLID TREEFROGS; SURVIVAL RATES;
COOCCURRENCE; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; FLORIDA; FROGS
AB Florida is home to several introduced animal species, especially in the southern portion of the state. Most introduced species are restricted to the urban and suburban areas along the coasts, but some species, like the Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis), are locally abundant in natural protected areas. Although Cuban Treefrogs are known predators of native treefrog species as both adults and larvae, no study has demonstrated a negative effect of Cuban Treefrogs on native treefrog survival, abundance, or occupancy rate. We monitored survival, capture probability, abundance, and proportion of sites occupied by Cuban Treefrogs and two native species, Green Treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) and Squirrel Treefrogs (Hyla squirella), at four sites in Everglades National Park in southern Florida with the use of capture mark recapture techniques. After at least 5 mo of monitoring all species at each site we began removing every Cuban Treefrog captured. We continued to estimate survival, abundance, and occupancy rates of native treefrogs for 1 yr after the commencement of Cuban Treefrog removal. Mark recapture models that included the effect of Cuban Treefrog removal on native treefrog survival did not have considerable Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) weight, although capture rates of native species were generally very low prior to Cuban Treefrog removal. Estimated abundance of native treefrogs did increase after commencement of Cuban Treefrog removal, but also varied with the season of the year. The best models of native treefrog occupancy included a Cuban Treefrog removal effect at sites with high initial densities of Cuban Treefrogs. This study demonstrates that an introduced predator can have population-level effects on similar native species.
C1 [Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Rice, Kenneth G.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
[Miller, Mark W.; Crockett, Marquette E.; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
[Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Waddle, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM waddleh@usgs.gov
RI Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009; Miller, Mark/F-6284-2015
OI Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133; Miller, Mark/0000-0003-4211-1393
NR 37
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 22
PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE
PI EMPORIA
PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST,
EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA
SN 0018-0831
J9 HERPETOLOGICA
JI Herpetologica
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 67
IS 2
BP 105
EP 117
PG 13
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 773IJ
UT WOS:000291299900001
ER
PT J
AU Graedel, TE
Allwood, J
Birat, JP
Buchert, M
Hageluken, C
Reck, BK
Sibley, SF
Sonnemann, G
AF Graedel, T. E.
Allwood, Julian
Birat, Jean-Pierre
Buchert, Matthias
Hagelueken, Christian
Reck, Barbara K.
Sibley, Scott F.
Sonnemann, Guido
TI What Do We Know About Metal Recycling Rates?
SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE end-of-life recycling rate (EOL-RR); industrial ecology; old scrap ratio
(OSR); recycled content (RC); recycling input rate (RIR); recycling
metrics
ID CYCLES; FLOWS
AB The recycling of metals is widely viewed as a fruitful sustainability strategy, but little information is available on the degree to which recycling is actually taking place. This article provides an overview on the current knowledge of recycling rates for 60 metals. We propose various recycling metrics, discuss relevant aspects of recycling processes, and present current estimates on global end-of-life recycling rates (EOL-RR; i.e., the percentage of a metal in discards that is actually recycled), recycled content (RC), and old scrap ratios (OSRs; i.e., the share of old scrap in the total scrap flow). Because of increases in metal use over time and long metal in-use lifetimes, many RC values are low and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Because of relatively low efficiencies in the collection and processing of most discarded products, inherent limitations in recycling processes, and the fact that primary material is often relatively abundant and low-cost (which thereby keeps down the price of scrap), many EOL-RRs are very low: Only for 18 metals (silver, aluminum, gold, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, niobium, nickel, lead, palladium, platinum, rhenium, rhodium, tin, titanium, and zinc) is the EOL-RR above 50% at present. Only for niobium, lead, and ruthenium is the RC above 50%, although 16 metals are in the 25% to 50% range. Thirteen metals have an OSR greater than 50%. These estimates may be used in considerations of whether recycling efficiencies can be improved; which metric could best encourage improved effectiveness in recycling; and an improved understanding of the dependence of recycling on economics, technology, and other factors.
C1 [Graedel, T. E.; Reck, Barbara K.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
[Allwood, Julian] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
[Birat, Jean-Pierre] Arcelor Mittal, Maizieres Les Metz, France.
[Buchert, Matthias] Oko Inst, Darmstadt, Germany.
[Hagelueken, Christian] Umicore Precious Met Refining, Dept Business Dev & Market Res, Hanau, Germany.
[Sibley, Scott F.] US Geol Survey USGS, Natl Minerals Informat Ctr, Herndon, VA USA.
[Sonnemann, Guido] United Nations Environm Programme, Div Technol Ind & Econ, Paris, France.
RP Graedel, TE (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
EM thomas.graedel@yale.edu
RI Reck, Barbara/A-7096-2013; Allwood, Julian/K-5115-2013
OI Reck, Barbara/0000-0002-1594-4245; Allwood, Julian/0000-0003-0931-3831
NR 25
TC 115
Z9 117
U1 7
U2 91
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1088-1980
J9 J IND ECOL
JI J. Ind. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 15
IS 3
BP 355
EP 366
DI 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00342.x
PG 12
WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental;
Environmental Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences
& Ecology
GA 772GL
UT WOS:000291222200004
ER
PT J
AU Kiang, JE
Olsen, JR
Waskom, RM
AF Kiang, Julie E.
Olsen, J. Rolf
Waskom, Reagan M.
TI Introduction to the Featured Collection on "Nonstationarity, Hydrologic
Frequency Analysis, and Water Management"
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID UNITED-STATES; STREAMFLOW
AB Kiang, Julie E., J. Rolf Olsen, and Reagan M. Waskom, 2011. Introduction to the Featured Collection on "Nonstationarity, Hydrologic Frequency Analysis, and Water Management." Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(3):433-435. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00551.x.
C1 [Kiang, Julie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 415, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Olsen, J. Rolf] USA, Inst Water Resources, Corp Engineers, Alexandria, VA USA.
[Waskom, Reagan M.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Water Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Kiang, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 415, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM jkiang@usgs.gov
NR 5
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 433
EP 435
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00551.x
PG 3
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 772HL
UT WOS:000291224900001
ER
PT J
AU Hirsch, RM
AF Hirsch, Robert M.
TI A Perspective on Nonstationarity and Water Management
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Water Resources Management; climate variability; change; runoff;
streamflow; water policy
AB This essay offers some perspectives on climate-related nonstationarity and water resources. Hydrologists must not lose sight of the many sources of nonstationarity, recognizing that many of them may be of much greater magnitude than those that may arise from climate change. It is paradoxical that statistical and deterministic approaches give us better insights about changes in mean conditions than about the tails of probability distributions, and yet the tails are very important to water management. Another paradox is that it is difficult to distinguish between long-term hydrologic persistence and trend. Using very long hydrologic records is helpful in mitigating this problem, but does not guarantee success. Empirical approaches, using long-term hydrologic records, should be an important part of the portfolio of research being applied to understand the hydrologic response to climate change. An example presented here shows very mixed results for trends in the size of the annual floods, with some strong clusters of positive trends and a strong cluster of negative trends. The potential for nonstationarity highlights the importance of the continuity of hydrologic records, the need for repeated analysis of the data as the time series grow, and the need for a well-trained cadre of scientists and engineers, ready to interpret the data and use those analyses to help adjust the management of our water resources.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Hirsch, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM rhirsch@usgs.gov
OI Hirsch, Robert/0000-0002-4534-075X
FU USGS; National Streamflow Information Program
FX The author benefited from reviews by Chris Milly and Julie Kiang, and
three anonymous reviewers. It was also improved by continuing
discussions about long-term persistence with Tim Cohn and Harry Lins,
and on the ever-fascinating record of the Red River of the North with
Gregg Wiche, Karen Ryberg, and Skip Vecchia. The illustrations in
Figures 6 and 7 were developed by Karen Ryberg, as a part of a more
extensive research effort on which we are collaborating. The research
was funded by the USGS Hydrologic Research and Development Program and
National Streamflow Information Program. Most of the insights in the
paper related to long-term data would not have been possible were it not
for the dedicated efforts of USGS hydrologists and hydrologic
technicians who have collected these data for over 127 years under all
kinds of conditions.
NR 13
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 16
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 436
EP 446
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00539.x
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 772HL
UT WOS:000291224900002
ER
PT J
AU Lins, HF
Cohn, TA
AF Lins, Harry F.
Cohn, Timothy A.
TI Stationarity: Wanted Dead or Alive?
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE stationarity; nonstationarity; long-term persistence; Hurst-Kolmogorov
phenomenon; trend testing; hypothesis testing
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE
AB Aligning engineering practice with natural process behavior would appear, on its face, to be a prudent and reasonable course of action. However, if we do not understand the long-term characteristics of hydroclimatic processes, how does one find the prudent and reasonable course needed for water management? We consider this question in light of three aspects of existing and unresolved issues affecting hydroclimatic variability and statistical inference: Hurst-Kolmogorov phenomena; the complications long-term persistence introduces with respect to statistical understanding; and the dependence of process understanding on arbitrary sampling choices. These problems are not easily addressed. In such circumstances, humility may be more important than physics; a simple model with well-understood flaws may be preferable to a sophisticated model whose correspondence to reality is uncertain.
C1 [Lins, Harry F.; Cohn, Timothy A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 415, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Lins, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 415, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM hlins@usgs.gov
NR 16
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 2
U2 24
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1093-474X
EI 1752-1688
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 475
EP 480
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00542.x
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 772HL
UT WOS:000291224900005
ER
PT J
AU Dettinger, M
AF Dettinger, Michael
TI Climate Change, Atmospheric Rivers, and Floods in California - A
Multimodel Analysis of Storm Frequency and Magnitude Changes
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE climate variability; change; meteorology; atmospheric rivers; flooding
ID WATER-VAPOR TRANSPORT; NORTH-AMERICA; PRECIPITATION; SATELLITE;
RAINFALL; BALANCE; CALJET; OCEAN; COAST
AB Recent studies have documented the important role that "atmospheric rivers" (ARs) of concentrated near-surface water vapor above the Pacific Ocean play in the storms and floods in California, Oregon, and Washington. By delivering large masses of warm, moist air (sometimes directly from the Tropics), ARs establish conditions for the kinds of high snowlines and copious orographic rainfall that have caused the largest historical storms. In many California rivers, essentially all major historical floods have been associated with AR storms. As an example of the kinds of storm changes that may influence future flood frequencies, the occurrence of such storms in historical observations and in a 7-model ensemble of historical-climate and projected future climate simulations is evaluated. Under an A2 greenhouse-gas emissions scenario (with emissions accelerating throughout the 21st Century), average AR statistics do not change much in most climate models; however, extremes change notably. Years with many AR episodes increase, ARs with higher-than-historical water-vapor transport rates increase, and AR storm-temperatures increase. Furthermore, the peak season within which most ARs occur is commonly projected to lengthen, extending the flood-hazard season. All of these tendencies could increase opportunities for both more frequent and more severe floods in California under projected climate changes.
C1 US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Dept 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Dettinger, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Dept 0224, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM mddettin@usgs.gov
FU California Energy Commission; CALFED Bay
FX Research described here was supported by both the California Energy
Commission-funded California Climate Change Center and the CALFED
Bay-Delta Program-funded Computational Assessments of Scenarios of
Change in the Delta Ecosystem (CASCaDE) Project, and is in support of
the California Energy Commission/NOAA/USGS CALWATER 2011 field campaign.
These results were presented and discussed more fully in a report to the
California Climate Action Team's 2008 biennial climate-change impacts
assessment (Dettinger et al., 2009).
NR 31
TC 113
Z9 113
U1 6
U2 58
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1093-474X
EI 1752-1688
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 514
EP 523
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00546.x
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 772HL
UT WOS:000291224900009
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, RL
Clark, BR
Landon, MK
Kauffman, LJ
Eberts, SM
AF Johnson, R. L.
Clark, B. R.
Landon, M. K.
Kauffman, L. J.
Eberts, S. M.
TI Modeling the Potential Impact of Seasonal and Inactive Multi-Aquifer
Wells on Contaminant Movement to Public Water-Supply Wells
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE groundwater hydrology; simulation; drinking water; nonpoint source
pollution; point source pollution; source water protection; water supply
ID FLOW; TRANSPORT
AB Wells screened across multiple aquifers can provide pathways for the movement of surprisingly large volumes of groundwater to confined aquifers used for public water supply (PWS). Using a simple numerical model, we examine the impact of several pumping scenarios on leakage from an unconfined aquifer to a confined aquifer and conclude that a single inactive multi-aquifer well can contribute nearly 10% of total PWS well flow over a wide range of pumping rates. This leakage can occur even when the multi-aquifer well is more than a kilometer from the PWS well. The contribution from multi-aquifer wells may be greater under conditions where seasonal pumping (e.g., irrigation) creates large, widespread downward hydraulic gradients between aquifers. Under those conditions, water can continue to leak down a multi-aquifer well from an unconfined aquifer to a confined aquifer even when those multi-aquifer wells are actively pumped. An important implication is that, if an unconfined aquifer is contaminated, multi-aquifer wells can increase the vulnerability of a confined-aquifer PWS well.
C1 [Johnson, R. L.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
[Clark, B. R.] US Geol Survey, Little Rock, AR USA.
[Landon, M. K.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA.
[Kauffman, L. J.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ USA.
[Eberts, S. M.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA.
RP Johnson, RL (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
EM smeberts@usgs.gov
OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water
Quality Assessment Program Topical Study "Transport of Anthropogenic and
Natural Contaminants to Supply Wells" (TANC). Manuscript reviews by T.
Reilly and J. Zogorski are greatly appreciated.
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 3
BP 588
EP 596
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00526.x
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 772HL
UT WOS:000291224900016
PM 22457571
ER
PT J
AU Jachowski, DS
Skipper, S
Gompper, ME
AF Jachowski, David S.
Skipper, Sherry
Gompper, Matthew E.
TI Field evaluation of imidacloprid as a systemic approach to flea control
in black-tailed prairie dogs, Cynomys ludovicianus
SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Sylvatic plague; imidacloprid; deltamethrin
ID PLAGUE EPIZOOTICS; YERSINIA-PESTIS; OROPSYLLA-HIRSUTA; COLONY EXPANSION;
GROUND-SQUIRRELS; DELTAMETHRIN; ECOLOGY; INSECTICIDE; SURVIVAL; VECTOR
AB Epizootic outbreaks of sylvatic plague have dramatically influenced prairie dog (Cynomys sp.) populations across North America. While a great deal of debate surrounds the cause and persistence of plague, flea control can stop the spread of plague epizootic outbreaks and even increase prairie dog survival under non-epizootic conditions. We investigated a newly-developed imidacloprid-treated grain bait that could potentially reduce flea infestations and mitigate the effects of plague on black-tailed prairie dogs (C. ludovicianus). We used a study design involving randomly assigned experimental and control study plots to assess the effectiveness of the systemic flea control product. We observed a significant difference in flea prevalence and abundance between experimental and control sites on three of the four sites treated with a single application of imidacloprid-treated grain bait for up to 90 days post-treatment. We observed an even greater reduction in flea infestations following the double application of treatment bait on two of three additional experimental sites. While we were unable to reduce flea infestations to the extent reported for more commonly used topical insecticides containing deltamethrin, imidacloprid might still be effective at reducing the risk of plague and halting epizootics. In addition, this systemic product can be more rapidly applied than topical insecticides, providing managers with a tool to quickly reduce flea infestations. Future research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of different application timing and rates, the utility of the product in limiting plague, and the potential effects on non-target species that might also consume the treated bait. Journal of Vector Ecology 36 (1): 100-107. 2011.
C1 [Jachowski, David S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, S Dakota Ecol Serv Field Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA.
[Skipper, Sherry] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Commerce City, CO 80022 USA.
[Gompper, Matthew E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Jachowski, DS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, S Dakota Ecol Serv Field Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA.
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We thank Al Pfister, Henry Maddux, Pete Gober, and Scott Larson of the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their support of this research
project. We also thank the staff of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National
Wildlife Refuge for their support of field efforts. Dean Biggins and
Joshua Millspaugh provided helpful guidance for designing and
implementing the project. Richard Jachowski and Bruce Hastings provided
helpful comments on this manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of
the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service.
NR 45
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 15
PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY
PI CORONA
PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA
SN 1081-1710
EI 1948-7134
J9 J VECTOR ECOL
JI J. Vector Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 36
IS 1
BP 100
EP 107
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 772II
UT WOS:000291227200013
PM 21635647
ER
PT J
AU Shelly, DR
Peng, ZG
Hill, DP
Aiken, C
AF Shelly, David R.
Peng, Zhigang
Hill, David P.
Aiken, Chastity
TI Triggered creep as a possible mechanism for delayed dynamic triggering
of tremor and earthquakes
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; AFTERSHOCK DENSITY; SLOW-SLIP;
STRESS; SUBDUCTION; DISTANCE; SWARMS; DECAY
AB The passage of radiating seismic waves generates transient stresses in the Earth's crust that can trigger slip on faults far away from the original earthquake source. The triggered fault slip is detectable in the form of earthquakes(1-3) and seismic tremor(4-7). However, the significance of these triggered events remains controversial(8,9), in part because they often occur with some delay, long after the triggering stress has passed. Here we scrutinize the location and timing of tremor on the San Andreas fault between 2001 and 2010 in relation to distant earthquakes. We observe tremor on the San Andreas fault that is initiated by passing seismic waves, yet migrates along the fault at a much slower velocity than the radiating seismic waves. We suggest that the migrating tremor records triggered slow slip of the San Andreas fault as a propagating creep event. We find that the triggered tremor and fault creep can be initiated by distant earthquakes as small as magnitude 5.4 and can persist for several days after the seismic waves have passed. Our observations of prolonged tremor activity provide a clear example of the delayed dynamic triggering of seismic events. Fault creep has been shown to trigger earthquakes(10-12), and we therefore suggest that the dynamic triggering of prolonged fault creep could provide a mechanism for the delayed triggering of earthquakes.
C1 [Shelly, David R.; Hill, David P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Peng, Zhigang; Aiken, Chastity] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Shelly, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM dshelly@usgs.gov
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0809834, EAR-0956051]
FX We are grateful to T. Parsons and B. Chouet for reviewing this
manuscript. Data were obtained from the Northern California Earthquake
Data Center (NCEDC). Station PKD and HRSN stations are operated by the
University of California, Berkeley. Z.P. and C. A. are supported by the
National Science Foundation (EAR-0809834 and EAR-0956051).
NR 31
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Z9 63
U1 1
U2 12
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 6
BP 384
EP 388
DI 10.1038/NGEO1141
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 770LY
UT WOS:000291089200018
ER
EF